2nd Quarter 2015 Online

Volume xliv 2nd quarter 2015

Hurray!

IIEE is PH's Most Outstanding Professional Org

HOW TO LOVE DAVAO?

LET YOURSELF COUNT THE WAYS

+

CRISIS, NO PROBLEM

PLU S

MEET DOST USEC GEV

IIEE AT 40 HOW IS IT WORKING WITH EEs?

SPECIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM SERVICE SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK

CIRKITO

&

ELECTRICAL SAFETY Old Stories, Same Advocacy, New Battle Gears

VOLUME XLIV

CONTENTS 2nd Q 2015

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16

22

LONG ROAD TO SAFETY

“IIEE has been advocating highest standards on electrical safety. ESEA provided better platform in bringing safe energy use un evert household, office, and institutional building and business in the country,” writes Sherwin dela Paz.

DAVAO WILL LEAD THE WAY

“If Davao senses the strong will from the hearts of the tourists, it will surely give back and show them the way towards the true sheen of this crown jewel of Mindanao,” Sheen Seeckts describes.

SO WHERE IS THE POWER

24 FAILURE?

“The expected electric power supply shortage did not happen because the actual demand was lower than the forecast during the critical period starting March,” explains DOE.

26

IIEE@40

3 Lives and Times of Working with EEs

WORLD DAY FOR SAFETY AND

28 HEALTH FOR WORK

Celebrate and remember 28 April that prevention is better than cure.

EE WOMAN: TEACHING

29 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND MAKING A DIFFERENCE

“I believe that life is a gift to be cherished and enjoyed,” Gev Guevara expresses.

7 8

FEEDBACKS

Since we love to hear from you!

EE PRACTITIONERS NEED IIEE, CPD

The Part two of four white paper by Primo Beltran

EDITOR’S NOTE

The wonders of this issue, you are warned!

FROM THE NATIONAL

10 PRESIDENT

“IIEE wants nothing but our members to be updated to what really is happening – from the management down to the membership level,” says Sheila Cabaraban.

12

WHAT’S THE NEWS • • • • • • •

Petilla, Duterte grace Davao Mid-year Confab Yolanda Survivor tops April 2015 REE exams IIEE is 2015 PRC’s MOAPO, Leoncio is outstanding professional Qatar Chapter hosts 252 delegates A Walk Towards Electrical Safety CSC Yields New Breed of Leaders Updates: 2nd EE bill introduces industrial, line electricians

TECHNICAL: COST ALLOCATION

30 OF SPECIAL PROTECTION

SYSTEM SERVICE BY COOPERATIVE GAME THEORY

“Since electricity market participants have various benefits in having a generation rejection scheme installation, the cost of the service must be allocated among the beneficiary participants,” Edwin Cano points out.

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REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD ADVERTISE IN THE NEW ELECTRICAL ENGINEER MAGAZINE

1. TARGETED AUDIENCE

The new Electrical Engineer magazine tightly targets and uniquely connects all areas of the electrical engineers community interests and passions. This aspect of a niched (but big) club membership means that you can tailor-fit ad messages, whatever appropriate and effective, to sell your products (and/or services).

2. REACH "HIGH VALUE CUSTOMERS"

Electrical Engineer readers are educated, technically-skilled, and have higher purchasing power. Likewise, the new Electrical Engineer delivers to you the hard-to-reach and influential opinion leaders in its field.

3. ACTIVE MEDIUM

6. INFORMATIVE MEDIUM

Given its niche position among other local magazines, Electrical Engineer significantly influences purchase behavior early in the decision-making process giving its readers ideas to buy your product, more so than newspapers or TV.

7. BUILD RELATIONSHIPS

Electrical Engineer is a very personal media, i.e. it creates private and intimate connections, a personal oasis of engagement, with each individual IIEE member-readers. The powerful intimacy rubs off onto your advertising, awarding it an authority and trustworthiness. As such, there is a positive effect on the perception and absorption of your advertisement.

The active, involving process of reading ensures focus on and understanding of your company's brand message. Reading requires total concentration, leading to better recall of your ad messages.

8. A LASTING MESSAGE

4. COMMUNICATES BETTER

9. FLEXIBILITY

Its reader involvement in advertising delivers more awareness of the brand message than TV or newspapers.

5. TELL THE ENTIRE BRAND STORY

Electrical Engineer allows in-depth, detailed communication of your brand story. Your brand benefits are spelled out in greater detail, creating more ways to connect with your target.

Many electrical engineers clip, mark and save your advertisements for future reference. Such ad clippings or markings provide lasting and durable messages with time to study your brand's benefits.

Electrical Engineer provides opportunities for inserts, supplements, advertorials and a variety of size and positioning options to meet your specific marketing and creative needs.

10. GENERATES RESPONSE AND DRIVES SALES

Electrical Engineer can make it happen. After reading your ad, targeted consumers are motivated to shop for and purchase your products (or services), call your company hotline, or go to your website. Response is immediate.

ABOUT THE COVER Volume xliv 2nd quarter 2015

Hurray!

IIEE is PH's Most Outstanding Professional Org

How To Love Davao?

LeT YourseLf CounT THe waYs

+

INTEGRITY. INNOVATION. EMPOWERMENT. EXCELLENCE.

2015 THEME IIEE @ 40: A JOURNEY OF SERVICE FOR EXCELLENCE

MEET THE TEAM THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER EDITORIAL BOARD CHAIRMAN EDITOR-IN-CHIEF ASSOCIATE EDITOR TECHNICAL CONSULTANT ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICER

ROLITO C. GUALVEZ KRISTIAN CARLO B. VICTORIO MARVIN H. CASEDA ALLAN C. NERVES RAMON P. AYATON

EDITORIAL STAFF EDITORIAL ASSISTANT/LAYOUT CONTRIBUTING WRITERS

CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHER CONTRIBUTING GRAPHIC ARTIST

GELYN O. LEE SHEEN IRERICK SEECKTS SHERWIN I. DELA PAZ EDWIN B. CANO ROLANDO R. QUE JR. JUSTINBERG F. BANTIGUE

PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN VICE CHAIRMAN MEMBERS

OVERSEER

ROLITO C. GUALVEZ RONALD VINCENT M. SANTIAGO CYRUS V. CANTO MARVIN H. CASEDA ALLAN C. NERVES MA. CRISTINA F. SANDOVAL ERLINDO C. TACNENG JR. KRISTIAN CARLO B. VICTORIO JOEBE B. PANHILASON

Crisis, No Problem

Plu s

Meet DOSt USec Gev

IIEE at 40 How Is It workIng wItH EEs?

Special prOtectiOn SySteM Service Safety anD HealtH at WOrk

Cirkito

&

ElEctrical SafEty Old Stories, Same Advocacy, New Battle Gears

2nd Quarter.indd 1

9/10/15 1:41 PM

Cirkito is IIEE’s advocacy poster mascot. As describes in this magazine (read Long Road to Safety), he wears proper clothes and dons right tools in working with electricity. He reminds us that “electrical safety starts with me”, word he literary wears in everyday work.

Cirkito is one of the new battle gears for our long fight for safety. PEEs, REEs, and RMEs know very well the wonders and warnings of electricity. Unfortunately, electrical safety, albeit simple it seems, is often neglected.

So once you see Circkito playing with kids, dancing with housewives and having selfie with professionals, he wants to tell you one thing: to take electrical safety seriously.

COVER PHOTO: ROLANDO R. QUE JR.

ADVERTISING AND MARKETING MARKETING SUPPORT

APPLE JUNE P. UBAY-UBAY

2015 IIEE BOARD OF GOVERNORS NATIONAL PRESIDENT VP-INTERNAL AFFAIRS VP-EXTERNAL AFFAIRS VP-TECHNICAL AFFAIRS NATIONAL SECRETARY NATIONAL TREASURER NATIONAL AUDITOR GOVERNOR-NORTHERN LUZON GOVERNOR-CENTRAL LUZON GOVERNOR-METRO MANILA GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN LUZON GOVERNOR-BICOL GOVERNOR-WESTERN VISAYAS GOVERNOR-EASTERN/CENTRAL VISAYAS GOVERNOR-NORTHERN MINDANAO GOVERNOR-SOUTHERN MINDANAO GOVERNOR-WESTERN MINDANAO EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR ASSISTANT EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR

MA. SHEILA C. CABARABAN LARRY C. CRUZ FLORIGO C. VARONA JOEBE B. PANHILASON FLORENCIO D. BERENGUEL RAMON Z. GATCHALIAN JR. NOEL T. FERNANDEZ SALVADOR B. PERALTA ROY Y. YUTUC LYNDON R. BAGUE ALBERTO R. HERRERA JR. FERNANDO R. CRUZ DANIEL C. CORCELLES WILFREDO P. CANIZARES PASTOR D. ABREGANA JOSEPH DARREN CLAIRE S. SOLICAR VICTOR P. FRIVALDO RAMON P. AYATON MARJORIE AGUINALDO-MUÑOZ

IIEE NATIONAL SECRETARIAT DEPARTMENT HEADS ADMINISTRATIVE HEAD TECHNICAL-OIC MARKETING MEMBERSHIP-OIC FINANCE-OIC

MA. ELENA U. LIONGSON ROBEE CZAR B. SO ALLEN M. PIDO ALMA C. LARCE EMEE F. SULIT

The Electrical Engineer is published quarterly by the Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE), with editorial and business office at #41 Monte de Piedad St., Cubao, Quezon City, Philippines.

Tel Nos. (632) 414-5626, Fax Nos. (632) 721-6442 & 410-1899.

Website: www.iiee.org.ph; E-mail: eemagazine@iiee.org.ph.

For an e-copy, you may visit our website, www.iiee.org.ph The present circulation of the magazine is 35,000 copies per issue to members and industry stakeholders.

VOLUME XLIV 2ND QUARTER 2 0 1 5

MISSION To deliver high-quality products and services in order to instill excellence in the electrical practitioner, and to enhance the technical profession to enable it to make positive contributions to national development.

VISION To be the best and most prestigious professional technical organization in the Philippines.

PRINTING BY:

LEXMEDIA DIGITAL The views and opinions expressed by the contributors of The Electrical Engineer magazine do not necessarily reflect the views the editors and publishers of the magazine or of Institute of Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE). IIEE and the editorial board carry no responsibility for the opinions expressed in the magazine.

Articles or visual materials may not be reproduced without written consent from the publisher. The publisher reserves the right to accept, edit, or refuse submitted materials for publication. Articles, reactions, and feedback from readers may be sent through email at eemagazine@iiee.org.ph.

FEEDBACK

I

OPINION

EE Humor “Why is it that for all the electrical materials/equipment, cables are late to be delivered on site?”

Because they are “Stranded”.

