IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 3 | Issue 09 | March 2017 ISSN (online): 2349-784X
Iron Removal by Adsorption-A Review Sanchi S. Dange Department of Civil Engineering GHRCE, Nagpur, India
R.M.Dhoble Department of Civil Engineering GHRCE, Nagpur, India
Abstract Iron is the most abundant metal found on Earth and is used for different purposes in the day-to-day life of mankind. Iron is also an essential constituent of human body which helps for better regulation of the body. Certain amount of Iron is required for both the male and female body to avoid Iron deficiency in the body, despites this Iron can be harmful for the human body if intake in larger amounts. The maximum permissible limit of Iron in Drinking Water should be less than 0.3 mg/lit. Excess of Iron may cause diseases like Alzheimer, Neurodegenerative diseases, Arteriosclerosis, Diabetes mellitus, Cancer (Suspected). The present paper describes Iron, its uses, harmful effects and its removal by Adsorption. Keywords: Iron, Adsorption, Water, Earth, Environment ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I.
INTRODUCTION
Water is one of the most essential resources available on the Earth which is already facing scarcity and leading to contamination due to industrial discharges and several human activities. Metals are naturally occurring elements on Earth. The use of these metals in industries, domestic, agriculture, medical and technological purposes have resulted to vast exposure of these metals in the environment. Also ill effects on human health and environment are also observed. The carcinogenic nature of certain metals has led to gain attention of environmentalists on the ill effects of heavy metal pollution. World Health Organization (WHO) describes the metals of most immediate concern are Aluminum, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead. The use of low-cost sorbents to remove metals from aqueous solutions has been popularly studied and implemented. Researchers have claimed adsorption to be easiest, safest and most popular methods for the treatment of aqueous solutions containing metals. II. IRON General Iron is the second most abundantly found metal in Earth's crust. Iron ions Ferrous( Fe2+) and Ferric(Fe3+) combines with compounds containing oxygen and sulfur to form oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and sulfides because of which elemental Iron is rarely found in nature. Most commonly found form of Iron in nature is its oxides. Iron have a melting point of 1535⁰ C and its specific gravity is 7.86 at 25⁰ C. Iron (as Fe2+) can be detected by taste in distilled water having concentration 40 μg/litre. Iron concentrations below 0.3 mg/litre were characterized as unnoticeable in well water and the concentration levels of 0.3–3 mg/litre were found acceptable (27).The permissible limit of Iron as stated by BIS and WHO is 0.3 mg/lit. Iron is the most widely used construction material. Food colors are also manufactured from some of the Iron compounds and also Iron deficiency in humans is treated. Certain Iron salts are used as coagulants in water treatment. Iron and Its Health Effects Iron is an essential element in human nutrition. The minimum daily requirement of Iron is about 10 to 50 mg/day and depends on age, sex, physiological status, and Iron bioavailability of a person. The total amount of body Iron in adults is usually about 50 in males and 34–42 mg/kg in females of body weight. Iron is present in large amounts in body as haemoglobin, myoglobin and haem-containing enzymes (27). Iron occurs as a natural constituent in plants and animals. The ill effects of toxic doses of Iron include depression, rapid and shallow respiration, coma, respiratory failure, convulsions and cardiac arrest. Other health effects
Alzheimer Neurodegenerative diseases Arteriosclerosis Diabetes mellitus Cancer (Suspected)
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