POLIMI MSc01_Après | Design Report 2019

APRÈS A C Q U A

P O T A B I L E

Real Experience to share

D E S I G N

R E P O R T

P I A Z Z A

C A R B O N A R I

Polytechnic of Milan - Master Programme Architecture - Built environment - Interiors Design and Construction studio

A project for BNL Paribas

by Ghilardi, Kaveh, Vespa.

C O N T E N T S

CHAPTER 1

Historical research

CHAPTER 2

Milanese water tanks

CHAPTER 3

Decays Analysis

CHAPTER 4

Beer Market research

CHAPTER 5

Brew pub references

CHAPTER 6

KM 0 restaurant and Urban garden research

CHAPTER 7

KM 0 restaurant and Urban garden references

CHAPTER 8

Materials

CHAPTER 9

Brochure for investors

CHAPTER 10

Products and Merchandising

CHAPTER 11

Bibliography and Sitography

1

HISTORY

MILANESE WATER TANKS

The possibility of giving rise to a city has always been linked to the ability to ensure an adequate supply of water. The problem, already admirably solved by our Roman ancestors, came back strongly in the XIX century, when industrialization produced a rapid process of growth of European cities, with the consequent increase in requirements but also with frequent outbreaks of epidemics.

The answer to these needs was the enactment of laws and regulations that guaranteed a verifiable quality of hydraulic services and the establishment of public and private companies that took charge of providing them. Thus, began the construction of public aqueducts.

The construction of the first public aqueduct in Milan took place starting in 1888.

Since Milan was not built on the banks of a large river, an imposing network of canals, derived from once-clean rivers, such as the Adda and the Ticino, which constituted an important source of water supply, both for civil and manufacturing uses. However, for drinking water, the supply traditionally took place from a myriad of private wells that drew from the rich and easily accessible groundwater.

These were generally excavated wells, with brick cladding, no more than 6-7 meters deep; rare, instead, are the drilled wells, which reached 12-13 meters, obviously giving better waters.

The relatively easy accessibility and abundance of water is therefore the most realistic explanation of the late development of an aqueduct in Milan.

The increase in inhabitants (around 321,000 at the 1881 census), with the consequent increase in water consumption and hygiene requirements, led the authorities to tackle the problem. In the second half of the XIX century it became so indispensable to realize the public service of the aqueduct and chose to use the copious, good and natural reserve existing in the subsoil. The project for the FIRST MECHANICAL WATER LIFTING SYSTEM IS FROM 14 JULY 1888.

The constant increase in the demand for drinking water, the attention paid to the efficiency of the public service in the last years of the nineteenth century and the

rapid growth of the city in the early twentieth century, led the Administration to build and distribute in the different areas of the city SEVENTEEN NEW MAIN WATER TANKS, of the simple pumping type.

The consumption per inhabitant is calculated at 151 cubic meters in 1914 and 241 cubic meters in 1924. In ten years, the overall water consumption has therefore increased by 82%, private consumption by 121%, while the population served has not increased that of about 20%, going from about 630,000 to about 750,000 inhabitants.

The supply of drinking water through the aqueduct from 1929 to 1930 causes the covering of numerous canals that for centuries characterized the city: the emblematic case of the Navigli, which were eventually transformed into drains and underground. The progressive exploitation of the groundwater in the following decades, also by the industrial activities of Pirelli, Falk, Montedison, causes problems for the supply of drinking water itself. On the contrary, FROM 1990 TO THE PRESENT, the closure of these and other factories has led to an increase in groundwater levels, with the need to CREATE PUMPING AND WATER DISPERSION SYSTEMS TO PREVENT FLOODING IN SUBWAYS, CAR PARKS AND UNDERGROUNDS. The year 1929 is important in the history of the aqueduct because it marks the adoption of a NEW HYDRAULIC SYSTEM, the so-called double-pumping system.

The solution makes substantial progress by exploiting the wells more regularly and eliminating the sand suspended in the water, not retained by the traditional filters. The change consists in the introduction of a large settling tank, generally built in reinforced concrete, in which the water taken is decanted. Additional pumps take up water not only decanted but also filtered and introduce it into the distribution pipes. The tanks also act as a reserve and flywheel reservoir, necessary to compensate for changes in water withdrawal during the day, responding to peak flow rates.

THE AQUEDUCTIVE NETWORK TODAY

The aqueduct network of the city of Milan, managed by MM, develops today for about 2,200 km along the city streets. The waters, taken from the underground aquifer by means of 587 wells (of which at least 400 are active and functioning) draw water from the large reservoir constituted by the aquifer, are transported by about 100 km of pipes and distributed by the aqueduct network.

The ducts constitute the adduction network, that is the connection between the wells and the 30 pumping stations: above-ground buildings, basements or underground ones, where the collection tanks are located, the electric and hydraulic machinery, the control and command equipment and treatment plants (activated carbon filters, aeration towers, reverse osmosis systems, chlorination, UV disinfection) that eliminate the contaminants present and make the water comply with the limits prescribed by current regulations. These guarantee the release of raised and treated water into the distribution network, also ensuring adequate pressures (on average between 4 and 6 bars).

According to Legislative Decree 31/01, drinking water must in fact meet certain limit values for chemical, chemical-physical and microbiological parameters. MM, since taking over the management of the Integrated Water Service in June 2003, has launched an intervention program to increase controls to improve the quality of the water supplied. In addition to building new treatment plants, MM has strengthened the internal operating laboratory, expanding it with new rooms for microbiological analysis, for which advanced methods are adopted, through the provision of rooms dedicated to chemical analysis with cutting-edge equipment.

The operating laboratory can carry out the totality of the analyses necessary both for ascertaining the characteristics of drinking water and for carrying out research activities, fundamental for guaranteeing water of excellent quality at all times.

Absolute novelty for the inhabitants of the city are the houses of water: these installations constitute the natural evolution of the “vedovella� of Milan, which remains a socio-cultural point of reference. Water houses are considered a place

for dedicated to chemical analysis with cutting-edge equipment. The operating laboratory can carry out the totality of the analyses necessary both for ascertaining the characteristics of drinking water and for carrying out research activities, fundamental for guaranteeing water of excellent quality at all times.

Absolute novelty for the inhabitants of the city are the houses of water: these installations constitute the natural evolution of the “vedovella” of Milan, which remains a socio-cultural point of reference. Water houses are considered a place for social gathering, communication and information on the quality of water supplied and, more generally, of the integrated water service. social gathering, communication and information on the quality of water supplied and, more generally, of the integrated water service.

- Bianca Dendena, “Paesaggi d’acqua: Milano e dintorni”, 2018 - Gian Luca Lapini, “Le origini del civico acquedotto di Milano”, 2004 - Gianluca Padovan e Maria Antonietta Breda “Archeologia dell’acqua potabile a Milano”, 2018 - Maria Antonietta Breda “Acqua e rifugi antiaerei: due casi milanesi”- “10-11th April 2015 Congress at Polythecnic of Milan Architettura dell’acqua a Milano: dai sistemi di gestione storici al ruolo di Metropolitana Milanese” - Ippolito Edmondo Ferrario and Gianluca Padovan, “Alla scoperta di Milano sotterranea: passaggi segreti, cripte, gallerie, labirinti e cunicoli tutti da esplorare”, 2018.

THE ARCHITECTURE OF HISTORICAL CENTRALS

All the historical centres, meaning with this term those realized in the first half of the twentieth century, have been restructured over time. The building interventions have transformed the interiors, adapting them to the new functional and plant requirements, while leaving some traces of the period elements. For an analysis of the interiors, we must therefore rely mainly on the original design drawings and period photographs. The load-bearing structures and the external composition have instead remained unchanged and pass on their architectural and urban history also to visual observation.

FUNCTIONALITY AND INTERIOR DECORATION Looking at the iconography of the time one is struck by the functional compositional and distributive solutions, with finishes and furnishings also of value. For example, great attention is paid to the engine room, conceived as a place to be “proudly� displayed, so much so that it is often ennobled by fine finishes (ceramic, wrought iron, marbles) and by decorations painted on the walls and on the high and airy ceilings. The lamps are of excellent workmanship and design, reflect the taste of the moment and adequately illuminate the rooms. Also the cast iron pillars, used in the centres of the beginning of the century, have the capitals and the base molded in beautiful shapes; an example, specially brought to light and enhanced following recent technical and spatial adjustments, is still visible in the Central Park. Another example of preserved antique furniture is the monumental and artistic wrought-iron staircase of the Comasina plant. The elevated building of the historic Aqueduct Centres was designed to be exhibited and clearly identifiable, as was done for elementary schools, Swimming pools and gyms, and other publicly owned buildings built by the Municipality of Milan. For each of these building types, achieving architectural quality was just as important as functionality and economy. In the first half of the twentieth century the Cagnola, Parini, Armi, Benedetto Marcello, Cenisio,

Comasina, Trotter, Poggi, Martini, Gorla, Tonezza, Espinasse, Suzzani and San Siro centres were built on top.

For the Centrale Parini, built on the edge of the Public Gardens towards the ramparts of Porta Venezia, a small garden chalet was built on the corner between Via Parini and Via Manin, according to the fashion of the English garden. This construction corresponded in plan only to the entrance area; the engine room, too cumbersome to be elevated, had been built all underground and only a part of the roof emerged from the ground where low windows were made necessary for its illumination.

For the Centrale Armi, instead, forms of the Liberty were adopted, a language that characterized many buildings in the area in which it was inserted. In Benedetto Marcello and Cenisio there was extensive use of brick and frames decorated according to the buildings that surrounded them. The project for the Trotter plant was strongly influenced by the presence of the Park. The buildings Poggi, Martini, Gorla, Tonezza, Espinasse and Suzzani were especially affected by the time they were built; in their constructions we can still see linearity of volumes and decorations in use in the architecture of the Twenties and Thirties, typical of the language proposed by the currents of Rationalism and the Milanese Twentieth century.

The San Siro plant is not comparable to any of the previous ones nor to those built later. The upper building consists of the combination of pure volumes differentiated according to function. The entrance is in fact housed in a cylindrical element that approaches the parallelepipeds of different heights built to house offices and engine rooms. The accumulation tanks are semi-underground and covered by earth to form lawns treated as lawns. We can state that Architecture in elevated and underground architecture: between exhibition and camouflage it is almost a maximum synthesis of the criteria experimented up to then.

A highly special construction is the cover of the large well built in the Plato plant; the plan is circular, while the structure is an ogival dome of reinforced concrete whose terminal part is perforated to allow light to enter.

As regards the underground stations, it is necessary to distinguish between the purely urban context of squares and large avenues and the context of the city’s historical parks.

In the urban context we have Vercelli, Maggiolina, Beatrice d’Este, Indipendenza, Crema and Naples with regard to the lifting stations of the first type, therefore without the accumulation tank; Cantore and Ovidio among those of the second type. In these switchboards, only the word “drinking water” placed at the entrance stated that below were the machines for raising drinking water.

In the first subterranean centres, only the roof and the terminal part of the walls emerged from the ground along which narrow windows were protected, protected by railings, to illuminate the underground spaces. The extrados of the roof was generally surrounded by a wrought iron railing that also had decorative features, attention confirmed by the careful selection of the covering materials. In the following the building is completely underground and the roof surface is treated as a lawn and surrounded by a low fence. The only exception to the type just described is constituted by the Maggiolina power plant, built above ground and covered to create a hill emerging from Piazza Carbonari.

Among the subterranean power stations it was a peculiarity the Ovidio Central, built completely underground for protection in case of aerial bombardments. Its architecture, which as mentioned is an exception, is illustrated in more detail in the following paragraph dedicated to anti-aircraft building. In the city’s public parks the Central Park of Viale Elvezia was built near the Civic Arena and the Sempione Park, the Central Italy in the same Park, but towards the Cadorna Station, and the Centrale Palestro at the Public Gardens, the oldest in Milan , next to via Palestro, where the façade was covered with materials that recalled the rusticity of the rocailles and rocks found in the Public Gardens.

- Maria Antonietta Breda “Un impianto indispensabile per la città moderna. Gli edifici di pompaggio dell’acqua potabile di Milano.”

