Abhishek Agarwal et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.1, Issue 1,27 October 2016, pg. 12-15
Enterprise-level Green ICT Using virtualization to balance energy economics Abhishek Agarwal1, Kriti Doneria 2 1,2
Galgotias University Plot no. 7,opposite BIC Gautam Buddha Nagar,U.P. India 1 doneriakriti@gmail.com 2 gyp.nirmaan@gmail.com
Abstract— The computing industry has been a significant contributor to global warming ever since its inception. Performance maximization per unit has cost remained the prime focus of academic and industrial research alike, ignoring environmental impacts in the process if any. However, the infamous global energy crisis has inevitably pushed power and energy management up the priority list of computing design and management activities for purely economic reasons today. Green IT lays emphasis on including the dimensions of environmental sustainability, the offsets of energy efficiency, and the total cost of disposal and recycling. A green computing initiative must be adaptive and flexible enough to be able to address problems that keep on increasing in size and complexity with time. Cloud computing concepts can invariably be applied to reduce e-waste generation. The service oriented architecture lends itself to incorporating green computing as a process rather than a product. Re-usability, extensibility and flexibility are some of the key characteristics which are inherent to the cloud and directly help address the vertical specific challenges to reducing energy consumption in the long run. Keywords— Cloud computing, Electronic waste, Green Information Technology, Service oriented architecture. I. INTRODUCTION
This Green IT, or ICT sustainability, is the study and practice of environmentally sustainable computing or IT[1]. This includes manufacturing, designing, usage and disposal of computing subsystems such as display, printing, storage and networking hardware effectively with minimal environmental impact.[2] Cloud computing is a technique for enabling over the network access to a shared pool of modular computing resources. Today, Moving companies to cloud is helping to contain potentially exponential growth of cross-vertical duplicate data centers. Rather than looking at the combination of two existing technologies as an answer, it makes much more sense to describe challenges in terms of questions the hybrid model is capable of addressing. Some questions include, but not limited to:• Can Cloud computing be an efficient driver for Green information communication technology? • Is Cloud computing here to stay? • Is the overhead of 'virtualizing' worth it? • Is Green computing a sustainable phenomenon to begin with? • Can we actually build models to harness the prowess, without considerable tradeoffs? II. THE 'DIRT' AND DEARTH OF ENERGY IN I.T. INDUSTRY
According to a study, the utilization of an on-premise data centre is not more than 6% on an average day.[3] This under- utilization is driven by dedicated server/task methodology that consolidates a powerful server for a single functionality. Additionally, Future-ready businesses often buy servers that are more powerful than needed. Most servers sit idle after the usual eight to ten hours of working day. System administrators, afraid of accidents simply leave about 30% servers up and running, doing no useful work at all. 12 © 2016, IJARIDEA All Rights Reserved
Abhishek Agarwal et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.1, Issue 1,27 October 2016, pg. 12-15
Further, Nearly 40 million servers were predicted to be operational by 2011, up from 19 million in 2001[4],ever decreasing costs leading to indiscriminate proliferation. Theoretically, only 3.6million servers operating at 75% efficiency would have been enough to meet the computing needs worldwide. Google is said to operate more than a million servers across thirty six data centers around the globe. Microsoft's new data center near Chicago spans across 500,000 square feet and holds 400,000 servers and counting. The Smart 2020 report by the Climate Group estimates energy consumption of these and other cloud data centers to be 330 billion kilowatt hours per year. III. VIRTUALIZATION- THE SILVER LINING
All Virtualization in its essence refers to creation of a software equivalent of hardware. Types of virtualization include full virtualization, para virtualization, storage virtualization, network virtualization, application virtualization and platform virtualization to name a few. Coupled with the 'cloud', there virtual instances can be deployed and used remotely via internet through thin clients. While this may seem trivial at first, it has huge short and long term payoffs in terms of business revenues and savings. In practice, Virtualized servers operate more closely to their on-paper maximum. On demand self service is an important feature of this paradigm. Cloud service providers automatically power down servers and resources that aren’t currently used or demanded. A broad shift to cloud computing could, theoretically, result in nearly 20-fold reduction in the number of servers required to meet current as well as future computation demands. Public cloud, private cloud, hybrid cloud and community clouds are differentiations that arise out of scope, needs demands of the industry, simply because one size doesn’t fit all. While Public and community clouds are more cost efficient, some businesses are unable or unwilling to leverage the public cloud resources offered by Microsoft, Google and others. However, these companies use virtualization in their own data centers. These “private clouds” offer many of the same economic and environmental benefits while allowing full control to these enterprises. HP set an example by consolidating 85 data centers staffed by 19,000 people to six cloud data centers with half the manpower. Businesses benefit from virtualization in the following ways: a. The cloud setup saves small and medium scale business from making large investments upfront. Software, applications and services can be packaged and integrated by the distributors according to customized requirements. b.