Hansel C. Magat, REE, Project HeadDasmarinas SS Projects/NGCP

12

VOLUME XLV 4th QUARTER 2014

IIEE.ORG.PH

IIEE.ORG.PH

PHOTO BY JOHANS LUCENA

VOLUME XLV 4th QUARTER 2014

T

he 4th quarter issue 2014 centered on the energy situation and related issues which raised the question- Will the Philippines be experience an energy crisis in the near future? Some quarters take it as an issue of supply-demand, others say it is a policy issue, and still others say it is an operational issue.

Yours truly see it as a mix and thus should be addressed in a more balanced and scientific way.

Leodegardo M. Pruna, Ph.D., Tarlac State University

WRITE US: We welcome your ideas, questions, and photographs.

Please send your letters to eemagazine@iiee. org.ph.

The Electrical Engineer reserves the right to edit articles for the sake of clarity, grammar, and brevity.

I

suggest a different approach when presenting our responses to politicians who will describe a shortage of power grid capacity as 300 mW, and could be projected by some (whoever they are!) to be as large as 1000 mW. As the body that represents the electrical engineering profession in our country, do we (IIEE) have enough clout to request the government that DOE update the list of active power plants each time added generation capacity is put on the grid, and inactive capacity is taken off? If we (IIEE) state our position as experts on issues pertinent to electric power generation, and support our positions with convincing numbers/ calculations, up-to-date charts, tables and graphs to emphasize our arguments, who will oppose us and put in the effort to come up with more accurate numbers and such information?

13

t’s been a long time since I’ve laid my eyes on The Electrical Engineer magazine.

I used to be a regular reader when I was an undergraduate student since my uncle, who is also an EE, had a subscription. I think the last time I saw a copy was back in 2010, and I must say that the layout of the magazine has improved a lot now.

Also, I was also able to read the latest copy via the free download in the IIEE website (By the way, the ASEAN feature was really timely and informative). I tip my hat to the entire publication team.

I believe that the magazine is a potent tool in disseminating knowledge to all the professionals and students of electrical engineering, especially now that it has gone digital.

BenJeMar F. Flores, Graduate Research Assistant, Power System Analysis and Control Laboratory Seoul National University of Science and Technology

I

appreciate the two magazines (4th-2014 & 1st-2015) that you send.

God bless and be joyful as we serve JESUS CHRIST. Hildon Val Budtan, Butuan-Agusan North Chapter

“Friends, this world is not your home, so don’t make yourselves cozy in it. Don’t indulge your ego at the expense of your soul.”

Romeo T. Calud, Balik Scientist, PEE No. 294

VI | VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

F E d i t o r ’s N o t e : The Electrical Engineer received a lengthy white paper from the author entitled ‘Improvement of the Practice of Electrical Engineering in the Philippines.’

For the interest of our readers, we are publishing it in four parts covering topics on sign and seal rights for REEs, furthering IIEE membership development, non-electrical engineers preparing electrical plans, and House Bill 4325. This is the Part 2 of 4.

Primo G. Beltran, Jr., Lead Electrical Engineer, AMEC Foster Wheeler, Oil and Gas Canada For comments, you may reach Engr. Beltran through: primo.beltran@amecfw. com

or years, there are manifestations of discontent, doubts and accusations of monopoly against the IIEE based on discussions obtained from social media groups.

The author does not make any confirmation of these manifestations and accusations; and does not intend to focus the intent of this paper to such. In the proposed House Bill (HB) 4325 draft, it was proposed to allow formation of other electrical engineering organizations aside from IIEE which will function similarly to the Institute. The author intends to provide his personal perception on the general role of IIEE instead and hope that his perception may aide further plans of improvement on IIEE’s services to its members.

established within the IIEE and IIEE professional members may elect to choose which technical society they will be member of by virtue of their technical expertise, interests and desired knowledge to be obtained.

These societies will also allow members to submit technical white papers to be published in the IIEE websites with or without cost to its members. These societies may also encourage IIEE’s current membership to actively participate in technical matters depending on their expertise and provide a form of group advisory or review to IIEE text books and references. The main point is that the IIEE membership will be dynamically active and motivated in the name of engineering practice.

While formation of other electrical engineering organizations instead of having an integrated electrical organization seems a good idea, it can lead to further disunity, confusion and uncontrolled diversity within the profession. It is always best to have one integrated electrical organization to promote unity and consistency, like a “one-stop shop” philosophy. The IIEE’s role and associated Code of Ethics are also well defined and the author does not see anything wrong as to the organization’s objectives and roles. The author “sees” IIEE’s (and PRC Board of Electrical Engineering-BEE) aim is to protect the public welfare by ensuring that only qualified, competent and licensed members are allowed to practice electrical engineering.

IIEE’s (and PRC BEE’s) role is not to influence market conditions. Therefore, IIEE should perform its functions to favor public welfare rather than public clamor and self-interests. In this regard, formation of “Technical Societies” within IIEE would be a better idea and members can select membership and participation to these societies. A good example is that of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE).

With continuing discontent and dismay by numerous electrical practitioners on the slow technical development on EE Practitioner’s career, employers and IIEE should take consideration that REEs and RMEs are individuals who has career and work satisfaction goals. RA 7920 also mandates continuous professional development (CPD) requirements.

As another means to support the technical development of the EE profession, technical societies can be

Engineering subject related to PEC interpretations may be inadequate and only limited to one semester. The author believes one semester is not sufficient to cover the entire PEC. Instructor competence to teach PEC interpretation can also be a concern. There are no locally authored books, supplementary handbooks or applications manual associated with PEC interpretation and other electrical engineering scopes, like power systems, etc. published that would supplement instruction and continuing education.

The author would like to suggest that relevant technical work on the job should also earn some CPD credits. The author deeply believes that on the relevant job learning, exposure and experience plays a huge role on the overall technical development, competence and credibility. It is on this premise that the author recommends that such relevant technical working hours should be given credit.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 | VII

EDITOR’S NOTE WONDERS AND WARNINGS You are now reading our second issue.

And as you are reading it, you are experiencing the wonders of electricity – mobile phones and tablets (in case you are reading this issue online), air conditioning, television, and the list is endless. One may wonder why such beauty and power of nature can be as bad as skin burns or worst as houses on fire. Electrical wonders also come with warnings.

To highlight the sole purpose of the EE profession – to ensure safety and health in dealing with moving electrons in a conductor – we do another retelling of the old stories of our old advocacy with, this time, new battle gears. It is truly a long road to an electrically safe community, more than presidential proclamations signed, mascots appeared and trainings conducted. What we understand is that every day is another day to be safe, do safe and think safe.

The rest in these leaves are things we think you like best to read: the giga electron volt (GEV) in shaping the minds that will shape the nation, an adventure to the everlasting power of love, and the power failure that never happened (and why is that!). The technical feature shows the application of Cooperative Game theory in the reasonable distribution of protective system service cost for generating companies.

The magazine has really changes for the last 12 months and we want to reach all members and share our good stories. Since May, we have piloted chapter distribution of the first issue of the magazine in three chapters in the country – Cebu, Davao, Cagayan. The trial has been carried out with our friends in the Membership Committee with Tina Sandoval and Roger Chua, as one of the solutions in the volume of undistributed copies of the publication.

We will continue to do the same until the fourth issue of this year and we encourage members in those three areas to connect with your chapter officers or visit your chapter office and take home with you the magazine.

For those who want to receive their magazine regularly, we encourage you to update your membership records. Details can be obtain via the Institute’s website.

Lastly, we got streams of feedbacks from our dear members – either about the refreshed image of the magazine you are currently enjoying or the topics we carefully selected for your perusal. Please keep those messages coming because we really love to hear from you, as we make the next edition of EE magazine more readable, enjoyable and worth the wait and your membership update.

SHERWIN I. DELA PAZ WRITER Sherwin is an Electrical Engineer in Manila Electric Company under the Metering Services and Asset Management Department.

His spare time involves reading tech news, conspiracy theories, and writing blogs for his fellow electrical engineers.

ROLANDO R. QUE JR. PHOTOGRAPHER Rolando is a budding street photographer. His worst electrical accident was at the age of 9, being shocked when turning on an improperly installed lighting switch.

JUSTINBERG F. BANTIGUE GRAPHICS Currently finishing his EE degree at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Justin is the former lay-out artist and editorin-chief of the Engineering Spectrum, the official student publication of PUP College of Engineering.

Another wonder: IIEE is 2015’s most outstanding accredited professional organization! Another warning: We should take the recognition seriously and keep up the good work!

Kaycee

iieephils SHEEN IRERICK SEECKTS WRITER is a creative writer and a graduate from the University of the Philippines Film Institute.

Together with her backpack, she dreams of exploring roads less-traveled to be able to share more meaningful stories to the world.

WANDERING AROUND MANILA. Me, the-man-behind-Circkito Robee So, EE magazine assistant Gelyn Lee and IIEE staff Reynaldo Carbonell Jr., in our on-shoot location along Roxas Boulevard Baywalk.

PHOTO: ROLANDO R. QUE JR.

EDWIN B. CANO WRITER is currently the Senior Engineer in New York Independent System Operator.

FROM THE OFFICE OF THE NATIONAL PRESIDENT

BY MA. SHEILA C. CABARABAN

A

midst current issues in the profession, IIEE wants nothing but for our members to be updated to what really is happening – from the management down to the membership level. This issue of the EE Magazine tours you to where we started; giving you a glimpse of our accomplishments against the targets we imposed upon ourselves.

Moving forward from where we are now, the officers of IIEE will always be committed to render selfless service to bring the Institute in the forefront of the profession.

Paving the way to Vision 2020, we present to you the Board of Governors achievements for the second quarter of this year.

Financial Growth and Sustainability. Following the recommendation of the general membership to employ a top auditing firm for the Institute’s financial statement, IIEE contracted the services of Punongbayan & Araullo, one among top five auditing firms in the country. On the other hand, only 24 percent of the budget was utilized out of the projected Php65 million expenses for 2015.

Membership Engagement and Satisfaction. As of June 2015, the Institute has 40, 695 strong members equivalent to 2.18 percent increase as compared last year. As for the target number of PEE, we already exceeded the target of 1, 930 as we already have 2, 022. Lastly, we are now in the 33.5 percent of the

80 percent target of the percentage rate of EE board passers as members.

Corporate Branding. After a courtesy call with Hon. Edita S. Bueno of NEA last April 8, the memorandum of agreement between IIEE and National Electrification Administration (NEA) was signed purposely to provide trainings and promote competency and skills development to non-licensed electricians (barangay electricians) to become Registered Master Electrician (RME). Apart from NEA, we also held courtesy visits in DOE, PRC and PEMC eyeing for continuous partnership and memorandum of agreements to bring the Institute in the forefront of the profession.

Operational Excellence and Process Innovation. Our Institute once proved that we can stand out among the rest after IIEE was awarded as the Most Outstanding Accredited Professional Organization during the PRC Awards Night held last June 18 at Manila Hotel.

Consequently, 2008 National President, Engr. Hipolito A. Leoncio was awarded as the Most Outstanding Professional in the Field of Electrical Engineering.