- Congress at Polythecnico of Milan 10-11th April 2015 “Architettura dell’acqua a Milano: dai sistemi di gestione storici al ruolo di Metropolitana Milanese” - Bianca Dendena, “Paesaggi d’acqua: Milano e dintorni”, 2018

CENTRALS “ BOMB PROOF” At the end of the 1930s the engineers of the Civic Aqueduct faced the problem of the defence of the Aqueduct from the bombing. Among the many provisions, some specifically concerned the protection of the central units.

The only power plant built entirely with the above anti-bomb criteria was the Ovidio lifting station, built in 1939 under the square of the same name. The completely underground work required an impermeable roof made by the Italian Company Special Products for Building (sipsem), while the armoured and antigas special windows were supplied by the Biraghi Company, which had already supplied those for the Cantore and Benedetto Marcello plants. The plant was rebuilt in the seventies and the windows were replaced.

No other specific documents are currently available on the preparation of defence measures for the aqueduct plants built before 1939. However, based on what is written by Ing. Cecchi, it is very likely that interventions have been made.

- Maria Antonietta Breda “Acqua e rifugi antiaerei: due casi milanesi” - Congress at Polythecnico of Milan 10-11th April 2015 “Architettura dell’acqua a Milano: dai sistemi di gestione storici al ruolo di Metropolitana Milanese” - Gianluca Padovan e Maria Antonietta Breda “Archeologia dell’acqua potabile a Milano”, 2018 - Ippolito Edmondo Ferrario and Gianluca Padovan, “Alla scoperta di Milano sotterranea: passaggi segreti, cripte, gallerie, labirinti e cunicoli tutti da esplorare”, 2018.

LIST OF THE WATER TANKS IN MILAN

Between 1898, ten years after the first installation at the Arena (1888), and 1927, the last year of the construction of the first type hydraulic power plants, the following water tanks were built in the city center: - Parini in via Giuseppe Parini (1903) - Parco in via Elvezia (1908) - Italia in Viale Italia (1919, today in Viale Emilio Alemagna) - Palestro in the homonymous street (1926).

To the north the new water tanks are built: - Comasina in the today piazzale Carlo Maciachini (1909) - Maggiolina in today’s Piazza Carbonari (1912) To the north east they build: - Cagnola in Piazza Firenze (1898) - Trotter in the homonymous park (1920).

To the northwest it rises: - Cenisio (1906) To the east it is built: - Centrale Benedetto Marcello (1901).

To the west we find: - Weapons in Via Cassiodoro (1904) - Vercelli in piazza Piemonte (1906) and Independence in the green area of Corso Indipendenza (1925).

To the south they are located: - Beatrice d’Este in Viale Beatrice D’Este (1924) - Napoli, in the square of the same name (1927).

There are 11 new water tanks built between 1929 and 1939 with a NEW TYPE OF HYDRAULIC SYSTEM: - Ascanio Sforza (1929) - Espinasse (1929) - Poggi (1930) - Martini (1930) - Carriera (1930) - Gorla (1932) - Bastioni Porta Nuova (1933) - Cantore (1935) - Suzzani (1937) - Ovidio (1939) - San Siro (1948).

- Bianca Dendena, “Paesaggi d’acqua: Milano e dintorni”, 2018 - Gian Luca Lapini, “Le origini del civico acquedotto di Milano”, 2004 - Ippolito Edmondo Ferrario and Gianluca Padovan, “Alla scoperta di Milano sotterranea: passaggi segreti, cripte, gallerie, labirinti e cunicoli tutti da esplorare”, 2018.

MAGGIOLINA PUMPING CENTRE 1912

The approval, on June 8th 1910, of the project of the Technical Office for the construction of the tenth plant, to be completed by the summer of 1911, on a land owned by the municipality and near the Cascina Maggiolina (hence the name given to the new water tank). In this case the building of the Maggiolina was built underground as in the previous Vercelli and Parco drinking water buildings. The potential of the plant was set at 400 liters per second and for the machines. For economic reasons it was preferred to drill 28 wells with a diameter of m. 0.30, instead of thirteen or fourteen of the usual diameters of m. 0.80.

The report shows that for each project the greatest attention was paid to the technical aspects and at the same time we wanted to reach even the best economy.

With this last building, a water supply per inhabitant of over 300 liters a day was reached, the urban pipeline reached the development of over 360 kilometers, and in the city there were 185 fountains and 2497 hydrants.

In whole pumping centers, only the word “ACQUA POTABILE� (drinking water) placed at the entrance, stated that below were the machines for raising drinking water (examples of the machinery in the following pages).

In the first subterranean water tanks, only the roof and the terminal part of the walls emerged from the ground along which narrow windows were protected, protected by railings, to illuminate the underground spaces. The extrados of the roof was generally surrounded by a wrought iron railing that also had decorative features, attention confirmed by the careful selection of the covering materials.

In the following the building is completely underground and the roof surface is treated as a lawn and surrounded by a low fence. The only exception to the type just described is constituted by the Maggiolina water tank, built above ground and designed so as to blend into the green, therefore almost hypogean and surfacing on the surface only to form a terrace with a balustrade. The architectural treatment of the façade (north-east), although without showing a particular refinement in the formal or material solutions, is marked by a sober decorum that alludes to the monumentality typical of public buildings of the early twentieth century and which is expressed in square holes framed, in fake ashlar smooth with horizontal

partition and in the architraved portal, bearing the word “drinking water”, dominated by the coat of arms of the Municipality of Milan.

- Pdf of the technical report of “Palazzina dell’acqua Maggiolina - Bianca Dendena, “Paesaggi d’acqua: Milano e dintorni”, publisher Fondazione Feltrinelli, 2018 - Ippolito Edmondo Ferrario and Gianluca Padovan, “Alla scoperta di Milano sotterranea: passaggi segreti, cripte, gallerie, labirinti e cunicoli tutti da esplorare”, publisher Newton Compton, 2018.

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico_1928)

Water tank Pumps

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Abbiategrasso water tank Electric cabin

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico_1928)

Water tank Pumps

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Abbiategrasso water tank Control room

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Abbiategrasso water tank Machine room

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico_1906)

Armi water tank Machine room

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Abbiategrasso water tank Machinery room

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Benedetto Marcello water tank Machine room

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Benedetto Marcello water tank Transformers cabin

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Parco water tank Machine room

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Espinasse water tank Machine room

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Poggi water tank Transformers cabin

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Poggi water tank Machine room

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Expansion manifold under Centrale train station

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Digging deeper a well

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico_1900)

Masterplan to increase the number of wanter tanks in Milan_1900

(Ercore Marelli archivio fotografico)

Underground pipes of Maggiolina water tanks

DRINKING WATER BUILDING IN MAGGIOLINA TODAY

Under the hill of piazza Carbonari the building still exists, but the plant has long since been abandoned.

From “La Repubblica”: ZAM, ‘TEMPORARY’ EMPLOYMENT IN PIAZZA CARBONARI A new occupation, this time a temporary one, by the Zam collective, which entered the former drinking water building in Piazza Carbonari, near Viale Zara. For three days space will be the stage of ‘Temporary Zam 3.1 - Forum of self-management’, a long weekend of music and theater. The former drinking water has been abandoned since 2006, when other occupants were evacuated, and last year it was included by the Municipality in the real estate fund managed by the Bnp Paribas bank with the aim of selling it. But still no one has set their sights on the building and Zam - who after occupying Via Olgiati has occupied a school on Via Santacroce - has “freed space”, as stated in the collective’s Facebook group.

(Andrea Tundo)

(Newspaper: La repubblica, 2013)

2

WATER TANKS BUILDINGS

ANFOSSI This Art Nouveau building is still used as a water tank and pump, but it is occasionally opened to visitors for special events. It started its funcion on the 20th of July, 1915. It presents 16 pumps that have a capacity of a few thousands of liters per second. This implant can be used both as a supplier for the hours of most intense usage and for the regular service. The area that is supplied by Anfossi’s implant the central-West area and Vittoria area. The system was improved and enlarged in 1992 and 2006.

The building is in a good state of conservation.

ARMI This water tank is still in function. It is located in Viale Cassiodoro and occasionally it is opened for public visits, also connected to the theme of water. The building was inaugurated in 1904 and it is composed of 12water wells. Despite the severe damages that the area underwent during the II World War, the building was restored and it is currently in a good state of conservation.

ABBIATEGRASSO Abbiategrasso’s water tank was inaugurated on May 7, 1958, and it is the most recently built water tank of the 50’es. The system was provided with 20 springs with electric pumps. It could pupm 800 liters per second. The main tank had a capacity of 4385 cubic meters and was connected with the 4 main pumps. The implant is still active and it supplies the South-East area of the city. Its role is also fundamental in keeping the right pressure in the tubes of the whole area: in fact, it is located at a lower level compared to all the others in the central areas, juxtaposing its action against the downflow of the water.

ARENA This water tank was born in 1889, when the urban plan defined the expansion of the city in the direction of Piazza d’Armi (according to Beruto’s plan): a new residential neighborhood was about to rise over Parco Sempione. The perforation was as deep as 146 m and it was composed of 2 water wells, and other 4 were digged afer its inauguration. The water tank was dismissed tue to the obsolescence of the machineries and the building was demolished.

BAGGIO Located in in via Castrovillari n. 20, its activity begun on April 13, 1966. It was provided with 20 water wells and 2 big tanks, that were able to supply a large area in the West side of the city.

It is still active and in a good state of conservation.

BEATRICE D’ESTE The project for the realization of this water tank was approved in August 1924, and it was located inside the spanish walls, in the Southern area (at the crossing betweeen all’incrocio viale Beatrice D’Este andle vie Castiglioni e Bianca di Savoia). It was provided with 30 water wells and 2 electric pumps.

BENEDETTO MARCELLO Realized in 1901, this is one of the onlest examples of water tanks in Milan. This water tank building, such as Cenisio’s one, was widely using bricks and decorated cornishes, according to the style of the buildings surrounding it. It was in fact located in Via Benedetto Marcello, near Loreto. The number of water wells increased over the time, in order to supply a growing demand of water: during its inauguration it was provided with 2 wells, other 5 were added one year later and then they were incremented to 16. It was provided with 4 high pressure pumps.

CANTORE This water tank was inaugurated on June 25, 1935, in Piazza Cantore, in the South-West area of the city. The system was provided with 12 wells and could pump up to 400 liters per second.

The water tank is still active.

CENISIO This water tank building, such as Benedetto Marcello’s one, was widely using bricks and decorated cornishes, according to the style of the buildings surrounding it. Inaugurated in 1905 to supply the increase of water demand related to the Internationa Exposition of 1906, it was heavily damaged by bombings in 1943, but it was promptly repaired. It was provided with 10 wells; the building remained unused for several years, but it recently underwent a process of restoration aimed to host a museum about the use of water.

COMASINA In 1909 this water tank begun its work (it is sometimes referred as Centrale di via Farini).

It is located on a public ground at the corner between Piazzale Maciachini and Via Menabrea, and it was designed to pump 400 liters of water per second by means of 12 wells (with a depth ranging between 40 and 60 meters. It was conceived as a backup implant, operable in case of malfunction of another water tank or during the periods of maximum demand (during summer).

For this reason, its 2 pumps were fueled by diesel engeens, more easily actioned. The system is still active. It has a remarkable monumental stair in wrought iron. It was the first case of use of centrifugal pumps with vertucal axis.

CREMA In 1926 Crema water tank came into operation.

It is located in Via Crema, in the South Eastern area of the spanish walls. It is still active. This tank was also design to provide water to the municipal power plant during wintertime, to condens steam of the thermic plant. For this reason, the tank is provided with specific low-pressure machineries. The machineries were provided

by Ditta Costruzioni Meccaniche Riva and by Tecnomasio Italiano Brown Boveri.

ESPINASSE Espinasse water tank was located in the North-Western area of the city, it had a pumping capacity of 200 liters per second. The works for this system begun on Dec 21st, 1928, and were completed 150 days after. Machineries were provided by SocietĂ Anonima Ercole Marelli. The water tank still exists, but the system is no longer working.

Nevertheless, we can still admire its value for its linear volumes and decorations typical from the twenties and thirties, influenced by Rationalism and Novecento Milanese.

FELTRE This it the first water tank built in the second half of the XX Century, and was inaugurated on June 15th,o 1951. It was located in Via Feltre, in the East area of Milan. It was provided with 18 wells with submerged electrical pumps, its storage tank could contain up to 6202 cubic meters of water. With its pumping power of 1050 liters per second, it mainly supplied Citta’ Studi and Lambrate area, but it could also support the provision of the neighborhoods around the Cental Station.It is still active nowadays.