When virtualization is used, it greatly reduces the cost of IT staff required to run and maintain the data center. This adds to the savings of the organization.
c.
In Data center, electricity and cooling equipment consume copious amounts of energy. By migrating to the cloud (partially or even fully), these requirements are to be borne by the third party and not the organization itself.
d.
By using thin clients and policies like Bring Your Own Device (BYOD), companies can cut down their expenses even further.
e.
Cloud orchestration and monitoring is an ongoing process which lets managers look at real time statistics, helping formulate better business strategy decisions to set long term goals. 13
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Abhishek Agarwal et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.1, Issue 1,27 October 2016, pg. 12-15
IV. CLOUD FOR GREENER LANDSCAPES
The underlying architectural shift driving cloud computing is homologous to the factories during industrial revolution. Prior to Henry Ford’s assembly-line mass production of cars, cars were assembled individually by craftsmen in dedicated stalls. The advent paved way for an era of mass-produced and affordable vehicles. The continued iteration and refinement of the assembly line process led Ford to build the world’s first factories. A resource is typically shared as a service over the network, thereby increasing its utilization and reach at the same base cost. Assembled and pre packaged services can be used and demanded as needed, scaling up and down is only a matter of hours owing to virtualization. Apart from this, many leading cloud service providers are turning to renewable energy sources to power their resource centers. The positive network effect shall enable a steady rise in this trend as years go by. Many more latent benefits shall become obvious in the future. Given the sample space of applications of cloud –utility computing, green computing, cognitive computing, etc are just some spheres where virtualization plays its part. Manufacturing computing hardware, right from CPU to embedded systems to Internet of Things, is a taxing process in terms of negative environmental impact. By maximizing the utilization and extending the life of components, life cycle optimality is maintained. Disposal of electronic wastes is a challenge. The pace at which technology changes is pretty swift. What’s new today would be old tomorrow. Call it a by- product of consumerism, but too often the buyers do not realize the long term consequences of their choices. Lithium, Mercury, Lead, Arsenic and other heavy metals contaminate the landfills post disposal, adversely affecting the ecosystem. Having virtual instances shall greatly reduce the amount of hardware required, making the disposal less painstaking in the long run. Lesser number of data center can directly be equated with a reduced Carbon footprint and Greenhouse emission. Thus server and network virtualization are definitely greener than its traditional counterparts. V. CONCLUSION
The objective at hand isn’t just development, but that of sustainable development i.e. meeting the needs of the current generations without affecting the ability of future generations to do the same. Hardware solutions to the problem of power consumption are limited; hence it becomes increasingly crucial to develop tailor made solutions to potential challenges when we still have time in hand. Cloud computing is the most energy-efficient method at hand that addresses the complexities of ever-accelerating demand for computation and data storage. Policy decisions that encourage the consumption of renewable energy sources shall be a win-win situation for cloud service providers as well as users and shall establish cloud computing as green computing in the decades to come. [1]
[2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
[7]
REFERENCES A. Arvola, A. Uutela, and U. Anttila. Billing feedback as a means of encouraging conservation of electricity in households: a field experiment in Helsinki. In: A. Arvola, E. Rautavaara, and A. Uutela (eds): Energy and the consumer. Final report on the research program 1990-1992, 46– 60, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Helsinki, Finland, 1994. San Murugesan,How Green is Your IT? Computing Now, April 2013. M. Baranski, J. Voss. Genetic algorithm for pattern detection in NIALM systems. Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Vol 4, 3462–3468, The Hague, the Netherlands, 2004. M. Chetty, D. Tran, and R. Grinter. Getting to green: understanding resource consumption in the home. Proc. Ubicomp08, 242–251, Seoul, South Korea, 2008. Smart 2020 Report: Global ICT Solution Case Studies, www.smart2020.org/publications Commission of the European Communities. Commission Recommendation on mobilising Information and Communications Technologies to facilitate the transition to an energy-efficient, low- carbon economy. C(2009) 7604 final, Brussels, Belgium, 2009. V. Coroama, L. Hilty. Energy consumed vs. energy saved by ICT – A closer look. Proc. EnviroInfo 2009, 353– 361, Berlin, Germany, 2009.
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Abhishek Agarwal et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.1, Issue 1,27 October 2016, pg. 12-15
[8] S. Darby. The effectiveness of feedback on energy consumption. A Review for DEFRA of the Literature on Metering, Billing and Direct Displays, 2006. [9] Comparative study between Green Cloud Computing and Mobile Cloud Computing Monica B. Harjani*, Dr Samir M. Gopalan**, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 3, Issue 3, March 2013 1 ISSN 2250-3153 www.ijsrp.org
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