India perspectives may june 2015 sihalese

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

29 jk fj¿u n ksl=;=j 3 n uehs-cqks 2015

bkaÈhdkq fhda. ms<sn| wk.s idys;H ksOdk

fiahdoiqka yeïms kej; f.k tau

yjq,aldß;ajh id.¾ hd;%d

ixjdoh wdpd¾h fgiS f;dauia

fmdÜmqß bkaÈhd o¾Yk oeka cmka NdIdfjka

bkaÈhd o¾Yk oeka NdId 16 lska m%isoaO flfrkq we;" kj;uh cmka ixialrKhhs' Ök ixialrKfha iudrïNl ksl=;=j fuu jif¾ uq,§ flß‚' wfkl=;a NdIdj,g m¾ishka" meYafgda" isxy, iy fou< we;=,;a fõ'

第29巻 第3号 2015年 5月~6月

woyia irikak

.x.d ÿiafiayard

Y=oaO jQ .x.d kÈh ñysu;g imeñŒu igyka flfrk Èkh" foõf,dúka wef.a msú;=re nj f.k tau" .x.d ÿiafiayard iu. ieuf¾' mdmfhka mú;% ùfï wruq‚ka ck;dj .x.dfõ c,fhka kyk w;r wdydrhg .; yels whs;u 10 la odk fldg fo;s'

kj;u ie,iqï i|yd weïìhkafÜ bkaähd fj; msúfikak' th .DydNHka;r ieris,s iy ksjdi wu;r Wmdx. i|yd fj<| fmd<ls' kdhl;ajh ork iud.ï fj;ska jk ksIamdok fukau ke.S tk iud.ïj, ksIamdok o ksIamdolhka" ie,iqïlrejka iy iemhqïlrejka i|yd fuys m%o¾Ykhg ;nd we;'

ljodo( cqks 25-27 fld;ek§( m%.;s

fïhsvdka" kjÈ,a,sh

ljodo( uehs 28 fld;ek§( .x.d kÈfha bjqre u;§ インドヨガの 素敵な話

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Orïid,d Ñ;%mg W;aijh

Orïid,d Ñ;%mg W;aijfha§ f,dalfha i;r jáka tk Ñ;%má ;sr.; flf¾' —iú{dklNdjh— iy —ks¾udKd;aul yelshdj— f;aud fldg .;a Ñ;%mg fm<g ldka;dj in, lsÍfï mqj;a we;=,;a fõ'

ljodo( cqks 11-13 fld;ek§( by< Orïid,d" ysudp,a m%foaYa

wU f.äfha lS¾;sh

bkaÈhdj mqrd jefjk úúO wU j¾.

1100 la ;rï .Kkla ri ú£ug È,a,s wka;¾cd;sl wU W;aijh fyd| wjia:djls' Bg wU lEfï ;rÕ" m%Yak úuiqï" iy ck ixo¾Yk o we;=,;a jk w;r ish,a, —m<;=re rcq— úiska wkq.%yh ,nkq we;'

ljodo( cqks 30 - cQ,s 2 fld;ek§( È,a,s ydÜ" mS;dïmqr" È,a,s

Y%jH W;aijh

PALM Expo ys 15 jk iu¾mKh i|yd

fldgialrefjl= jkak" th fm%da Y%jH jev igyka" wdf,dallrKh" iÔj y~" ia:dmk y~" ix.S; WmlrK iy Y%jH oDYH taldnoaO;d l¾udka;h Wfoid jk m%o¾Ykhls' 14 jirl id¾:l;ajfha .uklska miqj" m%o¾Ykh u.ska f.da,Sh jdolhkaf.a wk.s;u oE bÈßm;a flf¾'

ljodo( uehs 28-30 fld;ek§( fndïfí m%o¾Yk uOHia:dkh" uqïndhs

fmrjok m<uq wka;¾cd;sl fhda. Èkh cqks 21 jk Èk ieuÍug fhfok neúka" ñksid iy iajNdjh w;r tluq;=j we;s lrk mqrd;k mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍu iy fi!LHh iy fhda.H;dj ms<sn| idl,Hjd§ m%fõYh u; wfma b,lal msysgqjkq ,efí' fhda. ms<sn| iïNdjH iy wêldßuh fmd;a lsysmhla ms<sn|j wmf.a úfYaIdx.hlska Woa§mkh flf¾' wms hdñkS uq;dkdf.a fhda. n,h kï fmd; .ek iudf,dapkhla bÈßm;a lrkafkuq' th fhda. úoHdfõ ;dlaI‚l iy od¾Yksl me;s iunr lsÍug W;aidy .kakls' fhda.( uQ,dY%hg tfl,s lsÍu" úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh yd PSBT tla ú ksmojk ,o jd¾;d Ñ;%mgh fhda. iïNjh .fõIKh lrhs' oaúmd¾Yaúl lghq;= .ek" w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä ue;s;=udf.a uE;ld,Sk iSfI,aia" uqßis iy Y%S ,xld ixpdr iukaú; l< id.¾ hd;%d bkaÈhdkq id.r l,dmfha wd¾Ólh ixj¾Okh lsÍfuys ,d bkaÈhdfõ N+ñldj ms<sn| jvd;a mQ¾j l%shdldÍ wfmalaIdjla m<lrhs' ;j;a jeo.;a iïnkaO;djl ls‚ysr u; -fudaidï jHdmD;sh - bkaÈhdkq id.r l,dmfha cd;Ska w;r È.= ld,hla ;siafia wysñj .sh ne£ï h<s mK.ekaùug ne,Sug h;ak orhs' w.%dud;Hjrhdf.a —bkaÈhdfõ§ ksmojkak— uQ,drïNh fnx.dÆre ys 2015 § mej;s tafrda bkaähd - bkaÈhdkq iy úfoaY .=jkahdkd iud.ïj, ixo¾Ykh - wjia:dfõ ,nd .;a Yla;sh ;j;a ,smshlska meyeÈ,s flf¾' ta w;r" foaYiSud ydÜ" nx.,dfoaYh iu.ska fj<| ne£ï f.dvke.Su ms‚i ;%smqr wd¾Ól l,dmh msysgqju igyka lrhs' yeïms ys úYsIag wkq.%dyl fYaI ms<sn| PdhdrEm úfYaIdx.hla wm i;=j mj;sk w;r kej; ia:dmkh lsÍfï W;aidyhka i|yd iQodkñka isák yeïms ix.ï whjefhka wdOdr ,nkakg;a foaYh mqrd ;j;a Wreu .ukdka; kjhla iu. ixrlaIKh ùug;a wfmalaIdfjka miqfjhs' cQ,s 7-8 foÈk" Tng ,dvdlays fyñia W;aijhg iyNd.s úh yelsh" thska jd¾Islj iurkafka" whym; mrojd hym; ch.ekSfï m%S;sh" fjiauqyqKq k¾;kh" hd{d iy ;j;a foa iu.sks' ish WmlrK iu.ska w;ayod ne,Sïj, ksr; yskaÿia:dks iïNdjH ix.S; >rdkdjreka iu. wms l;dny lf<uq' fkdfn,a ;Hd.,dNS rîkaøkd;a ;df.darhkag Wmydrhla jYfhka" Tyqf.a Wm;a ixj;airh fhfok uehs 7 jk Èk" wms Tyqf.a wdÈ;uhkaf.a ksji jk fld,algdfõ ueÿr n,d hkafkuq' wdpd¾h fgiS f;dauia" ñihs, ;dlaIKfha bkaÈhdkq id¾:l;ajh msgqmi isák ldka;dj wmf.a ixjdoh msgqfjka lS¾;su;a flf¾' bkaÈhdfõ kfjda;amdok yelshdjka ,sms follska fmkakqï flf¾" tlla ,dvdlays isisrfha ck Ôú;h jeäÈhqKq lsÍug y÷kajd fok ,o iQ¾h Yla;s ksji ikakoaO lsÍu fjkqfjka jeh jk w;r wfkl W;a;¾ldkaoa m%foaYays mhska b¢lgqfjka ksmojk úÿ,sh ms<sn| l;dka;rh fjkqfjks'

