zakir_naik_q_a_in_tamil by Ahmed Imthias

mstpyh fUizAk; ,izapyh fpUigAKila vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`;tpd; NguUshy;.

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mbf;fb Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs; -: Mq;fpyj;jpy; :lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf;.

(epWtdh;> ,];yhkpa Ma;T ikak;> Kk;ig.)

-: jkpohf;fk; :mg+-,]huh : Kd;Diu : '(egpNa!) ck; ,iwtdpd; ghijapy; (kf;fis) tpNtfj;JlDk;> mofpa cgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; ePh; miog;gPuhf! mth;fsplj;jpy; kpf mofpa Kiwapy; ePh; jh;f;fpg;gPuhf! nka;ahf ck; ,iwtd; mtd; topiatpl;Lj; jtwpath;fisAk;> (mtd; topiar; rhh;e;J) Neh;top ngw;wth;fisAk; ed;F mwpthd;." (mj;jpahak; 16 ]_uj;Jy; e`;y; - 125tJ trdk;) vd my;yh`; mUs;kiw Fh;MdpNy $Wfpd;whd;.

kf;fis ,iwtdpd; ghijapy; tpNtfj;JlDk;> mofpa cgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; miog;G tpLf;Fk; miog;ghsh;fspd; gl;baypy; Kjyplk; tfpg;gth; lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf; mth;fs; vd;why; kpifahfhJ. mth; xU kUj;Jt gl;lk; ngw;w kUj;Jtuhf ,Ue;jhYk;> jdJ tho;f;ifia ,];yhj;jpw;fhfNt mh;g;gzpj;Jtpl;l xU rpwe;j ,];yhkpa miog;ghsh;. ,e;jpahtpd; k`huh\;buh khepyk; Kk;ig efiuj; jiyikafkhff; nfhz;L nray;gLk; ,];yhkpa Ma;T ikaj;jpd; epWtduhd ,th;> cyfpy; cs;s khw;W kjj;jth;fSf;F Mq;fpy nkhopapy; ,];yhj;ij vLj;Jr; nrhy;tjpy; gpugykhdth;. fle;j ,uz;L Afq;fshf ,];yhj;ij vLj;Jr; nrhy;yntd;W cyfpy; mth; nry;yhj ehLfNs ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;yyhk;. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mthplk; Nfl;Fk; Nfs;tpfSf;F ,iwtdpd; mUl;nfhilahd mtuJ Ngr;rhw;wyhy; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;f hPjpahfTk; - mwptpay; hPjpahfTk; - jh;f;f hPjpahfTk; mth; mspf;Fk; gjpy;fs; - ,d;W cyfk; KOtJk; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;sr; nra;jpUf;fpwJ. cyf mstpy; vtnuy;yhk; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;bUe;jhh;fNsh - mth;fSld; mofpa Kiwapy; tpthjq;fs; elj;jp me;j tpthjq;fspd; %yk; mth;fs; nfhz;bUe;j jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis fise;jJld;> ,iwaUshy; mjpy; ntw;wpAk; ngw;wpUf;fpwhh; vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fJ. fle;j ,uz;L Afq;fshf lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf; mth;fsplk; khw;W kjj;jth;fs; Nfl;l Nfs;tpfisAk;> mjw;F mth; mspj;j gjpy;fisAk; “',];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mbf;fb Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;" (Frequently Asked Questions) vd;w jiyg;gpy; ,];yhkpa Ma;T epWtdj;jpd; (Islamic Research Foundation - I R F) tiykidapy; Mq;fpy nkhopapy; njhFj;jspj;Js;shh;fs;. jd;dplk; Nfl;fg;gl;l Nfs;tpfSf;F ,];yhkpa khh;f;f hPjpahfTk; - mwptpay; hPjpahfTk; - jh;f;f hPjpahfTk; lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf; mspj;Js;s gjpy;fs; midj;J jug;gpdiuAk; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp njsptilar; nra;Ak; vd;gjpy; Mr;rhpakpy;iy. ,iw ehl;lj;jpy; Nkw;gb Nfs;tpfisAk; - gjpy;fisAk; jkpo; mwpe;j midtUk; - gbj;J ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp njspT ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy; Nkw;gb Nfs;tp - gjpy;fspd; Mq;fpy njhFg;gpid jkpohf;fk; nra;Js;Nsd;. gbj;J - rpe;jpj;J - gad;ngw Ntz;LfpNwd;. 1

lhf;lh; [h`ph; ehaf; mth;fspd; Kd;Diu: ,];yhj;ij khw;Wkjj;jtUf;F vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yk;NghJ> mjd; rhjfkhd nfhs;iffis rpwg;gpj;J nrhy;Ytjhy; khj;jpuk; khw;W kjj;jth;fspy; gyh; cz;ikahd ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;. Vnddpy; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mth;fsJ cs;sj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; rpy Nfs;tpfs; ek;khy; ,d;Dk; gjpyspf;fg;glhkNyNa ,Uf;fpd;wJ. khw;W kjj;jth;fs; ek;Kila thjq;fis Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kw;gLk; mNj Ntisapy;> ''X..! xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; K];ypk;fs;jhNd ePq;fs;"" ''ngz;fis gh;jhTf;Fs; milj;J itj;J - ngz;zbikj;jdj;ij Mjhpg;gth;fs;jhNd ePq;fs;"" “''mbg;gilthjf; nfhs;iffis cilath;fs;jhNd ePq;fs;"" vd;W ek;ikf; Nfl;ff; $Lk;. ehd; khw;Wkj;jth;fisr; re;jpf;Fk; NghJ ,];yhj;jpy; mth;fs; jtwhff; fUJtJ vd;d vd;W Nfl;Ngd;. kpff; Fiwe;j mstpy; mth;fs; ,];yhj;ij gw;wp mwpe;J itj;jpUf;Fk; nra;jpfisf; nfhz;L - mJ rhpNah - jtNwh - Nkw;gb nra;jp ve;j topapy; my;yJ ve;j tpjj;jpy; ngwg;gl;bUe;jhYk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; mth;fs; jtwhff; fUJtJ vd;d vd;W Nfl;Ngd;. mt;thW ehd; Nfl;gJ> mth;fis ntspg;gilahf Ngrj; J}z;Lk;. mt;thW mth;fs; ntspg;gilahf NgRk; rpyNtisfspy; mth;fs; ,];yhj;ij tpkhprpj;jhYk;> kNdhjplj;Jld; mjid ehd; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;Ntd;. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; gw;wp khw;W kjj;jtUf;F ,Uf;Fk; nkhj;jr; re;Njfq;fisAk; ,UgJ Nfs;tpfspy; mlf;fptplyhk; vd;gJ fle;j rpy tUlq;fshf ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ij vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; gzpapy; ehd; mDgthPjpahf czh;e;j cz;ik. '',];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; ePq;fs; fhZk; jtW vd;d?"" vd;W khw;W kjj;jtiu ePq;fs; vg;NghJ Nfl;lhYk; mth;fs; Ie;J my;yJ MW Nfs;tpfis cq;fsplk; vLj;J itg;ghh;fs;. mth;fs; vLj;J itj;j me;j Ie;J my;yJ MW Nfs;tpfSk;> nghJthf cs;s ,e;j ,UgJ Nfs;tpfSf;Fs; mlq;fp tpLk;. ePq;fs; mspf;Fk; jh;f;f hPjpahd gjpy;fs;> ngUk;ghd;ikNahh; cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;sr; nra;a toptFf;Fk;. ,e;j nghJthd ,UgJ Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; - mjw;fhd fhuz fhhpaq;fSlDk;> jh;f;f hPjpahfTk; gjpyspg;gJ rpwe;j topKiwahFk;. ,];yhkpah;fs; ehd; ,j;Jld; mspj;jpUf;Fk; gjpy;fis epidtpy; itj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; - my;yJ kdg;ghlk; nra;J nfhz;lhy;> khw;W kjj;jtUf;F gjpyspg;gjpy; ,iwehl;lj;jpy; epr;rakhf ehk; ntw;wpngwyhk;. ehk; mth;fSf;F mspf;Fk; gjpypy; mth;fs; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa KO cz;ikfisj; njhpe;J nfhz;L jpUg;jpailahky; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mth;fs; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jtwhd vz;zq;fs;> mth;fspd; cs;sq;fspypUe;J mfw;wg;gLk; vd;gJ jpz;zk;. xU rpy khw;W kjj;jth;fs; Ntz;Lnkdpy; cq;fsJ thjj;jpw;F vjph;thjk; Ghpa Kd;tuyhk;. mth;fSf;F khj;jpuk; ,];yhj;ij vLj;Jiuf;f ekf;F NkYk; rpy tpguq;fs; Njitg;gLk;. khw;W kjj;jth;fshy; ,];yhkpah;fsplk; Nfl;fg;gLk; nghJthd Nfs;tpfs; vd;d vd;gij njhpe;J nfhs;Nthk;. 1. ,];yhj;jpy; Mz;fs; kl;Lk; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;s mDkjpf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ Vd;? 2. ,];yhj;jpy; Mz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ Nghy;> ngz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;s mDkjpf;fg;glhjJ Vd;? 3. ,];yhkpa ngz;fs; gLj;JtJ Vd;?

gh;jh

mzpa

Ntz;Lk;

fl;lhag;gLj;jp

mth;fis

,opT

4. ,];yhk; thshy; gug;gl;l khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> mJ mikjpahd khh;f;fk; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ vg;gb nghUe;Jk;? 5. K];ypk;fspy; gyh; mbg;gilthjpfshfTk; - gaq;futhjpfshfTk; ,Ug;gJ Vd;? 6. fhy;eilfis nfhy;tJ ,uf;fkw;w nray;. nfhd;W mjd; khkprj;ij cz;fpwhh;fNs. Vd;?

Mdhy;

K];ypk;fs;

fhy;eilfis

7. ,];yhkpah;fs; fhy;eilfis - ,uf;fkw;w Kiwapy; tij nra;J - Ntjidahd Kiwapy; nfhy;fpwhh;fNs? ,J rhpah? 8. kdpjd; vd;d cz;fpwhNdh - mjd; jhf;fk; mtdJ eltbf;iffspy; njd;gLk; vd;gJ mwptpay; $w;W. mg;gb ,Uf;Fk;NghJ - ,];yhk; Gyhy; czT cz;z mDkjpaspg;gJ vg;gb? Vnddpy; - Gyhy; czT cz;ZtJ kdpjid td;KiwahsdhfTk; %h;f;fkhdtdhfTk; khw;WNk? 9. ,];yhk; rpiy tzf;fj;ij jil nra;jpUf;Fk;NghJ - ,];yhkpah;fs; topgLtJk; - f/ghTf;F jiytzq;FtJk; vt;thW Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;? 10. khw;W kjj;jth;fs; kf;fhtpw;Fk; Vd;?

f/ghit

- kjpdhtpw;Fk; nry;y mDkjpf;fg;gLtJ ,y;iyNa.

11. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; jil nra;ag;gl;bUg;gJ Vd;? 12. kJ mUe;j ,];yhj;jpy; jil ,Ug;gJ Vd;? 13. ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; xNu Fh;Mid Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy;> mth;fspilNa gy gphpTfisAk; - gy tpj;jpahrkhd nfhs;iffisAk; nfhz;bUg;gJ Vd;? 14. ,];yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ - K];ypk;fspy; gyh; ek;gpf;if ehzakw;wth;fshfTk; - Vkhw;Wgth;fshfTk; - yQ;rk; thq;Fgth;fshfTk; Nghijg;nghUs;fspd; njhlh;Gilath;fshfTk; ,Ug;gJ Vd;? 15. “'fh/gPh;" vd;W mioj;J khw;W kjj;jth;fis> K];ypk;fs; mtkjpg;gJ Vd;? 16. ngz;fs; vdpy; ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; Ntz;Lk; - mNj rkak; Mz;fs; vdpy; xU rhl;rp khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd rhl;rp nrhy;tjpy; $l ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fSf;F rk chpik ,y;yhj epiy cs;sNj. Vd;? 17. MZf;F xU ghfk; vdpy; ngz;Zf;F ghjp ghfk;jhd; ,];yhkpa nrhj;Jhpikr; rl;lj;jpy; cs;sNj. ,J Vd;? 18. kdpjd; ,we;j gpwF

vd;w ghugl;rkhd epiy

- kWik tho;f;if - vd;w xd;iw gw;wp vg;gb ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?.

19. cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh kjq;fSk; - ey;yijNa nra;a Ntz;Lk; - ey;yijNa gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ - xU kdpjd; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ij khj;jpuk; Vd; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;? kw;w kjq;fspy; vijNaDk; xd;iw gpd;gw;w KbANk!. 20. Fh;Md; ,iw Ntjk;jhdh?

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp rpwpjsT mwpe;Jnfhz;l khw;W kjj;jth;fshy; Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;: 1. Fh;Md; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ. cz;ik?

mJ ,iw Ntjky;y vd;gJ jhNd

2. Fh;Mdpd; gy gpujpfs; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy; vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fh;Md; ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;ljy;y. khwhf c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy; njhFg;gl;l gpujpjhNd jw;NghJs;s Fh;Md;? 3. fh/gPh;fis fz;l ,lj;jpy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis nfhiy nra;Aq;fs; vd;W nrhd;djpd; %yk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;Ltjhf ,y;iyah? 4. Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtd; nrhy;tjhf tUk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; “'ehk;" my;yJ 'ehq;fs;" vd;w gd;ikahd nrhy;iy gad;gLj;Jtjhy; - ,];yhk; gy nja;t nfhs;if cilajhf Njhd;WfpNj. ,J rhpah? 5. “',iwtNd kdpjidg; gilj;jhd;" vd;fpw Fh;Mdpd; $w;W “'kdpjd; Fuq;fpypUe;J Njhd;wpdhd;" vd;fpw “'lhh;tpd; tpjpf;F" Kuz;ghlhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah? 6. ',];yhkpah;fs; “tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" apy; ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs;. (Fh;Mdpy; Kjypy; mUsg;gl;l trdq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> mjw;F gpd;G mUsg;gl;l trdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ). ,t;thW nra;tJ> ,iwtd; jtwhf xU trdj;ij ,wf;fptpl;L> gpd;dh; NtWxU trdj;jpd; %yk; nra;j jtwpid jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tJ Nghy; njhpatpy;iyah? 7. Fh;Mdpd; rpy mj;jpahaq;fs; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - vdTk; - `hkPk; vdTk; - ah]Pd; vdTk; Jtq;FfpwNj. ,e;j gjq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d? 8. 'G+kpia cq;fSf;F xU tphpg;ghf Mf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;fpwJ Fh;Mdpd; trdk;. ,e;j trdk; g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;gjw;F rhd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb Fh;Mdpd; trdk; 'g+kp cUz;ilahdJ" vd;W ep&gpf;fg;gl;l etPd mwptpay; cz;ikf;F Kuzhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah? 9. my;yh`; khj;jpuNk jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W mwpfpwhd; vd;fpwJ Fh;Md;. Mdhy; jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf ehk; “'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jdhy; Fh;Md; kUj;Jt mwptpaNyhL Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah? 10. Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wg;gb xU Mz; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; “'`_Uy;<d;" vd;Dk; ngz;izj; Jizahfg; ngUthd;. mg;gbnadpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; xU ngz;Zf;F Jizahf vd;d fpilf;Fk;? 11. ,iwtd; fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fis Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd;. mg;gbnadpy; epuhfhpg;gth;fs; - (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gjw;F) vg;gb Fw;wthspfs; Mthh;fs;? 12. ek;Kila nray;fis ,iwtNd jPh;Tnra;J vOjp itj;Jtpl;ljhy; - ehk; nra;Ak; ghtq;fSf;Fk; - Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; ehk; vg;gb nghWg;ghNthk;? 13. thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhf Fh;Mdpd; gy ,lq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak; /Gh;]pyhj;jpy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; 8 ehl;fspy; 4

gilf;fg;gl;ljhf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Kuz;ghL ,y;iyah? NkYk; mNj trdk; g+kpia MW ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhfTk; - gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fis gilj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; cUthapd vd;W mwptpay; $Wk; “'ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpf;F" (Big Bang Theroy) khw;wkhf ,e;j trdk; mike;Js;sjh ,y;iyah? 14. kdpjd; tpe;jpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W xU ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLk; Fh;Mdpa trdk;> kw;nwhU ,lj;jpy; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;L trdq;fSk; Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah? kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij mwptpapy; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;? 15. ,uz;L fpof;Fj; jpirfSf;Fk;> - ,uz;L Nkw;Fj; jpirfSf;Fk; nrhe;jf;fhud; ,iwtd; vd;W Fh;Mdpy; xU trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. xU fpof;Fj;jpir - xU Nkw;Fj;jpir khj;jpuNk cs;s epiyapy; ,uz;L fpof;Fj; jpirfisAk;> ,uz;L Nkw;Fj; jpirfisAk; mwptpay; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;? 16. Fh;Mdpd; cs;s xU Fwpg;gpl;l trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. kw;nwhU trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Ik;gjhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Md; jdf;Fj; jhNd Kuz;gLfpwNj. rhpah? 17. Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; i\j;jhd; xU kyf;F ,dk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak; f/Gtpy; i\j;jhd; xU [pd; ,dk; vd;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghlhz trdq;fs; ,Ug;gJ rhpah? 18. gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpapd; fUj;Jg;gb Fh;Mdpy; jtwhd fzf;Ftiffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Fh;Mdpy; cs;s ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahj;jpd; 11Mk; kw;Wk; 12 Mk; trdj;jpd;gb thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhy; - gphpj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;glf; $ba nrhj;J xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhf tUfpwJ. vdNt Fh;Mid mUspatUf;F fzf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy vd;W vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh? 19. Fh;Mdpd; Vuhskhd ,lq;fspy; my;yh`; kpf;f fUizahsd; vd;Wk;> kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; fLikahd jz;lidfs; cz;Lk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,iwtd; kd;dpg;ghsdh? ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh?

(epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld;. MfNt mth;fs; tprthrk; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;"" vd;fpwhd;.

20. ,iwtd;>

“''fh/gph;fspd;

fl;lisfisg; Ghpe;J nfhz;L - ek;gpf;if nfhs;tjw;F fhuzkhf miktJ kdpjdpd; %isNaj; jtpu - kdpjdpd; ,jak; my;y vd;gJ ,d;iwa mwptpay; ekf;F fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;. NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdk; mwptpay; cz;ikf;F KuzhdJ ,y;iyah?

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp ,e;Jf;fshy; Nfl;fg;gLk; nghJthd Nfs;tpfs;: 1. ,e;J kjj;jpy; rpiy tzf;fk; ,y;iy vd;gij ,e;J gz;bjh;fSk; ,e;J mwpQh;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; kdpjd; tzq;fj; Jtq;Fk; Muk;g fhyfl;lq;fspy; mtdJ kdij xUikg;gLj;j rpiy mtrpakhfpwJ. kdpj kdk; xUikg;gLk; gf;Ftk; te;j gpwF me;j rpiy mtrpakpy;iy. rhpah?

2. jz;zPiu gy nkhopfspYk; gy ngah;fspy; miof;fpNwhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F Mq;fpyj;jpy; 'thl;lh;" vd;Wk; - `pe;jpapy; 'ghzp" vd;Wk; - kiyahsj;jpy; nts;sk; vd;Wk; miof;fpNwhk;. mJNghyj;jhd; flTSk;. my;yh`; vd;Wk; - ,NaR vd;Wk; - uhk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. vdNt flTs;fs; midtUk; xd;WjhNd? 3. ,e;Jj;Jtk; cyfpy; Njhd;wpa kjq;fspy; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl goikahd kjk;. vdNt ,e;Jj;Jtk;jhd; kpfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; - midtuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhfTk; - kpfr; rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iyah? 4. ,e;J kjj;jpy; ,Ug;gJNghy; ,y;iyNa. Vd;?

,];yhkpa

khh;f;fj;jpy;

kWgpwtp

vd;w

ek;gpf;if

5. ,e;J kjj;jpy; ,we;J Nghdtiu vhpj;J tpLtJ Nghy;> ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; ,we;jth;fis vhpf;fhky;> kz;zpy; Gijg;gJ Vd;? 6. ,e;J ngz;fs; new;wpapy; jpyfk; ,LtJ - nghl;L itg;gJ - jhyp mzpe;J nfhs;tJ Nghd;W ,];yhkpa ngz;fs; - new;wpapy; nghl;L itg;gNjh - jhyp mzpe;J nfhs;tNjh ,y;iyNa. Vd;? 7. K];ypk;fs; njhOiff;fhf miof;Fk; nghOJ> ,e;jpahtpy; tho;e;J kiwe;j mf;gh; Nguurhpd; ngaiu vjw;fhf nrhy;fpwPh;fs;? 8. nrhj;J> jpUkzk;> tpthfuj;J Nghd;w tptfhuq;fspy; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs; jq;fSf;nfd jdpahd rl;lq;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; NghJ> Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fspYk; ,];yhkpah;fs; ,];yhkpa rl;lj; jpl;lq;fis mky; nra;a Ntz;baJ jhNd? (cjhuzj;jpw;F jpUbdhy; ifia ntl;LtJ Nghd;wJ..) 9. ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;Jg;gb cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU ehl;bw;Fk; ,iwj;J}jh;fs; mDg;gg; gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. mg;gbnadpy; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh; ahh;? uhkiuAk;> fpU\;ziuAk; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh? 10. ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;Jg;gb xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,iwtdhy; ,iwNtjq;fs; ,t;TyFf;F mDg;gg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mg;gbnadpy; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjk; vJ? ,e;J Ntjq;fisAk;> kw;WKs;s ,e;Jj;Jt fhtpaq;fisAk; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjq;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh? Nfs;tp vz; 1. ,];yhj;jpy; Mz;fs; kl;Lk; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;s

mDkjpf;fg; gl;bUg;gJ Vd;?

gjpy;: 1. gyjhu jpUkzj;jpw;fhd tpsf;fk;: gyjhu kzk; vd;why; xU MNzh my;yJ ngz;Nzh xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l N[hbfis nfhz;bUg;gJ. gyjhu kzk; vd;gJ ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. KjyhtJ tif xU Mz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis kze;J nfhs;tJ. ,jid Mq;fpyj;jpy; ghypfkp (POLYGAMY) vd;ghh;fs;. ,uz;lhtJ tif xU ngz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Mz;fis kze;J nfhs;tJ. ,jid Mq;fpyj;jpy; ghypahz;lhp (POLYANDRY) vd;ghh;fs;. KjyhtJ tif - mjhtJ Mz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J 6

nfhs;tJ - ,];yhj;jpy; rpy epge;jidfSld; mDkjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mNj Neuj;jpy; ,uz;lhtJ tif - mjhtJ ngz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ - Kw;wpYk; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. 2. cyfpy; cs;s Ntjq;fspy; 'xUtiu khj;jpuk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;" vd;W typAWj;JtJ mUs;kiw Fh;Md; khj;jpuk;jhd;. ,d;W cyfpy; cs;s Ntjq;fspy; “'xUtiu khj;jpuk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;" vd;W typAWj;JtJ mUs;kiw Fh;Md; khj;jpuk;jhd;. kw;w ve;j NtjKk; Mz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;L jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ vd;W typAWj;Jtjpy;iy. cyfpy; ,d;iwf;F fhzg;gLk; - ,e;Jf;fspd; Ntjq;fshd - ,uhkazNkh - k`hghujj;jpNyh - gftj; fPijapNyh - my;yJ fpwp];Jth;fspd; Ntjkhd iggpspNyh - my;yJ A+j kjj;jpd; rl;l E}yhd “'jy;Kjpf;" (TALMUDIC) fpNyh Mz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s jil gw;wpa mwptpg;G vJTkpy;iy. khwhf Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s Ntjq;fspd;gb Mz;fs; vj;jid ngz;fis Ntz;LnkdpYk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;syhk;. Mdhy; gpw;fhyj;jpy; te;j ,e;J rhkpahh;fSk; - fpwp];Jt Njthyaq;fSk; - a+jh;fSk;jhd; Mz;fs; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk;jhd; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd fl;lisapl;L gyjhu kzj;jpw;F jil tpjpj;jdh;. ,e;J Ntjq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLgth;fshd j]ujd; - fpU\;zd; Nghd;Nwhh; - gy kidtpfis nfhz;bUe;jjhf - ,e;J Ntjq;fs; rhl;rpak; mspf;fpd;wd. uhkhpd; je;ij j]ujd; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;;l kidtpfis nfhz;bUe;jhh;. fpU\;zUk; gy kidtpfis nfhz;bUe;jhh;. fpwp];jt Ntjkhd iggpspy; Mz;fs; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w jil ,y;yhj fhuzj;jhy;> Muk;g fhyq;fspy; - fpwp];Jt Mz;fs;> mth;fs; tpUk;gpagb vj;jid ngz;fis Ntz;LkhdhYk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhh;fs;. Mdhy; fle;j rpy E}whz;LfSf;F Kd;Gjhd; fpwp];Jt Mz;fs; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd fpwp];Jt Njthyaq;fs; jil tpjpj;jd. A+j kjj;jpy; Mz;fs; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ mDkjpf;fg; gl;bUe;jJ. Mg;ufhkpw;F %d;W kidtpfs; ,Ue;jjhfTk;> rhykDf;F E}w;Wf; fzf;fhd kidtpfs; ,Ue;jjhfTk; A+j kjj;jpd; rl;l E}yhd “'jy;Kjpf;" (TALMUDIC) Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. fp.gp. 960 Mk; Mz;by; Njhd;wp 1030 y; kuzpj;j ug;gp nfh;]hd; ngd; a$jh (RABBI GERSHON BEN YEHUDAH) vd;w ngaUila a+jh; gyjhu jpUkzj;ij jil nra;Ak; xU rl;lk; ,Lk;tiu a+j Mz;fs; kj;jpapy; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; gof;fk; njhlh;e;jJ. 1950 Mk; Mz;bd; ,Wjpapy; ,];Nuypy; cs;s a+jj; jiyikafk; Mz;fs;> gy ngz;fis kzg;gij jil nra;J rl;lk; ,Lk; tiu ,];yhkpa ehLfspy; tho;e;J tUk; a+j Mz;fsplKk; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sk; epiy njhlh;e;jJ. 1. gyjhu kzk; cs;sdh;:

nra;J

nfhs;tjpy;

,];yhkpah;fistpl>

,e;Jf;fNs

Kd;ddpapy;

',];yhj;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiy gw;wp Ma;T nra;tjw;fhf mikf;fg;gl;l FO" (COMMITTEE OF THE STATUS OF WOMAN IN ISLAM) 1975 Mk; Mz;L ntspapl;l mwpf;ifapd; 66 kw;Wk; 67 Mk; gf;fj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s Gs;sp tpguf; fzf;fpd;gb 1951Mk; Mz;Lf;Fk; - 1961 Mz;Lf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l 10 Mz;Lfspy; gyjhu kzk; jilnra;ag;gl;l ,e;Jf;fspy; 5.06 rjtPj Mz;fs; xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jdh;. Mdhy; gyjhu kzk; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l ,];yhkpa Mz;fspy; 4.31 rjtPjj;jpdNu xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jdh;. ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lgb ,];yhkpa Mz;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s KbAk;. ,e;Jf;fs; 7

xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lgb rl;l tpNuhjkhFk;. ,t;thW ,e;Jf;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ rl;l tpNuhjkhf ,Ue;jhYk; - ,];yhkpah;fNshL xg;gpLk;NghJ> ,e;Jf;fNs xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjpy; Kd;ddp tfpf;fpd;wdh;. Ke;ija fhyq;fspy; ,e;Jf;fSk; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s jilNaJk; ,y;yhky;jhd; ,Ue;jJ. 1954 Mk; Mz;by; ,aw;wg;gl;l ,e;Jj; jpUkzr; rl;lj;jpy;jhd; ,e;J kjj;jpy; Mz;fs; xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ jil nra;ag;gl;lJ. ,d;iwf;Fk; $l xU ,e;J Mz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;iz jpUkzk; nra;af;$lhJ vd;W jLg;gJ ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lNkj; jtpu. ,e;J Ntjq;fs; Mz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;tij jil nra;atpy;iy. ,g;NghJ ehk; ,];yhk; Vd; - xUMz; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s mDkjpj;Js;sJ vd;gJ gw;wp rw;W tphpthf Muha;Nthk;. 2. my;-Fh;Md; xU Mz; gy ngz;fis epge;jidfSld; - mDkjpaspf;fpwJ.

jpUkzk;

nra;J

nfhs;tij

rpy

ehd; Kd;Ng Fwpg;gpl;lJ Nghy; cyfpy; cs;s Ntjq;fspy;“'xUtiu khj;jpuk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;" vd;W typAWj;JtJ Fh;Md; khj;jpuk;jhd;. my;-Fh;Mdpd; 04tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp]htpd; %d;whtJ trdk; “'cq;fSf;Fg; gpbj;jkhd

ngz;fis - ,uz;buz;lhfNth - Kk;%d;whfNth - ed;dhd;fhNth - kze;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mdhy;> ePq;fs; (,th;fspilNa) epahakhf elf;f KbahJ vd;W gae;jhy; xU ngz;izNa (kze;J nfhs;Sq;fs;)."" vd;W Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

my;-Fh;Md; tUtjw;F Ke;ija fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;jpy; gyjhu kzj;jpw;F jilapy;yhky; ,Ue;jJ. Mz;fs; vj;jid ngz;fis Ntz;LkhdhYk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;syhk; vd;w mDkjp ,Ue;jJ. Mz;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhh; gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;gth;fshf ,Ue;jdh;. Mdhy; my;-Fh;Md; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l gpwF - xU ,];yhkpa Mz; mjpfgl;rk; ehd;F ngz;fs; tiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;syhk; vd mDkjp toq;fg;gl;lJ. mJTk; mg;ngz;fspilNa rkkhd ePjp nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;w epge;jidAld;> xU Mz; mjpfgl;rk; ehd;F ngz;fis tiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;syhk; vd gyjhu kzj;jpw;F tiuKiw ,l;lJ.

'(,iw tpRthrpfNs!) ePq;fs; vt;tsTjhd; tpUk;gpdhYk;> kidtpahpilNa ePq;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Nkw;gb trdj;jpypUe;J ePjk; nrYj;j rhj;jpakhfhJ" NkYk; my;-Fh;Mdpd; 04tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 129Mk; trdk;>

,];yhj;jpy; gyjhu kzk; vd;gJ xU tpjptpyf;Nfj; jtpu - fl;lhakpy;iy vd;gijj; njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,];yhj;jpd; nfhs;iffspy; - nra;a Ntz;bait kw;Wk; nra;af; $lhjitfis Ie;J tifahf gl;baypLfpwJ. mitahtd: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

“'/gh;Y" - fl;lhaf; flikfs; “'K];jfg;" - ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;lit my;yJ J}z;lg;gl;lit “'Kgh`;" - mDkjpf;fg;gl;litfs; “'kf;&" - mDkjpf;fg; glTk; ,y;iy - mNj rkaj;jpy; jLf;fg;glTkpy;iy. “'`uhk;" - fz;bg;ghf jil nra;ag; gl;lit.

Nkw;gb xU Mz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l (mjpfgl;rk; ehd;F tiu) jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ ,];yhj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l xd;Nwj; jtpu fl;lhaf; flik my;y. xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l xU ,];yhkpah; - xNu xU ngz;iz kl;Lk; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l kw;nwhU ,];yhkpaiutpl ve;j tpjj;jpYk; cah;e;jth; ,y;iy. 3. ruhrhpahf ngz;zpdk; caph;thOk; fhy msT - Mzpdk; caph;thOk; fhy msittpl mjpfkhdJ. ,aw;ifapNyNa MzpzKk; - ngz;zpzKk; rhprkkhd tpfpjj;jpy;jhd; gpwf;fpd;wdh;. Neha; vjph;g;G rf;jpapy; Mzpzj;ij kpQ;rpajhf ngz;zpzk; mike;Js;sJ. Neha;fpUkpfis vjph;nfhs;tjpy; ngz; Foe;ijfs; - Mz; Foe;ijfistpl mjpf rf;jp tha;e;jitfshf cs;sd vd;gjhy;> Foe;ijg; gUtj;jpy; ngz; Foe;ijfs; kuzpg;gijtpl> Mz; Foe;ijfs;jhd; mjpfkhf kuzpf;fpd;wd. Aj;jq;fspy; ngz;fistpl Mz;fNs mjpfkhf nfhy;yg;gLfpwhh;fs;. tpgj;Jf;fspYk; Neha;tha;g;gl;Lk; ,wg;gth;fspy; ngz;fistpl Mz;fspd; tpfpjhr;rhuNk mjpfk;. Mz;fs; caph;thOk; fhy msT - ngz;fs; caph;thOk; fhy msittpl FiwthfNt ,Ug;gjhy; ve;j Fwpg;gpl;l fhyfl;lj;jpYk; - kidtpia ,oe;j fzth;fis tpl> fztid ,oe;j kidtpaNu ,t;Tyfpy; mjpfk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdh;. 4. fUtpNyNa ngz;Foe;ij vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lhy; cldbahf fiyf;fg;gLtjhYk; ngz; rpRtijfshYk; - ,e;jpa kf;fs; njhifapy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl Mz;fNs vz;zpf;ifNa mjpfk;. Nkw;gb epfo;T ,y;iynadpy; ,e;jpahtpYk; Mz;fistpl ngz;fNs mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Ug;gh;. kf;fs; njhifapy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;if mjpfk; nfhz;Ls;s ehLfspy; ,e;jpahTk; xd;W. ngz;fUf;fs; vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lhy; cldbahf fiyf;fg;gLtJk;> gpwe;j Foe;ij ngz; vd;W njhpe;jhy; rpRtij nra;J nfhy;yg;gLtJNk ,jw;F fhuzk; MFk;. ,e;jpahtpy; khj;jpuk; xU tUlj;jpw;F gj;J yl;rj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l fUf;fs; - ngz; vd;W milahsk; fhzg;gl;lg; gpwF fiyf;fg;gLfpd;wd. my;yJ mopf;fg; gLfpd;wd. ,e;j nfhba nray; epWj;jg;gl;lhy; ,e;jpahtpYk; - Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiatpl - ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifNa NkNyhq;fp ,Uf;Fk;. 5. cyf kf;fs; njhifapy; Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiatpl ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifNa NkNyhq;fp epw;fpwJ. mnkhpf;fhtpd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if> Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 78 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. mnkhpf;f jiyefh; epa+ahh;f;fpy; khj;jpuk; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if> Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 10 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. mnkhpf;f jiyefh; epa+ahh;f;fpd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; %d;wpy; xU ghfk; Xhpzr; Nrh;f;ifapy; ehl;lKs;s Mz;fs;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; Nkw;nrhy;yg;gl;lth;fspd; vz;zpf;if khj;jpuk; ,uz;liu NfhbahFk;. Nkw;gb egh;fs; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs; vd;gJ ehk; mwpe;j nra;jp. mNj Nghy; gphpl;ldpy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if> Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 40 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. n[h;kdpapy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if> Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 50 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. u\;ahtpy; ngz;fspd; vz;zpf;if> Mz;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia tpl 90 yl;rk; mjpfkhFk;. cyfpy; cs;s nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifapy; vj;jid Nfhb ngz;fs; Mz;fistpl mjpfk; vd;gij mwpe;jtd; vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`; xUtNd. 6. xU Mz; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk; Kbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tiuaiw Vw;gLj;JtJ - eilKiwf;F rhj;jpaf; $whdJ my;y. 9

xU Mz; xU ngz;izj;jhd; jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w epiy ,Uf;Fkhdhy;> mnkhpf;fhtpy; khj;jpuk; 3 Nfhb ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;nfhs;s Mz;fs; ,y;yhj epiyNa fhzg;gLk;. (mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,uz;liu Nfhb Mz;fs;> Xhpdr; Nrh;f;ifahsh;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gijAk; ehk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;). mJNghy - gphpl;ldpy; 40 yl;rk; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;nfhs;s Mz;fs; ,y;yhj epiyAk;> n[h;nkdpapy; 50 yl;rk; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;nfhs;s Mz;fs; ,y;yhj epiyAk;> u\;ahtpy; 90 yl;rk; ngz;fs; jpUkzk; Kbj;Jf;nfhs;s Mz;fs; ,y;yhj epiyANk fhzg;gLk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F jpUkzk; Kbf;fhj vd;Dila rNfhjup my;yJ jq;fSila rNfhjhp jpUkzk; Kbf;f Mz;fs; ,y;yhj epiyapy; cs;s mnkhpf;fhtpy; trpj;J tUtjhf itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mtUf;F ,uz;L tha;g;GfNs cs;sd. xd;W Vw;nfdNt jpUkzk; Md xUtiu fztuhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ. my;yJ mth; mnkhpf;fhtpd; “'nghJr; nrhj;jhf" khWtJ. ,it ,z;ilAk; jtpu NtW tha;g;Ng ,y;yhj epiyapy;> mnkhpf;fhtpd; “'nghJr; nrhj;jhf" khWtijtpl> Vw;nfdNt jpUkzk; Md xUtiu fztuhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ vd;fpw Kjy; tha;g;igj;jhd; rpwe;j Gj;jprhyp Njh;e;njLg;ghh;. Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhuj;jpy; xU Mz; gy ngz;fSld; njhlh;G nfhz;bUg;gJ rh;t rhjhuzk;. ,J Nghd;w epiyfspy; ngz;Zf;F ghJfhg;gw;w epiyAk; - r%fj;jpw;F gae;J thof; $ba epiyAk; cz;lhfpwJ. mNj r%fj;jpy; xU ngz; - xU MZf;F ,uz;lhtJ kidtpahf ,Ug;gij KO kdJld; rKjhak; Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJld; - me;j ngz;Zf;F khpahijahd> nfsutkhd> ghJfhg;ghd tho;f;ifAk; mikfpwJ. Vw;nfdNt jpUkzk; Md xUtiu fztuhf Vw;Wf; nfhs;tJ. my;yJ “'nghJr; nrhj;jhf khWtJ" vd ,it ,z;ilAk; jtpu NtW tha;g;Ng ,y;yhj epiyapy; cs;s ngz;Zf;F - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; KjyhtJ epiyia Vw;Wf; nfhs;sr; nrhy;yp ,uz;lhtJ epiyia Kw;wpYk; Gwf;fzpf;f typAWj;JfpwJ. ,];yhj;jpy; Mz;fs; mjpfgl;rk; ehd;F ngz;fs;tiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;tjw;F ,d;Dk; Vuhskhd fhuzq;fs; ,Ue;jhYk; - Kf;fpakhf ngz;fspd; khdj;ij ghJfhf;fNt Mz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;tJ rpy epge;jidfSld; mDkjpf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ. Nfs;tp vz;: 2 Mz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;a mDkjpf;Fk; ,];yhk;> ngz;fs; gyjhu kzk; nra;J nfhs;s jil nra;tJ Vd;?. gjpy;: ,];yhkpah;fs; cl;gl - Vuhskhd khw;W kjj;jth;fs; - ,];yhkpa Mz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis kzg;gij mDkjpj;Jtpl;L> mNj chpikia ngz;fSf;F kWg;gJ Vd;? vd;fpw gFj;jwpT hPjpahd Nfs;tpia vd;dplk; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;. ePjpiaAk; - rkj;Jtj;ijAk; mbg;ilahf nfhz;l khh;f;fk;jhd; ,];yhk; vd;gij Kjypy; ehd; mOj;jkhf nrhy;fpNwd;. Mz;fisAk; - ngz;fisAk; rkkhfNt gilj;j my;yh`;> MZf;Fk; - ngz;Zf;Fk; tpj;jpahrkhd Mw;wy;fisAk; - nghWg;GfisAk; toq;fpdhd;. cly; hPjpahfTk; - cs hPjpahfTk; Mz;fSk; - ngz;fSk; tpj;jpahrkhdth;fs;. Mz;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fSf;Fk; tpj;jpahrkhd gq;FfSk; - nghWg;GfSk; cs;sd. ,];yhj;jpd; ghh;itapy; Mz;fSk; - ngz;fSk; rkkhdth;fNsj; (Equal) jtpu - xNu khjphpahdth;fs; (Identical) my;y.

my;-Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 22tJ trdk; Jtq;fp 24tJ trdk; tiu Mz;fs; ahh; ahiu jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;gij gl;baypLfpwJ. NkYk; 'fztDs;s ngz;fis ePq;fs; kzKbg;gJ tpyf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ." (my;-Fh;Md; 4:24) vdf;$WfpwJ. ,];yhj;jpy; - ngz;fs; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;tJ (POLYANDRY) Vd; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ - vd;gij fPo;f;fhZk; Fwpg;Gfs; ,d;Dk; tpsf;fkhf ekf;fj; njhptpf;fpd;wd. 1.

xU Mz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;jpUe;jhy; - xt;nthU kditpf;Fk; gpwf;Fk; Foe;ijfs; ,tUf;Fj;jhd; gpwe;jJ vd;gij milahsk; fz;L nfhs;tJ vspjhdJ. Foe;ijfspd; je;ijAk;> jhAk; ,th;fs;jhd; vd;W milahsk; fz;L nfhs;tJk; vspjhdJ. mNj rkaj;jpy; xU ngz; gy fzth;fis jpUkzk; nra;jpUe;J> me;jj; jpUkzj;jpd; %yk; gpwf;Fk; - Foe;ijfspd; jhia vspjhf milahsk; fhzyhk;. Mdhy; Foe;ijfspd; je;;ijia milahsk; fhz KbahJ. Foe;ijfspd; jhAk; - je;ijAk; - ,d;dhh;jhd; vd;W milahsk; - fz;L nfhs;Sk; tp\aj;jpw;F ,];yhk; kpfg;nghpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; toq;FfpwJ. jdJ ngw;Nwhh; ,d;dhh;jhd; vd;W mwpahj Foe;ijfs; - Fwpg;ghf jdJ je;ij ,d;dhh;jhd; vd mwpahj Foe;ijfs; - kNdheyk; Fd;wpath;fshf khWfpwhh;fs; vd kdey kUj;Jth;fs; njhptpf;fpwhh;fs;. mth;fsJ Foe;ijg; gUtk; mj;jid kfpo;r;rpahdjhf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. Nkw;$wg;gl;l fhuzq;fspdhy; tpiykhJfSf;Fg; gpwe;j Foe;ijfspd; Foe;ijg; gUtk; MNuhf;fpakhdjhf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. xU ngz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;L - mjdhy; gpwe;j Foe;ijfis gs;spapy; Nrh;f;Fk; NghJ - xNu Foe;ijf;F - ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;l jfg;gdhhpd; - ngah;fis nrhy;yf;$ba epiy cUthfyhk;. Mdhy; rkPgj;jpa mwptpay; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; fhuzkhf - kugZr; Nrhjid nra;J - xU Foe;ijapd; jha; ,d;dhh;jhd; vd;Wk; xU Foe;ijapd; je;ij ,d;dh;jhd; vd;Wk; milahsk; fz;L nfhs;syhk; vd;gJk; ehd; mwpe;jtp\ak;. vdNt ehd; vLj;J itj;j ,e;j thjk; fle;j fhyj;Jf;Fg; nghUe;JNkj; jtpu - ,d;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpw;Fg; nghUe;jhJ.

MizAk; ngz;izAk; xg;gpLk;NghJ - xU Mz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;s jFjpahd clyikg;ig> ,aw;ifahfNt mikag; ngw;wtd; vd;gij mwpayhk;.

XU Mz; - gy ngz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhYk; fztd; vd;w Kiwapy; jdJ flikfis nra;a clypay; hPjpahf MZf;F me;j gzp kpf vspjhdjhFk;. mNj epiyapypUf;Fk; gy Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;l xU ngz;zhy; - kidtp vd;w Kiwapy; jdJ flikfis xt;nthU fztUf;Fk; nra;J Kbg;gJ fbdkhdjhFk;. xU ngz; - khjtpyf;fhFk; fhy fl;lq;fspy; - kNdh hPjpahfTk; - eilKiw gof;ftof;fq;fs; hPjpahfTk; - Vuhskhd khw;wq;fSf;F cs;shfpwhs;.

gy fzth;fis nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU ngz; - xNu fhy fl;lj;jpy; - gy Mz;fSld; cly;cwT nfhs;tjhy; - ghypay; Neha;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gLtjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; kpfTk; mjpfk;. Nkw;gb ghypay; Neha;fs; - gpw ngz;fSld; ve;jtpjj;jpYk; njhlh;gpy;yhj kw;w fzth;fSf;Fk; njhw;wpf; nfhs;sf; $ba tha;g;GfSk; kpfTk; mjpfk;. Nkw;gb gpur;id gy ngz;fis kze;J nfhs;Sk; xU MZf;F Vw;gLtjpy;iy.

NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s fhuzq;fs; ahTk; vspjhf milahsk; fhzg;gl Kbe;jit. xU ngz; xd;Wf;F Nkw;g;gl;l Mz;fis jpUkzk; nra;J nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;gij jil nra;j my;yh`;Nt kw;WKs;s fhuzq;fs; midj;ijAk; mwpe;jtd;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 3 ,];yhkpa ngz;fs; gh;jh mzpa Ntz;Lk; vd fl;lhag;gLj;jp mth;fis ,opT gLj;JtJ Vd;?. gjpy;: ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiy gw;wp jhf;Ftij ,yf;fhf nfhz;L cyf Clfq;fs; nray;gLfpd;wd. ,];yhkpa rl;lj;jpd; fPo; ngz;fs; cil mzptij tpkhprpf;fhj Clfq;fNs cyfpy; ,y;iy vdyhk;. ,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; - ,];yhkpa cil gw;wpa fhuz fhhpaq;fis mwpAk; Kd;G> ,];yhk; Njhd;Wk; Kd;G - cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpYk; ngz;fspd; epiy vt;thW ,Ue;jJ vd;gij Kjypy; njhpe;J nfhs;Nthk;. 1. Ke;ija fhyq;fspy; ngz;fs; ,opTgLj;jg;gl;L - Nghfg; nghUshf kl;LNk gad;gLj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. gz;ila fhyq;fspy; ngz;fs; rKjhaj;jpy; kpfTk; fPoj;jukhf kjpf;fg;gl;L - kdpjDf;F cz;lhd mbg;gil nfsutk; $l kWf;fg;gl;lth;fshf elj;jg;gl;lhh;fs; vd;gij fPo;f;fhZk; tuyhw;W cz;ikfs; ekf;F NghJkhd tpsf;fj;ij jUfpd;wd. a. ghgpNyhdpa ehfhPfk;: ghgpNyhdpa rl;lg;gb ngz;fs; fPo;j;jukhf kjpf;fg;gl;L> mth;fSf;F chpa mbg;gil chpikfs; $l kWf;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. xU kdpjd; xU ngz;izf; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhy;> mtUf;F kuz jd;lid toq;Ftjw;F gjpyhf mtUila kidtpf;F kuz jz;lid toq;Fk; tof;fk; ghgpNyhdpa ehfhPfj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ. b. fpNuf;f ehfhPfk;: gz;ilfhy ehfhPfq;fspy; fpNuf;f ehfhPfk; ngUikf;Fhpajhf fUjg;gl;lJ. Nkw;gb 'ngUikf;Fhpa" ehfhPf fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; jq;fs; mbg;gil chpikfs; kWf;fg;gl;lth;fshf> fPo;j;jukhf elj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. 'gz;Nlhuh" vd;wiof;fg;gl;l “'fw;gidg; ngz;kzp" Na kdpj Fyj;jpw;F Vw;gLk; jPikfs; midj;jpw;Fk; mbg;gil fhuzkhf mike;jts; vd;W fpNuf;f Guhzq;fs; giw rhw;Wfpd;wd. fpNuf;fh;fs; ngz;fis kdpj Fyj;jpy; jhoe;jth;fs; vd;Wk; - Mz;fSf;F mbikfs; vd;Wk; fUjpdhh;fs;. fpNuf;f ehfhPfj;jpd; gpw;gl;lf; fhyj;jpy; ngz;fs; - cah;thdth;fshf kjpf;fg;gl;lhYk; - Mz;fSf;F chpa 'jhd;" vd;w mfk;ghtj;jhYk; - ghypapay; gyhj;fhuq;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fs; cl;gLj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. fpNuf;f rKjhaj;jpd; vy;yh kl;lj;jpYk; - tpgr;rhuk; gutyhf fhzg;gl;lJ. c. Nuhkhdpa ehfhPfk;: Nuhkhdpa ehfhPfk; Gfopd; cr;repiyapy; ,Ue;jNghJ $l> xU Mz; jdJ kidtpia nfhiy nra;tij jdJ chpikahf nfhz;bUe;jhd;. tpgr;rhuKk; - ngz;fis eph;thzkhf ghhg;gJTk; - Nuhkhdpah;fspd; kpfr; rhjhuz gof;f tof;fkhf ,Ue;jJ. d. vfpg;jpa ehfhPfk;: vfpg;jpah;fs; ngz;fis xU jPikahfTk; - rhj;jhdpd; rpd;dkhfTk; fUjpdhh;fs;. e. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; tUtjw;F Kd;gpUe;j mNugpa ehfhPfk;: mNugpahtpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; tUtjw;F Kd;G - mNugpah;fs; ngz;fis fPoj;jukhf kjpj;jhh;fs;. ngz;Foe;ijfs; gpwe;jhy;> mitfis capNuhL kz;zpy; Gijj;jhh;fs;.

2. ,];yhk; ngz;fSf;F r%fj;jpy; rk chpikAk; me;j];Jk; toq;fpaJ. rKjhaj;jpy; jq;fSf;Fhpa nfsutj;NjhL tho;tij typAWj;jpaJ.

mth;fs;

Mapuj;J ehD}W Mz;LfSf;F Kd;G ,];yhk; ngz;fSf;F rk chpikAk; me;j];Jk; toq;fpaJ. rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fs; jq;fSf;Fhpa nfsutj;NjhL tho;tij ,];yhk; typAWj;jpaJ. 'Mz;fSf;Fhpa “`p[hg;" tof;fkhf ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fSf;F khj;jpuk;jhd; “'`p[hg;" Kiw cs;sjhf nghJkf;fs; thjpLthh;fs;. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;; ngz;fSf;fhd “'`p[hg;" gw;wp mwptpf;Fk; Kd;G> Mz;fSf;fhd “'`p[hg;" gw;wp mwptpf;fpd;whd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 24tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jd; E}hpd; Kg;gjhtJ trdj;jpy; “'(egpNa!) tpRthrk;nfhz;l

Mz;fSf;F ePh; $WtPuhf: mth;fs; jq;fs; ghh;itfisj; jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; ntl;fj; jyq;fis Ngzpg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: mJ mth;fSf;F kpf;f ghpRj;jkhdjhFk;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; mth;fs; nra;gtw;iw ed;F njhpe;jtd;" vd;W my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;. xU kdpjd; xU ngz;iz ghh;j;jTld; mtdJ kdjpy;> khdf;Nflhd vz;zk; Njhd;WNkahdhy; - me;j kdpjd; jdJ ghh;itia jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fl;lisapLfpd;wJ. 'ngz;fSf;Fhpa “`p[hg;" mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 24tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; E}hpd; 31tJ trdj;jpy; '(egpNa!) ,d;Dk; tpRthrk;nfhz;l ngz;fSf;F ePh; $WtPuhf: mth;fs; jq;fs; ghh;itfisj; jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; ntl;fj; jyq;fis Ngzpg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; mofyq;fhuj;ij mjdpd;W (rhjhuzkhf ntspapy;) njhpaf; $baijj;jtpu (NtW vijAk;) ntspf; fhl;lyhfhJ: ,d;Dk; jq;fs; Kd;whidfshy; mth;fs; jq;fs; khh;Gfis kiwj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: NkYk; (tpRthrk;nfhz;l ngz;fs;) jk; fzth;fs;> jk; je;ijah;fs;> my;yJ jk; fzth;fspd; je;ijah;fs; my;yJ jk; Gjy;th;fs;..".Mfpa ,th;fisj; jtpu(NtW Mz;fSf;Fj; ) jq;fSila mofyq;fhuj;ij ntspg;gLj;jf; $lhJ." vd;W my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;. `p[hg; mzptjw;fhd MW tiuKiwfis ,];yhk; typAWj;JfpwJ. 1. `p[hg; mzptjw;fhd msTNfhy;fs;: ePq;fs; mzpaf; $ba Mil cly; KOtijAk; kiwf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,];yhkpa Mil mzptjw;fhd Kjy; msTNfhy;. ,e;j msTNfhy; Mz;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fSf;Fk; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;. Mz;fs; njhg;Gs; Kjy; fuz;iltiu kiwf;ff; $ba Milfis mzpa Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; rhjhuzkhf ntspapy; njhpaf;$ba ghfq;fshd Kfk; - fuz;il tiu cs;s iffs; Mfpaitj; jtpu jq;fs; cly; KOtJk; kiwf;ff; $ba Milfis mzpa Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; Nkw;gb ntspapy; njhpaf; $ba ,e;j ghfq;fisAk; kiwj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. ,];yhkpa Milapy; vQ;rpa Ie;J msTNfhy;fSk; - Mz;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fSf;Fk; rkkhditNa. 13

2. mzpaf; $ba Mil cly; ghpzhkj;ij ntspf;fhl;lhj msTf;F njha;thf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 3. mzpaf; $ba Mil cw;Wg; ghh;j;jhy; cly; ghfq;fs; midj;Jk; njhpAk;gbahd nky;ypa Milahf ,y;yhJ - nfl;bahd Milahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; 4. mzpaf; $ba Mil (ngz;fs; Mz;fis trPfhpf;ff; $bathWk; - Mz;fs; ngz;fis trPfhpf;ff; $bathUk;) vjph;jug;ghiu ftuf;$ba msTf;F fth;r;rpahf ,y;yhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 5. Mz;fs; ngz;fisg; Nghy; Mil mzptijAk; - ngz;fs; Mz;fisg; Nghy; Mil mzptijAk; ,];yhk; jil nra;Js;sJ. 6. mzpaf; $ba Mil ,iw epuhfhpg;ghsh;fs; mzpaf; $ba Miliag; Nghd;W ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F ,iw epuhfhpg;gth;fs; cLj;Jfpd;w fhtp epwk; - fUg;G epwk; Nghd;w Milfs; mzptij ,];yhk; jil nra;Js;sJ. 3. ,];yhkpa MilKiw cs;slf;fpaJ.

kdpjh;fspd;

elj;ijiaAk;

gof;ftof;fq;fisAk;

Nkw;$wpa MW newpKiwfs; jtpu> kdpjdpd; ed;dlj;ij> mtdJ gof;ftof;fk;> mtdJ kNdhghtk; kw;Wk; jdpkdpj vz;zq;fs; MfpaitAk; ,];yhkpa Mil Kiwapy; cs;slq;Fk;. xU kdpjh; Milfspy; khj;jpuk; ,];yhkpa newpKiwfis filgpbg;ghNuahdy; - ,];yhkpa Milapd; xU gFjpia khj;jpuk; gpd;gw;WtJ Nghd;wjhFk;. MilfspYk; ,];yhkpa newpKiwfis filgpbg;gNjhL jdJ fz;fspYk; - jdJ cs;sj;jpYk; - jdJ vz;zj;jpYk; - ,];yhkpa `p[hg; Kiwia filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,];yhkpa `p[hg; vd;gJ - xUth; elf;Fk; tpjj;jpYk; - mth; NgRk; tpjj;jpYk; - mth; goFk; tpjj;jpYk; gpujpgypf;f Ntz;Lk;. 4.

'`p[hg;" ngz;fis njhy;iyfspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fpwJ:

ngz;fs; `p[hg; mzpa Ntz;bajw;fhd fhuzj;ij mUs; kiwapd; 33 tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; m`;[hg; gpd; 59tJ trdk; njspthf Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

'egpNa! ePh; ck; kidtpfSf;Fk;> ck; ngz; kf;fSf;Fk;> <khd; nfhz;lth;fspd; ngz;fSf;Fk;> mth;fs; jq;fs; jiy Kd;whidfis jho;j;jpf; nfhs;SkhW $WtPuhf: mth;fs; (fz;zpakhdth;fs; vd) mwpag;gl;L Nehtpid nra;ag;glhkypUf;f ,J Rygkhd topahFk;. NkYk; my;yh`; kpf kd;dpg;gtd;: kpf;f md;Gilatd;. ngz;fs; fz;zpakhdth;fs; vd;W mwpag;gLtjw;fhfTk; - mth;fs; njhy;iyfspypUe;J jtph;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;bAk; - `p[hg; mzptJ ngz;fSf;F ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;Uf;fpwJ vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. ,ul;il rNfhjhpfs; - Xh; cjhuzk;: ,ul;ilg; gpwtpahd rNfhjhpfs; - ,uz;L NgUk; mofpYk; rkkhdth;fs;. filj;njUtpy; ele;J Nghfpwhh;fs; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mjpy; xUth; Kw;wpYk; ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; Mil mzpe;jtuhf nry;fpwhh;. mjhtJ jdJ Kfk; - kw;Wk; jdJ ,uz;L iffs; khj;jpuk; fuz;il tiuapy; ntspapy; njhpAk;gb jdJ KO cliyAk; kiwj;J Mil mzpe;jtuhf ele;J nry;fpwhh;. kw;wth; Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhu Kiwg;gb xU Fl;ilg;ghthilNah my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;ilNah mzpe;J nry;fpwhh; vd itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. filj; njUtpy; ngz;fis Nfyp nra;tjw;fhfNt epw;Fk; fhypfs; ahiu NfypAk; - fpz;lYk; nra;thh;fs;? ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; Mil mzpe;J nry;gtiuah? my;yJ Fl;ilg;ghthil my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;il mzpe;J nry;gtiuah? fz;bg;ghf 14

Fl;ilg;ghthil my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;il mzpe;J nry;gth;jhd; NfypAk; fpz;lYf;Fk; cs;shthh;. Nkw;gb tifahd Milfs; Mz;ghyiu NfypAk; fpz;lYk; - njhy;iyfSk; nra;aitg;gjw;fhd kiwKfkhd miog;NgahFk;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhkpa Mil Kiw fz;bg;ghf ngz;fs; njhy;iyfs; nra;ag;gLtij jtph;f;fpwJ vd;W mUs;kiw FHMd; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. 7.

ty;YwT nfhs;NthUf;F (ghypay; gyhj;fhuk;) kuz jz;lid.

