Megha R. Malali et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.2, Issue 2,27 April 2017, pg. 15-21
Analysis Of Thermal And Cogeneration Plants Megha R. Malali1, Basavaraj Hugar2 1,2
Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, S. G. Balekundri Institute of Technology ,Belagavi, Karnataka, India megharmalali@gmail.com1, hugar.basavaraj@gmail.com2
Abstract— Emanations of nursery gasses and different contaminations are expanding in India with the expanding interest for power. Coal is the essential fuel for power era in India and its use is persistently expanding to meet the vitality requests of the nation. This paper displays the investigation of warm plant and cogeneration plant as far as power era and emanations, impacts of discharges on condition and human wellbeing are talked about. Correlation of warm plant is made with the bagasse based cogeneration plant. In coal based Thermal power plant input coal every day ranges from 650 to 850 Tons so that 250 to 350 Tons of Ash is produced and 550000 to 650000 Units of power is created. In bagasse based cogeneration plant bagasse utilized every day ranges from 100 to 2000 Tons, Ash created is 10 to 80 Tons and power of 20000 to 800000Units are produced. By consuming unit ton of coal 0.3 to 0.4 tons of Ash is created, where as 750 to 850 Units of power is produced. In any case, from cogeneration plant utilizing 1Tonne of bagasse 0.04 Ton of Ash and 400Units of Electricity is produced. In this manner Ash produced from Thermal power plant is 10 times more than the Ash created from the Cogeneration Plant. The coal based plants impact the earth and human wellbeing by discharges like Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Sulfur Oxides (SOx), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx ) and Particulate Matter. Gauges from the cogeneration comes about that the discharges are similarly not as much as the coal based warm power plant. Keywords— Ash generation, Bagasse, Cogeneration plant, Emissions, Thermal Plant. I. INTRODUCTION
Coal and oil are the essential wellsprings of vitality. Organizations today need to manage the worldwide rivalry and ecological concerns. India is the world's biggest economy and has a quickly developing vitality advertise. High cinder content in Indian coal and wasteful ignition advancements add to India's emanation of air particulate matter and other follow gasses, including gasses that are in charge of the nursery impact [1][2]. Control producing units are super venture, which require enormous capital speculation as well as different characteristic assets like, petroleum products and water in this way make an inconceivable And everlasting effect on nature and create gigantic worry in the nearby eco-framework regardless of stringent government standards to control and relieve the harms to the earth by the power plants. In this paper, the introduced power era limit of 42MW Power Plant has been considered [8]. The power era and fiery debris era values from coal based Thermal Power Plant has been contrasted and the bagasse based Co-Generation plant of limit 42MW[7]. India is one of the biggest makers of sugar on the planet. The fundamental explanation behind the notoriety of cogeneration in the sugar business is the accessibility of bagasse amid the sugarcane pulverizing season. As per the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) India, the industry is evaluated to represent around 5,000 MW or 68 percent of the aggregate cogeneration potential in India. Likewise, since the power necessity of sugar units is not high, 30-40 percent of the aggregate power produced is sold to the lattice [8].