Program Management and Advocacy. Recognizing shared efforts and dedication of the Technical Working Group, Professional Practice Committee and Legislation and Legal Affairs Committee, the House of Representatives filed the House Bill No. 5826 “An act of strengthening the practice of Electrical Engineering in the Philippines, instituting for the purpose higher standards of regulation in the licensing

and registration of Electrical Engineers”(proposed EE bill culled from consultative hearings from chapters and regions and various stakeholders of the Institute) last June 01 as sponsored by Reps. Edgardo Rama Masongsong, Reynaldo V. Umali and Peter M. Unabia.

2.) Yours truly graced the IIEE-State of Qatar Chapter’s 2015 Midyear Convention and General Membership held last June 6, 2015 at Radisson Blu Hotel, Doha, Qatar which was attended by over 250 practitioners.

Aiming to contribute to country’s development, IIEE supported the following initiatives:

3.) The Electrical Safety Committee conducted the 2nd National Electrical Safety Summit last May 28, 2015 at Meralco Multi-Purpose Hall, Pasig City.

1.) Switch Asia Project: High Efficiency Motors (HEMS). A four-year project with the objective of increasing the deployment of more efficient electric motors and drive systems in the Philippine industries.

2.) Asia Power Quality Initiative (APQI) Philippines. Its primary objective is to raise awareness through Power Quality (PQ) seminars conducted during regional conferences.

3.) EU-ASEAN SHINE Project. It aims to increase the market share of higher efficient air-conditioner in ASEAN through harmonization of test methods and energy efficiency standards, adoption of common Minimum Energy Performance Standards, and changing consumer purchasing attitudes in favor of energy-efficient air-conditioners.

4.) Continuation of Electrical Safety Enhancement and Awareness campaign which aims to enhance the enforcement of the Philippine Electrical Code to ensure electrical safety in residential buildings, improve electrical inspector’s knowledge and skills and increase public awareness towards electrical safety. As of June, they successfully conducted the following activities:

a.) Conducted the Training the Inspectors Program last April 17-18, 2015 at Oasis Hotel, San Fernando, La Union.

b.) Initiated a unity walk around Greenhills Shopping Center, a kick-off activity for the celebration of Electrical Safety Month last May 2, 2015 with 80 participants.

On our way to Vision 2020, the Institute upholds the following activities: 1.) IIEE, being represented by the VP for Technical Affairs, Engr. Florigo C. Varona attended the Bureau of Philippine Standards 1st National Standardization Strategy Workshop last May 13, 2015 in Makati City.

Guided by our unceasing pursuit for excellence, IIEE brings innovative technological developments and professional challenges to the forefront of practitioners through the following conferences and convention: 1.) 19th Northern Mindanao Regional Conference held last April 10-11, 2015 at Limketkai Luxe Hotel, Cagayan de Oro City which was graced by over 300 delegates.

2.) 15th Eastern/Central Visayas Regional Conference held at Hotel Essencia, Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental last April 24-25, 2015 with over 100 delegates 3.) 2015 National Midyear Convention hosted by Davao Chapter held last May 22-23, 2015 at SMX Convention Center, SM Lanang Premiere, Davao City which was graced by 751 delegates 4.) 17th Western Visayas Regional Conference held on June 17-18, 2015 at Bacolod Planta Hotel & Residences, Bacolod City, Negros Occidental with over 250 delegates.

5.) 16th Southern Luzon Regional Conference held on June 26-27, 2015 at Batis Aramin Resort & Hotel, Lucban, Quezon which was graced by over 250 delegates For the sake of transparency, we present the attendance of the 2015 Board of Governors on Regular Board Meetings from January to June 2015.

For the months of January and February, the Board has 100 percent attendance while only 94 percent of the total members or 17 out of 18 members attended the meeting last March.

Lastly, 16 out of 18 members attended the 4th, 5th and 6th Regular Board Meetings equivalent to 88 percent of the total attendance.

WHAT'S THE NEWS

PETILLA, DUTERTE GRACE DAVAO MID-YEAR CONFAB Meanwhile, the Davao City mayor got away with the usual praises and challenges to the attendees and described the national issues, such as the Bangsamoro Basic Law, federalism movements, etc., as “a convoluted thing”.

Petilla

Duterte

Mahipus

Department of Energy Secretary Jericho Petilla, Davao City Mayor Rodrigo Duterte with Davao City Councilor Diosdado Mahipus are some of the personage who graced 800 EE professionals during the IIEE National Midyear Convention hosted by Davao Chapter on May 21-23 at SM Lanang Premiere, SMX Convention, Davao City.

Petilla, in his speech, emphasized the importance of market-driven industry. “Gone are the days when the government builds the plant. We also buy electricity before, now, it’s market-driven,” the DOE Secretary said. “[Marketing-driven industry] can only succeed if there is transparency,” he noted.

Further, Petilla challenged the PEEs, REEs, RMEs and other guests: “To be effective, you (EE professionals) have to go beyond what you are right now. And probably to be effective, as electrical engineers (and electricians)… really should go beyond just your profession.”

In his closing remakrs, Mahipus encourage the participation of Filipino electrical engineering practitioners in 2015 ASEAN integration. “There will come a time that EEs will be allowed to work within the ASEAN countries. Sooner, EEs will be competing with other EEs in ASEAN,” Mahipus underscored.

The Davao councilor added that the challenge for the profession lies on the preparation. “Filipino electrical practitioners might be left out. Someday, they might not appreciate the lack of electrical engineers in our country and this will compel to bring in engineers coming from the participating countries in ASEAN integration.”

It is the second time that Davao hosted the Midyear EE professionals gathering. The conference also featured the celebration of the National Electrical Safety Month.

YOLANDA SURVIVOR TOPS APRIL 2015 REE EXAMS “When we were hit by super typhoon Yolanda in Leyte, I was so devastated. I lost sight of my dreams and wanted to hasten things up, seek a job to help my family and thought of giving up college.”

Good for Prince Gyl Dimpas to pursue his dreams to become an engineer, and has raised into the occasion to the top examinee in the April 2015 REE Licensure Examinations. He also placed 8th in the RME board exams.

A graduate of Eastern Visayas State University, the 22-yeal-old Dimpas confessed that he “don’t believe in forever” but trusts “in destiny, in God’s will.” In his speech, he congratulated fellow topnotchers as well as board passers, especially “those who garnered an average of 70 percent, take (sic) [the exam] two, three times and so on. It is not how many times you fail but on the number of times you pick up the pieces and move on.”

“You too should deserve a medal,” he jested before a cheering crowd.

Drilon encourages the new EE practitioners to serve the country.

PHOTO COURTESY OF JOSEPH VIDAL

Dimpas is one of the new 49 PEEs, 884 REEs and 1,134 RMEs who took their oath before the Board of Electrical Engineers and Professional Regulations Commission officials at the Philippine International Convention Center last June 5.

Senate President Franklin Drilon graced the ceremony. In this speech, he emphasized the “crucial role” of the EE profession in nation building and encouraged the new professionals to serve the country at their best.

12 | VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

IIEE IS 2015 PRC’S MOAPO

LEONCIO NAMED OUTSTANDING PROFESSIONAL MOAPO AGAIN. IIEE National President Cabaraban pose- (from the left) with PTC registrar Romulo Agatep, former IIEE 2009 President Arthur Escalante, former BEE Chair Rodolfo Peñalosa, IIEE VP External Affairs Florigo Varona, IIEE Immediate Past President Alex Cabugao (holding the PRC trophy), BEE member Jaime Mendoza, BEcE member Enrico Delmoro and IIEE 2013 President Greg Cayetano during the ceremony hosted by PRC.

IIEE continues to show excellence in the professional endeavor as it bagged the Most Outstanding Accredited Professional Organization (MOAPO) of the Professional Regulatory Commission (PRC).

It was in the year 2004 when the IIEE first acclaimed as MOAPO. The MOAPO Award is the recognition given to Accredited Professional Organizations that demonstrates distinguished achievements, services and corporate responsibility.

Engr. Ma. Sheila C. Cabaraban, 2015 IIEE National President, attended the awarding ceremony in Manila Hotel on June 18 and received the award on behalf of IIEE community.

On the other hand, Engr. Hipolito A. Leoncio received the Outstanding Professional of the Year award for his notable contributions and services to fellow electrical practitioners, the profession and the nation.

Leoncio

MID-YEAR CONVENTION

QATAR CHAPTER HOSTS 252 DELEGATES

The EEs in Doha have successfully held its 2015 Mid-year Convention and General Membership Meeting on June 5 at the Regency Halls, D-ring Road, Al Hilal, Doha Qatar. The organization, headed by the incumbent IIEE-State of Qatar Chapter President Arnulfo D. Surigao with the convention Chairman Marlito G. Dela Cruz conveyed its appreciation and gratitude to the 252 attendees of the event.

The new Philippine Ambassador to Qatar, Wilfredo C. Santos, stressed in his keynote speech the enthusiastic service for the Filipino community and the development of Philippine Embassy offices and systematic process improvement.

Interesting topics were discussed during the convention. These includes: “Lighting Solutions” delivered by the Technical Representative of Architectural Moonlight Solutions Qatar (AMSQ),

“KAHRAMAA Distribution Substation”, Engineer Mario Solang, PEE, “Use of Testing Equipment”, Prompt Qatar, “Gas Turbine, Process and Control”

by Engr. Enrique I, Flores, of Qatar International Power Technology and “Financial Planning for OFW’s, Ms. Marie Ann Anduyon, president of Overseas Filipino Investors and Entrepreneurs Movement (OFIEM).

This event was aimed to upgrade the technical competence of the members of IIEE-SQC to become globally competitive and realize their full potentials. This also fosters the camaraderie of the strong 700 plus members of the Institute here in Qatar and to promote the organization’s advocacy regarding its mission and vision to be the most prestigious and best professional organization.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 | 13

WHAT'S THE NEWS

A WALK TOWARDS ELECTRICAL SAFETY

A throng of red wearing IIEE members & Barangay Addition Hills residents march to support electrical safety campaign.

It was only a two-block walk, which took only a few minutes, but the IIEE Electrical Safety Committee geared this as a first step towards achieving an electrically safe Philippine environment.

off activity for the month-long celebration of the “Electrical Safety Month” festivities arranged by the IIEE National office with the cooperation of all IIEE chapters nationwide.

About less than a hundred participants trooped to the Greenhills Shopping Center last May 2 to support the “Unity Walk for Electrical Safety”, where they hiked the Mall’s perimeter twice beneath a hot and sunny mid-morning.

The event served as a kick-

“We want people to realize that electrical safety at home should not be ignored. It is our objective to have them realize that electrical safety should start with them,” said Engr. Leoncio, chairman of the committee.