bkaÈh o¾Yk

29 jk

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n ue hs-cqk s 2015

úldia iajrema

bkaÈ wk.s hdkq fhda. idys; H ksOms<sn| dk

uehs-cqks 2015

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W W W. I N D I A P E R S P E C T I V E S . I N

bkaÈhd o¾Yk

29 jk fj¿u n ksl; = j = 3 n uehs-cqks 2015

ixialdrl( úldia iajrema iydh ixialdrl( ksÅf,aIa älais;a úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh ldur wxl 152, ta - wka;h, Ydia;%S Njka kj È,a,sh, 110001 bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( 91'11'23388949, 23381719 *elaia( 91'11'23384663 fjí wvúh( http://www.indiandiplomacy.in Tnf.a m%;spdr $ úuiSï i|yd( osdpd2@mea.gov.in uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u m%ldYl yd m%Odk fufyhqï ks,OdÍ( úldia fcdydß m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍ yd l<uKdldr wOHlaI( m%ldIa fcdydß úOdhl ixialdrl( fi!rí gkaLd m%Odk ld¾hd,h uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.u tall wxl Ô-0-ta, ìï uy," MIRA ixia:dms; ldur fldgia wxl 1 yd 2" BYaj¾ k.¾" u;=rd mdr" kj È,a,sh" 110065" bkaÈhdj ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111, Fax: +91.11.43011199 CIN No: U22229DL2006PTC152087 Tnf.a m%;spdr $ úuiSï i|yd( indiaperspectives@maxposure.in úuiSï | MMGIPL i`oyd ÿrl:k( +91.11.43011111 *elaia( +91.11.43011199 www.maxposure.in

bkaÈhd o¾Yk wrdì" nydid bkaÿkSishd" bx.%Sis" m%xY" c¾uka" yskaÈ" b;d,shdkq" meIafgda" m¾ishka" mD;=.Sis" reishdkq" isxy," iamd[a[" fou< iy Ök NdIdj,ska m%ldYkh flf¾' ldur wxl 152, ta - wka;h, Ydia;%S Njka, kj È,a,sh, 110001 ys úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha (MEA) taldnoaO f,alï (XP) yd ks, udOH m%ldYl úldia iajrema úiska bkaÈhd o¾Yk uqøKh lr m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,nk w;r tall tall wxl Ô-0-ta, ìï uy,, MIRA ixia:dms; ldur" fldgia wxl 1 yd 2" BYaj¾ k.¾" u;=rd mdr" kj È,a,sh" 110065 ys uelaiafmdaIqj¾ óähd .DDma bkaähd mqoa.,sl iud.fï§ (MMGIPL) m%ldYhg m;a lrkq ,nhs¡ bkaÈhd o¾Yk jirlg 6 jrla m%ldYhg m;a fõ¡ ish¿u ysñlï weúßKs¡ fuys m<jk ,sms" ie,iqï yd $ fyda PdhdrEm bkaÈhd o¾Yk ys wkque;sh we;sj Ndú;d l< fyda kej; ks¾udKh l< yelsh¡ MEA yd MMGIPL, úfYaI b,a,Sula fkdue;sj imhk ,o ksIamdok" w;a msgm;a" PdhdrEm" ie,iqï úksúoNdjh yd fjk;a oE j,g isÿjk ydks fyda mdvq ms<sn|j j.lshkq fkd,efí¡ iÕrdj ;=, we;s woyia w;HjYHfhkau MEA fyda MMGIPL ys woyia fkdjk nj i,lkak¡ tkak wm yd( http://www.facebook.com/MEA http://www.twitter.com/MEA http://www.youtube.com/MEA —bkaÈhd o¾Yk˜ msgm;a i|yd wdikak;u bka§h ;dkdm;s ld¾hd,h wu;kak¡

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kS, j¾K fla;h( id.¾ hd;%d.................................06 kj uka;%h kï, bkaÈhdfõ§ ksmojkak hkakhss................................................. 10 fjkialfï jdrh ;=< wiqka oelaùu..........................16 bkaÈhdkq fhda. ms<sn| idys;Huh ksOdk..................................................20

iudf,dapkh

iqjimsß Ôú;hla i|yd m%dfhda.sl ud¾f.damfoaYhla..................................... 26

iudf,dapkh

fhda.j, iSudj,ska Tíng....................................... 28

ix.S;h

Ôjk ;;a;ajh k.d,Su...........................................50 §ma;su;a wkd.;hla újr lrk oajdrh.................................................. 55 m<uq foaYSh frdgdjhsria uqL tkak;........................ 58 uyd iÔùlrKfha ire jljdkqj.............................60

ixialD;sh

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bjqï msyqï

bkaÈhdkq ñßia lrf,a ùr l;dka;rh........................74

mú;%;djd§ka iy WfoHda.Sjka;hka................................................... 30

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kfjda;amdokh

mhska iam; S% j = fu,a, lsÍu......................................... 46

foaj;ajfha meyeh wkqiaurKh lsÍu........................80 fkdfn,a lsúiqre................................................... 84

ixjdoh

iSudj wyi ;rï Wihs........................................... 88 uehs-cqks 2015

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kf¾kaø fudaä w.%dud;H;=udf.a ch.%dyS id.¾ hd;%d j¾Kh ks,a meyehhs" hful=g bkaÈhdfjka wfmalaId l< yels jvd;a mQ¾j l%shdldÍ N+ñldj jkafka bkaÈhka id.r l,dmh ;=< ks,a wd¾Ólhla ixj¾Okh lsÍuhs joka | udksIa pdkaoa

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rgj,a ;=kla" tla id.rhla" tla fufyjrla' j¾K fla;h( ks,a' ud¾;=fõ§" bka§h w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä ue;s;=ud bkaÈhdkq id.rfha fjr<dikak rgj,a ;=kl ixpdrfha kshe¿fkah' Bg uydoaùm foll=;a -wdishdj iy wm%sldj - iSfI,aia" uqßish iy Y%S ,xldj hk rgj¿;a iïnkaO úh' bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;Hjrfhl=f.a tjeks ixpdr w;=frka m<uqjekak" bkaÈhdkq úfoaY m%;sm;a;s kHdifha § bkaÈhka id.rfha j¾OkSh m%uqL ,laIKh háka brla we¢ fiah" ;jo" bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;Hjrhd —id.¾ ^l,dmfha ieug wdrlaIdj iy j¾Okh& hd;%d˜ kñka yeÕSï Wmojk whqßka i|yka lf<a l=ulao hkakg jeo.;a wre;la tla lf<ah'

iSfI,aia bkaÈhdfõ iduqøSh wdrlaIdj tys bka§h id.r wi,ajeishka iu. by< kexùu i,l=Kq lrñka bkaÈhdj iy iSfI,aia tlaj .súiqï y;rla w;aika l< w;r tajd úúO lafIa;%j," c,úoHdj o we;=¿j" úh" fï fldfoõ cd;sh fjkqfjka oaú;Sh fvda¾ksh¾ .=jkahdkh msßkeóu kjÈ,a,sh ksfõokh l<dh' forg w;aika l< .súiqï y;r w;rg c,úoHdj wdY%s; iyfhda.s;dj" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;sh" há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh iy hd;%dlrK is;shï iy úoHq;a hd;%dlrK is;shï úlsŒu we;=,;a úh' fudaä ue;s;=ud úiska úêu;a f,i fjr<drlaIl ksÍlaIK f¾vd¾ jHdmD;sh Èh;a lf<ah" th bkaÈhdfõ wkkH jHdmD;shla jk w;r Èjhska cd;sfha ksÍlaIK yelshdjka j¾Okh lsÍu b,lal lrkakls'

uqßish uQ,sl iduqøSh yjq,alrejl= jk uqßish fjkqfjka bkaÈhdj fvd,¾ ñ,shk 500 l Khjrla i|yd m%;s{djla ÿka w;r há;, myiqlï i;aldrl jev igyka i|yd th m%odkh flfrkq we;' ;jo iduqøSh wd¾Ólh ms<sn| iQpl .súiqulao we;=,;aj" .súiqï myla w;aika lrk ,§' w.f,a.d Èjhsfka iy msg; Èjhsfka uqyqÿ iy .=jka m%jdyk cd,hla W;afYa‚.; lsÍug rgj,a fol w;r wjfndaOhla lrd <Õd ùula we;súh' uqßisfha iduqøSh há;, myiqlï j¾Okh lsÍfï mshjrla i,l=Kq lrkq ,eîh' tys§ fudaä ue;s;=ud uqyqÿ nv ne/lshqvdj úêu;a f,i Èh;a lsÍfï wjia:djg kdhl;ajh ÿkafkah'