,];yhkpa rl;lj;jpd;gb xU kdpjd; xU ngz;NzhL ty;YwT nfhz;ljhf ep&gpf;fg;gl;lhy; - mtDf;F kuz jz;lid toq;f Ntz;Lk;. kuz jz;lid vd;w thh;j;ijia Nfl;lTld; gyh; mjph;r;rpAWfpd;wdh;. rpyh; ,];yhk; fUizapy;yhj fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdkhd khh;f;fk; vd;nwy;yhk; tpkh;rpf;f Muk;gpj;J tpLfpd;wdh;. ,];yhk; my;yhj rNfhjuh;fis ehd; xU rpwpa Nfs;tpia Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;. jq;fSila kidtpAlNdh - my;yJ jq;fsJ rNfhjhpAlNdh my;yJ jq;fsJ jhAlNdh xUtd; ty;YwT (mt;thW elf;fhky; my;yh`; ghJfhg;ghdhf!) nfhz;L tpl;lhd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. tof;fhL kd;wj;jpy; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F - jPh;g;G toq;ff; $ba ePjpgjpahf jhq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs; vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jhq;fs; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F vd;d jz;liz toq;FtPh;fs;? ehd; Nfs;tp Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F ,];yhk; my;yhj rNfhjuh;fs; vy;NyhUk; mspj;j gjpy; vd;dntd;why; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F kuz jz;lidNaj; jUNthk; vd;gJjhd;. mjpy; ,d;Dk; rpyh; - ty;YwT nfhz;ltd; kuzpf;Fk;tiu rpj;utij nra;J nfhy;Nthk; vd;Wk; nrhd;dhh;fs;. mth;fsplk; ehd; Nfl;Fk; ,d;ndhU Nfs;tp - ahuhtJ xUtd; cq;fsJ cwTfNshL - ty;YwT nfhz;L tpl;lhy; - kuz jz;lid nfhLf;f tpUk;Gk; ePq;fs; - NtW ahNuh xUthpd; kidtpNah rNfhjhpNah - my;yJ jhNah ty;YwT nfhs;sg;gl;L - ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F kuz jz;lid toq;fg;gl;lhy; khj;jpuk; mjid fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdk; vd;fpwPh;fNs> Vd;? Vd; ,e;j ,ul;il epiyg;ghL? 8.Nkw;fj;jpa r%fk; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

ngz;zbikj;jdj;ij

xopj;J

tpl;ljhf

jtwhd

fUj;ij

Nkw;fj;jpa ehLfs; nrhy;Yk; ngz; tpLjiy vd;gJ - ngz;fspd; cliy gad; gLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; - ngz;fspd; Md;khf;fis nfhr;irg; gLj;jtjw;Fk; - ngz;fspd; nfsutj;ij ,of;fr; nra;aTk; - Nkiy ehl;bdh; mzpe;jpUf;Fk; khWNtlNkj; jtpu Ntwpy;iy. Nkw;fj;jpa cyfk; - r%fj;jpy; ngz;fspd; epiyia cah;j;jptpl;ljhf $wpf;nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. cz;ikapy; ngz;fspd; cah;thd epiy vd;gJ - ngz;fis Nghfg;nghUshf gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sTk; - mth;fis r%fj;jpd; fhl;rpg;nghUshf khw;WtijANk - ngz;tpLjiy vd;fpwhh;fs;. “'fiy" kw;Wk; “'fyhr;rhuk;" vd;fpw ngahpy; tz;zj;jpiufspy; tpahghhpfs; jq;fspd; nghUl;fis tpw;gjw;F ngz;fis xU fUtpahf gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tijj;jhd; ngz; tpLjiy vd;fpwhh;fs;. 9.

mnkhpf;fhtpy;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpf mstpyhd ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd.

cyfpy; cs;s ehLfspy; mnkhpf;fhjhd; Kw;wpYk; ehfhPfkile;j ehlhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. mNj mnkhpf;fhtpy;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpf mstpyhd ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd. 1990 Mk; Mz;by; - mnkhpf;fhtpy; ehs; xd;Wf;F ruhrhpahf 1756 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jjhf me;j ehl;bd; csTj;Jiwahd v/g;. gp. I. apd; mwpf;if nrhy;fpwJ. gpd;dh; ruhrhpahf ehs; xd;Wf;F 1900 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jhf kw;nwhU mwpf;if nrhy;fpwJ. Fw;wk; epfo;e;j Mz;L Fwpg;gplg; gltpy;iy. me;j Mz;L - 1992 my;yJ 1993 Mf ,Uf;fyhk;. gpwF te;j Mz;Lfspy; mnkhpf;fh;fs; ,d;Dk; “'jPtpukhf" ty;YwT Fw;wq;fspy; <Lgl;bUf;fyhk;.

mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,];yhkpa “'`p[hg;" Kiw eilKiwgLj;jg;gl;bUg;gjhf fw;gid nra;J ghUq;fs;. xU Mz; xU ngz;iz ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ mtdJ vz;zj;jpy; ehzkw;w my;yJ ntl;fkpy;yhj vz;zk; Njhd;Wkhapd; - mth; jdJ ghh;itia jho;j;jpf; nfhz;bUg;ghh;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; xt;nthU ngz;Zk; Kfk; kw;Wk; jdJ iffspd; fuz;il tiu kl;Lk; njhpAk;gb - kw;WKs;s clypd; midj;J ghfq;fSk; kiwf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,];yhkpa Mil Kiwia gpd;gw;wp ,Ug;ghh;fs;. ,jw;F gpwFk; xU kdpjd; ty;YwT Fw;wj;jpy; <LgLthd; vdpy; - mtDf;F kuz jz;lid vd;w epiy gpd;gw;w gl;bUf;Fk;. Nkw;fz;lthW ,];yhkpa Mil Kiw mnkhpf;fhtpy; eilKiw gLj;jg;gl;lhy; mnkhpf;fhtpy; ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; mjpfhpf;Fkh? my;yJ Kd;dh; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;w mNj epiyapy; ,Uf;Fkh? my;yJ FiwAkh?. 10. ,];yhkpa rl;ljpl;lq;fs; eilKiw gLj;jg;gl;lhy; - ty;YwT Fw;wk; fz;bg;ghf FiwAk;. ,];yhkpa rl;ljpl;lq;fs; eilKiw gLj;jg;gl;lhy; - J}a;ikahd rKjhak; miktij vtuhYk; jtph;f;f KbahJ. mnkhpf;fhthf ,Uf;fl;Lk; - INuhg;ghthf ,Uf;fl;Lk; my;yJ cyfpy; ve;j ehlhf ,Ue;jhYk;> vq;nfy;yhk; ,];yhkpa rl;lj; jpl;lq;fs; eilKiw gLj;jg;gLfpwNjh - mq;Fs;s kf;fs; epk;kjpahf tho;thh;fs;. vdNt ,];yhkpa Mil Kiw ngz;fis ,opTgLj;Jtjpy;iy. khwhf ngz;fspd; khdj;ijAk; - fw;igAk; fhg;ghw;wp mth;fis r%fj;jpy; me;j];J cs;sth;fshf khw;WfpwJ. Nfs;tp vz;: 4 ,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> mJ mikjpahd khh;f;fk; vd;W miof;fg;gLtJ vg;gb nghUe;Jk;?. gjpy;: ,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;bUf;fhky; ,Ue;jhy; cyfk; KOtjpYk; ,];yhj;jpw;F Mjuthf ,j;jid Nfhbf;fzf;fhdth;fs; ,Ue;jpUf;f khl;lhh;fs; vd;gJ rpy khw;W kjj;jth;fs; ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhf vLj;J itf;Fk; nghJthd Fw;wr;rhl;L. ,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fky;y. khwhf ,];yhk; ,aw;ifahd> mwpTG+h;tkhd khh;f;fk;. ,];yhk; fhuzfhhpaq;fSld; gpur;idfSf;F jPh;T toq;ff;$ba khh;f;fk; vd;gjhy;jhd; cyfpy; tpiuthf NtW}d;wpaJ vd;gij ehd; NkYk; vLj;J itf;f NghFk; tpguq;fs; %yk; ePq;fs; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. 1.

,];yhk; vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;

,];yhk; vd;w thh;j;ij “']yhk;" vd;w mugp %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. ']yhk;" vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;. ]yhk; vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F xUtUila tpUg;gk; midj;ijAk; ,iwtDf;fhfNt tpUk;GtJ vd;w kw;nwhU nghUSk; cz;L. ,t;thW ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; vd;gJ mikjpahd khh;f;fkhFk;. 2.

rpy Ntisfspy; mikjpia epiyehl;l eph;g;ge;jk; mtrpakhfpwJ.

cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU kdpjUk; mikjpiaAk; - ,zf;fj;ijAk; eilKiwg;gLj;j Mjhuthf ,Ug;gjpy;iy. cyfpy; cs;sth;fspy; rpyh; jq;fsJ Rayhgk; fUjp - Fog;gk; tpistpg;gijNa tpUk;Gfpd;wdh;. ,J Nghd;w Ntisfspy; - cyfpy; mikjpia epiyehl;l Ntz;ba fl;lhak; Vw;gLfpwJ. vdNtjhd; mikjpia epiyehl;lTk; - rKjha vjphpfis mlf;fTk; - Fw;wthspfis jz;bf;fTk; fhty;Jiw vd;w mikg;G cyfpy; cs;s midj;J ehLfspYk; cs;sJ. ,];yhk; mikjpia tpUk;Gk; mNj Ntisapy;> vq;nfy;yhk; mepahak; elf;fpd;wNjh - me;j mepahaq;fis vjph;j;J ,];yhkpah;fis Nghuhl typAWj;JfpwJ. mepahaj;ij vjph;j;J Nghuhl Ntz;ba Neuq;fspy; - eph;g;ge;jk; 16

mtrpakhfpwJ. mikjpiaAk; - ePjpiaAk; epiy ehl;l khj;jpuNk eph;g;ge;jpf;fyhk; vd ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; mDkjpaspf;fpwJ. 3.

tuyhw;W Mrphpah; b.Nyrp X.ypahp ( De Lacy O’Leary) apd; fUj;J.

,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fk; vd;gJ jtwhd fUj;J vd;gij eP&gpf;f -gpugy tuyhw;W Mrphpah; b.Nyrp X"ypahp ( De Lacy O’Leary) vOjpa “',];yhk; fle;J te;j ghij" (Islam At The Cross Road) vd;w Gj;jfj;jpd; 8tJ gf;fj;jpy; mth; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s fUj;J rhpahdjhf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W fUJfpNwd;. ',];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fk; vd;w fUj;J kPz;Lk; - kPz;Lk; cyfpw;F njhptpf;fg; gl;Lf; nfhz;bUg;gJ - tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lf; fl;Lf;fijNaad;wp> Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy vd;gij njspthd tuyhW ekf;F Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ." 4.

];ngapd; ehl;by;

,];yhkpa Ml;rp

800 Mz;Lfshf ,Ue;jJ.

];ngapd; ehl;il ,];yhkpah;fs; 800 Mz;Lfshf murhl;rp nra;jdh;. ];ngapd; ehl;L K];ypk;fs; vtUk; - ];ngapd; ehl;by; cs;s khw;W kjj;jtiu ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpw;F khwr; nrhy;yp ths; nfhz;L eph;g;ge;jpf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; gpd;dhy; te;j fpwp];jth;fs; rpYitg; Nghh; vd;w ngahpy; ];ngapdpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs; midtiuAk; mopj;jdh;. ,d;iwf;F ];ngapdpy; njhOiff;F miof;fntd xU K];ypk; $l ,y;iy. 5.

mNugpah;fspy; 1 NfhbNa 40 yl;rk; Ngh; jiyKiw

fpwp];Jth;fs;. (Coptic Christians).

fle;j 1400 Mz;Lfshf muG jPgfw;gj;ij ,];yhkpah;fs; Mz;L tUfpd;wdh;. ,ilapy; rpy Mz;Lfs; - gphpl;b\;fhuh;fSk; - rpy Mz;Lfs; gpnuQ;Rfhuh;fSk; muG jPgfw;gj;ij Mz;ldh;. Mdhy; nkhj;;jj;jpy; 1400 Mz;Lfshf muG jPgfw;gj;ij ,];yhkpah;fNs Ml;rp nra;J tUfpd;whh;fs;. ,Ug;gpDk; - ,d;W $l - 1NfhbNa 40 yl;rk; Ngh; jiyKiw fpwp];Jth;fs;. (Coptic Christians). ,];yhkpah;fs; thisf; nfhz;L eph;g;ge;jpj;J ,Ue;jhy; - ,d;iwf;F muG jPgfw;gj;jpy; xUth; $l fpwp];Jtuhf ,Uf;f khl;lhh;. midtUk; K];ypkhfj;jhd; ,Ue;jpUg;gh;. 6. ,e;jpa kf;fs; njhifapy; vz;gJ rjtPj kf;fs; K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fNs!. ,e;jpahtpy; ,];yhkpah;fs; Mapuk; Mz;LfSf;F Nkyhf Ml;rp nra;jdh;. mth;fs; tpUk;gpapUe;jhy; - K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fis - jq;fsJ Ml;rp gyk; kw;Wk; gil gyk; nfhz;L ,];yhkpah;fshf khw;wpapUf;f KbAk;. Mdhy; ,d;iwf;F ,e;jpahtpd; kf;fs; njhifapy; vz;gJ rjtPjk; Ngh; K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fs;jhd;. ,d;iwf;F ,e;jpahtpy; ,Uf;Fk; z;gJ rjtPj K];ypk; my;yhNjhh;fNs - ,];yhk; thshy; gug;gg;gl;l khh;f;fk; my;y vd;gjw;F rhl;rpfshth;. 7.

,e;NjhNd\pahTk; - kNyrpahTk;.

,d;iwf;F cyfpy; cs;s ehLfspy; ,e;NjhNd\pahTk; - kNyrpahTk;jhd; mjpfkhd K];ypk;fis nfhz;Ls;s ehLfs;. ve;j ,];yhkpa gilfs; ,e;NjhNd\pahtpw;Fk; kNyrpahTf;Fk; nrd;W mth;fis K];ypk;fshf khw;wpd?. 8.

Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; fpof;F flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfs;

mNj Nghd;W Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; fpof;F flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfspy; ,];yhk; Jhpjkhf gutp ,Uf;fpwJ. ve;j ,];yhkpa gilfs; Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; fpof;F flw;fiuNahug; gFjpfSf;F nrd;W mth;fis K];ypk;fshf khw;wpd? 17

,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; eph;g;ge;jk; ,y;iy.

ve;j thshy; ,];yhk; gug;gg;gl;lJ?. mg;gb xU ths; ,Ue;jhYk; - ,];yhj;ij gug;Gtjw;fhf me;j this ,];yhkpah;fs; gad;gLj;jpapUf;f KbahJ. Vnddpy; fPo;f;fhZk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; mjid njspthfr; Rl;bf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

'(,];yhkpa) khh;f;fj;jpy; (vt;tifahd) eph;g;ge;jKk; ,y;iy: topNfl;bypUe;J Neh;top Kw;wpYk; (gphpe;J) njspthfptpl;lJ." (my;-Fh;Md; 02tJ mj;jpahak; - 256tJ trdj;jpd; xU gFjp) 10.

'mwpTg+h;tkhd nfhs;if" vd;Dk; ths;:

'mwpTg+h;tkhd nfhs;if" vd;gJjhd; me;j ths;. kdpjh;fspd; vz;zq;fisAk; cs;sq;fisAk; nfhs;is nfhz;lJ mwpthh;e;j nfhs;if vd;w me;j ths;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 16tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; e`;y; d; 125tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $WfpwJ.

'(egpNa!) ck; ,iwtdpd; ghijapy; (kf;fis) tpNtfj;JlDk;> mofpa cgNjrj;ijf; nfhz;Lk; ePh; miog;gPuhf!. mth;fsplj;jpy; kpf mofpa Kiwapy; ePh; jh;f;fpg;gPuhf!. nka;ahf ck; ,iwtd; mtd; topiatpl;Lj; jtwpath;fisAk;> (mtd; topiar; rhh;e;J) Neh;top ngw;wth;fisAk; ed;F mwpthd;." 11. 1934 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1984 Mk; Mz;Ltiu fle;j Ik;gJ Mz;Lfspy; cyf kjq;fspd; tsh;r;rp. fle;j Ik;gJ Mz;Lfspy; (1934 Mk; Mz;L Kjy; 1984 Mk; Mz;L tiu) cyfpy; cs;s Kf;fpa kjq;fspd; tsh;r;rp gw;wpa Gs;sptpgj;ij 1986 Mk; Mz;L 'hPlh;]; il[];l;" gj;jpf;ifapd; Mz;L kyuhd “'my;kdhf;" gj;jphpf;if ntspapl;bUe;jJ. Nkw;gb Gs;sptpguj;ij cs;slf;fpa fl;Liu “'jp g;nsa;d; buj;" vd;w Mq;fpy gj;jphpf;ifapYk; ntspahfpapUe;jJ. cyf kjq;fspy; mjpfkhd tsh;r;rp mile;J Kjyplj;ij gpbj;jpUg;gJ ,];yhkpa khh;f;fNk. mjDila tsh;r;rp fle;j 50 Mz;Lfspy; 235 rjtPjkhf ,Ue;jJ. fpwp];Jt khh;f;fk; 47 rjtPj tsh;r;rp mile;jpUe;jJ. yl;rf; fzf;fhdth;fis ,];yhj;jpw;F khw;w Ntz;b ,e;j E}w;whz;by; ve;j Nghh; ele;jJ?. 12. mnkhpf;fhtpYk; - INuhg;ghtpYk; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;r;rp mile;J tUfpwJ: ,d;W mnkhpf;fhtpy; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;r;rp mile;J tUk; khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. mNj Nghy; INuhg;ghtpYk; kpf Ntfkhf tsh;r;rp mile;J tUk; khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. ve;j ths; Nkw;fj;jpah;fis eph;g;ge;jg;gLj;jp> kpf mjpf mstpy; ,];yhj;jpy; ,izar; nra;jJ?. 13.

lhf;lh; N[h]g; Mlk; gpah;]d;

'xUehs; muGyfj;jpd; ifapy; mZMAjk; nrd;W NrUk; vd;W ftiyg;gLgth;fs;> egpfs; ehafk; (]y;) mth;fs; mugfj;jpy; gpwe;j md;Nw ,];yhk; vd;w mZFz;L ,e;j cyfj;jpy; Nghlg;gl;lhfp tpl;lJ vd;gij czuj; jtwptpl;lhh;fs;" vd;W lhf;lh; N[h]g; Mlk; gpah;]d; rhpahfj;jhd; nrhd;dhh;. Nfs;tp vz;: 5 18

K];ypk;fspy; gyh; mbg;gilthjpfshfTk; - gaq;futhjpfshfTk; ,Ug;gJ Vd;?. gjpy; cyf tp\aq;fs; gw;wp tpthjpf;Fk; nghOJk;> kjq;fis gw;wp tpthjpf;Fk; nghOJk; NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth> ,];yhkpah;fs; mbg;gilthjpfs; vd;Wk;> jPtputhjpfs; vd;Wk; Rl;bf;fhl;lg; gLfpd;wdh;. ,];yhj;jpd; vjphpfs; cyfj;jpy; cs;s vy;yh Clfq;fspd; thapyhfTk; ,];yhkpah;fis mbg;gilthjpfs; vd;Wk; jPtputhjpfs; vd;Wk; jtwhf milahsk; fhz;gpg;gjpy; cWjpahf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. Nkw;gb jtwhd jfty; kw;Wk; jtwhd gpur;rhuk; - ,];yhkpah;fs; jhf;fg;gLtjw;Fk;> jtwhf tpkhprpf;fg;gLtjw;Fk; fhuzq;fshf mike;J tpLfpd;wd. cjhuzj;jpw;F mnkhpf;fhtpd; xf;yfhkh efhpy; ele;j ntb Fz;L tpgj;jpd; gpd;ddpapy; “kj;jpa fpof;F ehLfspd;> ifthpir ,Uf;fpwJ vd mnkhpf;fhtpd; midj;J Clfq;fSk; Nghl;b Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L mwptpg;G nra;jd. Mdhy; me;j ntbFz;L ntbf;f fhuzkhapUe;j Fw;wthsp mnkhpf;fhtpd; MAjg; giliar; Nrh;e;j xUtd;jhd; vd;gJ> gpd;dh; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ. mLj;J ,];yhkpah;fs; kPJ Rkj;jg;gLk;; “'mbg;gilthjk;" gw;wpAk; - “'jPtputhjk;" gw;wpAk; ehk; Muha;Nthk;. 1. mbg;gilthjj;jpw;fhd tpsf;fk;: jhd; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; nfhs;ifia kd cWjpAld; gw;wpg; gpbj;J> me;j nfhs;ifia jd; tho;f;ifapy; kpfr; rhpahf eilKiwgLj;JgtDf;F mbg;gilthjp vd;W ngah;. cjhuzj;jpw;F kUj;Jth; xUth; rpwe;j kUj;Jth; vd ngah; ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy; - mth; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; kUj;Jt nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilia mwpe;J - mwpe;j kUj;Jt nfhs;ifia gpd;gw;wp - mij eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhy; mth; xU rpwe;j kUj;Jth; vd;W miof;fg;gLthh;. NtW thh;j;ijapy; nrhy;tnjd;why; - kUj;JtJiwapy; mth; xU mbg;gilthjp. fzpjj; Jiwapy; xUth; rpwe;j fzpj Nkij vd ngah; ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy; - mth; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; fzpjf; nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilia mwpe;J - mth; mwpe;j fzpjf; nfhs;ifia gpd;gw;wp - mij eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhy; mth; xU rpwe;j fzpj Nkij vd;W miof;fg;gLthh;. NtW thh;j;ijapy; nrhy;tnjd;why; - fzpjj;Jiwapy; mth; xU mbg;gilthjp. mwptpay; Jiwapy; xUth; rpwe;j mwptpay; Nkij vd ngah; ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy; - mth; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; mwptpay; nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gilia mwpe;J - mwpe;j mwptpay; nfhs;ifia gpd;gw;wp - mij eilKiwf;Ff; nfhz;L te;jhy; mth; xU rpwe;j mwptpay; Nkij vd;W miof;fg;gLthh;. NtW thh;j;ijapy; nrhy;tnjd;why; - mwptpay; Jiwapy; mth; xU mbg;gilthjp. 2.

vy;yh mbg;gilthjpfSk; xNu khjphpahdth;fs; my;y.

vy;yh mbg;gilthjpfSf;Fk; xNu th;zk; g+rf; $lhJ. vy;yh mbg;gilthjpfSk; ey;yth;fs; vd;Nwh> my;yJ nfl;lth;fs; vd;Nwh tifg;gLj;j KbahJ. mth;fs; rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; Jiw> my;yJ mth;fshy; nra;ag;gLk; nray; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;Nl mth;fs; ey;y mbg;gilthjpah my;yJ nfl;l mbg;gilthjpah vd;gij tifg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. nfhs;isabf;Fk; - rpwe;j nfhs;isf;fhud; rKjhaj;jpw;F jPq;F tpistpg;gjhy; mtid xU nfl;l mbg;gilthjp vd;W nfhs;syhk;. mNj rkak; xU rpwe;j kUj;Jth; rKjhaj;jpw;F gaDs;stuhf ,Ug;gjhy;> mth; xU ey;y mbg;gilthjp kUj;Jth; vd nfhs;syhk;. 3.

ehd; xU ,];yhkpa mbg;gilthjp vd;gjpy; ngUik nfhs;fpNwd;.:

,iwtdpd; khngUk; fpUigapdhy; - ehd; xU ,];yhkpa mbg;gilthjp. ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil tpjpfis mwpe;J - mwpe;j tpjpfis gpd;gw;wp - me;j tpjpfis vdJ tho;f;ifapYk; eilKiwgLj;JfpNwd;. xU cz;ikahd ,];yhkpad; jhd; xU 19

mbg;gilthjpahf ,Ug;gjpy; xUNghJk; ntl;fKw khl;lhd;. ehd; xU ,];yhkpa mbg;gilthjp vd;gjpy; ngUik nfhs;fpNwd;. Vnddpy; - ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil nfhs;iffs; midj;Jk; cyfk; KOtJKs;s kdpj Fyj;jpw;F gad; juf; $bait. ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil nfhs;iffs; vJTNk kdpj Fyj;jpw;F jPoq;fpiog;gitNah my;yJ kdpj Fyj;jpw;F vjpuhditNah my;y. ,];yhj;jpd; nray;ghLfs; rhpahdit my;y> khwhf jtwhdit vd;W VuhskhdNgh; ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa jtwhd vz;zq;fis nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdh;. ,e;j jtwhd vz;zk; Vnddpy; - ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mth;fs; miuFiwahf mwpe;J itj;jpUg;gNj fhuzkhFk;. ,];yhk; fw;Wj; jUk; ghlq;fis> xUth; jpwe;j kdJlDk; - kpff; ftdj;NjhLk; gFj;jha;thh; vdpy; ,];yhk; jdp kdpjDf;Fk; - nkhj;j kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; - KO gaDs;sJ vd;w cz;ikia mwptjpypUe;J jtw KbahJ. 4.

'mbg;gilthjj;jpw;F" mfuhjp jUk; tpsf;fk;:

mbg;gilthjj;jpw;F ntg;];lh; bf;\;dhp jUk; tpsf;fk; vd;dntd;why; 'ghJfhf;Fk; nfhs;ifia" (Protestanism) mbg;gilahf nfhz;L ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; mnkhpf;fhtpy; Njhd;wpa ,af;fk; vd;gjhFk;. etPd ehfhPfj;ij vjph;j;Jk;> iggpspd; nfhs;iffshd - ek;gpf;if kw;Wk; xOf;fq;fs; kl;Lky;yhJ - tuyhw;W cz;ikfisAk; iggpsps; cs;sgbNa epiy epWj;j Ntz;bAk; Njhd;wpa ,af;fkhFk;. “flTshy; vOj;J tbtpy; mUsg;gl;l fl;lisfNs iggps;> vd;w nfhs;iff;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj;J ,aq;fp tUk; ,af;fkhFk;. vdNt Muk;g fhyq;fspy; mbg;gilthjk; vd;why; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l nfhs;iffis mbg;gilahf nfhz;L ,aq;fp te;j ,af;fk; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. mbg;gilthjj;jpw;F Mf;];Nghh;L bf;\;dhp jUk; tpsf;fk; vd;dntdpy; “kjq;fspd; njhd;ikahd my;yJ mbg;gilahd Nfhl;ghLfis newp gpwohJ eilKiwgLj;JtJ Fwpg;ghf ',];yhkpa kj Nfhl;ghLfs;" vd;gjhFk;. ,d;iwf;F xU kdpjd; “'mbg;gilthjk;" vd;w thh;j;ijia cgNahfpf;Fk;NghJ clNd mtdJ vz;zj;jpy; ,];yhkpad; - xU gaq;futhjpahf Njhd;wptpLfpwhd;. 5. xt;nthU ,];yhkpaDk;

xU gaq;futhjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

xt;nthU ,];yhkpaDk; xU gaq;futhjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. gaj;Jf;F fhuzkhdtd; gaq;futhjp. fhty;Jiwia ghh;j;jTld; nfhs;isabg;gth;fs; gag;gLfpd;wdh;. vdNt nfhs;isaUf;F fhty; Jiwapdh; gaq;futhjpfs;. mNjNghy jpUl;L> nfhs;is> kw;Wk; ty;YwT Nghd;w r%ff; Fw;wq;fisr; nra;Ak; xt;nthU Fw;wthspf;Fk; - xt;nthU ,];yhkpaDk; Xh; gaq;futhjpahf Njhd;w Ntz;Lk;. r%ff; Fw;wthspfs; - xU ,];yhkpaid fhZk;Nghnjy;yhk;> gag;glNtz;Lk;. rKjhaj;jpy; kdpjh;fSf;F kj;jpapy; jPq;F ,iog;gtDf;F gaq;futhjp vd;w thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ cz;ik. Mdhy; xU cz;ikahd K];ypk;> rKjhaj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;lth;fSf;F - mjhtJ r%ff; Fw;wthspfSf;F - khj;jpuk; gaq;futhjpahf Njhd;w Ntz;LNk jtpu> rKjhaj;jpd; mg;ghtp nghJkf;fSf;F my;y. khwhf xU ,];yhkpad; mg;ghtp nghJkf;fSf;F kj;jpapy; mikjpia epiyehl;Lgtdhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 6. kdpjh;fs; nra;fpw xNu tifahd nraYf;F - “'gaq;futhjpfs;" vd;Wk; “'tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;l tPuh;fs;" vd;Wk; ,uz;L tifahd Kj;jpiufs;. nts;isah;fshy; Msg;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;j ,e;jpah Rje;jpuk; ngWtjw;F Kd;dhy; ,e;jpa Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhfg; Nghuhbath;fis gaq;futhjpfs; vd gphpl;b\; murhq;fk; Kj;jpiu Fj;jpaJ. Mdhy; mNj tPuh;fs;> ,e;jpah;fshy; - Rje;jpu Nghuhl;l tPuh;fs; vd miof;fg; gl;lhh;fs;. ,t;thW xNu tifahd kdpjh;fs; - mth;fs; nra;j xNu tifahd 20

nraYf;F ,uz;L tifahd Kj;jpiufs; Fj;jg;gl;lhh;fs;. mth;fs; “'gaq;futhjpfs;" vd;W xU jug;gpduhYk; - 'Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l tPuh;fs;" vd;W kW jug;gpduhYk; miof;fg;gl;lhh;fs;. ,e;jpahit Ms gphpl;b\;f;F chpik ,Uf;fpwJ vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhz;lth;fs;> mth;fis “'gaq;futhjpfs;" vd;W mioj;jdh;. ,e;jpahit Ms gphpl;b\;f;F chpik ,y;iy vd;w fUj;ijf; nfhz;lth;fs;> mth;fis “'Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;l tPuh;fs;" vd;W mioj;jdh;. vdNt xU kdpjidg; gw;wp xU KbTf;F tUtjw;F Kd;dhy; - mtdJ fUj;ijAk; mwptJ mtrpak;. ,uz;L jug;GfSk; jPu tprhhpf;fg;gl;L - tprhuizapd; KbTfs; myrp Muhag;gl;L - mjw;fhd fhuz fhhpaq;fs; kw;Wk; nraYf;fhd Nehf;fk; midj;ijAk; mwpe;j gpd;Gjhd;> me;j kdpjidg;gw;wp xU epiyahd ,Wjp KbTf;F tuNtz;Lk;. 7. ,];yhk; vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;. ',];yhk;" vd;w thh;j;ij “']yhk;" vd;w mugp %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. ]yhk; vd;why; mikjp vd;W nghUs;. ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil nfhs;iffs; - ,];yhj;ij gpd;gw;WNthh; mikjpia filgpbf;FkhW Nghjpg;gJld;> cyfk; KOtJk; mikjpia epiy ehl;LkhWk; Nghjpf;fpwJ. ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil nfhs;ifahk; mikjpia filgpbg;gjpy; xt;nthU ,];yhkpaDk; xU mbg;gilthjpNa. rKjhaj;jpy; mikjpiaAk; - ePjpiaAk; epiyehl;Ljy; Ntz;b - xt;nthU ,];yhkpaDk; - rKjhaf; nfhLikfSf;F vjpuhd xU jPtputhjpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 6. fhy;eilfis nfhy;tJ ,uf;fkw;w nray;. Mdhy; ,];yhkpah;fs; me;j fhy;eilfis ,uf;fkw;w Kiwapy; nfhd;W> mjd; ,iwr;rpia cz;fpwhh;fNs. Vd;?. gjpy;: irt czT cz;gJ - ,d;W cyfk; KOtJk; gutptUk; ,af;fkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,af;fq;fspy; gy> fhy;eilfSf;Fk; chpik cz;L vd;w nfhs;ifia nfhz;lit. VuhskhdNgh; - khkprk; kw;Wk; kw;w Gyhy; czT cz;gJ vd;gJ fhy;eilfspd; chpikfis gwpg;gjhFk; vd;fpw fUj;jpid nfhz;lth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. cyfpy; gilf;fg;gl;l midj;J caphpdq;fs; kPJk; ,uf;fk; fhl;l Ntz;Lk; vd ,];yhk; fl;lisapLfpwJ. mNj rkak; - my;yh`; ,e;j g+kpiag; gilj;J - mjpy; kdpj gad;ghl;Lf;fhd fhy;eilfisAk; - jhtuq;fisAk; gilj;jpUf;fpwhd; - vd;gijAk; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. my;yh`; gilj;jitfis> ek;kplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;l nghUshfTk;> mUl;nfhilahfTk; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;tJ kdpjdplk;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j tpthjk; gw;wpa kw;w tpguq;fis Muha;Nthk;. 1.

irt czT kl;Lk; cz;zf; $bath; $l ,];yhkpauhf

,Uf;f KbAk;.

irt czit njhlh;e;J cz;zf;$ba ,];yhkpad; xU ey;y ,];yhkpadhf ,Uf;f KbAk;. mth; fz;bg;ghf mirt czTjhd; cl;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;w eph;g;ge;jk; ,];yhj;jpy; ,y;iy. 2.

,];yhkpah;fs; mirt czT cz;gjw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mDkjp mspf;fpwJ.

,];yhkpah;fs; mirt czT cz;gjw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mDkjp mspf;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahakhd ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; xd;whtJ trdk;> 21

'K/kPd;fNs! (ePq;fs; nra;J nfhz;l) cld;gbf;iffis (KOikahf epiwNtw;Wq;fs;. cq;fs; kPJ Xjpf;fhl;b ,Ug;gitj; jtpu> kw;iwa ehw;fhy; gpuhzpfs; cq;fSf;F (cztpw;fhf) MFkhf;fg; gl;Ls;sd." vd;gijr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NkYk;

mUs;kiw

Fh;Md;

16tJ

mj;jpahak;

]{j;Jd;

e`;ypd;

Ie;jhtJ

trdk;>

'fhy;eilfisAk; mtNd gilj;jhd;. mtw;wpy; cq;fSf;Ff; fjfjg;G(s;s MilazpfS)k; ,d;Dk; (gy) gyd;fSk; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wpypUe;J ePq;fs; Grpf;fTk; nra;fpd;wPh;fs;." vdTk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; 23tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; K/kpD}d; 21Mk; trdk;> 'epr;rakhf cq;fSf;F gpuhzpfspy; xU gbg;gpid ,Uf;fpwJ. mtw;wpd; tapWfspypUe;J (Ruf;Fk; ghiy) ehk; cq;fSf;Fg; Gfl;LfpNwhk;. ,d;Dk; mtw;wpy; cq;fSf;F mNef gad;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;wp(d; khkprj;jp)ypUe;J ePq;fs; Grpf;fpwPh;fs;." vdTk; fhy;eilfspd; gad; gw;wp kdpjh;fSf;Fr; Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. 3.

khkprk; Gujr;rj;Jk;

- GNuhl;BDk; mlq;fpa Xh; KO czthFk;.

clYf;Fj; Njitahd KO GNuhl;BidAk; ngWtjw;F khkprk; Xh; rpwe;j czthFk;. khkprk; clypy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;glhj> Mdhy; clYf;Fj; Njitahd vl;Ltpjkhd mkpNyh mkpyq;fSk; mlq;fpa czthFk;. khkprj;jpy; ,Uk;Gr; rj;J kw;Wk; itl;lkpd; gp1 kw;Wk; epahrpd; Nghd;w rj;Jf;fSk; mlq;fpAs;sd. 4. khkpr czT cz;z $h;ikahd gw;fSk; - jhtu czT cz;z jl;ilahd gw;fSk; nfhz;ltd; kdpjd;. jhtu cz;zpfshd ML - khL - Nghd;w fhy;eilfis Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;> mitfs; jhtu czT cz;Ztjw;F Vw;wthW jl;ilahd gw;fis khj;jpuk; nfhz;Ls;sij mwpayhk;. mJNghy khkpr cz;zpfshd rpq;fk; - Gyp - rpWj;ij Nghd;iwitfis Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy;> mitfs; khkpr czT cz;Ztjw;F Vw;wthW $h;ikahd gw;fis khj;jpuk; nfhz;Ls;sij mwpayhk;. mJ Nghy kdpjDila gw;fspd; mikg;ig Muha;e;J ghh;j;jhy; - kdpjh;fs; khkpr czit cz;Ztjw;F Vw;wthW $h;ikahd gw;fisAk; jhtu tif czTfis - cz;Ztjw;F vw;wthW jl;ilahd gw;fisAk; nfhz;ltuhf fhzyhk;. kdpjh;fs; jhtutif czTfis khj;jpuk;jhd; cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,iwtd; vz;zpapUe;jhy; - kdpjh;fis - ,iwtd;> khkpr czit cz;Ztjw;F Vw;wthW $h;ikahd gw;fis nfhz;lth;fshf Vd; gilj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;? jhtu tif czTld;> khkpr tif czitAk; cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy;jhd; ,iwtd; kdpjh;fSf;F $h;ikahd gw;fisAk;> jl;ilahd gw;fisAk; gilj;jpUf;fpwhd;. 5. kdpjdpd; nrhpkhd mikg;G khkpr tif czTfisAk;> jhtu tif czTfisAk; nrhpkhdk; nra;tjw;F Vw;wjhf cs;sJ. jhtu cz;zpfspd; nrhpkhd mikg;G - jhtu tif czTfis khj;jpuk; nrhpkhdk; nra;tjw;F Vw;wthW mike;Js;sJ. mJNghy khkpr cz;zpfspd; nrhpkhd mikg;G khkpr tif czTfis khj;jpuk; nrhpkhdk; nra;tjw;F Vw;wthW mike;Js;sJ. Mdhy; kdpj nrhpkhd mikg;G khj;jpuk; khkpr tif czTfisAk;> jhtu tif czTfisAk; nrhpkhdk; nra;tjw;F Vw;wjhf mike;Js;sJ. jhtutif czTfis khj;jpuk;jhd; kdpjh;fs; cz;z Ntz;Lk; vd ,iwtd; ehbapUe;jhy;> khkpr tif czTfisAk;> jhtu tif czTfisAk; nrhpkhdk; nra;tjw;F Vw;wthWs;s nrhpkhd mikg;ig Vd; gilj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;? 22

,e;J Ntjq;fs; khkpr czT cz;gjw;F mDkjp mspj;jpUf;fpwJ.

,e;Jf;fspy; ngUk;ghyhNdhh; Kw;wpYk; khkpr czT cz;zhjth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. khkpr czT cz;gJ mth;fspd; kjf; Nfhl;ghLfSf;F vjpuhdJ vd;W fUJfpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; cz;ik vd;dntdpy; - ,e;Jf;fs; khkpr czT cz;gjw;F mth;fspd; Ntjq;fs; mDkjpaspj;Js;sd. ,e;J rhkpahh;fs; khkpr czT cl;nfhz;ljhf ,e;Jf;fspd; Ntjq;fs; $Wfpd;wd. ,e;Jf;fspd; rl;l Gj;jfkhd kD rh];jpuj;jpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; Kg;gjhtJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $WfpwJ: 'czT cl;nfhs;gth; - khkpr czT cl;nfhs;thuhapd; - mth; cz;Zk; khkpr czT mtUf;F ve;j nfLjpAk; mspg;gjpy;iy. ve;ehSk; khkpr czit cl;nfhz;lhYk; rhpNa. Vnddpy; rpy gilg;Gfis cz;gjw;fhfTk; - rpy gilg;Gfis cz;zg;gLtjw;fhfTk;; gilj;jtd; flTNs." kD rh];jpuj;jpd; $WfpwJ:

Ie;jhtJ

mj;jpahak;

Kg;gj;J

'khkpr czT cz;gJk; - rhpahd jpahfNk. fl;lisahFk;."

,J kuG

xd;whtJ

trdk;

fPof;fz;lthW

hPjpahf mwpag;gl;L tUk; flTspd;

NkYk; kD rh];jpuj;jpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; Kg;gj;J xd;gjhtJ trdKk;> ehw;gjhtJ trdKk; fPof;fz;lthW $WfpwJ: 'gypapLtjw;nfd flTs; rpy fhy;eilfis gilj;jpUf;fpd;whd;. vdNt gypapLtjw;fhf fhy;eilfis mWg;gJ vd;gJ - fhy;eilfis nfhy;tJ MfhJ." ,t;thW ,e;J kj Ntjq;fSk; - rh];jpuq;fSk; - ,e;Jf;fs; khkpr czT cz;zTk; czTf;fhf fhy;eilfis nfhy;yTk; mDkjpaspj;jpUf;fpwJ. 7.

,e;Jj;Jtk; - kw;w kjq;fspd; gof;f tof;fq;fshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;J kj Ntjq;fs; ,e;Jf;fs; mirt czT cz;gjw;F mDkjp mspj;jpUe;j NghjpYk;> ngUk;ghd;ikahd ,e;Jf;fs; khkpr czT cz;zhky; - irt czT kl;LNk cl;nfhs;fpwth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,jw;F fhuzk; mirt czT cl;nfhs;shj i[d kjf; nfhs;ifapd; ghjpg;G ,e;J kjj;jpYk; Vw;g;gl;bUg;gjhy; jhd;. 8.

jhtu tiffSf;Fk; caph; cz;L.

ngUk;ghd;ikahd kjq;fisr; rhh;e;jth;fs; mirt czT cz;zhky; ,Ug;gjw;F fhuzk; - mth;fspd; kjq;fs; czTf;fhff; $l caph;fisf; nfhy;tJ ghtk; vd;w nfhs;ifia Nghjpg;gitfshf ,Ug;gjhy;jhd;. xU capiuf;$l nfhy;yhky; xU kdpjd; caph;tho KbAk; vdpy; - Nkw;gb nfhs;ifia filgpbf;Fk; kdpjh;fspy; Kjyhtjhf ,Ug;gJ ehdhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. Ke;ija fhyq;fspy; jhtuq;fSf;F caph; ,y;iy vd kdpjh;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhz;bUe;jhh;fs;. Mdhy; ,d;iwa mwptpay; Afj;jpy; jhtuq;fSf;Fk; caph; cz;L vd;gJ mfpyk; KOtJk; mwpe;j tp\ak;. vdNt irt czT cz;Zgth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; caph;fis nfhy;yhky; ,Ug;gJ vd;gJ rhj;jpaf; $W my;y vd;w fUj;ij tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

jhtuq;fshYk; typia czu KbAk;:

jhtuq;fshy; typia czu KbahJ. vdNt jhtuq;fis nfhy;tJ - capUs;s gpuhzpfis nfhy;tijtpl - Fiwe;j ghtk;jhd; vd rpyh; thjplf; $Lk;. ,d;iwa mwptpay; - jhtuq;fSk; typia czu KbAk; vd;W ekf;Ff; fw;Wj; jUfpwJ. 20 Hertz f;F Fiwthd rg;jj;ijAk; 20>000 Hertz f;F Nkw;gl;;l rg;jj;ijAk; kdpjdhy; Nfl;f Kbahj fhuzj;jhy;> jhtuq;fs; typapdhy; myWtij ehk; mwpa KbahJ. mnkhpf;fhtpy; cs;s tptrhap xUth; Muha;r;rp nra;J> jhtuq;fs; myWtij - kdpjh;fs; Nfl;Fk; msTf;F khw;wf;$ba fUtp xd;wpid fz;L gpbj;jpUf;fpwhh;. Nkw;gb fUtpapd; %yk; jhtuq;fs; jz;zPUf;fhf myWtij kdpjh;fshy; Nfl;f KbAk;. gpd;dhy; te;j NtW rpy Muha;r;rpahsh;fs; jhtuq;fSk; - kfpo;r;rp - tUj;jk; Nghd;w czh;Tfis ntspg;gLj;Jk; Mw;wiy nfhz;lit vd;Wk; fz;L gpbj;Js;sdh;. ,t;thW jhtuq;fSk; typia czuf; $bait. kfpo;r;rp> tUj;jk; Nghd;w czh;Tfis ntspg;gLj;jf; $ba Mw;wiy nfhz;lit vd;gij mwptpay; cz;ikfs; ekf;F mwptpf;fpd;wd. 8. ,uz;L my;yJ %d;W Gyd;fis nfhz;L caph;thof;$baitfis nfhy;tJ vd;gJ Fiwe;j ghtk; nra;tJ MfhJ. xUKiw - xU irt czT cl;nfhs;gth; - vd;NdhL thjpLk;NghJ nrhd;dhh; kpUfq;fs; Ie;jwpT nfhz;lit. Mdhy; jhtuq;fs; - ,uz;L - my;yJ %d;W Gyd;fis nfhz;litjhd;. vdNt czTf;fhf Ie;jwpTs;s fhy;eilfis nfhy;tijtpl ,uz;L my;yJ Gyd;fis nfhz;l jhtuq;fis nfhy;tJ Fiwe;j ghtk; ,y;iyah vd;W. xU cjhuzj;jpw;F cq;fsJ rNfhjuh; - gpwtpapNyNa nrtpl;L - Cikahf ,Uf;fpwhh;. mtiu kw;w kdpjh;fNshL xg;gpLk;NghJ mth; ,uz;L Mw;wy;fs; - Fiwthf cs;sth;jhd;. tsh;e;J Mshd - cq;fsJ nrtpl;L Cik rNfhjuiu - xUth; nfhiy nra;J tpl;lhh; - vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fsJ nrtpl;L Cik rNfhjuh; ,uz;L Mw;wy;fs; Fiwthf cs;sth; - MfNt nfhiyahspf;F - Fiwe;j jz;lid je;jhy; NghJk; vd;W ePq;fs; ePjpgjpAld; thjhLtPh;fsh? khl;Bh;fs;. khwhf vd;d nrhy;tPh;fs; fhJ Nfshj - tha; Ngr Kbahj mg;ghtpia nfhd;wtUf;F ePjpkd;wk; mjpf jz;lid nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wjhd; thjpLtPh;fs;. 9.

fhy;eilfs; ngUFk;:

cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthUtUk; - irt czT khj;jpuk; cl;nfhs;gtuhf ,Ue;jhy; fhy;eilfspd; ngUf;fk; cyfj;jpy; mjpfhpf;Fk;. Vnddpy; fhy;eilfs; Ntfkhf ngUff; $bait. jhd; gilj;j gilg;Gfis ,t;Tyfpy; vt;thW rkepiyapy; itj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; xUtd;jhd;. vdNtjhd; kdpj th;f;fk; - khkpr czT cl;nfhs;s my;yh`; mDkjp mspj;jpUf;fpwhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

mj;jpahak;

;]_uj;Jy;

gfuhtpd;

168

trdk;

'kdpjh;fNs! g+kpapYs;s nghUl;fspy;> mDkjpf;fg;gl;ltw;iwAk; ghpRj;jkhdtw;iwAk; cz;Zq;fs;." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 168tJ trdk;).

Nfs;tp vz; - 7. ,];yhkpah;fs; fhy;eilfis - ,uf;fkw;w Kiwapy; rpj;jputij nra;J> fhy;eilfSf;F Ntjid jUk; Kiwapy; mWf;fpwhh;fNs?. ,J rhpah?. gjpy;: ']hgp`h" vd;wiof;fg;gLk; - ,];yhkpah;fs; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; tpjk; Fwpj;J kf;fspy; nghUk;ghNyhhplkpUe;J tpkhprdq;fs; tUfpd;wd. ,e;j Nfs;tpf;F gjpyspf;Fk; Kd; Nkw;gb nghUs; Fwpj;J - xU rPf;fpaUf;Fk; - xU ,];yhkpaUf;Fk; ele;j ciuahliy cq;fSf;F nrhy;yp tpLNwd;. rPf;fpah; xUth; ,];yhkpaiug; ghh;j;J Nfl;lhh; - ''ehq;fs; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; NghJ mjd; gpd;Gw kz;ilapy; xNu NghL Nghl;L - nfhd;W tpLfpNwhhk;. mJNghy nra;ahky; ePq;fs; Vd; mitfspd; fOj;ij mWj;J - rpj;utij nra;J nfhy;fpwPh;fs;?"" Nkw;gb Nfs;tp Nfl;fg;gl;l ,];yhkpah; nrhd;dhh;: ''fhy;eilfis gpd;Gwk; ,Ue;J jhf;fpf; nfhy;tjw;F cq;fisg; Nghy ehq;fs; xd;Wk; Nfhiofsy;y. ehq;fs; ijhparhypfs;. mjdhy;jhd; Kd;gf;fkhf mjd; fOj;ij mWj;J nfhy;fpNwhk;"" vd;W. Nkw;gb rk;gtk; Ntbf;ifahf ,Ue;jhYk; - ']hgp`h" vd;wiof;fg;gLk; - ,];yhkpah;fs; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; tpjk;jhd; kdpjj;jd;ik cs;sJ kw;Wk; mwptpay; hPjpahf rpwe;j Kiw vd;gij fPo;f;fhZk; tpguq;fs; ekf;F Gyg;gLj;Jk;: 1. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; tpjk;. mugpnkhopapy; “']f;fhj;" vd;why; “'J}a;ik" vd;w nghUs;. Nkw;gb nrhy;ypypUe;J ']f;fa;Jk;" (J}a;ikg;gLj;Jjy;) vd;w tpidr;nrhy; ngwg;gl;lJ. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; fhy;eilfis mWg;gjw;F> fPof;fhZk; epge;jidfs; G+h;j;jp nra;ag;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. a. fhy;eilfis mWf;f gad;gLk; fj;jp my;yJ ths; kpff; $h;ikahdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. fhy;eilfs; kpff; $h;ikahd fj;jp my;yJ thshy; mWf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mWf;Fk; NghJ> fhy;eilfs; typia czuhjthW my;yJ kpff; FiwthfNt typia czUkhW - kpf Ntfkhf mWf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. b. ']gp`h" vd;why; mugpnkhopapy; mWj;jy; vd;W nghUs;gLk;. Kiwapy; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk;NghJ fOj;jpy; cs;s ,uj;jf;FohAk; xNu rkaj;jpy; mWf;fg;gl;L - fhy;eilfis Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW nra;Ak;NghJ fhy;eilfspd; Jz;bf;fg;glhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

Nkw;gb ,];yhkpa %r;Rf; FohAk;> caphpof;fr; nra;a euk;G kz;lyk;

c. mWf;fg;gl;l fhy;eilfspd; clypy; cs;s ,uj;jk; KOtJk; topAk;gbr; nra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,uj;jk; KOtJk; tope;Njhlr; nra;tjd; Nehf;fk; - mWf;fg;gl;l fhy;eilfspd; ,uj;jk; - ,uj;jf; Foha;fspy; jq;fp fpUkpfs; cUthfhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;bahFk;. fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk; NghJ jz;Ltlk; Jz;bf;fg;glhky; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. jz;LtLk; Jz;bf;fg;gLtjhy; - ,jaj;jpw;F nry;yf;$ba ,uj;j ehsq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;L - ,jak; epd;W Nghff; $ba epiy cz;lhfyhk;. ,jdhy; ,jaj;jpy; cs; ,uj;jk; ,uj;j ehsq;fspy; jq;fptplf; $Lk;.

d. fpUkpfSk; - Neha;f;fpUkpfSk; cUthf fhuzkhf miktJ ,uj;jNk. fpUkpfSk; - Neha;f;fpUkpfSk; cUthf fhuzkhf miktJ clypy; cs;s ,uj;jNk. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk;NghJ - fhy;ielfspd; clypy; cs;s ,uj;jk; KOtJk; tope;Njhlr; nra;ag;gLtjhy; Neha;f;fpUkpfs; cUthtjpy;iy. e. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; mWf;fg;gLk; fhy;eilfspd; ,iwr;rp eP;z;l Neuk; nfl;Lg; Nghfhky; ,Uf;Fk;. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; mWf;fg;gLk; ,iwr;rpapy; ,uj;jk; fye;J tplhky; ,Ug;gjhy; - NtWtpjkhf nfhy;yg;gLk; fhy;eilfspd; ,iwr;rpiatpl ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; mWf;fg;gLk; ,iwr;rp eP;z;l Neuk; nflhky; ,Uf;Fk;. f. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; fhy;eilfis mWf;Fk;NghJ - fhy;eilfs; typia czh;tjpy;iy. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; fhy;eilfs; mWf;fg;gLk;nghOJ - fhy;eilfspd; fOj;J euk;Gfs; kpf Ntfkhf mWf;fg;gl;L typia %isf;Ff; flj;jpr; nry;yf;$ba euk;G kz;lyk; Jz;bf;fg;gl;L tpLtjhy;> mWf;fg;gLk; fhy;eilfs; typia czu;tjpy;iy. ,uj;jk; clypypUe;J ntspNaWtjhy; - clypy; cs;s rijg;ghfq;fs; - ,uj;jk; ,d;wp RUq;fp tpLtjhy; Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jhy; jhd; mWf;fg;gl;l kpUfq;fs; - Js;StjhfTk; - Jbg;gjhfTk; ekf;Fj; njhpfpd;wNjj; jtpu typahy; my;y. Nfs;tp vz; - 8. kdpjd; vd;d cz;fpwhNdh - mjDila jhf;fk; mtdJ eltbf;iffspy; ntspg;gLk; vd;gJ mwptpay; $w;W. mg;gb ,Uf;Fk;NghJ - ,];yhk; Gyhy; czT cz;z mDkjpaspg;gJ vg;gb? Vnddpy;> Gyhy; czT cz;ZtJ kdpjid td;KiwahsdhfTk; - %h;f;fkhdtdhfTk; khw;WNk vg;gb?. gjpy;: 1. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; - jhtu cz;zpfshd ML> khL> xl;lfk; Nghd;w fhy;ielfis khj;jpuk;> kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ. kdpjd; vd;d cz;fpwhNdh - mjDila jhf;fk; mtdJ eltbf;iffspy; ntspg;gLk; vd;gij ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; - khkpr cz;zpfshd rpq;fk; - Gyp - rpWj;ij Nghd;w tpyq;fpdq;fis kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;tij jil nra;Js;sJ. Vnddpy; Nkw;gb tpyq;fpdq;fs; %h;f;f Fzk; nfhz;lit. Nkw;gb tpyq;fpdq;fspd; ,iwr;rpia cz;gth;fs; %h;f;ff; Fzk; nfhz;lth;fshf khwyhk;. mjdhy;jhd; ,];yhk; jhtu cz;zpfshd ML - khL - xl;lfk; Nghd;w gpuhzpfspd; ,iwr;rpia kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s mDkjpj;Js;sJ. Nkw;gb gpuhzpfs; mikjpahdJk; - gzpthdJk; MFk;. ,];yhkpah;fshd ehq;fs; - mikjpahd gpuhzpfshd - ML - khL - xl;lfk; Nghd;witfis czthf cl;nfhs;fpNwhk;. vdNtjhd; ehq;fs; mikjpia tpUk;Gfpwth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. 2.

mUs; kiw Fh;MDk; - egpfshhpd; nghd;nkhopAk; - nfl;l czT tiffis cz;gij jil nra;Js;sJ.

'(egpahfpa) mth; ed;ikahd fhhpaq;fisr; nra;AkhW VTthh;. ghtkhd fhhpaq;fspypUe;J tpyf;Fthh;. J}a;ikahd Mfhuq;fisNa mth;fSf;F MFkhf;Fthh;. nfl;ltw;iw mth;fSf;Fj; jLj;JtpLthh;.." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 07 - ]{uj;Jy; m/uhg; - 157tJ trdk;) 26

'NkYk; (ek;) J}jh; cq;fSf;F vijf; nfhLf;fpd;whNuh mij vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,d;Dk; vijtpl;Lk; cq;fis tpyf;Ffpd;whNuh mij tpl;Lk; tpyfpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 59 - ]{uj;Jy; `\;h; - 7tJ trdk;)

rpy gpuhzpfspd; ,iwr;rpia kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s mDkjpaspj;jpUf;Fk; my;yh`; - rpy gpuhzpfspd; ,iwr;rpia kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s jil nra;jpUf;fpwhd; vd;gij xU ,];yhkpad; njhpe;J nfhs;s - egpfshhpd; nghd;nkhop xd;Nw NghJkhdjhFk;. 3.

khkprk; cz;Zk; gpuhzpfis kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;sj; jil gw;wp egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;j nra;jp :

K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;jjhf ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; Nkw;gb nra;jp ]`P`{y; G`hhp - ]`P`{y; K];ypk; (`jP]; vz; 4752) ]{dd; ,g;D kh[h (`jP]; vz; - 3232 Kjy; 3234 tiu) Nghd;w `jP]; (nra;jp) E}y;fspy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd. m.

khkprk; cz;zf;$ba> $hpa gw;fisAk; efq;fisAk; cila fhl;L tpyq;Ffshd rpq;fk;> Gyp> eha;> Xeha; Nghd;witfs;> M. nfhwpj;Jj; jpz;zf;$ba gw;fis cila vyp> ngUr;rhyp> mzpy; Nghd;witfs;> ,. Ch;e;J jphpaf; $ba ghk;G> Kjiy Nghd;w gpuhzpfs;> <. $hpa myFfisAk; - fhy; efq;fisAk; cila fOF> gUe;J> fhfk;> Me;ij Nghd;w gwitfs; Mfpait kdpjh;fs; czthf cl;nfhs;s jil nra;ag;gl;l gpuhzpfs; kw;Wk; gwitfs; MFk;. Nfs;tp vz; 9. ,];yhk; rpiy tzf;fj;ij jil nra;jpUf;Fk;NghJ - ,];yhkpah;fs; f/ghit topgLtJk; - f/ghTf;F jiytzq;FtJk; vt;thW Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;?. gjpy;: f/gh vd;gJ K];ypk;fs; njhOifapd; NghJ Nehf;fp epw;Fk; jpirahFk;. K];ypk;fs; f/ghtpd; jpiria Nehf;fp njhOjhYk; f/ghit njhOtjpy;iy vd;gJ Fwpg;gplj;jf;fjhFk;. ,];yhkpah;fs; my;yh`;itj;jtpu NtW vtUf;Fk; my;yJ NtW vjw;Fk; jiytzq;FtJk; ,y;iy. my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW vtiuAk; my;yJ NtW vjidAk; njhOtJkpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,uz;lhtJ fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

mj;jpahak;

]_uj;Jy;

gfuhtpd;

144

trdk;

'(egpNa!) ehk; ck; Kfk; mbf;fb thdj;ij Nehf;ff; fhz;fpNwhk;. vdNt ePh; tpUk;Gk; fpg;yhtpd; gf;fk; ck;ikj; jplkhfj; jpUg;gp tpLfpNwhk;. MfNt ePh; ,g;nghOJ (kf;fhtpd;) k];[pJy; `uhk; gf;fk; ck; Kfj;ijj; jpUg;gpf; nfhs;Sk;. (K];ypk;fNs!) ,d;Dk; ePq;fs; vq;fpUe;jhYk; (njhOifapd; NghJ) cq;fs; Kfq;fis me;j (fpg;yhtpd;) gf;fNk jpUg;gpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;."

1. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; xw;Wikia typAWj;JfpwJ: cjhuzj;jpw;F ,];yhkpah;fs; ,iwtidj; njho tpUk;gpdhy; - xU rhuhh; tlf;F Nehf;fpj; njhOtij tpUk;gyhk;. kw;nwhU rhuhh; njw;F Nehf;fpj; njhOtij tpUk;gyhk;. Mdhy; me;j Vf ,iwtdhk; my;yh`;itj; njhOtjpy; $l ,];yhkpah;fs; xw;Wikiaf; filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fj;jpy;> ,iwtidj; njhOk;NghJ ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; f/ghit Kd;Ndhf;f Ntz;Lk; vd gzpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. f/ghtpw;F Nkw;Fg;Gwj;jpy; thOk; ,];yhkpah;fs; (mth;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F fpof;Fj; jpirapy; f/gh ,Ug;gjhy;) fpof;Fj;jpir Nehf;fpAk;> f/ghtpw;F - fpof;;Fj; jpirapy; thOk; ,];yhkpah;fs; (mth;fs; ,Uf;Fk; ,lj;jpw;F Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; f/gh ,Ug;gjhy;) Nkw;Fj; jpir Nehf;fpAk; njhOthh;fs;. 2. cyf tiu glj;jpd; kj;jpapy; f/gh mike;Js;sJ. ,];yhkpah;fs;jhd; cyf tiuglj;ij Kjd; Kjyhf tbtikj;jhh;fs;. cyf tiuglj;ij tbtikj;j ,];yhkpah;fs; cyf cUz;ilapd; njw;F jpir tiuglj;jpd; Nky; gf;fk; ,Ug;gJ NghyTk; - tlf;Fj; jpir tiuglj;jpd; fPo;Gwk; ,Ug;gJ NghyTk; tbtikj;jhh;fs;. mg;gb tbtikj;jNghJ ,];yhkpah;fs; Nehf;fpj; njhOk; jpirahd f/gh - cyf tiuglj;jpd; kj;jpapy; mike;jpUe;jJ. gpd;dh; - Nkw;fj;jpa cyfpd; tiuglty;Ydh;fs; cyf tiuglj;ij tbtikj;jNghJ - cyf cUz;ilapd; tlf;Fj; jpir tiuglj;jpd; Nky; gf;fk; ,Ug;gJ NghyTk; - njw;Fj; jpir tiuglj;jpd; fPo;Gwk; ,Ug;gJ NghyTk; tbtikj;jhh;fs;. Nkw;fj;jpah;fs; cyf tiuglj;ij khw;wp tbtikj;jhYk; - f/gh mike;jJ cyf tiuglj;jpd; kj;jpapy;jhd;. 3. f/ghit Rw;wp tyk; tUtJ Xhpiwiar; Rl;bf;fhl;lNt! ,];yhkpah;fs; kf;fhtpw;F nry;Yk; nghOJ k];[pNj `uj;jpy; cs;s f/ghit Rw;wp tyk; tUthh;fs;. mt;thW f/ghit Rw;wp tyk; tUtJ Xhpiw vd;Dk; Vf nja;t nfhs;ifapy; ,];yhkpah;fs; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ek;gpf;ifiar; Rl;bf; fhl;lTk;> xU ,iwtidNa tzq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij Rl;bf;fhl;lTNk MFk;. xU tl;lk; xNu xU kj;jpa Gs;spia khj;jpuk; nfhz;bUg;gJ Nghd;W> tzf;jpw;Fhpa ,iwtDk; my;yh`; xUtNd vd;gij czh;j;j Ntz;bAk; MFk;. 4. ckh; (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp xd;W: `[;h; my; - m`;tj; vd;Dk; fUg;Gf; fy;iyg;gw;wp my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; md;Gj; Njhoh; ckh; (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp xd;wpy; fPof;fz;lthW mwptpf;fpwhh;fs;: 'ey;yNjh my;yJ nfl;lNjh nra;a Kbahj fy; vd;gij ehd;

mwpNtd;. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; cd;idj; njhl;L - Kj;jkpLtij ehd; ghh;j;jpUf;fhtpl;lhy;> ehDk; cd;idj; njhl;L Kj;jkpl;bUf;f khl;Nld;". Nkw;gb nra;jp ]`P`{y; G`hhp vd;Dk; nra;jp Gj;jfj;jpy; 56tJ mj;jpahaj;jpy; 675tJ nra;jpfhf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. 5. f/ghtpd; Nky; Vwp epd;W njhOiff;fhf miog;G tpLj;jy;: mz;zy; egp(]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; - egpj; Njhoh;fs; f/ghtpd; Nky; Vwp epd;W njhOiff;fhf miog;G tpLj;Js;sdh;. f/ghit tzq;Ftjhf ,];yhkpah;fis Nehf;fpf; Fw;wk; Rkj;Jgtiu ghh;j;J Nfl;fpNwd; - ve;jr; rpiy tzq;fp> mth; tzq;ff; $ba rpiyapd; kPJ Vwp epw;ghh;? Nfs;tp vz;: 10 28

,];yhk; my;yhj khw;W kjj;jth;fs; mDkjpf;fg;gLtJ ,y;iyNa. Vd;?.

kf;fhtpw;Fk;

kjpdhtpw;Fk;

nry;y

gjpy;: khw;W kjj;jth;fs; kf;fhtpw;Fk; - kjpdhtpw;Fk; nry;y mDkjpf;fg;gLtJ ,y;iy vd;gJ cz;ik. mbapw; fhZk; tpsf;;fq;fs; Nkw;gb jiliag; gw;wp njspthf;f cjTk;: 1.

ehl;bYs;s vy;yh Fbkf;fSk; jil nra;ag;gl;l ,lq;fSf;Fr; nry;y KbahJ.

ehd; xU ,e;jpaf; Fbkfd;. MapDk; uhZt Nfe;jpuq;fs; Nghd;w ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfSf;Fs; nry;y vdf;F mDkjpapy;iy. uhZtj;jpy; gzpGhpgth;fs; - kw;Wk; uhZtj;NjhL njhlh;G cilath;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd; uhZt Nfe;jpuq;fs; Nghd;w ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfSf;Fs; nry;y mDkjp cz;L. ,JNghy- xt;nthU ehl;bYk; me;j ehl;bd; rhjhuz Fbkf;fs; nry;y KbahjthW ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfs; rpy ,Uf;fpd;wd. mJ Nghy ,];yhk; cyfj;jpw;Fk; - cyfj;jpy; cs;s kf;fSf;Fk; nghJthd khh;f;fkhf ,Ue;jhYk; - ,];yhj;jpd; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpahf ,Ug;gJ ,uz;L Gdpj efuq;fshd kf;fhTk; - kjpdhTkhFk;. ,];yhj;jpd; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpahf ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j - ,uz;L Gdpj efuq;fshd kf;fhTf;Fk; kjpdhTf;Fk; nry;y mDkjpAs;sth;fs; ,];yhkpah;fs; khj;jpuNk. ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpfSf;Fr; nry;y jil nra;jpUg;gij ehl;bd; rhjhuz Fbkfd; vjph;g;gJ rhpahdJ my;y. mNj Nghd;Wjhd; K];ypk; my;yhjth;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l gFjpahf ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j - ,uz;L Gdpj efuq;fshd kf;fhTf;Fk; kjpdhTf;Fk; nry;y mDkjp kWf;fg;gl;bUg;gJ Fwpj;J vjph;g;G njhptpg;gJk; rhpahdJ my;y. 2.

kf;fhTf;Fk; kjpdhTf;Fk; nry;y mDkjpf;Fk; “'tp\h"

xUth; ntspehl;bw;F nry;y Ntz;Lnkdpy; me;ehl;bw;F nry;tjw;fhf “'tp\h" mjhtJ mDkjp ngw Ntz;Lk;. xt;nthU ehLk; jkJ ehl;bw;F tu mDkjp ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy;> jkf;nfd tpj;jpahrkhd rl;lq;fisAk;> tpjpfisAk;> NjitfisAk; tFj;Js;sd. Nkw;gb tFf;fg;gl;Ls;s rl;lq;fSf;Fk; - tpjpfSf;Fk;> NjitfSf;Fk; cl;glhjth;fSf;F jk; ehl;bw;Fs; tu mDkjp mspg;gjpy;iy. ,t;thW jk; ehl;bw;Fs; tu mDkjp mspg;gjpy; fLikahd rl;lq;fisAk;> tpjpfisAk;> NjitfisAk; tFj;Js;s ehLfspy; mnkhpf;fhTk; xd;W. Fwpg;ghf %d;whk; ju ehLfspy; cs;s kf;fSf;F mDkjp mspg;gjw;nfd fLikahd rl;l jpl;lq;fis tFj;Js;sJ. %d;whe;ju ehLfspy; cs;s kf;fs; mnkhpf;fh nry;y tp\h ngw Ntz;Lnkdpy; Vuhskhd NjitfisAk; - epge;jidfisAk; G+h;j;jp nra;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. fle;j Kiw ehd; rpq;fg;G+Uf;F nrd;wNghJ> Nghijg;nghUs; flj;JNthUf;F kuz jz;lid vd rpq;fg;g+h; ,kpf;Nu\d; gbtj;jpy; vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. ehd; rpq;fg;G+h; nry;y Ntz;Lk; vdpy; rpq;fg;G+hpd; rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;F cl;gl;Nl Mf Ntz;Lk;. kuz jz;lid fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdk; vd ehd; thjhl KbahJ. ehd; rpq;fg;g+hpd; rl;l jpl;lq;fSf;F cl;gLNtd; vd;why; khj;jpuNk> vd;id rpq;fg;G+h; nry;y mDkjpg;ghh;fs;. ,];yhj;jpd; Gdpj efuq;fshd kf;fhtpw;Fk; - kjpdhtpw;Fk; nry;y tpUk;Gk; ve;j kdpjUf;Fk; -,Uf;f Ntz;ba xNunahU Kf;fpaj; jFjp vd;dntdpy; - jd; cjLfshy; nkhope;J> cs;sj;jhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sf; $ba

“'yh ,yh` ,y;yy;yh`; - K`k;kJu; u]{Yy;yh`;" 'tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ehad; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ahUk; ,y;iy. K`k;kJ egp mtdJ J}juhthh;" - vd;gJjhd;. 29

Nfs;tp vz; 11. ,];yhk; gd;wp ,iwr;rpia czthf cl;nfhs;sj; jil

nra;jpUg;gJ Vd;?

gjpy;: ,];yhk; gd;wp ,iwr;rpia czthf cl;nfhs;s jil nra;jpUg;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j cz;ik. ,e;jj; jil Vd;? vd;gJ gw;wpa tpguj;ij fPo;f;fhZk; tpsf;fq;fs; %yk; njspthf mwpayhk;. 'gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil" gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Md;: gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gJ jil nra;ag;gl;bUg;gJ gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Fiwe;jJ ehd;F mj;jpahaq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

'jhdhfNt nrj;jJk;> ,uj;jKk;> gd;wpapd; khkprKk;> my;yh`; my;yhj ngah; nrhy;yg;gl;lJk; Mfpaitfisj;jhd; cq;fs; kPJ `uhkhf Mf;fpapUf;fpwhd;." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; - 02 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 173tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb fUj;Jf;fis mUs;kiwapd; mj;jpahak; Ie;J ]_uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; %d;whtJ trdj;jpYk;> mj;jpahak; MW ]_uj;Jy; md;Mk;- 145tJ trdj;jpYk; - mj;jpahak; gjpdhW ]_uj;Jd; e`;y; - 115tJ trdj;jpYk; fhzyhk;. mUs;kiwapd; Nkw;gb trdq;fs; ,];yhj;jpy; gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gJ jil nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf mike;Js;sd. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil

vd;W iggpSk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

fpw];jth;fspd; Ntj Gj;jfkhd iggps; Fwpg;gpLk; jilfisg; gw;wp fpwp];jth;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nrhd;dhy; mth;fSk; mwpe;J nfhs;thh;fs;. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil vd;W iggpspSk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. iggpspd; mj;jpahak; 11 - nytpl;bf;f]; (Leviticus) trdk; 7 Kjy; 8 tiuapYk;> iggpspd; mj;jpahak; 14 - bAl;lh;Ndhkp (Deuteronomy) trdk; 8 k; gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil gw;wp mwptpf;fpd;wd. NkYk; iggpspd; mj;jpahak; 65 - Gf; M/g; ,i\ah (Book of Isaiyah) 2 Kjy; 5 tiuAs;s trdq;fspy; gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zj; jil gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; - kdpjDf;F Vuhskhd Neha;fs; cz;lhfpd;wd. ve;j tp\aj;ijAk; K];ypk; my;yhjth;fSk;> flTNs ,y;iy vd;W kWg;gth;fSk; fhuzj;JlDk;> gFj;jwpT hPjpahfTk;> mwptpay; cz;ikAlDk; nrhd;dhy;jhd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;thh;fs;. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; kdpjDf;F vOgJ tpjkhd Neha;fs; cz;lhfpwJ. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; kdpjdpd; tapw;wpy; 'tl;lg;GO" (RoundWorm) Crpg;GO (PinWorm) nfhf;fpg;GO (HookWorm) Nghd;w Flw;GOf;fs; cz;lhfpd;wd. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; kdpjdpd; tapw;wpy; ehlhg;GO cUthfpwJ. ,e;j ePskhd ehlhg;GO kdpj Flypd; mbg;gFjpapy; nrd;W jq;fptpLfpwJ. mJ ,Lk; Kl;il ,uj;j ehsq;fs; topahf clypd; vy;yhg; ghfq;fSf;Fk; guTfpwJ. ,e;j Kl;il kdpj %isar; nrd;wile;jhy; kdpjd; jd; epidthw;wiy ,og;ghd;. ,e;j Kl;il kdpj ,jaj;ijr; nrd;wile;jhy; kdpjDf;F khuilg;G cz;lhfpwJ. ,e;j Kl;il kdpjdpd; fz;fisr; nrd;wile;jhy; kdpjd; fz;ghh;itia ,of;fpwhd;. ,e;j Kl;il kdpjdpd; <uiyr; nrd;wile;jhy; kdpjdpd; <uy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,t;thW gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; kdpj tapw;wpy; cUthFk; ehlhg;GOtpd; Kl;ilfs; kdpj cUg;Gfs; midj;ijAk; nraypof;fr; nra;Ak; ty;yik cs;sit. 30

gd;wp ,iwr;rpapy; jphp$uh jpr;Ruh]p]; (Trichura Tichurasis) vd;w ngaiuAila kw;nwhU Mgj;jhd Flw;GO cs;sJ. gd;wp ,iwr;rpia ed;whf Ntf itj;Jtpl;lhy; ,J Nghd;w GOf;fs; kuzpj;J tpLfpd;wd vd;gJ xU nghJthd mNj rkak; jtwhd fUj;J kf;fspilNa ,Uf;fpwJ. ,J gw;wpa Ma;T xd;W mnkhpf;fhtpy; elj;jg;gl;lNghJ ,Ugj;J ehd;F Ngh; jphp$uh jpr;Ruh]p]; (Trichura Tichurasis) vd;W Flw;GO Nehahy; jhf;fg;gl;bUe;jhh;fs;. mth;fspy; ,Ugj;jp ,uz;L Ngh; gd;wp ,iwr;rpia ed;whf Ntfitj;J rhg;gpl;lth;fs; vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lJ. rhjhuzkhd ntg;gj;jpy; rikf;fg;gLk; gd;wp ,iwr;rpapy; - Flw;GO cz;L vd Nkw;gb Ma;tpypUe;J ehk; mwpAk; nra;jp gd;wp ,iwr;rpapy; nfhOg;Gr; rj;J mjpfk;. gd;wp ,iwr;rpapy; khkpr rj;ijtpl nfhOg;Gr; rj;Nj mjpfk;. gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;gjhy; Vw;gLk; nfhOg;Gr; rj;J kdpj ,uj;j ehsq;fis milj;J tpLtjhy; - kdpjDf;F ,uj;j mOj;j NehAk; - khuilg;Gk; cz;lhfpd;wJ. vdNt mnkhpf;fh;fspy; Ik;gJ rjtPjk; Ngh; ,uj;j mOj;jk; cs;sth;fshf ,Ug;gjpy; Mr;rhpak; ,y;iy. cyfpy; cs;s kpUfq;fspy; vy;yhk; NfLnfl;l kpUfk; gd;wp. G+kpay; cs;s tpyq;fpdq;fspy; vy;yhk; NfLnfl;l tpyq;fpdk; gd;wp. gd;wp Nrw;wpYk;> rfjpapYk;> kyj;jpYk; thof;$ba tpyq;fpdk;. flTspd; gilg;gpy; xU rpwe;j Rj;jpfhpf;Fk; kpUfk; gd;wp. etPd fopg;giw trjp ,y;yhj fpuhkg;Gwq;fspy; kdpjh;fs; - fhLfspYk; ntl;lntspapYk;jhd; ky[yk; fopg;ghh;fs;. ,e;j kyj;ij Rj;jk; nra;tJ gd;wpjhd;. M];jpNuypah Nghd;w Nkiy ehLfspy; gd;wpfs; kpf Rj;jkhd #o;epiyapy; tsh;f;fg;gLfpd;wd vd rpyh; thjpl Kw;glyhk;. ve;j khjphp Rj;jkhd #o;epiyapYk; gd;wpfs; xd;whfj;jhd; milj;J itf;fg;gLfpd;wd. vj;jidjhd; Rj;jkhd #o;epiyapy; ePq;fs; gd;wpfis itj;jpUe;jhYk; - gd;wp ,aw;ifahfNt NfL nfl;lit. jd;Dila kyj;ijAk; - gpwUila kyj;ijAk; Ritj;Jj; jpd;Dk; kpUfk; gd;wp. cyfpy; cs;s kpUfq;fspy; vy;yhk; ntl;fk; nfl;l kpUfk; gd;wp. cyfpy; cs;s kpUfq;fspy; vy;yhk; ntl;fk; nfl;l kpUfk; gd;wpjhd;. jdJ ez;gh;fis mioj;J te;J jdJ JizAld; ez;gh;fis clYwT nfhs;sr; nra;Ak; kpUfk; gd;wp. mnkhpf;fhtpy; ngUk;ghd;ikapdh; gd;wp ,iwr;rp cz;zf; $bath;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,uT Neu ghh;l;bfs; Kbe;j gpwF jq;fSf;Fs; “'kidtpaiu khw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; gz;ghL" (mjhtJ vdJ kidtpAld; eP> cdJ kidtpAld; ehd; vd) nfhz;lth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. gd;wp ,iwr;rp jpd;gtd; gd;wpiag; Nghyj;jhd; nray;gLthd;. ,e;jpah;fshd ehk; mnkhpf;fh;fis kpfTk; Kd;Ndwpath;fs; vdTk; - kpfTk; gz;ghL cilath;fs; vdTk; jiyf;F Nky; itj;J nfhz;lhLfpNwhk;. mth;fs; vd;d nra;jhYk; mjid ehKk; mg;gbNa gpd;gw;WfpNwhk;. rkPgj;jpy; Kk;igapypUe;J gpuRukhFk; “'INyz;l;" vd;Dk; khjg;gj;jphpf;if ntspapl;Ls;s fl;Liu “kidtpaiu khw;wpf; nfhs;Sk; 'gz;ghL" Kk;ig tl;lhuj;jpy; rh;t rhjhuzk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Nfs;tp vz;: 12 kJ mUe;j ,];yhj;jpy; jil ,Ug;gJ Vd;? gjpy;: kdpjDf;F epidT njhpe;j ehs; Kjyha; - rKjhaj;jpd; nfhs;isNehahf ,Ue;J tUtJ Nghij jUk; ,e;j kJ ghdq;fs;. cyfk; KOtJk; cs;s kdpj rKjhaj;jpd; mopT vd;Dk; ngUe;JaUf;F fhuzkhf mike;jpUg;gJ ,e;j kJ ghdq;fs;. ,d;W kdpj rKjhak; re;jpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xl;L nkhj;j gpur;idfSf;Fk; MzpNtuhf 31

mike;jpUg;gJ ,e;j kJ ghdq;fs;. cyfpy; gy;fpg; ngUfp tUk; Fw;wq;fSf;F fhuzkhfTk;> kf;fis eLj; njUTf;F nfhz;L tUtJk;> kf;fspd; csr;Nrhh;Tf;F fhuzpahfTk; mike;jpUg;gJ ,e;j kJghdq;fspd; mopf;Fk; rf;jpjhd;. my;-Fh;Md; kJghdj;ij jil nra;Js;sJ: mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; my;yh`; kJghdk; mUe;Jtij jilnra;Js;shd;:

90tJ trdj;jpd; %yk;

'tpRthrk; nfhz;lth;fNs! kJghdKk;> #jhl;lKk;> fw;rpiyfis topgLjYk;> mk;Gfs; vwpe;J Fwp Nfl;gJk; i\j;jhdpd; mUtUf;fj;jf;f nray;fspy; cs;sitahFk;: MfNt ,tw;iw ePq;fs; jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; - mjdhy; ePq;fs; ntw;wpailtPh;fs;." kJ mUe;Jtij iggpSk; jil nra;fpwJ: iggpspd; 20tJ mj;jpahak; Proverbs cila 01tJ trdKk;> 5tJ mj;jpahak; Ephesians cila 18tJ trdKk; kJ mUe;JtJ rpwe;jJ my;y vd Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd. kdpj %isapd; jil nra;Ak; ikaj;ij (Inhibitory Centre) - ,aq;f tplhky; nra;fpwJ kJ ghdq;fs;: kdpj %isapy; jil nra;Ak; ikak; (Inhibitory Centre) vd;w xU gFjp cs;sJ. kdpjd; jhd; nra;Ak; nray; jtW vd;W vz;Zk; nray;fis nra;a tplhky; jLg;gJ Nkw;gb jil nra;Ak; ikaj;jpd; gzp. cjhuzj;jpw;F jdJ ngw;NwhiuNah my;yJ jdf;F %j;jth;fisNah nfl;l thh;j;ijfshy; Vrf;$lhJ vd;W xU kdpjidj; jLg;gJ jil nra;Ak; ikaj;jpd; Ntiy. xU kdpjd; jd; ,aw;ifj; Njitfis epiwNtw;wpf; nfhs;s tpUk;gpdhy; - mjid nghJ ,lj;jpy; nra;af; $lhJ vd;W jLg;gJ jil nra;Ak; ikaj;jpd; Ntiy. NghijapypUf;Fk; xU kdpj %isapd; jil nra;Ak; ikaj;jpd; gzp> kJ ghdq;fshy; jil nra;ag;gLfpwJ. vdNtjhd; FbNghijapy; ,Uf;Fk; kdpjd; rk;ge;jh rk;ge;jk; ,y;yhky; jd; kdk; Nghd Nghf;fpy; nray; gLfpwhd;. FbNghijapy; ,Uf;Fk; kdpjd; jdJ ngw;Nwhiuf; $l Nkhrkhd thh;j;ijfshy; VRtJk;> mth;fsplk; Nkhrkhf ele;J nfhs;tijAk; ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. Nghijapy; ,Ug;gth;fs; jk; MilfspNyNa rpW ePh; fopg;gijAk; - rhpahf elf;fNth my;yJ NgrNth Kbahky; ,Ug;gijAk; ghh;f;fpNwhk;. Fbg;gof;fk; cs;sth;fs; tpgr;rhuk;> ty;YwT nfhs;Sjy;> jfhjth;fsplk; cly; cwT nfhs;Sjy;> va;l;]; Nghd;w Fw;wq;fisr; nra;af; $bath;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;;: 1996 Mk; Mz;L mnkhpf;fhtpy; ehs; xd;Wf;F ruhrhpahf 2>713 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jjhf mnkhpf;f ePjpj;Jiwapd; xU gphpthd Njrpa Fw;wtpay; Gydha;Tj;Jiw Ma;twpf;if ntspapl;Ls;s Gs;sptpguk; njhptpj;jJ. Nkw;gb Gs;sp tpguj;jpd;gb ty;YwT Fw;wq;fspy; <Lgl;Nlhhpy; nghUk;ghyhNdhh; Nghijapy; ,Ue;jpf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gijAk; njhptpj;Js;sJ. mJ Nghd;Wjhd; rKjhaj;jpw;F njhy;iy jUk; gyUk; Nghij gof;fj;jpw;F cs;shdth;fs; vd;gijAk; Nkw;gb mwpf;if Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;sJ. Nkw;gb Gs;sptpgu mwpf;ifapd;gb mnkhpf;fh;fspy; 12 egh;fspy; xUth; jfhg; Gzh;r;rp (Incest - jil tpjpf;fg;gl;l cwtpdh;fspilNa fytp nra;jy;) nfhs;gth;fshf ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. jfhg;Gzh;r;rp nfhs;Sk; Fw;wj;jpy; <LgLk; midtUk; - Nghij gof;fj;jpw;F cs;shdth;fs;. jfhg;Gzh;r;rpapy; <LgLk; xUtNuh my;yJ ,uz;L NgUNkh Nghijapy; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gij Nkw;gb mwpf;if njhptpj;jpUf;fpwJ.

cyfpy; va;l;]; vd;Dk; caph;f; nfhy;yp Neha; guTtjw;F Kf;fpa fhuzpfspy; xd;whf Nghijg;gof;fk; mike;Js;sJ. Fbg;gof;fk; cs;s xt;nthUtUk; Muk;gj;jpy; “nfsutj;jpw;fhf Fbf;f Jtq;fpath;fNs! Fbg;gof;fk; cs;s gyUk; - kJ ghdq;fSf;F Mjuthf> jq;fis “'nfsut Fbfhuh;fs;" vd;W mioj;Jf; nfhs;thh;fs;. jhq;fs; vg;nghOJk; xd;W my;yJ ,uz;L ngf; khj;jpuk; Fbg;gjhfTk;> mjdhy; jhq;fs; Ra fl;Lg;ghl;Lld; ,Ug;gjhfTk;> jhq;fs; xUNghJk; FbNghijahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ljpy;iy vd;Wk; thjpLthh;fs;. xt;nthU FbfhuUk; Jtf;fj;jpy; 'nfsut Fbfhuuuhfj;jhd;" Muk;gpj;jpUf;fpwhh; vd Ma;twpf;iffs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. ve;j xU FbfhuUk; - Muk;gj;jpy; jhd; xU nkhlhf; Fbadhf Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;jpy; Fbf;f Muk;gpg;gjpy;iy. Mdhy; ve;j xU FbfhuUk; gy tUlq;fshf Fbj;jjpy; jhd; xU Kiw $l Nghijahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ljpy;iy - mth; Fbj;j vy;yh ehl;fspYk; Ra fl;Lg;ghl;Lld;jhd; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhh; vd;gij epr;rakhfr; nrhy;y KbahJ. XU Fbfhuh; xUehshtJ FbNghijahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;J - ghjpf;fg;gl;l me;j ehspy; mth; xU khdf;Nflhd nraiy nra;jpUg;ghNuahdhy; - me;j khdf;Nflhd nray; mtuJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; mtiu thl;b tijf;Fk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F xU “'nfsut Fbfhuh;" jdJ Ra fl;Lg;ghl;il xU ehshtJ ,oe;Jtpl;lhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. FbNghijahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;j me;j ehspy; mth; xU ty;YwT Fw;wk; nra;Jtpl;lhnudpy; my;yJ xUthplk; KiwNflhd cwT nfhz;Ltpl;lhh; vdpy; nra;j me;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf mth; tho;ehs; KOtJk; tUe;j Ntz;ba epiy cUthFk;. ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shdth; tho;ehs; KOtJk; f\;lg;glf; $ba epiyAk; ghjpg;Gf;F cs;shf;fpath; jhd; nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf tho;ehs; KOtJk; Fw;w czh;Tld; tho Ntz;ba epiyAk; Vw;glyhk;. kJghdq;fs; jil nra;ag;gl;lit vd;gJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jpfs;: kJghdq;fs; jil nra;ag;gl;lit vd;gJ gw;wp egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jpfs; ,];yhkpa nra;jpg; Ngiofspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ:

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jil

kJghdq;fs; mUe;Jgth;fs; khj;jpuk; ,iwtdhy; rgpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; my;y. kJghdq;fs; mUe;Jtjpy; NehpilahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth <LgLth;fs; midtUk; ,iwtdhy; rgpf;fg;gl;lth;fNs.

1. kJghdk; jahhpg;gtd; 2. ahUf;fhf kJghdk; jahhpf;fg;gl;lNjh> mtd; 3. kJghdq;fis Fbg;gtd; 4. kJghdq;fis tpw;gid Nfe;jpuq;fSf;F nfhz;L nry;gtd; 5. ahUf;fhf kJghdq;fs; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lNjh> mtd; 6. kJghdq;fis ghpkhWgtd; 7. kJghdq;fis tpw;gtd;> 8. kJghdq;fs; tpw;W tUk; gzj;ij gad;gLj;Jgtd;> 9. kJghdq;fis thq;Fgtd;> 10. kJghdq;fs; ahUf;fhf thq;fg;gl;lNjh> mtd; Mfpa gj;J rhuhh; kPJ my;yh`;tpd; rhgk; ,wq;FfpwJ." vd my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; nrhd;djhf egpj;Njhoh; md]; (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp> ]{dd; ,g;Dkh[h vd;Dk; ,];yhkpa nra;jpg;Ngioapd; %d;whk; ghfj;jpy; - Kg;gjhtJ mj;jpahakhd Nghijg;nghUl;fs; vd;Dk; jiyg;gpd; fPo; 3380tJ nra;jpahf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. Nghijg; nghUl;fs; mjhtJ kJ ghdq;fs; cl;nfhs;sf; $lhJ vd;gjw;F mwptpay; hPjpahfTk; Vuhskhd fhuzq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. xU Fwpg;gpl;l Nehapd; fhuzkhf cyfpy; mjpfkhd kuzq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd vdpy; - me;j Neha; kJghdk; mUe;Jtjhy;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. kJghdk; mUe;Jtjhy; cyfpy; yl;rf;fzf;fhd kf;fs; kuzpf;fpwhh;fs;. kJghdk; mUe;Jtjhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fs; gw;wp ehd; tphpthf tpsf;fj; Njitapy;iy. Vnddpy; kJghdk; mUe;Jtjhy; Vw;gLk; vy;yh Neha;fisAk; ehk; midtUk; nghJthf mwpe;jJjhd;. ,j;Jld; ehd; thpirg;gLj;jpapUf;Fk; - Neha;fs; - midj;Jk; Nghijg;nghUl;fis gad;gLj;jtjhy; - Fwpg;ghf kJghdq;fis mUe;Jtjhy; cz;lhFk; Neha;fshFk;. 1. kJghdq;fs; mUe;Jtjhy; <uyhpg;G Neha; cz;lhFk; vd;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j xd;W. 2. kdpj clypd; ,ug;ig - jiy - fOj;J kw;Wk; <uy; Nghd;w ,lq;fspy; Gw;WNeha; cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs. 3. ,ug;ig mow;rp Nghd;w Fly; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs. 4. ,uj;j mOj;jNeha; - kw;Wk; khh;G typ Nghd;w Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs. 5. thjk; - iffhy; Klf;fk; - typg;G Nghd;w Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs. 6. euk;G kz;lyk; ghjpf;fg;gly; - euk;Gj; jsh;r;rp Nghd;w euk;G rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs. 7. epidtpoj;jy; - %isf; NfhshW Nghd;w %is rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fs; Vw;glf; fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs. 8. Njhy; ntbj;jy; - Njhy; mhpg;G Nghd;w Njhy; rk;ge;jkhd Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJ kJghdq;fNs. 9. if - fhy; gjw;wk; - cly; eLf;fk; Nghd;w Neha;fs; cz;lhf fhuzkhf miktJ kJghdq;fNs. 10. clypy; gy gFjpapYk; cs;s ,uj;j ehsq;fs; kw;Wk; Rug;gpfis nraypof;fr; nra;tJ kJghdq;fNs. 11. kQ;rs; fhkhiy Nghd;w caph; nfhy;yp Neha;fs; cUthf fhuzkhf miktJ kJghdq;fNs. 12. kJghdq;fshy; Mz;fSf;F Vw;gLk; Neha; kw;Wk; ghjpg;Gfistpl ngz;fSf;F Vw;gLk; Neha;fSk; ghjpg;Gk; mjpfk;. fUj;jhpj;jpUf;Fk; ngz; kJghdq;fs; 34

mUe;Jtjhy; ed;whf tsh;e;j fU $l ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. kJ mUe;Jtjhy; fU ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fs; Vuhskhd Ngiu kUj;Jt cyfk; milahsk; fz;Ls;sJ. ,t;thW kJ mUe;Jtjhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;fs; Vuhsk;.

jhuhsk;.

kJ gof;fk; xU jPa Neha;. kJ mUe;Jgth;fs; kPJ jk; jhuhs kdg;Nghf;if iftpl;Ltpl;lhh;fs; jw;Nghija kUj;Jth;fs;. mJ xU nfl;l gof;fk; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lJ goq;fijahfp> ,g;NghJ kJg;gof;fj;ij xU jPa Neha; vd;W miof;fpwhh;fs;. kJg;gof;fk; xU jPa Neha; Gl;bfspy; milj;J kf;fpilNa tpw;fg;gLk; xU jPa Neha; jpdrhp nra;jpj; jhs;fspy; - thuhe;jpu> khjhe;jpu gj;jpf;iffspy; thndhypapy;> kw;Wk; njhiyf;fhl;rpfspy; tpsk;gug; gLj;jg;gl;L kf;fspilNa gug;gg;gLk; xU jPa Neha; chpkk; toq;fg;gl;l tpw;gid Nfe;jpuq;fspy; tpw;fg;gLk; xU jPa Neha; murhq;fj;jpw;F tUkhdj;ij <l;bj; juf;$ba xU jPa Neha; neLQ;rhiyfspd; Nfhu kuzq;fSf;F fhuzkhd xU jPa Neha; FLk;g tho;f;ifiar; rPuopj;J> r%ff; Fw;wq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; fhuzkhd mike;Js;s xU jPa Neha; ve;jtpj Neha; vr;rhpf;ifNah - my;yJ Neha;f;fpUkpfs; gw;wpa vr;rhpf;ifNah ,y;yhky; kf;fspilNa gug;gg;gLk; xU jPa Neha; vJ vd;why;; kJghdk; vd;w jPa NehNa. vd;gJ kJghdq;fspd; nfhLik gw;wp ,];yhkpa ntspapl;bUf;Fk; xU gpuRuj;jpd; thrfkhFk;.

Ma;T

ikak;

Kk;igapypUe;J

kJghdk; mUe;JtJ xU Neha; vd;W nrhy;tijtpl> mij i\j;jhdpd; Cryhl;lk; vd;gNj nghUj;jkhapUf;Fk;: my;yh`; mUspa mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; i\j;jhidg; gw;wp my;yh`; ekf;F vr;rhpf;if nra;fpwhd;. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; kdpjh;fSf;F Vw;w ,aw;ifahd khh;f;fkhFk;. i\j;jhdpd; Ntiyfs; midj;Jk; - kdpjid mtd; nry;Yk; rPuhd ghijia tpl;Lk; jLj;J> Nflhd ghijapy; mioj;Jr; nry;tjhFk;. Nghijf;F mbikahFk; kdpjh;fSk;> rKjhaj;jpy; ,aw;ifj; jd;ikia tpl;Lk; khw;wkhf elf;Fk; #o;epiyia ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. Nghijahy; - kdpjd; mtd; ,Uf;f Ntz;ba epiyia tpl;Lk; - mrhjhuz epiyf;Fj; js;sg;gLtijAk; ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. vdNtjhd; Nghijg; nghUl;fs; cgNahfpg;gij ,];yhk; jil nra;Js;sJ. Nfs;tp vz;: 13 ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; xNu Fh;Mid Vw;Wf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNj Ntisapy;> mth;fspilNa gy gphpTfisAk; - gy tpj;jpahrkhd nfhs;iffisAk; nfhz;bUg;gJ Vd;?. gjpy;: 1. ,d;]hkpah;fs; xd;W gl Ntz;Lk;: ,];yhkpah;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa gy gphpTfshf gphpe;J fplf;fpd;wdh; vd;gJ kWf;f Kbahj cz;ik. ,jpy; tUj;jg;glf; $ba nra;jp vd;dntdpy; gphpT vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; 35

nrhy;yg;glhj xd;W. ,];yhkpah;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa thoNtz;Lk; vd;gJjhd; ,];yhk; fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;.

gphpTfspd;wp

xw;WikAld;

'ePq;fs; vy;NyhUk; my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw tYthf gw;wpg; gpbj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;: ePq;fs; gphpe;Jk; tplhjPh;fs;" vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My ,k;uhdpd; 103 tJ trdk; $WfpwJ.

Nkw;fz;l Fh;Mdpd; trdj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gLk; my;yh`;tpd; fapW vJ njhpAkh?. mUs;kiw Fh;Md;jhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; vd;Dk; my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; xd;wpize;J gw;wpg; gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j trdj;jpy; ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fs; njhzpf;fpd;wd. mUs; kiw Fh;Md; vd;Dk; my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; gw;wpg;gpbg;gJld; - ,];yhkpah;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa gphpe;J Nghff; $lhJ vd;fpw ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fis Nkw;gb trdk; typAWj;JfpwJ.

'my;yh`;Tf;F fPo; gbAq;fs;. ,d;Dk; (my;yh`;tpd;) J}jUf;Fk; fPo;gbAq;fs;." vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd;

59tJ trdk; $Wfpd;wJ. Nkw;gb trdq;fspypUe;J ,];yhkpah;fs; ngWk; njspT vd;dntdpy; - mUs;kiw Fh;MidAk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwAk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjahFk;. 2.

,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; gphptpidfs; cz;lhf;Ftij jil nra;Js;sJ:

'epr;rakhf vth;fs; jq;fSila khh;f;fj;ij (jk; tpUg;gg;gb gythwhfg;) gphpj;J" gy gphptpduhf gphpe;J tpl;ldNuh mth;fSld;(egpNa!) ckf;F vt;tpj rk;ge;jKkpy;iy. mth;fSila tp\anky;yhk; my;yh`;tplNk cs;sJ. mth;fs; nra;J nfhz;bUe;jitfs; gw;wp Kbtpy; mtNd mth;fSf;F mwptpg;ghd;." vd mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; MwhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;Mk; - d;

159tJ trdk; $WfpwJ. Nkw;gb ,iw trdj;jpypUe;J ekf;F njhptpf;fg;gLk; nra;jp vd;dntdpy; vth; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ij gy gphpTfshf gphpj;J gy tFg;gpduhf gphpe;J tpl;ldNuh - mth;fistpl;L cz;ikahd ,];yhkpah;fs; tpyfptpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd;. Mdhy;> xU ,];yhkpaidg; ghh;j;J> ''eP ahh;?"" vd;W Nfs;tp vOg;gg;gl;lhy; mthplkpUe;J tuf;$ba nghJthd gjpy; “ehd; xU ]{d;dp> vd;gjhfNth my;yJ “ehd; xU \pah> vd;gjhfNthj;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,d;Dk; rpyh; jq;fis> “'\h/gp<" vd;Wk;> “'`d/gp<" vd;Wk; “'`k;gyp" vd;Wk; “'khypf;fp" vd;Wk; mioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. ,d;Dk; rpyh; “ehd; xU 'Njt;ge;jp<" vd;Wk; “ehd; xU 'nguy;tp<" vd;Wk; jq;fis mioj;Jf; nfhs;fpd;wdh;. 3. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; xU cz;ikahd ,];yhkpauhf ,Ue;jhh;fs;: Nkw;fz;lthW jq;fis mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; ,];yhkpah;fisg; ghh;j;J my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; ve;j gphpitr; rhh;e;jth;fs; - mjhtJ mth;fs; “'\h/gpah?" my;yJ “'`d/gpah?" my;yJ “'`k;gypah?" my;yJ “'khypf;fpah?" vd;W Nfl;Lg; ghUq;fs;. ,y;iy. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;> mth;fSf;F Kd;Gs;s my;yh`;tpd; J}jh;fisg; Nghd;W xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; vd;gJ kl;LNk mth;fsJ gjpyhf ,Uf;Fk;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My - ,k;uhdpd; 54tJ trdk; egp <]h (miy) mth;fs; Xh; ,];yhkpah; vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My - ,k;uhdpd; 67tJ trdk; egp ,g;wh`pk; 36

(miy) mth;fs; Xh; a+jNuh my;yJ fpwp];JtNuh my;y. mth; my;yh`;Tf;F Kw;wpYk; topg;gl;l Xh; ,];yhkpah; vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. 4. cq;fis eP;q;fs; K];ypk;fs; vd;W milahsk; fhl;Lq;fs; vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; typAWj;JfpwJ: vtuhtJ ,];yhkpah;fis ePq;fs; ahh; vd;W Nfl;lhy; - ,];yhkpah;fs; jhq;fs; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ijr; rhh;e;jth; vd;W nrhy;y Ntz;LNkj; jtpu jhq;fs; Xh; \h/gp< vd;Nwh my;yJ jhq;fs; Xh; `d/gp vd;Nwh nrhy;yf; $lhJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehw;gj;J xd;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `hkPk; ][;jhtpd; 33tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'vth; my;yh`;tpd; gf;fk; (kf;fis) mioj;J> ]hyp`hd (ey;y) mky;fisr; nra;J> ''epr;rakhf ehd; (my;yh`;Tf;F Kw;wpYk; topgl;l) K];ypk;fspy; epd;Wk; cs;std;"" vd;W $Wfpd;whNuh> mtiu tpl nrhy;yhy; mofpath; ahh;?.(,Uf;fpd;whh;). NtW thh;j;ijfspy; vd;gjhFk;.

nrhy;tnjd;why; - ehd; xU K];ypk; - vd;W

nrhy;Yq;fs;

my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp ( ]y;) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shj kd;dh;fSf;Fk;> Ml;rpahsh;fSf;Fk; jghy; %ykhf ,];yhj;jpw;F tUkhW miog;G tpLg;ghh;fs;. mt;thW miog;G tpLf;Fk; Nghnjy;yhk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; My-,k;uhdpd; 64 tJ trdj;jpd; filrp thh;j;ijfshf mike;jpUf;Fk; “'epr;rakhf ehq;fs; K];ypk;fs; vd;gjw;F ePq;fs; rhl;rpahf ,Uq;fs;" vd;fpw trdj;ij Fwpg;gpl;L jghy;fis mDg;gp itg;ghh;fs;. 5.

,];yhj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fSf;F fz;bg;ghf kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;.

khpahijf;Fhpa khh;f;f mwpQh;fshd ,khk; \h/gp (u`;)> ,khk; mg+ `dP/gh (u`;)> ,khk; `k;gy; (u`;)> ,khk; khypf; (u`;) MfpNahh; cl;gl ,];yhj;jpd; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; midtUf;Fk; ehk; fz;bg;ghf kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp mth;fs; Ma;T nra;J ,];yhj;jpw;F je;j gy ey;y nra;jpfSf;fhf my;yh`; mth;fSf;F kWikapy; ew;$ypia toq;fl;Lk;. ,];yhkpah;fs; ,khk; \h/gp (u`;) mth;fs; Ma;T nra;J ntspapl;l fUj;Jf;fisNah my;yJ ,khk; `d/gp (u`;) mth;fs; Ma;T nra;J ntspapl;l fUj;Jf;fisNah - ntspaplg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; Fh;Md; - `jP]{f;F khw;wkpy;yhj gl;rj;jpy; - vLj;J nray; gLj;Jtij vtUk; Ml;Nrgpf;f KbahJ. Mdhy; “''eP ahh;?"" vd;W ,];yhkpaiu Nehf;fp Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpf;F “''ehd; xU K];ypk;"" vd;gJjhd; gjpyhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 6. xU rpyh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;j “ 'vdJ rKjhak; 73 gphptpduhf gphpth;" (Nkw;gb nra;jp mg+jht+j; vd;Dk; `jP];(nra;jp) Gj;jfj;jpd; 4579tJ nra;jpahf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ) vd;fpw nra;jpia jq;fsJ gphptpid thjj;jpw;F Mjhukhff; fhl;b thjpLth;. Nkw;gb nra;jpia mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; - ,];yhkpa rKjhak; 73 gphpthf gphpAk; vd;W Kd;dwptpg;G nra;jhh;fNsj; jtpu> mth;fs; mwptpj;j Nehf;fk; ,];yhkpa rKjhak; jq;fSf;Fs;NsNa gy gphpTfshf gphpa Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf my;y. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,];yhkpah;fs; gy gphpTfshf gphpe;J tplf;$lhJ vd;W ,];yhkpah;fSf;F fl;lis ,Lfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fl;lisapd;gb - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd;

topKiwg;gb ahh; ,];yhj;jpy; gphptpidfis Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iyNah - mth;fs;jhd; cz;ikahd ,];yhkpa topapy; elg;gth;fs;. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;jhh;fs; - 'vd;Dila ck;kj;jpdh; 73 $l;lj;jpduhf gphpth;. mjpy; xNunahU $l;lj;ijj; jtpu kw;w midj;J gphptpdUk; eufj;Jf;Fr; nry;thh;fs;. Nkw;gb mwptpg;ig Nfl;l mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; md;Gj; Njhoh;fs; Nfl;ldh;> ''nrhh;f;fj;Jf;F nry;Yk; me;j $l;lk; vJ?"" vd;W. mjw;F mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; gjpyspj;jhh;fs;> ''me;j $l;lk; ehDk; vdJ md;Gj; Njhoh;fSk; cs;slq;fpa $l;lk;"" vd;W. (Nkw;gb nra;jp jph;kpjp vd;w nra;jpg; Gj;jfj;jpd; 171tJ nra;jpahf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ).

'my;yh`;Tf;F fl;Lg;gLq;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; J}jUf;Fk; fl;Lg;gLq;fs;" vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gy ,lq;fspy; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; mUs;kiw Fh;MidAk; - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwiaNa gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;Fk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwf;Fk; khw;wkpy;yhj gl;rj;jpy; ve;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisAk; xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;. xU khh;f;f mwpQhpd; fUj;J - mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;Fk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topKiwf;Fk; Kuz;gLkhapd; me;j fUj;Jf;F xU cz;ikahd K];ypk; kjpg;gspf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. Nkw;gb khh;f;f mwpQh; vt;tsT fw;Wj; Njh;e;jtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; rhpNa.

,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid - fw;wwpe;J - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; fhl;bj; je;j topKiwia rhptu gpd;gw;WNthk; vdpy; ,iw ehl;lj;jpy; ekf;fpilNa ,Uf;Fk; ,e;j gphptpid vd;w NtWghL ek;kplkpUe;J kiwAk;. ekf;Fs;Ns gphptpidaw;w rpwe;j xw;WikAk; cUthFk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 14 ,];yhk; kpfr; rpwe;j khh;f;fkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ - K];ypk;fspy; gyh; ek;gpf;if ehzakw;wth;fshfTk; Vkhw;Wgth;fshfTk; yQ;rk; thq;Fgth;fshfTk; Nghijg;nghUs;fspd; njhlh;Gilath;fshfTk; ,Ug;gJ Vd;?.

gjpy;: 1.

Clfq;fs; gug;Gk; mtJ}Wfs;:

,];yhk; Xh; rpwe;j khh;f;fk; vd;gjpy; re;NjfNkapy;iy. Mdhy; cyfpd; ngUk;ghyhd Clfq;fs; ,];yhj;ijf; fz;L gae;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; Nkw;Fyfj;jpd; iffspy; ,Uf;fpwJ. ,e;j Clfq;fs; njhlh;r;rpahf ,];yhj;jpw;F vjpuhd fUj;Jf;fis mr;rpl;Lk;> xyp-xsp gug;gpAk; tUfpd;wd. ,e;j Clfq;fs; ,]yhj;ijg; gw;wpa jtwhd jfty;fis jUtijAk;> ,];yhkpa fUj;Jf;fis jtwhd fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy; ghh;g;gijAk; njhopyhf nfhz;Ls;sd. vg;NghJ> vq;F ntbFz;L ntbj;jhYk; - ve;jtpj MjuKkpd;wp - Kjd; Kjypy; Fw;wk; rhl;lg;gLtJ K];ypk;fs;jhd;. ,e;j Fw;wr; rhl;Lf;fs; Clfq;fspd; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpahf ,Uf;Fk;. gpd;dh; mth;fs; ntspapl;l nra;jp jtW vd;W njhpAk; gl;rj;jpy; - me;j nra;jp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fg;glhj nra;jpahf khwptpLk;. xU Ik;gJ taJ K];ypk; nghpath; 15 taJ ngz;iz - me;j ngz;zpz; rk;kjj;NjhL jpUkzk; nra;J nfhz;lhy; me;j nra;jp Clfq;fspd; jiyg;Gr; nra;jpahf ,Uf;Fk;. mNj rkak; Ik;gJ taJ K];ypk; my;yhj xUth; 6taJ rpWkpAld; ty;YwT nfhz;L tpl;lhy; me;j nra;jp Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspf;fg;glhky; - nra;jpf; Fwpg;Gfs; Nghd;W 38

gpuRhpf;fg;gLk;. mnkhpf;fhtpy; jpdKk; 2>713 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd. me;j nra;jpfs; vJTk; Clfq;fspy; ntspaplg;gLtjpy;iy. Vnddpy; ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; nra;tJ mnkhpf;fh;fspd; tho;f;ifahfptpl;lJ. 2. xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpYk; Fw;wthspfs; cz;L. ,];yhkpah;fspy; rpyh; ek;gpf;if> ehzak; mw;wth;fshfTk;> Vkhw;Wgth;fshfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whh;fs; vd;gij ehd; mwpNtd;. Mdhy; ,e;j Clfq;fs; ,];yhkpah;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd; ,t;thW ,Ug;gjhf nghpJ gLj;jpf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. xt;nthU rKjhaj;jpYk; Fw;wthspfs; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;. ,];yhkpah;fs; rpyh; Fbfhuh;fshf ,Ug;gJ vdf;Fj; njhpAk;. Mdhy; ,];yhk; my;yhjth;fspy; ngUk;ghd;ikNahh; Fbfhuh;fs; vd;gJ vd;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j nra;jp. 3. nkhj;j rKjhaj;jpYk; ,];yhkpah;fNs rpwe;jth;fs;: ,];yhkpa rKjhaj;jpy; xU rpy Fw;wthspfs; ,Ue;jhYk; - cyfpy; cs;s nkhj;j rKjhaj;Jld; ,];yhkpah;fis xg;gpLk;NghJ - ,];yhkpah;fs;jhd; rpwe;jth;fs; vd;gjpy; re;NjfNkapy;iy. nkhj;j rKjhaj;jpYk; ,];yhkpah;fs; jhd; rpwe;jth;fs;. ,];yhkpah;fs; kJ mUe;Jtij Mjhpg;gjpy;iy. ,];yhkpah;fs;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpfkhf jh;kk; toq;Fgth;fs;. ed;dlj;ij> gz;ghL> kdpj khz;Gfisg; nghWj;jtiu ,];yhkpahh;fNshL NtW vtiuAk; xg;gplKbahj msTf;F ,];yhkpah;fs; rpwe;jth;fs; vd;gJ midtUk; mwpe;j xd;W. 4.

thfdk; Xl;Lgtiu itj;J thfdj;ij gw;wpa fzpg;Gf;F tu Ntz;lhk;.

xU Gjpa khly; “nkh;]pb]; fhh; rpwe;jjh ,y;iyah vd;gJ gw;wp mwpa Ntz;Lnkdpy; me;j fhiu Xl;Lgtiu itj;J xU KbTf;F tu KbahJ. fhiu Xl;Lgth; jpwik rhypahf ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gjhy; “nkh;]pb]; fhh; rpwe;jJ ,y;iy vd;w KbTf;F tu KbahJ. xU fhh; rpwe;jjh ,y;iyah vd;W mwpa Ntz;Lnkdpy; fhiu Nkhrkhf Xl;Lgtiu itj;J - fhh; rpwe;jJ ,y;iy vd;w KbTf;F tuf; $lhJ. khwhf me;j fhUila jpwik vd;d? me;j fhUila kw;WKs;s gad;fs; vd;d? me;j fhh; vd;d Ntfj;jpy; nry;Yk; - me;j fhUila vhpnghUs; Efh;T vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk; - me;j fhUila ghJfhg;Gj; jd;ik vd;d? vd;gijnay;yhk; itj;Jjhd; Nkw;gb fhh; rpwe;jjh? ,y;iyah vd;w KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lk;. xU thjj;jpw;fhf ,];yhkpah;fs; ey;yth;fs; my;y vd;W itj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk;> ,];yhj;ijg; gpd;gw;Wgth;fis itj;J - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; gw;wpa xU KbTf;F tUjy; $lhJ. ,];yhk; ve;j msTf;F rpwe;j khh;f;fk; vd;w xU KbTf;F tuNtz;Lnkdpy; - ,];yhj;jpd; cz;ikahd - njspthd Mjhuq;fshd mUs;kiw Fh;MidAk; - mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; tho;f;if topKiwfisAk; itj;Nj xU KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lk;. 5. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp xU KbTf;F tu> ,];yhkpa flikfis rhptu gpd;gw;wpath;fis ghUq;fs;. ,];yhj;ij rhptu gpd;gw;wpath;fspy; Kjd;ikahdth; my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;: xU thfdj;ijg; gw;wpa KbTf;F tu Ntz;Lnkdpy; - me;j thfdj;ij ,af;ff; $ba xU rpwe;j thfd Xl;bia itj;J - thfdj;ij ,af;fpdhy;jhd; thfdj;ij gw;wpa xU KbTf;F tu KbAk;. mJNghyNt - ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wpa xU KbTf;F tu - ,];yhj;ij rhpahd Kiwapy; gpd;gw;Wtjw;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lha; tpsq;ff;$ba - my;yh`;tpd; ,Wjpj; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; tho;f;if topKiwfisg; ghh;f;f Ntz;Lk; ,];yhkpah;fs; my;yhj - Vuhskhd tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fs; - my;yh`;tpd;J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; Xh; rpwe;j khkdpjh; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shh;fs;. ikf;Nfy; vr;. `hh;l; vOjpa “'jp `d;l;ul; Nkh];l; ,d;/GSad;rpay; nkd; ,d; `p];lhp" (The Hundred Most Influential Men in History” vd;w Gj;jfj;jpy; - kdpj kdq;fis fth;e;j E}W kdpjh;fspy; 39

Kjyplk; tfpg;gJ my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs;. ,t;thW mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F rpwe;j khpahij toq;fpa tuyhw;W Mrphpah;fspy; jhk]; fhh;ypy; (Thomas Carlyle) yh-khh;bd; (La – Martin) MfpNahUk; mlq;Fth;. Nfs;tp vz;: 15 'fh/gPh;" vd;W mioj;J khw;W kjj;jth;fis> K];ypk;fs; mtkjpg;gJ Vd;?. gjpy;: 'fh/gPh;" vd;why; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth; vd;W nghUs;: 'fh/gPh;" vd;fpw muG thh;j;ij “'F/g;h;" vd;fpw muG %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. 'F/g;h;" vd;fpw muG thh;j;ijf;F epuhfhpj;jy; my;yJ cz;ikia kiwj;jy; vd;W nghUs;. ,];yhkpa fiyr;nrhy; fsQ;rpaj;jpd;gb Nkw;gb thh;j;ijf;F ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth; my;yJ ,];yhk; gw;wpa cz;ikfis kiwg;gth; vd;W nghUs; cz;L. mjid jkpo; nkhopapy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. khw;W kjj;jth;fNs! - “'fh/gPh;" vd;w nrhy; cq;fis Gz;gLj;Jtjhf fUjpdhy;> ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. khw;W kjj;jth;fNs! “'fh/gPh;" vd;w ePq;fs; miof;fg;gLtJ cq;fis Gz;gLj;Jtjhf fUjpdhy; ,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. cq;fis vtUk; “'fh/gPh;" (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;shjth;) vd;W miof;f khl;lhh;fs;. Nfs;tp vz;: 16 ngz;fs; vdpy; ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; Ntz;Lk; - mNj rkak; Mz;fs; vdpy; xU rhl;rp khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd rhl;rp nrhy;tjpy; $l ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fSf;F rk chpik ,y;yhj epiy cs;sNj. Vd;? gjpy;: ,];yhj;jpy; vy;yh NtisfspYk; ngz;fs; vdpy; ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; Ntz;Lk; - mNj rkak; Mz;fs; vdpy; xU rhl;rp khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd;gJ cz;ikahdJ my;y. xU rpy Ntisfspy; khj;jpuk; ngz;fs; vdpy; ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; Ntz;Lk; - mNj rkak; Mz;fs; vdpy; xU rhl;rp khj;jpuk; NghJk; vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;J trdq;fs; rhl;rpfs; gw;wpa tpsf;fkspf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; rhl;rpfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk;nghOJ -Mz; my;yJ ngz; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;yhky;> nghJthf rhl;rpfs; vd;W kl;Lk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Nkw;gb Ie;J trdq;fspy; cs;s xNunahU trdk; khj;jpuk; rhl;rpfspy; Mz; vd;why; xUth; vd;Wk; ngz; vd;why; ,Uth; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;L fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 282tJ trdk; Nkw;gb rhl;rpfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; kpf ePz;l ,e;j trdk; nghUshjhu eltbf;iffs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

'jtpu> (ePq;fs; rhl;rpahf Vw;ff; $ba) cq;fs; Mz;fspy; ,Utiu rhl;rpfshf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mz;fspy; ,Uth; fpilf;fhtpl;lhy;> rhl;rpfspy; ePq;fs; nghUe;jf; $bath;fspypUe;J Mlth; xUtiuAk;> ngz;fs; ,UtiuAk; rhl;rpfshf vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. (ngz;fs; ,Uth; Vndd;why;) mt;tpUthpy; xUj;jp jtwpdhy;> ,Uthpy; kw;wts; epidt+l;Lk; nghUl;NlahFk;." (my;-Fh;Md; - 2:184) 40

Nkw;gb trdk; nghUshjhu nfhLf;fy;> thq;fy; gw;wp mwptpf;fpwJ. nghUshjhu nfhLf;fy; thq;fypd; NghJ xg;ge;jk; ,lr; nrhy;fpwJ. mt;thW xg;ge;jk; ,Lk;NghJ nfhLg;gtUf;Fk; - thq;FgtUf;Fk; ,ilapy; ,uz;L egh;fis rhl;rpahf;fpf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd; fl;lisapLfpwJ. ,uz;L rhl;rpfSk; Mz;fshf ,Ue;jhy; ed;W vd;W ghpe;Jiuf;fpwJ. ,uz;L Mz;fs; rhl;rpahf fpilf;ftpy;iynadpy;> xU Mz; rhl;rpiaAk; ,uz;L ngz; rhl;rpfisAk; nfhz;L xg;ge;jk; ,Lq;fs; vd;W Nkw;gb trdk; kdpjh;fSf;F mwpTWj;JfpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F - xU kdpjh; jdJ Neha;f;F xU mWit rpfpr;ir nra;J tpUk;fpwhh; vdpy; - Nkw;gb mWit rpfpr;ir gw;wp cug;gpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf mth; mWit rpfpr;ir epGzh;fis fye;J MNyhrpf;fyhk;.. my;yJ mtUf;F ,uz;L rpfpr;ir epGzh;fs; fpilf;ftpy;iynadpy;> xU mWit rpfpr;ir epGziuAk;> rhjhuz kUj;Jth;fis fye;J MNyhrpg;gjpy; mth; jpUg;jp milayhk;.

nfhs;s ,uz;L mWit ,uz;L

mJ NghyNt nghUshjhu nfhLf;fy;> thq;fypd; NghJ ,];yhk; ,uz;L Mz;fis rhl;rpfshf;fpf; nfhs;sr; nrhy;fpwJ. Vnddpy; Mz;fs; FLk;gj;jpw;fhf rk;ghjpf;Fk; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf; nfhz;lth;fs;. nghUshjhu hPjpahf xg;gpLk;NghJ ngz;fistpl> Mz;fs; nghUshjhu hPjpahf mjpfk; nghWg;Gilath;fs;. nghUshjhu hPjpahf Mz;fs; mjpfk; nghWg;Gilath;fs; vd;gjhYk;> ngz;fs; kpff; Fiwthd nghWg;Gilath;fs; vd;gjhYk; Mz;fs; vd;Dk; gl;rj;jpy; xUtUk;> ngz;fs; vd;Dk; gl;rj;jpy; ,uz;L NgUk; rhl;rpakhtJ mtrpak; vd;W ,];yhk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. ,uz;L ngz;fs; Vnddpy; ngz;fspy; xUth; jtwpioj;J tpl;lhy;> kw;wth; mjid rhpnra;ayhk; vd;w fhuzj;jhy;jhd; ,uz;L ngz;fs; rhl;rpfshf Njitg;gLfpd;wdh;. Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;ls;s “'j\py;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'Fog;gk;" my;yJ “'jtW" vd;W nghUs;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb “'j\py;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'kwjp" vd;W jtwhd nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;sdh; gyh;. Nkw;gb xU MZk; ,uz;L ngz;Zk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ nghUshjhu nfhLf;fy; - thq;fy; rk;ge;jg;gl;ljw;F khj;jpuNkj; jtpu> kw;w tp\aq;fspy; my;y. jtpu> rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; nfhiy rk;ge;jg;gl;l tptfhuq;fspYk; Nkw;gb Mz; vd;why; xUtUk; ngz; vd;why; ,UtUk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; typAWj;Jfpd;wdh;. Vnddpy; - gak; vd;W tUk;NghJ> Mz;fis tpl ngz;fs; mjpfk; gag;gLk; jd;ik nfhz;lth;fs;. ngz;fs; mjpfkhf gag;gLk; fhuzj;jhy; rhl;rp nrhy;Yk;NghJ> Fog;gkila Nehplyhk;. vdNt nfhiy rk;ge;jg;gl;l tptfhuq;fspYk; Mz; vdpy; xUtUk;> ngz; vdpy; ,uz;L NgUk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lnkd rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; typAWj;jp cs;sdh;. Nkw;gb tptfhuq;fs; jtpu - vQ;rpAs;s midj;J tptfhuq;fspYk; rhl;rp nrhy;tjpy; Mz; - ngz; ,UtUf;Fk; rkkhd epiyiaj;jhd; ,];yhk; toq;FfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;J trdq;fs; rhl;rpfs; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. Nkw;gb Ie;J trdKk; Mz; - ngz; vd;W tpj;jpahrk; Fwpg;gplhky; - rhl;rpfs; vd;W khj;jpuk;jhd; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. nrhj;Jf;fhd capy; vOJk;NghJ - ,uz;L egh;fis rhl;rpahf itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs; vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 106tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

'ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fNs!. cq;fspy; ahUf;NfDk; kuzk; rkPgpj;J (mth; kuz rh]zk; $w tpUk;gpdhy;) mr;rkaj;jpy; cq;fSf;Fs; ek;gpf;iff;Fhpa ,uz;L rhl;rpfs; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;: my;yJ cq;fspy; vtUk; g+kpapy; gpuahzk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ kuzk; rkPgpj;jhy; (mg;NghJ K];ypk;fshf ,U rhl;rpfs; fpilf;fhtpbd;) cq;fisay;yhj NtwpUth; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;fl;Lk;." (my;-Fh;Md; 5:106) 41

'tpthfuj;J nra;a tpUk;gpdhy; cq;fspy; ,uz;L Ngh; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;fl;Lk;" vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mWgj;J Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jyhf;fpd; ,uz;lhtJ trdk; $Wfpd;wJ. (my;-Fh;Md; 65:2)

'vth;fs; fw;Gs;s ngz;fs; kPJ mtJ}W $wp (mij ep&gpf;f) ehd;F rhl;rpfis nfhz;L tutpy;iyNah> mth;fis eP;q;fs; vz;gJ firab mbAq;fs;" vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,Ugj;J ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; E}hpd; ehd;fhtJ trdk; $Wfpd;wJ.

jtpu> rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; vy;yh tptfhuq;fspYk; rhl;rp nrhy;y Mz; vd;why; xUtUk; ngz; vd;why; ,UtUk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; thjhLfpwhh;fs;. Nkw;gb thjk; rhpahdjd;W. Vnddpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,Ugj;J ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; E}hpd; MwhtJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'vth;fs; jk; kidtpkhh;fis mtJ}W $wp (mij ep&gpf;fj;) jq;fisad;wp mth;fsplk; NtW rhl;rpfs; ,y;yhkypUe;jhy;> mtd; epr;rakhf cz;ikNa $Wtjhf my;yh`;tpd; ehd;F Kiw rj;jpak; nra;J $w Ntz;Lk;." (my;Fh;Md; 24:6).

Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; vy;yh ,lq;fspYk; rhl;rpfs; vd;W Fwpg;gplg; gl;bUf;fpwNjj; jtpu> Mz; vd;why; xUtUk; ngz; vd;why; ,uz;L NgUk; vd;W Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. Nkw;gb trdj;jpypUe;J ngz;fisAk; jdp egh; rhl;rpahf Vw;fyhk; vd;gJ ekf;Fj; njspthtJld;> vy;yh tptfhuq;fspYk; rhl;rp nrhy;y Mz; vd;why; xUtUk; ngz; vd;why; ,UtUk; rhl;rpahf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Nghhpd; thjKk; mbgl;L Ngha;tpLfpd;wJ. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; md;G kidtp Map\h (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;Fk; nra;jp: ,];yhj;jpd; J}z;fspy; xd;whd Nehd;gpid Nehw;gjw;fhf gpiw ghh;j;jy; rk;ge;jkhf xU ngz;kzpapd; rhl;rp NghJkhdJ vd;gij midj;J khh;f;f mwpQh;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; Nehd;gpid Nehw;gjw;fhf gpiw ghh;f;Fk;NghJ xU rhl;rpAk;> Nehd;G Nehw;W Kbe;J> ngUehs; nfhz;lhLtjw;fhf gpiw ghh;f;Fk;NghJ ,uz;L rhl;rpAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd typAWj;J fpd;whh;fs;. Nkw;gb nra;jpapYk; rhl;rp gw;wpf; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sNjj; jtpu> Mz; rhl;rp my;yJ ngz; rhl;rp vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Lr; nrhy;ytpy;iy. NkYk; rpy tpthfuq;fspy; ngz;fspd; rhl;rpak; khj;jpuNk Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F ngz;fs; rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;idfshd - ,we;J Nghd ngz; ikaq;fis Fspg;ghl;LtJ - Nghd;w tpufhuq;fspy; ngz;fspd; rhl;rpak; khj;jpuNk Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gLk;. Nkw;gb tptfhuq;fspy; Mz;fspd; rhl;rpak; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg; glkhl;lhJ. Nfs;tp Nfl;lth; nrhd;dJ Nghd;W nghUshjhu tptfhuq;fspy; khj;jpuk; Mz; vd;why; xUtUk; ngz; vd;why; ,uz;L NgUk; rhl;rpfshf Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,];yhk; epge;jid itj;Js;sJ. Nkw;gb epge;jid Vnddpy; ,];yhkpa rKjhaj;jpy; ngz;fSf;Fk; - Mz;fSf;Fk; nghUshjhu hPjpahf ,];yhk; toq;fpAs;s nghWg;Gf;fspd; fhuzkhfj;jhNdj; jtpu> Mz; - ngz; vd;fpw ,d NtWghL fhuzk; my;y. kw;wgb midj;J tptfhuq;fspYk; rhl;rpakspg;gjpy; Mz;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fSf;Fk; rkkhd chpikiaj;jhd; ,];yhk; toq;FfpwJ.

Nfs;tp vz; 17. MZf;F xU ghfk; vdpy; ngz;Zf;F ghjp ghfk;jhd; nrhj;Jhpik rl;lj;jpy; cs;sNj. ,J Vd;?

vd;w ghugl;rkhd epiy ,];yhkpa

gjpy;: mUs;kiw Fh;Md; - thhpRfSf;F - Kiwahf nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp rhpahd tpsf;fkspf;fpwJ. nrhj;Jf;fs; gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 180tJ trdj;jpYk;> mNj mj;jpahaj;jpd; 240tJ trdj;jpYk;> ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp]htpd; 7Kjy; 9tJ tiuAs;s trdq;fspYk;> mNj mj;jpahaj;jpd; 19tJ trdj;jpYk;> 33tJ trdj;jpYk;> Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 106 Kjy; 108tJ trdq;fspYk; my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; dp]htpd; 11 kw;Wk; 12 tJ trdKk; 176 tJ trdk; Mfpa %d;W trdq;fSk; neUq;fpa cwtpdh;fSf;fpilNa nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpLtJ gw;wp kpfj; njspthd tpsf;fkspf;fpwJ.

'cq;fs; kf;fspy; Xh; MZf;F ,uz;L ngz;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; gq;FNghd;wJ fpilf;Fk; vd;W my;yh`; cq;fSf;F cgNjrpf;fpd;whd;. ngz;fs; kl;Lk; ,Ue;J> mth;fs; ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;bUe;jhy; mth;fSf;F ,we;J Nghdth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L ghfk; fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; xNu ngz;zhf ,Ue;jhy; mts; gq;F ghjpahFk;." (my;Fh;Md; 4 : 11)

,we;jtUf;Ff; Foe;ij ,Uf;Fkhdhy; ,we;jth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; Mwpy; xU ghfk; (mtuJ) ngw;Nwhh; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;L. Mdhy; ,we;jtUf;Ff; Foe;ij ,y;yhjpUe;J> ngw;Nwhh; khj;jpuNk thhprhf ,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F %d;wpy; xU ghfk;. (kPjp je;ijf;F chpajhFk;): ,we;jtUf;F rNfhjuh;fs; ,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F Mwpy; xU ghfk;jhd;. (kPjp je;ijf;Fr; NrUk;). ,t;thW gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ mth; nra;Js;s kuz rh]dj;ijAk;> flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh;jhd;> cq;fs; ngw;Nwhh;fSk;> Foe;ijfSk; - ,th;fspy; ahh; ed;ik gag;gjpy; cq;fSf;F neUf;fkhf ,Ug;gth;fs; vd;W ePq;fs; mwpa khl;Bh;fs;: Mifapdhy; (,e;j ghfg; gphptpid) my;yh`;tplkpUe;J te;j fl;lisahFk;: epr;rakhf my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;) ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk; kpf;f QhdKilatdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (my;-Fh;Md; 4 : 11) ,d;Dk; cq;fs; kidtpah; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; - mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,y;yhjpUe;jhy; cq;fSf;Fg; ghjp ghfk; cz;L. mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,Ue;jhy; mth;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpypUe;J cq;fSf;Ff; fhy; ghfk;jhd;. (,JTk;) mth;fs; nra;jpUf;fpw kuz rh]zj;ijAk;> flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh;jhd;. jtpu> cq;fSf;Fg; gps;isapy;yhjpUg;gpd;> ePq;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpypUe;J mth;fSf;Ff; fhy; ghfk;jhd;. cq;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,Ue;jhy;> mg;NghJ mth;fSf;F ePq;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; vl;by; xU ghfk;jhd;. (,JTk;) ePq;fs; nra;jpUf;Fk; kuz rh]zj;ijAk;> flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dNujhd;. je;ij> ghl;ld; Nghd;w Kd; thhpRfNsh my;yJ gps;is> Ngud; Nghd;w gpd; thhpRfNsh ,y;yhj xU MNzh> my;yJ xU ngz;Nzh> ,th;fSf;F xU rNfhjuNdh my;yJ xU rNfhjhpNah ,Ue;jhy;> 43

mth;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Mwpy; xU ghfk; cz;L. Mdhy; mjw;F mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mth;fs; %d;wpy; xU ghfj;jpy; rkkhfg; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. (,JTk;) mth;fspd; kuz rh]zj;ijAk;> flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh;jhd;. Mdhy; (kuz rh]zj;ijf; nfhz;L thhpRfs;) vtUf;Fk; e\;lk; Vw;glf; $lhJ: (,J) my;yh`;tpdhy; tpjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,d;Dk; my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;) ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk;> kpf;f nghWikAilNahDkhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;. (my;-Fh;Md; 4:12) '(egpNa!) fyhyh (jfg;gd;> jha;> ghl;ld;> gps;is> Ngud; Mfpa thhpRfs; ,y;yhj nrhj;J) gw;wpa khh;f;ff; fl;lisia mth;fs; ck;kplk; Nfl;fpwhh;fs;. ePh; $Wk;: my;yh`; cq;fSf;F (,t;thW) fl;lisapLfpwhd;;: xU kdpjd; ,we;J tpl;lhy;> mtDf;F kf;fs; ,y;yhkypUe;J xU rNfhjhp kl;Lk; ,Ue;jhy;> mtSf;F mtd; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpypUe;J rhp ghjp gq;F cz;L. ahUk; ,y;yhjpUe;jhy;> (mtSila rNfhjudhfpa) mtd;> mts; nrhj;J KOikf;Fk; thhpR Mthd;. ,U rNfhjhpfs; ,Ue;jhy;> mtd; tpl;Lr; nrd;w nrhj;jpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L ghfj;ij milthh;fs;. mtSf;F cld; gpwe;jth;fs; Mz;fSk;> ngz;fSkhf ,Ue;jhy;> ,uz;L ngz;fSf;Fhpa ghfk; Xh; MZf;F cz;L. eP;q;fs; top jtwhky; ,Ug;gjw;fhfNt my;yh`; cq;fSf;F (,t;tpjpfis) tpsf;fp itf;fpwhd;. my;yh`; ahtw;iwAk; ed;F mwpe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (my;-Fh;md; 4 : 176). rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; khj;jpuk; ngz; thhpRfSf;F> Mz; thhpRfs; ngWk; gq;iftpl ghjp ghfk; mth;fspd; (ngz;thhpRfspd;) gq;fhf fpilf;fpwJ. ,we;J Nghdth; - jdf;F thhpRfs; vJTkpd;wp - jdJ kidtpapd; Ke;ija fztUf;Fg; gpwe;j ,uz;L thhpRfs; (mjhtJ xU kfDk; - kfSk;) ,Ue;jhy; -me;j kfDf;Fk;> kfSf;Fk; - ,we;J Nghdth; tpl;Lr; nrd;w nrhj;jpy; Mwpy; xU ghfNk - mth;fsJ gq;fhf fpilf;Fk;. Nkw;gb egUf;F thhpRfs; ,Ue;jhy; - ,we;J Nghdthpd; nrhj;jpy; Mwpy; xU ghfk; mtuJ ngw;NwhUf;Fk; - fpilf;Fk;. rpy rkaq;fspy; ngz; thhpRfs;> Mz; thhpRfistpl ,uz;L klq;F nrhj;Jf;fis jq;fsJ gq;fhf ngWtJk; cz;L. ,we;J Nghdth; xU jpUkzkhfpa ngz;zhf ,Ue;J - mtUf;F Foe;ijfNsh my;yJ rNfhju - rNfhjhpfNsh ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; mtuJ fztUf;Fk; - ,we;J Nghd ngz;Zila ngw;NwhUf;Fk; fpilf;Fk; gq;F vd;dntdpy; - fztUf;F ghhjp gq;Fk;> ,we;J Nghd ngz;Zila - jhahUf;F(capNuhL ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;) %d;wpy; xU gq;Fk; - je;ijf;F Mwpy; xU gq;Fk; fpilf;Fk;. ,J Nghd;w Ntisapy; ngz;Zf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd; gq;F - MZf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd; gq;iftpl ,U klq;F mjpfkhFk;. MapDk; ngz;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd; gq;if tpl - Mz;fSf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd; gq;F mjpfk; vd;gJ cz;ik. fPo;f;fhZk; cjhuzq;fis mjw;F vLj;Jf; fhl;lhf nfhs;syhk;: 1. kfSf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;jpd; gq;F - kfDf;F fpilf;Fk; nrhj;ij tpl ghjp ghfk;. 2. ,we;J NghdtUf;F Foe;ijfs; ,y;iy vd;Dk; gl;rj;jpy; - ,we;j Nghdthpd; jhahUf;F vl;by; xU gFjpAk; - ,we;J Nghdthpd; je;ijahUf;F ehd;fpy; xU gFjpAk; nrhj;jpy; gq;fhf fpilf;Fk;. 3. ,we;J NghdtUf;F Foe;ijfs; ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy; - ,we;j Nghdthpd; jhahUf;F ehd;fpy; xU gFjpAk; - ,we;J Nghdthpd; je;ijahUf;F ,uz;by; xU gFjpAk; nrhj;jpy; gq;fhf fpilf;Fk;. 44

4. ,we;J NghdtUf;F Kd; thhpR my;yJ gpd; thhpR ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; - mtuJ rNfhjuUf;F fpilf;Fk; gq;iftpl ghjp ghfNk mtuJ rNfhjhpf;F fpilf;Fk;. ,];yhj;jpy; ngz;fs; kPJ nghUshjhur; RikNah my;yJ FLk;gj;ijf; ftdpf;Fk; nghWg;Ngh Rkj;jg;gltpy;iy. xU ngz; jpUkzk; Kbf;fg;gLk; tiu mtsJ Njitfs; midj;ijAk; epiwNtw;Wk; nghWg;G mtsJ je;ij my;yJ mtsJ rNfhjudpd; filkahFk;. mtsJ jpUkzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF> mtsJ Njitfs; midj;ijAk; epiwNtw;Wk; nghWg;G mtsJ fztd; my;yJ mtsJ kfdpd; filikahFk;. ,];yhj;jpy; FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu Njitfs; midj;ijAk; epiwNtw;Wk; nghWg;G Mz;fs; kPJ flikahf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. Nkw;gb FLk;gj;jpd; nghUshjhu Njitia epiwNtw;Wk; nghUl;Nl ,];yhkpa Mz;fSf;F> ngz;fistpl nrhj;jpy; mjpf gq;F mspf;fg;gLfpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F ,uz;L thhpRfis cila xU kdpjh; (xU kfd;> xU kfs;) ,we;Jtpl;lhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,we;J Nghd kdpjUf;F &gha; 150>000 kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fs; ,Ue;jhy; - ,we;J NghdtUila kfDf;F &gha; xU yl;rk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fSk;> kfSf;F &gha; Ik;gjhapuk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fSk; mth;fsJ gq;fhf fpilf;Fk;. xU yl;rk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jdJ gq;fhf fpilf;fg;ngw;w kfDf;F FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s vy;yh nrytpdq;fspd; kPJk; nghWg;G cz;L. mtUf;Ff; fpilf;fg;ngw;w xU yl;rk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fs; KOtijANkh my;yJ me;j nrhj;Jf;fspy; ngUk; gq;ifNah (&gha; vd;gJ Mapuk; kjpg;gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis) - mth; FLk;gj;jpw;fhf nryT nra;Jtpl;L - vQ;rpAs;s ,Ugjpdhapuk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis khj;jpuk; mth; jdJ gq;fhf vLj;Jf; nfhs;s KbAk;. Mdhy; Ik;gjpdhapuk; &gha; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jdJ gq;fhf ngw;w kfs; - mjpypUe;J xU igrh $l vtUf;Fk; nryT nra;ahJ (Vnddpy; ,];yhk; ngz;fs; kPJ FLk;gj;jpd; ve;j nghUshjhu RikiaAk; Rkj;jhj fhuzj;jhy;) KO kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;ijAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;f KbAk;. ,];yhkpa nrhj;Jhpikahy; gad; ngWtJ ahh; vd;W ,g;NghJ nrhy;Yq;fs;. xU yl;rk; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jdJ gq;fhf ngw;W> mjpy; vd;gjhapuk; &ghiar; nryT nra;J tpl;L kPjp ,Ugjpdhapuk; &gha; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;Fk; - xU ,];yhkpa Mz;thhprh? my;yJ Ik;gjpdhapuk; &gha; kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;Jf;fis jdJ gq;fhf ngw;Wf; nfhz;L> mjpypUe;J xU igrh $l nryT nra;ahJ KO kjpg;Gs;s nrhj;ijAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,];yhkpa ngz;thhprh?. Nfs;tp vz; 18. kWik tho;f;if (mjhtJ kdpjd; ,we;j gpd;G xU tho;f;if cz;L) vd;gij vg;gb ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?. gjpy;: 1. kWik (,wg;Gf;F gpd; cs;s tho;f;if) ek;gpf;if fz;%bj;jdj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ my;y. mwptpay; mwpTk; - jh;f;fhPjpahd czh;Tk; nfhz;l ,e;j fhyj;jpy; vg;gb ,wg;Gf;F gpd;Gk; xU tho;T cz;L vd;gij ek;GtJ vd Vuhskhd Ngh; tpag;gilfpwhh;fs;. kdpjd; ,we;j gpwFk; xU tho;f;if cz;L vd;W ek;GtJ fz;%bj;jdkhdJ vd;W VuhskhdNgh; vz;zpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. vd;Dila kWik ek;gpf;if jh;f;f hPjpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.

2. kWik ek;gpf;if

jh;f;f hPjpahd ek;gpf;ifahFk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Mapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l trdq;fs; mwptpay; cz;ikfisg; gw;wp nrhy;Yfpd;wd. (,J gw;wpa KO tpguk; mwpa lhf;lh;. [h`ph; ehaf; Mq;fpyj;jpy; vOjp ntspahfpAs;s“''Quran and Modern Science Compatible Or Incompatilble” vd;w Gj;jfj;ij gbAq;fs;. Fh;Md; nrhy;Yk; mwptpay; cz;ikfspy; gy rhpahdJjhd; vd;W fle;j rpy E}w;whz;Lfspy;jhd; fz;lwpag;gl;Ls;sJ. MapDk; Fh;Md; $Wk; mwptpay; cz;ikfs; midj;Jk; rhpahdJjhd; vd;W fz;lwpag;gLk; mstpw;F> mwptpay; ,d;Dk; tsh;r;rpailatpy;iy. cjhuzj;jpw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l mwptpay; cz;ikfspy; 80 rjtPjk; cz;ikfs; 100 rjtPjk; rhpahdJjhd; vd;W fz;lwpag; gl;Ls;sjhf itj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;> vQ;rpapUg;gJ 20 rjtPj cz;ikfs;jhd;. mwptpaypy; xU Fwpg;gpl;l cz;ikia gw;wpa tpguk; cldbahf fz;lwpag; gLtjpy;iy. Vnddpy; xU cz;ikia cldbahf mJ cz;ik vd;W xg;Gf; nfhs;Sk; mstpw;Nfh my;yJ cldbahf mJ ngha; vd;W xJf;fpj; js;Sk; mstpw;Nfh mwptpay; ,d;Dk; tsh;r;rpailatpy;iy. ,t;thW kdpj Fyk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l msT mwpitf; nfhz;L - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l cz;ikfspy; ,Jtiu mwptpay; hPjpahf rhp fhzg;glhj 20 rjtPj trdq;fspy; - xU rjtPj trdk; $l rhpahdJ my;y vd;gij jpl;ltl;lkhf tiuaWj;Jf; $w KbahJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l cz;ikfspy; vd;gJ rjtPjk; cz;ikfSk; Kw;wpYk;> mjhtJ 100 rjtPjk; rhpahdJjhd; vd;W mwptpay; hPjpahf ep&gpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,Jtiu mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l cz;ikfspy; - vQ;rpAs;s 20 rjtPj cz;ikfSk; rhpahdJ my;y vd;W mwptpay; hPjpahf ,d;Wtiu ep&gpf;fg;gltpy;iy. vdNt jh;f;fhPjp tpjpapd;gb Fh;Md; $Wk; mwptpay; cz;ikfspy; vQ;rpAs;s 20 rjtPj cz;ikfSk; - rhpahdjhfNt ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. kWik tho;f;ifg; gw;wp mUs;kiw nrhy;Yk; trdq;fs; ahTk; mwptpay; hPjpapy; ep&gpf;fg;glhj 20 rjtPj cz;ikfSf;Fs; mlq;fpAs;sJ. vdNt gFj;jwpT hPjpahf kWik tho;f;if gw;wpa vq;fsJ ek;gpf;if rhpahdNj. 3.

kWik tho;f;if gw;wpa ek;gpf;if ,y;yhky;> kdpj eyk; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;bUg;gJ Njitapy;yhj xd;W.

kdpj mikjp Nghd;w

rKjhaj;ijf; nfhs;isabg;gJ ey;yjh? nfl;ljh? vd;W Nfl;lhy; rhjhuz epiyapy; cs;s xU kdpjd; rKjhaj;ijf; nfhs;isabg;gJ nfl;lJ vd;Nw gjpyspg;ghd;. rKjhaj;jpy; nry;thf;F kpf;f> gyk; kpFe;j xU rKjha nfhs;isf;fhuDf;F rKjhaj;ijf; nfhs;isabg;gJ jtwhdJ vd;W xU rhjhuz epiyapy; cs;s kdpjd; vt;thW czh;j;j KbAk;? cjhuzj;jpw;F ehd; rKjhaj;jpy; nry;thf;F kpFe;j - gyrhypahd xU nfhs;isf; fhud; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mNj rkak; ehd; kpFe;j mwpTila xU jh;f;fthjpAk; $l. nfhs;is mbg;gJ rhpahdJjhd; vd;W ehd; nrhy;fpNwd;. Vnddpy; nfhs;isabg;gjhy; rKjhaj;jpy; xU rpwe;j Mlk;gukhd tho;f;ifia mDgtpf;fyhk;. vdNt nfhs;isabg;gJ vdf;F ey;yJ vd;W ehd; nrhy;fpNwd;. nfhs;isabg;gJ rhpahdJ my;y vd;W ahuhtJ vd;dplk; jh;f;f hPjpahf thjpl KaYthh;fs; vdpy; mth;fspd; thjj;ij vd;dhy; cldbahf Kwpabf;f KbAk;. nfhs;isabg;gJ rhpahdJ my;y vd;W vd;dplk; thjpl Kw;gl;lth;fs; itj;j thjq;fs; gpd;tUkhW.

A. jpULgtd; f\;lq;fis mDgtpg;ghd;.: ahh; jpULfpwhNdh> mtd; f\;lq;fis mDgtpg;ghd; vd;W rpyh; thjpLthh;fs;. jpUl;Lf; nfhLj;jth; Ntz;Lnkdpy; f\;lq;fis mDgtpg;ghh;fNsj; jtpu> jpUbath; fz;bg;ghf f\;lq;fis mDgtpg;gjpy;iy. jpUbatd; ey;yijNa mDgtpg;ghd;. Mapuk; lhyh;fis jpUba xUtd;> xU Ie;J el;rj;jpu N`hl;lypy; Mlk;gu czT cz;zyhk;. B.

eP jpUbdhy;> cd;dplk; NtW vtuhtJ jpULthh;fs;.

eP ahhplkhtJ jpUbdhy;> cd;dplkpUe;J NtW vtuhtJ jpULthh;fs; vd;W rpyh; thjpLthh;fs;. vd;dplkpUe;J vtUk; jpUl Kbahj msTf;F ehd; xU gyk; gilj;j jpUld;. jtpu vd;idg; ghJfhf;fntd;W gy mbahl;fis ehd; itj;jpUf;fpNwd;. ehd; NtW vthplkpUe;Jk; jpUl KbANkj; jtpu> vd;dplkpUe;J vtUk; jpUl Kbahj msTf;F ehd; xU gyk; nghUe;jpa jpUld;. jpULtJ xU rhjhuz kdpjDf;F Ntz;Lnkdpy; f\;lkhd Ntiyahf ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; vd; Nghd;w gilgyk;> gzgyk; cs;s xUtDf;F jpULtJ vspjhdJ. C.

jpUbdhy; fhty; Jiw ifJ nra;Ak;.

jpUbdhy; fhty; Jiw ifJ nra;Ak; vd;W rpyh; thjplyhk;. ehd; jpUbdhYk; fhty; Jiw vd;id ifJ nra;a Kbahj msTf;F ehd; fhty; Jiwapdiu tpiyf;F thq;fpapUf;fpNwd;. ke;jphpfis $l ehd; tpiyf;F thq;ff; $ba mstpw;F vdf;F gzgyk; cz;L. xU rhjhuz kdpjd; jpUbdhy; mtid fhty; Jiw ifJ nra;Ak; vd;gij ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. Mdhy; ehNdh fhty; Jiw $l ifJ nra;a Kbahj mstpw;F gilgyKk;> gzgyKk; cs;std;. vdNt ehd; jpUbdhy; vd;id fhty; Jiw ifJ nra;ahj mstpw;F ehd; xU gyk; nghUe;jpa Fw;wthsp. D. jpULtjd; %yk; vspjhf gzk; rk;ghjpf;fyhk;. jpULtjd; %yk; vspjhf gzk; fpilf;fpwJ. gzk; fpilf;f mjpfkhf f\;lg;gl Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy vd;W rpyh; thjplyhk;. jpULtjhy; vspjhf gzk; rk;ghjpf;f KbAk; vd;gij ehd; KOikahf Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. gzk; vspjhf fpilf;fpwJ vd;fpw xNu fhuzj;jhy;jhd; ehd; jpULfpNwd;. xU kdpjd; vspjhd KiwapYk; gzk; rk;ghjpf;fyhk;. fbdkhd KiwapYk; gzk; rk;ghjpf;fyhk; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. xU Gj;jprhypahd kdpjd; vspjhd Kiwapy; gzk; rk;ghjpf;Fk; topiaj;jhd; Njh;e;njLg;ghd;. E. jpULtJ kdpjj; jd;ikf;F vjpuhdJ. jpULtJ kdpj Fyj;jpw;F vjpuhdJ. XU kdpjd; kw;w kdpjh;fspd; eyj;ijg; gw;wpAk; rpe;jpj;J nray;gl Ntz;Lk; vd rpyh; thjplyhk;. ,t;thW thjpLgth;fisg; ghh;j;J ehd; rpy Nfs;tpfis Nfl;fpNwd;. “'kdpjj; jd;ik" vd;fpw rl;lj;ij vOjp itj;jJ ahh;?. ehd; vjw;fhf me;j rl;lj;ijg; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;?. kdpjj; jd;ik vd;fpw rl;lk; - czh;T G+h;tkhd kdpjh;fSf;F Ntz;Lnkdpy; rhpahdjhfj; njhpayhk;. Mdhy; ehd; xU jh;f;f hPjpahd> Raeyk; nfhz;l kdpjd;. gpwUila eyk; NgZtjhy; vdf;F ve;j ed;ikAk; ,y;iy. vdNt kdpjj; jd;ik vd;gJ vy;yhk; vdf;F xU nghUl;Nlay;y.

F. jpULtJ Raeyk;. jpULtJ Raeyk; vd;W rpyh; thjplyhk;. jpULtJ raeyk; vd;gJ E}W rjtPjk; cz;ikahdJjhd;. jpULtjhy; ehd; vdJ tho;f;ifia f\;lkpd;wp Rfkhf mDgtpf;fyhk; vd;fpw #o;epiyapy;> ehd; Vd; xU Raeythjpahf ,Uf;ff; $lhJ?. jpULtJ jtW vd;fpw jh;f;fhPjpahd thjk; xd;iwf; $l vtuhYk; vLj;J itf;f KbahJ. ,t;thW jpULtJ jtW vd;fpw jh;f;fhPjpahd thjk; xd;iwf; $l vtuhYk; vLj;J itf;f KbahJ. Nkw;fhZk; jh;f;f hPjpahd thjq;fs; ahTk; rhjhuz kdpjh;fis Ntz;Lkhdhy; jpUg;jp nfhs;s itf;fyhk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb jh;f;f hPjpahd thjq;fs; rKjhaj;jpy; gyk; tha;e;j Fw;wthspfis jpUg;jp gLj;j KbahJ. Nkw;$wg;gl;l thjq;fs; vJTk; rhpahd fhuz fhhpaq;fSld; ep&gpf;fg;gl Kbahj thjq;fs; MFk;. vdNtjhd; jw;NghJ cyfk; KOtJk; vz;zw;w Fw;wthspfs; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;. ,t;thWjhd; rKjhaj;jpy; kype;J Ngha;f; fplf;Fk; ,d;dgpw Fw;wq;fshd ty;YwT nfhs;sy;> Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;witAk; rhpahdJ my;y vd;W rKjhaj;jpy; gyk; tha;e;j Fw;wthspfSf;F Kd;G jh;f;f hPjpahf ep&gpf;fg;glhj Fw;wq;fs; MFk;. 2. xU K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpy; gyk; tha;e;j> nry;thf;F kpFe;j Fw;wthspia> mtd; nra;tJ Fw;wk; vd;W vspjhf ek;g itf;f KbAk;. ,g;NghJ ehk; ,lk; khwpf; nfhs;Nthk;. ePq;fs; cyfj;jpy; gyk; tha;e;j> nry;thf;F kpf;f xU Fw;wthsp vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. cq;fsJ fl;lisf;F mbgzpa Ml;fSk;> mikr;rh;fSk; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jtpu cq;fis ghJfhg;gjw;F jdpahf xU $ypg;gilAk; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jpULjy;> ty;YwT nfhs;sy;> Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;w vy;yh jPar; nray;fSk; jtW vd;W ehd; xU K];ypk; vd;fpw hPjpapy; - vd;dhy; ep&gpf;f KbAk;. jpULtJ Fw;wk; vd;gJ gw;wp xU Fw;wthspapd; Kd;G - ehk; NkNy tpthpj;Js;s tpthjq;fis vLj;J itf;Fk;NghJ - me;j Fw;wthsp jpULtJ Fw;wk; my;y vd;W NkNy Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sJ Nghy; thjhbdhYk; jpULjy;> ty;YwT nfhs;sy;> Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;w vy;yh jPar; nray;fSk; jtW vd;W - ehd; xU K];ypk; vd;fpw hPjpapy; - vd;dhy; ep&gpf;f KbAk;. rKjhaj;jpy; rf;jp kpf;f kw;Wk; nry;thf;F kpf;f xU Fw;wthsp - mtd; nra;Ak; Fw;wq;fs; vJTNk Fw;wky;y vd;W jh;f;f hPjpahf nra;Ak; tpthjq;fs; ahTk; cz;ik ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; mNj Ntisapy; jpULjy;> ty;YwT nfhs;sy;> Vkhw;Wjy; Nghd;w vy;yh jPar; nray;fSk; jtW vd;W - ehd; xU K];ypk; vd;fpw hPjpapy; - vd;dhy; ep&gpf;f KbAk;. 3. vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ePjp epiy epWj;jg;gLtij tpUk;Gfpwth;fNs! vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ePjp epiy epiy epWj;jg;gLtij tpUk;Gthh;fs;. gpwUf;F ePjp fpilg;gij ntWg;gth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;> jdf;F ePjp fpilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpUk;Ggth;fshj;jhd; ,Ug;ghh;fs;. rpyNgh; gjtp kw;Wk; nry;thf;F vd;Dk; mjpfhu Nghij jiyf;Nfwpath;fshf - gpwiu Jd;GWj;jTk; - mepahak; ,isf;fTk; Jzpe;J tpLthh;fs;. gjtpAk;> nry;thf;Fk; nfhz;lth;fs; - mjd; gyj;ijf; nfhz;L gpwUf;F mepahak; nra;a KidtNjhL - Nkw;gb gjtpAk; - nry;thf;Fk; - jq;fSf;F gpwh; mepahak; nra;tij jLf;Fk; vd;Wk; fUJfpwhh;fs;. gjtp kw;Wk; nry;thf;F vd;Dk; mjpfhu 48

Nghijia ifapy; itj;jpUg;gth;fs; $l - jq;fSf;F xU mepahak; ,isf;fg;gLk; NghJ - ePjp fpilf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wjhd; tpUk;Gthh;fs;. 4. ,iwtd; kpf;f ePjpAk;> ty;yikAk; nfhz;ltd;. ehd; xU K];ypk; vd;fpw hPjpapy; Fw;wthspf;F Kjypy; - ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gij njspthf;FNtd;. (,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gij vg;gb njspthf;FtJ vd;w Nfs;tpf;fhd tpilia ghUq;fs;) ,iwtd; vy;NyhiuAk;tpl ty;yik kpf;ftd;. ,iwtd; ePjpAk; Neh;ikAk; cilatd; vd;gijAk; me;j Fw;wthspf;F njspthf;FNtd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; ep\htpd; 40tJ trdk; $Wk; “ 'epr;rakhf my;yh`; (vtUf;Fk;) Xh; mZtsT $l mepahak; nra;a khl;lhd;" vd;fpw thh;j;ijfis vLj;Jiug;Ngd;. 5.

,iwtd;> vd;id jz;bf;ftpy;iy. Vd;?

mwptpay; hPjpahfTk;> jh;f;f hPjpahfTk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s mwptpay; cz;ikfis czh;e;J> ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;gij xg;Gf; nfhz;l Fw;wthsp> ,j;jid ty;yikAk;> ePjpiaAk; nfhz;l ,iwtd; jd;id Vd; jz;bf;ftpy;iy vd;W thjk; nra;ayhk;. 6.

ahnuy;yhk; mepahak; nra;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fs; fz;bg;ghf jz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gzgyk;> kw;Wk; rKjha nry;thf;F ,itfSf;nfy;yhk; mg;ghw;gl;L> ahnuy;yhk; mepahak; nra;ag;gl;lhh;fNsh mth;fs; - jq;fSf;F Fw;wk; ,ioj;jth;fs; fz;bg;ghf jz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpUk;Gthh;fs;. ty;YwT nfhz;lth;fSf;Fk;> jpUbath;fSf;Fk; rhpahd xU ghlk; fw;gpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W vy;yh rhjhuz kdpjh;fSk; vz;ZtJ ,ay;G. ,t;Tyfpy; Vuhskhd Fw;wthspfs; mth;fs; nra;j Fw;wq;fSf;fhf jz;bf;fg;gl;lhYk;> gyh; mth;fs; nra;j Fw;wq;fSf;fhf jz;bf;fg;glhky; tpLtpf;fg;gLtij ghh;f;fpNwhk;. mt;thW tpLtpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; kfpo;r;rpahf> Mlk;gukhf njhy;iyaw;w epk;kjpNahL ,t;Tyfpy; tho;tij ehk; fhz;fpNwhk;. gzgyKk;> nry;thf;Fk; epiwe;j xUtUf;F> mtiutpl mjpf gzgyKk;> mjpf nry;thf;Fk; ngw;w xUtuhy; mepahak; nra;ag;gLk;NghJ> jdf;F mepahak; nra;jth; fz;bg;ghf jz;bf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpUk;Gthh;. 7.

,t;Tyfpy; ehk; thOfpd;w tho;f;if> kW cyf tho;f;iff;fhd xU Njh;T.

,t;Tyfpy; ehk; thOfpd;w tho;f;if> kW cyf tho;f;iff;fhd xU Njh;Tjhd; vd;gij mUs;kiw FHMdpd; mWgj;J VohtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; Ky;f;fpd; 02tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

'cq;fspy; vth; nray;fshy; kpfTk; mofhdth; vd;gijr; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf mtd;> kuzj;ijAk;> tho;itAk; gilj;jhd;. NkYk; mtd; (ahtiuAk;) kpifj;jtd;: kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd;." 8. ,Wjpj; jPh;g;G

kWik ehspy; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,Wjpj; jPh;g;G kWik ehspy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gij gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; - ]{uj;Jy; My ,k;uhdpd; 185tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'xt;Nthh; Mj;khTk; kuzj;ij Rfpj;Nj Mf Ntz;Lk;: md;wpAk; - ,Wjpj; jPh;g;G ehspy; jhd;> cq;f(s; nra;iff)Sf;Fhpa gpujp gyd;fs; KOikahf nfhLf;fg;gLk;: vdNt vth; (euf) neUg;gpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;Lr;> 49

Rth;f;fj;jpy; gpuNtrpf;FkhW nra;ag;gLfpwhNuh> mth; epr;rakhf ntw;wpaile;Jtpl;lhh;. ,t;Tyf tho;f;if kaf;fj;ij mspf;fty;y (mw;g ,d;gg;) nghUNsad;wp Ntwpy;iy." (my;-Fh;Md; 3 : 185). ,Wjpj; jPh;g;G kWik ehspy;jhd; toq;fg;gLk; vd;gij NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l mUs;kiw trdj;jpd; %yk; ehk; mwpayhk;. xU kdpjd; ,we;j gpwF - mtd; kPz;Lk; caph;gpf;fg;gLthd;. xU kdpjd; jhd; nra;j jtWf;fhf ,t;Tyfpy; nfhQ;rkhf jz;bf;fg;glyhk;. my;yJ jz;bf;fg;glhkYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. Mdhy; mtd; nra;j jtWf;F KO jz;lizAk; kWikehspy;jhd;. ty;ywT Fw;wj;jpy; <Lgl;ltidNah my;yJ jpUlidNah ,iwtd; ,t;Tfj;jpy; jz;bf;fhky; tpl;L tplyhk;. Mdhy; mth;fs; nra;j Fw;wj;jpw;fhf mth;fs; kWik ehspy; gjpy; nrhy;ypNaj; jPu Ntz;Lk;. kWikehspy; mjhtJ kuzpj;jgpd; cs;s tho;f;ifapy; mth;fs; ,iwtdhy; jz;bf;fg;gLthh;fs; vd;gJ epr;rak;. 9. eh[p nfhLq;Nfhyd; `pl;yUf;F kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;l rl;lk; vd;d jz;lid toq;fpapUf;f KbAk;?. mWgJ yl;rk; a+jh;fis vhpj;Jf; nfhd;w rk;gtk; eh[p nfhLq;Nfhyd; `pl;yh; Ml;rp fhyj;jpy; ele;jJ vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;. fhty;Jiwapdh; `pl;yiu ifJ gz;zp rl;lj;jpd; Kd;G epWj;jpapUe;jhy; - kdpjdhy; ,aw;wg;gl;l rl;lk;> mWgJ yl;rk; a+jh;fis vhpj;Jf; nfhd;w `pl;yUf;F vd;d jz;lid toq;fpapUf;f KbAk;?. rl;lj;jpd; kpff; $Ljy; jz;lidahd kuz jz;lidia toq;fpapUf;f $Lk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb kuz jz;lid xNunahU a+jiu nfhd;wjw;F <lhd jz;lidjhd;. vQ;rpAs;s Ik;gj;J xd;gJ yl;rj;J njhd;D}w;W xd;gjhapuj;J njhs;shapuj;J njhd;D}w;W xd;gJ a+jh;fis vhpj;Jf; nfhd;wjw;fhd jz;lid vd;d?. 10. my;yh`; - `pl;yiu - mWgJ yl;rk; jlit euf neUg;gpdhy; vhpf;ff;$ba ty;yik ngw;wtd;: mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;:

'ahh; ek; Ntj trdq;fis epuhfhpf;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fis ehk; epr;rakhf eufj;jpy; GFj;jp tpLNthk;. mth;fs; Njhy;fs; fUfptpLk; nghnjy;yhk;> mitay;yh (NtW) Njhy;fis> mth;fs; Ntjidia (G+uzkhf) mDgtpg;gjw;nfd> mth;fSf;F ehk; khw;wpf; nfhz;NlapUg;Nghk;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; kpifj;jtdhfTk;> QhdKs;stdhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhd;." (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h - 56tJ trdk;)

my;yh`; - mtd; ehbdhy; - `pl;yiu - mWgJ yl;rk; jlit euf neUg;gpdhy; vhpf;ff;$ba ty;yik nfhz;ltd;. 11. kWik ek;gpf;if ,y;yhky; kdpj eyd; kw;Wk; ey;yJ> nfl;lJ vd;w rpe;jidNa ,y;iy. kWik tho;f;if mjhtJ kdpjdpd; ,wg;Gf;Fg; gpd;Gk; xU tho;f;if cz;L vd;w ek;gpf;if ,y;iynadpy;> kdpj eyd; kw;Wk; ey;yJ> nfl;lJ vd;w rpe;jidNa kdpj th;f;fj;jplk; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpLk;. mepahak; nra;gth;fs; - Fwpg;ghf gzgyKk;> gil gyKk;> r%fj;jpy; nry;thf;Fk; ngw;wth;fs; mepahak; nra;Ak; NghJ - kWik tho;f;if vd;w ek;gpf;if ,y;iynadpy;> kdpj eyd; kw;Wk; ey;yJ> nfl;lJ vd;w rpe;jidNa kdpj th;f;fj;jplk; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tplf; $Lk;. vdNt xt;nthU kdpjUf;Fk; - ,wg;Gf;Fg; gpwFk; tho;f;if cz;L vd;fpw kWik ek;gpf;if mtrpak;. 50

Nfs;tp vz;: 19 cyfpy; cs;s vy;yh kjq;fSk; - ey;yijNa nra;a Ntz;Lk; - ey;yijNa gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;Yk; NghJ - xU kdpjd; ,];yhkpa kjj;ij khj;jpuk; Vd; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;? kw;w kjq;fspy; vijNaDk; xd;iw gpd;gw;w KbANk!. gjpy;: 1.

,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpw;Fk; - gpw kjq;fSf;Fk; cs;s kpfg; nghpa tpj;jpahrk;:

vy;yh kjq;fSk; ey;yijNar; nra;a Ntz;Lk; - ey;yijNag; gpd; gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;fpd;wd. Mdhy; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; ey;yijNar; nra;a Ntz;Lk; - ey;yijNag; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tNjhL epd;W tplhky; - jdpkdpjdplKk; - KO kdpj rKjhaj;jplKk; ed;ikia Vtp jPikiaj; jLf;ff; $ba nray;fis eilKiwg;gLj;JfpwJ. ,];yhk;. ed;ikia Vtp - jPikiaj; jLf;ff; $ba nraiy nra;Ak; NghJ kdpj rKjhaj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; kdpjj; jd;ikiaAk;> rKjhaj;jpy; kdpjh;fSf;fpilNa ,Uf;Fk; fLQ; rpf;fiyAk; fzf;fpy; nfhs;fpwJ. kdpjh;fis gilj;j ,iwtdhy; topfhl;lg;gl;l khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhk; - jPDy; /gpj;h; - mjhtJ ,aw;ifahd khh;f;fk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 2. cjhuzk;: kdpjh;fs; jpUl;il tpl;nlhopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W rKjhaj;jpypUe;J jpUl;il vg;gb xopf;f KbAk; vd;gjw;Fk; topfhl;LfpwJ. A.

nrhy;tNjhL>

,];yhk; jpUl;il xopf;Fk; toptiffis ekf;Ff; fw;Wj; jUfpwJ.

vy;yh Kf;fpa kjq;fSk; jpULtJ xU ghtkhd nray; vd;W Nghjpf;fpd;wd. ,];yhKk; mjidj;jhd; Nghjpf;fpd;wJ. mg;gbnadpy; kw;w kjq;fSf;Fk; ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; cs;s NtWghLjhd; vd;d?. jpULtJ xU ghtkhd nray; vd;W Nghjpg;gNjhL epd;W tplhky; eilKiwapy; jpUlh;fNs ,y;yhj xU rKjhaj;ij cUthf;FtJ vg;gb vd;Wk; topfhl;Lfpd;wJ ,];yhk;. B.

,];yhk; “'[f;fhj;" vd;Dk; jh;kk; toq;f typAWj;JfpwJ.

,];yhk; “'[f;fhj;" vd;Dk; khh;f;f thp toq;Ftij xt;nthU ,];yhkpah; kPJk; flikahf;fpAs;sJ. ,];yhkpah;fspy; ahnuy;yhk; 85 fpuhk; jq;fk; my;yJ mjw;Fhpa kjpg;Gs;s nry;tq;fisr; Nrkpj;J itj;jpUf;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fs; xt;nthU tUlKk; ,uz;liw rjtPjk; mstpw;F “'[f;fhj;" vd;Dk; khh;f;f thp toq;Ftij ,];yhk; flikahf;fpAs;sJ. cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU gzf;fhuUk; jkf;Fs;s nrhj;Jf;fspy; ,uz;liw rjtPjk; jh;kkhf nfhLj;jhy;> cyfj;jpy; Vo;ik vd;w epiyNa ,y;yhky; NghFk;. ,t;Tyfpy; xU kdpj caph; $l grpahy; kuzpf;ff; $ba epiy ,Uf;fhJ. C. jpULgtDf;F jz;lidahf mtdJ rl;lk; tFj;Js;sJ.

iffis ntl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,];yhk;

jpUbdhhd; vd;W epUgpf;fg;gl;ltdpd; iffis ntl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,];yhk; rl;lk; tFj;Js;sJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; Ie;J ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 38tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ:

'jpUlNdh> jpUbNah mth;fs; rk;ghjpj;j ghtj;jpw;F> my;yh`;tplkpUe;Js;s jz;lidahf mth;fspd; fuq;fisj; jhpj;J tpLq;fs;. my;yh`; kpifj;jtDk;> Qhdk; kpf;NfhDkhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 5 ]_uj;Jy; khapjh 38tJ trdk;)

'M! ,Ugjhk; E}w;whz;by; jpUbatDf;F ifia ntl;Ltjh?. ,];yhk; fUizapy;yhj> fhl;Lkpuhz;bj; jdkhd khh;f;fk;"> vd;W ,];yhk; my;yhj khw;W kjj;jth;fs; nrhy;yyhk;. D.

,];yhkpa rl;lk; eil Kiwg;gLj;jg; gl;ljhy; - rhpahd gyd; fpilj;Js;sJ.

cyfpy; cs;s ehLfspy; mnkhpf;fhjhd; kpf Kd;NdwpAs;s ehlhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; Jh;mjph;\;ltrkhf mnkhpf;fhjhd; Fw;wq;fSk;> jpUl;Lf;fSk;> nfhs;isfSk; epiwe;Js;s ehlhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg; gl;bUe;jhy;> mjhtJ vy;yh nry;te;jh;fSk; [f;fhj; vd;Dk; jh;kk; toq;f Ntz;Lk; (xt;nthU tUlKk; jkf;Fs;s nrhj;Jf;fspy; 2.5 rjtPjk; jh;kkhf nfhLj;jy;) vd;w rl;lKk;> jpUlg;gl;ljhf ep&gpf;fg;gl;l Fw;wthspfSf;F jz;lidahf mth;fsJ iffs; ntl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw rl;lKk; mnkhpf;fhtpy; eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; jpUl;Lf; Fw;wk; FiwAkh?. my;yJ jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fs; mNj Nghd;Wjhd; ,Uf;Fkh?. my;yJ jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fs; mjpfhpf;Fkh?. fz;bg;ghf mnkhpf;fhtpd; jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fs; Fiwaj;jhd; nra;Ak;. ,];yhk; tFj;Js;s fLikahd rl;lq;fs; ,Ug;gjd; fhuzj;jhy; NkYk; jpUl Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zKs;sth;fSk; jpULtjw;F jaq;Fk; epiyjhd; cUthFk;. ,d;iwf;F cyfpy; ,Uf;Fk; jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fSf;F jz;lid vd;w ngahpy; iffis ntl;LNthk; vdpy; ,d;W cyfpy; yl;rf; fzf;fhNdhhpd; iffs; ntl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw cq;fsJ thjj;ij ehd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. - Mdhy; ehd; ,q;Nf typAWj;j tpUk;Gk; fUj;J vd;dntdpy; jpULNthUf;F jz;lidahf iffs; ntl;lg;gLk; vd;fpw rl;lk; mky;gLj;jg;gl;l clNdNa jpUl;Lf; Fw;wq;fs; Fiwa Muk;gpj;JtpLk; vd;gijj;jhd;. jpUl;Lj;njhopiy tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUf;Fk; jpUlh;fs; $l> jpULtjw;F Kd;G kpfTk; rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;J tpLthh;fs;. jpULtJ gw;wp rpe;jpf;f Muk;gpj;Jtpl;lhNy jpUl;L njhopy; nra;gth;fs; gyh; jpULtij tpl;L tpLthh;fs;. mjidAk; kPwp xU rpyh; khj;jpuk; jpUl;Lj; njhopiy njhlh;tjw;fhd tha;g;Gfs; cs;sJ. mth;fs; gpbgl;lhy; mth;fspd; iffs; khj;jpuk; ntl;lg;gLk;. ,t;thW xU rpyhpd; iffs; Ntz;Lnkdpy; ntl;lg;glyhk;. Mdhy; yl;rf;fzf;fhNdhh; jpUl;L gakpd;wp epk;kjpahf thoKbAk; vd;gij epidtpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; eilKiwf;F xj;Jtuf; $baitAk;> kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;F gyd;fis juf; $baitAk;jhd;. 3.

%d;whtJ cjhuzk;: ,];yhk; ngz;fs; khdgq;fgLj;jg;gLtijAk;> ty;YwT nfhs;sg;gLtijAk; fLikahd Fw;wq;fs; vd jil nra;Js;sJ. mj;Jld; ,];yhkpa Mil Kiwfis gpd;gw;w nrhy;tNjhL> ty;ywT Fw;wk; nra;jjhf ep&gpf;fg;gLgtUf;F fLikahd jz;lidfisAk; typAWj;JfpwJ.

ty;YwT nfhs;tijAk;> khdgq;fg; gLj;jg;gLtijAk; jLf;Fk; Kiwfis ,];yhk; typAWj;JfpwJ.

ngz;fNshL ty;YwT nfhs;tijAk;> ngz;fs; khdgq;fg;gLj;jg; gLtijAk; vy;yh kjq;fSk; nfhLikahd ghtk; vd;Wjhd; nrhy;Yfpd;wd. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fKk; mijj;jhd; Nghjpf;fpwJ. ,Ug;gpDk; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpw;Fk; kw;WKs;s kjq;fSf;Fk; cs;s tpj;jpahrk;jhd; vd;d?. ngz;fis kjpf;f Ntz;Lk; mwpTiu $WtNjhL epd;W tplhky; my;yJ ngz;fis khdgq;fg;gLj;Jtij ntWj;Jj; js;StNjhL epd;W tplhky;> ty;YwT nfhs;tJ kfhg;nghpa ghtk; vd;W nrhy;tnjhL epd;W tplhky;> Nkw;gb Fw;wq;fs; rKjhaj;jpy; ,y;yhky; nra;tJ vg;gb vd;W topfhl;lTk; nra;fpwJ.

B. ,];yhk; typAWj;Jk; Mz;fSf;fhd MilKiwAk; - eil KiwAk;. ,];yhk; kdpjh;fs; Kiwahf mzpa Ntz;ba Milfis (`p[hg;) typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;; ngz;fSf;fhd “`p[hg;> gw;wp mwptpg;gjw;F Kd;ghf> Mz;fSf;fhd “`p[hg;> gw;wpj;jhd; Kjypy; mwptpf;fpwhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 24tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; E}hpd; Kg;gjhtJ trdj;jpy; “'(egpNa!) tpRthrk;nfhz;l

Mz;fSf;F ePh; $WtPuhf: mth;fs; jq;fs; ghh;itfis jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; ntl;fj; jyq;fis Ngzpg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: mJ mth;fSf;F kpf;f ghpRj;jkhdjhFk;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; mth;fs; nra;gtw;iw ed;F njhpe;jtd;" (mj;jpahak; 24 ]_uj;Jd; E}h; - 30tJ trdk;) vd;W my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;.

xU kdpjd; xU ngz;iz ghh;j;jTld; mtdJ kdjpy; - ntl;fkw;w my;yJ ehzkw;w vz;zk; Njhd;WNkahdhy; - me;j kdpjd; jdJ ghh;itia jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fl;lisapLfpd;wJ. C.

ngz;fSf;Fhpa “`p[hg;

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 24tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; E}hpd; Kg;gj;J xd;whtJ

trdj;jpy;

'(egpNa!) ,d;Dk; tpRthrk;nfhz;l ngz;fSf;F ePh; $WtPuhf: mth;fs; jq;fs; ghh;itfis jho;j;jpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; ntl;fj; jyq;fis Ngzpg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;: jq;fs; mofyq;fhuj;ij mjdpd;W (rhjhuzkhf ntspapy;) njhpaf; $baijj;jtpu: (NtW vijAk;) ntspf; fhl;lyhfhJ: ,d;Dk; jq;fs; Kd;whidfshy; mth;fs; jq;fs; khh;Gfis kiwj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.: NkYk; (tpRthrk;nfhz;l ngz;fs;) jk; fzth;fs;> jk; je;ijah;fs;> my;yJ jk; fzth;fspd; je;ijah;fs; my;yJ jk; Gjy;th;fs;..".Mfpa ,th;fisj; jtpu(NtW mz;fSf;Fj;) jq;fSila mofyq;fhuj;ij ntspg;gLj;jf; $lhJ." vd;W my;yh`; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whd;. `p[hg; mzptjw;fhd MW tiuKiwfis ,];yhk; typAWj;JfpwJ. ePq;fs; mzpaf; $ba Mil cly; KOtijAk; kiwf;ff; $bajhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj ,];yhkpa Mil mzptjw;fhd Kjy; msTNfhy;. ,e;j msTNfhy; Mz;fSf;Fk; - ngz;fSf;Fk; tpj;jpahrg;gLk;. Mz;fs; njhg;Gs; Kjy; fuz;iltiu kiwf;ff; $ba Milfis mzpa Ntz;Lk;. ngz;fs; rhjhuzkhf ntspapy; njhpaf;$ba ghfq;fshd Kfk; - fuz;il tiu cs;s iffs; Mfpaitj; jtpu jq;fs; cly; KOtJk; kiwf;ff; $ba Milfis mzpa Ntz;Lk;. mth;fs; tpUk;gpdhy; Nkw;gb ntspapy; njhpaf; $ba ,e;j ghfq;fisAk; kiwj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. D.

`p[hg; ngz;fis njhy;iyfspypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fpwJ:

ngz;fs; `p[hg; mzpa Ntz;bajw;fhd fhuzj;ij mUs; kiwapd; 33 tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; m`;[hg; gpd; 59tJ trdk; njspthf Rl;bf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

'egpNa! ePh; ck; kidtpfSf;Fk;> ck; ngz; kf;fSf;Fk;> <khd; nfhz;lth;fspd; ngz;fSf;Fk;> mth;fs; jq;fs; jiy Kd;whidfis jho;j;jpf; nfhs;SkhW $WtPuhf: mth;fs; (fz;zpakhdth;fs; vd) 53

mwpag;gl;L Nehtpid nra;ag;glhkypUf;f ,J Rygkhd topahFk;. my;yh`; kpf kd;dpg;gtd;: kpf;f md;Gilatd;."

NkYk;

ngz;fs; fz;zpakhdth;fs; vd;W mwpag;gLtjw;fhfTk; - mth;fs; njhy;iyfspypUe;J jtph;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;bAk; - `p[hg; mzptJ ngz;fSf;F ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. E.

,ul;il rNfhjhpfs; - Xh; cjhuzk;:

,ul;ilg; gpwtpahd rNfhjhpfs; - ,uz;L NgUk; mofpYk; rkkhdth;fs; filj;njUtpy; ele;J Nghfpwhh;fs; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. mjpy; xUth; Kw;wpYk; ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; Mil mzpe;jtuhf nry;fpwhh;. mjhtJ jdJ Kfk; - kw;Wk; jdJ ,uz;L iffs; khj;jpuk; fuz;il tiuapy; ntspapy; njhpAk;gb jdJ KO cliyAk; kiwj;J Mil mzpe;jtuhf ele;J nry;fpwhh;. kw;wth; Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhu Kiwg;gb xU Fl;ilg;ghthilNah my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;ilNah mzpe;J nry;fpwhh; vd itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. filj; njUtpy; ngz;fis Nfyp nra;tjw;fhfNt epw;Fk; fhypfs; ahiu NfypAk; - fpz;lYk; nra;thh;fs;?. ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; Mil mzpe;J nry;gtiuah?. my;yJ Fl;ilg;ghthil my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;il mzpe;J nry;gtiuah?. fz;bg;ghf Fl;ilg;ghthil my;yJ miuf;fhw; rl;il mzpe;J nry;gth;jhd; NfypAk; fpz;lYf;Fk; cs;shthh;. cly; cWg;Gfis kiwg;gijtpl mjpfk; ntspapy; njhpAk;gbahd Milfis ngz;fs; mzptJ - Mz;ghyiu NfypAk; fpz;lYk; - njhy;iyfSk; nra;aitg;gjw;fhd kiwKfkhd miog;NgahFk;. vdNtjhd; ,];yhkpa Mil Kiw fz;bg;ghf ngz;fs; njhy;iyfs; nra;ag;gLtij jtph;f;fpwJ vd;W mUs; kiw FHMd; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. F.

ty;YwT nfhs;NthUf;F (ghypay; gyhj;fhuk;) kuz jz;lid.