CSC YIELDS NEW BREED OF STUDENT LEADERS For the past 28 years, IIEE student its 29th batch of officers right after arm Council of Student Chapters the Summer Workshop 2015, on continuously honing young leaders May 15-17 at Mulingbayan Resort, from different EE schools in the Nasugbu, Batangas. Aside from the country towards efficient, national Council in Manila, CSC effective and sustainable has regional groups (the same et Me ways to better serve their with IIEE’s) and, as of last w Ne the fellow EE (and now EET) year, has 79affiliate schools C CS l Nationa students. Just recently, and more than 11,000 s er Offic ≈ the Council gave way to student members nationwide.

Marbie Ray Tupaz: Exec. Auditor

Arnie Alzaga: Exec.

Treasurer

Reginald Marrion Dandrift Villaruel: Jun Jayc Arnel Figueroa : Exec.

Vices: her riña Christop Masca Exec. ViceFormanes: Exec. Merry Ann Chairman, Chairman, Technical Exec. ViceChairman Echon: External Affairs Exec.

Chairman, Affairs Secretary Internal Affairs

Updates

2 EE BILL INTRODUCES INDUSTRIAL, LINE ELECTRICIANS ND

Following the legislative efforts to institute higher standards of professionals in the country, another House bill has been introduced to regulate the practice, licensing and registration of EEs. House Bill 5826, filed by Representatives Edgardo Masongsong, Reynaldo Umali and Peter Unabia offers “comprehensive definition of terms surrounding the profession,” they said in the explanatory note submitted June 02. According to them, this will “clear ambiguity of scopes, coverage of practice, specific systems or process… and to eliminate misinterpretations.”

The bill also introduces board examinations that both covers theories and applications, wider and detailed coverage of EE practice that includes “purposive characterization on who are authorized to teach” and the practice of foreign professionals.

Further, the proposed EE bill seeks improved qualifications for the members of the Board of Electrical Engineering, the authority of EE practice in the Philippines, as well as of the professionals.

Aside from this, the bill identifies two electrician practitioners – registered industrial electrician and registered line electrician. Both electricians has specific charges in different places of work, as explained in detail in the bill. The bill can be read from the House of Representatives (HOR) and IIEE websites.

Prior to this, Representative Carlos Padilla filed House Bill 4325 on April 29, offering different measure for higher standards in EE profession. Padilla’s bill intends to integrate PEEs, REEs, and RMEs into a licensed electrical engineering. His bill can also be viewed in the HOR website.

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COVER STORY

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l

ong Road to Safety Old Stories, Same Advocacy, New Battle Gears

WORDS:

SHERWIN IMPERIAL DELA PAZ

PHOTOGRAPHY: ROLANDO

W

orking with electricity poses plenty of risks for engineers, electricians and other laborers whose crafts are directly related with energized particles. From those who are working on overhead lines, circuit mustering, and electrical installations, the dangers of electric energy exempts almost nobody, even office workers, fishermen, farmers, and construction workers.

More so, individuals who are working indirectly with electricity may also be struck by such fearsome force.

Learning from the past incidents related to electricity is critical so that workers, and their families can be spared from possible loss and the distress from financial and property damages. Electrical-related accidents usually trigger a chain of unbearable results such as damaged equipment, time off work, cost for staff replacement, and other legal costs.

Observing electrical safety precautions devotedly will dramatically reduce these instances from happening.

Current effects

Electric current affects human body as it passes through. The hostile effect will be openly related to the concentration of current, the path that current takes through the body, and the length of time the body is exposed to it.

You may have previously gone through some form of aching electric shock. The pain and

R. QUE JR.

trauma caused by an electric shock varies depending on the amount of static electricity build up passing through the body. If the person is lucky enough, only jolts of pain or tickling sensation may be felt. Things get more serious than just feeling a little bit of pain especially when you work around circuits which are capable of supplying high-powered loads.

Any resistance opposing the flow of conducted electric current results in a dissipation of energy often in the form of heat. Current makes living tissue heat up and may cause serious burns to the body. Physiologically speaking, it can be compared to the damage caused by an open flame or other high temperature source of heat. The only difference is, electricity is capable of burning tissue underneath your skin and can even burn the internal organs. That’s how frightening being involved in an electrical related accident can be.

Another serious effect of electricity in humans is its hostile effect to the nervous system.

Neurons or nerve cells transmit electric signals, which enable our body to function appropriately. Our sensory organs, brain, and spinal cord function together in able for us to move, sense, think and react. A sufficient amount of electric current that enters the body may override the electrical impulses in the neurons and prevent internal signals responsible of making our muscles actuate.

Once an electric shock triggers the muscles, it will contract involuntarily leaving the victim helpless.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 | 17

Closed fist

The problem gets worse when the victim is firmly grasping the live wire with his or her fingers clenched into a closed fist. The victim will then be completely in good contact with the wire and involuntary muscle contraction will disable him from letting go of the wire until the current flowing through the victim is stopped.

However, even if the electricity flow is stopped, low currents can still disrupt nerve signals which may cause the heart to beat and function irregularly. Whenever fibrillation occurs, the pumping of blood to the vital organs in the body gets interrupted and the victim may end up suffering and in due course die from asphyxiation or cardiac arrest.

Statistics shows that more than half of the electrocution cases were caused by direct or indirect contact with live electrical equipment and wiring, junction boxes, circuit breakers, control panels, transformers and lighting fixtures. Countless of studies points poor protection of exposed current carrying materials, unprotected and truncated electrical wires, and replacement of burnt out fuses are some of the most common unsafe conditions which may trigger accidents. Such untoward incidents could have been avoided had electrical workers were given sufficient trainings, and if only proper lockout/ tag out and wearing of proper personal protective equipment have been practiced.

Heroic act

Falls and other accidents

Falls are considered as the second most common electrical-related accident according to some research.

Serious injury and death awaits those electrical workers who fail to observe proper safety procedures while working close to an overhead electricity lines. Vehicles being driven into electricity lines, or part of the vehicle being raised to them such as ladders, cranes and other tools can result to serious accidents.

Other more common accidents include falling of construction materials or presence in hollow trenches and excavation works where a person might strike a buried power line. Though it is quite problematic to identify the voltage of overhead lines, it would still be safer to assume that these are energized and hazardous whenever you are working near them and that corresponding safety measures should always be observed.

An electrical accident as luck would have it, doesn’t always send its victims on a deathbed. There are also a number of non-fatal electrical injuries that happens mostly in construction sites like contact with wirings, transformers or other low voltage tools, equipment and appliances. Back injuries may result from lifting heavy cables the wrong way. Some of the minor injuries which is usually obtained from electrical related accidents include scrapes, slip, incision, knee injuries, shoulder injuries, strains, sprains and cuts.

! {Electrical Safety} Simple but often neglected. ~

Additional causes, simple but often neglected, of electrical-related accidents include failure to identify known hazards and to remind employees about it; setting aside safety instructions on-site, and the misconception among some electrical practitioners that they are expected to courageously work on energized equipment and put their lives on the line nobly because that’s the nature of their job and that the customers expect a lot from them in hastily restoring the power supply and minimizing the downtime.

Furthermore, electrical injuries occur when the employer and employees are not willing to embrace safety as both a personal and company value and commitment. May it be ordered by the management or not, accidents often occur when workers doing what is easy than what is right in their belief that they are helping the company significantly in showing efficiency and proving quick response whenever a problem takes place.

These electrical incidents rarely happen on places where experienced (and trained) electrical practitioners are working as they already understand the dangers of working in this area, hence necessary precautions were constantly applied.

Higher grounds

IIEE, for the longest time, has been advocating highest standards on electrical safety. Through the project Electrical Safety Enforcement and Awareness campaign, IIEE has been able to provide better platforms in bringing safe energy use in the every household, office and institutional building and business in the country.

Elevating electrical safety in the Philippines to the higher grounds, IIEE and the Manila Electric Company (Meralco) took the initiative to form a yearly gathering where electrical practitioners and safety advocates exchange ideas on the current and future challenges and issues of electrical safety. The 2nd National Sub-standard products and tools being used by some Electrical Safety Summit was held on May 28 at the electrical practitioners can also be considered as the Meralco Multipurpose Hall with the theme: “Now and culprit. Often times when practitioners use these new, into the Future of Electrical Safety”, with 250 leaders affordable yet below-quality products to perform jobs from construction industry, property development, proficiently but occasionally end up with cuts and finger facilities management, transportation, policy-making injuries. and law enforcement.

18 | VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

YOU SPEAK!

As an Electrical Engineering Practitioner, how do you personally advocate electrical safety?

ESEA Brigada Eskwela Campaign

Barangay Seminars in every IIEE region

ESEA and Cirkito: IIEE’s Advocacy Reloaded

"Safety First" It is must! As an example, before we drive our cars, there is need to check the Ask an EE professional, whether he or she is a PEE, REE or RME, they brakes, lights, oil, water etc.to be will tell you exactly the same thing: electrical engineering, the profession, safe. We, electrical practitioners is about safety – households, schools, offices, government building, must be very careful in the manufacturing industries. It is in our blood. It is in our genes. preparation of the plans, designs, estimates etc. for any To renew this lifelong commitment towards an electrical safe community, project, following and using IIEE, in behalf of its 15,000 members partnered with the International Copper the approved standards that Association to elevate this advocacy on higher level. Thus, the Electrical Safety all electrical system adheres, Enforcement and Awareness program has been launched on May 2011. On the the fundamentals laws and following month, President Benigno Aquino signed the Proclamation No. 193 its development. We must declaring May as the Electrical Safety Month. be using the specific type of apparatus and materials.

With ESEA, IIEE reaffirm its goal to lead “the public towards an electrically safe We must ensure that we environment.” This will be enforce through (1) the effective implementation of the are hiring well-trained and Philippine Electrical Code, (2) capacity building for local engineering inspectors, (3) competent personnel intensified electrical safety campaign, and (4) strengthen institutional cooperation in the installation among national government agencies, local government units, and industry and operation and stakeholders – developers, contractors association, trade organizations, etc. we must adhere to the recommended Cirkito, the official ESEA mascot, emulates a safety-conscious electrical worker: annual and/or other wearing well-groomed pants, long-sleeved polo jacket, high-quality gloves, safety maintenance standards shoes and hard hat, sporting proper tools for right kind of job. The mascot toured and regular check up. around the country, dancing with kids and housewives, posing with guest, and amusing practitioners while promoting electrical safety along the way.

Alejandro Algodon, Former VP, Cagayan Electric Power and Light Company, Cagayan de Oro

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 | 19

The summit is the culmination of the annual Electrical Safety Month of May, as declared by Pres. Benigno Aquino III under Presidential Proclamation 193.

Ronnie Aperocho, Meralco networks head highlights safety as “religion in Meralco”. He furthered the Meralco’s ICE safety strategy – Inspection, Communication, and Engineering, wherein all facilities are inspected thoroughly for line hazards. Once identified, these hazards are being communicated through various stakeholders. Proactively, engineering solutions like line configuration, relocation of the facilities, and installation of protective covers are readily available should the need comes up.