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yjq,aldß;ajh

jfï( fudaä ue;s;=ud ;f,aukakdrïf;dg 1650 ceáh ÿïßh ia:dkfha§ ;f,aukakdru-ukakdru ÿïßhg ix{dj ksl=;a lrhs ol=fKa( bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;Hjrhd Y%S ,xldfõ fld<U msysá uydfndaê iñ;sfha odkuh wjia:djlg iyNd.s fjñka

Y%S ,xldj

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ÿïßh ixj¾Okh i|yd fvd,¾ ñ,shk 318 l Khjrla bkaÈhdj úiska Y%S ,xldj úIhfhys m%;s{d ÿkakdh" ta wer rgj,a fol úiska .súiqï y;rla w;aika lrk ,§ - ùid n,m;%" f¾.=" ;reK lghq;= ixj¾Okh iy ixialD;sl wxYj,sks' ;%sl=Kdu,h fmÜfrda,shï uOHia:dkhla f,i ksu lsÍfï iyfhda.h i|yd fudaä ue;s;=ud m%;s{djla ÿka w;r —uqo,a iajema lsÍfï .súiqu— la ksrdjrKh lrk ,§' tys jákdlu fvd,¾ ì,shk 1'5 ls" ta rfÜ wd¾Ól ia:djrNdjh /lSu i|ydh'

w.%dud;Hjrhdf.a ixpdr u.ska kjÈ,a,sfha bkaÈhka id.r rdcH ;ka;% lghq;= tluq;=fõ /yeka mg .Kkdjla fmkakqï l< w;r wka;¾ ine¢ wd¾Ól" n,Yla;s" iy Wmdh ud¾.sl b,lal lÜg,hla kv;a;= lsÍfï b,lalh we;sj ilia lrk ,oaola úh' tla w;lska" uqyqÿ fld,a," iduqøSh wdrlaIdj" iS>% kHIaÀl j¾Okh" iy wka;¾ cd;sl ixúOdkd;aul wmrdO we;=,;a wdrlaIl wNsfhda. ke.S tñka ;sfí' wfkla w;g" bkaÈhka id.rh yd;ami fjr<dikak rgj,aj,g wd¾Ól Ôjk Wmldr ksujñka ;sfnk neúka iy iduQysl oelau kjÈ,a,sfha n,Yla;s wdrlaIKhg rgj,a ;=fkys idudkH iSud ;SrKd;aul neúka fuh jeo.;a fõ' Y%S ,xldfõ fkd;lñka" wdrlaIdj" wd¾Ól iy bkaÈhdj wdkhkh lrk f;,aj,ska ÿïßh ixj¾Okd;aul iyfhda.; s dj b,lal ishhg 90 lau flfrkafka bkaÈhka ixj¾Okhg lrñka" —iduQyl s " iuQmldßl oelaula id.rh yrydh' bkaÈhdj fvd,¾ l,dmh ;=< ia:dms; lsÍu˜ iy;sl bkaÈhka id.rfha Wmdh ud¾.sl ñ,shk 318 l lrñka" tu mrud¾:h we;sj fï jeo.;a lu" f,dalfha ;=kj a k úYd,;u Khjrla i|yd ixpdrj,§ lghq;= fufyhú‚' —ug c,foa y h f,i;a wdis h dfõ úYd,;u m%;s{d fohs kï" ks,a pl%h fyda bka§h cd;sl wd¾Ólhka iuyrl uqyÿq ud¾.j,g Ocfha frdaoh NjH ks,a úma,jhla fyda ksjyk jk ksid;a w;sfYdal; a f s hka iduqøh S wd¾Ólhla ksfhdackh lsÍula fõ' ta u.skh q s m%ldY l< fkdyelsh¦ tys Wmdh ud¾.sl msyà s u wm iduqøh S wd¾Ólhla uOH.; lrkafka"˜ fudaä iu." iduqøh S l,dmh fuys kdhl n,fõ. w;r kj ue;s;u = d mejiSh' ta ud¾;= 12 jeks Èk uqßisfha fmg%,a iduqøh S úi,a l%v S djl wdOdrlhla njg m;a ù ;sfí' jdyk ne/lshv q dj wêldr .ekaùfï wjia:dfõ tavka fndlafla msg; yßfha iy fidaud,shd l< l;dfõ§h' —wms fj<|" ixpdrl iy wdfhdack fjrf<a uqyqÿ fld,a,lEï isoaê jeä ùu;a iu.u wxYj,ska úi,a iyfhda.hla m%j¾Okh l< hq;= w.%dud;Hjrhd iduqøSh wdrlaIK iyfhda.s;dj fjuq¦ há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh¦ iduqøh S úoHdj Wiia lsÍfï ish oelau m%lg lf<ah' —iduqøSh yd ;dlaIKh¦ ;sridr ëjr lghq;¦= iduqøh S mßirh iyfhda.s;dj i|yd jQ wmf.a l,dmSh hdka;%K wdrlaId lsÍu¦ iy iduqøl s wxYj, iuia; ixj¾Okh Yla;su;a lsÍug jk W;aidyhka i|yd wms fyda ks,a wd¾Ólh hkqfjks'— Tyq mejiSh' l,dmhg iyfhda.h oelaúh hq;= fjuq - uqyqÿ fld,a,lEï iduqøh S wjia:d f,iska bkaÈhdkq id.rh m%j¾Okh ;%ia;jdoh yd .kqfokq lsÍfï isg wfkl=;a wmrdO lrñka bkaÈhdfõ m%uL q ;d ms<n s |j l< l;dfõ§ olajd¦ kdjql wdrlaIdj iy iajNdúl wdmod ks¾jpkh iemhSu i|yd m< l< woyia j,sk's olajd˜ Tyq mejiSh'

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uqßisfha ¨‍hsia jrdfha msysá wdm%jdisia .dÜys§ wdm%jdis fjkqfjka bka§h w.%dud;Hjrhdf.a lD;.=K msßkefuhs

bkaÈhdfõ wkkH N+úoHd;aul msysàu N+foaYmd,kh yev .ekaùfï mQ¾j mqfrda.dó ;ekl th úiskau msysgqjd .kq ,en ;sfí" ;jo bkaÈhdkq id.r l,dmfha l,dmSh taldnoaO;djh cd, iïnkaO;djla" n,Yla;s iy m%jdy jHdmD;s ud¾.fhka w;a lr .ekSu mrud¾:hhs' bkaÈhdfõ bkaÈhdkq id.r l,dmSh m%;sm;a;sfha fm<Uùu bkaÈhka id.rh idu l,dmhla njg mßj¾;kh lsßu;a tu.ska Èkqu-Èkqu wjia:d ish¨‍u fjr<dikak rgj,a fj; msßkeóu;a N+foaYmd,ksl l%Svd iy yuqoduh m%lafIamK j,g by<ska wd¾Ól kej; ;sßyka lsÍu m%uqL;djh f,i i,lñka Odjkh flfrkq we;' kj bkaÈhdkq rch ksjerÈ ud¾.fha hñka kejqï fudfyd;la W.ekaùfï uQ,drïNh w;a lr .;a w;r foaYfha bkaÈhdkq id.r rdcH ;dka;%sl lghq;= j,g Wmdh ud¾.sl ixila;sh Èkd .kq ,en ;sfí' tys jeo.;a cd;sl wdl¾IK is;ays ord bkaÈhdj bkaÈhdkq id.r udhsï ix.ufha § mQ¾j l%shdldÍ;ajh úfYaIhla f,i ie,l+ w;r 2012 § cd;Ska 20 la iyNd.s jQ wud;H uÜgfï /iaùula i|yd i;aldrh imhk ,§' bkaÈhdkq id.r l,dmh cd;Ska 54 lska ieÿï,;a wm%sldkq uydoaùmfha ld¾h kshqla;sh ms<sn|j jeo.;a f;audjla jk w;r iyfhda.s;dfõ kj udj;a is;shïlrKfha§ ;=kajk bkaÿ-wm%sldkq ixio iuq¿j i|yd mQfrda.dó f,i i;aldrh iemhSfuka fmrg wd w;r th kjÈ,a,sfha§ fï jif¾ wjidkfha§ uq¿ fokq we;'