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Megha R. Malali et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.2, Issue 2,27 April 2017, pg. 15-21
II. FUEL ANALYSIS
An easy way to comply with the conference paper formatting requirements is to use this document as a template and simply type your text into it. The fuel used in Thermal Power Plant is Coal and in Co-Generation is Bagasse. The Ultimate analysis and proximate analysis is given in table 1 and table 2. TABLE I ULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL AND BAGASSE
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Sulphur Oxygen
Coal
Baggasse
38.7% 2.0% 0.9% 1.0% 7.4%
23.24% 2.94% 0.00 0.00 22.35%
TABLE II PROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF COAL AND BAGASSE
PROXIMATE ANALYSIS Moisture Ash GCV Volatile Matter Fixed Carbon
Coal
Bagasse
14.8% 35.8% 3772kCal/kg 22.70%
50% 1-4% 2250kCal/kg 41.67%
30.80%
6.86%
The common coals used in Indian industry are bituminous and sub bituminous coal. The gradation of Indian coal is based on its calorific value. Normally ‘E’ grade coal is used in India, the calorific value range is 3360 – 4200kCal/kg. The industry uses the coal having the Gross Calorific Value (GCV) of 3772kCal/kg. III. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
The electricity generation and Ash generated from coal based Thermal Power Plant is given in table 3. TABLE III MONTHLY GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY AND ASH [8]
Months
Jan Feb March April May June July August September October November December
Coal input in tonnes 23968 21270 19883 22746 22354 25661 24524 22692 24524 22354 22692 24337
Electricity Generation in units 18421207 17932181 17122072 17733133 18421222 19519888 19532079 17743722 19532079 18421222 17743722 19730036
Ash Generated in tonnes 9363.00 9022.50 7867.00 9400.55 8596.00 9066.17 9390.00 9522.00 9390.00 8596.00 9522.00 10537.00
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Megha R. Malali et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.2, Issue 2,27 April 2017, pg. 15-21
Using the values in the table 3, we get table 4 which gives the values of generation of electricity and Ash per day and per hour basis. TABLE IV ELECTRICITY AND ASH GENERATION OF THERMAL POWER PLANT Electricity Generation In units Per month Per Day Per Hour
17000000 550000 - 650000 23000 - 27000
Ash Generated in tonnes 7800-10000 250 - 350 10 - 14
From table no 4 or from table no 3 the Ash per tonne of coal and Electricity per tonne of input coal is calculated and the values are • Per Tonne of Coal, Ash generated is 0.3 to 0.4 tonnes • Per Tonne of coal, Electricity generated is 750 to 850 units Electricity generation and ash generation with respect to fuel consumption are as shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.
Fig1. Coal Vs Electricity generation
Fig2. Coal Vs Ash generation
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Megha R. Malali et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.2, Issue 2,27 April 2017, pg. 15-21
The electricity generation and Ash generated from Bagasse based Cogeneration is given in table 5. TABLE V ASH AND ELECTRICITY GENERATION FROM COGENERATION
Months
Bagasse input in Tonnes
January February March April May June July August September October November December
626471.5 54173.75 40359.25 10274.00 1553.750 835.00 14488.00 52375.25
Electricity Generation in kWh 25059000 21669500 16143700 4109600 621500 334000 5795200 20950100
Ash Generated in Tonnes 2505.9 2166.95 1614.37 410.96 62.15 33.400 579.52 2095.01
the Ash per tonne of Bagasse and Electricity per tonne of Bagasse is tabulated. • Per Tonne of Bagasse, Ash generated is 4 tonnes • Per Tonne of bagase, Electricity generated is – 400units The graphs are shown for electricity generation and ash generation for the input Bagasse which we get after cane crushed fig3 and fig4. We can see that by burning Bagasse how much electricity is generated and how much Ash is generated.
Fig3. Bagasse Vs Electricity generation
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Megha R. Malali et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.2, Issue 2,27 April 2017, pg. 15-21
Fig.4. Bagasse Vs Ash generation
IV. EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM POWER PLANTS
The emissions noted from thermal power plant are given below in table 6[8]. TABLE VI EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM THERMAL POWER PLANT
Pollutants PM10 PM 2.5
SO2 NOx CO CO2
Amount in µg/m3 293.04 112.41 13.71 64.33 3.54 683.18
Emissions from Cogeneration are given in table 7 TABLE VII EMISSIONS FROM BAGASSE BASED COGENERATION
Exhaust emissions
Amount in mg/Nm3
PM
132.00mg/Nm
SOx
12.00mg/Nm
NOx
15. 00mg/Nm
3
3 3
The values of few gases or emissions from Thermal Plant are comparably higher than the Limits of NAAQ (National Ambient Air Quality) standards [6]. The maximum tolerable limits by NAAQ are SO2- 30µg/m3 NO2- 40µg/m3 PM10- 60µg/m3 PM2.5- 40µg/m3 The emissions are less in cogeneration power plant.
