Inequality and Demography

Figure 10: Education consumption by race, 2015

Source: Oosthuizen, 2019

Figure 11 tells a similar story, but for health consumption. With all race groups, there is a higher level of resource allocation for private health consumption for infants and young children compared to other age cohorts.49 Among Black South Africans, public sector health consumption accounts for 60-80% of total health consumption across almost all age cohorts, compared to White people for whom it accounts for not more than 15% of total health expenditure for any cohort with their health spend largely funded privately.49

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INEQUALITY AND DEMOGRAPHY

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Figure 18: Trends in the under-five mortality rate in South Africa

Figure 14: Policies which support women and leverage the demographic dividend

Figure 15: Life expectancy of South Africans from 1985 to 2020

Table 2: Estimated shifts in South African inequality measures with improved GII score

Figure 12: Private net transfers by race, 2015

Figure 13: Gender Inequality and Income Distribution as estimated by Gonzales et al. (2015

Figure 11: Health consumption by race, 2015

Info Box 3: Quantifying the impact of empowering women

Figure 10: Education consumption by race, 2015

Info Box 2: Measuring inequalities in intergenerational transfers between racial groups

Figure 7: Changes in working-age population compared to total employment in South Africa

Figure 5: Young, working-age, and elderly population share for South Africa, 1960-2050

Figure 3: South Africa’s age dependency ratios, 1960-2020

Figure 4: South Africa’s demographic transition, 1960-2050

Figure 8: Average earnings by age and level of education completed (five -year moving average

Figure 9: The Great Gatsby Curve for a set of developed and developing countries

Figure 1: Population pyramids for South Africa showing demographic transition

Figure 6: South African unemployment rates, 1991-2021

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