udjf;a bÈßhg bkaÈhdkq id.r rdcH ;dka;%sl lghq;= úi,a n,hla iy kj bkaÈhdkq rch iu. tys >K;ajh w;a lr .kq we;s w;r wka;¾ l,dmSh iïnkaO;dj" ueo fmrÈ.g" wm%sldjg iy wdishdjg me;sÍu iïnkaOfhka ish;a oelaula i;=j mj;S' l,dmSh jYfhka foaYfha jeo.;a wdl¾IKhka wdrlaId lsÍfuys ,d bkaÈhdkq kdjql yuqodj w;sYh jeo.;a fufyhla lrkq ,nk w;r ish iïNdjkSh fiajh 1000 lg jeä keõ ixLHdjla i|yd mßjdr iydh iemhSu w;ska o tavka fndlafla uqyqÿ fld,a,lEïj,ska wdrlaIdj iemhSu bkaÈhdfõ iïudkkSh;ajh wdrlaId lr .ekSu w;ska o ie,lsh hq;= ;rï fõ' th l,dmfha wdrlaIdj fjkqfjka jk iQpl N+ñldjla ork w;r úi,a lS¾;skduhlg ysñlï lshhs' fï úúO iy wfkal m%ldr W;aidyhka i|yd wdOdr iemhSu f.da,Sh iuqø fmdÿ ldrKh -

fudaä w.%dud;H;=ud Y%S ,xldfõ hdmkfha mjq,la ish ksjig f.je§u ksñ;af;ka lsß b;srùu l< wjia:djlg Wmldr lrñka

kjÈ,a,sfha bkaÈhdkq id.r rdcH ;dka;%sl lghq;= iÔùlrKh lrk fufyhqï ks¾kdhlh - kï iyl%shdj u; ish b,lalh iu." l,dmSh iyfhda.s;dj iy ksoyia hd;%dlrKh w;alr .kq i|ydh' kdjql kùlrKh ish oaùmd¾Yaúl ksr;h iy jeo.;a nyqmd¾Yaúl rdcH ;dka;%slNdjh ud¾. fhka l;a;= lmd jeoa§u u.ska bkaÈhdkq id.r udhsï ix.uh iy bkaÈhdkq kdjql f,aLklrKh jeks uQ,drïNhka j, iydh we;sj bkaÈhdj ksjerÈ mQ¾j mqfrda.dó N+ñldj id.r wjia:djla f,i bkaÈhdkq id.rh yev .ekaùfuka ilia lrkq ,en ;sfí'

udksIa pdkaoa bkaoshdj ,shhs cd,fha m%Odk ixialdrljrhdh" www.indiawrites.org" th wka;¾cd;sl lghq;= iy bkaÈhdkq l;dj b,lal lr.;a nyqudOH fodrgqjls

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kj uka;%h kï"

bkaÈhdfõ§ ksmojkak hkakhs

tafrda bkaähd bkaÈhdkq iy úfoaY ..k hd;%d iud.ïj, WfoHda.su;a iyNd.s;ajh kdufhka idlaIsh fmkajhs joka | m,a,j n.a,d

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ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ fnx.dÆre f;dr;=re ;dlaIKfha ksfhdað; rdcH ;dka;%slhka o Bgu tla fõ' uOHia:dkh fõ" kuq;a th Èk lsysmhlg iSud m%o¾Yk l=á ish .Kkla ish wê ;dlaIK fõ" fuu wê;dlaIK k.rfha ish¨‍u weia WmlrK m%o¾Ykh lf<ah' mß.Kl ;srfhka bj;g f.k wdldYh foig jdhj ixo¾Ykh wdrïN jQfha bkaÈhdkq .=jka fhduq lrkakg úh' wêfõ.S my;a mshdießh yuqodjg wh;a úkafÜÊ ghs.¾ fud;a .=jkahdkh l%shd;aul fjhs" fmrf,hs" lrKï .ihs" ;jo hqo hdkdj, l<ska hq.fha bkaÈhdkq YslaIs; ia:dmkh Y%djlhkaf.a is;a ne|.ksñka mshdirhs' iïNjh isysm;a lrjñks' wo ojfia iSudj blaujd ish¨‍u yevfha iy ;rfï .=jkahdkd hñka iy fhda.Hj bkaÈhdfõ Y%djl is;a ks,xldr l< w;r ta ksmojkak hk f;audj iqrlsñka wêfõ.S my;a 2015 fmnrjdß 18-22 olajd mej;s foaYSh ks¾udK folla - ieye,a¨‍ mshdießh tafrda bkaähd oelafï 10 jk m%ydrl .=jkahdkh iy ieye,a¨‍ l%shd;aul fjhs" ixialrKfha fldgila jYfhks' m%ydrl fy,sfldmagrhla - läkï fmrf,hs" m%ydrl fcÜhdkd" úYd, NdKav wkqm%dma;shlska bkaÈhdfõ .=jkahdkd lrKï .ihs" m%jdyk .=jkahdkd" fy,sfldmag¾" ksIamdokfha È.=j m%o¾Ykh ;jo ia:dmkh Yla;s m%jd,l Odjk .=jkahdkd lrñka mshdieÍh' bkaÈhdkq .=jka Y%djlhkaf.a iy kshuqjka rys; ..k jdyk yuqodjg wh;a reishdfõ ksIamdÈ; is;a ne|.ksñka ish,a, WfoHda.su;a ckldhlf.a bÈßfm< iqfldahs 30 tïflawhs mshdirhs is;a ne| .kq ms‚i wdldYfha hdkhla iuQyhdf.ka kslau ish;a k¾;khl fhfohs' bkaÈhdfõ foaYSh id¾j ksmqK;ajh iy ;=ß;Ndjh ksIamdokhla jk y;rjk mrïmrdfõ f;acdia iu.ska ne|.;a w;r isria uq.aO bßhõjlska .=jka hdkh ksrjoH f,iska ld¾hh idOkh mßmQ¾K;ajh lrd hñka ld¾hh idOkh lf<ah' lrñka m%Yxidj Èkd .;s' yer oukakg fkdj is;a weo.kakd m%o¾Ykh bka§h rcfha wdrlaIl wud;HdxYhg wkqj" i|yd ó<Õg tla jQfha weußldkq igka fcÜ ..k hd;%d iud.ï 635 la iy wdikak jYfhka j¾.fha t*a-16 hdkhla iy m%xY /*df,a fcÜ m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍka 300 la bkaÈhdfõ iy igka hdkhlah' jdhj wjOdkh Èkd .ekSfï úfoaY .;j iyNd.s jk w;r cd;Ska 42 l bßhõ idOkh lrñka úfoaY .=jka lrKï

^uqyqK; msgqj& yskaÿia:dks tafrdfkdálaia ,sñgâ úiska bÈßm;a lrk ieye,a¨‍ m%ydrl fy,sfldmagrh¦ my<( bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä ue;s;=ud tafrda bkaähd 2015 ys§

