Inequality and Demography

Figure 13: Gender Inequality and Income Distribution as estimated by Gonzales et al. (2015)

The coefficients for the GII show that, if all other factors remained unchanged, and a country moved from perfect gender equality (a GII of 0) to perfect gender inequality (a GII of 1), the country’s net Gini Coefficient would increase by 9.761 (column 1), the income share of the top 10% and 60% of earners would increase by 16.81% and 10.09% respectively (column 2 and 3), and the income share of the bottom 40% and 20% would decline by 9.367% and 5.34% respectively (column 4 and 5). Source: Gonzales et al. 2015. Catalyst for Change: Empowering Women and Tackling Income Inequality.

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INEQUALITY AND DEMOGRAPHY

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Figure 18: Trends in the under-five mortality rate in South Africa

Figure 14: Policies which support women and leverage the demographic dividend

Figure 15: Life expectancy of South Africans from 1985 to 2020

Table 2: Estimated shifts in South African inequality measures with improved GII score

Figure 12: Private net transfers by race, 2015

Figure 13: Gender Inequality and Income Distribution as estimated by Gonzales et al. (2015

Figure 11: Health consumption by race, 2015

Info Box 3: Quantifying the impact of empowering women

Figure 10: Education consumption by race, 2015

Info Box 2: Measuring inequalities in intergenerational transfers between racial groups

Figure 7: Changes in working-age population compared to total employment in South Africa

Figure 5: Young, working-age, and elderly population share for South Africa, 1960-2050

Figure 3: South Africa’s age dependency ratios, 1960-2020

Figure 4: South Africa’s demographic transition, 1960-2050

Figure 8: Average earnings by age and level of education completed (five -year moving average

Figure 9: The Great Gatsby Curve for a set of developed and developing countries

Figure 1: Population pyramids for South Africa showing demographic transition

Figure 6: South African unemployment rates, 1991-2021

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