In the same forum, Aseana Holdings Dir. Rodel Mallari accentuates the tendency of every person to overlook safety practices resulting to undesirable events. “We are faced with many challenges that seems to boil down to our longstanding neglect, disregard how decisions and a lack of commitment on the appellation of safety”, Mallari stresses.

MALLARI: "WE ARE FACED WITH MANY CHALLENGES THAT SEEMS TO BOIL DOWN TO OUR LONGSTANDING NEGLECT, DISREGARD HOW DECISIONS AND A LACK OF COMMITMENT ON THE APPELLATION OF SAFETY." According to Mallari, electric train woes could have been prevented with the utmost consideration of passengers’ safety through preventive maintenance of railway systems and its peripherals.

Fire and electricity

With emphasis on fire incidents due to electricity, Senior Fire Inspector Anthony Arroyo of the Bureau of Fire shares on the same forum that electrical-related fire accidents for the first quarter of this year is about a third of last year’s record.

Arroyo explains that fire accidents as of the first parts of 2015 cost of more than of Php 963 million, whether cause by electrical appliances, connections, machineries or other causes. This is relatively a fraction of the total loss of almost Php 3.3 billion due to fire incidents last year.

With this, Arroyo reminds attendees that in a burning structure, “There is no other side but outside.” He disputes long time misconceptions of saving oneself in bathroom, once trapped in a burning building.

The Aseana Holdings director connects safety negligence with “enduring problem of on power shortage, the rising incidents of construction and fire related accidents, the ballooning statistics of low mishaps and the daily MRT breakdowns and accidents.”

ARROYO: "ONE OF OUR MISCONCEPTIONS IS THAT MOST OF US GO TO CONGESTED PLACE LIKE BATHROOM IN A BURNING STRUCTURE; WE THOUGHT THAT THE WATER MIGHT SAVE OUR LIVES." 20 | VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

K-LIGTAS AWARDS COMMITTEE, WHOSE MEMBERS HAIL FROM THE GOVERNMENT, ACADEME, INDUSTRY AND PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION, WILL EVALUATE NOMINEES FROM CONSTRUCTION, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES, COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL CORPORATIONS FOR THEIR NOTABLE SAFETY PRACTICES AND PERFORMANCE.

“We thought the water might save our lives”, he says in jest, yet puts further that the universal solvent boils at temperature lower than a burning structure.

Best practices

Also during the summit, Meralco launches the Kuryente Ligtas Awards to recognize exemplary companies antd institutions for their significant contribution to the nurturing of an electrically safe community and workplace. Together with Meralco Pres. Oscar Reyes, the awards committee composed of Vice Pres. Atoy Leynes, Efren Domingo and Euguene Araullo, IIEE Safety Committee Chair Hipolito Leoncio, Occupation Safety and Health Center’s Jose Maria Batino, Board of Electrical Engineering member Francis Mapile, University of the Philippines’ Allan Nerves and Miranda were introduced.

Categories for the award will include sectors of construction, small-to-medium enterprises, commercial and industrial corporations, local government units and academic institutions. Awarding ceremonies will be held in 2017.

Transformation doesn’t take an overnight. Same goes with the goal of an electrical-hazard free household and workplace. For Mallari, “In order to drive a successful safety culture, it must be spearheaded by the top leaders and participated in by employees and stakeholders at all levels of the organization.”

Long road may it seems, we can always count on the public and the private sector to contribute and fulfill their respective obligations to promote and foster an accident-free society. After all, as the Man of 20th Century Albert Einstein puts: “Concern for man himself and his safety must always for the chief interest of all technical endeavors”. So as for all electrical engineers and electricians.

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IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 | 21

Travel

1

DAVAO WILL LEAD THE WAY

I

f the will is strong enough, it will find its own way. Business travels or work-related trips are always tight on schedule and may only include one rest day or none at all. But traveling to a city like Davao, with all the metropolitan sheen all over it and upon seeing its vast greeneries from the plane ride, a true traveler would definitely set his or her goal.

Official business focuses on the city proper. But the adventurer will not be able to resist the temptation and will eventually sneak out. He or she can definitely find a way to escape work through the urban forests of Davao. And if one is keen enough, one could even find a natural wonder that is three hours away from the bustling streets of the metro.

A FRESH BUSINESS BREW At the end of a busy day, business functions introduced within the day can eventually lead to more fruitful professional conversations, when served with good coffee.

A coffee place located at Prime Square, F. Torres Street, offers homegrown Davao blends for caffeine enthusiasts. The name of the place is said to come from the purest and most raw form of coffee, the green coffee beans. They boast of freshness that comes from the owner’s farm in Davao Oriental.

They serve special Davao flavors for their hot drinks, freeziccinos, fruit teas and pastries. Some of their specialties are the Durian n’ Coffee Freeziccino and the

Words & photos • SHEEN IRERICK SEECKTS

Blueberry Ensaymada. They also have a Mango Passion Fruit Freeziccino and a no-bake Oreo cheesecake.

A PREMIERE VENUE Looking for good places to bring your client for meetings? SM Lanang Premier, which claims to be the largest and only “premiere” SM mall in Mindanao, has a lot of elegant and fine-dining restaurants that can instantly make first impressions last.

SM Lanang is also proud of its Al fresco dining set-up at the back of the mall.

Davao is also one of the few areas to house the prestigious SMX Convention Center. Nationwide gatherings are being held at the venue, just like the Midyear Convention of the Institute of the Integrated Electrical Engineers of the Philippines, Inc. (IIEE).

SEAFOOD TREAT After a few days of intensive business negotiations, closed deals call for a royal celebration.

And the best way to celebrate is with a luscious serving of crabs and shrimps. There’s a restaurant in J.P. Laurel Avenue which offers the freshest and tastiest crustaceans from the deepest seas of Davao. Here, utensils is not the work because crabs and shrimps sure are best enjoyed using one’s hands. All tables are also converted to one big boodle fight once the order is served. Some of the famous viands are the Buttered Cereal Shrimp, the Garlic Crabs and the Boiled Mussels.

22 | VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

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4

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And to make each visit to the restaurant more personal, they encourage guests to write a message on any existing surface inside the restaurant. That is if one will be able to find an empty spot.

The walls and furniture are now filled with overflowing dedications from what looked like satisfied customers.

A HIDDEN GEM Now that official matters are now secured, the authentic get-away will not hurt that much and surely is a perfect reward fotr the hardworker.

The Epol Falls of Marilog District is situated about 75 kilometers away from the noise of the city. And the way is to be revealed only to those who have the strongest will.

HOW TO LOVE DAVAO MORE? Let yourself count the ways: 1 Epol Falls (stands for Everlasting Power of Love, seriously!) is truly a secret jewel at the heart of Marilog forest; 2 Davao’s finest coffee being served 24/7; 3 Write all you can inside a seafood restaurant; 4 The makeshift stairs towards the power of love; 5 A specie of yellow bell plant hiding in Marilog forest; and 6 Marking the entrance to a calming adventure. window become lesser and lesser. The first hour of the trip is a showcase of the areas north-west of Davao City. There are the districts of Talomo, Baguio, and Calinan.

And as the bus reaches Marilog District, the lush green valleys are truly snapshots from one’s favorite epic movie. The wind is also a constant chill as the bus traverse the Bukidnon-Davao Highway, so air-conditioning actually is a form of luxury.

Air-conditioned buses from Davao Ecoland Terminal going to “CagayanBuda” show the way to the visitors. But if one is really aching for an authentic countryside feel, ordinary buses provide an alternative experience and a cheaper fare as well.

Chickens are cooing on one corner inside the bus, while a bunch of live crabs are warming up their pincers on the other. Sacks of cotton are lying on the aisle because the luggage bin at the bottom of the bus is already full.

Vendors roam around the bus selling durian and mangosteen candies. The Bisayan language becomes music to every visitor’s ear sitting among the Davaoenos.

As one goes further and further from the terminal, the establishments outside the

6

After almost three hours of relaxing sceneries, the drop-off point finally comes at Purok 9, Sitio Bagong Silang, Brgy. Baganihan. A signage bearing the words, "Epol Mountain Resort" marks the entrance to the waterfalls.

Contrary to what the word "resort" means, the place is totally free of commercialization. Asking for very minimal fees upon entry, the trail is a live exhibit of some of Davao’s finest flora and fauna. Butterflies and other insects of different hues accompany visitors as they glide through the beautifullysculptured trees.

The falls is a thirty-minute walk from the highway. There are also makeshift cottages in the area to provide some shelter for big groups enjoying the natural offering of Epol Falls.

The water is so transparent and clear that one can completely see anything through it. The water also adapts the cold Marilog climate, making the place a refreshing pool in hot summer afternoons.

cd IIEE has an active chapter in Davao. Connect with members in the city and nearby places with Davao Chapter President, Floyd Gamad (fgamad@ aboitiz.com) or visit the chapter office: A. Mabini St., Davao City.

(T – 082-232-9600) (davaoiiee@yahoo.com)

The flow of the water from the falls is said to be really strong before but have died down a little because of the El Nino phenomenon from the past years.

Truly, once a person sets his whole mind and soul to a certain goal, no matter how busy he or she can be, the way will unfold by itself. And if Davao senses that strong will from the hearts of the tourists, it will surely give back and show them the way towards the true sheen of this crown jewel of Mindanao.

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FEATURE

SO WHERE IS THE POWER FAILURE? ELECTRIC POWER IS NOW AN INDISPENSABLE PART OF OUR MODERN DAY LIFE. EVERYWHERE WE GO AND IN EVERYTHING WE DO, ONE CANNOT DENY THE FACT THAT WE ARE VERY MUCH DEPENDENT ON ELECTRICITY. THUS, WHEN THE ENERGY DEPARTMENT ANNOUNCED AN IMPENDING POWER CRISIS IN 2015, WELL, EVERYONE WERE UP IN THEIR TOES. THE ELECTRICAL ENGINEER, TOOK THE OPPORTUNITY TO COLLECT AS TWO INDUSTRY LEADERS— PHILIPPINE"S DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AND POWER GIANT MANILA ELECTRIC COMPANY ON THE POWER CRISIS THAT NEVER WAS.

Summer season is about to pass and as predicted last year, our country will experience insufficient power supply. Does it happen? What areas are affected? Is it good or bad?

DOE: DOE projected insufficient power supply in Luzon during the summer period of 2015 due to the following reasons: • Delayed commercial operation of committed power projects; • Forced outages (FOs) were considered in the supply-demand outlook based on 2014 data. It was observed that the 2014 FOs were significantly higher than the previous years; • Limited capacity of Ilijan natural gas power plants due to the technical limitations in using liquid fuel during the Malampaya Turnaround from 15 March to 13 April 2015; and • Hydroelectric power plants were expected to have low output with the PAG-ASA forecasts of possible mild El Niño Phenomenon in 2015.