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lKavdhï lsysmhla ^n%SÜ,ska.a úkafjdal¾ia jeks& w;ßka iuyfrla wik ix.S;hla n÷h' kuq;a fuh mshdirk .=jkahdkd j, ;gq uqÿka iam¾Y jk wms wxl tl hk úreoh wikakg fkdleue;s jk fkdjk ;rñka lrKï bÈßm;a lf<ah' idrka.a lafIa;% lsysmfhka tllaæ wmf.a wdrlaIl wNsfhda. úiska m%o¾Ykh kj;k fudfyd; iemhSh" ta bka§h fyd¢ka okakd tajd' wmf.a cd;Hka;r j.lSïj,g .=jka yuqodfõ fy,sfldmag¾ m%o¾Yl lKavdhuhs' idlaIs ;sfnkjd' wmg wmf.a wdrlaIl iQodkïNdjh Tjqkf.a m%dKj;aj j¾K .ekajqKq" fudKrd f;audj jeäÈhqKq lsÍug wjYHhs' wmf.a wdrlaIl n,we‚ fldg.;a" Wiia ieye,a¨‍ fy,sfldmag¾ hdkdh' m%:u kùlrKh l< hq;=j ;sfnkjd'˜ j;djg" ldka;d ks,OdÍka fofofkl= fh,dykald" fnx.dÆre msg; o iyNd.s úh' jgrjqfï msysá bkaÈhdkq .=jka yuqod m<uqfjka" bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;H ia:dkh" úYd, mßudKfha fj<| idrka.a úiska kf¾kaø fudaä ue;s;=ud fu.d biõj i,ams,la njg mßj¾;kh l< w;r m%o¾Ykh kj;k iudrïN l< w;r Tyqf.a iqr;,a jev 250 la jQ bkaÈhdkq iud.ï iy 300 la fudfyd; igyk jk bkaÈhdfõ ksmojkak jk úfoaY iud.ï j, iyNd.s;ajfhka iemhSh" ta bka§h hkakg wdrïNhla fok wdldrhlska jirlg fojrla meje;afjk fj<| .=jka yuqodfõ foaYh wdrlaIl WmlrK ksIamdokfha m%o¾Ykhl jd‚c yqrej ;yjqre fy,sfldmag¾ uOHia:dkhla njg m;a lsÍfï lr ;sfí' frd,aia frdhsia¦ thd¾nia m%o¾Yl mshjr i|yd bÈß msïula ;eîh' bkaviaÜÍia¦ fndahska.a¦ f,dlaySâ lKavdhuhs iudrïNl wjia:dfõ§" fudaä ue;s;=ud udáka jeks ish¨‍u m%Odk fmf<a fufia mejiSh" —fï yeuodlgu jeä .=jkahdkd iud.ï m%o¾Ykhg iyNd.s úYd,;u tafrda bkaähd jev igyk" wmf.a foaYh jk wh w;r ish iyNd.s;ajh igyka fldg we;=,; kj úYajdifha uÜgula ms<sìUq lrhs" thska ;sfí' yskaÿia:dka tafrdfkdálaia ,sñg⦠Ndr;a bkaÈhdfõ f.da,Sh we,au ms<sìUq lrhs' Tn w;ßka bf,laÜfrdkslaia ,sñg⦠l<Hd‚ .Dma iy gdgdia fndfyda fofkl=g" bkaÈhdj hkq m%Odk jHdmdßl jeks fhdaO bkaÈhdkq iud.ï Tjqkf.a ksIamdok wjia:djls' wmg f,dalfha úYd,;u wdrlaIl m%o¾Ykh l< w;r úfoaYSh yjq,alrejka iu. noaO WmlrK wdkhklre hk f.!rjh ;sfí' th Tn jHdmdr weröfuys ,d Wkkaÿfjka n,d isáhy'

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jfï isg ol=Kg( idrdka.a fy,sfldmag¾ m%o¾Ykh¦ hela 52 ã iy hela 50 - tlai;a rdcOdksfha helaf,dõia lKavdhu¦ msf,agia mSiS 7 tïfla 2 iaúÜi¾,ka;fhys ksIamdÈ; hdkdj

bkaÈhdj Rcq úfoaY wdfhdack m%;sY;h ishhg 49 yuqodjo n,.kajñka isà' fmnrjdßfha§" bkaÈhdkq olajd Wmßuhlg iSud lrñka iSud uOHia:;djh rch y;ajk fidr kejg iïndOl mekjQ w;r ;yjqre l< khska l<Hd‚ .Dma iy biardfh,ays kHIaÀl n,fhka l%shdlrk iíueÍk yhlg;a r*dfh,a weâjdkaiaâ äf*kaia isiagïia iu. noaO iïndOl mekùh' ixfhdað; msßjeh fl%daf¾ jHdmdrhla i|yd w;aika l<y' l<Hd‚ .Dma ys ,laI 1 la fõ' th tÉtat,a úuid msf,agia mqyqKq iNdm;s" ndnd l<Hd‚ uy;d fufia mejiSh"˜ lsÍfï .=jkahdkd 70 la ksmoùug b,a,d isá w;r r*dfh,a bkaÈhdkq wdrlaIl iaúia iud.fuka thska 38 la w;a lr fj<|mf,a il%sh iyNd.slfhl= njg .kq ,eîh' m;aù ;sfí' ikaOdkfha fldgila bkaÈhdkq ckdêm;s wdpd¾h m%kdí fh,dykald" jYfhka" wms wmf.au ysñlï we;s uq l ¾Ô" md¾,sfïka;=j wu;ñka úYd, mßudKfha ;dlaIKfõoh iu.ska yuqoduh fhÿï fufia mejiSh" —bkaÈhdfõ ksmojkak fj<| i,ams,la ixj¾Okh lsÍug wfmalaId lrkjd'— jevigyk mrd¾:ldó mßir njg mßj¾;kh l<Hd‚ .Dma t<fUk j¾I fol ;=<§ moa O ;s h la ks ¾udKh lsÍug b,lal l< ish¨‍u m%Odk fvd,¾ ñ,shk 100 l jákdlula lrk w;r tys wruqK bkaÈhdj iud.ï j, we;s jHdmdr lghq;= lsÍug b,lal ks I a m dok uOHia :dkhla njg iyNd.s;ajfhka lrhs' bkaÈhdkq wdrlaIl wud;H yerùuhs ' ''m¾fha I Kh u; wjOdkh hq;a fj<| ufkdayd¾ mßlald¾ ue;s;=ud" whswhsà fhduq j ;s f nk w;r wmf.a wjOdkh m%o¾Ykhls mqyqKq bxðfkarejd" fufia mejiSh" ÈYd.; lrk w;r;=f¾ kfjda;amdokh —wdrlaIl o¾Ykh iu.ska" bkaÈhdj jvd;a /lshd wjia:d cks; lrkq we;'˜ wdrlaIl ksIamdokfha iajhx-m%udKd;aul njg fuu b,lalh Èydjg" fudaä ue;s;=ud fufia m;afjñka isákjd' bkaÈhdfõ ksmojkak hkq ñksh mejiSh" —bkaÈhdfõ§" rdcH wxYfha wdrlaIl fkdyels ;rï úYd, wjia:d imhk ;rfï jeo.;a l¾udka;h ;ksj ,laI folla muK fiajdkshqla; iy fuh jHdmdßl .kqfokq ;yjqre lsÍfï ,d fldg ;sfí' oyia .Kkla bxðfkarejka iy jeo.;a ld,hla ù ;sfnkjd'— bkaÈhdj ish kdjql úoHd{hkao tu f.dkakg tla fõ' Tjqka jd¾Islj