GORLA Gorla water tank was located in Via Aristotele, in Gorla neighborhood, in the North-Eastern side of the city. It came into operation in 1932; it has a pumping power of 400 liters per second, supplied by 10 water well that, for the first time, had a diameter of 350 millimeters. The building was also provided with a small house for the workers. This water tank is still active today.

Also in this case we can still admire its value for its linear volumes and decorations typical from the twenties and thirties, influenced by Rationalism and Novecento Milanese.

INDIPENDENZA Once called “Plebisciti”, it was an underground water plant without any storage tank. It was realized in 1927. since it is identical to other examples realized within the same period with the same project (Beatrice D’Este, Crema, Palestro, Napoli). It was located in the Eastern side of the Spanish walls. Today the building is abandoned. Its presence, together with Beatrice d’Este, was fundamental to regulate the pressure of the South-Eastern side of the city.

ITALIA This is the 12th water tank that was built, in 1917, in a comunal park (Parco Italia), in Via Paleocapa, realized by Impresa Battaini. It was located underground, near the crossing with Viale Zola, between Parco Sempione and Cadorna train station. The pumping power was around 250-3-- liters per second, and it was used to regulate the pressure of water in the centre of the city, where it started showing some problems. Its inauguration was delayed due to the war until 1919. Its position was initially planned on a forecourt ouwed by Ferrovie Nord, but this choice was set aside thinking that it could have lately interferred with the realization of new undreground lines. Nowadays the water tank was implemented with new machineries and still works

LAMBRO This water tank was located in the North-Eastern side of the city (in Via Casoria 48) and was inaugurated in 1929. It is unique for the kind of wells employed: they are 2 joint wells, each one has 2 columns side by side but with a different depth, one digs as much as 70 meters and is supplied by the traditional aquifer, the other 100 meters and is supplied by the deeper aquifer, with has a better quality. The pumping power is 600 liters per second. The water is distributed in the area of Citta’ Studi and other central areas.

It was inserted in a non invasive way in a rural area The tank is still active today and provides a very good quality water. Some of the machineries have been renovated over the time.

MAGGIOLINA This is the 10th water tank that was built, inaugurated during summer 1911, on a comunal ground near Cascina Maggiolina (which gives the name to the implant). This building, like Centrale Vercelli and Parco, in undergruond.

Its pumping power is up to 400 liters per second and the machineries were supplied by electrical energy provided by Edison. For economic reason the municipality chose to dig 28 wells with a diameter of 30 cm instead of more but smaller wells. The analysis of the results reached with this experimental kind of wells show the attention to the technical aspects of each project, and at the same time they were pursuing economic savings.

The building still exists under the hill of Piazza Carbonari but it is no longer working.

MARTINI In 1930 other 3 water tanks One of them is Martini, in Viale Enrico Martini, completed in May 1930. It was built by Ditta Magnaghi e Bassanini on a comunal ground in the backyard of the school in Via Polesine. This implant is still active. Its punping power was at the beginning 200 liters per second, but it could be easily doubled. This water tank should have supplied the southern area of the railroad of Porta Eomana, between the road for Vigentino and Calvairate; also in this area of the city there was a strong building activity, mainly due to the “new great neighborhood� that the IACPE was designing.

Also in this case, we can still admire its value for its linear volumes and decorations typical from the twenties and thirties, influenced by Rationalism and Novecento Milanese.

NAPOLI This water tank was realized in Piazza Napoli in 1927 by Impresa Daniele Castiglioni. It was provided with 24 wells digging as deep as 110 meters, alterned with others of 60 meters. Also in this case, the building, located in the South-Western side of the city, the structure is still existing but its original funcion ended, and it is now abandoned.

OVIDIO Ovidio water tank was buit completely underground, under Piazzale Ovidio, in 1939, by Impresa Enrico Bongiorno,. The peculiarity of this implant is that the municipality, worried about a possible II World War, built the structure with a bomb-proof technology, also taking advantage of its underground location. The systeem relied of 14 water wells and had a pumping power of 420 liters per second. Between November 1949 and July 1950, an additional storage tank was added. This water tank is still active today.

PADOVA This water tank is the last one built in the sixties. It was inaugurated on June 4, 1969 in Via Padova n. 400. It was provided with 20 water wells with underwater electric pumps and 2 storage tanks, with an overall capacity of 16.878 cubic meters. The maximum pumping power was about 1600 liters per second and could provide water to the Noth-Eastern area of the city.

It is still active nowadays.

PALESTRO In 1926 Palestro water tank came into operation; it was located in the Giardini Pubblici (the oldest in Milan) near Via Palestro, in the Noth-Eastern area of the Spanish Walls. The building still exists, but it was abandoned and is no longer active. The machinery is provided by the Ditta Costruzioni Meccaniche Riva and by Tecnomasio Italiano Brown Boveri. The facade is covered with materials aimed to recall the rural atmosphere and the stones present in the Giardini Pubblici.

PARCO Parco water tank was realized in 1908, located in Viale Elvezia, not far from Arena water tank. In fact, Arena was dismissed due to the bad state of maintenance of its machineries, while its building was refurbished and then demolished.

The proximity of these structures allowed Parco water tank to use the 4 old wells and to integrate them with new ones, reaching a pumping capacity of 300 liters per second (more than double compared to Arena’s water tank). The building was totally underground, in order not to interfere with the arctivities and aspect of the park. The system is still active. The machines’ room, conceived as a place to expose the devices, was decorated with ceramic, wrought iron and marble. Also the lamps and the pillars are decorated.

PARINI E BASTIONI VENEZIA Parini water tank, located at the border of the Giardini Pubblici near Porta Venezia ramparts, at the corner between Via Parini and Via Manin, was the fourth system built, in 1903. It was provided with 6 wells (one more was added in 1908), that could dig as deep as 60-100 meters and had a pumping power of 100 liters per second, and 2 Sulzer coupled pumps. The structure was conceived as a little garden chalet realized in bricks, according to the taste for the English garden. This building hosted the entrance, while the engine room was realized underground due to its wide space requirements, only a part of the room emerged from the ground; there were located some windows. The water tank was in function until the 30es, then the chalet was demolished, while the engine room remains.

PLATONE On June 22nd, 1953 in Via Anassagora n. 33, this water tank begun supplying the North-Eastern area of Milan, with a pumping power of 1000 liters per second. Here was experimented a new kind of well, with a diameter of 3 meters and a depth of 50, that could provide alone a disctrete amount of water and also work as a tank. vasca. From the well, several horizontal draining tubes were spreading radially at different height.

The water was directly provided to the ntework by means of an underwater electric pump. The witdraw of the aquifer let to the drying of many draining tubes, that consequently clogged. Il pozzo era coperto da una struttura ovoidale in cemento armato. The water tank is no longer working, so it was turned in an office for the Servizio Idrico Integrato S.p.A.

POGGI Poggi water tank was one of the 2 that came into operation in 1930. It had a pumping capacity of 400 liters per second. It was located near Loreto and Porta Venezia, where the water supply was already showing many problems. For this reason, the system was provided with 12 wells as deep as 60-100 meters, each one connected to an individual electric pump coordinated by the central implant. The tank had a capacity of 200 cubic meters of water, connected with 2 centrifugal electric pumps. It also included an accomodation for the worker.

It stopped working in the 80es, nowadays it hosts the No’hma Teresa Pomodoro Theatre. Also in this case, we can still admire its value for its linear volumes and decorations typical from the twenties and thirties, influenced by Rationalism and Novecento Milanese.

RONDO’ - CAGNOLA Ronto’-Cagnola water tank was the second one build, completed in 1898. It was located in Piazza Firenze and was provided with 3 wells. Over the time its capacity was improved, and in 1912 the wells were 9. The system was provided with 2 groups of Riedler pumps with a pumping power of 360 cubic meters of water per hour, fueled by an electric engeen. Each well has tubes with a diameter of 60 cm and digs as deep as 60 meters; the water from the aquifer naturally rises up to 4 meters below the machineries, where it can easily be pumped. The machineries were provided by the Ditta Tosi di Legnano and present many innovative technologies. The building is no longer existing.

SALEMI This water tank, supplying the Northern area of the city, was located in Via Salemi n. 21. In tas inaugurated on May 15th, 1963, with a total of 17 wells connected to underwater electric pumps and a storage tanks with a capacity of 6471 cubic meters of water. The overall pumping power was 860 liters per second. It is still in function.

SAN SIRO San Siro water tank was the 1st one realized after the war, in Via degli Ottoboni. It was inaugurated on June 16th, 1948, aiming to supply a new development area where some social housing units were recently being constructed. Its pumping power was about 720 liters per second or more. It was provided with 24 wells (6 were realized before the end of the war) the storage tank. Its system was digging as deep as 90-110 meters undergrounf. Every well was connected with a vertical pump and then to 4 main pumps distributing the water in the net. Its contruction was followed also by the press, showing how needed was the intervention. Nevertheless, the situation remained critical, in particular for the last storyes of the neighborhood.

SANTA TERESA Santa Teresa water tank is the 3rd case where a single wide radial well was digged, with analogue features to the ones previously described (Platone and Testi water tanks); it also presented the same kinds of problems, which made it problematic from the beginning. The system came into operation on June 22nd, 1957 in Via Don Carlo San Martino n. 10, in the Eastern side of Milan. The pumping power soon decreased from 1000 liters per second to only 440.

Furthermore, in the 80es this water tank was excluded from the urban provision due to a high level of chlorinated solventsi. Also this water tank is no longer in function.

SFORZA This water tank was born when, in 1929, a small systm located inside the “Officine pei trams e per l’acqua potabile” (Southern part of the city), was provided with a storage tank, enhancing its funcionality. It reached a pumping power of 400 liters per second. Nowadays, the tank no longer works according to its original function, but it was restaured and adapted to host offices and storages of Servizio Idrico Integrato di mm S.p.A. It is still possible to see the metal blast doors, which is a rare documentation. There is also a gas-proof wooden door and some well preserved lamps, the ventilation portholes (connected with the outdoor by means of chimneys). All the other pieces of furniture were removed, but the building is in a good state of conservation.

SUZZANI On June 14th, 1937 Suzzani water tank came into operation. It was located in Viale Suzzani n. 121, in the Northern area of the city. The water tank was partially renovated in 1975. The system, which is still active today, was provided with 26 wells and could reach an overall pumping power of 960 liters per second. The storage tank had a capacity of 8710 cubic meters. 5 main electric pumps were distributing the water in the urban net. Also in this case, we can still admire its value for its linear volumes and decorations typical from the twenties and thirties, influenced by Rationalism and Novecento Milanese.

TESTI Testi water tank is the second one where the kind of single radial well was experimented. It was inaugurated on June 25th, 1954, in Viale Fulvio Testi. Also in this case, the pumping power resulted much lower than the expected 1000 liters per second due to drying and clogging of the horizontal tubes. When it was active, it was used to supply the water demand of the Northern area of the city. Nowadays the well is no longer connected to the drinking water net, but is still employed to water the vegetation of Parco Nord.

TONEZZA This water tank is one of the three realized in 1930. located in Via Tonezza n. 1, in the Western side of the city. It was provided with 20 wells with underwater electric pumps and a storage tank with an overall capacity of 4130 cubic meters. In begun its function on July 28th, 1930 with a pumping power of 750 liters per second. This water tank was once referred as “Carriera�, and it is still working.

Also in this case, we can still admire its value for its linear volumes and decorations typical from the twenties and thirties, influenced by Rationalism and Novecento Milanese.

TROTTER Due to the urgency to restore the regular water supply after the I World War, the municipality approved in August 6th, 1919 a project for the new Trotter water tank, built in Parco Trotter.

Its construction showed several difficulties, that slowed down the time of realization; the water tank was completed in 1920. It had a pumping power of 400 liters per second. The building, with the entrance facing Via Giacosa, is still existing, but it is no longer used. Its roof collapsed and was recently renovated in order to make it safer, but its future is unclear. The design of the building was also in this case influenced by its location inside the park.

VERCELLI In 1905 was realized Vercelli water tank, also in this case (as for Cenisio) with the aim to meet the increasing demand expected during the International Exposition of 1906. It was located between Corso Vercelli and Via Buonarroti. The system was provided with 10 wells, with a depth ranging between 36 and 60 meters, and had an overall pumping power of 400 liters per second.