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Megha R. Malali et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.2, Issue 2,27 April 2017, pg. 15-21
V. IMPACT OF EMISSIONS ON ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN LIFE
Discharges from coal ignition at warm power plants like CO2, CO, NOx, SOx and PM. CO2 and CO are considered. GHG and Other gasses are aberrant GHG. The direct GHG are thought to be in charge of warming up the air, delivering an unsafe worldwide condition. The wellbeing danger of CO stems from its denying body tissues of oxygen on account of its fondness for hemoglobin, which conveys oxygen to body tissues. A CO Concentration of 100ppm causes cerebral pain, 500ppm causes crumple and 1000ppm is deadly. CO2 is more inexhaustible and dissimilar to CO, is to a great extent contributed by power plants. Regular causes, for example, the rot of natural matter, however contribute substantially more noteworthy measures of CO2 than counterfeit causes. CO2 in the whole environment keep on increasing with genuine impacts on the world's atmosphere thus of the nursery impact. [5] proposed a principle in which another NN yield input control law was created for an under incited quad rotor UAV which uses the regular limitations of the under incited framework to create virtual control contributions to ensure the UAV tracks a craved direction. Utilizing the versatile back venturing method, every one of the six DOF are effectively followed utilizing just four control inputs while within the sight of un demonstrated flow and limited unsettling influences. Oxides of nitrogen and sulfur assume an essential part in barometrical science and are to a great extent in charge of climatic causticity. SO2 fixations beneath 0.6ppm create no - sick impacts in individuals. A great many people, be that as it may, wind up noticeably discerning of sulfur at around 5ppm and end up plainly chafed at around 10ppm. 10ppm of SO2 can bring about breathing issues and bodily fluid evacuation. The impacts of SO2 are considerably more genuine when SO2 is joined with PM and enters the stomach related framework. Oxides of nitrogen are in charge of the development of photochemical brown haze. Nitrogen oxides additionally go about as forerunner gasses for the arrangement of tropospheric ozone. Tropospheric ozone is a GHG in charge of an Earth-wide temperature boost and is likewise known to have an unfriendly effect on plants. NO2 has a more unfriendly wellbeing impact on individuals than NO. It has a partiality for hemoglobin, which denies them of oxygen. It additionally frames corrosive in the lungs and consequently is a great deal more harmful than CO. It additionally diminishes environmental perceivability individuals start to perceive the presence of NO2 by its smell when it achieves groupings of 0.4ppm and higher. 0.06 to 0.1ppm of NO2 can bring about respiratory sickness. A couple of minutes presentation to 150 to 200ppm causes annihilations of the bronchioles (the littlest divisions of a bronchial tube), and a couple of minutes introduction to 500ppm causes intense edema (swelling from the emanation of a watery fluid into cell tissue). VI. CONCLUSION
Warm Plants influences the ecological portions of the encompassing locale seriously. Huge measure of Ash, SOx, NOx and Particulate Matter is produced which harm nature and are profoundly in charge of disintegration of soundness of individuals. The Ash created from cogeneration is relatively 10 times not as much as the Ash from the Thermal Power Plant. The Emissions can be diminished amid the power era by the Bagasse based cogeneration so that the Life of condition and human can be amplified. REFERENCES [1] Satyashree Ghodke, Rohit Kumar, Navneet Singh, Himani Khandeiwal. “Estimation Of Green House Gas Emission From Indian Coal Based Thermal Power Plant”. Iosr Journal Of Engineering Apr.2012,Vol.2(4)Pp:591-597. [2] W.K.Pokale “Effects Of Thermel Power Plant On Environment” Scientific Reviews And Chemical Communications. 2(3), 2012, 212-215, Issn 2277-2669. © 2017, IJARIDEA All Rights Reserved
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Megha R. Malali et al., International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA] Vol.2, Issue 2,27 April 2017, pg. 15-21
[3] “Environmental Impact Of Emissions From Thermal Power Generation In India” Enzen Global Solutions, Pp: 1 - 4. [4] “Summary Of The Air Emission Standards On Thermal Power Plants” Unofficial Translation, China’s Ministry Of Environmental Protection (Mep) On July 18-2011. [5] Christo Ananth,"A NOVEL NN OUTPUT FEEDBACK CONTROL LAW FOR QUAD ROTOR UAV",International Journal of Advanced Research in Innovative Discoveries in Engineering and Applications[IJARIDEA],Volume 2,Issue 1,February 2017,pp:18-26. [6] “National Ambient Air Quality Standards”, Ministry Of Environment And Forests Notification, New Delhi, The 16th November, 2009 [7] Schedule Of Machinery, Form-I (1) By Shri Prabhulingeshwar Sugars & Chemicals Ltd., Siddapur, Jamakhandi, Dist: Bagalkot, Karnataka. [8] Schedule Of Machinary, By Indo Rama Synthetics(I) Ltd – Power Plant, Butibori, Nagpur Maharastra.
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