The expected supply shortage did not happen due to the following reasons: • Actual demand was lower than the forecasts during the critical period starting March 2015 and compared to the demand in the past years. This is due to the delayed summer period and colder temperature in March. Temperature just started to increases after the holy week from 26 March – 3 April 2015; • Available capacity of hydro power plants were relatively high compared to the same period in previous years; • Actual forced outages during the summer period were also low compared to the projection; and • Intensified information dissemination of the energy efficiency and energy conservation program of DOE. MERALCO: During the latter part of year 2014, the DOE warned the public of possible electric power supply deficiency particularly during the summer months of year 2015. However, the DOE subsequently released data showing that the supposed energy crisis is not as bad as projected and that the additional electric capacity needed are only to ensure the amount of

electric capacity reserves. Now, as we look back at the summer months of 2015, the meralco customers did not experience any rotating brownout in any day during the period. In fact, there was never an incident of power outage during the months of March, April and May attributable to a shortage in electric power capacity. Although the actual power supply situation during the 2015 summer months is not quite consistent with the projections of the DOE, it is good to note that the warnings issued by the Department resulted in workable preparations by the stakeholders in the electric power industry to ensure the availability and reliability of electricity to our consumers and the general public especially during critical periods.

What causes these power failures to happen? (Eg. power plant shutdown etc.)

DOE: Power plants normally experience trouble within its facility. Most of the time, the power plant-related trouble leads to forced outage or sudden shutdown of the plant. Aside from forced outage, power plants also conduct planned maintenance which needs the generating facility to be out for a certain period to do some repair and maintenance to prevent/mitigate occurrence of forced outages.

The actual forced outages of power plants in Luzon during the 2015 summer period was less than the projections.

MERALCO: Power failures happen due to a number of reasons that could be categorized under two major groups – transmission and generation. For transmission, power failures occur when a critical transmission link that services the power flow within the power grid trips out. On the other hand, generation power failures occur when a generator of substantial capacity breaks down.

In both cases the protection system of the power grid would sense either a rise or drop in system frequency or an overloading of a power facility and actuate accordingly to normalize the situation by automatically tripping out load feeders or generators. There are also times that the involved power facility is so critical that its failure results in cascading outages of other power facilities leading to a grid-wide system blackout.

24 | VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

Do you think this will change if the Congress has granted the executive powers?

DOE: Both houses, the Senate and Congress, have their respective revisions which were not in accordance to the recommended solution for the President to be able to execute them in accordance to Section 71 of Electric Power Industry Reform Act of 2001 (EPIRA). Fortunately, there was adequate supply during the Malampaya Turnaround and the rest of the summer period to meet the demand thus the electricity consumers were spared from the paying of associated costs of the government putting additional capacity or making use of the Interruptible Load Program (ILP).

MERALCO: The emergency powers or the House Joint Resolution No. 21 that authorizes His Excellency Benigno S. Aquino III, to provide for the establishment of additional generating capacity to effectively address the Projected electricity shortage in the Luzon Grid on March 1, 2015 to July 31, 2015� was actually passed by the House of Representatives despite strong opposition from its minority. However, it was not implemented because it was stalled at the Senate. Considering what happened last summer when power supply was actually adequate to meet the demand, it seems that this resolution was not necessary. However, if there actually was a supply shortage last summer, this House Joint Resolution could have been a huge short-term solution to minimize, if not avoid, the occurrence of rotating brownouts. This would have saved the public from consequential pain and discomfort and even the big industries from costly business interruptions. Also, for its part, meralco has been supporting the DOE’s ILP, coordinating closely with all stakeholders by conducting dry-run activities with industry participants and pushing energy efficiency initiatives in the offices and with the consumers.

With the increasing demand for electric power, it is expected that this can happen again, maybe next year or so. What can be done in order for us to overcome this learning curve?

DOE: DOE will continue to do its mandate to closely monitor the development of committed power projects which can put up additional capacity to Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao grids. It is also the role of the DOE to facilitate and assist the proponents to ensure the timely completion of the power projects.

DOE is also updating the Power Development Plan (PDP) up to 2030 which serves as guide to the government and private sector as to when additional capacity are needed to meet the projected demand.

Based on the latest PDP, it is foreseen that increasing demand in Luzon will be supplied with the committed capacities to be online by 2015-2016. For the long-term, the DOE has issued policies that will ensure that the distribution utilities will contract their requirement at the least cost through competitive selection process. It is also prescribed that the Power Supply Agreement shall have provisions for maximum FOs, penalties if power plants are not completed on time, among others.

For the existing power plants, DOE, in coordination of NGCP as system operator, will likewise continue to closely monitor the planned maintenance of plants especially the large ones that can majorly affect the grid if ever they went out. If it will be foreseen that there

will be shortage, DOE and NGCP will ask the plant operators to make the necessary adjustments on the planned maintenance. Another policy initiative being studied is the demand response programs, aside from ILP, that will taper the demand from the supply being sourced from the grid.

MERALCO: Since the power crisis in the early 90s, the stakeholders of the electric power industry have been very careful and watchful not to plunge the country again into darkness. The DOE and the NGCP are closely coordinating with the power sector stakeholders, crafting the annual PDP and the Transmission Development Plan (TDP) which details the planning aspects of the power industry. These include, among others, the electricity demand forecasts, the planned projects for electric power generating plants, and the transmission line and substation development projects for the whole Philippines. Also, the planning horizon adopted for these projections extend from 10 to 20 years in the future which makes identifying potential power supply deficiencies well ahead of time. As such, this gives the stakeholders enough leeway to plan, develop and construct the necessary power facilities that would mitigate such power supply deficiencies, if any.

And as EE practitioners, what should we do to reinforce these actions in securing our stable supply of energy in the future?

DOE: EEs are very essential in the electric power industry. They can provide their expertise in the three sectors of the industry: generation, transmission and distribution. Even on the load side, EE who are assigned as building administrator are expected to manage their loads and install energy efficient equipment.

EE practitioners should also expand their knowledge and upgrade their skills, pursuant to the Board of Electrical Engineering Code of Ethics Article 1 Section 3, by involving themselves to conferences and workshops on the latest trends of power system reliability, energy efficiency and demand side management since they are the one managing and operating the power sector and implement these knowledge in their respective area of influence in the power industry.

MERALCO: It is apparent that substantial efforts are already being done by the power industry participants in assuring the availability, reliability and affordability of electricity to our consumers. One approach to consider could be the thrust to self-reliance in power supply. The entry of new and renewable power sources, particularly the solar and wind power could be constructed in smaller scales to power individual residential structures.

And to further improve the operation of such renewable power sources, our EE practitioners should work on developing cheap, megawatt-size batteries that would make solar and wind power resources economically viable 24/7 sources of electricity. Another approach could be the discovery of new materials that conduct electric current with lesser loss and greater capacity.

This could improve the reliability of the power grid by increasing transmission flows without constructing additional transmission lines and towers. In terms of the operation of our existing power systems, there are also initiatives on the development of smart systems that would handle the complicated processes of fault mitigation, load switching, power flow optimization and load restoration.

SPECIAL FEATURE: IIEE@40

WORKING FOR THE TITAN

TACKY, ALMA AND MON AND TH CAREER IN IIEE SECRETARIAT

They say that no man is an island. Same goes for EE working for and with PEEs, REEs and RMEs. We asked miliar faces in the Institute’s Secretariat on wh HOW LONG HAVE YOU BEEN WORKING FOR THE INSTITUTE? Tacky: 24 years.

Alma: 2004-Present

Ramon P. Ayaton

Mon: I started working in IIEE in 1977 and by September 2015 it will be my 38th year in the Institute.

WHY IIEE? SHARE TO US WHY DID YOU L ANDED WORKING FOR IIEE. Tacky: Kasama ako sa construction noong tinatayo palang ang IIEE. Pagkatapos, nag-apply ako as janitor.

Alma: I started as casual staff of 2004 ANC under the presidency of Engr. Rodolofo N. Ferrer. But even before that, I am part of the team who was hired to encode newly installed database.

Mon is often called "Herbert" because of his resemblance to the incumbent Quezon City Mayor Herbert Bautista. He loves basketball and used to coach a team representing the city's District 1.

In this photo, they won 2nd place.

Mon: I still was studying my BSEE at FEATI U when my relative informed me of the Institute hiring of a technical staff to handle the revision of the Philippine Electrical Code Part 1. I applied and was interviewed by the PEC1 committee members, chaired by then Engr. Casiano F. Paulino.

Other applicants just graduated their BSEE course. Luckily, since I have knowledge in typing which one major qualification I was accepted as Technical Staff in September 1977.

HOW DIFFERENT IS IIEE NOW COMPARE TO THE TIME WHEN YOU HAVE JUST STARTED WORKING? DESCRIBE US WHAT WAS LIKE WORKING IN THE YOUNG IIEE. Tacky: Maraming pera ang IIEE ngayon, dati wala eh, konti lang.

(Laughs) Kaunti lang din ang staff noon, mga 1990’s. Ngayon, marami na eh. Marami nang nagbago.

Alma: I’m glad to say that when I came in IIEE, refined global platform have just started. New database, ISO and stronger communication to IIEE’s stakeholders were introduced.

Mon: There is a big difference since I started working with IIEE. For my work, every Saturday we have a meeting with PEC 1 committee which was then held on the Centroid, Inc., Second floor. For weekdays, I have to do the minutes and the manuscript of the Code which I have to type using the ball type IBM typewriter wherein every revision I have to re-type it unlike this time, you just insert the revision on the stored manuscript. At the start, there was only six regular staff which now increases to 30 regular with some contractors/casuals.

ANY ANECDOTES YOU WANT TO SHARE ABOUT YOUR EXPERIENCE/WORK IN IIEE AND ITS OFFICERS.

26 | VOLUME XLIV 1ST QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

N

Alma is currently the Officer-in-Charge of the IIEE membership department.

HEIR

professionals. So how is it d the three of the most faat IIEE is meant for them.

Alma C. Larce Tacky: Wala naman. Kasi, kadataon, nagpapalit ng officers eh. Ibaiba yung experience, lahat worth i-share.

Alma: When PRC mandated to require the EEs to apply as a member in IIEE in order for them to renew their license, IIEE staff were placed under a mango tree (literally) because the PRC building was under renovation. Fortunately, in 2009, IIEE rent a room in Don Lorenzo Bldg. I’m grateful to be a staff support of various committee.

I learned more about the officers--their passion, belief and heartfelt service to IIEE which serve as an influence to me as a staff and that’s the reason, too, that I stay.

Mon: ...

WHAT MADE YOU STAY? WHAT'S WITH IIEE AND ITS MEMBERS THAT MADE YOU STAY? Tacky: Kailangan ko ng trabaho eh. (laughs) Masaya parin mula noon hanggang ngayon.

Alma: Supportive fellow employees, passionate officers, the members who always look forward for the betterment of their profession and IIEE as a whole.

That is what I think the reasons why I stay.