In order to lift the water, 2 groups of centrifugal electric pumps were installed. In this case the electric engines were provided by Tecnomasio Italiano Brown Boveri. Today, the water tank is no longer used. Despite a pretty standard technological system, the buinding was very particular. It was in fact the first case of an underground engine room, aiming to decorate the square.

3

DECAY ANALYSIS

PLASTER Major material used as the finishing of interior walls and cieling in multiple layers and colors.

EXFOLIATION Detachment of multiple thin plaster layers (cm scale) that are sub-parallel to the stone surface. The layers may bend, twist in a similar way as book pages.

Caused by chemical incohesion between old and new layers of plaster.

LOCATION

PLASTER EROSION Selective loss of small particles from an originally smooth plaster surface. The substrate is still sound.

Roughening can appear either progressively in case of long term deterioration process (for instance in case of granular disintegration), or instantaneously in case of inappropriate actions, such as aggressive cleaning.

LOCATION

PLASTER BLISTRING Separated, air-filled, raised hemispherical elevations on the face of plaster resulting from the detachment of an outer plaster layer.

Caused by incoherence between the more recent plasters and the support below: chemical incompatibility caused by differential expansions, exacerbated by the infiltration of humidity.

LOCATION

PLASTER DAMP the deposition of soluble salts on the surface or within the pores of materials cause the detachment of grains of the plaster and its color to change.

Due to weak insulation in the building’s base and roof, the walls absorb moister from the ground and rain water penetrates the ceiling.

Corrosion in metalic waterpipes result leak that damages the walls.

LOCATION

PLASTER LACUNA Empty space, obviously located in the place of some formerly existing plaster part.

Protruding and particularly exposed parts of finishings are typical locations for material loss resulting in missing parts.

Caused by chemical corroding activities or physical harm.

LOCATION

TILES LOSS OF COMPONENTS Partial or selective elimination of soft (clay lenticles, nodes of limonite, etc) or tile components (pebbles, fossil fragments, geological concretions, lava fragments) Caused by weakness of the cohesive material and physical harm.

LOCATION

STONE BIOLOGYCAL COLONIZATION Colonization of the stone by plants and micro-organisms such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi and lichen (symbioses of the latter three). Biological colonization also includes influences by other organisms such as animals nesting on and in stone.

LOCATION

STONE EROSION Loss of original surface, leading to smoothed shapes.

Selective loss of small particles from an originally smooth stone surface. The substrate is still sound.

Roughening can appear either progressively in case of long term deterioration process (for instance in case of granular disintegration), or instantaneously in case of inappropriate actions, such as aggressive cleaning.

LOCATION

STONE, PLASTER GRAFFITY Engraving, scratching, cutting or application of paint, ink or similar matter on the stone surface.

LOCATION

CONCRETE LACUNA Empty space, obviously located in the place of some formerly existing plaster part.

Protruding and particularly exposed parts of finishings are typical locations for material loss resulting in missing parts.

Caused by physical harm.

LOCATION

4

BEER TREND IN ITALY

PRODUCTION IN ITALY

1980

8569 thousand hl

8,57 million hectoliters

1990

12153 thousand hl

12,2 million hectoliters

1995

11990 thousand hl

12,0 million hectoliters

2000

12575 thousand hl

12,6 million hectoliters

2005

12798 thousand hl

12,8 million hectoliters

2010

12814 thousand hl

12,8 million hectoliters

2012

13313 thousand hl

12,3 million hectoliters

2014

13512 thousand hl

13,5 million hectoliters

2016

14515 thousand hl

14,5 million hectoliters

2018

15600 thousand hl

15,6 million hectoliters

Beverfood.com Assobirra Althesys

IMPORT

1980

3154 thousand hl

3,2 million hectoliters

1990

2420 thousand hl

2,4 million hectoliters

1995

2979 thousand hl

2,9 million hectoliters

2000

4142 thousand hl

4,1 million hectoliters

2005

5258 thousand hl

5,3 million hectoliters

2010

6304 thousand hl

6,3 million hectoliters

2012

6155 thousand hl

6,2 million hectoliters

2014

6203 thousand hl

6,2 million hectoliters

2016

6939 thousand hl

6,9 million hectoliters

2018

6400 thousand hl

6,4 million hectoliters Beverfood.com Assobirra Althesys ISTAT

EXPORT

1980

217 thousand hl

0,2 million hectoliters

1990

201 thousand hl

0,2 million hectoliters

1995

439 thousand hl

0,4 million hectoliters

2000

428 thousand hl

0,4 million hectoliters

2005

716 thousand hl

0,7 million hectoliters

2010

1869 thousand hl

1,8 million hectoliters

2012

1990 thousand hl

1,9 million hectoliters

2014

1995 thousand hl

2,0 million hectoliters

2016

2581 thousand hl

2,5 million hectoliters

2018

2700 thousand hl

2,7 million hectoliters Beverfood.com Assobirra Althesys ISTAT

CONSUMPTION IN ITALY

1980

9539 thousand hl

9,54 million hectoliters

1990

14372 thousand hl

14,4 million hectoliters

1995

14530 thousand hl

14,5 million hectoliters

2000

16289 thousand hl

16,2 million hectoliters

2005

17340 thousand hl

17,3 million hectoliters

2010

17249 thousand hl

17,2 million hectoliters

2012

17477 thousand hl

17,5 million hectoliters

2014

17729 thousand hl

17,7 million hectoliters

2016

18873 thousand hl

18,9 million hectoliters

2018

19300 thousand hl

19,3 million hectoliters

Beverfood.com Assobirra Althesys

CONSUMPTION PRO-CAPITE ITALY

1980

16,7 liters per year

1990

25,1 liters per year

1995

25,4 liters per year

2000

28,1 liters per year

2005

29,9 liters per year

2010

28,6 liters per year

2012

29,3 liters per year

2014

29,2 liters per year

2016

31,4 liters per year

2018

31,8 liters per year

Beverfood.com Assobirra Althesys

SUMMARY

2010 PRODUCTION

<=

=>

IMPORT

EXPORT

CONSUMPTION

CONSUMPTION PRO-CAPITE

12,8

2014

13,5

2018

15,6

million hl

million hl

million hl

2010

2014

2018

6,3

6,2

6,4

million hl

million hl

million hl

2010

2014

2018

1,8

1,9

2,7

million hl

million hl

million hl

2010

2014

2018

17,2

17,7

19,3

million hl

million hl

million hl

2010

2014

2018

28,6

liters per year

29,2

liters per year

31,8

liters per year

MICRO-BREWERIES IN ITALY

The map include the geographical distribution of “Brew Pub” (producer and seller), “Brewery” (producer but not seller) and “Beer Firm” (producer but without their own factory) in Italy, 2018.

Microbirrifici.org

MICRO-BREWERIES PER REGION BEER FIRM BREWERY BREW PUB TOT. LOMBARDIA

2014 2018

41 106

58 119

21 47

120 272

VENETO

2014 2018

16 43

27 74

15 23

58 140

PIEMONTE

2014 2018

17 38

39 66

17 33

73 137

TOSCANA

2014 2018

11 35

43 74

9 12

63 121

EMILIA ROMAGNA

2014 2018

16 53

21 49

10 17

47 119

LAZIO

2014 2018

24 46

20 50

7 15

51 111

Microbirrifici.org Assobirra annual report

PRODUCTION BREW PUB MILAN

Opening

Name

Craft beers

Status

1999

ZYTHUM

4

Production suspended

2002

IL GIARDINO DELLA BIRRA

4

Active

2004

Q BEER

5

Production suspended, 2004

2011

XIER

7

Active

2015

LA RIBALTA

19

Active (10 hl system at sight)

2018

YANKEE BREWLAB

24

Active

The Framework Law 2016 was an important year. The rules that identify craft beer have been approved, which can be defined as such only if it is produced by small independent breweries and is not subjected to pasteurization and microfiltration processes during the production phase. The regulation also clarifies the definition of “small brewery”, which must be “legally and economically independent of any other brewery”, use facilities “physically distinct from those of any other brewery” and must not operate “under license to use the rights of intangible property of others ”. Limits on annual production: small breweries must not exceed 200 thousand hectoliters per year, including the quantities of beer produced on behalf of third parties.

Microbirrifici.org Websites of each brew pub

BEER IN NUMBERS

BREWERIES IN MILAN

3

4

5

6

1

7

1

Closures

2

Production suspended

1

Opening

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Recently there was a record of breweries openings in Milan. Each one produces (or used to produce) their own beers. The number of breweries that closed in Milan, so far, is 0.

Source: www.microbirrifici.org

WHERE?

SOUTH: 23.6 % NORTH: 52.7 %

Milan

CENTRE: 23.7 %

Most of the consumption of beer takes place in the North of Italy.

The North West (where Milan is located) beats the East, only by consumption of beer, by 29% against 23%.

Datas refer to March 2002, % variations over the previous year.

Source: www.mondobirra.org

INCREASE OF VALUE

Increase of consumption (over 1 year):

+ 7.2 %

Increase of value (over 1 year): + 10.8 %

Brewing is becoming a profitable business in Italy. In fact, the value on beer increases to a higher rate than its consumption.

Source: www.microbirrifici.org

BEER CONSUMPTION BY AGE

MALES

Variation

FEMALES 7

+ 5.2

4

+ 8.3

4

+10.5

4

+ 15.1

65-7

4

+ 4.9

75+

+ 27.6

7

+ 3.7

14-1

4

+ 4.9

18-2

4

+2.1

25-4

4

+5

45-6

65-7

4

+ 5.1

75+

- 15.2

14-1

18-2

25-4 45-6

20%

40%

60%

Variation

20%

40%

1993 2002

Source: www.mondobirra.org

5

REFERENCES

Source: direct experience

LOKAL HOUSE Located in a residential area along an important crossroad, this one storey building, opened on two sides only, was once a gas station. Recently, it was converted in a pub, that offers live music, jam sessions, craft beer and a craft workshop where they build and teach how to build boards.

Its isolated location helped overcoming acoustic problems. It also takes advantage of the several little rooms to organize several activities inside the same building. The wide parking lot in front of it is often used to try the boards, organize competitions or eventually equipped with tables.

Riga, Latvia

Source: direct experience

LUME L.U.ME. (Laboratorio Universitario Metropolitano) is an occupied social centre located in the former Magazzino del Verde of Porta Venezia, developed completely underground. It arranges live music (mainly jazz), plays, film projections and dj sets. Since the space inside is small and does not have direct openings, customers take advantage of the green area in front of the entrance and the steps near the entrance to relax and chat.

Milan, Italy

Source: direct experience

LIDO Located in a former 1950â&#x20AC;&#x2122;s cinema, into an introverted one-storey building, this live club was able to gain a name in the national scene for its concerts and its suggestive location. Besides of the concert hall, it also presents a wide garden, comfortable couch area and lounges, thanks to the many small rooms that compose the building.

Berlin, Germany

Source: direct experience

ANKER’T This “ruin pub” is located into a former residential unit, then converted into a multifunctional space in 2012, with a project by amoeba group + gergő szőke. It presents a wide room that hosts a bar, but at night it is converted in a space for concerts, dj sets and movie projections. The side rooms welcome lounge areas and other functions. The external courtyard was equipped to host a beergarden.

Budapest, Hungary

Source: direct experience

TEATRO SANTâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ANDREA This theatre and artistic laboratory is settled in a XI century church, deconsecrated in 1839 and adapted to serve multiple functions before its final conversion. This introverted space presents a wide central hall and some smaller rooms that perfectly fill the needs of the play.

Pisa, Italy

Source: www.archdaily.com

PUNKRAFT PUNKRAFT is a craft beer bar in Kyiv. This basement spot used to host a cocktail bar. The architects changed the schematic layout of the premises, keeping its kitchen and toilet facilities location, to equip cold room for beer kegs storage and completely redesign the interior including the entrance and guest zones. Stylistically they were inspired by the industrial aesthetics of beer equipment and the philosophy of the craft brewing movement itself such as freedom, punk, experiments and custom production.

Kyiv, Ucrania

Source: www.archdaily.com

PUBLIC BAR Moscow has developed a taste for the so-called speakeasy bars: the entrance to one of these is hidden within the inner courtyard of a XVIII century building in a historic neighborhood situated centrally. It consists in a two-room clandestine underground venue, ironically called the Public Bar.The design concept was implemented in two steps: firstly, the surfaces were coated with the material of choice (concrete) to visually consolidate the space. Secondly, character and intrigue were added by carefully chosen details.