,];yhkpa rl;lj;jpd;gb xU kdpjd; xU ngz;NzhL ty;YwT nfhz;ljhf ep&gpf;fg;gl;lhy; - mtDf;F kuz jz;lid toq;f Ntz;Lk;. kuz jz;lid vd;w thh;j;ijia Nfl;lTld; gyh; mjph;r;rpAWfpd;wdh;. xUrpyh; ,];yhk; fUizapy;yhj fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdkhd khh;f;fk; vd;nwy;yhk; tpkhprpf;f Muk;gpj;J tpLfpd;wdh;. ,];yhk; my;yhj rNfhjuh;fis ehd; xU Nfs;tpia Nfl;bUf;fpNwd;. jq;fSila kidtpAlNdh - my;yJ jq;fsJ rNfhjhpAlNdh my;yJ jq;fsJ jhAlNdh xUtd; ty;YwT (mt;thW elf;fhky; my;yh`; ghJfhg;ghdhf!) nfhz;L tpl;lhd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. tof;fhL kd;wj;jpy; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F - jPh;g;G toq;ff; $ba ePjpgjpahf jhq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPh;fs; vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. jhq;fs; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F vd;d jz;liz toq;FtPh;fs;?. ehd; Nfs;tp Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F ,];yhk; my;yhj rNfhjuh;fs; vy;NyhUNk mspj;j gjpy; vd;dntd;why; ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F kuz jz;lidNaj; jUNthk; vd;gJjhd;. mjpy; ,d;Dk; rpyh; - ty;YwT nfhz;ltd; kuzpf;Fk;tiu rpj;utij nra;J nfhy;Nthk; vd;Wk; nrhd;dhh;fs;.mth;fsplk; ehd; Nfl;lnjy;yhk; ahuhtJ xUtd; cq;fsJ cwTfNshL - ty;YwT nfhz;L tpl;lhy; - kuz jz;lid nfhLf;f tpUk;Gk; ePq;fs; - NtW ahNuh xUthpd; kidtpNah -rNfhjhpNah - my;yJ jhNah ty;YwT nfhs;sg;gl;L - ty;YwT nfhz;ltDf;F kuz jz;lid toq;fg;gl;lhy; khj;jpuk; Vd; mjid fhl;Lkpuhz;bj;jdk; vdfpwPh;fs;. Vd; ,e;j ,ul;il epiyg;ghL?. G. mnkhpf;fhtpy;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpf mstpyhd ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd. cyfpy; cs;s ehLfspy; mnkhpf;fhjhd; Kw;wpYk; ehfhPfkile;j ehlhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. mNj mnkhpf;fhtpy;jhd; cyfj;jpNyNa mjpf mstpyhd ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;fpd;wd. 1990 Mk; Mz;by; khj;jpuk; mnkhpf;fhtpy; 1>02>555 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jjhf me;j ehl;bd; csTj;Jiwahd v/g;. gp. I. apd; mwpf;if njhptpf;fpwJ. ele;j ty;YwT Fw;wq;fspy; 16 rjtPjk; Fw;wq;fs; khj;jpuNk Gfhh; nra;ag;gl;ljhfTk; Nkw;gb mwpf;if 54

njhptpf;fpwJ. mg;gbnadpy; mnkhpf;fhtpy; 1990 Mk; Mz;by; nkhj;jk; ele;j ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; vj;jid vd;W mwpa Nkw;gb njhifia (1>02>555) 6.25 nfhz;L ngUf;fpdhy; nkhj;j ty;YwT Fw;wj;jpd; vz;zpf;if 640>968 MFk;. Nkw;gb fpilf;Fk; njhifia 365 ehl;fis nfhz;L tFf;Fk; NghJ 1990 Mk; Mz;L khj;jpuk; mnkhpf;fhtpy; ehs; xd;Wf;F ruhrhpahf ele;j ty;YwT Fw;wq;fspd; vz;zpf;if 1>756 MFk;. mjd; gpwF ruhrhpahf ehs; xd;Wf;F 1900 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jhf kw;nwhU mwpf;if nrhy;fpwJ. mnkhpf;fhtpy; 1996 Mk; Mz;L khj;jpuk; 3>07>000 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; Gfhh; nra;ag;gl;ljhf mnkhpf;f ePjpj;Jiwapd; kw;nwhU gphpthd Fw;wk; ,iof;fg;gl;Nlhh; gw;wp Njrpa mstpy; Ma;T nra;Ak; mikg;gpd; mwpf;if $WfpwJ. nkhj;jk; ele;j ty;YwT Fw;wq;fspy;> 31 rjtPjk; khj;jpuNk Gfhh; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;Wk; Nkw;gb mwpf;if $WfpwJ. mt;thnwdpy; 1996 Mk; Mz;by; mnkhpf;fhtpy; ele;j nkhj;j ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; (307>000 x 3.226) 990>322. MFk;. ruhrhpahf ehs; xd;Wf;F 2>713 ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jpUf;fpd;wd. mjhtJ xt;nthU 32 tpdhbf;F xU ty;YwT Fw;wk; epfo;e;jpUf;fpwJ. kw;WKs;s tUlq;fspy; mnkhpf;fh;fs; ,d;Dk; $Ljyhf ty;YwT Fw;wq;fspy; <Lgl;bUf;fyhk;. ,t;thW ty;YwT Fw;wq;fspy; <Lgl;lth;fspy; 10 rjtPjk; Ngh;fs;jhd; fhty;Jiwapduhy; ifJ nra;ag;gl;ljhf 1990Mk; Mz;L v/g;. gp. I. ntspapl;Ls;s mwpf;if $WfpwJ. ,t;thW ifJ nra;ag;gl;lth;fspd; vz;zpf;if nkhj;jj;jpy; 1.6 rjtPjk;jhd;. Nkw;gb ifJ nra;ag;gl;lth;fspy; Ik;gJ rjtPjk; Ngh; mth;fs; nra;j ty;YwT Fw;wk; ePjp kd;wj;jpd; Kd;G epUgpf;fg;glhjjhy; tpLjiy nra;ag;gl;ldh;. mjw;F mh;j;jk; 0.8 rjtPjk; Fw;wthspfs;jhd; ePjp tprhuidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLfpwhh;fs;. NtW thh;j;ijfspy; nrhy;tnjd;why; 125 Ngh; ty;ywT Fw;wq;fs; epfo;e;jhy; jz;lid toq;fg;gLtJ xNunahU Fw;wj;jpw;F khj;jpuk;jhd;. ,t;thwhd rl;lq;fs; ,Ue;jhy; gyh;> ty;YwT Fw;wk; Ghptij xU njhopyhfNt itj;jpUg;ghh;fs;. ,t;thW ePjp tprhuizf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;lth;fspy; 50 rjtPjk; Ngh; Fw;wthspfs; vd epUgpf;fg;gl;lgpd; 1 tUlj;jpw;Fk; Fiwthd rpiw jz;lidiaj;jhd; ngWfpd;wdh; vd Nkw;gb mwpf;if NkYk; $WfpwJ. ,t;tsTf;Fk; xU ty;YwT Fw;wk; Ghpe;j Fw;wthspf;F mnkhpf;f Fw;wtpay; jz;lid rl;lj;jpd;gb 7 tUlq;fs; rpiw jz;lid toq;f Ntz;Lk;. Kjd; Kiwahf ty;ywT Fw;wk; Ghpe;j xUtDf;F fLikahd jz;lidfs; ,d;wp ePjpgjp tpLjiy nra;ayhk; vd;gJ mnkhpf;f Fw;wtpay; jz;lid rl;lj;jpd; tpjp. fw;gid nra;J ghUq;fs;!. xU kdpjd; 125 Kiw ty;YwT Fw;wk; nra;jhYk;> mtd; jz;lid ngWtjw;Fhpa rhj;jpaf;$W xNunahU Kiwjhd;. me;j xU KiwapYk; ePjpgjpapd; fUizapdhy; tpLjiy nra;ag;glyhk;. my;yJ xU tUlj;jpw;Fk; Fiwe;j rpiw jz;lidiag; ngwyhk;. H. ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; mky; gLj;jg;gl;lhy;

rhpahd gyd;fisg; ngwyhk;:

mnkhpf;fhtpy; ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; eilKiwgLj;jg;gl;bUg;gjhf fw;gid nra;J ghUq;fs;. xU Mz; xU ngz;iz ghh;f;Fk; nghOJ mtdJ vz;zj;jpy; ehzkw;w my;yJ ntl;fkpy;yhj vz;zk; Njhd;Wkhapd; - mth; jdJ ghh;itia jho;j;jpf; nfhz;bUg;ghh;. mnkhpf;fhtpd; xt;nthU ngz;Zk; Kfk; kw;Wk; jdJ iffspd; fuz;il tiu kl;Lk; njhpAk;gb - kw;WKs;s clypd; midj;J ghfq;fSk; kiwf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; ,];yhkpa Mil Kiwia gpd;gw;wp ,Ug;ghh;fs;. ,jw;F gpwFk; xU kdpjd; ty;YwT Fw;wj;jpy; <LgLthd; vdpy; - mtDf;F kuz jz;lid vd;w epiy gpd;gw;w gl;bUf;Fk;. Nkw;fz;lthW ,];yhkpa rl;lq;fs; mnkhpf;fhtpy; eilKiw gLj;jg;gl;lhy; - mnkhpf;fhtpy; ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; mjpfhpf;Fkh? my;yJ Kd;dh; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;w mNj epiyapy; ,Uf;Fkh? my;yJ FiwAkh? fz;bg;ghf mnkhpf;fhtpd; ty;YwT Fw;wq;fs; Fiwaj;jhd; nra;Ak;.

4. kdpj rKjhaj;jpd; gpur;idfSf;F> ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; eilKiwf;F xj;Jtuf;$ba jPH;Tfis nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,];yhk; cyf tho;f;iff;F rpwe;j topfhl;bahFk; . Vnddpy; mjd; nfhs;iffs; eilKiwf;F xj;J tuhj tha; thh;j;ijfis nfhz;ljy;y. khwhf ,];yhkpa nfhs;iffs; kdpj rKjhaj;jpd; gpur;idfSf;F jPh;thf mike;Js;sJ. jdp kdpj mstpYk;> KO kdpj rKjha mstpYk; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; rpwe;j jPh;Tfis nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fNk cyfpy; cs;s khh;f;fq;fspy; vy;yhk; rpwe;j khh;f;fkhf jpfo;tjw;F fhuzk; eilKiwf;F rhj;jpaf; $whd mjd; nfhs;ifs;jhd;. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; xU Fwpg;gpl;l th;f;fj;jpdUf;Nfh my;yJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l Njrj;jpdUf;Nfh nrhe;jkhdjy;y. khwhf ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; mfpyk; KOtjw;Fk; nrhe;jkhdJ.

iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii

mstpyh fUizAk; ,izapyh fpUigAKila vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`;tpd; NguUshy;..!

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs; (ghfk; - 2) -: Mq;fpyj;jpy; :-

lhf;lh; [hfph; ehaf; -: jkpohf;fk; :-

mg+ ,]huh

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp rpwpjsT mwpe;Jnfhz;l khw;W kjj;jth;fshy; Nfl;fg;gLk; Nfs;tpfs;: 1. Fh;Md; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ. cz;ik?

mJ ,iw Ntjky;y vd;gJ jhNd

2. Fh;Mdpd; gy gpujpfs; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy; vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fh;Md; ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;ljy;y. khwhf c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy; njhFg;gl;l gpujpjhNd jw;NghJs;s Fh;Md;?. 3. fh/gPh;fis fz;l ,lj;jpy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis nfhiy nra;Aq;fs; vd;W nrhd;djpd; %yk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;Ltjhf ,y;iyah? 4. Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtd; nrhy;tjhf tUk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;w gd;ikahd nrhy;iy gad;gLj;Jtjhy; - ,];yhk; gy nja;t nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;if cilajhf Njhd;WfpNj. ,J rhpah?. 5. ',iwtNd kdpjidg; gilj;jhd;" vd;fpw Fh;Mdpd; $w;W “'kdpjd; Fuq;fpypUe;J Njhd;wpdhd;" vd;fpw “'lhh;tpd; tpjpf;F" Kuz;ghlhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah? 6. ,];yhkpah;fs; “'tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" apy; ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs;. (Fh;Mdpy; Kjypy; mUsg;gl;l trdq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> mjw;F gpd;G mUsg;gl;l trdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ). ,t;thW nra;tJ> ,iwtd; jtwhf xU trdj;ij ,wf;fptpl;L> gpd;dh; NtW xU trdj;jpd; %yk; nra;j jtwpid jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tJ Nghy; njhpatpy;iyah?. 7. Fh;Mdpd; rpy mj;jpahaq;fs; 'myp/g; - yhk; - kPk;" - vdTk; - '`hkPk;" vdTk; - 'ah]Pd;" vdTk; Jtq;FfpwNj. ,e;j gjq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?. 8. 'G+kpia cq;fSf;F xU tphpg;ghf Mf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;fpwJ Fh;Mdpd; trdk;. ,e;j trdk; g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;gjw;F rhd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb Fh;Mdpd; trdk;> g+kp cUz;ilahdJ vd;W ep&gpf;fg;gl;l etPd mwptpay; cz;ikf;F Kuzhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?. 9. my;yh`; khj;jpuNk jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W mwpfpwhd; vd;fpwJ Fh;Md;. Mdhy; jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf ehk; “'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,jdhy; Fh;Md; kUj;Jt mwptpaNyhL Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?. 10. Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wg;gb xU Mz; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; “'`_Uy;<d;" vd;Dk; ngz;izj; Jizahfg; ngUthd;. mg;gbnadpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; xU ngz;Zf;F Jizahf vd;d fpilf;Fk;.?. 11. ,iwtd; fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fis Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd;. mg;gbnadpy; epuhfhpg;gth;fs; - (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gjw;F) vg;gb Fw;wthspfs; Mthh;fs;?. 12. ek;Kila nray;fis ,iwtNd jPh;Tnra;J vOjp itj;Jtpl;ljhy; - ehk; nra;Ak; ghtq;fSf;Fk; - Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; ehk; vg;gb nghWg;ghNthk;?. 13. thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhf Fh;Mdpd; gy ,lq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak; /Gh;]pyhj;jpy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; 8 ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ljhf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Kuz;ghL ,y;iyah?. NkYk; mNj trdj;jpy; g+kpia MW ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhfTk; - gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fis gilj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ. thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; cUthapd 2

vd;W mwptpay; $Wk; “'ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpf;F" (Big Bang Theroy) khw;wkhf ,e;j trdk; mike;Js;sjh ,y;iyah? 14. kdpjd; tpe;jpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W xU ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gpLk; Fh;Md; - kw;nwhU ,lj;jpy; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;L trdq;fSk; Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?. kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij mwptpapy; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?. 15. ,uz;L fpof;FfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfSf;Fk; nrhe;jf;fhud; ,iwtd; vd;W Fh;Mdpy; xU trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. xU fpof;F - xU Nkw;F khj;jpuNk cs;s epiyapy; ,uz;L fpof;FfisAk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfisAk; mwptpay; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?. 16. Fh;Mdpd; cs;s xU Fwpg;gpl;l trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. kw;nwhU trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Ik;gjhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Md; jdf;Fj; jhNd Kuz;gLfpwNj. rhpah? 17. Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; i\j;jhd; xU kyf;F ,dk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak; f/Gtpy; i\j;jhd; xU [pd; ,dk; vd;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghlhz trdq;fs; ,Ug;gJ rhpah?. 18. gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpapd; fUj;Jg;gb Fh;Mdpy; jtwhd fzf;Ftiffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Fh;Mdpy; cs;s ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahj;jpd; 11Mk; kw;Wk; 12 Mk; trdj;jpd;gb thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhy; - gphpj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;glf; $ba nrhj;J xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhf tUfpwJ. vdNt Fh;Mid mUspatUf;F fzf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhkh?. 19. Fh;Mdpd; Vuhskhd ,lq;fspy; my;yh`; kpf;f fUizahsd;. kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; fLikahd jz;lidfs; cz;Lk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,iwtd; kd;dpg;ghsdh? ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh?. 20. ,iwtd;> “fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld;. MfNt mth;fs; tprthrk; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;" vd;fpwhd;. nra;jpfis Ghpe;J nfhz;L - tpRthrk; nfhs;tjw;F fhuzkhf miktJ - kdpjdpd; %isNaj; jtpu - kdpjdpd; ,jak; my;y vd;gJ ,d;iwa mwptpay; ekf;F fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;. NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdk; mwptpay; cz;ikf;F KuzhdJ ,y;iyah?. Nfs;tp vz; 1. Fh;Md; K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fshy; vOjg;gl;lJ. cz;ik?

mJ ,iw Ntjky;y vd;gJ jhNd

gjpy;: tpiutpy;. Nfs;tp vz; 2. Fh;Mdpd; gy gpujpfs; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy; vhpf;fg;gl;lJ. Fh;Md; ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;ljy;y. khwhf c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy; njhFg;gl;l gpujpjhNd jw;NghJs;s Fh;Md;? gjpy;: ,];yhj;jpd; %d;whtJ fypgh c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gl;l gy Fh;Mdpd; gpujpfis njhFj;J xNu Fh;Mdhf cUthf;fg; gl;lJjhd; ,d;iwa mUs;kiw 3

vd;gJ> Fh;Mid gw;wp cyTfpd;w fl;Lf;fijfspy; xd;W. ve;j mUs;kiw K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lNjh mNj mUs;kiwjhd;> ,];yhkpa cyfj;jpduhy; nghpJk; Nghw;wp kjpf;fg;gLk; my;yh`;tpd; Ntjkhf ,d;Wk; ,t;Tyfpy; jpfo;fpd;wJ. ,d;iwf;F ,Uf;Fk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l xd;W. fl;Lf;fijf;fhd MzpNth; vJ vd;W ehk; ,g;NghJ Ma;T nra;Nthk;. 1.

my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo; njhFf;fg;gl;L> mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fTk; gl;lJjhd; ,d;iwf;F ek;kpilNa vOj;J tbtpy; ,Uf;Fk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs;; my;yh`;thy; mz;zy; egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fSf;F ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lTld;> mjid mth;fs; kddk; nra;J nfhs;thh;fs;. gpd;dh; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Md; trdq;fis jdJ Njhoh;fs; midtUf;Fk; njhptpj;J> jdJ Njhoh;fisAk; kddk; nra;J nfhs;sr; nra;thh;fs;. mj;Jld; my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Md; trdq;fis jdJ Njhoh;fis nfhz;L vOjpf;nfhs;sTk; nra;thh;fs;. vOjpf;nfhz;l trdq;fis rhpahdJjhdh vd;W kPz;Lk; gyKiw cWjp nra;J nfhs;thh;fs;. my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; (Ummi) vOjTk;> gbf;fTk; njhpahjth;fs;. vdNtjhd; ,iwtdhy; mUs;kiw trdq;fs; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJk; - me;j trdq;fis jdJ Njhoh;fSf;F njhptpg;ghh;fs;. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Njhoh;fSk; egpfshy; njhptpf;fg;gl;l ,iwkiw trdq;fis vOjpitj;Jf; nfhs;thh;fs;. jk; Njhoh;fshy; vOjpitf;fg;gl;l trdq;fis kPz;Lk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; - jk; Njhoh;fis thrpf;ff; nrhy;yp Nfl;L rhpahdJjhdh vd;gij cWjpnra;J nfhs;thh;fs;. mt;thW vOjg;gl;ljpy; jtWfs; VNjDk; ,Ue;jhy; mjid cldabahf jpUj;jp vOjr; nrhy;yp - me;j jtWfisAk; jpUj;jpf; nfhs;thh;fs;. mNjNghd;W jk; Njhoh;fshy; kddk; nra;ag;gl;l trdq;fSk; - jk; Njhoh;fshy; vOjg;gl;l trdq;fSk; rhpahdJ jhdh vd;gij - Nkw;gb trdq;fis kddk; nra;j jk;; Njhoh;fis Xjr; nrhy;yp mjidiAk; cWjp nra;J nfhs;thh;fs;. ,t;thwhf my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; mz;zy; egp K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo; my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdhf njhFf;fg;gl;lJ. 2.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahaq;fSk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F mUsg;gl;lJ.

trdq;fSk;>

my;yh`;thy;

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F ,Ugj;J ,uz;liu Mz;L fhyq;fspy; mtrpak; Vw;gLk; Nghnjy;yhk; rpwpJ> rpwpjhf ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ. Fh;Mdpa trdq;fs; mJ ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l fhy thpirg;gb (Chronological) njhFf;fg;gltpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahaq;fSk; me;j mj;jpahaq;fSf;F cz;lhd trdq;fSk; my;yh`;thy; - thdth; Nfhkhd; - [pg;hpy; (miy) mth;fs; %yk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdq;fis vg;Nghnjy;yhk; egp (]y;) mth;fs; jdJ Njhoh;fSf;F mwtpf;fpwhh;fNsh> mg;Nghnjy;yhk; me;j Fh;Mdpa trdk; ve;j mj;jpahaj;ijr; rhh;e;jJ> me;j mj;jpahaj;jpd; ve;j trdj;jpw;F mLj;Js;s trdk; vd;gijnay;yhk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; jdJ Njhoh;fSf;F mwptpg;ghh;fs;. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; tUlj;jpd; xt;nthU ukyhd; khjj;jpYk;> me;j tUlk; KOtJk; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdq;fis thdth; Nfhkhd; - [pg;hpy; (miy) mth;fsplk; - trdq;fspd; thpirf;fpukq;fisAk;> rhpahd trdq;fs; jhdh vd;gijAk; cWjpgLj;jpf; nfhs;thh;fs;. egp (]y;) mth;fs; capNuhbUe;j filrp Mz;by; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; KOtJk; rhpahdJjhdh vd;W ,uz;L Kiw rhpghh;f;fg;gl;lJ. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l Kiwfs; %yk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) capNuhbUe;j fhyj;jpNyNa - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; vOj;J tbtKk;- mUs;kiw Fh;Mid kddk; nra;j Njhoh;fspd; kdg;ghl tbtKk; - egpfshhpd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpd; fPo; rhpghh;f;fg;gl;L - njhFf;fTk; gl;lJ vd;gjw;F Nkw;fz;l tpsf;fq;fs; rhd;whf mike;Js;sd. 4

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; xU nghJthd tbtpy; gpujpnaLf;fg;gl;lJ.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; mjd; rhpahd thpirf; fpukg;gb ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; Jz;L Jz;lhd Njhy;fspYk;> jl;ilahd fy; Jz;LfspYk;> kug; gl;ilfspYk;> NghPj;j kuj;jpd; fpisfspYk;> kw;WKs;s kuf; fpisfpYk; jdpj;jdpahf vOjg;gl;bUe;jJ. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF Ml;rp nghWg;Ngw;Wf; nfhz;l Kjy; fyP/gh mg+gf;fh; (uyp) mth;fs;> gy nghUl;fspYk; jdpj;jdpahf vOjg;gl;L ,Ue;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis> xNu ,lj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk;gbahf jhs; (Sheets) Nghd;w xU nghJthd nghUspy; - vOJk;gb gzpj;jhh;fs;. mt;thW gy nghUl;fspy; vOjg;gl;L ,Ue;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis jhs; Nghd;w nghUspy; vOjp - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; nkhj;jj; njhFg;Gfs; vJTk; - rpjwpg;Ngha; tplf;$lhJ vd;gjw;fhf mjidg; ghJfhg;ghf itj;jhh;fs;. 4.

c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; xNu nghUspy; njhFj;J vOjg;gl;bUe;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mid gpujp vLf;Fk; gzpia Nkw;nfhz;lhh;fs;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; jk; ehthy; nkhopAk; Nghnjy;yhk;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Njhoh;fs; mjid jhkhfNt vOjp itj;Jf; nfhs;thh;fs;. mt;thW Njhoh;fshy; vOjp itf;fg;gl;l trdq;fspy; egp (]y;) mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fg;glhj trdq;fSk; cz;L. mt;thW egp (]y;) mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fg;glhj trdq;fspy; jtWfs; ,Uf;f tha;g;Gfs; ,Uf;fyhk;. jtpu mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fs; nrhd;d mUs;kiw trdq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; - vy;yh egpj;Njhoh;fSk; Neubahf Nfl;bUf;ff; $ba tha;g;Gfs; FiwT. Mjyhy; rpy egpj; Njhoh;fs; - rpy trdq;fis jtw tplf; $ba re;jh;g;gq;fs; Vw;g;gl;bUf;fyhk; vd;gd Nghd;w tpthjq;fs;> ,];yhkpa murpd; %d;whtJ fyP/gh c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jpUe;j ,];yhkpah;fspilNa cUthdJ. Nkw;gb tpthjq;fSf;F Kw;Wg; Gs;sp itf;f tpUk;gpa c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs;> mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fshy; rhpghh;f;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mid> mg;NghJ capNuhbUe;j mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; md;G kidtpahh; `/g;]h (uyp) mth;fsplkpUe;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;lhh;fs;. ngw;Wf; nfhz;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mid - egp (]y;) mth;fs; Fh;Mdpa trdq;fs; mUsg;gl;l nghnjy;yhk; jk; Njhoh;fSf;F nrhy;Yk; nghOJ - mjid vOjp itj;Jf; nfhz;l Njhoh;fspy; ehd;F Ngiu Njh;T nra;J - Njh;T nra;ag;gl;lth;fspy; i]a;j; gpd; jhgpj; (uyp) mth;fspd; jiyikapy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ,d;Dk; rpwe;j Kiwapy; gpujpnaLf;fr; nra;jhh;fs;. mt;thW gpujpnaLf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Md; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fshy; ,];yhkpa ikaq;fSf;F mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;lJ. jtpu mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j egpj;Njhoh;fs; jq;fsplk; rpyh; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis itj;jpUe;jhh;fs;. mt;thW itj;jpUe;j trdq;fspy; rpy Kw;wpYk; g+h;j;jpahfj trdq;fSk; - vOj;Jg;gpioAs;s trdq;fSk; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,jd; fhuzj;jhy; c];khd; (uyp) mth;fs;> egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;glhj trdq;fs; vJTk; kf;fsplk; ,Ue;jhy;> mjid mopj;JtpLk;gb kf;fSf;F Ntz;LNfhs; tpLj;jhh;fs;. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gpujpfs; ,uz;L ,g;NghJk; gy ehLfshf rpjWz;L Nghd u\;ahtpd; jiyefh; jh\;fz;by; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpYk;> JUf;fp ehl;bd; jiyefh; ,];jhd;Gy;ypy; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpYk; nghJkf;fspd; ghh;itf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 5.

mugp nkhopia rhpahd Kiwapy; cr;rhpf;f Ntz;b mugp nkhop my;yhjth;fSf;fhf gphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfs; Nrh;f;fg;gl;lJ.

mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; - mugp nkhop my;yhjth;fSk; - mugp nkhopia rhpahd Kiwapy; cr;rhpf;f Ntz;b - gphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfs; Nrh;f;fg;glhky; ,Ue;jJ. ,f;FwpaPLfis - /gj;M - jk;kh - f];uh vd;W mugp nkhopapYk;> ]gh; - N]h; - Ng\; vd;W cUJ nkhopapYk; miog;ghh;fs;. mugp nkhop 5

mugpah;fspd; jha;nkhop vd;gjhy; - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis rhpahd Kiwapy; cr;rhpj;J XJtjw;F - mugpah;fSf;F Nkw;gb FwpaPLfs; Njitapy;iy. Mdhy; mugp nkhopiaj; jha; nkhopahf nfhz;buhjth;fSf;F - Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fis rhptu Xj Ntz;Lnkdpy; Nkw;gb FwpaPLfs; mtrpak;. Nkw;gb FwpaPLfs; `p[;hp 66-86 tiu (fp;. gp. 685 Kjy; 705 tiu) Ml;rp Ghpe;j - cikahj; - fhyj;jpd; Ie;jhtJ fyP/gh - khypf; mh;-u`;khd; vd;gtuhy; my;-`[;[h[; vd;gth; <uhf;fpy; fth;duhf ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; ,izf;fg;gl;lJ. jw;NghJ ek;kpilNa ,Uf;Fk; mUs;kiw gphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfis nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. Mdhy; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; Neub fz;fhzpg;gpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiwapy; ,t;thwhd FwpaPLfs; ,y;iy vd;w fhuzj;jhy; Fh;Mdpy; NtWghLfs; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;W rpyh; thjplyhk;. mt;thW thjpLNthh;fs; “Fh;Md;> vd;w thh;j;ijf;F “ XJjy; vd;w nghUs; cz;L vd;gij mwpahjth;fs;. vdNt Fh;Mid mjd; trdq;fspd; cr;rhpg;G khwhky; XJtJjhd; ,q;F Kf;fpaNkj; jtpu> vOj;Jf;fNsh my;yJ gphpj;jwpaf; $ba FwpaPLfNsh my;y. mugp thh;j;ijfspd; cr;rhpg;G rhpahdjhf ,Uf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;> mjd; mh;j;jq;fSk; rhpahdjhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. 6.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ghJfhg;gjhf my;yh`; thf;FWjpaspf;fpwhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gjpide;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `p[;hpd; xd;gjhtJ trdj;jpy; my;yh`; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid mtNd ghJfhg;gjhf $Wfpd;whd;:

'epr;rakhf ehk; jhd; (epidt+l;Lk;) ,t;Ntjj;ij (ck;kPJ) ,wf;fp itj;Njhk;. epr;rakhf ehNk mjd; ghJfhtydhfTk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;." (mj;jpahak; 15 ]_uj;Jy; `p[;h; 9tJ trdk;) Nfs;tp vz;:

fh/gPh;fis fz;l ,lj;jpy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis nfhiy nra;Aq;fs; vd;W nrhd;djpd; %yk; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;Ltjhf ,y;iyah? gjpy;: ,];yhk; td;Kiwia J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; vd;Dk; fl;Lf; fijia epiyepWj;j Ntz;b mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; xUrpy Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l trdq;fis jtWjyhf Ghpe;J nfhz;L ,];yhkpah;fSf;F - ,];yhk; my;yhjth;fis nfhy;yr;nrhy;yp tw;GWj;Jtjhf nrhy;fpwhh;fs;. 1.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk;:

,];yhj;ij tpkhprpg;gth;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; njsghtpd; 05tJ trdj;jpd; xU gFjpia khj;jpuk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf fhl;Lfpwhh;fs;.

'K\;hpf;Ffis (,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gth;fisAk;> ,iw kWg;ghsh;fisAk;) fz;l ,lq;fspy; ntl;Lq;fs;" vd;fpw trdk;jhd; mJ. 2.

Nkw;gb trdk; Nghh;r; #oypy; nrhy;yg;gLfpw trdk;:

,];yhj;ij tpkhprpg;gth;fs; - Nkw;gb trdk; ve;j #oypy; nrhy;yg;gl;lJ vd;gij trjpahf kwe;J tpl;L - tpkhprdk; nra;fpwhh;fs;. Nkw;gb trdk; vjdhy; - ve;j #o;epiyapy; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gij njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkdpy;> - Nkw;gb mj;jpahaj;jpd; Kjyhk; trdj;jpypUe;J gbf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb trdk; kf;fhtpy; cs;s ,];yhkpah;fSf;Fk; 6

- ,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gth;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; Vw;gl;l rkhjhd xg;ge;jk; gw;wp njhptpf;fpd;wJ. Nkw;gb xg;ge;jk; kf;fhtpy; cs;s ,iz itg;gth;fshy; kPwg;gl;lJ. vdNt kPwg;gl;l xg;ge;jj;ij rhp nra;a Ntz;b ,iztg;gth;fSf;F ehd;F khj fhyk; mtfhrk; mspf;fg;gl;lJ. ,y;iynadpy; mth;fs; kPJ Nghh; njhLf;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ:

mj;jpahak;

]{uj;Jj;

njsghtpd;

05tJ

trdk;

'Nghh; tpyf;fg;gl;l rq;ifkpf;f khjq;fs; (ehd;F khjq;fs;) fope;J tpl;lhy; K\;hpf;Ffis fz;l ,lq;fspy; ntl;Lq;fs;. mth;fis gpbAq;fs;. mth;fis Kw;WifapLq;fs;. xt;nthU gJq;Fkplj;jpYk; mth;fis Fwpitj;J cl;fhh;e;jpUq;fs;. Mdhy; mth;fs; (kde;jpUe;jp> jk; ghtq;fspypUe;J) jt;gh nra;J kPz;L> njhOifiaAk; filgpbj;J> (Vio thpahfpa) [fhj;Jk; (Kiwg;gbf;) nfhLj;J tUthh;fshdhy; (mth;fis) mth;fs; topapy; tpl;L tpLq;fs;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; kpf;f kd;dpg;NghdhfTk;> fpUigAila tdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 9 ]_uj;Jj; jt;gh - 5tJ trdk;) Nkw;gb trdk; xU Nghh;r; #oypy; nrhy;yg;gLfpd;wJ. 3.

mnkhpf;f - tpal;ehk; Nghh; - Xh; cjhuzk;:

mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; tpal;ehkpw;Fk; ,ilNa Nghh; ele;j nra;jp ehk; mditUk; mwpe;j xd;W. mt;thW Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjpNah my;yJ mnkhpf;f uhZtj; jsgjpNah> mnkhpf;f tPuh;fsplk; - “vq;nfy;yhk; ePq;fs; tpal;ehk;fhuh;fis fhz;fpwPh;fNsh - mth;fis nfhy;Yq;fs;> vd;W cj;jutpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Nkw;gb Nghh;r; #oiyg; gw;wp Fwpg;gplhky; - jdpNa “'vq;nfy;yhk; ePq;fs; tpal;ehk; fhuh;fis fhz;fpwPh;fNsh - mth;fis nfhy;Yq;fs;" vd;W nrhd;djhf nrhd;dhy; - ehk; mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjpiaNah my;yJ mnkhpf;f uhZtj; jsgjpiaNah kpfg;nghpa nfhiyahsp vd;Wjhd; vz;zj; Njhd;Wk;. khwhf mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; - tpal;ehkpw;Fk; ,ilNa Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUe;j nghOJ mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp Nkw;fz;lthW nrhd;dhh; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;lhy; mJ mwpT g+h;tkhfj; Njhd;Wk;. mnkhpf;f [dhjpgjp> mnkhpf;f uhZt tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa %l;Ltjw;fhf mt;thW nrhd;dhh; vd;Wk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. 4. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk; ,];yhkpa Nghh; tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa %l;Ltjw;fhf nrhy;yg;gl;lNj.! mJNghyNt mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; xd;gJ ]{uj;Jj; njsghtpd; Ie;jhtJ trdk; ,];yhkpa Nghh; tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa %l;Ltjw;fhf nrhy;yg;gl;lJ. Nghh; elf;Fk; nghOJ vjphpfis fz;L gae;J tplhjPh;fs;. mth;fis ntl;b tPo;j;Jq;fs; vd;w ,];yhkpa Nghh; tPuh;fSf;F ijhpa%l;LfpwJ - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk;. 5.

mUz; #hp Ie;jhtJ trdj;jpypUe;J 7tJ trdj;jpw;F jhtp tpLfpwhh;:

,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp tpkhprpg;gijNa tof;fkhff; nfhz;lth; ,e;jpahtpd; gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz; #hp. mth; vOjpAs;s “ '/gj;th cyfk;" (The World of Fatwah) vd;fpw Gj;jfj;jpd; 572 tJ gf;fj;jpy; mUs;kiwapd; Nkw;gb trdj;ijr; Rl;bf; fhl;bAs;shh;. Ie;jhtJ trdj;ij Rl;bf;fhl;bAs;s mth; cldbahf VohtJ trdj;jpw;F jhtp tpLfpwhh;. ,jd; %yk; gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz; #hp Ie;Jf;Fk; VOf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s 6tJ trdj;ij tpl;Ltpl;lhh; vd;gJ mwpTs;s ve;j kdpjUk; Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;. 6. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jt;ghtpd; 6tJ trdk; Nkw;gb fl;Lf;fij cz;ikay;y vd;gij njspthf czh;j;JfpwJ. 7

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; xd;gjhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jt;ghtpd; MwhtJ trdk; ,];yhk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; ,y;iy vd;gij njspthf czh;j;JfpwJ. mUs;kiw trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $WfpwJ.

'(egpNa!) K\;hpf;Ffspy; ahNuDk; ck;kplk; Gfyplk; Njb te;jhy;> my;yh`;Tila trdq;fis mth; nrtpNaw;Fk; tiuapy; mtUf;F mgakspg;gPuhf!. mjd;gpd; mtiu ghJfhg;G fpilf;Fk; NtW ,lj;jpw;F (gj;jpukhf) mDg;GtPuhf. Vndd;why; mth;fs; epr;rakhf mwpahj r%fj;jpduhf ,Uf;fpwhh;fs;."(mj;jpahak; 9 ]_uj;Jj; jt;gh 6tJ trdk;)

mUs;kiw Fh;Md;> Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ ,iwtDf;F ,izitg;gth;fs; cq;fsplk; Gfyplk; NjLthh;fs; vdpy;> mth;fSf;F mgakspAq;fs; vd;W nrhy;tNjhL epd;W tplhky;> mth;fs; xU ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;jpw;F nrd;wilAk; tiu mtUf;F ghJfhg;gspAq;fs; vd;Wk; typAWj;JfpwJ. ,d;iwa etehfhPf cyfj;jpy; mikjpia tpUk;Gk; xU uhZtj; jsgjpahf ,Ue;jhy; - Nghh; ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ> vjphp uhZt tPuh;fis kd;dpj;J tpl;Ltplyhk;. Mdhy; ve;j uhZt jsgjp vjphp uhZt tPuh;fis> mth;fs; xU ghJfhg;ghd ,lj;ijr; nrd;wilAk;tiu mth;fSf;F ghJfhg;G mspf;fr; nrhy;yp cj;jutpl;bUf;fpwhh;? ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; td;KiwiaAk; - ,uj;jk; rpe;JtijAk; - %h;f;fj;jdj;ijAk; J}z;lf; $ba khh;f;fk; ,y;iy. mikjpiaAk; - rkhjhdj;ijAk; tpUk;gf;$ba khh;f;fk; vd;gij Nkw;$wpa Fh;Mdpa trdj;jpypUe;J mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 4 Fh;Mdpy; ,iwtd; nrhy;tjhf tUk; ,lq;fspy; vy;yhk; “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;w gd;ikahd nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt ,];yhk; gy nja;t nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;if cilajhf Njhd;WfpNj. ,J rhpah?. gjpy;: ,];yhk; Xhpiwf; nfhs;ifia mbg;gilahf nfhz;l khh;f;fk;. tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpatd; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtW ,y;iy vd;fpw nfhs;ifapy; ve;jtpj khWghLk; ,d;wp nray;gl;L tuf; $ba khh;f;fk; ,];yhk;. my;yh`; xUtNd. mtDf;nfd;W jdpj;jd;ikfs; cz;L vd;w ek;gpf;ifapy; ve;jtpj khw;wKkpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`; jd;idg;gw;wp Fwpg;gpLk;nghOJ “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;fpw thh;j;ijia gad; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. mt;thW “'ehk;" my;yJ “'ehq;fs;" vd;fpw thh;j;ijia gad; gLj;Jtjhy; ,];yhk; gy nja;tf; nfhs;ifia cilaJ vd;fpw thjk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl Kbahj thjkhFk;. ,uz;L tpjkhd gd;ikfs; xt;nthU nkhopapYk; ,uz;L tpjkhd gd;ikfs; cs;sd. xd;W -vz;zpf;ifapy; my;yJ mstpy; xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l nghUs;fs; cz;nldpy; mjid 'gd;ik" vd;gJk;> xU kdpjUf;F mspf;ff; $ba 'khpahijg; gd;ik" vd;Wk; ,uz;L tifahd gd;ikfs; cs;sd. 1)

cjhuzj;jpw;F Mq;fpy nkhopapy; - ,q;fpyhe;J ehl;bd; uhzp jd;idg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; nghOJ “I vd;W Fwpg;gplhky; “We vd;W Fwpg;gpLthh;. ,jw;F “khpahijg; gd;ik (Royal Plural) vd;W ngah;.

,we;J Nghd ,e;jpahtpd; Kd;dhs; gpujkh; uh[Pt; fhe;jp `pe;jpapy; NgRk; nghOnjy;yhk; “'`k; Njf;dh [hj;jh i`" “'ehk; ghh;f;f tpUk;GfpNwhk;" vd;W ciuahw;Wtij tof;fkhff; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. ,q;Fk; “'`Nk" vd;fpw `pe;jp 8

thh;j;ijf;F “'ehk;" vd;W nghUshFk;. “'`Nk" vd;fpw `pe;jp thh;j;ijia - `pe;jp nkhopapy; cs;s khpahijg; gd;ikf;F cjhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;. 3)

mJ NghyNt my;yh`;> jd;idg; gw;wp mUs;kiwapy; Fwpg;gpLk; nghOJ “'e`;D" (ehk; my;yJ ehq;fs; vd;w nghUs;) vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j thh;j;ijf;F xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;lJ vd;fpw mh;j;jj;jpy; tUfpd;w gd;ik my;y. khwhf khpahijg; gd;ikf;F gad;gLj;jf; $ba thh;j;ij.

Vfj;Jtk; my;yJ Xhpiwf; nfhs;if vd;gJ ,];yhj;jpd; mbg;gil J}z;fspy; xd;W. my;yh`; xUtNd ,Uf;fpd;whd;. mtdJ jd;ikfs; jdpj;jit. jdpj;jd;ik tha;e;jit vd;fpw trdq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; gyKiw nrhy;yg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; E}w;Wg; gd;dpnuz;L ]{uj;Jy; ,f;yh]pd; Kjy; trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'(egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf!. my;yh`; - mtd; xUtNd.!(mj;jpahak; 112 ]_uj;Jy; ,f;yh]; - 1tJ trdk;)

Nkw;fz;l mUs;kiwapd; trdj;jpypUe;J ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; Xhpiwf; nfhs;iff;F chpa khh;f;fk; vd;gij njspthfj; njhpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 05 ',iwtNd kdpjidg; gilj;jhd;" vd;fpw Fh;Mdpd; $w;W “'kdpjd; Njhd;wpdhd;" vd;fpw “'lhh;tpd; tpjpf;F" Kuz;ghlhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?

Fuq;fpypUe;J

gjpy;: tpiutpy; Nfs;tp vz;: 06 ,];yhkpah;fs; “'tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" apy; ek;gpf;ifAs;sth;fs;. (Fh;Mdpy; Kjypy; mUsg;gl;l trdq;fis tpl;L tpl;L> mjw;F gpd;G mUsg;gl;l trdq;fspy; ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ). ,t;thW nra;tJ> ,iwtd; jtwhf xU trdj;ij ,wf;fptpl;Lg; gpd;dh; NtW xU trdj;jpd; %yk; nra;j jtwpid jpUj;jpf;nfhs;tJ Nghy; njhpatpy;iyah?. gjpy;: tpj;jpahrkhd ,uz;L nghUs; nfhs;sy;: mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 106tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ:

'VNjDk; xU trdj;ij ehk; khw;wpdhy; my;yJ kwf;fr; nra;jhy; mijtpl rpwe;jijNah my;yJ mJ Nghd;wijNah ehk; nfhz;L tUNthk;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; midj;Jg; nghUl;fspd; kPJk; rf;jpAs;std; vd;gij ePh; mwpatpy;iyah?." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 106tJ trdk;) Nkw;gb trdj;jpw;F mzpNrh;f;Fk; tifapy; mUs;kiwapd; gjpdhwhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; e`;ypd; 101 tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

'(egpNa!) ehk; xU trdj;ij kw;nwhU trdj;jpd; ,lj;jpy; khw;wpdhy; (ck;kplk;) “ ''epr;rakhf ePh; ,l;Lf;fl;Lgtuhf ,Uf;fpd;wPh;"" vd;W mth;fs; $Wfpwhh;fs;. v(e;j Neuj;jpy; v)ij ,wf;f Ntz;Lnkd;gij my;yh`;Nt 9

ed;fwpe;jtd;. vdpDk; mth;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhh; khl;lhh;fs;." (mj;jpahak; 16 ]_uj;Jd; e`;y; - 101tJ trdk;)

,t;Tz;ikia

mwpa

Nkw;fz;l ,uz;L trdq;fspYk; 'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ij gad; gLj;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb “'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “',iwtdpd; mj;jhl;rpfs;" vd;Wk; ',iwtrdq;fs;" vd;Wk; “',iw Ntjq;fs;" vd;Wk; mh;j;jk; nfhs;syhk;. mUs;kiwapd; ,uz;lhk; mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 106 tJ trdj;jpw;F ehk; ,U tpjq;fspy; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s “'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F ,iwNtjq;fs; vd;W a. nghUs; nfhz;lhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;LNkj; jtpu> mUs; kiw Fh;MDf;F Kd;gpUe;j Ntjq;fshd jt;uhj; - ,d;[Py; - [g+h; Ntjq;fs; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;sf; $lhJ. Fh;MDf;F Ke;ija Ntjq;fshd jt;uhj; - ,d;[Py; - [g+h; Nghd;w Ntjq;fs; kwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;Sjy; $lhJ. khwhf mitfSf;Fr; rkkhd my;yJ mitfistplr; rpwe;j Ntjkhd Fh;Mid mUspapUf;fpwhd; vd;Wjhd; nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. b.

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s “'Maj;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F ,iw trdq;fs; vd;W nghUs; nfhz;lhy;> Nkw;gb trdq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s trdq;fs; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;LNkj; jtpu> mUs; kiw Fh;MDf;F Kd;dhy; mUsg;gl;l Ntjq;fshd jt;uhj; - ,d;[Py; - [g+h; - Ntjq;fspy; cs;s trdq;fs; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;sf; $lhJ. NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; vJTk; my;yh`;thy; tof;fpypUe;J tpl;nlhopf;fg;gl;L tpl;ljhf fUjf; $lhJ. khwhf Nkw;gb trdq;fSf;F rkkhf my;yJ Nkw;gb trdq;fis tplr; rpwe;j trdq;fis mUspapUg;gjhfj;jhd; nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Kd;dh; ,wf;fg;gl;l trdq;fSf;F rkkhf my;yJ mijtpl rpwe;j trdk; gpd;dh; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;ljhfj;jhd; nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

K];ypk;fspYk;> K];ypk; my;yhj khw;W kjj;jth;fspYk; gyNgh; Nkw;gb trdq;fSf;F nghUs; nfhs;Sk; NghJ> xU tp\aj;ijg; gw;wp Gjpa trdq;fs; ,wf;fg;gLk; NghJ me;j tp\ak; rk;ge;jkhf Kd;dhy; ,wf;fg;gl;l trdq;fs; tof;fpypUe;J tpl;nlhopf;fg; glNtz;Lk; vd jtwhd fUj;Jf;fis nfhz;Ls;sdh;. Ke;ija trdq;fs; ,d;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpw;Fg; nghUe;jhJ vd;Wk;> gioa trdq;fSf;Fr; rkkhf my;yJ> ,d;Dk; rpwg;gpw;Fhpa Gjpa trdq;fs; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;ljhy; Ke;ija trdq;fis tof;fpypUe;J tpl;L tpl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw jtwhd fUj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,d;Dk; Ke;ija trdq;fs; - Gjpjhf ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdq;fNshL Kuz;gLfpd;wJ vd;fpw jtwhd fUj;ijAk; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,t;thW ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdq;fis rpytw;iw cjhuzq;fNshL ehk; Ma;T nra;Nthk;. 2. KO Fh;Midg; Nghd;w xd;iwNah my;yJ Fh;Mdpy; gj;J mj;jpahaq;fis Nghd;wtw;iwNah my;yJ xNu xU mj;jpahaj;ijg; Nghd;Nwh nfhz;L tUkhW gzpj;jy;. ,];yhj;ij vjph;j;J te;j mugpfspy; xU rpyh; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; my;yh`;tpd; Ntjky;y. khwhf mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W Fw;wk; Rkj;jp te;jdh;. mt;thW Fw;wk; Rkj;jp te;j mugpfSf;F rthy; tpLk; tpjkhf> my;yh`; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; fPof;fz;l trdj;ij ,wf;fpaUspdhd;:

',e;j Fh;Mid Nghd;w xd;iwf; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhf kdpjh;fSk;> [pd;fSk; xd;W Nrh;e;J (Kad;W)> mth;fspy; rpyh; rpyUf;F cjtp Ghpgth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;> ,J Nghd;w xd;iw mth;fs; nfhz;L tu KbahJ> vd;W (egpNa!) ePh; $Wk;." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 17 ]{uj;Jy; gdP ,];yhaPy; - 88tJ trdk;.) Fw;wk; Rkj;jp te;j mugpfSf;F rthy; tpl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk;> fPo;f;fz;l trdj;jpd; %yk; rthiy ,d;Dk; vspjhf;FfpwJ.

'my;yJ “ ,(t; Ntjj;)ij mth; ngha;ahff; fw;gid nra;J nfhz;lhu;! vd;W mth;fs; $Wfpwhh;fsh? “ (mg;gbahdhy;) ePq;fSk; ,ijg;Nghd;w fw;gid nra;ag;gl;l gj;J mj;jpahaq;fis nfhz;L thUq;fs; - ''ePq;fs; cz;ikahsuhf ,Ue;jhy;! my;yh`;itj; jtph;j;J cq;fSf;Fr; rhj;jpakhd vy;NyhiuANk (,jw;Fj; Jiz nra;a) mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;"" vd;W (egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf. (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 11 ]{uj;Jy; `{J - 13 tJ trdk;.) Fw;wk; Rkj;jpa mugpfSf;F> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; fPo;f;fz;l trdq;fspd; %yk; jdJ rthiy NkYk; vspjhf;FfpwJ.

',ij (ek; J}juhfpa) mth; fw;gid nra;J nfhz;lhh; vd mth;fs; $Wfpd;whh;fsh? (egpNa!) ePh; $Wk;: “ePq;fs; (cq;fs; $w;wpy;) cz;ikahsh;fshf ,Ue;jhy;> ,jpYs;sijg;Nghy; Xh; mj;jpahaj;ijf; nfhz;L thUq;fs;: my;yh`;itad;wp cq;fshy; rhj;jpakhdth;fis (cq;fSf;F cjtp nra;a) mioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;!"" vd;W. (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 10 ]{uj;Jy; A+D]; - 38 tJ trdk;.)

',d;Dk;> (K`k;kJ (]y; vd;w) ek; mbahUf;F ehk; mUspAs;s (Ntjj;)jpy; ePq;fs; re;Njfk; cilNahuhf ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy;- (me;j re;Njfj;jpy;) cz;ik cilNahuhfTk; ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy; my;yh`;itj; jtpu cq;fs; cjtpahsh;fis (nay;yhk; xd;whf) mioj;J (itj;J)f; nfhz;L ,J Nghd;w Xh; mj;jpahaNkDk; nfhz;L thUq;fs;." 'mg;gb ePq;fs; nra;ahtpl;lhy; - mg;gbr; nra;a cq;fshy; jpz;zkhf KbahJ kdpjh;fisAk;> fw;fisAk; vhpnghUshff; nfhz;l euf neUg;ig mQ;rpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. (me;j neUg;G> ,iwtidAk;> mtd; Ntjj;ijAk; Vw;f kWf;Fk;) epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;fhNt mJ rpj;jg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ."“ (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 02 ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; - 23 - 24 tJ trdq;fs;.)

,t;thW my;yh`; ]{g;`hd`{tj;jhyh jdJ rthiy rpwpJ rpwpjhf vspjhf;Ffpwhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Kjypy; mUs;kiw gw;wp Fw;wk; Rkj;jpa mugpfSf;F - Fh;Midg; Nghd;W NtnwhU Ntjj;ij nfhz;L tUkhW gzpf;fpwJ. gpd;G Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W gj;J mj;jpahaq;fis nfhz;L tUkhW gzpf;fpwJ. filrpahf Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W xNu xU mj;jpahaj;ijNaDk; nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W gzpf;fpwJ. ,t;thW nfhz;L tUtjw;F fl;lisapl;ljd; %yk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 23 kw;Wk; 24 tJ trdq;fs; mjw;F Kd;Gs;s Kd;W trdq;fshd 17:88> 11:13> 10:38 Mfpa trdq;fNshL Kuz;gltp;y;iy. ,uz;L fUj;Jf;fs; my;yJ nray;fs; xd;Wf;nfhd;W khWgLk; epiyf;F - (mjhtJ ,uz;L nray;fs; my;yJ fUj;Jfs; xNu Neuj;jpy; nray;gl Kbahj epiyf;F) Kuz;ghL vd;W nghUs;. mUs; Kiw Fh;Mdpd; gjpNdohtJ mj;jpahaj;jpd; 88 tJ trdk; mjw;F gpd; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l kw;w trdq;fs; %ykhf khw;wg;gl;L tpl;lhYk;> me;j trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;tpd; thh;j;ijahf - mJ nrhy;Yk; nghUSf;F tpsf;fkhf -,d;Wk; epiyngw;Ws;sJ. me;j trdj;jpd; %yk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; tpLj;j rthy; ,d;iwf;Fk; epiyngw;W epw;fpwJ. mJNghyNt mjw;F gpd;dhy; cs;s trdq;fshd 11:13 kw;Wk; 10:38 Nghd;w trdq;fSk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; my;yh`;tpd; thh;j;ijfshf mitfs; nrhy;Yk; nghUSf;F tpsf;fkhf epiyngw;W epw;fpd;wd. ve;j trdj;jpd; nghUSk; ve;j trdj;jpd; nghUNshLk; Kuz;glhky; - mitfs; nrhy;yf; $ba nghUSf;F chpa epiyapy; epiyngw;W epw;fpd;wd. filrpapy; nrhy;yg;gl;l trdj;jpd; %yk; tplg;gl;l rthyhdJ Ke;ija trdq;fspd; %yk; tplg;gl;l rthiytpl vspjhdJ. ,t;thW filrp trdj;jpd; %yk; tplg;gl;l vspjhd rthNy ,d;Dk; 11

epiwNtw;wg; glhjNghJ> Ke;ija %d;W trdq;fspd; %yk; tplg;gl;l rthiy epiwNtw;WtJ vd;fpw nraYf;F ,lkpy;iy. cjhuzj;jpw;F - gbg;gpy; ke;jkhf cs;s xU khztidg; ghh;j;J - mtd; gj;jhtJ tFg;gpy; NjWtjw;F jFjpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. gpd;dh; mNj khztiug; ghh;j;J mth; Ie;jhtJ tFg;gpy; NjWtjw;F jFjpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. gpd;G mNj khztiug; ghh;j;J mth; Kjyhk; tFg;gpy; $lj; NjWtjw;F jFjpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. ,Wjpapy; mth; ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;F jFhpahdth; ,y;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. xU khztd; gs;spapy; Nru Ntz;Lnkdpy; Kjypy; ghyh; gs;spapy; Njw Ntz;Lk;. ehd; filrpahf nrhd;dJ vd;dntspy; - Nkw;gb ke;jkhd khztd; ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;W jFjpahdtd; ,y;iy vd;W nrhd;Ndd;. ehd; NkNy nrhd;d ehd;F thf;Ffspy; vJTk; - xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy vd;gij ed;whff; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,Wjpahf ehd; nrhd;d Nkw;gb ke;jkhd khztd; ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;W jFjpahdtd; ,y;iy vd;fpw thf;F khj;jpuk; Nkw;gb khztdpd; mwpTj; jpwid mwpe;J nfhs;s NghJkhdjhFk;. ghyh; gs;spapy; $lj; NjWtjw;F jFjpapy;yhj khztd; - Kjyhk; tFg;gpYk;> Ie;jhk; tFg;gpYk;> gj;jhk; tFg;gpYk; Njh;T ngWthd; vd;fpw nray;fSf;Nf ,lkpy;yhky; Ngha;tpLfpwJ. 3.

NghijA+l;Lk; kJit gbg;gbahf jilnra;jy;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Nkw;gb trdq;fSf;F NkYk; Xh; cjhuzk; Nghija+l;Lk; kJit gbg;gbahf jilnra;jy; rk;ge;jkhd trdq;fs; MFk;. fPo;f;fhZk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 219 tJ trdk; FbNghijia jilnra;tJ gw;wp ,wq;fpa Kjy; trdkhFk;.

'(egpNa!) kJ ghdj;ijAk;> #jhl;lj;ijAk; gw;wp mth;fs; ck;kplk; Nfl;fpd;wdh;: ePh; $Wk;: mt;tpuz;bYk; ngUk; ghtk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ: kdpjh;fSf;F (mtw;wpy; rpy) gyd;fSKz;L: Mdhy; mt;tpuz;bYk; cs;s ghtk;> mt;tpuz;bYk; cs;s gyidtplg; nghpJ." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 219tJ trdk;) Nghijia jil nra;tJ gw;wp ,uz;lhtjhf ,wf;fg;gl;l trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; dp\htpd; 43tJ trdkhFk;:

'ek;gpf;if nfhz;lth;fNs! ePq;fs; XJtJ ,d;dJ vd;W ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;s KbahjthW ePq;fs; Nghijapy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ njhOiff;F neUq;fhjPh;fs;." (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h 43tJ trdk;) Fb Nghijia jil nra;tJ gw;wp filrpahf ,wf;fg;gl;l trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 90 tJ trdkhFk;:

'ek;gpf;if nfhz;NlhNu! kJghdKk;> #jhl;lKk;> fw;rpiyfis topgLjYk;> mk;Gfs; vwpe;J Fwp Nfl;gJk;> i\j;jhdpd; mUtUf;fj; jf;fr; nray;fspYs;sitahFk;: MfNt ,tw;iw ePq;fs; jtph;j;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjdhy; ePq;fs; ntw;wpailtPh;fs;. " (mj;jpahak; 5 ]_uj;Jy; khapjh 90tJ trdk;) mUs;kiw Fh;Md; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; egpj;Jtk; ngw;w gpd;G> mth;fs; capNuhL tho;e;jpUe;j fhykhd ,Ugj;J ,uz;liu Mz;L fhyq;fspy; rpwpJ rpwpjhf ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ. mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; rKjhaj;jpy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l khw;wq;fs; ahTk; gbg;gbahf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. rKjhaj;jpy; jpBnud- vjph;ghuhj tpjj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; khw;wq;fs;> fyfk; my;yJ Fog;gk; tpistpf;f fhuzkhf mikayhk;. vdNt rKjhaj;jpy; nfhz;Ltug;gl;l khw;wq;fs; ahTk; gbg;gbahf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ 12

kJghdk; mUe;Jtij jil nra;Ak; trdq;fs; %d;W epiyfspy; nfhz;L tug;gl;lJ. KjyhtJ trdk; kJghd Nghijapy; ngUk; ghtKk;> rpy gad;fSk; cz;L. Mdhy; ghtkhdJ gyidtpl mjpfkhFk; vd;W czh;j;JfpwJ. kJghdk; mUe;Jtij jil nra;tJ gw;wp ,uz;lhtjhf ,wq;fpa trdk;> NghijNahL ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; njhOifia Nkw;nfhs;shjPh;fs; vd;W typAWj;JfpwJ. njhOk; fhyq;fspy; - Nghijapy; ,Uj;jy; jil nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij Rl;bf; fhl;Lk; trdk;> njhohj epiyapy; Nghijapy; ,Uf;fyhkh $lhjh vd;gJ gw;wp Fwpg;gplhky; tpl;L tpLfpwJ. Nghijapy; ,Uf;fyhkh? ,Uf;ff; $lhjh? vd;gJ gw;wp Fh;Md; Fwpg;gplhky; tpl;L tpLfpwJ. njhohj Neuq;fspy; Nghijapy; ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpl;L ,Ue;jhy;> mJ nrhd;d Ke;ija trdj;NjhL fz;bg;ghf Kuz;gl;bUf;Fk;. Mdhy; my;yh`; rhpahd thh;j;ijfis Njh;e;njLj;J mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ,wf;fpaUsp ,Uf;fpwhd;. vdNtjhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghLfNs ,y;iy. filrpahf vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; Nghijia jil nra;Ak; trdk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 90 trdj;jpd; %yk; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ. Nkw;Fwpg;gplg;gl;l %d;W trdq;fSk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy vd;gij ehk; njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W trdq;fSk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gl;lhy;> rkfhyj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l %d;W trdq;fisAk; ehk; gpd;gw;w Kbahky; NghapUf;Fk;. xU K];ypk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; midj;J trdq;fisAk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk; vd;wpUg;gjhy; Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l trdq;fspy; filrpahf ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l trdkhd Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 90 tJ trdj;ij gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. mNj rkak; mjw;F Kd;dhy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l ,uz;L trdq;fisAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sTk; Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F ehd; yh]; VQ;ry;]; efUf;F nrd;wjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. gpd;G ehd; fyp/Nghh;dpahtpw;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. filrpahf ehd; nrhy;fpNwd; ehd; mnkhpf;fhtpw;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpNwd;. Nkw;gb vdJ $w;Wf;fs; vJTk; xd;Wf;nfhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy. khwhf vdJ xt;nthU $w;Wk; mjpfkhd tpguq;fisj;jhd; jUfpd;wd. vdJ %d;whtJ $w;W Ke;ija vdJ ,uz;L $w;Wf;fisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. ,t;thwhf ehd; filrpahf nrhd;d - ehd; mnkhpf;fh nrd;wjpy;iy vd;w vdJ $w;W vdJ Ke;ija ,uz;L $w;Wf;fshd ehd; yh]; VQ;ry;]; efUf;F nrd;wjpy;iy vd;gijAk; ehd; fyp/Nghh;dpahtpw;Fk; nrd;wjpy;iy vd;gijAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. mJNghyNt> vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; NghjiAld; ,Ug;gJ jil nra;ag; gl;ljw;fhd trdk; ,wq;fpaTld;> njhOif Neuj;jpy; NghijAld; ,Ug;gJTk; jhdhfNt jil nra;ag; gl;Ltpl;lJ. jtpu NghijAld; ,Ug;gth;fSf;F cz;lhd “'NghijAld; ,Ug;gjpy; ed;ikia tpl jPikNa mjpfk;" - vd;fpw nra;jpAk; ,d;W tiu mopahj cz;ikahf tpsq;fp tUfpwJ. 4.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghLfNs ,y;iy.