Mon: Because all the presidents and officers especially the committees I’ve handled appreciated my working attitude

and when I applied to other office, they really ask me to stay. I have learned a lot from those people who really share their knowhow in every aspect of the electrical engineering fields. I enjoy working with those professionals and also at the time I work autonomously or specifically for the code revision.

Tacky is wellknown by the IIEE officers since he is the official IIEE messenger.

IIEE IS NOW IIEE BECAUSE? Tacky: Syempre, dahil sa pagpapalakad at pagtutulungan ng officers at staff kaya lumaki ng ganito ang IIEE. Alma: IIEE is getting stronger because of the good governance that was instilled in every officer that holds the institute every year. They have this unrelenting passion for service for their fellow professionals.

HOW DO YOU SEE IIEE 40 YEARS FROM NOW? Tacky: Nakikita? Aba! Mas malaking improvement. Lalaki at lalaki ito kung magsama-samang magtrabaho lahat.

EUSTAQUIO S. LIBO-ON

Alma: IIEE embraces more competitive challenges in the world of equally competitive members.

Mon: If the structure of the organization will not change and those dedicated people will still practice the value of the Institute, 40 years from now IIEE will be an Institution to reckon with excellence.

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLIV 1ST QUARTER 2015 | 27

International Labour Office, Five step forEmployers, Workers and their Representatives on Conducting Workplace Risk Assessments.

Retrieved from http://www.ilo.org/legacy/english/ osh/en/story_content/external_files/wcms_232886.pdf

GRAPHICS: JUSTINBERG F. BANTIGUE

EE WOMAN

Teaching Electrical Engineering and making a Difference The Giga Electron Volt of EE Education

S

o what do teachers do? Rowena Cristina Guevara communicates what’s on her mind with her heart. Her 30 years in the halls of learning of University of the Philippines, Diliman (plus a PhD in Electrical Engineering) taught her creatively and effectively to convey her lessons on speech and audio signal processing, time frequency analysis and synthesis and artificial intelligence to countlessiskolar ng bayan. After all, she will not be a Metrobank Outstanding Teacher in Tertiary level (2010) for nothing.

If I am not an EE practitioner, probably I am— A musician.

Now serving as the Undersecretary of the Science and Technology, let us read the woman who helped shaping the minds that will shape the EE industry in the country.

When woman works—

Call her—

Academe; being responsible for the human resource of the field is a privilege.

The technical and managerial aspects of the work will be interspersed.

Life is always different in; Because—

Gev (as in Giga Electron Volt)

At the end of the day—

I believe that life is—

I would like to see the Philippine power industry contributing to the country's competitiveness, rather than the being handicaps that it currently is.

A gift to be cherished and enjoyed.

People don't know that I am—

As an electrical engineer, what do you think is your biggest contribution to the profession?

Shy.

I am really good at—

Being an educator who encouraged and enabled research and development in several universities in the Philippines.

Playing the piano.

I am an EE practitioner because—

The problems we solve are challenging and the fruits of our labor make a difference in the life of every Filipino.

Do you agree that females have a disadvantage in the electrical engineering profession?

No - not in the Philippines.

Gev joins fundraising programs and concerts for ailing UP faculty members, the Philippine General Hospital, UP University hotel and UP College of Fine Arts.

TECHNICAL

Cost Allocation of Special Protection System Service

by Cooperative Game Theory Edwin B. Cano, PEE ebcano@gmail.com Abstract— Special Protection Systems (SPS) are widely utilized for increasing power transfer in electric power transmission systems at the same time respecting security constraints. SPS applications usually are generation rejection schemes (GRS), line/ transformer transfer tripping and load shedding.

GRS installations have embedded cost and actual service cost. In a nodal pricing based electricity market, curtailment of generation (without GRS), specifically of a cheap generation due to the security criterion can be considered as transmission congestion. Transmission capacity limitations impede the generation output thereby decreasing the profit opportunity of the generation company (GenCo). If a GRS is installed for this GenCo, the output of the GenCo is increased and thus there is a clear benefit for the GenCo in terms of profit. For the demand side, when generation output is curtailed due to congestion the resulting nodal prices at the demand's location are higher than when a GRS is in place to increase generation output from a cheap generation. Since electricity market participants have various benefits in having a GRS installation, the cost of the service must be allocated among the beneficiary participants.

Cooperative game theory is utilized in allocating fair cost on the beneficiaries of the SPS service.

Index Terms—Special Protection Systems, Game theory, Shapley, Nodal Pricing.

P

I. Introduction

ower systems planning and operations are usually defined by N-1 criterion. This means that in an event of a single contingency, no remaining connected transmission elements will be thermally overloaded, no bus voltage will be outside of acceptable limits, no system interface limit is violated, and system stability is maintained.

Special Protection Systems or SPS are widely utilized for increasing power transfer in transmission

systems at the same time respecting security constraints [1]. SPS applications usually are generation rejection schemes (GRS), line/transformer transfer tripping and load shedding. GRS are designed to mitigate overloading of a transmission line or lines after an N-1 contingency near the vicinity of a generating plant or are employed to arrest increasing dynamic oscillation which may lead to unstable system conditions.

Without the GRS, generation output is curtailed to satisfy the N-1 security criterion. With the GRS, the output of the generation is increased thereby increasing power transfer.

Further, GRS also mitigates or delays the possibility of transmission expansion or investment due to transmission capacity constraints.

In a locational marginal pricing based electricity market, curtailment of generation (without GRS), specifically of low cost generation due to the security N-1 criterion can be considered as transmission congestion.

Transmission capacity limitations impede the generation output thereby decreasing the profit opportunity of the generation company (GenCo). If a GRS is installed for this GenCo, the output of the GenCo is increased and thus there is a clear benefit for the GenCo in terms of profit.

When transfer capability is limited, without GRS, the profit of a transmission owner (TO) is decreased due to less power wheeling charges. With the GRS, wheeling charges increase as a consequence of the added power transfer.

This premise is the same with the electricity system and market administrator, called independent system operator (ISO), since the ISO charges for cost-based services including scheduling, system control and dispatch. For the demand side, when low cost generation output is curtailed due to congestion or overloading, without GRS, the resulting nodal prices at the demand's location maybe higher than when a GRS is in place to increase generation output from a cheap generation.

GRS installations have embedded cost and actual service cost [3]. Since electricity market participants have various benefits in having a GRS installation, the cost of the SPS/GRS service must be allocated among the participants. Cooperative game theory [4-5] can be

30 | VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

φ (v ) = ∑ i∈S

(n − S )!×(| S | −1)! [v( s) − v( s − 1)] n!

utilized in allocating fair cost on the beneficiaries of the SPS service. A modified PJM 5 bus test system [6], shown Figure 1, is utilized as an example for the application of cooperative game theory in sharing the SPS service cost among power system stakeholders, specifically, generation and demand.

Recent applications of cooperative game theory in various power system cost allocation problems includes: transmission planning [7-9], transmission expansion [10-11], transmission congestion relief [12] and generation start-up cost allocation [13].

Fig. 1 Modified PJM 5 bus test system.

τ (v) = αm(v) + (1 − α )[v( N ) − v( N − {i})] and

⎡ ⎤ mi (v) = max ⎢v(s) − ∑ M j ( N , v)⎥ j∈{s}−i ⎣ ⎦

(3)

where: v(s): is the cost savings relative to coalition s (N, v): is the order pair of the player set N= {1, 2…n} M(N, v) and m(v): upper and lower vector of the Tau value solution, respectively α: a number calculated by

∑τ (v) = v( N ) i∈N

i

Cooperative game theory based cost allocation should have the following attributes [13], stability and equity. Stability is no player or players will have the incentive to leave the grand coalition. Equity is no player or players will have to subsidize other player or players.

These desired properties are qualitative and may be debatable when utilized in realistic applications [13].

III. Special Protection Systems in Power Systems

II. Cooperative Game theory

The following cooperative game theory solutions for cost allocations problems are utilized in this paper.

A. Shapley Value

One of the most utilized approaches to cooperative theory is the Shapley value. Shapley value is the fair allocation of overall savings of operating an SPS in the power system from a coalition among players in that coalition. One main feature of the Shapley value is that the game is superadditive for any coalition [7]. The Shapley value is given by:

φ (v ) = ∑ i∈S

(n − S )!×(| S | −1)! [v( s) − v( s − 1)] n!

where: τs: (coalition v) = αofmplayers (v) + (1 − α )[v( N ) − v( N − {i})] S: |S|: number of players in coalition S i: player n: total i number of players j v(s): is the characteristic function (cost in this j∈{ s}savings −i case) relative with coalition s

⎡ m (v) = max ⎢v(s) − ⎣

⎤ M ( N , v ) ⎥ ∑ ⎦

∑τ (v) = v( N )

B. Tau Value

As with Shapley value, the Tau value aims to fairly allocate the operational savings in operating an SPS in the power system in any given coalition of set of players for (n − S )!×(| S | −1)! the φ (SPS v( s) −bev(superadditive s − 1)] v) =game. Likewise, the game [should and in thei∈core [16].

The Tau value is given by: n !

S

i∈N

i

∑

τ (v) = αm(v) + (1 − α )[v( N ) − v( N − {i})]

(2)

As discussed above, a GRS provides the following:

• increased power transfer capability

• delay of transmission system investments

• may impact locational marginal prices in

electricity markets.

In the test system provided above, the figure provides data utilized for the cooperative game theory approach such as generation cost and generation capacity, line capacity between two buses and demand levels, other pertinent power system data can be accessed in [6]. Only four players or agents, generation at Brighton and the loads, will be considered as shown in the figure since these stakeholders are the only ones who will have benefit with the GRS. Direct Current Optimal Power Flow (DCOPF) based locational marginal pricing [14] is applied to calculate the locational marginal prices (LMP) at each bus. The basics of DCOPF are thoroughly presented and discussed in [15].

Without considering power system security constraints, the LMPs of the system buses will be equal to $15, shown in Figure 2, in this case Park City whose generation cost is $15 is the marginal plant. This means Brighton generation which has the lowest generation cost can be dispatched at its maximum capacity of 600 MW. However, power systems and electricity markets integrate both economic and security constraints in their operations.

Considering power system constraints, in the event of a line outage between Brighton and Alta/Park City and when Brighton generation is dispatched at its maximum capacity, the line between Brighton and Sundance will be overloaded up to 250% of its capacity,

⎡ ⎤ XLIV 2 = − mIIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME ( v ) max v ( s ) M ( N , v ) ⎢ ⎥ ∑ i j j∈{s}−i ⎣ ⎦

nd

QUARTER 2015 | 31

TECHNICAL as shown in Figure 3. This analysis presents a limitation of 240 MW on the Brighton generation so as not to overload the said transmission line.

GRS. Thus, the cost of service of the GRS will have to be allocated among the beneficiaries.

If the generation output of Brighton generation will be limited to 240 MW and this will impact the LMPs, as shown.