Moscow, Russia

Source: www.designboom.com

JAZZ CLUB During the renovation works on an ancient heritage building from the late 18th century on Viennaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s traditional Berggasse, a bricked up staircase was found. It led to a twelve meters deep, second cellar area with approximately 250 square meters. The circulation and dramaturgy of the cocktail bar starts at an undecorated, narrow entrance door that leads to a first-basement level. This pathway leads directly to the seven-meters main bar. Several alcoves, a hidden booth, the smallest art gallery in Vienna and secret hallways surround the center piece and give the impression of a nearly surreal venu.

Vienna, Austria

Source: direct experience

LABIETIS ALUS BREWERY This one storey historical building hosts the most relevant brewery in the Country, a 170 sm pub that produces and serves their own craft beers. It is provided with a large garden that, during summer, is turned into a beergarden.

Riga, Latvia

Source: www.bierfabriek.com

BIER ALMERE FABRIEK Biere Almere Fabriek allows its customers to have dinner and sip a beer surrounded by huge beer tanks, directly where the beverage they are drinking is produced. It is not only an artisanal beer pub, but also an interesting experience, since customers have the chance to tap their own beer and get to know all the secrets of the production of the most ancient drink on the world. Also this space is composed of a main hall equipped with tables and machineries and several service rooms used as deposits, kitchens and toilets.

Almere, Netherland

Source: direct experience

BIRRIFICIO DI LAMBRATE Birrificio di Lambrate is a successful example of microbrewery born in Milan in 1996. They brew their own beer and they serve it in two different pubs, both located near Lambrate. Their beers became famous and now they expanded their business through direct and online sell of beers that can be found in many places in Northern Italy.

Milan, Italy

Source: detroit.eater.com

BATCH BREWING COMPANY

Detroit, USA

Source: direct experience

HEARTFELT IN THE VINEYARD

Yountville, California, USA

Source: archdaily.com

LATITUDE DONGLI BREWERY Dongli Brewery was created to surprise and indulge patrons with a unique craft beer tasting experience.The concept delivers the expertise gained from working with traditional craft beer fermentation techniques to a contemporary and cozy gathering place. In 2015, the founder of Dongli Brewery decided to open a bar chain in China to provide patrons with a venue to better taste and enjoy craft beer. Among his requirements a key principlewas pointed out: to make visually accessible to customers the process of beer distillation. This350m² space is composed of a main dining area and a VIP room area, a kitchen, and other service areas. The dining area is organized around a bar counter in the center, which is radically accessible from all directions. A battery of eight brewing kettles is located behind a glass wall on one side, making it also visible from the entrance in order to welcome customers. The budget was 140000 USD. Beijing, China

Source: washingtonian.com

BLUEJACKET Second- and third-level mezzanines house the production brewery and a tasting room where guests can try collaboration beers made with other breweries, wineries, and craft distilleries.

Among the equipment is a coolshipâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;where sour beers develop the wild yeasts that give them their tart and complex flavorsâ&#x20AC;&#x201D;and open and closed fermenters.

Tingey St., SE, USA

Source: blogto.com

CRAFT BEER MARKET

Calgary, Canada

6

URBAN FARM RESEARCH

ITALY_Urban green spaces and gardens

2011

2016

Increase of urban green spaces +3.7%

Total of: 564 million sqm Pro Capite: 31 sqm

Increase of urban gardens +51%

2016

Total of: 1.9 million sqm

2018

Increase of urban green spaces +0.7%

Total of: 573 million sqm Pro Capite: 31.7 sqm

Increase of urban gardens +4%

Total of: 2 million sqm

ISTAT 2016 e 2018

ITALY_Urban gardens

2011

2013

2014

2016

2018

+18.5%

+4.9%

+27,6

+4%

Region “Urban farmers”

Urban garden Increase in 5 years

EMILIA ROMAGNA

37%

LOMBARDIA

37,7%

TOSCANA

9%

10,2% of all surface area destined for urban gardens at national level: 193.000 sqm

ISTAT 2016 e 2018 Coldiretti

LOMBARDY

MILANO

74.000

sqm

COMO

21.000

sqm

CREMONA

19.000

sqm

PAVIA

15.700

sqm

MONZA

13.500

sqm

LECCO

10.800

sqm

BRESCIA

9.550

sqm

SONDRIO

8.453

sqm

MANTOVA

8.267

sqm

VARESE

6.650

sqm

BERGAMO

5.500

sqm

LODI

1.296

sqm

First city for urban spaces dedicated to agriculture

ISTAT 2018 Coldiretti

MILAN

AVERAGE COST To make a private traditional hortus in the garden, an investment of around 250 euros can be estimated for 20 square meters “turnkey” to buy: topsoil, pots, fertilizer, tools, nets to delimit crops, various supports, seeds and seedlings.

GREEN BONUS The green desire of Italians in this years, can also count on a new tool which is the green bonus. The garden bonus provides deductions for personal income taxes (income tax on individuals) of 36% of the costs for “greening” jobs of uncovered private areas of existing buildings, real estate units, appliances or fences, irrigation and well construction systems as well as for the construction of green roofs and hanging gardens.

The bonus is applied up to a maximum spending limit of 5,000 euros for interventions on individual real estate units and on condominium external parts.

Coldiretti

DESCRIPTION

The economic crisis, the desire to return to natural rhythms and high unemployment, are pushing Italians to return to get their hands dirty with the earth.

In many areas, including Milan and Bologna, urban gardens were born, often using portions of green areas, often not treated properly, or fields made available by farmers.

Many reasons to use them: from the happiness in being able to cultivate something with your own hands, to the desire to stay in contact with nature, to share spaces with other people and, why not, to save on fruit and vegetables.

Urban gardens require little maintenance and can also be managed after work, as once everything is started, the community that is created self-runs without any particular problems.

Associated with the culture of cultivation, we decided to include in our project spaces to rediscover ancient knowledge of the cultivation of edible aromatic herbs and vegetables.

Regarding aromatic herbs,we focused on the production of 12 types, such as: laurel, dill, basil, coriander, chives, lavender, mint, oregano, parsley, rosemary, sage and thyme.

SEASONAL PRODUCTS AND PRODUCTION

Ortiamo Supradyn

HYPOTHETICAL BUSINESS PLAN_ANALYSIS

Revenues The annual rental price of 80 sqm plots is around € 350 per year.

Assuming an area of ​​1,000 square meters, you can get about 13 plots of land for rent, for an annual revenue of € 4.550 Costs The agricultural land, in residential areas, has an average cost of around 120.000 - 140.000 euros per hectare, which in our case would be 12.000 - 14.000 euros. The advantage of the land is that it does not spoil and therefore does not lose value.

It is also necessary to provide the irrigation system (cost around 450 euros); a small house or a toolbox for each lot (about 13 x 200 = 2.600 euros) and a compost bin every 5/10 lots, depending on the arrangement (so 2 x 100 = 200 euros).

The management costs are mainly 4: 1) Imu on the ground, usually very small; 2) Possible garbage tariff, if the activity falls within the commercial one and it is not possible to pass it as an agricultural one; 3) The cost of water 4) The depreciation cost of equipment and common parts.

Investirefacile

HYPOTHETICAL BUSINESS PLAN_ANALYSIS

The start-up costs are therefore hypothetically: - 12.000 € for land purchase; - 3.250 € for business start-up In terms of income statement we would have: Revenues: 4,550 of potential, therefore we count 3,500 euros when fully operational Costs summary: - financial costs: 350 euros / year - land depreciation: 200 euros / year - equipment depreciation: 600 euros / year - water management cost: 150 euros / year for total costs of 1.300 € The actual income of the land considering all the fixed costs of managing and taxeswill be between 3.250 and 2.200 euros excluding the sale of products.

This would be an activity related to the restaurant so it can be considered as a secondary income. Among the advantages of this type of activity, is the possibility of having, at the end of the investment, a land that constitutes a liquidable asset even after the end of the life cycle.

Investirefacile

KM 0 RESTAURANT RESEARCH

KM 0 RESTAURANT IN MILAN

AREA

NAME

DESCRIPTION

PRICE PER PERSON

ABBIATEGRASSO ERBA BRUSCA Restaurant with garden

Lunch 25€ (Alzaia Naviglio in which they grow: five Pavese, 286) types of thyme, sage, Dinner: 30 € marjoram, rosemary, lovage, yarrow, lemon balm, pimpinella and many other aromatic herbs.

PORTA GENOVA

ORTO ERBE E Lunch 20€ CUCINA A small restaurant (via G. Ferrari, 3) that offers three menus Dinner: 25 € for lunch and dinner: vegetarian, fish and seasonal. All dishes with a maximum of four ingredients in each. Aromatic plants of organic farming: sage, mind, saffron, chamomile, lavender, thyme and other proposals that are renewed month after month, as nature requires.

Lunch 15€ Dinner: 20 € MERCATO ME- Among flowers and TROPOLITANO aromatic herbs, it offers (via Valenza, 2) a small urban garden where to eat and relax

clubmilano.net erbabrusca.it ortomilano.it unpostoamilano.it

KM 0 RESTAURANT IN MILAN

AREA

NAME

DESCRIPTION

PRICE PER PERSON

ABBIATEGRASSO ERBA BRUSCA Restaurant with garden

Lunch 25€ (Alzaia Naviglio in which they grow: five Pavese, 286) types of thyme, sage, Dinner: 30 € marjoram, rosemary, lovage, yarrow, lemon balm, pimpinella and many other aromatic herbs.

PORTA GENOVA

ORTO ERBE E Lunch 20€ CUCINA A small restaurant (via G. Ferrari, 3) that offers three menus Dinner: 25 € for lunch and dinner: vegetarian, fish and seasonal. All dishes with a maximum of four ingredients in each. Aromatic plants of organic farming: sage, mind, saffron, chamomile, lavender, thyme and other proposals that are renewed month after month, as nature requires.

Lunch 15€ Dinner: 20 € MERCATO ME- Among flowers and TROPOLITANO aromatic herbs, it offers (via Valenza, 2) a small urban garden where to eat and relax

clubmilano.net erbabrusca.it ortomilano.it unpostoamilano.it

HYPOTHETICAL INCOME_ANALYSIS

Amount of gross Hours/Day

Days/Week

n. of workers

€/hour

salaries/week in €

Waiters

8

6

4

8

1536

Maitre

8

6

1

11

528

Chef

8

6

1

15

720

Chef assistant

8

6

2

9

864

Scullion

8

6

1

7

336 Tot

Case 1

3984

Case 1

Number of seats

80

90

Average price at lunch in €

18

18

Average price at dinner in €

25

25

Number of lunches per week

6

6

Number of dinners per week

6

6

Ernings for lunches

8640

9720

Ernings for dinners

12000

13500

Total gross income per week in €

20640

23220

Net income per week in € (excluding salaries)

16656

19236

8870.40

10676.40

52

52

2

2

443520

533820

60000

60000

383520

473820

Net income per week in € with a tax at 30% Number of weeks per year Closing period (weeks/year) Net income per year in € Average supplier costs/year Net income per year in €

Buisiness Plan 2016_Ristorante Buonaserra Neuvoo.it

7

REFERENCES

Source: www.airfield.ie

AIRFIELD ESTATE Airfield offers a place where you can reflect, be replenished and celebrate the connection between people and nature in a stunning natural environment. Here, among the various proposed activities, it is possible to visit the kitchen gardens where food is grown for the ‘field to fork’ Overend’s Kitchen. Overends Kitchen is the perfect place to enjoy the taste of Airfield on a plate: fresh and organic food is picked up daily from the gardens, cooked and served to their guest.

Dublin, Ireland

Source: .thegreenhouserestaurant

THE GREEN HOUSE The Green House is a circular restaurant where chefs prepare the tastiest dishes from ingredients from their own urban farm and from the region. Where you enjoy eating and drinking all day in a hospitable, comfortable environment.

A green hub where you meet and where you can organize events. Where you are inspired by stories and encounters about how things can be done differently, more sustainably. It is conceivea as a circular world in which waste does not exist.