NkNy Rl;bf; fhl;lg;ll trdq;fspy; “ 'tpl;nlhopf;Fk; tpjp" ia eilKiw gLj;jtjw;fhd rhj;jpaf; $WfNs ,y;iy. Vnddpy; NkNy Rl;bf; fhl;lg;gl;l trdq;fs; %d;iwAk; Vf fhyj;jpy; xd;whf gpd;gw;wp elf;ff; $ba rhj;jpaf; $WfNs mjpfkhf cs;sJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; my;yh`;thy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Ntjk; vd;gjhy; - mjpy; Kuz;ghLfis fhzKbahJ. Nkw;gb fUj;Jf;F Mjhukhf mUs; kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahk; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 82 tJ trdk; mike;Js;sij fhzyhk;: 'mth;fs; ,e;j Fh;Mid (ftdkhf) rpe;jpf;f Ntz;lhkh?. gpwhplkpUe;J te;jpUe;jhy;> ,jpy; Vuhskhd Kuz;ghLfis (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h 82tJ trdk;)

(,J) my;yh`; my;yhj mth;fs; fz;bUg;ghh;fs;."

Nfs;tp vz; 7. Fh;Mdpd; rpy mj;jpahaq;fs; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - vdTk; - `hkPk; vdTk; - ah]Pd; vdTk; Jtq;FfpwNj. ,e;j gjq;fspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d?. gjpy; : myp/g; - yhk; - kPk;> ah]Pd;> `hkPk; Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fSf;F mugpapy; “'my;-Kfj;jjj;" (RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs;) vd;W ngah;. mugp nkhopapy; nkhj;jk; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ (myp/g; kw;Wk; `k;]; vd;fpw vOj;Jf;fis ,uz;lhf fUjpdhy;) vOj;Jf;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. mNjNghy mUs; kiw Fh;MdpYk; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ mj;jpahaq;fs; Nkw;gb RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. ,t;thW RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; jdpj;Jk;> rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; ,uz;lhfTk;> rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; %d;W vOj;Jf;fshfTk;> rpy mj;jpahaq;fspy; ehd;F my;yJ Ie;J vOj;Jf;fshfTk; Nrh;e;J tUk;. mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; %d;W mj;jpahaq;fs; xNu xU vOj;jpid nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. i. ii. iii.

mj;jpahak; 38 ]{uj;J]; ]hj; - ]hj; vd;Dk; vOj;ijf; nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ. mj;jpahak; 50 ]{uj;Jy; /fh/g; - /fh/g; vd;Dk; vOj;ijf; nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ. mj;jpahak; 68 ]{uj;Jy; fyk; - E}d; vd;Dk; vOj;ijf; nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; gj;J mj;jpahaq;fs; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi. vii. viii. ix. x.

mj;jpahak; 20 Jtq;FfpwJ. mj;jpahak; 27 Jtq;FfpwJ. mj;jpahak; 36 Jtq;FfpwJ. mj;jpahak; 40 mj;jpahak; 41 mj;jpahak; 42 mj;jpahak; 43 mj;jpahak; 44 mj;jpahak; 45 mj;jpahak; 46

]{uj;Jj; jh`h

“jh - `h- vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L

]{uj;Jd; ek;y; “jh - ]Pd;- vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L ]{uj;Jy; ah]Pd; “ah - ]Pd; vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L ]{uj;Jy; K/kpd; ]{uj;J `hkPk; ][;jh ]{uj;Jy; m\;\{wh ]{uj;Jy; m[; [{f;U/g; ]{uj;Jj; Jfhd; ]{uj;Jy; [h]pah ]{uj;Jy; m`;fh/g;

Mfpa mUs;kiwapd; VO mj;jpahaq;fSk; “ `h - kPk; nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fis

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; gjpdhd;F mj;jpahaq;fs; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. mj;jpahak; ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; gfuh i. mj;jpahak; %d;W ]{uj;Jy; My ,k;uhd; ii. mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;J xd;gJ ]{uj;Jy; md;fg+j; iii. mj;jpahak; Kg;gJ ]{uj;Jy; &k; iv. mj;jpahak; Kg;gj;J xd;W ]{uj;Jy; Yf;khd; v. mj;jpahak; Kg;gj;J ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; ][;jh Mfpa MW mj;jpahaq;fSk; myp/g; vi. yhk; - kPk; vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. mj;jpahak; gj;J ]{uj;Jy; a+D]; vii. viii. mj;jpahak; gjpndhd;W ]{uj;Jy; `{j; 14

ix. x. xi. xii. xiii. xiv.

mj;jpahak; gd;dpnuz;L ]{uj;Jy; a+]{g; mj;jpahak; gjpd;%d;W ]{uj;Jy; uhj; mj;jpahak; gjpd;ehd;F ]{uj;Jy; ,g;wh`pk; mj;jpahak; gjpide;J ]{uj;Jy; `p[;h; Mfpa MW mj;jpahaq;fSk; myp/g; - yhk; uh vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;J MW ]{uj;Jy; m];]{uh mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;J vl;L ]{uj;Jy; f]]; Mfpa ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fSk; jh - ]Pd; kPk; vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; Jtq;Ffpd;wd.

,uz;L

mj;jpahaq;fs;

ehd;F

vOj;Jf;fis

nfhz;L

mj;jpahak; VO ]{uj;Jy; m/uhg; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - ]hj; vd;Dk; ehd;F vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ. mj;jpahak; vl;L ]{uj;Jy; md;/ghy; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - uh - vd;Dk; ehd;F vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;FfpwJ. mUs;kiwapd; fPo;f;fhZk; ,uz;L mj;jpahaq;fs; Ie;J vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. mj;jpahak; 19 ]{uj;Jy; kh;ak; fh/g; - `h- ah- ma;d;-]hj; - vd;Dk; Ie;J vOj;Jf;fis Jtq;Ffpd;wd. mj;jpahak; 42 ]{uj;Jy; m\;-\{wh- `h- kPk; - ma;d; -]Pd; - fh/g; - vd;Dk; Ie;J vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;L Jtq;Ffpd;wd. ,e;j Ie;J vOj;Jf;fSk; mj;jpahaj;jpd; ,uz;L trdq;fshd njhlh;e;J tUfpd;wd. mjhtJ `h- kPk; vd;Dk; ,uz;L vOj;Jf;fs; Kjy; trdkhfTk;> mjidj; mLj;J ma;d; -]Pd; - fh/g; -vd;Dk; %d;W vOj;Jf;fs; ,uz;lhtJ trdkhfTk; njhlh;fpd;wd. 2. RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;F cz;lhd tpsf;fk;: RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;fhd mh;j;jKk; Nehf;fKk; njsptpy;yhky; ,Ue;jhYk;> mUs;kiwapy; fhzg;gLk; RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;F ntt;Ntwhd gy tpsf;fq;fs; me;je;j fhyj;jpy; tho;e;J te;j khh;f;f mwpQh;fshy; mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mtw;wpy; rpytw;iw ,q;Nf fhz;Nghk;. i.

Nkw;gb vOj;Jf;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;s rpy trdq;fSf;F cz;lhd RUf;fkhf ,Uf;fyhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; vd;gjw;F “md-my;yh`{Myk; - vd;gjpd; Kjy; vOj;Jf;fs; vd;Wk;> “ 'E}d;" vd;gjw;F “ 'E}h;" (xsp) vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk; vdTk;> Nkw;gb vOj;Jf;fs; RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; my;y. khwhf my;yh`;tpd; ngah;fs; ii. my;yJ mtdJ milahsq;fspy; xd;whf ,Uf;fyhk; vdTk;> Nkw;gb vOj;Jf;fs; uhfj;Jld; cr;rhpg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fyhk; vdTk;> iii. muG vOj;Jf;fspy; rpytw;Wf;F vz; kjpg;G cs;sijg;Nghd;W> ,e;j vOj;Jf;fSf;Fk; iv. Kf;fpakhd vz; kjpg;Gfs; vJTk; ,Uf;ff; $Lk; vdTk;> ,e;j vOj;Jf;fs; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;g;gjw;fhf (gpd;dh; v. ,iwtrdj;ij Nfl;gth;fspd; ftdj;ij <h;g;gjw;fhf) ,Uf;fyhk; vdTk;> Nkw;gb RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;JfSf;Fz;lhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J vz;zw;w tpsf;fq;fs; ek;kpilNa cs;sd.

3. mUs;kiwapd; RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fSf;F cz;lhd rpwe;j tpsf;fk;: Nkw;gb RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;JfSf;Fz;lhd Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;J vz;zw;w tpsf;fq;fs; ek;kpilNa ,Ue;jhYk;> ,];yhkpa khh;f;f mwpQh;fshd ,g;D-fjPh; mth;fspd; tpsf;fKk;> \kf;]hhp> kw;Wk; ,g;D-ijk;kpah MfpNahh;fshy; rhpfhzg;gl;l tpsf;fq;fSk; gpd;tUkhW: ,aw;ifapy; fhzg;gLk; rpy mbg;gil %yf;$Wfshy; MdJ kdpj cly; vd;gJ ehk; midtUk; mwpe;j tp\ak;. fspkz;Zk;> kz;Zk; ,aw;ifapy; cs;s mbg;gil %yf;$Wfspy; cs;sjhFk;. ,Ug;gpDk; kdpj cly; kz;zhy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gij vz;Zk;NghJ rphpf;fj;jhd; Njhd;WfpwJ. kdpj clypd; ,aw;ifahd %yf;$Wfshd kz;izAk;> fspkz;izAk;;> jz;zPiuAk; ehk; vy;NyhUk; vspjpy; ngwf;$ba epiyapNyNa ,Ue;jhYk;> Nkw;gb ,aw;ifahd %yf;$Wfisf; nfhz;L - kdpj cliy gilf;f ek;khy; KbahJ. kdpjd; ,d;d %yf;$Wfis nfhz;Ljhd; gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij ehk; ed;whf mwpe;jpUe;Jk; gilg;gpd; ufrpak; gw;wp ehk; vJTk; mwpahjth;fshfj;jhd; ,Uf;fpNwhk;. mNjNghd;W ,iwj;jd;ik tha;e;j Fh;Mid kWg;gth;fSf;F - jd;idg; gw;wp mwptpf;fpwJ. ,iwj;jd;ik tha;e;j mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mugp nkhopapNyNa cs;sJ vd;gJ gw;wp ngUik nfhz;bUf;Fk; mNugpah;fSf;F jd;idg; gw;wp mwptpf;fpwJ. mNugpah;fs; mbf;fb cr;rhpf;ff;$ba vOj;Jf;fis nfhz;Ljhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mike;Js;sJ vd;gij mNugpah;fSf;F mwptpf;fpwJ. mNugpah;fs; jq;fsJ nkhopiag; gw;wp ngUik nfhs;sf; $bath;fs;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lNghJ> muG nkhop - Gfopd; cr;rf; fl;lj;jpy; ,Ue;j Neuk;. myp/g; - yhk; kPk;> ah - ]Pd;> `h-kPk; Nghd;w thh;j;ijfis cs;slf;fp ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l Fh;Md; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F miw $ty; tpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,wij;jd;ikapy; ePq;fs; re;Njfk; cilath;fshf ,Ug;gpd;> ,J Nghd;W xU Neh;j;jpahd> mofhd mj;jpahaj;ij ePq;fs; nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F rthy; tpLfpwJ. Muk;gj;jpy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; kdpjh;fSf;Fk;> [pd;fSf;Fk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Nghd;w xd;iw cUthf;FkhW rthy; tpLfpwJ. kdpjh;fSk; [pd;fSk; jq;fSf;Fs; xUnthUf;nfhUth; cjtp nra;J nfhz;lhYk; - mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Nghd;w xd;iw cUthf;f KbahJ vd;W rthy; tpLfpwJ. ,t;thwhd rthy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 17tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gdP - ,];uhaPypd; 88tJ trdj;jpYk;> 52tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; J}hpd; 34tJ trdj;jpYk; fhzyhk;. gpd;dh; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Nkw;gb rthiy kPz;Lk; kdpjh;fsplk; itf;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 11tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `{jpd; 13tJ trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W gj;J trdq;fisahtJ nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W rthy; tpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 10tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; a+D]pd; 38tJ trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; cs;sJ Nghd;W xU trdj;ijahtJ nfhz;L thUq;fs; vd;W kdpj Fyj;jpw;F rthy; tpLfpwJ. ,Wjpahf mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 23 kw;Wk; 24 tJ mj;jpahaj;jpd; %ykhf Nkw;gb rthiy ,d;Dk; vspjhf;FfpwJ:

',d;Dk;> (K`k;kJ (]y; vd;w) ek; mbahUf;F ehk; mUspAs;s (Ntjj;)jpy; ePq;fs; re;Njfk; cilNahuhf ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy;> (me;j re;Njfj;jpy;) cz;ik cilNahuhfTk; ,Ug;gPh;fshdhy; my;yh`;itj; jtpu cq;fs; cjtpahsh;fis (nay;yhk; xd;whf) mioj;J (itj;J) f; nfhz;L ,J Nghd;w Xh; mj;jpahaNkDk; nfhz;L thUq;fs;." '(mg;gb) ePq;fs; nra;ahtpl;lhy; - mg;gbr; nra;a cq;fshy; jpz;zkhf KbahJ - kdpjh;fisAk;> fw;fisAk; vhpnghUshff; nfhz;l euf neUg;ig mQ;rpf; 16

nfhs;Sq;fs;. (me;j neUg;G> ,iwtidAk;> mtd; Ntjj;ijAk; Vw;f kWf;Fk;) epuhfhpg;ghsh;fSf;fhNt mJ rpj;jg;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sJ." (my;-Fh;Md; mj;jpahak; 02 ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; - 23 - 24 tJ trdq;fs;.)

,uz;L fiyQh;fspd; jpwikia kjpg;gpl Ntz;Lnkdpy;> fiyQh;fs; ,uz;L NgUf;Fk; xNu tpjkhd nghUisr; nra;ar; nrhy;yp> xNu tpjkhd %yg; nghUs;fis toq;f Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F mth;fs; ,uz;L NgUk; ijaw;fiyQh;fs; vdpy;> mth;fs; ,uz;L NgUf;Fk; xNu tpjkhd Jzpiaf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;. mjNghyNt mugp nkhopapd; %yg; nghUs; vJntdpy; myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; - ah - ]Pd; Nghd;w mugp vOj;Jf;fs; MFk;. ,iwj;jd;ik tha;e;j mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; nkhop cz;ikiaNa NgRk;. Vnddpy; mJ my;yh`;tpd; NtjkhFk;. mugpah;fs; ve;j nkhopaiag; gw;wp ngUik nfhz;bUe;jhh;fNsh mNj nkhopjhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,wf;fg;gl;l nkhopAkhFk;. mugpah;fs; jq;fsJ nrhy;yhl;rp jpwDf;Fk;> ehtd;ikf;Fk;> mh;j;jKs;s cr;rhpg;Gf;Fk; ngah; Nghdth;fs;. vg;gb kdpj clypy; cs;s %yf; $Wfs; vd;dntd;W ehk; midtUk; mwpNthNkh - me;j %yf; $Wfis ehk; vt;thW ngwTk; KbANkh - mJNghy -mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; RUf;fg;gl;l myp/g; - yhk; - kPk; Nghd;w vOj;Jf;fis mugpah;fs; midtUk; mwpthh;fs;;. me;j vOj;Jf;fisf; nfhz;L thh;j;ijfisAk; cUthf;Fthh;fs;. kdpj clypy; vd;ndd;d %yf; $Wfs; ek;khy; vt;thW cUthf;f KbahNjh mugpah;fs; mwpe;J tij;jpUe;jhYk; gpuNahfq;fis mth;fshy; gad; gLj;j ,iwj;jd;ikia ep&gpf;fpwJ.

cs;sd vd;W ehk; mJNghy mUs;kiw mUs;kiw Fh;Md; KbahJ. ,t;thW

mwpe;jpUe;jhYk; kdpj cliy Fh;Mdpy; cs;s vOj;Jf;fis gad;gLj;JtJ Nghd;W nrhw; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; jd;Dila

4. xt;nthU RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;F gpwFk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; jdJ ,iwj;jd;ikia vLj;J itf;fpwJ. vdNtjhd; xt;nthU RUf;fg;gl;l vOj;Jf;fs; mlq;fpa trdk; Kbe;jJk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; jdJ jdpj; jd;ikia gw;wp vLj;J ciuf;fpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; Kjy; ,uz;L trdq;fs;:

'myp/g; yhk; kPk;. ,J (my;yh`;tpd;) jpU NtjkhFk;. ,jpy; vj;jifa re;NjfKk; ,y;iy. gagf;jpAilNahUf;F (,J) Neh;top fhl;bahFk;." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; Kjy; ,uz;L trdq;fs;) Nfs;tp vz;:

'G+kpia cq;fSf;F xU tphpg;ghf Mf;fpj; je;jpUf;fpNwd;" vd;fpwJ Fh;Mdpd; trdk;. ,e;j trdk; g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;gjw;F rhd;whf ,Uf;fpwJ. Nkw;gb Fh;Mdpd; trdk;> g+kp cUz;ilahdJ vd;W ep&gpf;fg;gl;l etPd mwptpay; cz;ikf;F Kuzhf mike;Js;sJ ,y;iyah?. gjpy;: 1.

g+kp Xh; tphpg;ghf gilf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ.

Nkw;gb Nfs;tp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 71tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; E}`;tpd; 19tJ trdj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ. Nkw;gb mUs;kiw trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW $WfpwJ:

'md;wpAk;> my;yh`;> cq;fSf;fhf g+kpia tphpg;ghf Mf;fpdhd;". 17

Nkw;gb trdk; mj;NjhL Kbe;J tplttpy;iy. trdj;jpw;fhd fhuzj;ijAk; nrhy;fpwJ.

mjid

mLj;j

trdj;jpy;

Ke;ija

'mjpy; ePq;fs; nry;tjw;fhf tprhykhd ghijfisAk; mikj;jhd;." (mj;jpahak; 71 ]_uj;J E}`; - 20tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; cs;s nra;jpia kw;nwhU trdj;jpd; %ykhfTk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Rl;bf; fhl;LfpwJ. Fh;Mdpd; 20tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jh`htpd; 53tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'(mtNd) cq;fSf;fhf ,g;g+kpia xU tphpg;ghf mikj;jhd;. ,d;Dk; mjpy; cq;fSf;Fg; ghijfis ,Nyrhf;fpdhd;.." (mj;jpahak; 20 ]_uj;Jj; jh`htpd; 53tJ trdk;)

g+kpapd; Nky; gFjp Kg;gJ iky;fSf;Fk; Fiwthd mlh;j;jpiaf; nfhz;lJ. %thapuj;J vOE}w;wk;igJ iky;fs; Rw;wsitf; nfhz;l g+kpapd; mbg;gFjpNahL xg;gpLk;NghJ - Kg;gJ iky; mlh;j;jp vd;gJ kpfTk; nky;ypaJjhd;. G+kpapd; mbg;gFjpahdJ ntg;gkhd jputepiyapy; cs;sJ. g+kpapy; Nky; gFjpapy; thof;$ba ve;jtpjkhd caphpdKk; - g+kpapd; mbg;gFjpapy; tho Kbahj msTf;F ntg;g epiy mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. Mdhy; g+kpapd; Nky; gFjp caphpdq;fs; thof;$ba rpwe;j nfl;bahd epiyapy; ,Uf;fpwJ. g+kpia tphpg;ghf;fp mjpy; ehk; gazk; nra;af; $ba msTf;F ghijfis mikj;J je;jpUf;fpNwhk; vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; rhpahfj;jhd; nrhy;fpwJ. 2. tphpg;Gfis rkkhd jiuiaj; jtpu - kw;w ,lq;fspYk; gug;gyhk;. g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;W nrhy;Yk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; xd;W $l fpilahJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; - g+kpapd; Nkw;gFjpia xU tphpg;Gld; xg;gpLfpwJ. rpy Ngh; tphpg;Gf;fs; rkkhd jiuapy; khj;jpuk;jhd; tphpf;fyhk; vd;W vz;zpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. tphpg;Gf;fis nghpa g+kp Nghd;w Nfhsj;jpd; kPJk; tphpf;fyhk; my;yJ gug;gyhk;. xU nghpa g+kp cUz;ilapd; khjphp xd;iw vLj;J - xU tphpg;ig mjd; kPJ gug;gpg; ghh;j;jhy; - Nkw;gb fUj;J cz;ik vd;gij mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. nghJthf tphpg;Gfs; - ele;J nry;tjw;F trjpahfj;jhd; tphpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; xU tphpg;ig g+kpapd; Nky; gFjpf;F cjhuzkhf fhl;LfpwJ. g+kpapd; Nky; gFjpapy; cs;s tphpg;Gg; Nghd;w gFjp ,y;iy vdpy; g+kpapd; mbg;gFjpapy; cs;s ntg;gj;jpd; fhuzkhf g+kpapd; Nky; gFjpapy; cs;s ve;j capupdKk; caph; tho Kbahky; NghapUf;Fk;. ,t;thW mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb $w;W mwpT G+h;tkhdNjhL> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,t;Tyfpw;F te;J gy E}w;whz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF Gtpapay; ty;Ydh;fshy; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;l mwptpay; cz;ikiag; gw;wpAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdk;. 3. g+kp tphpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ: mNjNghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; g+kp tphpf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd;gijg; gw;wp Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd.

',d;Dk;> g+kpia - ehk; mjid tphpj;Njhk;: vdNt> ,t;thW tphpg;gth;fspy; ehk; Nkk;ghLilNahk;." vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 51tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jj; jhhpahj;jpd; 48tJ trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

mJNghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 78tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; eghtpd; 6 kw;Wk; 7tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

'ehk; ,g;g+kpia tphpg;ghf Mf;ftpy;iyah?. ,d;Dk; kiyfis Kisfshf Mf;ftpy;iyah?" g+kp jl;ilahdJ vd;W ehk; rpwpNjDk; nghUs;nfhs;Sk; tifapy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ve;j trdKk; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. mUs;kiw Fwpg;gpLtnjy;yhk; g+kp tprhykhdJ vd;Wjhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; g+kp tprhykhdJ vd;W Fwpg;gplf; fhuzk; vd;d? vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; 29 ]{uj;Jy; md;fg+j;jpd; 56tJ trdk; ekf;Fj; njspthfj; njhptpf;fpd;wJ.

'<khd; nfhz;l vd; mbahh;fNs!. epr;rakhf vd; g+kp tprhykhdJ: Mifahy; ePq;fs; vd;idNa tzq;Fq;fs;." Nkw;gb trdj;ij njhpe;j vtUk; Rw;Wg;Gw - #oypd; fhuzkhfj;jhd; vd;dhy; ey;yJ nra;a Kbatpy;iy. ehd; Fw;wq;fisNar; nra;J te;Njd; vdNt vd;id kd;dpj;Jf; nfhs; vd;W my;yh`;tplk; nrhy;y KbahJ. 4. g+kp

[pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpyhdJ:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 79tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Je; eh[pahj;jpd; 30tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ.

',jd; gpd;dh; mtNd g+kpia tphpj;jhd;." Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; “ 'j`h`h" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ij gad; gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. “'j`h`h" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ijf;F Kl;il tbtk; vd;Wk; tphpj;jy; vd;Wk; ,uz;L mh;j;jq;fs; cz;L. 'j`h`h" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ij “'J`;ah" vd;Dk; mugp %y thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. Nkw;gb “ 'J`;ah" vd;Dk; mugp thh;j;ijf;F [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpypUf;Fk; neUg;Gf; Nfhopapd; Kl;il vd;W nghUs;. g+kpAk; [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpy;jhd; cs;sJ. ,t;thW g+kp [pNah];nghpfy; (GEOSPHERICAL) tbtpy; cs;sJ vd;fpw etPd cz;ikAk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Md; $Wk; trdq;fSk; xj;jf; fUj;ij cilaJjhd;.

mwptpay;

Nfs;tp vz;: 9. my;yh`; khj;jpuNk jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W mwpfpwhd; vd;fpwJ Fh;Md;. Mdhy; jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf ehk; 'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. ,jdhy; Fh;Md; kUj;Jt mwptpaNyhL Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?. gjpy;: 1.

my;yh`; midj;ijAk; mwpe;jtd;:

jhapd; tapw;wpy; cs;s fU Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij gw;wp khj;jpuk; mwpe;jtd;jhd; my;yh`; vd;W gyh; ek;gpAs;sdh;. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 31tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; Yf;khdpd; 34tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

'epr;rakhf me;j (fpahk) Neuk; gw;wpa Qhdk; my;yh`;tplNk ,Uf;fpwJ: mtNd kioiaAk; ,wf;Ffpwhd;. ,d;Dk; mtNd fh;g;gq;fspy; cs;stw;iwAk; mwpfpwhd;..!" 19

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; cs;s nra;jpiag; Nghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 13tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh; u/J tpd; 8tJ trdk; fP;o;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'xt;nthU ngz;Zk; (fh;g;gj;jpy;) Rke;J nfhz;bUg;gijAk;> fh;g;gg;igfs; RUq;fpf; FiwtijAk;> mit tphpe;J mjpfhpg;gijAk;> my;yh`; ed;fwpthd;: xt;nthU nghUSf;Fk; mtdplk; msT ,Uf;fpd;wJ." 2. 'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. jw;Nghija mwptpay; tsh;r;rpapd; fhuzkhf ehk; “'my;l;uhN]hdpf;" vd;Dk; fUtpapd; %yk; jhapd; fUtiwapy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (Mz; my;yJ ngz;) vd;W kpf vspjhf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. 3.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; ,dk; (SEX) vd;w thh;j;ij Fwpg;gplg; gltpy;iy.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mid nkhopahf;fk; nra;jth;fSk;> mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;F tpsf;fkspj;jth;fSk; jhapd; fUtpy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij (mjhtJ Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij kl;Lk;) mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;W jtwhd tpsf;fk; nfhLj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gJ cz;ik. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ePq;fs; gbj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; - ,dk; (SEX) vd;fpw thh;j;ijf;F epfuhd muG thh;j;ij mjpy; ,y;iy vd;gij ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;tPh;fs;. khwhf jhapd; fUtpy; cs;sij mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;fpw fUj;J ,Ug;gij ePq;fs; czh;tPh;fs;. jhapd; fUtpy; cs;s Foe;ijapd; ,dj;ij mjhtJ Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij kl;Lk; mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;gJ Kw;wpYk; jtwhd fUj;jhFk;. 4. my;yh`;itj; jtpu> NtW vtUk; fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ijapd; jd;ikia KbT nra;a KbahJ. Nkw;gb trdk; Foe;ijapd; ghiy (mjhtJ Mzh my;yJ ngz;zh vd;gij kl;Lk;) mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;gij khj;jpuk; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. khwhf fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ijapd; jd;ikfs; midj;ijAk; mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; vd;gij Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mjhtJ jhapd; fUtpy; cs;s Foe;ij vt;thW ,Uf;Fk;? vd;gijAk;> me;j Foe;ijapd; jd;ik vd;d vd;gijAk;> fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ij mjdJ ngw;Nwhh;fSf;F mUl;nfhilahf ,Uf;Fkh? my;yJ rhgf;Nflhf ,Uf;Fkh? fUtpy; ,Uf;Fk; Foe;ij rKjhaj;jpw;F ed;ikahf mikAkh? my;yJ jPikahf mikAkh? vd;gijAk;> Foe;ij ey;yjh? nfl;ljh vd;gijAk;> Foe;ij nrhh;f;fj;jpw;F nry;Ykh?. my;yJ eufj;jpw;Fr; nry;Ykh? vd;gd Nghd;w midj;J tpguq;fisAk; mwpe;jtd; my;yh`; xUtNd vd;gNj Nkw;gb trdj;jpd; nghUshFk;. Kw;wpYk; Gjpjhf fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l fUtpfis itj;jpUf;Fk; ve;j xU mwptpay; mwpQuhy; Nkw;gb tpguq;fis vy;yhk; epr;rakhfr; nrhy;y KbAk;? my;yh`;itj; jtpu. Nfs;tp vz;: 10 Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wg;gb xU Mz; nrhh;f;fj;jpy;“'`{h;" vd;Dk; ngz;izj; Jizahfg; ngWthd;. mg;gbnadpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; xU ngz;Zf;Fj; Jizahf vd;d fpilf;Fk;.?. gjpy;: 1. “ '`{h;" gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; “ '`{h;" gw;wp ehd;F ,lq;fspy; nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ. ]{uj;Jj; Jfhdpd; 54tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

mj;jpahak; 44

“'..NkYk; mth;fSf;F `{Uy;<d;fis ehk; kzk; Kbj;J itg;Nghk;." 20

mj;jpahak; 52 ]{uj;Jj; J}hpd; 20tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'..NkYk; ehk; mth;fSf;F ePz;l fz;fisAila (`{Uy; <d;fis) kzk; Kbj;J itg;Nghk;." mj;jpahak; 55 ]{uj;Jh; u`;khdpd; 72tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'..`{h; (vd;Dk; mofhdth;fs;) $lhuq;fspy; kiwf;fg;gl;bUg;gh;." mj;jpahak; 56 ]{uj;Jy; thfpMtpd; 22tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'(mq;F ,th;fSf;F) ,Ug;gh;." 2.

'`{h;" vd;w nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.

mugp

`{Uy;

<d;

thh;j;ijf;F

(vd;Dk; “

'mofpa

neba fd;dpah;"

fz;fisAilath;fs;) vd;W

nkhopahf;fk;

mUs;kiw Fh;Mid nkhopngah;j;j gy nkhopngah;g;ghsh;fs; - Fwpg;ghf cUJ nkhopapy; nkhop ngah;j;j nkhopngah;g;ghsh;fs; “'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'mofpafd;dpah;" vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;sdh;. “'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'mofpa fd;dpah;" vd;W nghUs; nfhz;lhy; - mJ Mz;fSf;F kl;Lk;jhd; vd;W MfptpLk;. mg;gbnadpy; ngz;fSf;F vd;d fpilf;Fk;?. 3.

“'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijapd; nghUs;.

'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ij 'm`;thh;" vd;w mugpthh;j;ijf;Fk; (Mz; ghyUf;F gad;gLj;jg;glf; $baJ) “ '`t;uh" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;Fk; (ngz; ghyUf;F gad;gLj;jg;glf; $baJ) chpa gd;ikahd (Plural) thh;j;ij MFk;. Fwpg;ghf nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ,Uf;ff; $ba mofpa fz;fis cila Mz;ghyiuNah my;yJ ngz; ghyiuNah Fwpg;gpLtjw;F Nkw;gb thh;j;ijia gad;gLj;Jth;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; NtW rpy trdq;fspy; Rth;f;fj;jpy; ePq;fs; “'Kj;j`;uJd;" J}a;ikahd kw;Wk; Gdpjkhd “'m];th[;" - ,iz my;yJ Jiz my;yJ N[hbapidg; ngUtPh;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. “'Kj;j`;uJd;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F J}a;ik kw;Wk; Gdpjk; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 25tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

'(Mdhy;) ek;gpf;if nfhz;L ew;fUkq;fs; nra;NthUf;F ed;khuhaq;fs; $WtPuhf: rjh Xbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; MWfisf; nfhz;l Rtdr; Nrhiyfs; mth;fSf;fhf cz;L: mth;fSf;F cz;z mq;fpUe;J VjhtJ fdp nfhLf;fg;gLk; nghnjy;yhk; “'',JNt Kd;dUk; ekf;F (cyfpy;) nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ"" vd;W $Wthh;fs;: Mdhy; (Njhw;wj;jpy;) ,J Nghd;wJjhd; (mth;fSf;F cyfj;jpw;) nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jd: ,d;Dk; mth;fSf;F mq;F J}a JizfSk; cz;L: NkYk; mth;fs; mq;Nf epue;jukhf tho;thh;fs;. (my;-Fh;Md; 2:25) mNj Nghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; 57tJ trdk; fPo;f;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

'(mth;fspy;) vth;fs; <khd; nfhz;L ed;ikahd fhhpaq;fisr; nra;fpd;whh;fNsh mth;fis Rtdgjpfspy; GFj;JNthk;. mtw;wpd; fPNo MWfs; Xbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;: mtw;wpy; mth;fs; vd;nwd;Wk; ,Ug;gh;: mq;F mth;fSf;Fg; ghpRj;jkhd JizfSk; cz;L: mth;fis mlh;e;j epoypYk; Eioar; nra;Nthk;." (4:57) Nkw;gb mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fspypUe;J ehk; mwptJ vd;dntdpy; “'`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ij Fwpg;ghf ve;j ghiy (Mz;ghy; my;yJ ngz;ghy;) Fwpg;gpLtjw;F gad;gLj;jg; gltpy;iy vd;gJjhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk; nra;j K`k;kj; m]hj; “ '`{h;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F Spouse (fztUf;F kidtpAk; - kidtpf;F fztUk;) vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk; nra;j a+Rg; myp “ '`{h;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F Companions (,iz my;yJ Jiz) vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. ,d;Dk; gy khh;f;f mwpQh;fspd; fUj;Jg;gb - nrhh;f;fj;jpy; xU MZf;F mofpa fz;fis cila ngz;Zk;> xU ngz;Zf;F mofpa fz;fis cila xU MZk; ,izahf my;yJ Jizahf my;yJ N[hbahf fpilg;ghh;fs;. 4. ngz;fs; ,t;Tyfpy; fpilf;fg;ngwhj xd;iw> nrhh;f;fj;jpy; fpilf;fg; ngWthh;fs;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; “ '`{h;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ij ngz;ghiy Fwpg;gplj;jhd; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij rpy khh;f;f mwpQh;fs; Mzpj;jukhf ek;gp tUfpwhh;fs;. mth;fSf;F gjpyspf;Fk; Kfkhf `jP]; xd;iw epidT+l;l tpUk;GfpNwd;. mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fsplk; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; Mz;fSf;F mofpa fz;fisAila ngz;fs; Jizahf fpilg;ghh;fs;> nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; vij fpilf;fg;ngWthh;fs; vd;W vOg;gg;gl;l Nfs;tp xd;wpw;F gjpyspf;Fk;NghJ - nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; kdpj fz;fs; vJTk; fz;buhj - kdpj fhJfs; vJTk; Nfl;buhj - kdpj kdq;fs; vJTk; vz;zpg;ghuhj xd;wpidg; ngWthh;fs; vd;W egp (]y;) mth;fs; gjpyspj;jhh;fs;. Nkw;gb gjpy; nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ngz;fs; - kpfTk; rpwg;ghd xd;wpidg; ngWthh;fs; vd;gjw;F Mjhukhf mike;Js;sJ. Nfs;tp vz;: 11 ,iwtd; fh/gph;fspd; (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fis Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd;. mg;gbnadpy; epuhfhpg;gth;fs; - (,];yhj;ij Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; ,Ug;gjw;F) vg;gb Fw;wthspfs; Mthh;fs;?. gjpy;: ,iw kWg;Gf; nfhs;ifia njhlh;e;J my;yh`; Kj;jpiuapl;L tpLfpwhd;:

filgpbj;J tUk; ,iw epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; cs;sj;ij

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; MwhtJ kw;Wk; VohtJ trdq;fspy; my;yh`; fPo;f;fz;lthW $Wfpd;whd;:

'epr;rakhf fh/gPh;fis (,iwtid epuhfhpg;Nghiu) ePh; mr;r%l;b vr;rhpj;jhYk; (rhp) my;yJ vr;rhpf;fhtpl;lhYk; rhpNa! mth;fs; <khd; (,iw ek;gpf;if) nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;." 'my;yh`; mth;fspd; ,jaq;fspYk;> mth;fspd; nrtpg;Gyd;fspYk; Kj;jpiu itj;J tpl;lhd;. ,d;Dk; mth;fspd; ghh;it kPJ xU jpiu fplf;fpwJ. NkYk; mth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lizAk; cz;L." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 6 kw;Wk; Vohk; trdq;fs;)

Nkw;gb trdk; cz;ikia kWf;ff; $ba nghJthd epuhfhpg;gth;fis gw;wp $wtpy;iy. ,e;j trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s mugp thh;j;ijfshd “'my;yjPd fg&" vd;gjd; nghUs; vd;dntdpy; njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fs; vd;gjhFk;. ,t;thW njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fshd ,th;fSf;F ePq;fs; vr;rhpf;if nra;jhYk; rhp> vr;rhpf;if nra;ahtpl;lhYk; rhpNa. mth;fs; cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;. ,t;thW njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fspd; cs;sq;fspYk;> nrtpg; GydpYk; Kj;jpiu itj;J tpl;ljhfTk;> mth;fspd; ghh;itfspy; jpiuapl;Ltpl;ljhfTk; my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;. my;yh`; mth;fspd; cs;sq;fspy; Kj;jpiuapl;L tpl;ljhy; mth;fs; cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s kWf;fpwhh;fs; vd;gjy;y ,jd; nghUs;. njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpf;ff; $bath;fs;> cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;s kWj;jjhy; mth;fis ghh;j;J my;yh`; Nkw;fz;lthW $Wfpd;whd;. vdNt Nkw;gb cz;ikia epuhfhpg;gth;fs; njhlh;e;J cz;ikia epuhfhpg;gjw;F my;yh`; nghWg;ghsp my;y. khwhf cz;ik vd;dntd;W mwpe;jpUe;Jk; Nkw;gb cz;ikia njhle;J epuhfhpj;J tUfpd;w epuhfhpg;gth;fs;jhd; ,jw;F nghWg;ghthh;fs;. 2. cjhuzj;jpw;F tFg;ghrphpah;> khztd; Njwkhl;lhd; vd;W fzpg;gJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F gs;spf; $lj;jpd; mDgtkpf;f tFg;ghrphpah; xUth;> tFg;gpy; ftdk; nrYj;jhj - mjpfkhf njhe;juT nra;fpw - jdJ tPl;Lg;ghlq;fis nra;J tuj; jtWfpw khztd; xUtid - mtd; ,Wjpj; Njh;tpy; Njw khl;lhd; vd;W fzpf;fpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. khztDk; ,Wjpj; Njh;it vOjp Nkw;gbj; Njh;tpy; ntw;wpailatpy;iy vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. khztd; ,Wjpj; Njh;tpy; Njhy;tpAw;wjw;F ahiu Fw;wk; nrhy;tPh;fs;? khztidah? Mrphpaiuah? khztd; ,Wjpj; Njh;tpy; ntw;wp ngwkhl;lhd; vd;w fzpj;j fhuzj;jpw;fhf Mrphpaiu ahUk; Fw;wk; nrhy;y khl;lhh;fs;. khwhf gbg;gpy; rhpahf ftdk; nrYj;jhj khztd;jhd; jdJ Njhy;tpf;F nghWg;ghthd;. mJNghyNt cz;ikia njhlh;e;J epuhfhpj;J tUk; kdpjh;fis gw;wp my;yh`; mwpthd;. ,t;thW cz;ikiaj; njhlh;e;J epuhfhpj;J tUgth;fs;jhd; jq;fsJ nraYf;Fg; nghWg;Ngj; jtpu> my;yh`; my;y. Nfs;tp vz;: 12 ek;Kila nray;fis ,iwtNd jPh;Tnra;J vOjp itj;Jtpl;ljhy; ghtq;fSf;Fk; - Fw;wq;fSf;Fk; ehk; vg;gb nghUg;ghNthk;?.

ehk;

nra;Ak;

gjpy;fs; tpiutpy;. Nfs;tp vz;: 13 thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhf Fh;Mdpy; gy ,lq;fspy; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak; /Gh;]pyhj;jpy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; 8 ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ljhf $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J Kuz;ghL ,y;iyah?. NkYk; mNj trdj;jpy; g+kpia MW ehl;fspy; gilj;jjhfTk; - gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fis gilj;jjhfTk; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ. thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; cUthapd vd;W mwptpay; $Wk; “ ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpf;F (Big Bang Theroy) khw;wkhf ,e;j trdk; mike;Js;sjh ,y;iyah? gjpy;: thdq;fisAk; - g+kpiaAk; MW ehl;fspy; (mjhtJ MW eP;z;l fhyq;fspy;) gilf;fg;gl;ld vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhy;fpwJ vd;gij ehDk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd;. ,J gw;wpa tpguk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; fPof;Fwpg;gpl;l mj;jpahaq;fspy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mj;jpahak; 7 ]{uj;Jy; m/uh/gpd; 54tJ trdk; mj;jpahak; 10 ]{uj;Jy; a+D]pd; 3tJ trdk; mj;jpahak; 11 ]{uj;Jy; `{Jtpd; 7tJ trdk; 23

mj;jpahak; 25 ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;fhdpd; 59tJ trdk; mj;jpahak; 32 ]{uj;Jy; ][;jhtpd; 4tJ trdk; mj;jpahak; 50 ]{uj;Jy; f/g;tpd; 38tJ trdk; mj;jpahak; 57 ]{uj;Jy; `jPjpd; 04tJ trdk; Mfpa trdq;fspy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; MW ehl;fspy; (mjhtJ MW eP;z;l fhyq;fspy;) gilf;fg;gl;ld vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhy;fpwJ. jhq;fs; nrhy;tJ Nghd;W thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; vl;L ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ld vd;fpw mh;j;jj;jpy; tUfpd;w trdk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 41tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj;jpd; 9tJ trdk; Kjy; 12tJ trdk; tiuapyhdJ. Nkw;gb trdk; fPof;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ:

'g+kpia ,uz;Nl ehl;fspy; gilj;jtid epuhfhpj;J mtDf;F ,izfisAk; epr;rakhf ePq;fs; jhdh Vw;gLj;JfpwPh;fs;?. mtd; mfpyj;jhUf;nfy;yhk; ,iwtd; vd;W (egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf." (mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 9tJ trdk;)

'mtNd> mjd; NkypUe;J caukhd kiyfis mikj;jhd;: mjd; kPJ (rfy tpjkhd) ghf;fpaq;fisAk; nghope;jhd;. ,d;Dk;> mjpy; mtw;wpd; czTfis ehd;F ehl;fspy; rPuhf eph;zapj;jhd;. (,ijg;gw;wp) Nfl;ff; $bath;fSf;F (,JNt tpsf;fkhFk;). (mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 10tJ trdk;). 'gpwF mtd; thdk; Gifahf ,Ue;j NghJ (mijg; gilf;f) ehbdhd;: MfNt mtd; mjw;Fk; g+kpf;Fk;: “ ''ePq;fs; tpUg;GldhapDk;> my;yJ ntWg;gpUg;gpDk;> thUq;fs;"" vd;W $wpdhd;. (mjw;F) mitapuz;Lk; ''ehq;fs; tpUg;GlNdNa tUfpd;Nwhk;"" vd;W $wpd." (mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 11tJ trdk;). 'MfNt> ,uz;L ehl;fspy; mtw;iw VO thdq;fshf cah;j;jpdhd;. xt;nthU thdj;jpw;Fk; mjw;Fhpa flik ,d;dnjd mwptpj;jhd;. ,d;Dk;> cyfj;jpw;F rkPgkhd thdj;ij ehk; tpsf;Ffs; nfhz;L myq;fhpj;Njhk;. ,d;Dk; mjid ehk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; Mf;fpNdhk;. ,J ahtiuAk; kpifj;jtDk;> Qhdkpf;NfhDkhfpa (,iw)tDila Vw;ghNlahFk;." ( mj;jpahak; 41 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj; 12tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb trdq;fis NkNyhl;lkhfg; gbj;Jg; ghh;j;jhy; thdq;fSk; - g+kpAk; vl;L ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ld vd;fpw mh;j;jk;jhd; njhdpf;Fk;. 2.

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad; gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; Nkyjpfkhf - vd;W nghUs;.

“']{k;k"

vd;fpw

mugp

thh;j;ijf;F

Nkw;gb trdq;fis ePq;fs; $h;e;J Muha;e;jhy;> ,uz;L tpj;jpahrkhd gilg;Gfshd g+kp kw;Wk; thdk; ,itfisg;gw;wp nrhy;tij mwpayhk;. kiyfs; ,y;yhj g+kp ,uz;L ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ. g+kp mirahJ epiyahf epw;Fk; nghUl;L g+kpapd; kPJ kiyfis ehd;F ehl;fspy; gilj;jhd;. Mf g+kpAk; - mjd; kPJ epWj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; kiyfSk; ehd;F ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;ld vd;gij mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 41tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;]pyhj;jpd; xd;gJ kw;Wk; gj;jhtJ trdq;fspd; nghUshFk;. Nkw;gb mj;jpahaj;jpd; 11 kw;Wk; 12tJ trdk; $WtJ vd;dntdpy; mj;Jld; $b thdq;fSk; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;gjhFk;. Nkw;gb mj;jpahaj;jpd; 11tJ trdj;jpd; Muk;g thh;j;ijahd ']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “ 'Nkyjpfkhf" my;yJ “'gpd;dh;" vd ,U mh;j;jq;fs; nfhs;syhk;. Fh;Mdpd; Mq;fpy nkhopahf;fq;fs; rpytw;wpy; ']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F 'gpd;dh;" vd;W nkhopahf;fk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ.“ 'gpd;dh;" vd;W Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk; 24

nra;ag;gl;lij Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhy;> g+kpAk;> g+kpapd; kPJ kiyfSk; 6 ehl;fspy; gilf;fg;gl;Lg;> gpd;dh; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; thdq;fs; gilf;fg;gl;lJ vd;fpw jtwhd nghUisj;jhd; jUk;. Nkw;gb nghUs; mwptpay; nrhy;Yk; ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpNahL (Big Bang Theroy) Kuz;gLtNjhL> mUs;kiw FHMdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;gpahtpd; 30tJ trdkhd>

'thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; ,ize;jpUe;jd vd;gijAk;> ,tw;iw ehNk gphpj;(jikj;) Njhk;" vd;fpw trdj;NjhLk; Kuz;gLk;. vdNt Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F 'Nkyjpfkhf" vd;W nghUs; nfhs;tJjhd; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopahf;fk; nra;j mg;Jy;yh a+Rg; myp mth;fs; “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'Nkyjpfkhf" vd;Wjhd; nkhopahf;fk; nra;Js;shh;. mt;thW nkhopahf;fk; nra;ag;gl;l Nkw;gb mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdj;jpw;F “'kiyfSld; $ba g+kpia MWehl;fspy; gilj;jhd;. Nkyjpfkhf thdq;fisAk; gilj;jhd;". vd;Wjhd; nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nghUs; nfhs;Sk;nghOJ> vl;L ehl;fs; vd;fpw jtwhd fUj;J nfhs;tJ jtph;f;fg;gl;L> MW ehl;fs; vd;fpw rhpahd fUj;J epiy epWj;jg;gLfpwJ. fPo; Fwpg;gpLk; cjhuzj;jpd; %yk; Nkw;gb fUj;ij NkYk; rhpahd Kiwapy; Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;: xU fl;blj;ij fl;Lgth; - mth; fl;ba 10 khb fl;blj;ijAk;> fl;blj;ij Rw;wpAs;s Rw;Wr; RtiuAk; fl;b Kbf;f 6 khjq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhf Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;. KOf; fl;blj;ijAk; fl;b Kbj;j gpd;G - fl;blk; fl;baJ gw;wpa jdJ mwpf;ifapy; fl;blj;jpd; mbg;gFjpfis fl;b Kbf;f ,uz;L khjq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhfTk; fl;blj;jpd; Nkw;gFjpia fl;b Kbf;f ehd;F khjq;fs; vLj;Jf; nfhz;ljhfTk; - mj;Jld; Nrh;j;J - fl;blk; fl;bf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghONj - fl;blj;jpd; Rw;Wr; Rth;fisAk; ,uz;L khjq;fspy; fl;b Kbj;jjhf jdJ mwpf;ifapy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. nkhj;jf; fl;blKk; fl;b Kbf;f mth; vLj;Jf; nfhz;l fhyk; 6 khjq;fs; vd;gij Nkw;gb mwpf;ifapypUe;J njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. mth; nrhd;d KjyhtJ mwpf;if - mth; nrhd;d ,uz;lhtJ mwpf;ifNahL Kuz;gltpy;iy. khwhf fl;blk; fl;b Kbj;j fhyj;ij gw;wpa mjpf tpguq;fisj;jhd; njhptpf;fpwJ. 3.

'thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; xNu rkaj;jpy;jhd; gilf;fg;gl;ld:

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gpugQ;rk; KOtijAk; gilf;fg; gl;lij gw;wp Vuhskhd trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;MdPd; 7:54> 10:3> 11:7> 25:59> 32:4> 50:38> 57:4 Mfpa trdq;fspy; thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; vd;Wk;> mUs;kiw Fh;MdPd; 49:9-12> 2:29> 20:4 Mfpa trdq;fspy; g+kpAk;> thdq;fSk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;gpahtpd; 30tJ trdk; ngUk; ntbg;G gw;wp $WtJld; thdq;fSk;> g+kpAk; xNu rkaj;jpy; cUthf;fg;gl;ld vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mJ Nghd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;lhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 29tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'mtd; (my;yh`;) vj;jifatd; vd;why; mtNd cyfj;jpYs;s midj;ijAk; cq;fSf;fhf gilj;jhd;. gpd; mtd; thdj;jpd; gf;fk; Kw;gl;lhd;. mtw;iw VO thdq;fshf xOq;fhf;fpdhd;. md;wpAk; mtNd xt;nthU nghUisAk; ed;fwpgtdhf ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 29tJ trdk;). Nkw;gb trdj;jpYk; “']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'gpd;dh;" vd;W nghUs; nfhs;Nthk; vdpy; - ,e;j trdKk; ngUk; ntbg;G tpjpAld; Kuz;gLtNjhL> thdq;fisAk;> g+kpiaAk; gilj;jJ gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; kw;w trdq;fSlDk; Kuz;gLk;. vdNt jhq;fs; Fwpg;gpl;l trdj;jpy; tUk; “ ']{k;k" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F “'Nkyjpfkhf" my;yJ “'mj;Jld; Nrh;j;J" vd;W nghUs; nfhs;tJjhd; nghUj;jkhdjhf ,Uf;Fk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 14 kdpjd; tpe;jpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W xU ,lj;jpy; Fwpg;gp;Lk; Fh;Md;> kw;nwhU ,lj;jpy; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,e;j ,uz;L trdq;fSk; Kuz;gLfpwJ ,y;iyah?. kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij mwptpapy; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?. gjpy;: 1.

kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk; gilf;fg;gl;lhd;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 75tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; fpahkhtpd; 37tJ trdk; kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'(fh;g;gf; Nfhsiwf;Fs;) nrhl;Lr; nrhl;lha; Cw;wg;gLk; ,e;jphpaj; Jspf;Fs; mtd; ,Uf;ftpy;iyah?" (mj;jpahak; 75 ]_uj;Jy; fpahkh - 37tJ trdk;) NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gy ,lq;fspy; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 22tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 5tJ trdk; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;Jk;> ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;gij fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'..ehk; epr;rakhf cq;fis (Kjypy;) kz;zpypUe;Jk;> gpd;dh; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> gpd;G myf;fpypUe;Jk;> gpd;G cUthf;fg;gl;lJk;> cUthf;fg;glhjJkhd jirf; fl;bapypUe;J gilj;Njhk;.." (mj;jpahak; 22 ]_uj;Jy; `[; - 5tJ trdk;).

kdpj cly; gilf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; %yf;$Wfs; ahTk; (kdpj clypd; Mf;ff; $Wfs;) xU rpwpjsNth my;yJ ngUk; msNth g+kpapy; ,Uf;fpd;wJ vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;. ehk; njhpe;J nfhz;Ls;s Nkw;gb cz;ikahdJ> kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;fpw mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; $w;Wf;F mwptpay; jUk; tpsf;fkhFk;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; rpy trdq;fs; kdpjd; kz;zpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;Wk;> rpy trdq;fs; kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;Wk; $WfpwJ. Nkw;gb $w;W Kuz;ghlhdJ my;y. xNu Neuj;jpy; eilngw Kbahj vjph;kiwahd ,uz;L nray;fSf;F Kuz;ghL vd;W ngah;. 2. kdpjd; jz;zPupypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd;: mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; rpy trdq;fs; kdpjd; jz;zPhpypUe;J gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W $WfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 25tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; /Gh;fhdpd; 54tJ trdk; nrhy;Yk; nghUis cjhuzkhff; nfhs;syhk;: ',d;Dk; mtd;jhd; kdpjid ePhpypUe;J gilj;J.."(mj;jpahak; 25 ]_uj;Jy; /Gh;fhd; 54tJ trdk;). kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk;> ePhpypUe;Jk; gilf;fg;gl;lhd; vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhd;d %d;W fUj;Jf;fisAk; etPd mwptpay;> cz;ik vd;W ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;bAs;sJ. 3. Nkw;gb fUj;Jf;fs; vJTk; Kuz;ghlhzJ (Contradiction) my;y. khwhf> khWgl;l jdpg; gz;Gfs; %yk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhl;lf; $bajhFk;. (Contradistinction).

cjhuzj;jpw;F> xU Nfhg;ig NjePh; jahhpf;fg; gl Ntz;Lnkdpy; - mjw;F Njitahd msT nte;ePh; Ntz;Lk;. Njitahd msT Njapiyj; JfSk; Ntz;Lk;. NjePh; jahhpf;f nte;ePh; Ntz;Lk;. mJNghy NjePh; jahhpf;f Njapiyj; JfSk; Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;tjhy; - Nkw;gb ,uz;L $w;Wf;fSk; ntt;Ntwhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mitfs; ,uz;Lk; xd;Wf; nfhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy. mj;Jld; ,dpg;ghd NjePh; Ntz;Lnkdpy;> rh;f;fiuAk; Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW Nkw;nrhd;d %d;W fUj;Jfspy; ve;j fUj;Jk; xd;NwhL xd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy. ,t;thW mUs;kiw Fh;Md; kdpjd; ,e;jphpaj; JspapypUe;Jk;> kz;zpypUe;Jk;> ePhpypUe;Jk; gilf;fg; gl;lhd; vd;W nrhd;d ve;j fUj;Jk; xd;nwhnlhd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy. Nkw;gb fUj;Jf;fs; vJTk; Kuz;ghlhzJ (Contradiction) my;y. khwhf> khWgl;l jdpg; gz;Gfs; %yk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhl;lf; $bajhFk;(Contradistinction). cjhuzj;jpw;F xU kdpjd; vg;NghJk; cz;ikNa Ngrf; $batd;. mNjrkak; mtd; xU ngha;ad; vd;Wk; ehd; nrhy;fpNwd;. Nkw;gb vdJ $w;Wf;fs; Kuz;ghlhdJ (Contradiction). Mdhy; xU kdpjd; Neh;ikahdtd;. mNj rkaj;jpy; fUiz cs;sk; nfhz;ltd;. kdpjh;fis Nerpg;gtd; vd;W $WfpNwd; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,J khWgl;l jdpg; gz;Gfs; %yk; NtW gLj;jpf; fhl;lf; $bajhFk; (Contradistinction). Kuz;ghby;yhj> jdpg; gz;Gs;s ,U NtW fUj;Jf;fshFk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 15 ,uz;L fpof;FfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfSf;Fk; nrhe;jf;fhud; ,iwtd; vd;W Fh;Mdpy; xU trdk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. xU fpof;F - xU Nkw;F khj;jpuNk cs;s epiyapy; ,uz;L fpof;FfisAk; - ,uz;L Nkw;FfisAk; mwptpay; hPjpahf vt;thW ep&gpg;gPh;fs;?. gjpy;: 1. my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;F jpirfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;F jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; $WfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 55tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh; u`;khdpd; 17tJ trdk; my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;F jpirfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;F jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;W $WfpwJ.