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by<( tlai;a rdcOdksfha ì%Ü,ska.a úkafjdal¾ia ol=fKa( bkaÈhdkq .=jka yuqodfõ ODjq fy,sfldmagrfha isú,a úp,kh

wdikak jYfhka fvd,¾ ì,shk 7 l m%;sodkhla ksmojkjd' thska l=vd iy uOHu ;rfï jHjidh ixÑ;hlg iydh ie,fia' wmf.a wdrlaIl l¾udka;h" mqoa.,sl wxYfha§ ;ju;a l=vd tlls' kuq;a oyia .Kkla /lshd wjia:d thska imhd ;sfnkjd' fuh wmf.a wdrlaIl WmlrKj,ska ishhg 60 lg wdikak m%udKhla wdkhkh lsÍu wLKav jk nj fkdi,ld yeß úghs' wm úfoaYSh w;a lr .ekSï i|yd fvd,¾ ì,shk oyhl .Kkla úhoï lrkjd' wOHhkj,ska fmkakqï lrkafka" wdkhkj,ska ishhg 20-25 m%udKhla wvq lsÍfuka mjd" w;sf¾l mqyqKq Wiia uÜgfï /lshd wjia:d 100000 isg 120000 olajd .Kkla ks¾udKh jk njhs' wmg foaYSh m%iïmdokh ishhg 40-70 m%udKhlska jeä l< yels kï" B<Õ mia wjqreoao we;=,;§" wm wmf.a wdrlaIl l¾udka;fha m%;sodkh fo.=K l<d fjkjd' Rcqj ks¾udKh flfrk /lshd wjia:d wkqj n,mEu l,amkdjg .kak" iïnkaê; ksIamdok iy fiajd wxY fln÷ fõo' wfkl=;a wxYj, w;=re ,dN .ek is;kak" Wiia øjHuh iy ;dlaIK lghq;= iïnkaOfhka' ta ksihs wm bkaÈhdfõ wdrlaIl l¾udka; ixj¾Okh lsÍug b,lal lrkafka fufyjr oelaula iys;j' fï ksid th wmf.a bkaÈhdfõ ksmojkak hk yojf;a /¢ mrud¾:h iu. mj;S' wms wdrlaIl m%iïmdok m%;sm;a;s iy mßmdá m%;sixialrKh lrñka isáuq' bkaÈhdfõ§ WmlrK ksmoùug meyeÈ,s jrKhla mj;skq we;' wmf.a m%iïmdok mßmdá ir,nj" j.ùfï

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krUkakka is;a weo.;a iqiqï Wmojk úiauhlska hq;a idOkh

yelshdj iy fõ.j;a ;SrK .ekSu ;yjqre lrkq we;' Rcq úfoaY wdfhdack uÜgu ishhg 49 olajd wm úiska by< oud we;' jHdmD;sh mj;akd ;;a;ajfhka we§ hkafka kï fuh by< hd yelsh' úfoaY wdh;kuh wdfhdack m%udKh ishhg 24 olajd wm úiska by< oud ;sfí' ;jo" ;ks bkaÈhdkq wdfhdaclfhl= fldgiaj,ska ishhg 51 la ord isàu ;jÿrg;a wjYH fkdfõ' l¾udka; n,m;% §fï l%uh whs;u .Kkdjla i|yd bj;a lrkq ,en we;' wjYH jk ia:dkfha§" l%shdj,sh ir, lrkq ,en we;' wms mqoa.,sl wxYfha N+ñldj úysÿjñka isáuq" m%Odk fõÈldjka u; mjd tfia fldg we;' wmf.a b,lalh" ish,a,ka i|yd —l%Svd N+ñhla— ks¾udKh lsÍuhs' f,dalh bkaÈhdfõ kj msÉ tl idorfhka ms<s.ksñka isà' *%Ekala flkav,a uy;d" weußldkq hg;a wdrlaIl f,alï" o yskaÿ mqj;am;g ,shñka" fufia mjihs" —wmf.a rch iy l¾udka;" bkaÈhdfõ l¾udka; moku Yla;su;a lsÍu fjkqfjka jev l< yels w;r bkaÈhdfõ ksmojkak hkak i|yd muKla fkdj l,dmfha ksmojkak

iy f,dalh wdrlaIs; ia:dkhla lsÍu i|yd jev l< yelshs'˜ bkaÈhdj iy tlai;a ckmoh i;=j —md;a*hskav¾˜ jHdmD;s Èh;a lr ;sfnk w;r kj wdrlaIl ;dlaIK fj<| uQ,drïNh" fcÜ tkaðka iy .=jkahdkd Odrl ;dlaIKh ksmoùu we;=¿j" wdrïN lsÍfï wNs,dIfhka miqfjhs' fuu .=jka m%o¾Ykh yd iu.dój úYd, m%fõYm;a .kqfokq isÿjQ w;r ,laI 3'5 lg jeä rislhka ixLHdjla fuu is;a n|k iq¿ ixo¾Ykh keröh' fudaä ue;s;=ud wjOdrKh l< mßÈ" wmf.a .=jkahdkd l¾udka;h ;ksju ,laI foll mqoa.,hka wjYH lr ;sfnk w;r t<fUk 10 jir ;=< fuu jqjukdj imqrkq b,a¨‍uhs' m%Odk wjia:d mj;skafka f.da,Sh fhdaOhka bkaÈhdj wvq msßjeh úYajdiodhS uOHia:dkhla ksIamdokh i|yd bÈßm;a lrkafka kï" .=jkahdkd WmlrK rch bv fok mßÈ mshdirkakg iQodkñka isà'

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fjkialfï jdrh

;=< wiqka oelaùu

fudaidï jHdmD;sh nyqmd¾Yaúl jHdmD;shla jk w;r tu.ska bkaÈhdkq id.r cd;Ska w;r È.= ld,hla wysñj .sh ne£ï h<s o,ajd iyfhda.s;dfõ iy yqjudrefõ kj udj;a Tiafia l%ufhka bÈßhg f.k hdug ;e;a orhs

bkaÿkSishdfõ fndfrdanq¥¾ úydrfha leghulska Èiajk kejla

2014 cqks ui § lgd¾ rdcHfha fodayd kqjr uq¿ ÿka f,dal Wreu lñgq /iaùfï 30 jk ieisjdrhg iyNd.s jQ idudðl cd;Ska w;r yjq,aldß;ajhlska fudaidï jHdmD;sh Èh;a lrk ,§' jHmD;sfhka b,lal lrkafka" wm%sldkq" wrdì iy wdishdkq f,dal o¾Ykhlska f,dal b;sydifha fuu jeo.;a wÈhr ieuÍug iy jd¾;d lsÍug ie,lsh hq;= mshjrla in, lsÍughs' —fudaidï jHdmD;sfha m%d:ñl

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b,lal lafIa;%h kï wka;¾cd;sl f,dal Wreu kdulrKh ixialD;sl fj<| udj;a lrd;a iduqøSh ixialD;sl N+oiqka bkaÈhdkq id.rh Tiafia kdulrKh;a i|yd f.k hduhs' fuu wka;¾cd;sl kdulrKh úfYaIs; f;aud .Kkla hgf;a mokï jkq we;s w;r" bkaÈhdkq id.r rgj,a j,ska ld,hla ;siafia ke.S wd .súiqï.; Y%uh" nqoaOd.u" yskaÿ wd.u" bia,duh" iy l%sia;shdks wd.u yqjudre

ld¾hh i|yd ine¢ wvú" iúu;a l< jrdh ixialD;sl wka;¾l%shd" yqud, n,fhka hk lghq;=" hd;%dlrK lvbï" ljä fj<|du" NdKav m%jdyk fk!ld úiska rej,a hd;%d l=¿nvq fj<|du wd§ i|yd ine¢ wvú" i|yd ms<sn| úYajdih ì| oeuQ iuh olajd yqjudre fjkajqKq f;aud ta w;r fõ'˜ l%uh in, lsÍu;a thska rùkaø isx" f,alï" ixialD;sl flf¾' oekqu iy fudaiï u.ska oekqu iy fudaiï wud;HdxYh" bka§h rch" n,mEug ,la jQ fm!rd‚l iy u.ska n,mEug meyeÈ,s lrhs' ft;sydisl fj<|du" m%dfoaYSh ,la jQ fm!rd‚l —fudaidï˜ iy wrdì niska wd¾Ólhka" wd.u" foaYmd,kh iy ft;sydisl —uõisï˜ hkafkka i|yka iy ixialD;sl wkkH;d fj<|du" m%dfoaYSh lrkafka" keõj,g mfriaifuka m%;swd.Kkh tysu ld¾hhls' wd¾Ólhka hd;%d l< yels ld,hhs' fuu cd, ud¾.fhka yqjudre m%;swd.Kkh tysu bkaÈhdkq id.rfha wkkH lr .kakd NdKav j,g we;=,;a ld¾hhls iq<x m%jdy moaO;sh idudkH jkafka" - iqj|ldrl" T!IO" rgdjla wkq.ukh lrk w;r idhï j¾." l=¿nvq" OdkH" oej" th bkaÈhdkq id.rh Tiafia ck;dj" NdKav frÈms<s" ue‚la" f,day iy me<Eá iy i;a;aj iy woyia p,kh i|yd myiqlï imhd ;sfí' ksIamdok wdÈhhs - hd;%d .uka ud¾.fhka

ol=fKa( bkaÈhdfõ mer‚ f.dafõ Ydka; lefcgdkaf.a foajia:dkh my<( gekaidkshdfõ iekaisnd¾ kqjr ffY,uh k.rh