Utrecht, Netherland

Source: noma.dk

NOMA Noma is often considered one of the most famous restaurants in the world. They were able to turn a meal into an experience by designing a place that perfectly matches with the restaurant menu and manifesto. They serve fresh food that merges local traditions, historical cooking techniques and selected producer to provide a unique service. They have several greenhouses that allow them to serve their products as soon as the are collected, ensuring an healty and high quality food.

Copenhagen, Denmark

Source: archiportale.com

ERBA BRUSCA Erba Brusca was born to carry on the aim of an old and famous milanese restaurant, l’Osteria del Tubetto, that the owners of “Ratanà” restaurant decided to refurbish and bring back serving fresh food to their clients. At the borders between city and countryside, along the Naviglio Pavese, this restaurant appears as a link between the rural dimension of Milan’s outskits, that the city is gradually losing, and the new needs of its inabitant, but avoiding to repeat common clichè. The interiors and the exteriors are both carefully designed according to the spirit and the aim of the restaurant: natural materials, attention to details, natural colors and simple furniture that reinterpretates everyday objects such as fruit boxes. The garden daily provides fresh spieces.

Source: haoma.dk

HAOMA Discretely hidden in the centre of the city Haoma is the the only casual fine dining farmto-table restaurant in Bangkok. Guests will have the advantage of exclusivity in a stunning garden oasis surrounded by organic herbs and luscious plants. Haoma restaurant design is modern and stylish with a unique rustic edge. Their restaurantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s design have been featured all over the world in numerous lifestyle magazines.

Bangkok, Thailand

Source: www.ignant.com

STEDSANS Having dinner at Stedsans in Copenhagen is an adventure from the very beginning. After a 20-minute bicycle ride, you’ll climb up a steep spiral fire escape and you arrive at a green oasis with a view over the city, Scandinavia’s first rooftop farm and urban garden ØsterGRO. After a short walk through the garden, you’ll find Stedsans, a unique restaurant on a roof located in a greenhouse. Their mission is to serve food that is “clean, simple and local”. Stedsans, which refers to the idea of ‘a sense of place’ in Danish, has a menu that focuses on plants and vegetables from organic farmers in the region.

Copenhagen, Denmark

Source: kaantopoyta.fi

TURNTABLE The turntable is a laboratory for sustainable food production and urban planning in Pasila’s yard, and a center for peer learning and urban culture. Pasila’s yard has been the starting point for urban farming in the environmental organization Dodo since 2009, when the first urban plant was founded. Founded in 2012, Kääntöpöti serves as an experimental field for urban culture and as a source of learning and inspiration.

Helsinki, Finland

8

MATERIALS

STAINLESS STEEL HANDRAIL new minimalist and essential line composed by assembled and curves flat elements with modular system without welds and bolts on sight. Stainless Steel Railing with 40x12 mm Flat Baluster produced by Fer Metal di Feriseri Francesco & Company Cost: â&#x201A;Ź5.90 / kg

LOCATION

CERAMIC STRIPS GUIDE FOR BLINDS Easily applicable ceramic strips to make 1, 2 or 3 lanes of guidance and orientation for blind or visually impaired people. Usefull for both indoor and outdoor produced by Pastorelli.

Cost: â&#x201A;¬10 / ml

LOCATION

PORCELAIN STONEWARE DISC TACTILE SIGNALS The discs are colored to create the visual and tactile contrast which they can be fixed with glue to the floor and any other surfaces. They are eco-friendly with unlimited life and they provide a nonslip surface.

Diameter 25 mm Thickness 5 mm for exteriors and 3 mm for interiors produced by Lo Scalino.

LOCATION

PORCELAIN STONEWARE PAVEMENT ( INTERIOR) Timber series rustic wood effect porcelain stoneware which is 15x90 size and available in five colors (white, gray, black, brown, camel) Cost: 16.99 â&#x201A;¬ / sqm

LOCATION

CERAMIC TILES PAVEMENT (INTERIOR) Hexagonal size porcelain stoneware size 40x35x20, thickness 10mm, available in three solid colors and two patchwork effect decoration.

Cost : 24.99 â&#x201A;¬ / sqm

LOCATION

CERAMIC TILES WALL FINISHING Brick Inspiration is a ceramic wall coveringline that pays homage to the typical tiles,with an interplay between new geometries and three-dimensional effects.

10x30 cm size which In each box you will find different tiles inserted at random, to be laid without a precise pattern and color.

Produced by Gruppo Ceramiche Ricchetti S.p.A Cost: 20-40 â&#x201A;Ź / sqm

LOCATION

PLASTER WALL FINISHING Plaster is a material used for the protective or decorative coating of walls and ceilings and for moulding and casting decorative elements with different colors.

LOCATION

BRICK WALL FINISHING The term brick refers to small units of building material, often made from fired clay and secured with mortar, a bonding agent comprising of cement, sand, and water.

Long a popular material, brick retains heat, with-stands corrosion, and resists fire.

Dimensions: 63x240x115 mm Cost: â&#x201A;Ź28.60 / sqm

LOCATION

PORFIDO PAVEMENT Porphyry has excellent technical characteristics not subject to alteration, a high degree of compactness with excellent resistance to mechanical stresses and shocks.

It can be used for all external and internal applications, from floors to walls, even in cold and wet climates and with high temperature ranges.

Cost : â&#x201A;Ź17.50 / mq

LOCATION

COMPRESSED PANEL INSULATION ACOUSTIC & THERMAL INSULATION Cork is the natural and ecological materiali deal for acoustic and thermal insulation.

Building insulation responds to a need to respect towards the environment, economic saving and Improve living comfort of individuals.

The cost of an insulation system made of cork, in the high level, for a living unit, is lower than any other aesthetic intervention and produces lasting effects over time.

Cost: â&#x201A;Ź 6.85 / mq (6 cm)

LOCATION

SOUNDPROOF INSULATION ACOUSTIC INSULATION Acoustic panels are sound absorbing panels placed on walls or the ceiling to control and reduce noise, eliminate slap echo and control comb filtering in a room. The objective is to enhance the properties of sound by improving sound quality with sound absorbing panels. Acustic panels main function is to reduce, but not entirely eliminate, resonance within the room.

Cost : â&#x201A;Ź24.56

LOCATION

COPPER PIPES PIPING SYSTEM Copper is relatively inert to both wort and beer and superior in strength, durability, and appearance to the other piping options.. With regular use, it will build up a stable oxide layer that will protect it from any further interaction with the wort. Only minimal cleaning is necessary.

They are more susceptible to leak, they provide even heat transfer and easy cleaning.

Copper has the highest heat exchange rate and will chill the wort faster than stainless steel.

Cost: â&#x201A;Ź 7, 99 / m ( Ă&#x2DC; 22 mm)

LOCATION

WARMSET : LAMINATED HEAT TECHNOLOGY HEATING SYSTEM Warmset heating membrane is a radiation heating system.

The adiating element consists of two aluminum conductors embedded in different plastic fi lms, exactly overlapped, completely recyclable. This element is laid down on a polypropylene net support with a fi xed width of 50 cm and a length which is variable from 1 m to 40 m.

Cost: â&#x201A;Ź 65 / mq

MACRO-POROUS THERMAL MORTAR THERMAL INSULATION Transpiring and macroporous, heat-insulating fireproof fibre-reinforced dampproofing plaster, based on natural hydraulic lime, for renovating walls affected by capillary rising damp and surfacing salts, for external wall insulation and for fire protection.

Cost: 26.87 / m

LOCATION

9

DESIGN PHASE

APRÃ&#x2C6;S A C Q U A

P O T A B I L E

Real Experience to share

O N E T W O

I N V E S T M E N T S C E N A R I O S

C O N T E N T S ANALYSIS

1. Historical Analysis 2. Architecture of water tanks in Milan PHASE 1: BREW PUB

3. Beer Trends in ITaly and Milan 4. Business Plan 5. Materials PHASE 2: LONG TERM SCENARIO

6. Experience Economy 7. Urban gardens and km0 restaurant 8. Business Plan

HISTORICAL ANALYSIS

All the historical centres, meaning with this term those realized in the first half of the twentieth century, have been restructured over time.

The building interventions have transformed the interiors, adapting them to the new functional and plant requirements, while leaving some traces of the period elements.

For an analysis of the interiors, we must therefore rely mainly on the original design drawings and period photographs. The loadbearing structures and the external composition have instead remained unchanged and pass on their architectural and urban history also to visual observation.

FUNCTIONALITY AND INTERIOR DECORATION Looking at the iconography of the time one is struck by the functional

1

compositional and distributive solutions, with finishes and furnishings also of value. For example, great attention is paid to the engine room, conceived as a place to be â&#x20AC;&#x153;proudlyâ&#x20AC;? displayed, so much so that it is often ennobled by fine finishes (ceramic, wrought iron, marbles) and by decorations painted on the walls and on the high and airy ceilings. The lamps are of excellent workmanship and design, reflect the taste of the moment and adequately illuminate the rooms. Also the cast iron pillars, used in the centres of the beginning of the century, have the capitals and the base molded in beautiful shapes; an example, specially brought to light and enhanced following recent technical and spatial adjustments, is still visible in the Central Park. Another example of preserved antique furniture is the monumental and artistic wrought-iron staircase of the Comasina plant.

The elevated building of the historic Aqueduct Centres was designed to be exhibited and clearly identifiable, as was done for other publicly owned buildings built by the Municipality of Milan. For each of these building, achieving architectural quality was just as important as functionality and economy. In the first half of the twentieth century the Cagnola, Parini, Armi, Benedetto Marcello, Cenisio, Comasina, Trotter, Poggi, Martini, Gorla, Tonezza, Espinasse, Suzzani and San Siro centres were built on top.

Centrale Parini construction corresponded in plan only to the entrance area; the engine room, too cumbersome to be elevated, had been built all underground and only a part of the roof emerged from the ground where low windows were made necessary for its illumination. Outside is placed an English garden.

For the Centrale Armi was adopted the Liberty style, a language that characterized many buildings in the surronding area in which it was inserted. In Benedetto Marcello and Cenisio there was extensive use of brick and frames decorated according to the buildings in the area. The project for the Trotter plant was strongly influenced by the presence of the Park. The buildings Poggi, Martini, Gorla, Tonezza, Espinasse and Suzzani were especially affected by the time they were built; in their constructions we can still see linearity of volumes and decorations in use in the architecture of the Twenties and Thirties, typical of the language proposed by the currents of Rationalism and the Milanese Twentieth century.

Two types of architecture, one

(Ercore Marelli photographic archive_1906)

Architecture in elevated and underground architecture: between exhibition and camouflage it is almost a maximum synthesis of the criteria experimented up to then.

As regards the underground stations, it is necessary to distinguish between the purely urban context of squares and large avenues and the context of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s historical parks.

In the urban context we have Vercelli, Maggiolina, Beatrice dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Este, Indipendenza, Crema and Naples with regard to the lifting stations of the first type, therefore without the accumulation tank; Cantore and Ovidio among those of the second type.

ARCHITECTURE OF WATER TANKS IN MILAN

The Maggiolina was part of the Technical Office plan of June 8th. The potential of the plant was set at 400l/s and for the machines. For economic reasons it was preferred to drill 28 wells with a diameter of m. 0.30, instead of thirteen or fourteen of the usual diameters of m. 0.80.

Greatest attention was paid to the technical aspects and to reach the best economy. In whole pumping centers, only the word “ACQUA POTABILE” (drinking water) placed at the entrance, stated that below were the machines for raising drinking water.

In the first subterranean water tanks, only the roof and the terminal part of the walls emerged from the ground along which narrow windows were protected by railings, to illuminate the underground spaces. The extrados of the roof was generally surrounded by a wrought iron railing that also had decorative features, attention

2

confirmed by the careful selection of the covering materials. The building was completely underground and the roof surface is treated as a lawn and surrounded by a low fence.

The only exception to the type just described is constituted by the Maggiolina water tank, built above ground and designed so as to blend into the green, therefore almost hypogean and surfacing on the surface only to form a terrace with a balustrade.

The architectural treatment of the façade (north-east), without showing a particular refinement in the formal or material solutions, is marked by a sober decorum that alludes to the monumentality typical of public buildings of the early XX century and which is expressed in square holes framed, in fake ashlar smooth with horizontal partition and in the architraved portal, bearing the word “drinking water”.