',U fPo;j; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd. ,U Nky; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd."((mj;jpahak; 55 ]_uj;Jh; u`;khd; 17tJ trdk;). mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; ,uz;L Nky;j;jpirfs;> ,uz;L fPo;j;jpirfs; vd nghUs;gLk; (Dual) mugp thh;j;ijfs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. Nkw;gb thh;j;ijfs; my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;F jpirfSf;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;F jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s itf;fpwJ. 2. my;yh`; - mtNd ,uz;L fpof;F vy;iyfSf;Fk;> ,uz;L Nkw;F vy;iyfSf;Fk; ,iwtd;. #hpad; fpof;Fj; jpirapy; cjpf;fpwJ vd;gJ Gtpapay; mwpT ekf;F fw;Wj; je;j ghlk;. Mdhy; #hpad; cjpf;Fk; epiy (Point of Sunrise) tUlk; KOtJk; khwpf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. tUlj;jpd; ,uz;L ehl;fspy; khj;jpuk; - mjhtJ #hpad; epy eLf;Nfhl;il fle;J nry;Yk; me;j ,uz;L ehl;fspy; khj;jpuk;> #hpad; fpof;Fj; jpirapd; rhpahd epiyapypUe;J (kj;jpapy; ,Ue;J) cjakhfpwJ. tUlj;jpd; kw;w ehl;fspy; #hpad; cjpg;gJ fpof;Fj; jpirapd; rw;W tlf;fpypUe;Njh my;yJ fpof;Fj; jpirapd; rw;W njw;fpypUe;Njhjhd; cjpf;fpwJ. Nfhilfhyj;jpd; cr;rf;fl;lk; tUk; nghOJ ([{d; khjk; 21 Mk; Njjp vd;W fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ) fpof;Fj;jpirf;F mjpfgl;r tlf;Fg; gFjpapYk;> Fsph; fhyj;jpd; cr;rf; fl;lk; tUk; nghOJ (brk;gh; khjk; 22 Mk; Njjp vd;W fzf;fplg;gl;Ls;sJ) fpof;Fj; jpirf;F mjpfgl;r njw;Fg; gFjpapYk; #hpad; cjpg;gij ehk; Neubahf fhzyhk;. mNjNghy #hpad; Nkw;Fj; jpirapy; kiwAk; NghJk; Nkw;Fj; jpirapd; mjpf gl;r tlf;Fg; gFjpapYk;> Nkw;Fj; jpirapd; mjpf gl;r njw;Fg; gFjpapYk; kiwtij fhzyhk;. Nkw;gb ,aw;ifapd; 27

nraiy> #hpad; cjpg;gijAk; - kiwtijAk; fhz;gjw;F trjpahd ,lq;fspy; ,Ue;J ehk; vspjhf fhz KbAk;. ,t;thW #hpad; tUlk; KOtJk; fpof;Fj; jpirapd; xNu ikaj;jpypUe;J cjpf;fhky; fpof;Fj; jpirf;F rw;W tlf;Fg; gFjpapypUe;Jk;> fpof;Fj; jpirf;F rw;W njw;Fg; gFjpapypUe;Jk; fpof;Fj; jpirapd; gy ikaq;fspypUe;J cjpg;gijAk;> mNj Nghd;W Nkw;Fj; jpirapd; gy ikaq;fspy; miltijAk; ghh;f;fpNwhk;. Nkw;gb nray; Fh;Mdpy; nrhy;yg;gl;l “',U fPo;j; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd. ,U Nky; jpirfSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd." (mj;jpahak; 55 ]_uj;Jh; u`;khd; 17tJ trdk;) vd;fpw trdj;ij cz;ik gLj;Jtij njspthf czu KbAk;. 3. my;yh`; - ,uz;L fpof;F vy;iyfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk;> ,uz;L Nkw;F vy;iyfSf;Fk; ,ilapy; cs;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk; ,iwtd; mtNd.! mugp nkhopapy; gpw nkhopfisg; Nghy; my;yhky; - xUik (Singular) - ,Uik (Dual) gd;ik (Plural) (,uz;Lf;F Nkw;gl;l vz;zpf;if - mjhtJ %d;Wk;> %d;Wf;F Nkw;gl;lJk;) vd %d;W tifahf mike;Js;sd. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 55tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh; u`;khdpd; 17tJ trdj;jpy; tUk; - “'k\;hpf;ifdp" kw;Wk; - 'k`;;hpigdp" vd;fpw thh;j;ijfs; ,Uik (Dual) gd;ikia Fwpg;gjhy; - Nkw;gb trdk; ,uz;L fpof;FfisAk;> ,uz;L Nkw;FfisAk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 70tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; kMhp[; - d; 40tJ trdk; fPof;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

'vdNt> fpof;Fj; jpirfs;> Nkw;Fj; jpirfs; Mfpatw;wpd; ,iwtdhfpa (ek;) kPJ rj;jpakhf> epr;rakhf ehk; (tpUk;gpathW nra;a) Mw;wYilNahk;." (mj;jpahak; 70 ]_uj;Jy; kMhp[; - 40tJ trdk;)

Nkw;gb trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; “'k\;hpf;fp" kw;Wk; “'kf;hpgp" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijfSf;F fpof;Fj; jpirfs;> kw;Wk; Nkw;Fj; jpirfs; vd;W nghUs;. mjhtJ %d;W my;yJ Kd;wpf;F Nkw;gl;l fpof;Fj; jpirfs; vd;Wk;> %d;wpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l Nkw;Fj; jpirfs; vd;Wk; nghUs;. Nkw;gb trdj;jpypUe;J ehk; mwpe;J nfhs;Sk; nra;jp vd;dntdpy; my;yh`; - mtd; ,uz;L fpof;fpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;Ls;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk;> ,uz;L Nkw;fpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;Ls;s midj;J ikaq;fSf;Fk; ,iwtd; vd;gJjhd;. jtpu ,uz;L fpof;fpw;Fk; - ,uz;L Nkw;fpw;Fk; ,iwtDk; mtNd jhd; vd;gJkhFk;.

mjpf gl;r fpof;F

fpof;F

#hpad; cjpf;Fk;

tlf;F

ikaq;fs;

njw;F

#hpad; kiwAk; mjpf gl;r Nkw;F

Nkw;F

mjpf gl;r Nkw;F

ikaq;fs;

NkNy tiuag; gl;Ls;s glj;jpypUe;J Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l mUs;kiw trdq;fis ,d;Dk; njspthf Ghpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 16 Fh;Mdpd; cs;s xU Fwpg;gpl;l trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. kw;nwhU trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ Ik;gjhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Md; jdf;Fj; jhNd Kuz;gLfpwNj. rhpah?. gjpy;: mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;L trdq;fs; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ ehk; fzf;fpLk; Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 22tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 47tJ trdKk;> mj;jpahak; 32 ]{uj;Jy; ][;jhtpd; 5tJ trdKk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk; Mapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 70tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; kMhp[;d; 4tJ trdk; ,iwtdpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk; Ik;gjpdhapuk; tUlq;fSf;Fr; rkkhdJ vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Nkw;gb trdk; czh;j;Jk; nghJthd fUj;J vd;dntdpy; my;yh`; fzf;fpLk; fhyk; g+kpapy; kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk; fhyj;NjhL xg;gpl KbahjjJ vd;gJjhd;. Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk; Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; kw;Wk; Ik;gjpdhapuk; Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ g+kpapy; kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLk; fhyk; MFk;. Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ kdpjh;fspd; ghh;itapy; kpfTk; mjpfkhd fhyfl;lk; MFk;. Mdhy; Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; vd;gJ my;yh`;tpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehisf;Fr; rkkhdJ. 3. 'at;k;" vd;why; fhyk; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;: Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; “'at;k;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ij gad;gLj;jg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. “'at;k;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F ehs; vd;w nghUs; jtpu> fhyk; vd;Wk; xU ePz;l fhyk; vd;Wk; nghUs; nfhs;syhk;. Nkw;gb trdq;fspy; tUk; “'at;k;" vd;w mugp thh;j;ijf;F ehs; vd;W nghUs; nfhs;shJ> fhyk; vd;W nghUs; nfhz;lhy; ve;j Fog;gKk; ,;y;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 22tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 47tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'(egpNa! ,d;Dk; tutpy;iyNa vd;W) Ntjidia mth;fs; mtrukhf NjLfpwhh;fs;. my;yh`; jd; thf;FWjpf;F khW nra;tNjapy;iy. NkYk; ck;Kila ,iwtdplk; xU ehs; vd;gJ> ePq;fs; fzf;fpLfpw Mapuk; Mz;Lfis NghyhFk;." (mj;jpahak; 22 ]_uj;jy; `[; 47tJ trdk;) ,iw ek;gpf;if nfhs;shjth;fs; jq;fsJ jz;lidf;fhf mtrug; gl;l nghOJ> my;yh`; ,wf;fpaUspa trdk; ,J. my;yh`; jd; thf;FWjpf;F khW nra;tNjapy;iy. my;yh`;tpd; ghh;itapy; xU ehs; vd;gJ> kdpjh;fs; fzf;fpLfpw Mapuk; Mz;Lfis NghyhFk; vd;W $WfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 32tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J]; ][;jhtpd; 5tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'thdj;jpypUe;J g+kp tiuapYKs;s fhhpaj;ij mtNd xOq;FgLj;Jfpwhd;: xUehs; (xt;nthU fhhpaKk;) mtdplNk NkNywpr; nry;Yk;. me;j (ehspd;) msT ePq;fs; fzf;fplf;$ba Mapuk; Mz;LfshFk;." (mj;jpahak; 32 ]_uj;J]; ][;jh 5tJ trdk;).

Nkw;gb mUs;kiwapd; trdk; xUehspy; vy;yhf; fhhpaq;fSk; my;yh`;tplNk NkNywpr; nry;Yk; vd;Wk;> me;j ehspd; msT ehk; (kdpjh;fs;) fzf;fplf;$ba Mapuk; Mz;LfshFk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 70tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J]; kMhp[; - d; 4tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'xUehs; kyf;FfSk;> ([pg;hPyhfpa) mt;thd;khTk;> mtdplk; Vwpr; nry;thh;fs;: m(j; jpdj;)jpd; msT Ik;gjpdhapuk; Mz;Lfs; (rkkhf) ,Uf;Fk;." (mj;jpahak; 70 ]_uj;J kMhp[; 4tJ trdk;)

kyf;FfSk;> Md;khf;fSk; my;yh`;it nrd;wilaf; $ba fhyk; Ik;gjpdhapuk; tUlq;fshf ,Uf;Fk; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,uz;L khWgl;l nray;fs; eilngwf; $ba fhyfl;lq;fs; rkkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw mtrpak; ,y;iy. cjhuzj;jpw;F ehd; nrd;idapypUe;J nrq;fy;gl;ilr; nrd;wila ,uz;L kzp Neuk; gpbf;fpwJ vd;fpNwd;. mNj Ntisapy; nrd;idapypUe;J fd;dpahFkhp nrd;wila 14 kzp Neuk; gpbf;fpwJ vd;fpNwd;. Nkw;gb ehd; nrhd;d vdJ ,uz;L $w;Wf;fSk; xd;NwhL xd;W Kuz;gltpy;iy. mNj Nghd;Wjhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdk; xd;NwhL xd;W Kuz;gLtNj ,y;iy. khwhf ep&gpf;fg;gl;l mwptpay; cz;ikfNshL rkd;gLfpwJ. Nfs;tp vz;: 17 Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; i\j;jhd; xU kyf;F ,dk; vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. Mdhy; mj;jpahak; f/Gtpy; i\j;jhd; xU [pd; ,dk; vd;fpwJ. ,t;thW Fh;Mdpy; Kuz;ghlhd trdq;fs; ,Ug;gJ rhpah?. egp Mjk; (miy) mth;fSk; - ,g;yP]{k; ,Uf;fpd;w tuyhw;W rk;gtq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; gy trdq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg; gl;Ls;sJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 2tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 34tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'gpd;dh; ehk; kyf;Ffis Nehf;fp> “''MjKf;F gzp(e;J ]{[{J nra;) Aq;fs;"" vd;W nrhd;dNghJ ,g;yPi]j; jtpu kw;w midtUk; rpuk; gzpe;jdh;. mtd; (,g;yP]{) kWj;jhd;: MztKk; nfhz;lhd;: ,d;Dk; mtd; fh/gph;fisr; rhh;e;jtdhfp tpl;lhd;." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 34 tJ trdk;) Nkw;gb nghUs; juf; $ba mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahaq;fspd; ngah;fSk; trdq;fspd; vz;fSk; gpd; tUkhW: mj;jpahak; 15 ]{uj;Jy; `p[;h; trdk; 28 - 31 mj;jpahak; 17 ]{uj;Jy; ,];uh trdk; 61 mj;jpahak; 20 ]{uj;Jy; jh`h trdk; 116 mj;jpahak; 38 ]{uj;Jy; ]hj; trdk; 71 - 74. Mdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; 18 ]{uj;Jy; f/Gtpd; 50tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'md;wpAk;> “''MjKf;F ]{[{J nra;Aq;fs;"" vd;W ehk; kyf;Ffsplj;jpy; $wpaij (egpNa) epidT $h;tPuhf: mg;NghJ ,g;yPi]j;jtpu> mth;fs; ]{[{J nra;jhh;fs;;: mtd; (,g;yP];) [pd; ,dj;ij Nrh;e;jtdhf ,Ue;jhd;.." (mj;jpahak; 18 ]_uj;Jy; f/G - 50tJ trdk;). 2.

mugpa Kiwapy; gpd;gw;Wjy;:

'gpd;dh; ehk; kyf;Ffis Nehf;fp> “MjKf;F gzp(e;J ]{[{J nra;) Aq;fs; vd;W nrhd;dNghJ ,g;yPi]j; jtpu kw;w midtUk; rpuk; gzpe;jdh;. mtd; (,g;yP]{) kWj;jhd;: MztKk; nfhz;lhd;: ,d;Dk; mtd; fh/gph;fisr; rhh;e;jtdhfp tpl;lhd;."((mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 34tJ trdk;) Nkw;gb mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; nkhopahf;fj;ij ehk; NkNyhl;lkhfg; gbj;jg; ghh;j;jhy; ,g;yP]{k; kyf;F ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; jhNdh vd;W ek;ik vz;zj; J}z;Lk;. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; mugp nkhopapy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. mugp ,yf;fzj;jpy; xU fl;lisia gpd;gw;Wtjw;nfd;W Xh; Kiw cs;sJ. mjw;F “'jf;yPj;" vd;W ngah;. Nkw;gb Kiwg;gb ngUk;ghyhdth;fSf;F tpjpf;fg; glf;$ba fl;lis -rpWghd;ikahf cs;sth;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F 100 khzth;fs; cs;s xU tFg;giwapy; 99 Ngh; Mz;fSk; kPjp xUth; khj;jpuk; ngz;dzhfTk; ,Uf;fpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mz; khzth;fs; midtUk; vOe;jpUq;fs; vd;W ehd; mugp nkhopapy; nrhd;dhy;> mJ tFg;giwapy; mkh;e;jpUf;Fk; ngz; khztpf;Fk; nghUe;Jk;. ngz; khztpAk; vOe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ehd; mugpapy; jdpahfr; nrhy;y Ntz;ba fl;lhak; ,y;iy. mJNghyj;jhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; Nkw;gb trdj;jpYk;> my;yh`; kyf;FfSf;F fl;lisapLk;NghJ - ,g;yP]{k; mq;F ,Ue;jjhy; - ,g;yP]{f;F vd;W jdpahf fl;lisapl Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy. mt;thW ,g;yP]{f;F vd;W jdpahf fl;lis ,lhj fhuzj;jhy; ,g;yP]{k; - kyf;F ,dNkh vd;W ek;ik vz;zj; J}z;LfpwJ. Mdhy; ,g;y{]; kyf;F ,dk; ,y;iy. mtd; [pd; ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; vd;gJ mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 18tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; f/Gtpd; 50tJ trdj;jpypUe;J ehk; njspthf mwpayhk;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; kw;w ve;j trdj;jpYk; ,g;y{]; kyf;F ,dk; vd;W Fwpg;gpltpy;iy vd;gjhYk;> mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 18tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; f/Gtpd; 50tJ trdk; ,g;yP]{ [pd; ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd; vd;W njspthf Fwpg;gpLtjhYk; - ,g;yP]{ [pd; ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;jtd;jhd; vd;gij ehk; njspthf tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;. 3.

[pd;fSf;F my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;fNth my;yJ Vw;fhky; ,Uf;fNth cs;s Rje;jpuk; cz;L.

mLj;J [pd;fs; Rje;jpukhdit. mitfs; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;W elf;fNth my;yJ my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia epuhfhpf;fNth cs;s chpik cz;L. Mdhy; kyf;FfSf;F my;yh`; mw;j chpikia toq;ftpy;iy. kyf;Ffs; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia mg;gbNa Vw;W nray;glf; $bait. vdNy ,g;yP]; kyf;F ,dkhf ,Ue;jhy;> my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia epuhfhpf;Fk; nraYf;Nf ,lkpy;iy. ,t;thW my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia ,g;yP]; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shky; epuhfhpj;jjpypUe;Jk; - ,g;yP]; kyf;F ,dky;y. [pd; ,dk;jhd; vd;gij ehk; njspthf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 18 gpugy gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpapd; fUj;Jg;gb Fh;Mdpy; jtwhd fzf;Ftiffs; ,Uf;fpd;wd. Fh;Mdpy; cs;s ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahj;jpd; 11Mk; kw;Wk; 12 Mk; trdj;jpd;gb thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhy; - gphpj;Jf; nfhLf;fg;glf; $ba nrhj;J xd;Wf;Fk; Nkw;gl;ljhf tUfpwJ. vdNt Fh;Mid mUspatUf;F fzf;Fj; njhpatpy;iy vd;W vLj;Jf; nfhs;syhkh?. 31

gjpy;: thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s trdq;fs; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd: mj;jpahak; mj;jpahak; mj;jpahak; mj;jpahak; mj;jpahak;

,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; ehd;F ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; ehd;F ]{uj;Jy; ep\htpd; Ie;J ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd;

nfhLg;gJ

gw;wp

mUs;kiw

Fh;Mdpd;

fPo;

180 tJ trdk; 240 tJ trdk; 7tJ trdk; Kjy; 9tJ trdk; tiu 19tJ trdKk; 33tJ trdKk; 105tJ trdKk; 108tJ trdKk;.

thhpRjhuh;fSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; ep\htpd; 11tJ trdKk;> 12tJ trdKk;> 176tJ trdKk; kpfj; njspthd tpsf;fk; mspf;fpd;wd. gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hp Fwpg;gpLk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd; ep\htpd; 11tJ trdj;ijAk;> 12tJ trdj;ijAk; ehk; ,g;NghJ Ma;T nra;Nthk;.

'cq;fs; kf;fspy; Xh; MZf;F ,uz;L ngz;fSf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; gq;F Nghd;wJ fpilf;Fk; vd;W my;yh`; cq;fSf;F cgNjrpf;fpd;whd;: ngz;fs; kl;Lk; ,Ue;J mth;fs; ,uz;L my;yJ mjw;F Nkw;gl;bUe;jhy; mth;fSf;F ,we;J Nghdth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; %d;wpy; ,uz;L ghfk; fpilf;Fk;. Mdhy; xNu ngz;zhf ,Ue;jhy; mts; gq;F ghjpahFk;> ,we;jtUf;F Foe;ij ,Uf;Fkhdhy; ,we;jth; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; Mwpy; xU ghfk; (mtuJ) ngw;Nwhh; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; cz;L. Mdhy; ,we;jtUf;F Foe;ij ,y;yhjpUe;J ngw;Nwhh; khj;jpuNk thhprhf ,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F %d;wpy; xU ghfk; (kPjp je;ijf;F chpajhFk;): ,we;jtUf;F rNfhjuh;fs; ,Ue;jhy; mth; jha;f;F Mwpy; xU ghfk; jhd; (kPjp je;ijf;Fr; NrUk;). ,t;thW gphpj;Jf; nfhLg;gJ mth; nra;Js;s kuz rh]dj;ijAk; flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh; jhd;: cq;fs; ngw;Nwhh;fSk; Foe;ijfSk; ,th;fspy; ahh; ed;ik gag;gjpy; cq;fSf;F neUf;fkhf ,Ug;gth;fs; vd;W ePq;fs; mwpakhl;Bh;fs;: Mifapdhy; (,e;j ghfg; gphptpid) my;yh`;tplkpUe;J te;j fl;lsiahFk;: epr;rakhf my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;) ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk; kpf;f QhdKila tdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." ,d;Dk; cq;fs; kidtpah; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; - mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,y;yhjpUe;jhy; cq;fSf;Fg; ghjp ghfk; cz;L: mth;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,Ue; jhy; mth;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wtw;wpypUe;J cq;fSf;F fhy; ghfk;jhd; - (,JTk;) mth;fs; nra;jpUf;fpw kuz rh]dj;ijAk;> flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh; jhd; - jtpu cq;fSf;Fg; gps;isapy;yhjpUg;gpd; ePq;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;w jpypUe;J mth;fSf;Ff; fhy; ghfk; jhd;> cq;fSf;Fg; gps;is ,Ue;jhy; mg;NghJ mth;fSf;F ePq;fs; tpl;Lr; nrd;wjpy; vl;by; xU ghfk; jhd;: (,JTk;) ePq;fs; nra;jpUf;Fk; kuz rh]dj;ijAk; flidAk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dNu jhd;: je;ij> ghl;ld; Nghd;w Kd; thhpRfNsh my;yJ gps;is Ngud; Nghd;w gpd;thhpRfNsh ,y;yhj Xh; MNzh my;yJ xU ngz;Nzh ,th;fSf;F xU rNfhjuNdh my;yJ xU rNfhjhpNah ,Ue;jhy; - mth;fs; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; Mwpy; xU ghfk; cz;L> Mdhy; ,jw;F mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; mth;fs; %d;wpy; xU ghfj;jpy; rkkhfg; gq;fpl;Lf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. (,JTk;) mth;fspd; kuz rh]dKk; flDk; epiwNtw;wpa gpd;dh;jhd;: Mdhy; (kuz rh]dj;ijf; nfhz;L thhpRfs;)vtUf;Fk; e\;lk; Vw;glf; $lhJ> (,J) my;yh`;tpdhy; 32

tpjpf;fg;gl;ljhFk;. ,d;Dk; my;yh`; (ahtw;iwAk;) ed;fwpe;jtdhfTk> kpf;f nghWikAilNahDkhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (my;-Fh;Md; 4tJ mj;jpahak; ]}uj;Jd; dp]htpd; 11 kw;Wk; 12 tJ trdq;fs;). thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpl;Lf; nfhLg;gJ njhptpf;fpd;wJ. thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpl;Lf; khj;jpuk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; nrhy;fpwJ. mUs;kiw tpsf;fq;fq;fis ehk; `jP];fspy; - mjhtJ K`k;kJ ,Ue;J mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;.

gw;wp ,];yhk; kpfTk; tphpthf nfhLg;gJ gw;wpa Kf;fpa gFjpia Fh;Md; nrhd;d Kf;fpa gFjpapd; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; topfhl;Ljypy;

,];yhk; thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fisg; gq;fpl;L toq;FtJ gw;wpa rl;lq;fspd; KO tpguq;fisAk; ehk; Ma;T nra;a Kad;Nwhk; vdpy; - xU kdpjd; jd; tho;ehs; KOtijAk; nryT nra;J Ma;T nra;af; $ba mstpw;F cz;lhd nra;jpfs; mjpy; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,];yhk; thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fisg; gq;fpl;L toq;FtJ gw;wpa rl;lj;jpd; mbg;gil jj;Jtq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;s tpUk;ghj gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hp> mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ,uz;L trdq;fis NknyOe;jthhpahf gbj;Jtpl;L> mjd; KO rl;lj;ijAk; njhpe;J nfhs;s tpUk;Gfpwhh;. NkNy Fwpg;gplgl;lthpd; Kaw;rpahdJ - fzpjtpaypd; mbg;gilj; jj;Jtj;ij mwpahj xUth;> gpd;df; fzf;Ffis rhpnra;a Kaw;rp nra;tJ Nghd;wjhFk;. fzpjtpaypd; mbg;gil jj;jtk; “B O D M A S” vd;gjhFk;. xU gpd;df; fzf;if Kiwg;gb rhp nra;a> gpd;df; fzf;fpy; ve;j fzf;Ff;Fwp Kjypy; te;jhYk; - fzpjtpaypd; mbg;gil jj;Jtk; “B O D M A S” Kiwapy;jhd; gpd;df; fzf;if rhp nra;a Ntz;Lk;. 1. Brackets Off -

2. Division Multification 4. Addition 5. Subtraction 3.

milg;Gf; Fwpfs; ePf;fg;gLjy; tFj;jy; ngUf;fy; $l;ly; fopj;jy;.

mUz;#hp gpd;df; fzf;fpd; mbg;gil jj;Jtk; “B O D M A S” gw;wp mwpahjtuhf ,Ug;gjhy; Kjypy; ngUf;fiyAk; ,uz;lhtjhf fopj;jiyAk; - %d;whtjhf milg;Gf; Fwpfis ePf;FjiyAk; - ehd;fhtjhf tFj;jiyAk; - filrpapy; $l;liyAk; nra;jpUf;fpwhh;. vdNt mtUf;F fpilf;Fk; tpil epr;rakhf jtwhdjhfj;jhd; ,Uf;Fk;. mUs;kiw

Fh;Md;

thhpRfSf;F nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fpl;L toq;Fjy; gw;wpa trdq;fspy; (Al – Quran 4: 11, 12) Kjypy; gps;isfSf;F fpilf;f Ntz;ba gq;F> gpd;dh; ngw;NwhUf;F fpilf;f Ntz;ba gq;F kw;Wk; fztUf;Nfh my;yJ kidtpf;Nfh (Spouse) fpilf;f Ntz;ba gq;Ffis gw;wp njhptpj;jhYk;> ,];yhkpa thhpRhpikr; rl;lg;gb - Kjypy; nfhLf;f Ntz;ba fld;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh; fztUf;Nfh my;yJ kidtpf;Nfh (Spouse) nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba gq;FfSk; - ngw;NwhUf;F nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba gq;FfSk; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb gq;fPL - ,we;jth; gps;isfs; cs;stuh? - ,y;iyah? vd;gijAk;> mthplk; NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l tifapy; nrhj;Jf;fis gq;fPL nra;j gpd;G> NkYk; nrhj;Jf;fs; vQ;rpapUf;fpwjh vd;gijAk; nghUj;jJ. NkYk; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; nrhj;Jf;fs; mtuJ Mz; thhpRfSf;Fk; - ngz; thhpRfSf;Fk; chpa Kiwg;gb gq;fPL nra;ag;gl Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb ,];yhkpa Kiwapy; nrhj;Jf;fs; gq;fPL nra;ag;gLk; nghOJ jtWfs; tUtjw;F tha;g;Ng ,y;iy. fzpjtpay; njhpahjtd; my;yh`; my;y. fzpjtpay; mwpahjth; gj;jphpf;ifahsh; mUz;#hpjhd;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 19 Fh;Mdpd; Vuhskhd ,lq;fspy; my;yh`; kpf;f fUizahsd;. kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd; vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. Mdhy; mNj Neuj;jpy; fLikahd jz;lidfs; cz;Lk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. MfNt ,iwtd; kd;dpg;ghsdh?. ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh?. 1.

my;yh`; mstpyh fUizahsd;..!

my;yh`; mstpyh fUizahsd; - vd;W mUs;kiw Fh;Md; gyKiw $WfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 114 mj;jpahaq;fspy; xNunahU mj;jpahak; (mj;jpahak; 9 ]{uj;Jj; njsgh)itj; jtpu> kw;w midj;J mj;jpahaq;fSk; “'gp];kpy;yh `ph; u`;khdph; u`Pk;" - vd;fpw mofpa thf;fpaj;NjhL Muk;gkhfpd;wd. “'gp];kpy;yh `ph; u`;khdph; u`Pk;" - vd;fpw mugpg; gjj;jpd; nghUs; - mstpyh fUizAk;> ,izapyh fpUigAKila my;yh`;tpd; jpUg;ngauhy; vd;gjhFk;. 2.

my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghsd;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; cs;s Vuhskhd trdq;fs; my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghsd; vd;W $Wfpd;wJ. Fwpg;ghf mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp]htpd; 25tJ trdKk;> Ie;jhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; khapjhtpd; 74tJ trdKk; fPo; fz;lthW $Wfpd;wd.

'..,d;Dk; my;yh`; kd;dpg;NghdhfTk;> kpf;f fUizAilNahdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;". (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]htpd; 25tJ trdk;) '..my;yh`; kpf;f kd;dpg;gtdhfTk;> ngUk; fUizahsdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;.." (mj;jpahak; 5 ]_uj;Jy; khapjh 74tJ trdk;). 3.

my;yh`; jz;lid ngwj; jFjpahdth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid toq;Ffpwhd;.

my;yh`; fUizahsdhfTk;> kd;dpg;NghdhfTk; ,Ue;jhYk; jz;lid ngwj; jFjpahdth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid toq;Ftjpy; tpjptpyf;fpy;yhky; jz;lid toq;Ffpwhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; trdq;fs; gytw;wpy; ,iw tpRthrk; nfhs;shjth;fSf;Fk;> ,iw cz;ikia Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjth;fSf;Fk; fLikahd jz;lid cz;L vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;f kWj;jth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid cz;L vd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gy trdq;fs; my;yh`;tpd; fl;lisia Vw;f kWj;jth;fSf;F eufj;jpy; toq;fg;gLk; fLikahd jz;lidfspd; tiffs; vd;d?. mitfs; vt;thW toq;fg;gLk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ.

'ahh; ek; Ntj trdq;fis epuhfhpf;fpwhh;fNsh> mth;fis ehk; epr;rakhf eufj;jpy; GFj;jp tpLNthk;: mth;fs; Njhy;fs; fUfptpLk; Nghnjy;yhk; mitay;yh (NtW) Njhy;fis> mth;fs; Ntjidia mDgtpg;gjw;nfd> mth;fSf;F ehk; khw;wpf; nfhz;Nl ,Ug;Nghk; - epr;rakhf my;yh`; kpifj;jtdhfTk;> QhdKs;stdhfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whd;." (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jdpdp]h 56tJ mj;jpahak;) 4.

my;yh`; ePjpahsd;.

my;yh`; kd;dpg;ghsdh?. ,y;iy gopthq;Fgtdh? vd;gNj ,q;F Nfl;fg;gl;l Nfs;tp. ,q;F xU Kf;fpakhd fUj;ij ehk; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. my;yh`; kd;dpg;gtd;. kpf;f fUizahsd;. mNj Neuj;jpy; my;yh`; ePjp ghpghypg;gtDk; Mthd;. vdNt ePjp ghpghypf;fg;gl ntz;Lnkdpy;> epuhfhpg;gth;fSf;F fLikahd jz;lid toq;fpNaj; jPu Ntz;Lk;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ehd;fhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jd;dp\htpd; 40tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. 34

'epr;rakhf my;yh`; (vtUf;Fk;) xU mZtsT $l mepahak; nra;a khl;lhd;;" (mj;jpahak; 4 ]_uj;Jd;dp]h 40tJ trdk;).

NkYk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;gpahtpd; 47tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

',d;Dk; fpahk ehspy; kpfj; Jy;ypakhd juhRfisNa ehk; itg;Nghk;. vdNt ve;j Xh; Mj;khTk; xU rpwpJk; mepahak; nra;ag;gl khl;lhJ: NkYk; (ed;ik> jPikapy;) xU fLF msT vilapUg;gpDk;> mjidAk; ehk; (fzf;fpy;) nfhz;L tUNthk;. mt;thW fzf;nfLf;f ehNk NghJk;". (mj;jpahak; 21 ]_uj;Jy; md;gpah 47tJ trdk;) 5.

Njh;tpy; fhg;gp mbf;Fk; khztid - kd;dpf;ff;$ba Mrphpah; Xh; cjhuzk;:

Mrphpah; xUth; Njh;T ele;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; nghOJ khztd; xUtd; fhg;gp mbg;gij ifAk; fsTkhf gpbj;J tpLfpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mrphpah; fUiz cs;sk; nfhz;lth;. kd;dpf;Fk; kNdh gf;FtKk; cs;sth;. vdNt njhlh;e;J fhg;gp mbf;f khztid mDkjpj;J tpLfpwhh; vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mrphpaiu fUiz cs;sk; nfhz;lth; vd;Wk;> kd;dpf;Fk; kNdh gf;Ftk; cs;sth; vd;Wk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; mNj Ntisapy;> ,uT KOtJk; fz; tpopj;J gbj;J tpl;L te;J Njh;T vOJk; kw;w khzth;fs; Mrphpaiu mepahaf;fhuh; vd;W miog;ghh;fs;. Mrphpahpd; fUizAs;sk; NkYk; gy khzth;fis Njh;tpy; fhg;gp mbf;fj; J}z;Lk;. ,JNghy vy;yh Mrphpah;fSk; fUizAs;sk; nfhz;L khzth;fis Njh;tpy; fhg;gp mbf;f mDkjpj;jhy;> vy;yh khzth;fsplKk; Njh;Tf;fhf gbj;J vOJk; gof;fk; khwp> fhg;gp mbf;Fk; gof;fk; cUthFk;. fhg;gp mbj;jjhy; vy;yh khzth;fSk; mjpf kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw;W Njh;r;rp ngWthh;fs;. njhptpaypy; mjpf kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw;W ntw;wp ngWk; khzth;fs;> eilKiw thof;ifapy; Njhy;tpiaj;jhd; re;jpg;ghh;fs;. khzth;fSf;fhf Njh;T elj;Jtjpd; KO Nehf;fKk; Njhy;tpiaj; jOTk; vd;gJ epr;rak;. 6.

kdpjDila ,t;Tyf tho;f;if> kWik tho;f;iff;fhd Njh;T.

ek;Kila ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifahdJ kWik tho;f;iff;F chpa Njh;Tjhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 67tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; Ky;f; - d; 2tJ trdk; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. 'cq;fspy; vth; nray;fshy; kpfTk; mofhdth; vd;gijr; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhf mtd;> kuzj;ijAk; tho;itAk; gilj;jhd;: NkYk;> mtd; (ahtiuAk;) kpifj;jtd;: kpf kd;dpg;gtd;". (mj;jpahak; 67 ]_uj;Jy; Ky;f; - 2tJ trdk;). 7.

my;yh`; vy;yh kdpjh;fisAk; jz;lid mspf;fhky;> kd;dpj;J tpLtjhf ,Ue;jhy; ahh;jhd; my;yh`;Tf;F mbgzpthh;?.

my;yh`; ve;j kdpjUf;Fk; jz;lid mspg;gjpy;iy. vy;yh kdpjh;fSf;fk; kd;dpg;gspj;J tpl;L tpLthd; vd;fpw epiy ,Uf;Fk; vdpy; - kdpjh;fs; Vd; my;yh`;Tf;F mb gzpe;J elf;f Ntz;Lk;?. ahUk; eufj;Jf;F Nghfkhl;lhh;fs; vd;gij ehDk; Mjhpf;fpNwd;. Mdhy; kdpjh;fs; thOk; ,e;j cyfk; my;yth eufkhfg; khwp tpLk;. vy;yh kdpjh;fSk; ghugl;rkpd;wp nrhh;f;fj;jpw;Fj;jhd; nry;thh;fs; vdpy; - kdpjd; ,t;Tyfpy; gilf;fg; gl;ljpd; Nehf;fk;jhd; vd;d? vdNt ,t;Tyf tho;f;if vd;gJ kWik tho;f;iff;F cz;lhd xU Njh;Ntad;wp Ntwpy;iy. 8.

my;yh`; - jd; fl;lisfSf;Ff; fPo; gbfpwth;fSf;F khj;jpuk;jhd; kd;dpg;G toq;Fthd;.

my;yh`; - jd; fl;lisffSf;Ff; fPo; gbfpwth;fSf;F khj;jpuk;jhd; kd;dpg;G toq;Fthd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 39tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J[; [{khpd; 53 Kjy; 55tJ trdq;fs; fPo; fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ: 35

'vd; mbahh;fNs!. (cq;fspy;) vtUk; tuk;G kPwp jkf;Fj;jhNk jPq;fpioj;Jf; nfhz;l NghjpYk;> my;yh`;Tila u`;kj;jpy; mth; ek;gpf;ifapof;f Ntz;lhk;. epr;rakhf my;yh`; ghtq;fs; ahitAk; kd;dpg;ghd; - epr;rakhf mtd; kpf;f kd;dpg;gtd;: kpf;f fUizAilatd; (vd;W ehd; $wpaij egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf." MfNt (kdpjh;fNs!) cq;fSf;F Ntjid tUk; Kd;dNu ePq;fs;> cq;fs; ,iwtd; ghy; jpUk;gp> mtDf;Nf Kw;wpYk; topgLq;fs;: (Ntjid te;J tpl;lhy;) gpd;G ePq;fs; cjtp nra;ag;gl khl;Bh;fs;. ePq;fs; mwpahj tpjj;jpy;> jpBnud cq;fsplk; Ntjid tUk;Kd;dNu> cq;fs; ,witdhy; cq;fSf;fUsg;gl;l mofhdtw;iw gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. (mj;jpahak; 39 ]_uj;Jy; [_kh; 53 Kjy; 55tJ tiuAs;s trdq;fs;).

ele;j jtwpypUe;J jpUe;JtJ vd;gJ ehd;F tifahFk;: 1. Kjypy; ePq;fs; nra;Ak; jtwhd nray;fs; ey;yJ ,y;iy vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. 2. ,uz;lhtjhf nra;Ak; jtWfis cldbahf epWj;Jq;fs;. 3. %d;wtjhf ePq;fs; nra;j jtWfis ,dp xUNghJk; nra;ahjPh;fs;. 4. nra;j jtWfSf;fhf ghpfhuk; NjLq;fs;;. Nfs;tp vz;: 20 ,iwtd;> “'fh/gph;fspd;" (epuhfhpg;gth;fspd;) ,jaq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;Jtpl;Nld;. MfNt mth;fs; ek;gpf;if nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;." vd;fpwhd;. nra;jpfis Ghpe;J nfhz;L - ek;gpf;if nfhs;tjw;F fhuzkhf miktJ - kdpjdpd; %isNaj; jtpu - kdpjdpd; ,jak; my;y vd;gJ ,d;iwa mwptpay; ekf;F fw;Wj; jUk; ghlk;. NkNy nrhy;yg;gl;l Fh;Mdpa trdk; mwptpay; cz;ikf;F KuzhdJ ,y;iyah?. gjpy;: mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 2tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 6 kw;Wk; 7tJ trdq;fs; fPo; fz;lthW $Wfpd;wd:

'epr;rakhf fh/gph;fis (,iwtid epuhfhpg;Nghiu) ePh; mr;r%l;b vr;rhpj;jhYk; (rhp) my;yJ vr;rhpf;fhtpl;lhYk; rhpNa! mth;fs; <khd; (,iw ek;gpf;if) nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs;." my;yh`; mth;fspd; ,jaq;fspYk;> mth;fspd; nrtpg;Gyd;fspYk; Kj;jpiu itj;J tpl;lhd;: ,d;Dk; mth;fspd; ghh;it kPJ xU jpiu fplf;fpwJ: NkYk; mth;fSf;Ff; fLikahd NtjidAKz;L." (mj;jpahak; 2 ]_uj;Jy; gfuh - 6 kw;Wk; 7Mk; trdq;fs;) 2.

mugp thh;j;ijahd “'fy;g;"

vd;gjw;F mwpTj;jpwd; vd;Wk; nghUs; cz;L.

Nkw;gb mUs;kiw trdj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; mugp thh;j;ijahd “'fy;g;" vd;gjw;F ,jak; vd;w nghUs; jtpu> mwpTj;jpwd; vd;Wk; nghUs; cz;L. vdNt Nkw;fz;l trdj;jpw;F my;yh`; - ,iw epuhfhpg;ghsh;fspd; -mwpTj;jpwd; kPJ Kj;jpiuapl;L tpl;lhd; vdNt mth;fs; Ghpe;J nfhs;sTk; khl;lhh;fs; - ,iw ek;gpf;if nfhs;sTk; khl;lh;fs; - vd;W nghUs; nfhs;tNj rhpahdJ. 3.

mugp nkhopapy; nfhs;syhk;.

,jak;

vd;gjw;F

Ghpe;J

nfhs;sf;$ba

ikak;

vd;Wk;

mugp nkhopapy; xUthpd; Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba ikaj;ij Fwpg;gpLtjw;F “'fy;g;" vd;w thh;j;ijiaAk; gad;gLj;Jfpwhh;fs;. 36

nghUs; (cs;sk;)

Mq;fpy nkhopapy; Vuhskhd thh;j;ijfs; - vOj;jpy; xU mh;j;jj;ijf; nfhz;bUe;jhYk; - mitfis gad;gLj;Jk; NghJ khw;W mh;j;jj;ij juf;$ba thh;j;ijfs; Vuhsk; cs;sd.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; “'Ydhbf;" (Lunatic) vd;w thh;j;ij epyT rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ MFk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb thh;j;ij ,d;iwf;F kdeyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; vd;fpw nghUspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. epyTf;Fk; - kd eyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;Fk; ve;j njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;. ,Ug;gpDk; kd eyk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;F rpfpr;ir nra;af; $ba kUj;Jth; $l Nkw;gb thh;j;ijia rh;t rhjhuzkhf gad;gLj;Jtij ghh;f;fpNwhk;. nkhopg; ghpzhkj;jpy; ,J Nghd;w epfo;Tfs; vd;gJ rhjhuzk;. B.

b];M];lh; (Disaster) vd;gJ xU el;rj;jpuk;.

Mq;fpyj;jpy; b];M];lh; (Disaster) vd;why; xU jPa el;rj;jpuk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb thh;j;ij ,d;iwf;F jpBnud Njhd;Wk; xU Jh;mjph;\;lk; my;yJ ngUe;Jauk; vd;w nghUspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. b];M];lh; (Disaster) vd;w el;rj;jpuj;jpw;Fk;> ngUe;Jauj;jpw;Fk; ve;j njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gij ehk; midtUk; ed;whf mwpNthk;. C.

buptpay; (Trivial) vd;w Mq;fpy thh;j;ijf;F %d;W rhiyfs; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk; vd;W nghUs;. buptpay; (Trivial) vd;w Mq;fpy thh;j;ijf;F %d;W rhiyfs; re;jpf;Fk; ,lk; vd;W nghUs;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb thh;j;ij ,d;iwf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,y;yhj tp\aq;fs; vd;w nghUspy; gad; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. buptpay; (Trivial) vd;w Mq;fpy thh;j;ijf;Fk; - Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,y;yhj tp\aq;fSf;Fk; ve;j njhlh;Gk; ,y;iy vd;gJ ehk; midtUk; ed;whf mwpNthk;. D. rd;iu]; (Sunrise) kw;Wk; rd;nrl; (Sunset) rd;iu]; (Sunrise) vd;why; Neub nghUs; nfhs;tjhf ,Ue;jhy; #hpad; NknyOtJ vd;W nghUs; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy;> #hpa cjaj;jpd; NghJ cz;ikapNyNa #hpad; NknyOfpwjh vd;why; - ,y;iy. khwhf g+kp Roy;tjhy; cs;s khw;wj;jhy; #hpad; NknyOtJ Nghd;Wk; - #hpad; kiwtJ Nghd;Wk; njhpfpwNjj; jtpu> cz;ikapy; #hpad; NknyOtNjh my;yJ kiwtNjh ,y;iy. ,Ug;gpDk; ,d;iwf;Fk; ehk; rd;iu]; (Sunrise) kw;Wk; rd;nrl; (Sunset) vd;fpw Mq;fpy thh;j;ijfis #hpad; nknyOtJ - #hpad; kiwtJ Nghd;w nghUspy;jhd; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk;. 5.

Mq;fpy nkhopapy; ,jak;jhd; md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fk; - czh;r;rptag; gLtjw;Fk; ikakhf fUjg;gLfpwJ.

Mq;fpy nkhopapy; “Heart” mjhtJ ,jak; vd;why; ,uj;jj;ij Xlr; nra;Ak; Xh; clYWg;G vd;gij ehk; vy;NyhUk; mwpNthk;. Mdhy; “Heart” mjhtJ ,jak; vd;fpw thh;j;ij epidg;gjw;Fk;> md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fk;> czh;r;rp tag;gLtjw;Fk; chpa ikak; vd;w nghUspy; gad; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,d;iwf;F epidg;gjw;Fk;> md;G nrYj;Jtjw;Fk;> czh;r;rp tag;gLtjw;Fk; gad;glf;$ba kdpj cWg;G %is vd;gij ehk; midtUk; mwpNthk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> jdJ czh;Tfis ntspg;gLj;j tpUk;Gk; kdpjd;> “'ehd; cd;id vdJ ,jaj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;J tpUk;GfpNwd;" vd;W nrhy;yf; Nfl;fpNwhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F xU mwptpay; mwpQh; jdJ kidtpaplk; “ehd; cd;id vdJ ,jaj;jpd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;J tpUk;GfpNwd;> vd;W nrhy;fpwhh; vd;W itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. clNd mtuJ kidtp nrhy;fpwhh;> 'cq;fSf;F mbg;gil mwptpay; mwpT $lf; fpilahjh?. md;G nrYj;JtJ %isNaj; jtpu> ,jak; ,y;iy?. ePq;fs; cq;fs; %isapd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;J vd;id tpUk;Gtjhfj;jhd; nrhy;ypapUf;f Ntz;Lk;? vd;W gjpyspj;jhy; vg;gb ,Uf;Fk; vd;W fw;gid nra;J ghUq;fs;.

'fy;g;" mjhtJ ,jak; vd;gjw;F rpe;jpg;ajw;Fk;> czh;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; chpa ikak; vd;w nghUs; vd;gJ mugpnkhop njhpe;j midtUk; mwpe;jNj.

'fy;g;" mjhtJ ,jak; vd;gjw;F rpe;jpg;ajw;Fk;> czh;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; chpa ikak; vd;w nghUs; vd;gij mugp nkhop mwpe;jth;fs;; njhpe;jpUg;gjhy; my;yh`; Vd; epuhfhpg;gth;fspd; ,jq;fspy; Kj;jpiu itj;J tpl;Nld; vd;fpwhd; vd;w Nfs;tpia mugp nkhop mwpe;j vtUk; Nfl;gjpy;iy.

mstpyh fUizAk; ,izapyh fpUigAKila vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`;tpd; NguUshy;. ,];yhj;ijg; gw;wp ,e;Jf;fshy; Nfl;fg;gLk; nghJthd Nfs;tpfs;: 1. ,e;J kjj;jpy; rpiy tzf;fk; ,y;iy vd;gij ,e;J gz;bjh;fSk; ,e;J mwpQh;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; kdpjd; tzq;fj; Jtq;Fk; Muk;g fhyfl;lq;fspy; mtdJ kdij xUikg;gLj;j rpiy mtrpakhfpwJ. kdpj kdk; xUikg;gLk; gf;Ftk; te;j gpwF me;j rpiy mtrpakpy;iy. rhpah? 2. jz;zPh; gy nkhopfspYk; gy ngah;fspy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F Mq;fpyj;jpy; thl;lh; vd;Wk; - `pe;jpapy; ghzp vd;Wk; - kiyahsj;jpy; nts;sk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. mJNghyj;jhd; flTSk; - my;yh`; vd;Wk; - ,NaR vd;Wk; - uhk; -vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. vdNt flTs;fs; midtUk; xd;WjhNd? 3. ,e;J kjk; cyfpy; Njhd;wpa kjq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl goikahd kjk;. vdNt ,e;J kjk;jhd; kpfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk;> -midtuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhfTk;> kpfr; rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iyah? 4.

,e;J kjj;jpy; ,Ug;gJNghy; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; kWgpwtp vd;w ek;gpf;if ,y;iyNa. Vd;?

5. ,e;J kjj;jpy; ,we;J Nghdtiu vhpj;J tpLtJ Nghy;> ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; ,we;jth;fis vhpf;fhky;> kz;zpy; Gijg;gJ Vd;? 6. jpUkzkhd ,e;J ngz;fs; new;wpapy; jpyfk; ,LtJ - nghl;L itg;gJ - jhyp mzpe;J nfhs;tJ Nghd;W> jpUkzkhd ,];yhkpa ngz;fs; - new;wpapy; nghl;L itg;gNjh - jhyp mzpe;J nfhs;tNjh ,y;iyNa. Vd;? 7. K];ypk;fs; njhOiff;fhf miof;Fk; nghOJ> ,e;jpahtpy; tho;e;J kiwe;j mf;gh; Nguurhpd; ngaiu vjw;fhfr; nrhy;fpwPh;fs;? 8. nrhj;J> jpUkzk;> tpthfuj;J Nghd;w tptfhuq;fspy; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs; jq;fSf;nfdj; jdpahd rl;lq;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; NghJ> Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fspYk; ,];yhkpah;fs; ,];yhkpa rl;lj; jpl;lq;fis mky; nra;a Ntz;baJ jhNd? (cjhuzj;jpw;F jpUbdhy; ifia ntl;LtJ Nghd;wJ..) 9. ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;Jg;gb cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU ehl;bw;Fk; ,iwj;J}jh;fs; mDg;gg; gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. mg;gbnadpy; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh; ahh;? uhkiuAk;> fpU\;ziuAk; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh? 10. ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;Jg;gb xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,iwtdhy; ,iwNtjq;fs; ,t;TyFf;F mDg;gg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd. mg;gbnadpy; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjk; vJ? ,e;J Ntjq;fisAk;> kw;WKs;s ,e;Jj;Jt fhtpaq;fisAk; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjq;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh?

Nfs;tp vz;: 1 ,e;J kjj;jpy; rpiy tzf;fk; ,y;iy vd;gij ,e;J gz;bjh;fSk; ,e;J mwpQh;fSk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;. Mdhy; kdpjd; tzq;fj; Jtq;Fk; Muk;g fhyfl;lq;fspy; mtdJ kdij xUikg;gLj;j rpiy mtrpakhfpwJ. kdpj kdk; xUikg;gLk; gf;Ftk; te;j gpwF me;j rpiy mtrpakpy;iy. rhpah? gjpy;: kdij xUik gLj;Jtjpy; cr;repiyapy; ,Uf;fpwhh;fs; ,];yhkpah;fs;: kdij xUik gLj;Jtjpy; cr;repiyapy; cs;sth;fs; ,];yhkpah;fNs! kdpjd; flTis tzq;fj; Jtq;Fk; Muk;g fhyfl;lq;fspy; mtdJ kdij xUikg;gLj;j rpiy mtrpakhfpwJ. kdpj kdk; xUikg;gLk; epiy te;j gpwF me;j rpiy mtrpakpy;iy vd;gJ rhpahdJ vdpy;> kdij xUik gLj;Jtjpy; cr;repiyapy; cs;sth;fs; ,];yhkpah;fs;jhd;. Vnddpy; ,];yhkpah;fshfpa ehq;fs; my;yh`;it tzq;Fk;NghJ> kdij xUikg; gLj;j vq;fSf;F rpiy vJTk; Njitapy;iy vd;gij ehd; cq;fSf;F ,e;Neuj;jpy; Rl;bf;fhl;l tpUk;GfpNwd;. ,b ,bg;gJ Vd;? vd;W Foe;ijfs; Nfl;fpwJ..! xU Kiw ,];yhkpa Ma;T ikaj;jpy;> ehd; xU ,e;J rhkpahUld; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;Njd;. “,b ,bg;gJ Vd;?”, vd;W Foe;ijfs; Nfl;lhy;> - “nrhh;f;fj;jpy; ghl;bak;kh khT ,bf;fpwhh;fs;>” vd;W ehq;fs; nrhy;Nthk; vd;whh;. Vnddpy; ,b Nghd;w tp\aq;fis mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F Vw;w taJ mth;fSf;F ,y;iy vd;w fhuzj;ijAk; nrhd;dhh;. mJNghyNt - flTis tzq;fj; Jtq;Fk; Muk;g fl;lj;jpy; mtdJ kdij xUikg;gLj;j rpiy mtrpakhfpwJ vd;Wk; nrhd;dhh;. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; ngha; nrhy;tij tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. mJ ngha; vd;W ntspg;gilahfj; njhpe;jhYk; - ngha; nrhy;tij ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; tpUk;Gtjpy;iy. mJNghy xU jtwhd nra;jpia ehd; vdJ Foe;ijf;F xUNghJk; nrhy;ykhl;Nld;. Vnddpy; Foe;ijfs; gs;spf; $lj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W - kpd;dy; mbf;Fk;NghJ cUthFk; mjPj ntg;gf; fhw;wpd; mjph;Tjhd; ,bapd; rg;jk; vd;W mwpthh;fs; vdpy;> Mrphpah; ngha; nrhy;tjhf vz;zpf; nfhs;Sk;. gpd;dh; Mrphpah; nrhd;dJjhd; cz;ik vd;W mwpe;j gpwF> jdJ je;ijia xU ngha;auhf fUJk;. Foe;ijfs; jq;fs; mwpTf;F vl;lhj rpy tp\aq;fis Ghpe;J nfhs;skhl;lh;fs; vd;W fUJtPh;fNsahdhy;> Foe;ijfSf;Fj; jtwhd jfty;fisj; jUtij tpl;Ltpl;L> Foe;ijfs; Ghpe;J nfhs;sf; $ba tpjj;jpy;> vspjhd Kiwapy; gjpyspf;f Kaw;rp nra;Aq;fs;. cq;fSf;F> cq;fsJ Foe;ij Nfl;l Nfs;tpf;F gjpy; njhpatpy;iy vdpy;> cq;fSf;Fj; njhpahJ vd;W gjpyspf;f $ba ijhpaj;ij tutioj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mdhy; ,d;iwa fhyj;J Foe;ijfs; ePq;fs; nrhy;Yk; gjpypy; jpUg;jp mile;J tpLtjpy;iy. njhpatpy;iy vd;fpw gjpiy vdJ kfdplk; nrhd;dhy;> “mg;gh..! ePq;f Vd; njhpQ;rpf;ff; $lhJ?.>” vd;W mtd; mg;NghNj jpUg;gp Nfl;L tpLfpwhd;. Nkw;gb Nfs;tp cq;fis cldbahf mwpe;J nfhs;s itg;gJld;> ePq;fs; mwpe;jij cq;fs; Foe;ijf;Fk; mwpa itf;ff; $ba tha;g;igAk; cUthf;FfpwJ.

Muk;g epiyapy; cs;sth;fSf;Fj;jhd; kdij xUikg;gLj;j rpiy Njitg;gLfpwJ (,uz;ilAk;> ,uz;ilAk; $l;bdhy; ehd;F vd;gJ Kjyhk; tFg;gpYk; mNjjhd;. ,Wjp tFg;gpYk; mNj epiyjhd;.)

Muk;g epiyapy; flTis tzq;f Muk;gpg;gth;fSf;Fj;jhd; rpiy vd;w xd;W Njitg;gLfpwNjj; jtpu> mjw;F gpe;ija epiyapy; cs;sth;fSf;F flTis tzq;f rpiy vy;yhk; Njitapy;iy - vd;W rpy gz;bjh;fs;; vd;id ek;g itf;f Kaw;rpj;jpUf;fpwhh;fs;. ,t;Ntisapy; ehk; xU Kf;fpakhd cz;ikia tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. ve;j tp\akhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mjd; mbg;gilapy; cWjpahf ,Ue;jhy;jhd; - gpd;tUk; fhyq;fspy;> Fwpg;gpl;l me;j tp\aj;jpy; rpwe;jtuhf tpsq;f KbAk;. ,uz;ilAk;> ,uz;ilAk; $l;bdhy; ehd;F vd;gij Muk;g ghlrhiyapy; fw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; khztd;> gs;sp ,Wjp tFg;G nrd;whYk;> my;yJ fzpjtpaypy; Kidth; (lhf;lh;) gl;lk; ngw;whYk;> ,uz;ilAk;> ,uz;ilAk; $l;bdhy; ehd;F vd;fpw mbg;gil fzpjtpaypy; ve;jtpj khw;wKk; ,y;yhjtdhfj;jhd; ,Ug;ghd;. ,uz;ilAk;> ,uz;ilAk; $l;bdhy; Ie;J vd;Nwh my;yJ MW vd;Nwh khWtjw;Fhpa tha;g;Ng ,y;iy. gpd;dh; my;[pg;uh> jphpNfhznkl;hp> NyhNfhhpjk; - vd;W fzpjtpaypd; gy gphpTfis fw;Wf; nfhz;lhYk;> ,uz;ilAk;> ,uz;ilAk; $l;bdhy; ehd;F vd;fpw mbg;gil fzpjtpaypy; ve;jtpj khw;wKk; ,y;yhjtdhfj;jhd; ,Ug;ghd;. Mf Muk;gghlrhiyapNyNa MrphpahplkpUe;J jtwhf fw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; khztd;> vjph;fhyj;jpy; vg;gb rpwe;j tpw;gd;duhf tpsq;f KbAk;?. ,e;J Ntjq;fspd; mbg;gil nfhs;iffs; flTspd; jd;ikia gw;wpr; nrhy;Yk;nghOJ> flTSf;F ve;jtpj cUtKkpy;iy vd;W nrhy;fpwJ. vdpDk; - ,J gw;wpa cz;ikia mwpe;Js;s ,e;J mwpQh;fs; - kf;fshy; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; jtwhd ,e;j tof;fj;ij Vd; jLf;f Kidtjpy;iy?. ePq;fs; Muk;gghlrhiyapy; gbf;Fk; cq;fsJ gps;isf;F ,uz;ilAk;> ,uz;ilAk; $l;bdhy; ehd;F vd;W nrhy;ypj; jUtPh;fsh?. my;yJ ,uz;ilAk;> ,uz;ilAk; $l;bdhy; Ie;J vd;Nwh my;yJ MW vd;Nwh nrhy;ypj; je;Jtpl;L> gpd;dh; cq;fs; gps;is gs;sp ,Wjp tFg;G Kbj;j gpwF ,uz;ilAk;> ,uz;ilAk; $l;bdhy; Ie;Njh my;yJ MNwh my;y. ,uz;ilAk;> ,uz;ilAk; $l;bdhy; ehd;Fjhd; vd;fpw cz;ikiar; nrhy;ypj; jUtPh;fsh?. ,J Nghd;W ahUk; nra;aNt khl;Nlhk;. khwhf cq;fsJ gps;is jtwhd gjpyspj;jhy; mjidj; jpUj;jp> rhpahd gjpiyr; nrhy;ypj; jUNthk;. mt;thwhd jtWfis jpUj;jtpy;iy vd;why;> ePq;fs; cq;fsJ gps;isapd; vjph;fhyj;ij tPzbf;fpwPh;fs; vd;Wjhd; mh;j;jk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 2 jz;zPh; gy nkhopfspYk; gy ngah;fspy; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F Mq;fpyj;jpy; thl;lh; vd;Wk; - `pe;jpapy; ghzp vd;Wk; - kiyahsj;jpy; nts;sk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. mJNghyj;jhd; flTSk; - my;yh`; vd;Wk; - ,NaR vd;Wk; - uhk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. vdNt flTs;fs; midtUk; xd;WjhNd?. gjpy;: 1. kpfTk; mofpa ngah;fSf;F chpatd;; my;yh`; xUtNd..! mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 17tJ fPo;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ:

mj;jpahak;

]{uj;Jy;

gdP

,];uhaPypd;

110tJ

trdk;

“ePq;fs; (mtid) my;yh`; vd;W mioAq;fs;: my;yJ mh;u`;khd; vd;wioAq;fs;: vg;ngaiuf; nfhz;L mtid ePq;fs; mioj;jhYk;> mtDf;F(g; gy) jpUehkq;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd” vd;W (egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf!. ”(Al – Quran 17:110) ePq;fs; my;yh`;it ve;jg; ngahpYk; mioAq;fs;. Mdhy; ePq;fs; miof;ff; $ba ngah;> mofpa ngauhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ePq;fs; miof;ff; $ba ngah;> kdjpy; ve;j cUtj;ijAk; gpujpgypf;ff; $lhJ. ePq;fs; miof;Fk; ngah;> my;yh`;Tf;F kl;Lk; nghUe;jf; $ba Fzeyd;fis nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. 2. jz;zPiu gy nkhopfspYk;> gy ngah;fisf; nfhz;L miof;fyhk;. my;yhj xd;iw jz;zPh; vd;W ve;j nkhopapYk; miof;f KbahJ.