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LEGEND UNESCO Cultural Sites UNESCO Natural Sites UNESCO Cultural Sites in danger UNESCO Natural Sites in danger

Map of the Indian Ocean ‘World’

m%jdykh flfrk w;r bkaÈhdkq id.r fjr<dikak rgj, fj<|m,j, iy lvùÈj, ksrka;rfhkau úlsfKa' m%j¾;k cd;sl wkkH;djka iy w;S;fhka wd m%;HlaIhka mer‚ ne£ï iu.ska .eUqßka wka;¾noaO ù ;sfí'

iy /iaùï ud¾.fhka iduqøSh ux wOHhkh lsÍug iïnkaO jQ f;aud u; jk m¾fhaIK tu.ska m%j¾Okh flfrk w;r nyqúIhhsl m%fõYhla wod< lr .ekSu u.ska tfia lrkq n,dfmdfrd;a;=jhs' fmdÿ Wreuhla ms<sn| ixl,amh iy nyq wkkH;dj jHmD;s b,lal ms<sn| mq¿,a wjfndaOhla m%j¾Okh fudaidï nyq me;slv bkaÈhdkq id.r lrkq ms‚i" fmdÿ uyck;dj jHdmD;sh —f,dalh˜ .fõIKh lsÍug Wfoid jk m%ldYk iu.ska m%j¾;k mqrdúoHd;aul iy ft;sydisl úfYaIs; jev ksIamdokh lsÍu cd;sl iy m¾fhaIK ii|d n,ñka ixialD;sl" tu.ska Èß .ekafõ' ckjd¾.sl iSud jd‚c iy wd.ñl bkaÈhdkq idr cd;Ska iu. wysñj .sh blaujd hdug l,dmSh wka;¾l%shdldß;ajh ine¢hdjka kej; u;= lrñka( n,dfmdfrd;a;= iy úúO;ajh f,aLkhg bka§h idrfha rgj,a iyi%lh fjhs ke.Sug jHmD;sfhka i|yd ierfiñka udj;a yjq,a lr b,lal flfrhs' .ekSug miqng fkdjQh' fudaidï wka;¾cd;sl iïuka;%K jHdmD;sh m%j¾;k cd;sl iy ckjd¾.sl iSud blaujd hñka fmdÿ ixialD;sl w.hhka iy wd¾Ól ne£ï bkaÈhdkq idr —f,dalh˜ ;=< f,aLk.; lsÍu iy ieuÍu lsÍug n,dfmdfrd;a;= fjhs' bkaÈhdkq id.rfha rgj,a Tiafia ne£ï Yla;su;a lsÍu tu.ska lrkq we;s w;r iyfhda.s;djfha iy wLKav bkaÿkSishdfõ nd,s wka;¾l%shdldß;ajfha kj md,ï i|yd ilia fjr<dikakfha lsÍula wfmalaId flf¾' ffY,uh m%;sudj

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jfï( bkaÈhdfõ f.dafõ we.=jdvd fldgqfõ m%§md.drh ol=fKa( bkaÿkSishdfõ nd,s ys gdkd f,dÜ úydrh

mj;akd f,dal Wreu wvú j,g ine¢hdjka iduqøSh fj<|dï iïnkaO;d kej; ia:dmkh ks¾udKh lrñka( yria-ixialD;sl wka;¾cd;sl lrñka ta yer jHdmD;sh hd;%d .uka iy meyeÈ,s lsÍula imhñka bkaÈhdkq id.r ixo¾Yk lsÍug iqre kùk ixpdrlhka flf¾ —f,dalfha˜ úia;D; f,dal Wreu wvú iïnkaO n,dfmdfrd;a;= o,ajhs' fuu l%shdj,sh ;=<§" lsÍug fõÈldjla Tmamq lsÍuhs' ixialD;sl" ft;sydisl iy mqrdúoHd;aul yqjudre —ixialD;sl N+oiqka˜ kej; ks¾jpkh lrñka( kej; mE§ula jkq we;' fudaidï jHdmD;sh wvú ,ehsia;=.; lsÍfï mr;rh y÷kd .ekSu ie,lsh hq;= m¾fhaIK ixrplhla we;=,;a iy idl,Hjd§" nyq-ia:r ne,aula imhñka lsÍug;a b,lal lrhs' Wreuhka wdrlaId lsÍfï iy —iajNdúl˜ iy —ixialD;sl˜ Wreuh i|yd iy ks¾udKYS,S;ajh fmdaIKh lsÍfï hqfkiaflda mj;akd ldKav w;r iïnkaO;djla wÈñka ysoei ys fjkiajk o¾Ykh iu. wiqka folla msrùuhs' fuu.ska —ixialD;sl N+oiqka˜ ixl,amh" fyda jeäfhka mQ¾K lsÍfï n,dfmdfrd;a;=j kejqï" nyqme;slv m%fõYhla iy jHdmD;sfhka we;s fõ' iïnkaO;d i|yd bv foñka kej; wdikak wkd.;h i|yd jk Wreuhka wdrlaId ks¾jpkh flfrkq we;' ie,iqï .Kkdjla fõ' —fuu lsÍfï hqfkiaflda f,dal Wreuh hgf;a jif¾ iema;eïn¾-Tlaf;dan¾ ys fjkiajk wka;¾cd;sl kdulrKh w;alr udij,§ meje;afjk bkaÈhdkq o¾Ykh iu. .ksñka( wka;¾cd;sl kdulrKh id.r l,dmfha idudðlhka 39 wiqka folla fyda hgf;a f,dal Wreu weuqKqu w;a fofkl=f.ka ieÈ wka;¾cd;sl jeä .Kkla lr .ekSug" oDYH;dj" m¾fhaIK" iïfï,khla i|yd bkaÈhdj n,dfmdfrd;a;=j ;sridr ixpdrl jHdmdrh" Wreu i;aldrh imhhs' fudaidï jHdmD;sh jHdmD;sfhka ixj¾Okh" iy bkaÈhdkq id.r hgf;a wka;¾cd;sl kdulrKh we;s fõ l,dmfha wfkl=;a ixialD;sl i|yd iduQysl Wmdh ud¾.hla iïuq;s m%j¾Okh lrñka úIhh lrd t<öu tys n,dfmdfrd;a;=jhs' m:h jeä j¾Okh lsÍug —bkaÈhdkq iduqøSh fj<| ud¾.$ixialD;sl id.r iduqøSh ud¾.˜ i|yd Wmfoia iemhSuhs' N+oiqka i|yd hdj;ald,Sk ,ehsia;=jla hqfkiaflda bkaÈhdj ;=< uQ,drïNhka( ol=Kq bkaÈhdfõ f,dal Wreu uOHia:dkh fj; bÈßm;a lsÍu flar<h iyi%l foll l=¿nvq udj; kej; ms‚i 2016 wm%sfh,a jk úg iduQysl Wmdh ud¾. mE§ug W;aidyhka .ksñka isà' l=¿nvq hlska iy wvú f;aÍu u.ska ielfikq we;'˜ isx udj; yd wdY%s; rgj,a 31 la iu. flar<fha woyia fohs'