PHASE

B R E W

I P U B

3 BEER TRENDS IN ITALY AND MILAN Summary of reasearch

More info on the beer research booklet

BEER TRENDS IN ITALY Overall view of the market

More info on the beer research booklet

2010 PRODUCTION

<=

=>

IMPORT

EXPORT

CONSUMPTION

CONSUMPTION PRO-CAPITE

12,8

2014

13,5

2018

15,6

million hl

million hl

million hl

2010

2014

2018

6,3

6,2

6,4

million hl

million hl

million hl

2010

2014

2018

1,8

1,9

2,7

million hl

million hl

million hl

2010

2014

2018

17,2

17,7

19,3

million hl

million hl

million hl

2010

2014

2018

28,6

liters per year

29,2

liters per year

31,8

liters per year

MICRO-BREWERIES PER REGION In 2014 and 2018.

More info on the beer research booklet

Beer Firm

Brewery

Brew Pub

Total

LOMBARDIA

2014 2018

41 106

58 119

21 47

120 272

VENETO

2014 2018

16 43

27 74

15 23

58 140

PIEMONTE

2014 2018

17 38

39 66

17 33

73 137

TOSCANA

2014 2018

11 35

43 74

9 12

63 121

EMILIA ROMAGNA

2014 2018

16 53

21 49

10 17

47 119

LAZIO

2014 2018

24 46

20 50

7 15

51 111

BREWERIES IN MILAN RECORD OF OPENINGS IN MILAN, NO CLOSURE More info on the beer research booklet

3

4

5

6

7

1

1

Closures

2

Production suspended

1

Opening

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

INCREASE OF VALUE AND CONSUMPTION CONSUMPTION BY AGE AND GENDER. IN 1993 AND 2002

Increase of consumption (over 1 year): Brewing is becoming a profitable business in Italy. In fact, the value on beer increases to a higher rate than its consumption.

+ 7.2 %

Increase of value (over 1 year): + 10.8 %

MALES

Variation

FEMALES

Variation

7 14-1

+ 3.7

7 14-1

+ 5.2

4 18-2

+ 4.9

4 18-2

+ 8.3

4

+2.1

25-4

4

+10.5

4

+5

45-6

4

+ 15.1

4 65-7

+ 5.1

4 65-7

+ 4.9

75+

- 15.2

75+

+ 27.6

25-4 45-6

20%

1993 2002

40%

60%

20%

40%

BUSINESS PLAN

4

COSTS AND PROFITS FOR THE BREW PUB Production of 400hl of beer/year

Renovating the abondaned water tank into the brewery and combining with an experience has led to give a new spirit to the common habit of socializing and open the way of bring the consumer and the producer one step closer to each other.

A place to appriciate the local industry and to reach the sense of individuality in matter of taste and choice given by the modern culture interests.

A building in center of Piazza Carbonari will then be the new heart of the neighborhood, putting inhabitants beside each other and hosting everyone with any situation.

A project offers different functions related will be the solution of revolution of the area. The location of the building in the green space, gives a unique opportunity to bring up the

social activities to an urban surface which could be a transparent and open terrace on the rooftop of the brewery, a platform for the special events such as music, live performances and even spontenous activities. Beside the fact that this project is designed by the minimum cost as possible without changing the major characteristic of the building, will bring a new point of view to the area in a positive way and break down the prejudices that coming from the memories.

INTERVENTIONS D em o l it i o n Demolition of the wall Demolition of the interior flooring Removal of false ceiling Removal of sanitary equipment Windows frame Iron grating Remove the old railing system Demolition of the plaster Demolition of the exterior flooring

U.M.

UNITY COST

QUANTITY

TOTAL COST

mq mq mq cad mq mq mq mq mq

91.03 10.15 9.24 24.79 20.49 7.18 9.90 17.23 6.60

21 408.77 76.90 2 18.16 18.16 4.27 1028.43 209.33

1911.63 4149.02 710.56 49.58 372.10 130.39 42.32 17714.71 1381.58

C le a n in g Removal of surface deposit Disinfestation by biological organism Dehumidification Desalinization

mq mq mq mq

51.00 50.90 6.20 6.55

1650.80 46.92 1028.43 1028.43

84190.80 2388.23 6376.27 6736.22

C on s o li d a ti o n Outside staircase bearing wall Reinforcement of demolished bearing wall

mq ml

278.09 150

27.65 14.6

7689.19 2190.00

P ro t e ct i o n Application of Rasocem grip Raising dump Safety on site

mq ml mq

18.23 200 1.03

1028.43 98.09 408.77

18748.28 19618.00 421.03

C on s t ru c t io n Liquid anti-radon membrane (10lt=11.25mq) Macro-porose thermal mortar (4cm) Compressed panel insulation (6cm) Soundproof insulation Concrete screed (3cm) Flooring in porcelain wood Flooring in esagonal ceramic tiles Electrical system Warmset - heating system Brick cladding Sanitary equipment Sanitary equipment for disables Elevator Stripes for blind people Flooring for terrace New railing system (25 kg/mq)

kg mq mq mq mq mq mq mq mq mq cad cad cad ml mq kg

72.10 26.87 6.85 24.56 15 16.99 24.99 29.7 65 28.60 374.47 1167.03 25137.30 10 17.50 5.90

1028.43 1028.43 1028.43 405.98 408.77 345.78 92.17 408.77 408.77 161.53 6 2 1 216.36 216.36 106.86

6591.09 2456.35 626.20 886.30 6131.55 5874.80 2303.38 12140.47 26570.05 4619.74 2246.82 2334.06 25137.30 2163.60 3786.30 630.49

TOTALE Cost/mq Machinery

279318.38 683.31 150000

TOTALE

429318.38

Pro ducti on o f bee r per 1hl Water Cereals

Price 500 L

1.37 €/mc

16 kg

70 €/qt

Yeast

0.8 kg

50 €/kg

Hops

0.3 kg

17 €/kg

9 kw

0.36 €/kw

Energy production

Pro ducti on o f bee r/yae r

400 hl

Water

274 €

Cereals

373 €

Yeast

1333 €

Hops

170 €

Energy production

108 €

General energy consuption

100 €

Gas : Consideriamo 75 watt di potenza elettrica ogni metro quadro e il consumo medio annuo di

4.11 €/mc

Brew pub (mc)

1600

€/year

6576

tot €/month

548

Ord inary mai ntena nce

100 €

Foo d

0.5 €/person

People/day

200

€/day

100

€/month

3000

Total production and maintenance

6007

Sal aries

Amount of gross Hours/Day

Days/Week

n. of workers

€/hour

salaries/week in €

Guide

8

6

1

8

384

Bartender

8

6

2

8

768

Cashier

8

6

1

8

384

Beer producer

8

6

2

10

960

Scullion

8

6

1

7

336 Tot/week

2832

Amount of gross week/month

salaries/week in €

4

1536

4

3072

4

1536

4

3840

4

1344

Tot/month

Total production and maintenance

11328

6007 €

TOTAL EXPENCES

17335 €

BUS INESS PRO FIT - Brew pub number of people/day number of people/month liter/person Beer needed (l/month) Beer needed (hl/month) Beer producted (ht/month)

TOTAL PROFITS

200 6000 0.5

price (€)

3000 30 0.00

18665 €

6 Tot/month

36000

DESIGN FOR ALL Accessibility for everyone

Design for All started by looking at barrier-free and accessibility for people with disabilities but has become a strategy for mainstream, inclusive solutions.

As highlighted by the European Commission, it is about ensuring that environments, products, services and interfaces work for people of all ages and abilities in different situations and under various circumstances.

A more accessible product benefits everyone, NOT just visitors with permanent challenges.

The design has most often benefits for all, but it also add more options for entering, viewing and formatting information, removing barriers to navigation, and repairing flaws in the user experience.

In these ways, accessible design helps

5

build a better user experience that not only accommodates, but delights.

To apply this strategy to the project, the attention was devoted, in a detail scale, to people with limitated motor or sight capacity.

They will have the possibility to reach the building, using tactile flooring stripes, and to enter through the new elevator (provided with voice support) both of the underground and terrace level.

Once inside tactile stripes and dots will lead them in the main core of the brew pub which is connected on one hand to the main counter and on the other, to the shop .

On the outside the tactile path is still present but some main informations are also given in braille language on the handrails limiting the stone paving.

PORCELAIN STONEWARE Dimensions: 15x90 cm Costs: 16,99 €/m2

BRICKS CLADDING Dimensions: 5,5X12X25 cm Costs: 18,80 €/m2

6

CERAMIC TILES Dimensions: max. 20 cm Costs: 24,99 €/m2

MATERIAL COLLAGE AXONOMETRY OF THE BREW PUB INTERIORS MATERIAL APPEARANCE AND COSTS

7 DRAWINGS Technical drawings and views

T H E

B R E W

P U B

B

A

A

B

15

2 312 4 51314

1 2 3 4 5 6

7 8 910 114 5

ROOF SYSTEM 2 - Plaster (1cm) 3 - Macroporose thermal mortar (4cm) 12 - Acoustic insulation panels(3cm) 4 - Liquid vapour membrane anti-radon 5 - Rasocem grip by ruredil (2mm x 3 layers) 13 - Existing roof (dimensions unknown) 14 - Moltrasio stones (2cm) 15 - Railing in steel WALL SYSTEM 1 - Copper pipe (d=5cm) 2 - Plaster (1cm) 3 - Macroporose thermal mortar (4cm) 4 - Radon block: Liquid vapour membrane anti-radon (3.5mm)

5 - Rasocem grip by ruredil (2mm x 3 layers) 6 - Existing pillar (55cm) SLAB SYSTEM 7 - Iperceramica gres tiles (1cm) 8 - Cement screed (3cm) 9 - PE sheet (0.2cm) 10 - Warmset (0.25cm) 11 - Compressed panel insulation (6cm) 4 - Liquid vapour membrane anti-radon 5 - Rasocem grip by ruredil (2mm x 3 layers)

SUSTAINABLE DESIGN Red and Blue folding chair

by Gauthier Linon and Tom Desinde

8

Wood is a historic, classic, and durable building material that has leant longevity, aesthetics, and a natural flair to design for thousands of years.

pages was designed by Gauthier Linon and Tom Desinde for Architecture of interior design studio at Polytechnic of Milan Master Program.

Wood is a perfect design material to use for its tactility, rich colors, and versatility. There are few architectural traditions that do not use wood for the built environment, and with a quick look around, wood is everywhere, from the structure and surfaces of our spaces to much of the furniture we use daily.

The chair represented a study conducted on the Red and Blue Chair designed in 1917 by Gerrit Rietveld, one of the first explorations by the De Stijl art movement in three dimensions.

Wood is a poetic living material that continues to evolve with time. Some wood pieces go back generations, from trees never heard of or seen, built with techniques that are rarely used today.

It smells wonderful, and holds a patina giving it character and personality that people always compliment.

Following all the above reasons the wood chair showed in the following

It merge the tradition of the well-known construction material and the renowed design of the original model, together with the innovative folding system.

The folding system perfectly suits the functional and smart use of space needed for the storage without loosing design quality.

It is â&#x20AC;&#x153;RAW and simpleâ&#x20AC;? furniture, with a minimalistic design.

Morover, the ecomonical aspect of the reproduction is widely advantageous.

II

PHASE

L O N G T E R M S C E N A R I O

EXPERIENCE ECONOMY

9

July–August 1998, Harvard Business Review

Experiences have emerged as the next step in what is called the “Progression of economic value”.

Nowadays, consumers unquestionably desire experiences, and more and more businesses are responding by explicitly designing and promoting them.

It is as real an offering as any service, good, or commodity. In today’s service economy, many companies simply wrap experiences around their traditional offerings to sell them better.

An experience occurs when a company intentionally uses services as the stage, and goods as props, to engage individual customers in a way that creates a memorable event. Commodities are fungible, goods tangible, services intangible, and experiences memorable.

The question, then, isn’t whether, but when—and how—to enter the emerging experience economy.

One way to think about experiences is across two dimensions. The first corresponds to customer participation.

At one end of the spectrum lies passive participation, in which customers don’t affect the performance at all.

Such participants include symphonygoers, for example, who experience the event as observers or listeners. At the other end of the spectrum lies active participation, in which customers play key roles in creating the performance or event that yields the experience.

The last describes the connection, or environmental relationship, that unites customers with the event or performance.

Experiences, have to meet a customer needs. What they should ask themselves is “what specific experience will my company offer?” That experience will come to define their business.