Since the cost of service of the GRS is to be allocated among the beneficiaries, the cost allocation of the GRS to each player will be proportional to the net benefits received by each player when the GRS is installed and operated. The calculated net benefits of each load agent or player would be the payment savings LMPs or power contract price without the GRS minus LMPs with the GRS.

Fig. 2. LMPs without considering power system constraints.

IV. Illustration

Fig. 4. LMPs with considering power system constraints.

Fig. 3. Overloading of Brighton to Sundance line with the line outage of Brighton to Alta/Park City and with Brighton generation dispatched at 600 MW in Figure 4.

TABLE I. Scenarios Considered for Cost Allocation

The LMPs with Brighton generation limited to 240 MW will be $30. In this case, the generation at Solitude will be needed and dispatched thus becoming the marginal plant.

This LMP of $30 will impact the cost providing power to the demands or loads.

When an SPS, specifically a GRS, is provided at Brighton to increase its generation output and at the same time respecting power system constraints, LMPs will remain at $15, as in Figure 2. The GRS will decrease or curtail the generation dispatch of Brighton plant whenever the line between Brighton to Alta/Park City is on planned or force outage. If the plant has a single machine, the GRS will have runback operation, decreasing its output from 600 MW to 240 MW or below. If the plant has several units, the GRS will have to trip some of the units until the plant's output will be 240 MW or below. In this scenario, the generation at Brighton and the loads will benefit from the GRS. The generation at Brighton will have higher profit with the GRS as the plant's output will be maximized. The loads will have reduced payments with the GRS, since the LMP is $15 compared to $30 which is without the

Scenarios

Case Number

All loads participate in the electricity market and no load can form coalition with Brighton generation

1

Load 1 contracts power from lowest cost generation without the GRS, other loads participate in the electricity market and no load can form coalition with Brighton generation

2

Load 2 contracts power from lowest cost generation without the GRS, other loads participate in the electricity market and no load can form coalition with Brighton generation

3

Load 3 contracts power from lowest cost generation without the GRS, other loads participate in the electricity market and no load can form coalition with Brighton generation

4

All loads participate in the electricity market and any load can form coalition with Brighton generation

1A

Load 1 contracts power from lowest cost generation without the GRS, other loads participate in the electricity market and any load can form coalition with Brighton generation

2A

Load 2 contracts power from lowest cost generation without the GRS, other loads participate in the electricity market and any load can form coalition with Brighton generation

3A

Load 3 contracts power from lowest cost generation without the GRS, other loads participate in the electricity market and any load can form coalition with Brighton generation

4A

The calculated net benefits of the generation agent or player (Brighton) would be the income savings LMP with the GRS minus the LMP without the GRS. The first set of scenarios (cases 1 to 4) considers that since the GRS will be installed and operated at Brighton plant's facility; any coalition formed must have agent 1 or Brighton in the group. Any load or loads pushing for the GRS to be installed or operated cannot form a coalition since only the physical properties of Brighton will be at risk with the GRS operation. On the other hand, to hedge from high LMPs, a load can arrange bilateral contract with lowest cost available generation without the GRS. For example, Load 1 can contract 340 MW power supply with Alta, Park City and Solitude, where the total cost of supplying Load 1 will be the sum of products of cost of

32 | VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

generation and available generation MW for each plant.

Brighton generation will not enter into bilateral contract with any load since its benefit or incentive to sign into bilateral contract is not comparable with having the GRS installed and operated.

TABLE IV. Results for Cases 1A-4A Case 1A Case 2A Case 3A Case 4A Player Shapley Tau Shapley Tau Shapley Tau Shapley Tau 1 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2 5100 5100 1840 1840 5100 5100 5100 5100 3 3150 3150 3300 3300 40 40 2850 2850 4 2700 2700 2700 2700 2700 2700 -110 -110

TABLE II. Characteristic Functions Case Case Case Case Coalitions Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 1A 2A 3A 4A c{1} 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 2100 c{2} 0 0 0 0 5100 1840 5100 5100 c{3} 0 0 0 0 3150 3300 40 2850 c{4} 0 0 0 0 2700 2700 2700 -110 c{1, 2} 7200 3940 7200 7200 7200 3940 7200 7200 c{1, 3} 5250 5400 2140 4950 5250 5400 2140 4950 c{1, 4} 4800 4800 4800 2100 4800 4800 4800 1990 c{2, 3} 0 0 0 0 8250 5140 5140 7950 c{2, 4} 0 0 0 0 7800 4540 7800 4990 c{3, 4} 0 0 0 0 5850 6000 2740 2740 c{1, 2, 3} 10350 7240 7240 10050 10350 7240 7240 10050 c{1, 2, 4} 9900 6640 9900 7200 9900 6640 9900 7090 c{1, 3, 4} 7950 8100 4840 4950 7950 8100 4840 4840 c{2, 3, 4} 0 0 0 0 10950 7840 7840 7840 c{1, 2, 3, 4} 13050 9940 9940 10050 13050 9940 9940 9940

TABLE III. Results for Cases 1-4 Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Player Shapley Tau Shapley Tau Shapley Tau Shapley Tau 1 7575 7575 6020 6020 6020 6020 6020 2 2550 2550 920 920 2550 2550 2550 Not in the 3 1575 1575 1650 1650 20 20 1425 Core 4 1350 1350 1350 1350 1350 1350 -55

The second set of scenarios (cases 1A to 4A) considers that any load or loads can form a coalition to gain benefit from the GRS. With or without the membership of Brighton generation in a subgroup, the loads can pay for the GRS service thus it is assumed that loads are within an organizational structure with Brighton generation. Likewise, any load can enter into bilateral contract to shield them from high LMPs.

Shapley and Tau values calculations where performed using TUGlab's MATLAB scripts [16] using open source GNU Octave software [17].

Table 1 presents the following cases or scenarios which were considered to illustrate the effectiveness of cooperative game theory based cost allocation.

The characteristic functions of each formed coalition for each scenario are given in Table 2. From the table, the benefit of player 1 or Brighton generation is shown to be $2100, c{1}. The difference between c{1, 2}, coalition between Brighton generation or players 1 and Load 1 or player 2 and c{1} is the benefit of player 2 or Load 1 which is $5100. The benefit of other loads can be computed as such. For cases 1 to 4, the zero values are an indication that loads cannot form a coalition as discussed above. For cases 1A to 4A, since loads can form coalition to pay for the GRS service, all have non-zero benefits.

TABLE V. Results for Cases 1A-4A Player 1 2 3 4

Percent Cost Allocation Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 1A Case 2A Case 3A Case 4A 58.0% 60.6% 60.6% 60.6% 16.1% 21.1% 21.1% 21.1% 19.5% 9.3% 25.7% 25.7% 39.1% 18.5% 51.3% 51.3% 12.1% 16.6% 0.2% 14.3% 24.1% 33.2% 0.4% 28.7% 10.3% 13.6% 13.6% -0.6% 20.7% 27.2% 27.2% -1.1%

Tables 3 to 5 provide the results of the cooperative game theory based approach to cost allocation of GRS service in the test system utilized considering the scenarios stated above. The Shapley values yield to the same values as that of the Tau method except for Case 4 since the characteristic function is not in the Core.

The results for cases 1 to 4 reveal that player 1 or Brighton generation will have to subsidize the other players. From Table 3, the benefit of player 1 or Brighton generation is $2100 yet the results show that it will have a minimum benefit of $6020 across cases 1 to 4. As it is subsidized, players 2 or Load 1 will have a maximum benefit of $2550 across cases 1 to 4 where the actual maximum benefit would be $5100 as analyzed from Table 2. The subsidy is an outcome that any load cannot form any coalition for paying the GRS without the entry of player 1 or Brighton generation. The results are intuitive to practical power systems where the GRS cost are shouldered mainly by the generation owner.

It is observed from the results for cases 1A to 4A, in Table 4, that the fair allocation of GRS service payment is provided to all players. Each player maintains their benefit values from using cooperative game theory and no player is subsidized by any player. These results are perceptive of the fact that the any load can form coalition with itself or with other loads to pay for the GRS service.

With these results, the bulk of the payment would be assigned to the load with largest MW.

The results significantly show that the bilateral contracting to supply the loads can be an effective tool to hedge from high payment for the GRS service aside from being a shield to high LMP, presented in Table 5. Load 1 has a lower allocation in cases 2 and 2A, load 2 has a lower allocation for cases 3 and 3A and load 3 has a lower allocation for cases 4 and 4A.

V. Conclusion

This paper discusses cooperative game theory based cost allocation to SPS, specifically GRS, service to

IIEE.ORG.PH VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 | 33

TECHNICAL power system stakeholders. In practical power systems, GRS are employed to increase power transfer capability thus a need to quantify the cost or payment allocation to the beneficiaries was proposed using Shapley and Tau values. The work involved the development of scenarios which illustrates the game strategies of involved players in acquiring the maximum benefit from a GRS installation.

The results using the proposed solutions and the developed cases provide valuable decision making tool to power system stakeholders assigned to pay for such service.

References [1] W. Fu, S. Zhao, J. D. McCalley, V. Vittal, N. Abi-Samra, "Risk Assessment for Special Protection Systems," IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol.

17, no. 1, pp. 63-72. February 2002. Available: home.eng.iastate.edu/~JDM/ WebJournalPapers/RiskAssessentSPS.pdf

Further work would include the simulation of a longer interval of the load curve, in a day or in a year and compute the total allocation for each player. A larger test system or an actual power system may be use to test the proposed cost allocation.

[4] H. Singh, "Introduction to Game Theory and Its Application in Electric Power Markets," IEEE Computer Applications in Power, IEEE Computer Application in Power, vol.12, no.2, pp. 18-20, 22, Oct.1999.

VI. Disclaimer

The views developed in this article are those of the author and do not reflect necessarily the opinion of the companies they are working for.

[2]Ancillary Services Presentation. Available: http://www.nyiso.com/public/ webdocs/services/market_training/workshops_courses/nymoc/Ancillary_ Services.pdf [3] J. K. Earle, "Functional unbundling of special protection systems as a required interconnected operating service in a deregulated environment," MSEE Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1997. Available: dspace.hil.unb. ca:8080/handle/1882/42522

[5] J. Mepokee, D. Enke, B. Chowdhury, "Cost allocation for transmission investment using agent-based game theory," International Conference on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, September 12-16, 2004.

[6] L. Fangxing, B. Rui, "Small Test Systems for Power System Economic Studies," Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE PES General Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, July 25-29, 2010.

[7] J. Contreras, M. Klusch, T. Vielhak, J. Yen, and F. F. Wu, "Multi-Agent coalition formation in transmission planning: Bilateral shapley value and kernel approaches," in Proceedings of the 13th Power Systems Computation Conference PSCC'99, Trondheim, Norway, June and July 28th and 2nd, 1999.

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34 | VOLUME XLIV 2nd QUARTER 2015 IIEE.ORG.PH

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