Mdhy; jz;zPh;

jz;zPiu gy nkhopfspYk; gy ngah;fisf; nfhz;L miof;fyhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F Mq;fpyj;jpy; “thl;lh; vd;Wk;> jkpopy; jz;zPh; vd;Wk;> `pe;jpapy; ghzp vd;Wk;> mugpapy; Nkhah vd;Wk;> rk];fpUjj;jpy; mgh`; vd;Wk;> Rj;jkhd `pe;jpapy; [y; vd;Wk;> F[uhj;jpa nkhopapy; [y; my;yJ ghzp vd;Wk;> kuhj;jpa nkhopapy; ge;jp vd;Wk;> fd;dl nkhopapy; ePh; vd;Wk;> njYq;F nkhopapy; ePU vd;Wk;> kiyahsj;jpy; nts;sk; vd;Wk; jz;zPiu gy nkhopfspy;> gy ngah;fspy; miof;fyhk;. jpdKk; fhiyapy; xU Ftis jz;zPh; Fbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mtuJ ez;gh; mthplk; mwpTWj;jpajhf> vd;dplk; xUth; nrhy;tjhf itj;Jf; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. Mdhy; mtuhy; me;j jz;zPiu Fbf;f Kbatpy;iy. Vnddpy; mth; me;j jz;zPiuf; Fbj;jhy; mtUf;F the;jp tUtjhfTk; njhptpf;fpwhh; vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. mijg; gw;wp tprhhpj;jjpy;> me;j jz;zPh; kQ;rs; epwj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhfTk;> Jh;ehw;wk; mbg;gjhfTk; njhptpf;fpwhh; vd;Wk; itj;Jf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. gpd;dh;jhd; njhpa te;jJ mth; jz;zPh; vd;W vz;zpf;nfhz;lJ> jz;zPh; my;y> rpWePh; vd;gJ. Mf jz;zPiuj;jhd; jz;zPh; vd;W nrhy;y KbANkj; jtpu> jz;zPh; my;yhj kw;witfis jz;zPh; vd;W nrhy;y KbahJ. cjhuzq;fis> cz;ikfshf kf;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhh;fs; vd;gij ehd; xg;Gf; nfhs;fpNwd;. Mdhy; xU mwptpyp $l> jz;zPUf;Fk; - rpWePUf;Fk; cs;s tpj;jpahrj;ij mwpe;jtdhfj;jhd; ,Ug;ghd;. rpW ePiu> jz;zPh; vd;W miog;gtd; xU kiladhfj;jhd; ,Ug;ghd;. mJNghyj;jhd; flTspd; rhpahd jd;ikfis mwpe;j xUtd;> Nghypahd flTsiu kf;fs; tzq;Ftij fhZk;NghJ> cz;ikahd flTSf;Fk;> Nghypahd flTSf;Fk; tpj;jpahrk; njhpahjth;fshf ,Uf;fpwhh;fNs vd ,ay;ghfNt tpae;J Nghfpwhd;. 3. jq;fj;jpd; juj;ij - gy nkhopfspy; gy ngah;fshy; miof;fg;gLk; mjd; ngah;fis itj;J kjpg;gpLtjpy;iy. khwhf jq;fj;jpd; juj;ij> ciufy;ypy; ciuj;Jg; ghh;j;Jjhd; kjpg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. jz;zPh; gy nkhopfspy;> gy ngah;fshy; miof;fg;gLtJ Nghy;> jq;fj;ijAk; gy nkhopfspy; gy ngah;fspy; miof;fyhk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F Mq;fpyj;jpy; Nfhy;l; vd;Wk;> `pe;jpapy; Nrhdh vd;Wk;> mugpapy; jfg; vd;Wk; jq;fj;ij gy nkhopfspy; gy ngah;fspy; miof;fpNwhk;. ,Ug;gpDk; ahuhtJ xUth; jd;dplk; cs;s jq;fj;ij> cq;fsplk; tpw;gid nra;a tpUk;gpdhy;> clNd mth; nfhz;L te;Js;s jq;fk; 24 Nful;jhd; vd;W ePq;fs; ek;gp thq;fp tpLtjpy;iy. mjd; rhpahd juj;ij mwpa nghw;nfhy;yiu Njbj;jhd; nry;tPh;fs;. nghw;nfhy;yUk; jq;fj;ij ciu fy;ypy; ciuj;J ghh;j;J> mJ jq;fk;jhdh?. ,y;iyah vd;W mjd; juj;ij cq;fsplk; njhptpj;j gpd;Gjhd; jq;fj;ij 4

thq;FtPh;fs;. ,y;iyah?. 'kpd;Dtnjy;yhk; nghd;dy;y.." vd;fpw gonkhopf;F Vw;g> kpd;Dk; kQ;rs; cNyhfj;ij vy;yhk;> ehk; xUNghJk; jq;fk; vd;W ek;gp thq;fp tpLtjpy;iy. 4. ,iwj;jd;ikapd; ciufy; - ]{uj;Jy; ,/f;yh];. kpd;Dk; kQ;rs; cNyhfj;ij vy;yhk;> ehk; xUNghJk; jq;fk; vd;W ek;gp thq;fp tpLtjpy;iy. mJNghy> ve;j jdp xUth; flTs; vd;W jd;id mioj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk;> ,iwj;jd;ik vd;Dk; ciu fy;ypy; curpg; ghh;f;fhky;> mtiu ehk; flTs; vd;W Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbahJ. mt;thwhd ,iwj;jd;ikapd; ciufy; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 112tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ,/f;yh];. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 112tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ,/f;yh]; fPo;fz;lthW $WfpwJ:

“(egpNa!) ePh; $WtPuhf: my;yh`; - mtd; xUtNd. my;yh`; (vthplj;Jk;) Njitaw;wtd;;. (mtd;) vtiuAk; ngwTkpy;iy: (vtuhYk;) ngwg;glTkpy;iy. md;wpAk;> mtDf;F epfuhf vtUk; ,y;iy."(Al – Quran – 112: 1-4) 5. vtNuDk; - Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;lgb ,iwj;jd;ikf;F chpath; vd;W jd;id ep&gpj;jhy; flTs; vd;W miof;fyhk;: vtuhtJ xUth; jd;id flTs; vd;w mwptpj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhh; vdpy;> NkNy cs;s ehd;F thpfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,iwj;jd;ikf;F chpath; vd;W jd;id ep&gpj;Jf; fhl;Lthh; vdpy;> mth; flTs; vd;W miof;fg;gLtjw;Fk;> flTs; vd;W topglg;gLtjw;Fk; jFjpahdth; Mthh;. vtdhtJ xU igj;jpaf;fhud; egp (]y;) mth;fis flTs; vd;W miog;ghd; (mt;thW miof;fhky; my;yh`; ghJfhg;ghdhf!) vdpy; NkNy cs;s ehd;F thpfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;l ,iwj;jd;ikf;F chpa ciu fy;ypy; ciuj;J ghh;g;Nghk;. (1) “Fy;`{ ty;yh`{ m`J” my;yh`; - mtd; xUtNd. K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fs; xUth; khj;jpukh ,iwj;J}jh;? ,y;iy. mth;fSf;F Kd;G vz;zw;w ,iwj;J}jh;fs; ,t;Tyfpw;F mDg;gg;gl;bUf;fpd;wdh;. (2) “my;yh`{ ]kj;” my;yh`; (vthplj;Jk;) Njitaw;wtd;;. K`k;kJ (]y;) mth;fs; NjitAilath;fshf ,Ue;jhh;fs;. mth;fs; gy Jd;gq;fSf;F cs;shdhh;fs; vd;gij ehk; mwpNthk;. mth;fs; my;yh`;tpd; typik kpf;f ,iwj;J}juhf ,Ue;jhYk;> mth;fs; jkJ 63 Mk; tajpy; kuzkile;jhh;fs;. kjPdhtpy; mlf;fKk; nra;ag;gl;lhh;fs;. (3) “yk;aspJ ngwg;glTkpy;iy.

tyk;

At;yJ”

(mtd;)

vtiuAk;

ngwTkpy;iy:

(vtuhYk;)

K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; kf;fhtpy; gpwe;jhh;fs; vd;gJk; mth;fsJ je;ijapd; ngah; mg;Jy;yh`;> mth;fspd; jhahhpd; ngah; Mkpdh vd;gJk; ehk; midtUk; ed;whf mwpe;j tp\ak;. NkYk; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F ghj;jpkh (uyp) vd;w kfSk;> ,Gwhfpk; (uyp) vd;fpw kfDk; ,Ue;jhh;fs; vd;gJk; ehk; midtUk; ed;whf mwpe;j tp\ak;.

(4) “tyk;aFy;y`{ - F/Gtd; m`J” - md;wpAk;> mtDf;F epfuhf vtUk; ,y;iy. cyfpy; cs;s ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; kPJ kwhj md;G nrYj;jp> mth;fis cah;thf kjpj;J> mth;fs; fhl;bj;je;j xt;nthU nraiyAk; gpd;gw;wp ele;jhYk;> xU ,];yhkpad; $l K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fis - ,iwtd; - vd;W Vw;Wf; nfhs;s khl;lhd;. ,];yhkpah;fs; mbg;gil nfhs;ifNa “yhapyh` ,y;yy;yh`; K`k;kJh; u]{Yy;yh`; - mjhtJ tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa ehad; my;yh`;itj; jtpu NtnwtUk; ,y;iy> K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; my;yh`;tpd; J}jh; Mthh;fs;.” vd;gjhFk;. ,];yhkpah;fs; midtUk; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; kPJ kwhj md;G nrYj;jp> mth;fis cah;thf kjpj;J> mth;fs; fhl;bj;je;j xt;nthU nraiyAk; gpd;gw;wp ele;jhYk;> K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; my;yh`;tpd; mbikAk;> my;yh`;tpd; J}jUk;jhd;> my;yh`;; my;y> vd;gij ,];yhkpah;fSf;F czh;j;j Ntz;b> xt;nthU ehSk; Ie;J NtisAk;> ,e;j mbg;gil nfhs;if gpuhh;j;jidf;fhf miof;fg;gLk;nghOJ> gpuhh;j;jid $lq;fspy; Koq;fg;gLfpwJ. 6. ePq;fs; tzq;Fk; nja;tq;fis cWjp nra;J nfhs;Sq;fs;: ,iwj;jd;ikf;F cz;lhd ciu fy;iy vt;thW gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,g;NghJ ehq;fs; cq;fSf;F tpsf;fp tpl;Nlhk;. ,dpNky; ,e;j ciu fy;iy nfhz;L ePq;fs; tzq;Fk; nja;tq;fs; cz;ikahdjh? my;yJ Nghypahdjh? vd;gij cWjp nfhs;tJ cq;fsJ Ntiy.

Nfs;tp vz;: 3. ,e;J kjk; cyfpy; Njhd;wpa kjq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk; tpl goikahd kjk;. vdNt ,e;J kjk;jhd; kpfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk;> midtuhYk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhfTk;> kpfr; rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,y;iyah? gjpy;: 1.

,];yhkpa khh;f;fNk cyfpy; cs;s khh;f;fq;fspy; goikahdJ.

,e;J kjk; cyfpy; cs;s kjq;fspy; vy;yhk; goikahd kjk; vd;gJ jtwhd thjk;. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk;jhd; cyfpy; cs;s khh;f;fq;fspy; vy;yhk; Kjyhtjhf Njhd;wpaJk;> goikahdJk; MFk;. ,];yhk; 1400 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; Njhd;wpa khh;f;fk;jhd; vd;Wk;> mjid Njhw;Wtpj;jJ K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs;jhd; vd;Wk; jtwhd fUj;jpid kf;fs; nfhz;Ls;sdh;. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; cyfk; Njhd;wpa ehs; Kjyha; ,Uf;fpwJ. Mjp kdpjd; ,g;g+kpapy; fhyb gjpj;j ehs; Kjyha; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; ,t;Tyfpy; Njhd;wpa khh;f;fkhFk;. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;ij Njhw;wtpj;jJ K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; my;y. K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; ty;Nyhd; my;yh`;tpd; ,Wjpj; J}jh; Mthh;fs;. 2. goikahd kjk;jhd; kpfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk;> kpfr; rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw mtrpakpy;iy. xU kjk; goikahdJ vd;gjhy; khj;jpuk; me;j kjk; xU rpwe;j kjkhfTk;> kpfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw msTNfhy; rhpahdJ my;y. ,e;j msTNfhy; vt;thW ,Uf;fpwnjd;why;> xU Rj;jkhd Ftisapy; jw;NghJ epug;gg;gl;bUf;Fk;

Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l jz;zPiu tpl> %d;W khjq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; gpbf;fg;gl;L> (tPl;by;> Fsph;rhjd ngl;bf;F ntspapy;) jpwe;J itf;fg;gl;l jz;zPh;jhd; Rj;jkhdJ vd;W xUth; nrhy;tij Nghd;W ,Uf;fpwJ. 3. mJNghy Gjpjhf Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l kjk;jhd; kpfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk;> kpfr; rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw mtrpaKk; ,y;iy. mJNghy xU kjk; Gjpjhf Njhd;wpaJ vd;fpw fhuzj;jhy; khj;jpuk; me;j kjk; xU rpwe;j kjkhfTk;> kpfTk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk; fUjg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw msTNfhYk; rhpahdJ my;y. %d;W khjq;fSf;F Kd;dhy; tPl;by; Fsph;rhjd ngl;bapy; itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; xU ghl;by; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l jz;zPh;> jw;NghJ gpbf;fg;gl;l fly; jz;zPiu tpl Rj;jkhdJ vd;gJ ehk; midtUk; mwpe;j xd;W. 4. xU kjk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk;> rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vdpy;> ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;l me;j kjj;jpd; Ntjq;fspy;> ve;jtpj ,ilr;nrUfNyh> $LjNyh> FiwNth nra;ag;gl;bUf;ff; $lhJ. xU kjk; J}a;ikahdjhfTk;> rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vdpy;> ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;l me;j kjj;jpd; Ntjq;fspy;> ve;jtpj ,ilr;nrUfNyh> $LjNyh> FiwNth nra;ag;gl;bUf;ff; $lhJ. ,iwAzh;tpd; gpwg;gplk;> kw;Wk; ,iwf; fl;lisfs; ,iwtdplkpUe;J te;jjhfj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,d;iwf;F cyfpy; ,Uf;Fk; Ntjq;fspy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; khj;jpuk;jhd; mJ mUsg;gl;l tpjj;jpNyNa (kdpj fuq;fshy; ve;jtpj khWjy;fSk; nra;ag;glhky;) ghJfhf;fg; gl;bUf;fpwJ. kw;w kjq;fspd; Ntjq;fs; ahTk;> $l;lg;gl;Lk;> Fiwf;fg;gl;Lk;> ,ilr;nrUfy;fs; nrUfg;gl;Lk;jhd; ,Uf;fpwJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid kddk; nra;j yl;rf;fzf;fhd cykhf;fspd; kdg;ghl tbtpy; - mUs; kiw Fh;Md; - mJ mUsg;gl;l tbtpy; - ,d;Wk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L cs;sJ. mj;NjhL> egpj;Njhoh; cJkhd; (uyp) mth;fs; fhyj;jpy; njhFf;fg;gl;l mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gpujpfs;> jw;NghJ jh\;fd;by; cs;s mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpYk;> JUf;fpapd; cs;s nfhg;jhfp (KOPTAKI) mUq;fhl;rpafj;jpYk; ghh;itf;F itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. me;j gpujpfNshL> ek;kplk; cs;s mUs;kiw Fh;Mid xg;gpl;L ghh;j;jhy;> xU rpwpa khw;wj;ijAk; fhzNt KbahJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mid ghJfhg;gjhf my;yh`; $Wfpd;whd;: “epr;rakhf ehk; jhd; ,t;Ntjj;ij (ck;kPJ) ,wf;fp itj;Njhk;: epr;rakhf ehNk mjd; ghJfhtyhdfTk; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;.” (Al – Quran 9:15) 5. goikahd kjk;jhd; kpfr; rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw mtrpakpy;iy. xU kjk; rpwe;j kjkhf ,Uf;fpwJ vd;gjw;F fhuzk;> mJ goikahd kjk; vd;fpw msTNfhy; rhpahdJ my;y. 1998 Mk; Mz;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l nlhNahl;Nlh fhiutpl 19Mk; E}w;whz;by; jahhpf;fg;gl;l fhh;jhd; rpwe;j fhh;> Vndd;why; mJ gioa fhh; vd xU kdpjd; nrhy;tJ Nghd;Wjhd; ,JTk;. xU rpwpa rhtpiaf; nfhz;L fhiu ,aq;f itf;Fk; Gjpa Kiwia tpl> xU nghpa ,Uk;G fk;gpahy; jpUfp fhiu ,aq;f itf;Fk; gioa Kiw rpwe;jJ vd thjpLgtiu ehk; xU Kl;lhs; vd;Wjhd; fUJNthk;. 6. mJNghy Gjpjhf Njhd;wpa kjk;jhd; kpfr; mtrpaKk; ,y;iy. mJNghy xU kjk; rpwe;j kjkhf ,Uf;fpwJ kjk; vd;fpw msTNfhYk; rhpahdJ my;y. khUjpfhh;> 1997 Mk; Mz;L jahhpf;fg;gl;l 5000

rpwe;j kjkhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;fpw vd;gjw;F fhuzk;> mJ Gjpjhf Njhd;wpa 1999 Mk; Mz;L jahhpf;fg;gl;l 500 CC CC nkh;]pb]; ngd;]; 500 SEL fhiu tpl

rpwe;jJ vd;W nrhy;tJ Nghd;Wjhd; ,JTk;. ,uz;L thfdq;fspy; rpwe;jJ vJ vd;W kjpg;gpl ntz;Lnkdpy;> thfdq;fis gw;wpa KO tpguq;fisAk; mwpa Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F - thfdq;fspd; XLk; jpwd;> thfdq;fspd; ghJfhg;Gj; jd;ik> thfdj;jpy; cs;s ,ae;jpuk; ,aq;Fk; jpwd;> mitfs; nry;Yk; Ntfk;> mitfspy; cs;s trjp Nghd;w thfdq;fspd; midj;J tpguq;fisAk; xg;gpl Ntz;Lk;. mt;thW xg;gpl;L ghh;j;jhy;> 1997 Mk; Mz;L jahhpf;fg;gl;l 500 CC nkh;]pb]; ngd;]; 500 SEL fhh;> 1999 Mk; Mz;L jahhpf;fg;gl;l 500 CC khUjpfhiu tpl gd;klq;F rpwe;jJ vd;gJ njhpa tUk;. 7. kdpj Fyj;jpd; gpur;idfSf;F epue;ju jPh;T jUk; kjNk> rpwe;j kjkhFk;. ,t;Tyfpy; thOk; kdpj Fyj;jpd; gpur;idfSf;F xU kjk; jUk; epue;ju jPh;Tfs;jhd;> me;j kjk; rpwe;j kjkhf fUjg;glf; $bajw;F fhuzkhf mika Ntz;Lk;. vy;yh fhyq;fspYk; gpd; gw;wf; $ba mstpw;F> me;j kjk; cz;ikahd kjkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,t;Tyfpy; thOk; kdpj Fyj;jpd; gpur;idfshd kJ kw;Wk; Nghijg; nghUs;fs;> mjpf rjtPj;jpy; cs;s ngz;fs;> nfhLe;njhy;iyfs;> nfhiy> nfhs;is> fw;gopg;G> ,dntwp> rhjpg;gpur;id Nghd;w midj;J gpur;idfSf;Fk; jPh;thf mike;Js;sJ ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; xd;Nw. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; cz;ikahd khh;f;fk; MFk;. mjd; rl;lq;fSk;> jPh;TfSk;> vy;yh fhyj;jpw;Fk; Vw;GilaJ. ,d;W cyfpy; cs;s Ntjq;fspy; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpd; Ntjkhd mUs;kiw Fh;Md;jhd; ,d;Wtiu mjd; J}a;ikiaAk;> ek;gfj;jd;ikiaAk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;l Ntjkhf cs;sJ. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; ek;gfj;jd;ikAk;> J}a;ikAk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,iw Ntjk;jhd; vd;gij re;Njfj;jpw;F ,lkpd;wp ep&gpf;fpwJ. mj;Jld; vy;yh fhyj;jpw;Fk; Vw;w Ntjk; vd;gijAk; ep&gpf;fpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F mUs;kiw Fh;Md; - mJ ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l fhyj;jpypUe;j mw;Gjq;fSf;F rthyhf mike;jJ. mJ ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l fhyj;jpypUe;j ftpij> vOj;jhw;wy; Nghd;w ,yf;fpaq;fSf;Fk; rtyhf tpsq;fpaJ. ,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; mghpkpjkhd tsh;r;rp mile;Js;s mwptpay; kw;Wk; njhopy; El;gj;jpw;Fk; mUs;kiw Fh;Md; Xh; rtyhf mike;Js;sJ. mj;NjhL ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; kdpjdhy; cUthf;fg;gl;ljy;y. ,iwtdhy; kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;F jug;ggl;l khh;f;fk;jhd; ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk;. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; khj;jpuk;jhd; my;yh`;thy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;glf; $ba khh;f;fKk; MFk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 4. ,e;J kjj;jpy; ,Ug;gJNghy; - ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; kWgpwtp vd;w ek;gpf;if ,y;iyNa. Vd;? gjpy;:

tpiutpy;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 5. ,];yhkpa khh;f;fj;jpy; ,we;jth;fis vhpj;Jtplhky;> kz;zpy; Gijg;gJ Vd;?. gjpy;: 1.

kdpj clypy; cs;s Mf;ff;$Wfs; kz;zpYk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ.

kdpj clypy; fhzg;gLk; jdpkg; nghUl;fs; Fiwe;j mstpNyh my;yJ mjpf mstpNyh kz;zpYk; ,Uf;fpd;wJ. MfNt ,we;J Nghd cliy kz;zpy; Gijg;gJ mwptpay; hPjpahf kpfr; rpwe;jjhFk;. mt;thW nra;tjhy; ,we;J Nghd cly; kpf vspjhf kl;fpg; Ngha;> kz;NzhL kz;zhf fye;J tpLk;. 8

Rw;Wg;Gwr;#oy; khRgLj;jg; gLtjpy;iy.

,we;j cliy vhpg;gjhy; fhw;W kz;lyk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. mt;thW ghjpf;fg;gl;l fhw;W> cly; eyj;jpw;F jPq;F tpistpg;gJld;> Rw;Wg;Gwr; #oypYk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. vdNt ,we;J Nghd cliy kz;zpy; Gijg;gjhy;> Rw;Wg;Gwr; #oy; khR gLj;jg; gLtjpy;iy. 3.

Rw;wpAs;s epyk; tsk; ngWfpwJ:

,we;J Nghd cliy vhpg;gjw;nfd Vuhskhd kuq;fs; ntl;lg;gLfpd;wd. ,jdhy; g+kpapd; gRikj; jd;ik Fiwe;J tUfpwJ. mj;Jld; Nkw;gb nray; Rw;Wg; Gwr; #oYf;F jPq;fhf miktJld;> tpyq;Ffs;> gwitfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd; ,aw;ifr; #oYk; ghjpg;gilfpwJ. Mdhy; ,we;J Nghd cly; kz;zpy; Gijf;fg;gLtjhy;> Vuhskhd kuq;fs; ntl;lg;gLtJ jtph;f;fg;gLtJld;> Gijf;fg;gLk; ,lj;ij Rw;wpAs;s epyKk; tsk; kpf;fjhf khwp Rw;Wg; Gwr; #oiyAk; Nkk;gLj;JfpwJ. 4.

kpff; rpf;fdkhdJ:

,we;J Nghd cliy vhpg;gjw;F> Ftpz;lhy; fzf;fpy; tpwFfs; tPzhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;jpahtpy; ,we;J Nghd cliy vhpg;gjw;F khj;jpuk; Nfhbf;fzf;fhd gzk; nryT nra;ag;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; ,we;J Nghd cliy> kz;zpy; Gijf;f kpff; Fiwe;j nryTjhd; MFk;. vdNt ,we;J Nghd cliy kz;zpy; Gijg;gJ> kpfr; rpf;fdkhdJ. 5.

,we;J Nghd gad;gLj;jyhk;.

cly;fis

Gijg;gjw;fhf

kPz;Lk;>

kPz;Lk;

xNu

epyj;ij

,we;J Nghd cliy vhpg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;l tpwFfis> kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;j KbahJ. Vnddpy; ,we;J Nghd cliy vhpf;Fk;NghJ tpwFfs; rhk;gyhfp tpLk;. Mdhy; ,we;J Nghd cliy Gijg;gjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gl;l epyj;ijNa - kPz;Lk; rpy tUlq;fs; fopj;J NtnwhU cliy Gijf;f gad;gLj;j KbAk;. Vnddpy; Gijf;fg;gl;l kdpj cly; kf;fp> kz;NzhL kz;zhf fye;J tpLk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 6 jpUkzkhd ,e;J ngz;fs; new;wpapy; jpyfk; ,LtJ - nghl;L itg;gJ - jhyp mzpe;J nfhs;tJ Nghd;W> jpUkzkhd ,];yhkpa ngz;fs; - new;wpapy; nghl;L itg;gNjh - jhyp mzpe;J nfhs;tNjh ,y;iyNa. Vd;? gjpy;: 1.

nghl;L (“gpe;jp”) my;yJ jpyfk; (“jpf;fh”)

“gpe;jp” vd;fpw `pe;jp thh;j;ij Gs;sp vd;W nghUs; juf;$ba (“gpe;J”) vd;fpw rk];fpUj thh;j;ijapypUe;J ngwg;gl;lJ. tof;fkhf ,e;j tl;l tbt nghl;L Fq;Fkg; nghbapypUe;J jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,e;j xspkpf;f Fq;Fkj;ij ,e;J kjj;ijr; rhh;e;j ngz;fs; jq;fs; new;wpapy; ,l;Lf;; nfhs;fpwhh;fs;.

Nkw;gb “gpe;jp” ,e;Jf;fs; ngz;flTshf vz;zp topgLk; ghh;tjpapd; milahskhf ,e;Jf;fshy; fUjg;gLfpwJ. Nkw;gb nghl;L ngz;fspd; rf;jpahfTk;> me;j rf;jp kzkhd ngz;fisAk;> mth;fsJ fzth;fisAk; ghJfhg;gjhfTk; ek;gg;gLfpwJ. Nkw;gb nghl;L jpUkzkhf ngz;fSf;F milahskhf fUjg;gLtJ ,e;Jf;fspd; fyhr;rhukhFk;. ,jid new;wpj; jpyfk; vd;Wk; miof;fpd;wdh;. 2.

nghl;L my;yJ jpyfk; mzptJ ehfhPfkhfp tUfpwJ.

,d;iwa fhy fl;lj;jpy; nghl;L my;yJ jpyfk; mzptJ ehfhPkhfp tUtJld;> jpUkzk; Mfhj ngz;fSk; nghl;L mzptJ tof;fj;jpypUf;fpwJ. mjd; tl;l tbt mikg;G cl;gl ,g;NghJ gy tbtq;fshf - cjhuzj;jpw;F el;rj;jpu tbtpYk;> ,ja tbtpYk; cs;sJ. mjd; th;zKk; rptg;G epwk; jtpu> ePy epwj;jpYk;> gr;ir epwj;jpYk;> kQ;rs; epwj;jpYk;> MuQ;R epwj;jpYk; cs;sJ. Fq;Fkk; vd;fpw nghb tbtk; jtpu> gy tbtq;fspYk; fpilf;fpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F gpsh];bf; ];bf;fh; tbtpYk;> gpsh];bf; ];bf;fh; kw;Wk; fz;zhbAk; ,ize;j fyitahfTk; fpilf;fpwJ. 3.

khq;fy;ak; my;yJ jhyp.

khq;fy;ak; my;yJ jhyp vd;gJ ey;nyz;zj;NjhL mzpag;gLk; xU mzpfyd; MFk;. jpUkzk; Mfptpl;lJ vd;gjd; milahsr; rpd;dkhf ngUk;ghyhd ,e;J ngz;fs; jq;fs; fOj;jpy; mzpaf; $ba Mguzk; khq;fy;ak; MFk;. ,ul;iltl fUg;G epw ghrp khiyAk;> mjd; eLtpy; njhq;Fk; jq;fj;jhy; Md gjf;fKk; ,jd; tbtikg;ghFk;. khq;fy;aj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; fUg;G epw ghrpfs; jPikapypUe;J jq;fis ghJfhf;Fk; vd;fpw ek;gpf;ifapy; khq;fy;ak; mzpag;gLfpwJ. jtpu jq;fsJ fztiuAk;> jq;fsJ jpUkzj;ijAk; Nkw;gb khq;fy;ak; ghJfhf;Fk; vd;fpw ek;gpf;ifapd; mbg;gilapYk; mzpag;gLfpwJ. njd;dpe;jpahtpy; khq;fy;aj;ij - jhyp - vd;W miof;fpd;wdh;. Nkw;gb jhyp - xU jq;fj;jhy; Md gjf;fk;> kQ;rs; epw E}y; rubNyh my;yJ jq;fr; rubNyh ,izf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. ,e;J kjj;ijr; rhh;e;j ngz;fs; jq;fs; jhypia my;yJ khq;fy;aj;ij xUNghJk; jq;fsJ fOjpypUe;J fow;Wtjpy;iy. fztiu ,oe;j ngz;fs; tpjitahFk;NghJ kl;LNk Nkw;gb jhyp my;yJ khq;fy;ak; mth;fsplkpUe;J gphpf;fg;gLk;. 4.

my;yh`;Nt midtiuAk; ghJfhg;gtd;:

gilj;j my;yh`;Nt> kdpjh;fis ghJfhf;fTk; NghJkhdtd;. ek;ik jPikapypUe;J ghJfhf;f rptg;G epw Fq;FkNkh my;yJ fUg;G epw ghrpfNsh Njitapy;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; MwhtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;-Mk; -d; 14tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

“(egpNa!> ePh; $WtPuhf!) thdq;fisAk;> g+kpiaAk; gilj;j my;yh`;itad;wp NtW vtiuAk; vd; ghJfhtyhd vLj;Jf; nfhs;Ntdh?.” (Al – Quran 6:14) jtpu Nkw;gb fUj;Jila trdq;fs; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; gpw mj;jpahaq;fspYk; cs;sJ: Fwpg;ghf mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; mj;jpahak; %d;W ]{uj;Jy; My-,k;uhdpd; 150tJ trdKk;> mj;jpahak; ,Ugj;jp ,uz;L ]{uj;Jy; `[;[pd; 78tJ trdKk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd:

'my;yh`;jhd; cq;fis ,ul;rpj;Jg; ghpghypg;gtd;. cjtpahsh;fs; midthpYk; kpfTk; ey;ytd;."

,d;Dk;

mtNd

jhyp mzptJk;> nghl;L itg;gJk; ek;ikg; gilj;J ghpghypj;J> ghJfhf;Fk; my;yh`; kPJ ek;gpf;if ,y;iy vd;gijNa czh;j;JfpwJ. 5.

,];yhkpa Mil KiwfSf;F vjpuhdJ:

jhyp mzptJk;> nghl;L itg;gJk; ,e;Jg; ngz;fSf;F chpa milahsk;. ,];yhkpa MilKiw - khw;W kjj;jth;fs; rpy Kf;fpaj;Jtk; fUjp mzpfpd;w ve;j Kj;jpiuiaAk;> my;yJ ve;j milahsj;ijAk; - ,];yhkpah;fs; mzptij xUNghJk; mDkjpg;gJ ,y;iy. 6. jpUkzk; Md ngz;fshf ,Ue;jhYk;> jpUkzk; Mfhj ngz;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; ngz;fs; Nfyp nra;ag;gLtij ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; xUNghJk; mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. jpUkzk; Md ngz;fs; jhyp mzptjhy; jpUkz Md ngz; vd;gij vspjhf milahsk; fz;L nfhs;tjw;F VJthf ,Ug;gNjhL> mth;fs; fpz;lYk;> NfypAk; nra;ag;gLtjpypUe;J jtph;f;fg;gLthh;fs; vd;W jhyp mzptjpd; gaidg; gw;wp nrhy;Yk; NghJ vdJ ,e;J ez;gh; xUth; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. xt;nthU ngz;fSk; - mth;fs; jpUkzk; Mdth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> my;yJ mth;fs; jpUkzk; Mfhjth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> mth;fs; K];ypk;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> my;yJ mth;fs; K];ypk; my;yhjth;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; rhp> ve;j xU ngz;Zk; Nfyp nra;ag;gLtijNah my;yJ fpz;ly; nra;ag;gLtijNah ,];yhkpa khh;f;fk; xUNghJk; mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. Nfs;tp vz;: 7. K];ypk;fs; njhOiff;fhf miof;Fk; nghOJ> Nguurhpd; ngaiu vjw;fhf nrhy;fpwPh;fs;?.

,e;jpahtpy;

tho;e;J

kiwe;j

mf;gh;

gjpy;: 1. ,];yhkpah;fs; njhOiff;fhf miof;Fk; nghOJ> mf;gh; Nguurhpd; ngaiu cr;rhpf;fpwhh;fs; vd;fpw jtwhd fUj;ij K];ypk; my;yhjth;fs; nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. xUKiw ehd; Nfus khepyj;jpy; eilngw;w xU khehl;by; fye;J nfhz;Nld;. ehd; ciuahw;wj; Jtq;Ftjw;F Kd;> K];ypky;yhj mikr;rh; xUth;> ,e;jpahit Kd;Ndw;wpajpy; ,];yhkpah;fspd; gq;F gw;wp ciuahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhh;. mth; ciuahw;Wk;NghJ - ,e;jpahit Mz;l kd;dh;fspy; rpwe;jth; mf;gh; Nguurh;. MfNtjhd; ,];yhkpah;fs; njhOiff;fhf miof;Fk; nghOJ> mf;gh; Nguurhpd; ngaiu xt;nthU ehSk; Ie;J Kiw cr;rhpf;fpwhh;fs; vd;Wk;> ,jpy; Mr;rhpak; vJTkpy;iy vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;lhh;. ehd; ciuahw;Wk;NghJ Nkw;gb mikr;rh; nfhz;bUe;j fUj;J> jtW vd;gij tpsf;fpNdd;. 2. njhOiff;fhf miof;Fk;NghJ cr;rhpf;fg;gLfpw “mf;gh;” vd;fpw thh;j;ijf;Fk; ,e;jpahit Mz;l kd;dh; mf;gUf;Fk; ve;j rk;ge;jKk; ,y;iy. njhOiff;fhf kf;fis miof;Fk;NghJ cr;rhpf;fg;gLfpw 'mf;gh;" vd;fpw thh;j;ijf;Fk; ,e;jpahit Mz;l kd;dh; mf;gUf;Fk; ve;j rk;ge;jKk; ,y;iy. 'mf;gh;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ij> kd;dh; mf;gh; ,t;Tyfpy; gpwf;Fk; Kd;gpUe;Nj> gy E}w;whd;Lfshf ,];yhkpah;fshy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

'mf;gh;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F 'kpfg; nghpa" vd;W nghUs;.

'mf;gh;" vd;fpw mugp thh;j;ijf;F 'kpfg;nghpa" vd;W nghUshFk;. njhOiff;fhf kf;fis miof;Fk;nghOJ cr;rhpf;fg;gLfpd;w 'my;yh`{mf;gh;" vd;fpw thh;j;ijf;F my;yh`; kpfg; nghpatd; vd;W nghUs;. vtUf;Fk; my;yJ vjw;Fk; ,izapy;yhj kpfg; nghpatdhfpa my;yh`;itj; njhOtjw;F thUq;fs; vd;W kf;fis miog;gjw;F Nkw;gb thh;j;ijfs; gad; gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. Nfs;tp vz;: 8. nrhj;J> jpUkzk;> tpthfuj;J Nghd;w tptfhuq;fspy; ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs; jq;fSf;nfd jdpahd rl;lq;fs; itj;jpUf;Fk; NghJ> Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fspYk; ,];yhkpah;fs; ,];yhkpa rl;lj; jpl;lq;fis mky; nra;a Ntz;baJ jhNd?. (cjhuzj;jpw;F jpUbdhy; ifia ntl;LtJ Nghd;wJ..) gjpy;: 1.

,];yhkpa jdpahh; rl;lk;:

jdpahh;rl;lk; vd;gJ xU jdpg;gl;l kdpjUf;Fk;> mtUf;F neUq;fpa ge;jk; cilath;fSf;Fk; - ,ilapy; Vw;gLk; gpur;idfis jPh;g;gjw;F Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ljhFk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F jpUkzk; rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;lq;fs;> tpthfuj;J rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;lq;fs;> nrhj;J tptfhuq;fs; Nghd;wit. Nkw;gb rl;lq;fs;; xU Fwpg;gpl;l FOtpdhuhy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;ljhfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nkw;gb rl;lq;fs; KO rKjhaj;ijAk; Neubahf ghjpf;ff; $ba nrayhfNth my;yJ Fw;wtpay; rk;ge;jg; gl;ljhfNth ,Uf;ff; $lhJ. 2.

,e;jpah xU kjr;rhh;gw;w> [dehaf ehL.

ve;j xU ehlhdhYk;> jdpahh; rl;lk; vd;gJ> xt;nthU rKjha kf;fSf;fpilNaAk;> xt;nthU FOTf;Fk; ,ilNaAk; NtWglyhk;. ,e;jpah xU kjr; rhh;gw;w ehlhf ,Ug;gjhy; - xt;nthU rKjhaKk; - mth;fs; tpUk;Gk; gl;rj;jpy; - mth;fs; tpUk;Gk; jdpahh; rl;lj;ij gpd;gw;w - ,e;jpahtpd; rptpy; chpikr; rl;lk; mDkjpaspj;Js;sJ. 3.

,];yhkpa jdpahh; rl;lNk kpfr; rpwe;j jdpahh; rl;lk;:

cyfj;jpy; cs;s tpjtpjkhd jdpahh; rl;lq;fspy; - kpfr; rpwe;jJk;> gyidj; juf;$baJkhd jdpahh; rl;lk; - ,];yhkpa jdpahh; rl;lNk vd;fpw ek;gpf;if ,]yhkpah;fspilNa cs;sJ. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s ,];yhkpah;fs; - ,];yhkpa jdpahh; rl;lj;ij gpd;gw;Wtjw;F> mth;fs; ,];yhj;jpd; kPJ nfhz;Ls;s ek;gpf;ifAk; fhuzkhFk;. 4.

Fw;wtpay; rl;lk;:

Fw;wtpay; rl;lk; vd;gJ rKjhaj;ij Neubahfg; ghjpf;ff; $ba xU nray; my;yJ Fw;wk; rk;ge;jg;gl;lJ MFk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F nfhiy> nfhs;is> ty;YwT(fw;gopg;G) Nghd;witahFk;.

Fw;wtpay; rl;lk; vd;gJ midtUf;Fk; rkkhdjhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

ve;j ehlhf ,Ue;jhYk;> Fw;wtpay; rl;lkhdJ> tpj;jpahrkhd gy rKjhaj;jpw;F gy tpjkhd rl;lk; vd;Dk; jdpahh; rl;lk; Nghypy;yhky;> ve;j rKjhakhf ,Ue;jhYk; my;yJ rKjhaj;jpd; ve;j FOthf ,Ue;jhYk; Fw;wtpay; rl;lk; vd;gJ rKjhaj;jpy; midtUf;Fk; rkkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. cjhuzj;jpw;F xU kdpjd; jpUbdhy; mtdJ ifia ntl;LkhW gzpf;fpwJ ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lk;. Mdhy; Nkw;gb rl;lk; ,e;J Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;jpy; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. cjhuzj;jpw;F rKjhaj;jpy; cs;s xU ,e;J> xU ,];yhkpahplk; jpUb tpl;lhh; vdpy;> mtUf;F nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;ba jz;lid vd;d?. ,];yhkpah; ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lg;gb jpUbathpd; if ntl;lg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gij tpUk;Gfpwhh; vdpy;> ,e;J Fw;wtpay; rl;lk; mij mDkjpg;gjpy;iy. 6. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s K];ypk; my;yhjth;fis cl;gLj;jhky;> ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs; khj;jpuk;> jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fis gpd;gw;w KbahJ. xU K];]pk; mtiug; nghUj;j kl;by;> mth; nra;Jtpl;l Fw;wj;jpw;F jz;lidahf ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;jpd;gb> jz;lid ngw tpUk;Gthh; vdpy; - mJ eilKiwapy; rhj;jpaf; $whdjy;y. xU K];ypk; nfhs;isabj;J tpl;ljhf Fw;wk; rhl;Lg;gLthh; vdpy; me;j Fw;wr;rhl;bd; rhl;rp K];ypk; my;yhjtuhf ,Ug;ghh; vdpy;> K];ypKk;> K];ypk; my;yhjtUk;> jj;jk; Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;ij gad;gLj;j tpUk;gpdhh;fs; vdpy; - ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;jpd; gb ngha; rhl;rpak; nrhd;dtUf;F 80 firabfs; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; ,e;jpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lg;gb ngha; rhl;rp nrhy;gth; jz;lidapypUe;J vspjhf jg;gptpl KbAk;. ,t;thwhf xU K];ypKk; - xU K];ypk; my;yhjtUk; jj;jk; Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;ij eilKiwg;gLj;j tpUk;gpdhy; - K];ypk; my;yhj xUth; - Fw;wk; nra;ahj K];ypk; xUtiu> vspjhf Fw;wthsp Mf;fptpl KbAk;. vg;gb ,Ug;gpDk;> ,uz;L NgUNk ,e;jpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;ij gpd;gw;Wthh;fs; vdpy; - ,e;jpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lj;jpd;gb nfhs;is mbg;gtUf;Fk;> ngha;rhl;rpak; nrhy;gtUf;Fk; jz;lid mj;jid fLikahdjhf ,y;iy. ,t;thW fLikahd jz;lid ,y;yhj rl;lk; nfhs;is mbg;gtid jq;fsJ Ra yhgj;jpw;fhf NkYk; nfhs;is mbf;fr; nra;aj; J}z;lTk;> ngha;rhl;rpak; nrhy;gtid NkYk; ngha;rhl;rpak; nrhy;y itf;fTk; fhuzkhf mike;Js;sJ. 7. ,e;jpahtpy; cs;s K];ypk;fs;> ,e;jpah;fs; midth; kPJk; ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lk; eilKiwgLj;jg; gLtijj;jhd; tpUk;Gthh;fs;. K];ypk;fs; vd;fpw Kiwapy; ,e;jpahtpYk; ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lk; eilKiwgLj;jg; gLtijj;jhd; ehq;fs; tpUk;GfpNwhk;. Vnddpy; - jpUbdhy; ifia ntl;LtJ vd;fpw ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lk; - fz;bg;ghf jpUl;bd; rjtPjj;ij Fiwf;Fk;. mJNghy ngha; rhl;rpak; nrhy;gtUf;F 80 firabfs; vd;fpw rl;lk; - xU kdpjd; ngha; rhl;rpak; nrhy;tij fz;bg;ghf jLf;Fk;. 8.

,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fs; eilKiwg;gLj;jg; gLtjw;F kpfTk; vdpjhdJ:

,];yhk; xU Fw;wj;jpw;F jz;lid toq;FtNjhL epd;W tplhky;> me;j Fw;wk; kPz;Lk; epfohky; jLg;gjw;fhd topKiwfisAk; fhl;bj; jUfpwJ. cjhuzj;jpw;F jpUbdhy; ifia ntl;LtJ> ty;YwT nfhs;gtDf;F kuz jz;lid Nghd;wit> mJNghd;w Fw;wq;fis nra;a epidg;gth;fSf;F xU vr;rhpf;ifahf mikfpwJ. mJNghd;w Fw;wq;fis nra;a epidg;gtid - gy E}WKiw - rpe;jpf;f itf;fpwJ ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fs;.

,t;thW ,e;jpahtpy; Fw;wq;fs; Fiwf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; my;yJ Fw;wq;fs; jLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zpzhy; -,e;jpahtpy; nghJ ,];yhkpa Fw;wtpay; rl;lq;fis - eilKiw gLj;JtNj rpwe;j topKiwahFk;.

Nfs;tp vz;: 9. ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;Jg;gb cyfpy; cs;s xt;nthU ehl;bw;Fk; ,iwj;J}jh;fs; mDg;gg; gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;. mg;gbnadpy; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh; ahh;?. uhkiuAk;> fpU\;ziuAk; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh?. gjpy;: 1.

xt;nthU ehl;bw;Fk; ,iwj;J}jh;fs; mDg;gg;gl;bUf;fpwhh;fs;:

mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 35tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; /gh(j;)jphpd; 24tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW $WfpwJ:

“..mr;r%l;b vr;rhpf;if nra;gth; tuhj ve;j rKjhaj;jtUk; (g+kpapy;) ,y;iy..(Al – Quran – 35:24) mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 13tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; u/Jtpd; 07tJ trdKk; fPo;fz;lthW $WfpwJ:

..NkYk;> xt;nthU r%fj;jtUf;Fk; xU Neh;top fhl;b cz;L..

(Al – Quran –

13:7)

xU rpy ,iwj;J}jh;fspd; tuyhW khj;jpuk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ:

m. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

4tJ

mj;jpahak;

]{uj;Jd;dp\htpd;

164tJ

trdk;

(,th;fisg; Nghd;Nw NtW) J}jh;fs; rpyiuAk; (ehk; mDg;gp) mth;fSila rhpj;jpuq;fisAk; ckf;F ehk; Kd;dh; $wpAs;Nshk;: ,d;Dk; (NtW) J}jh;fs; (gyiuAk; ehk; mDg;gpNdhk;: Mdhy;) mth;fspd; rhpj;jpuq;fis ckf;Ff; $wtpy;iy." (Al – Quran – 4:164) M. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 40tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; K/kpd; - dpd; 78tJ trdKk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ.

jpl;lkhf ehk; ckf;F Kd;dh; J}jh;fis mDg;gpapUf;fpd;Nwhk;. mth;fspy; rpyUila tuyhw;iw ckf;Ff; $wpAs;Nshk;: ,d;Dk; vth;fSila tuyhw;iw ckf;Ff; $wtpy;iyNah (mth;fSk;) mj;J}jh;fspy; ,Uf;fpd;wdh;..(Al – Quran – 40:78)

3. ,Ugj;J Ie;J Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ:

,iwj;J}jh;fs;

ngah;fs;

khj;jpuk;

mUs;kiw

Fh;Mdpy;

egp K`k;kJ (]y;)> egp Mjk; (miy)> egp E}`; (miy)> egp ,Gwh`pk; (miy)> egp %]h (miy)> egp <]h (miy) Mfpa ,iwj;J}jh;fspd; ngah;fs; cl;gl ,Ugj;J Ie;J ,iwj;J}jh;fspd; ngah;fs; khj;jpuk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. 4.

xU ,yl;rj;J ,Ugj;J ehd;fhapuk; ,iwj;J}jh;fs;:

K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; $w;Wg;gb ,t;Tyfpw;F mDg;gg;gl;l nkhj;j ,iwj;J}jh;fspd; vz;zpf;if xU ,yl;rj;J ,Ugj;J ehd;fhapuk; MFk;.(1>24>000) 5.

K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ,t;Tyfpw;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;fs; midtUk;> mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; cs;s kf;fSf;fhf mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;fs; Mthh;fs;.

K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fSf;F Kd;dhy; ,t;Tyfpw;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;fs; midtUk;> mth;fspd; fhyj;jpy; cs;s kf;fSf;fhf mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;fs; Mthh;fs;. xU Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; gpd;gw;wg; glf;$bath;fshf mth;fs; mDg;gg;gl;lhh;fs;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; %d;whtJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; My ,k;uhdpd; 49tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

“..,];uhaPypd; re;jjpapdUf;F J}juhfTk; mtiu Mf;Fthd;..

(Al – Quran – 3:49)

6. K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; ,t;Tyfpw;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,Wjpahd ,iwj;J}jh;. K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; ,t;Tyfpw;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,Wjpahd ,iwj;J}jh; Mthh;fs;. ,J gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 33tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; m`;[hg; - d; 40tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'K`k;kJ (]y;) cq;fs; Mlth;fspy; vth; xUtUf;Fk; je;ijahf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; mtNuh my;yh`;tpd; J}juhfTk;> egpkhh;fSf;nfy;yhk; ,Wjp (Kj;jpiu)ahfTk; ,Uf;fpd;whh;: NkYk; my;yh`; vy;yhg; nghUs;fs; gw;wpAk; ed;fwpe;jtd;." (Al – Quran – 33:40) 7. K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; KO kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;. K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; ,Wjpahf mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}ju; vd;gjhy;> mth;fs; ,];yhkpa rKjhaj;jpw;F khj;jpuNkh my;yJ mNugpah;fSf;F khj;jpuNkh mDg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh; my;y. KO kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh;. K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; KO kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh; Mthh;fs;. ,J gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 21tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; md;gpahtpd; 107tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

“(egpNa!) ehk; ck;ik mfpyj;jhUf;F vy;yhk; 'u`;kj;"jhf mUl;nfhilahf Ntad;wp mDg;gtpy;iy.” (Al – Quran – 21:107) Nkw;gb Nghd;w nra;jp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 34tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J]; ]ghtpd; 28 trdj;jpd; kPz;Lk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.

“,d;Dk;>(egpNa!)

ehk; ck;ik kdpj Fyk; KOikf;Fk; ed;khwhaq; $WgtuhfTk;> mr;r%l;b vr;rhpf;if nra;gtuhfTNk ad;wp (Ntnwt;thWk;) mDg;gtpy;iy. Mdhy; kdpjh;fspy; ngUk;ghNyhh; (,ij) mwpa khl;lhh;fs;.”

(Al – Quran – 34:28)

“xt;nthU ,iwj;J}jUk; mth;fSila rKjhaj;jpw;F khj;jpuk; ,iwj;J}juhf mDg;gg;gl;lhh;fs;. Mdhy; ehd; KO kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; ,iwj;J}juhf mDg;gg;gl;bUf;fpNwd;>” vd;fpw nra;jpia K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs; mwptpj;jjhf [hgph; gpd; mg;Jy;yh (uyp) mth;fs; mwptpf;fpwhh;fs;. Nkw;gb nra;jp ]`P`{y; G`hhp vd;Dk; `jP]; Gj;jfj;jpd; - Kjyhk; ghfj;jpy; - 56tJ mj;jpahakhd njhOif vd;Dk;; jiyg;gpd; fPo; 429 tJ `jP]hf gjpT nra;ag;gl;Ls;sJ. M.

,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh; ahh;?.

mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh; ahh;?. uhkiuAk;> fpU\;ziuAk; ,e;jpahTf;F ,iwj;J}jh;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh?. vd;fpw Nfs;tpia vLj;Jf; ,e;jpahTf;F vd;W mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwj;J}jh; gw;wp mUs;kiw Fh;MdpNyh> (]y;) mth;fspd; mwptpg;GfspNyh nrhy;yg;gltpy;iy. uhkUila ngaUk;> fpU\;zUila ngaUk; - Fh;MdpNyh my;yJ `jP]pNyh vq;FNk Fwpg;gplg; gltpy;iy vd;gjhy; - mth;fs; ,iwj;J}jh;fsh?. ,y;iyah vd;gij gw;wp ahUk; epr;rakhf nrhy;y KbahJ. rpy ,];yhkpah;fs; - Fwpg;ghf rpy ,];yhkpa murpay;thjpfs; ,e;Jf;fis jpUg;jpgLj;j Ntz;b uhk; (miy) vd;W (my;yh`; - uhkh; kPJ mUs; Ghpal;Lk;) nrhy;fpwhh;fs;. ,J Kw;wpYk; jtwhFk;. uhkh; ,iwj;J}jh; vd;gjw;F mUs;kiw Fh;MdpypUe;Njh my;yJ `jP]pypUe;Njh rhpahd Mjhuk; vJTk; ,y;iy. xUNtis mth;fs; ,iwj;J}juhf ,Uf;fyhk; vd;W ahuhtJ xUth; nrhd;dhYk;> nrhy;yyhk;. ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l nfhz;lhy; my;yJ egp

9. uhkUk;> fpU\;zUk; ,iwj;J}juhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy; $l> ,d;iwf;F ehk; ,iwj;J}juhf Vw;W gpd;gw;wp elf;ff; $bath; ,Wjpj; J}jh; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fs;jhd;. uhkUk;> fpU\;zUk; ,iwj;J}juhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> mth;fs; tho;e;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; khj;jpuk;jhd;> mth;fis J}jh;fshf vz;zp gpd;gw;wp ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; ,d;W> ,e;jpahtpy; cs;sth;fs; cl;gl cyfj;jpy; cs;sth;fs; midtUk; ,iwtdpd; ,Wjpj;J}juhd K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fisj;jhd; J}juhf Vw;W elf;f Ntz;Lk;. Nfs;tp vz;: 10 ,];yhj;jpd; fUj;Jg;gb xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpw;Fk; ,iwtdhy; ,iwNtjq;fs; ,t;TyFf;F mDg;gg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd vdpy; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjk; vJ? ,e;J Ntjq;fisAk;> kw;WKs;s ,e;Jj;Jt fhtpaq;fisAk; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjq;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh?. gjpy;: 1. xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpYk;> ,iwNtjq;fs; ,t;TyFf;F mDg;gg;gl;Ls;sJ: mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 13tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jh; u/Jtpd; 38tJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

'..xt;nthU jtizf;Fk; xU (gjpT) VL cs;sJ.." (Al – Quran – 13:38) 2. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; ngah; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ,iw Ntjq;fs; ehd;F:

njsuhj; - \g+h; - ,d;[py; - kw;Wk; Fh;Md; vd ehd;F ,iw Ntjq;fspd; ngah;fs; khj;jpuk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. njsuhj; Ntjk; egp %]h (miy) mth;fSf;Fk;> “\g+h; Ntjk; egp jht+j; (miy) mth;fSf;Fk;> ,d;[py; Ntjk; egp <]h

(miy) mth;fSf;Fk;> ,WjpNtjkhd mUs;kiw Fh;Md; ,Wjp ,iwj;J}jh; K`k;kJ egp (]y;) mth;fSf;Fk; mUsg;gl;l Ntjq;fshFk;. 3. mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;F Kd;dhy; mDg;gg;gl;l Ntjq;fs; midj;Jk; - me;je;j fhyj;jpy; tho;e;J te;j kf;fSf;fhf mDg;gg;gl;ljhFk;. mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;F Kd;dhy; mDg;gg;gl;l Ntjq;fs; midj;Jk; - me;je;j fhyj;jpy; tho;e;J te;j kf;fSf;fhf> mth;fSf;Fhpa fhyj;jpy; gpd;gw;wg; gLtjw;fhf khj;jpuk; mDg;gg;gl;ljhFk;. 4.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md; KO kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjkhFk;.

mUs;kiw Fh;Md;> ,t;Tyfj;jpw;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,Wjp Ntjk; vd;gjhy;> mJ K];ypk; rKjhaj;jpw;F khj;jpuNkh my;yJ mNugpah;fSf;F khj;jpuNkh mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjk; my;y. ,t;Tyfpy; cs;s KO kdpj rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; mDg;gg;gl;;l ,iwNtjk;jhd; mUs;kiw Fh;Md;. m. ,ijg; gw;wpa nra;jpia mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 14tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ,Gwh`Pk; d; KjyhtJ trdk; fPo;fz;lthW mwptpf;fpwJ:

“myp/g;> yhk;> wh. (egpNa! ,J) NtjkhFk;. kdpjh;fis mth;fSila ,iwtdpd; mDkjpiaf; nfhz;L ,Us;fspypUe;J ntspNaw;wpg; gpufhrj;jpd;ghy; ePh; nfhz;L tUtjw;fhf ,(t; Ntjj;)ij ehNk ck;kPJ ,wf;fpapUf;fpd;Nwhk;...(Al – Quran – 13:38) M. ,Nj Nghd;w nra;jp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 14tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; ,Gwh`Pk; - d; 52 tJ trdj;jpYk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ:

“,jd; %yk; mth;fs; vr;rhpf;fg; gLtjw;fhfTk;> (tzf;fj;jpw;Fhpa) mtd;

xNu ehad;jhd; vd;W mth;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> mwpTilNahh; ey;Yzh;T ngWtjw;fhfTk; kdpjh;fSf;F ,J Xh; mwptpg;ghFk;. ..(Al – Quran – 13:38)

,. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 02tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;Jy; gfuhtpd; 185 tJ trdj;jpYk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ:

ukshd; khjk; vj;jifanjd;why; mjpy;jhd; kdpjh;fSf;F (KOikahd)topfhl;bahfTk;> njspthd rhd;Wfis nfhz;ljhfTk;: (ed;ik> jPikfisg;) gphpj;jwptpg;gJkhd my;-Fh;Md; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lJ.... (Al – Quran –2:185)

<. Nkw;gb Nghd;w nra;jp mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 39tJ mj;jpahak; ]{uj;J[; [{khpd; 41 tJ trdj;jpYk; fPo;fz;lthW Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ:

“epr;rakhf ehk; kdpjh;fSf;fhf cz;ikiaf; nfhz;L ,e;j Ntjj;ij ck;kPJ ,wf;fpaUspNdhk;..”(Al – Quran –39:41)

ve;j ,iwNtjk; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;lJ?.

,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjk; vJ? ,e;J Ntjq;fisAk;> kw;WKs;s ,e;Jj;Jt fhtpaq;fisAk; ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjq;fshf vLj;Jf;nfhs;syhkh?. vd;fpw Nfs;tpia nghUj;jkl;by; - mUs;kiw Fh;MdpNyh my;yJ mz;zy; egp (]y;) mth;fspd; mwptpg;GfspNyh ,e;jpahTf;F mDg;gg;gl;l ,iwNtjq;fs; gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. MfNt mUs;kiw Fh;MdpNyh my;yJ egp (]y;) mth;fspd; mwptpg;GfspNyh ,e;J Ntjq;fis gw;wpNah my;yJ kw;WKs;s ,e;Jj;Jt fhtpaq;fs; gw;wpNah Fwpg;gplg;glhjjhy;> mitfs; ,iwNtjk;jhd; vd;W epr;rakhf ahUk; nrhy;y KbahJ. mitfs; ,iwNtjq;fshf ,Ue;jhYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. my;yJ ,iwNtjq;fshf ,y;yhkYk; ,Uf;fyhk;. 6. ,e;J Ntjq;fs; ,iwNtjq;fshf ,Ue;jpUe;jhYk;> ,d;W ePq;fs; ,iwNtjkhf Vw;W> gpd;gw;w Ntz;baJ mUs;kiw Fh;Midj;jhd;. ,e;J Ntjg; Gj;jfq;fNsh my;yJ NtW Ntjg;Gj;jfq;fNsh> ,iwNtjkhf ,Ue;jpUe;jhy;> me;j Ntjq;fs; me;j fhyj;jpy; tho;e;jpUe;j kf;fSf;fhf- mth;fs; tho;e;jpUe;j me;j Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpy; khj;jpuk; gpd;gw;wg;gLtjw;fhf - mDg;gg;gl;ljhFk;. ,d;W> ,e;jpah cl;gl cyfj;jpy; cs;s kdpj Fyk; KOtJk; ,iwtdpd; ,Wjp Ntjkhk; mUs;kiw Fh;Mid khj;jpuNk gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;. mNjhL ,y;yhky; - mUs;kiw Fh;MDf;F Ke;ija vy;yh Ntjq;fSk; epiyahf gpd;gw;wg; glf; $lhJ vd;fpw fhuzj;jpNyh vd;dNth - ty;Nyhd; my;yh`; - mt;Ntjq;fis mit ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;l mitfspd; cz;ikahd tbtpNy ghJf;fhf;ftpy;iy NghYk;. mUs;kiw Fh;Midj; jtpu> cyfpy; cs;s Kf;fpa kjq;fspd; ,iwNtjq;fs; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w vJTk;> khw;wg;glhkNyh> fyg;glk; nra;ag;glhkNyh> ,ilr; nrUfy;fs; nrUfg;glhkNyh ,y;iy. mUs;kiw Fh;Md; epiyahf gpd;gw;wg; glNtz;Lk; vd;fpw fhuzj;jpdhy; mUs;kiw Fh;Md;> mjd; cz;ikahd tbtk; mopahky; ,Uf;fTk;> vt;tpj jPq;Fk; Neuhky; ,Uf;fTk; my;yh`;Nt ghJfhtydhf ,Uf;fpwhd;. mUs;kiw Fh;Mdpd; 15tJ mj;jpahak; ]_uj;Jy; `p[;hpd; 09tJ trdj;jpy; my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;:

“epr;rakhf ehk; jhd; (epidt+l;Lk;) ,t;Ntjj;ij (ck;kPJ) ,wf;fp itj;Njhk;: epr;rakhf ehNk mjd; ghJfhtydhfTk; ,Uf;fpNwhk;..” (Al – Quran –15:9).