An effective theme is concise and compelling. But the theme must drive all the design elements and staged events of the experience toward a unified story line that wholly captivates the customer.

2011

2013

2014

2016

2018

+18.5%

+4.9%

+27,6

+4%

Total of: 1.9 million sqm

Region “Urban farmers”

Urban garden Increase in 5 years

EMILIA ROMAGNA

37%

LOMBARDIA

37,7%

TOSCANA

9%

2

Total of: million sqm

10,2% of all surface area destined for urban gardens at national level: 193.000 sqm

10 INCREASE OF URBAN GARDEN IN ITALY AND BY REGION

More info on urban garden research booklet

BUSINESS PLAN COSTS AND PROFITS FOR THE URBAN GARDEN AND KM 0 RESTAURANT

The perfect combination for those who want to enjoy the pleasure of food without sacrificing aspects social, cultural and relational.

In this regard, a long-term project has been devised that can not only bring out the flavors and regional tastes, but to transport them beyond the borders, throughout the national territory.

Create an innovative restaurant with attached greenhouse, located in the city center area, having one dual functionality: that of producing local products and that of informing the consumer illustrating how to cultivate the same depending on the season.

This project represents the first type of innovative and sustainable restaurant in Italy and sees its strong point precisely in the greenhouse: the possibility of producing raw materials

11 directly to the place where they are consumed, to see how these naturally grow, the pleasure of feeling in close contact with nature, of understanding and appreciating its physiological times they are all elements that are increasingly difficult to find in a frenetic and chaotic society, but which the customer research more and more.

Optimizing the two fundamental activities (agricultural production and selling in the same place) the greenhouse can today represent an excellent “continuity solution” between agriculture and restaurant, integrating well with the owner’s primary activity and helping him to reduce the initial investment cost in good time.

REVENUES The annual rental price of 80 sqm plots is around € 350 per year. Assuming an area of ​​1,000 square meters, you can get about 13 plots of land for rent, for an annual revenue of € 4.550 COSTS The agricultural land, in residential areas, has an average cost of around 120.000 - 140.000 euros per hectare, which in our case would be 12.000 14.000 euros. The advantage of the land is that it does not spoil and therefore does not lose value.

It is also necessary to provide the irrigation system (cost around 450 euros); a small house or a toolbox for each lot (about 13 x 200 = 2.600 euros) and a compost bin every 5/10 lots, depending on the arrangement (so 2 x 100 = 200 euros).

The management costs are mainly 4: 1) Imu on the ground, usually very small; 2) Possible garbage tariff, if the activity falls within the commercial one and it is not possible to pass it as an agricultural one; 3) The cost of water 4) The depreciation cost of equipment and common parts.

The start-up costs are therefore hypothetically: - 12.000 € for land purchase; - 3.250 € for business start-up In terms of income statement we would have: Revenues: 4,550 of potential, therefore we count 3,500 euros when fully operational COSTS SUMMARY - financial costs: 350 euros / year - land depreciation: 200 euros / year - equipment depreciation: 600 euros / year - water management cost: 150 euros / year for total costs of 1.300 € The actual income of the land considering all the fixed costs of managing and taxeswill be between 3.250 and 2.200 euros excluding the sale of products.

This would be an activity related to the restaurant so it can be considered as a secondary income. Among the advantages of this type of activity, is the possibility of having, at the end of the investment, a land that constitutes a liquidable asset even after the end of the life cycle.

Amount of gross Hours/Day

Days/Week

n. of workers

€/hour

salaries/week in €

Waiters

8

6

4

8

1536

Maitre

8

6

1

11

528

Chef

8

6

1

15

720

Chef assistant

8

6

2

9

864

Scullion

8

6

1

7

336 Tot

Case 1

3984

Case 1

Number of seats

80

90

Average price at lunch in €

18

18

Average price at dinner in €

25

25

Number of lunches per week

6

6

Number of dinners per week

6

6

Ernings for lunches

8640

9720

Ernings for dinners

12000

13500

Total gross income per week in €

20640

23220

Net income per week in € (excluding salaries)

16656

19236

8870.40

10676.40

52

52

2

2

443520

533820

60000

60000

383520

473820

Net income per week in € with a tax at 30% Number of weeks per year Closing period (weeks/year) Net income per year in € Average supplier costs/year Net income per year in €

12 DRAWINGS Technical drawings and views

T H E

K M 0

R E S T A U R A N T

AFTER

10 PORTER

11 12 13 14 15

AFTER

5 LAGER

17 1 23456

AFTER

AFTER

6 WEISS

17

1 2 3 7 8 9 10

AFTER

9

5 LAGER

ROOF SYSTEM 1 - Cell frame system support (1cm) 2 - Led lights (0.2cm) 3 - Concrete slab (25cm) 4 - Waterproof membrane (0.5cm) 5 - Concrete slab (25cm) 6 - Cement screed (slope 5mm) FACADE SYSTEM 11 - Cement pot (35cm) 12 - Ceppo di Grè (5cm) 13 - Concrete facade (25cm) 14 - Double glass (2.4cm) 15 - Aluminium support (6.8cm) 16 - Cell frame glass 17 - Led writing (3cm)

SLAB SYSTEM 1 - Cell frame system support(1cm) 2 - Led lights (0.2cm) 3 - Concrete slab (25cm) 7 - Steel frame 8 - Thermal insulation (4cm) 9 - Warmset (0.25cm) 10 - PE sheet (0.2cm)

BREW PUB: APRÈS Budget

Market trends in Milan

280.000€

Cheap material Low maintenance

37% 57%

430.000€

investment including machines

m 25 i l i o 20 n

increase

+5.6% Consumption per 5 years

h e 15 c t o l 10 i t e r 5 s

increase

+4.5% Production

per 5 years

0 2000

Total expected income

2005

2010

2014

2018

0

Brew pub closed in Milan

Experience Economy Design

220.000€/year

1 PARTECIPATION 2 USER ENGAGEMENT

Taking in account:

3 ADDED VALUE

- MAINTENANCE: - personal - equipment - ordinary maintenance

17.335€/year THE FIRST SELF-TAP EXPERIENCE IN MILAN

Investment paid back in:

15 months

KM 0 RESTAURANT: APRÈS Budget

Market trends in Milan

470.000€

Available budget

m 580 i l 570 i o 560 n s q m

63%

increase

+0.88% green areas

every 2 years

550

increase

+11.6% urban gardens

2 1.5

every 2 years

1 2011

+3 years

320.000€ budget including machines

brew pub income

Expected income

KM 0 restaurant with a generally small aromatic garden in Milan

2016

0

2018 KM 0 restaurant with an extend urban garden in the city

1 FARMING FOR RESIDENTS 2 INTERACTIVE COUSINE

Taking in account:

Investment paid back in:

2014

Experience Economy Design

470.000€/year - MAINTENANCE: - personal - suppliers - ordinary maintenance -taxes

5

2013

3 HEALTY AND LOCAL FOOD

69.755€/year

24 months

THE FIRST KM 0 RESTAURANT WHERE YOU CAN PICK UP THE INGREDIENTS OF YOUR OWN MEAL

10

PRODUCTS & MERCHANDISING

11

BIBLIOGRAPHY & SITOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY

HISTORICAL RESEARCH - Ippolito Edmondo Ferrario and Gianluca Padovan, “Alla scoperta di Milano sotterranea: passaggi segreti, cripte, gallerie, labirinti e cunicoli tutti da esplorare”, publisher Newton Compton, 2018.

- Gian Luca Lapini, “Le origini del civico acquedotto di Milano” part of Milano tecnica a collection of essays, here the link http://www. storiadimilano.it/citta/la_citta.htm - Bianca Dendena, “Paesaggi d’acqua: Milano e dintorni”, publisher Fondazione Feltrinelli, 2018 - “Architettura dell’acqua a Milano: dai sistemi di gestione storici al ruolo di Metropolitana Milanese” abstract of the 10-11th April 2015 Congress at Polythecnic of Milan, author unknown.

- Gianluca Padovan e Maria Antonietta Breda “Archeologia dell’acqua potabile a Milano” BAR Publishing, 30 aprile 2018

SITOGRAPHY

HISTORICAL RESEARCH -http://www.02blog.it/post/49037/i-luoghi-abbandonati-di-milanoledificio-dellacqua-potabile-al-trotter (by Andrea S., 16th August 2013) https://www.teknoring.com/news/restauro/a-milano-rinasceil-parco-trotter/?sso=0S0S7LNATQP146M0L8JF8RV8C4 (16th December 2012) - http://www.milanounderground.it/category/pillole-di-storia/ (28th May 2018 ) -http://www.lombardiabeniculturali.it/architetture/schede/LMD8000910/ (Pdf of the technical report of “Palazzina dell’acqua Maggiolina”, Robert Ribaudo, 6TH September 2016) - https://www.milanoblu.com/milanoblu-edu/la-vecchia-milano/ - https://vecchiamilano.wordpress.com/2010/10/14/piazza-carbonari/ (by Vecchiamilano, 14th October 2010)

SITOGRAPHY

PALAZZINE DELLâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ACQUA POTABILE - https://www.milanoreporter.it/lacqua-e-vita-la-centrale-dellacquadi-via-anfossi-diventa-palcoscenico-per-il-teatro/ (Lucrezia Lessio, June 2015) - https://mapio.net/place/20613168/ - http://www.lift01.com/lift/beltramini/acquedotto.htm -http://milanocittadellescienze.it/it/fotografia/per-una-storia-delleutilities/ (Maria Antonietta Breda, 2015) -http://www.turismo.milano.it/wps/portal/tur/it/arteecultura/ musei/tematici/museo_acqua_potabile (13 September 2018) - https://www.facebook.com/CentraleAcquaMilano/ (last seen: 13th March 2019) -https://www.mmspa.eu/wps/portal/mmspa/it/home/mm-permilano/servizio-idrico (by MM S.p.A) -http://annamariasantoro.yolasite.com/il-quartiere-della-maggiolinaa-milano.php (by Anna Maria Santoro, May 2018) - https://vecchiamilano.wordpress.com/2010/10/14/piazza-carbonari/ (by Vecchiamilano, 14th October 2010)

SITOGRAPHY

REFERENCES BREW PUB - http://www.labietis.lv/en/about-us (updated 2019) - https://buroklk.com/index.php?s=werk&werk=50 (23th November 2017) - http://www.nowadaysoffice.com/#/public-bar/ (12th August 2017) - https://www.aterarchitects.com/punkraft (22nd January 2019) - https://www.toscanaspettacolo.it/teatro/teatro-santandrea-pisa/ - https://welovebudapest.com/en/venue/ankert-2/ - https://www.bierfabriek.com/almere/ - http://birrificiolambrate.com/ (dal 2015)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

URBAN GARDENS & KM 0 RESTAURANT RESEARCH - Roberta Bartoletti “Orti urbani oltre la crisi autoproduzione alimentare e natura in città” 26th November 2013, article for the Scientific conference: Italian society and the great economic crises 1929-2016 - Grimaldi, Sforacchi, Maraldi, Guarrasi, Zar, Esposito, Boni “Ristorante Buonaserra” Business PLan 2016_Progetto Bella Coopia Gruppo Cir, April 2016

SITOGRAPHY

URBAN GARDENS RESEARCH - https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/207482 (2016) - https://www.istat.it/it/archivio/225505 (2018) -https://www.varesenews.it/2018/04/lombardia-secondaregione-numero-orti-pubblici/712228/ (28th April 2018) -https://www.milanopost.info/2018/05/03/orti-urbanicrescono-e-la-voglia-green-e-agevolata-dal-bonus-verde/ (3rd May 2018) - http://www.ortiamo.it/it/index.do (active from 2014) -https://www.investirefacile.com/post/idee-business/55come-aprire-gestire-e-guadagnare-con-un-orto-urbano. php (Idee business, 2019) - https://www.supradyn.it/ (2019)

SITOGRAPHY

KM 0 RESTAURANT RESEARCH https://www.clubmilano.net/2015/08/ristoranti-conorto/ (Filippo Spreafico, 4 August 2015) - http://www.erbabrusca.it/ (2019) - http://www.ortomilano.it/ https://www.starhotels.com/it/i-nostri-hotel/echomilano/ristorante-e-bar/orto-restaurant-eataly.html (2019) - https://www.unpostoamilano.it/(updated every day) - https://neuvoo.it/ (2019)

06TH JUNE 2019