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bkaÈhdkq fhda. ms<sn|

idys;Huh ksOdk fhda. iïNjh fõo .%ka: olajd Èfjk w;r th f.da,Sh jYfhka ckm%sh lsÍfuys ,d fmd;a iuQyhla wk.s fufyhla lr ;sfí joka | tia Y%SOrka

kgrdcdikh

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bkaÈhdfõ uq,a me;sß fhda." u;lhg fndfyda wE; ld,hl mgka mqreÿ mqyqKq lrkq ,en we;' fndfyda bkaÈhdkq ksfjiaj, ffoksl wx.hla f,i th ;snqK;a bkaÈhdfõ ;ekam;a úfoaYslhka w;r o ckm%sh Ndjh Èkd .ekSug iu;a úh' f.da,Sh mqrjeishkaf.a yoj;a ;=< fhda. i|yd úfYaI ;ekla ks¾udKh lrkakg;a y÷kajd fokakg;a wk.s fufyhla lsÍfï iïudkh iajdñ úfõldkkao fj; ks;e;skau msßkefuk w;r Tyq i;rdldr - l¾u fhda. ^l%shdud¾.&" OHdk fhda. ^oekqu u; mokï jQ fhda.&" rdc fhda. ^Ndjkd& iy Nla;s fhda. ^lemùu& - l%u we;=,;a fmd;a .Kkdjla ,sùh' wo ojfia" f,dalh mqrd fhda. m%p,s; ù we;s w;r cqks 21 jeks Èk cd;Hka;r fhda. Èkh f,i y÷kajkq ,en ;sfí' fhda. iïNjh fõo .%ka: hq.h olajd Èfõ' ixialD; NdIdfjka ,sheù we;s fõo f,dalfha mer‚;u idys;H lD;s f,i ie,fla' kuq;a fhda. ms<sn|j fhduq" fõo .%ka: ;=< úisÍ we;s w;r ks;ru mdfya jl% fyda úfYaI f,i i|yka ù ;sfí' ld,h mqrdjg" fhda.sjrekaf.a ^fhda.

okaOHudk-cdkqYsrdikh

talmdo lfmda;dikh

kgrdcdikfha úp,Hhla

mqreÿ mqyqKq lrkakka& is;a ;=< Wmka woyia fmd;a .Kkdjlg yerù we;' fuys .eíù we;s ;dlaIKh l%udkql+,j f,aLk.; ù we;s w;r wo fj<|mf,a iq,N NdKavhla ù ;sfí' fuhska lsysmhla mer‚" iïNdjH iy wêldßuh fmd;a f,i ke.S isà'''

.fõIKh lsÍug;a tjeks bjy,la wjYH fõ' wo mjd" fuu jákd ,shú,a, u; ìysjk jHdLHdk Èfkka Èk fmkfkkag ;sfí' md;xc,S RIsjrhd kd. iajdñ wdÈfiakf.a mqkre;am;a;sh f,i ie,ls,a,g n÷ka jk w;r by< mQckSh;ajh;a Èkd f.k ;sfí' fldgia y;rg fn§ we;s iQ;% 195 fhda. iQ;%h la Bg wh;a fõ' tla tla fldgila wo mjd" md;xc,S meje;aug n÷ka l< uq,au fhda. mdohla f,i ye¢kafõ' RIsjrhdf.a iQ;% .%ka:h bÈßm;a lsÍfï f.!rjh fuu ,shú,a, ;=< fhda. y÷kajd f.!rjfhka md;xc,S RIsjrhdg ysñ fõ' we;af;a" —f;dard .;a b,lalhla i,lkq ,nkafka th idys;Huh jYfhka iQ;% flf¾ is; yeisrùfï yelshdj iy fhda. idys;Huh wdldrfhka bÈßm;a ù we;s neúka lsisÿ ndOdjlska f;drj ÈYdk;sh uqÿka u,alv fhda. iQ;%h hk kduh ysñ ù ;sridr lsÍu˜ hkqfjks' fhda. iQ;%h f,isks ;sfí' wo mjd" th ie,ls,a,g ;=< wvx.= fmdÿ m‚jqvh kï" n÷ka fõ" f.!rjhg n÷ka fõ" th —t<fUk fõokdj iu. .kqfokq fhda.j, uQ,dY% ,shú,a, fõ' lsÍug wms mshjr .ksuq˜ hkakhs' md;xc,S RIsjrhd l%sia;= mQ¾j 150 isg l%sia;= thska fi!LHu;a m%S;su;a Ôú;hla i|yd ud¾.h j¾I 450 olajd ñys;,h u; jdih l< nj fmkaùu;a wd;;sh l<ukdlrKh lsÍug ud¾. úYajdi lrkq ,efí' md;xc,S RIsjrhdf.a hla fmkaùu;a flf¾' W.ekaùï we;=,;a iQ;%h jHdLHdk wjYH lrk mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍug fuj,ï .Kkdjla thska ;;a;ajhl mj;sk w;r f;areï .ekSug;a meyeÈ,s flf¾" ckm%sh tl jkafka —wjhj

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by<( md;xc,S RIsjrhdf.a úúO ksfhdack lsysmhla¦ my<( kgrdcdikfha úp,Hla

ieye,a¨‍ lsÍfï fhda. l%uhhs˜' me;slv wg kï" hdu ^ndysr úkh&" kshdu ^wNHka;r úkh&" wdik ^bßhõ&" m%dKdhu ^Yajik wNHdi&" m%;Hydr ^yeÕSï md,kh&" Odf¾h ^tald.%;djh&" OHdk ^Ndjkdj&" iy iudê ^iuia; taldnoaO;djh&' is; l%shd;aul jk ud¾.h ms<sn| ;shqKq udk t<shg .ekSfï wkkH .=Khla fuu ,shú,af,a ;sfí' wIaGdx. fhda. mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍu ud¾.fhka is; md,khlg k;= flfrk w;r thska Ôú;fha ienE iajrEmh iy fõokdjg Tífnka we;s wd;aóh ,laIK fy<sorõ lsÍu flf¾' wjidk b,lalh jkafka iajNdjhg tys we;s ne£fuka wd;au ksoyi ,eîu;a iajdëk ;;a;ajhg m;aùu;ah'

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Yoga Sutras

by Patanjali

Hatha Yoga Pradipika

by Yogi Svatmarama

Yoga Yajnavalkya Saahita

by Sage Yajnavalkya

Yoga Rahasya

by Sage Nathamuni

y; fhda. m%§msldj fhda. mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍfuka w;a lr .; yels iajdñ Ysj úiska md¾j;shg fhda. ms<sn|j fõ' b.ekajQ foa fuu ,shú,af,a wvx.= fõ' fuu fhda. ryiHd idïm%odh y; fhda. kñka ye¢kafõ' fm< fhda. ryiHd fyj;a fhda. ms<sn| ryia wdlD;shlska" fhda.s iajd;aurdu úiska rpkh uq,ska tkafka ixialD; ,shú,a,la jYfhks' lrk ,o ldjH ixialD; NdIdfjka tys ,sheù fuys b.ekaùï ol=Kq bka§h ffjYakdú; ;sfí' mßÉfPo y;rlg fn§ we;s idka;=jrfhl= jQ kd:uqks uq¿ ldjH .Kk 389 ls' y; fhda.

RIsjrhd úiska lrk ,oehs fhda. ryia hkafkys wre;" —y iy ; hk ie,fla' ld,hla mqrd wm%lgj uq,ska ,sheù n,fõ. fol ne£uhs˜' tajd m%dfha wia:dk.;j mej;s fuu ,shú,a, we;af;a ldjHuh iy wmakd f,i;a ye¢kafjk w;r cd;Hka;r iy cd;sl jYfhka wdldrfhka kdä fol jk bod iy msx., ;=< kùk fhda. Ydia;%fha mshd ixialD; m%jdyh fõ' m%dKdhu mqreÿ mqyqKq f,i ie,flk fhda.s ;sreud,d NdIdfjks lsÍu ud¾.fhka bkaOdk ;=k w;a l%sIaKupd¾h ^1888-1989&" úiska lr .efka' fhda.sjrhd wjidkfha fidhd .kq ,en we;' Tyq iudê kï isf;a by<u ;;a;ajh úYsIag ixialD; úoHd¾Óhl= <Õd lr .kS' fuu ;;a;ajh w;a lr .ekSfï jQ w;r fõo iy iudk úIhh ms<sn| mqreoaog wdik" m%dKdhu" uqød iy kÿkqikaOdk úêu;a wOHdmkhla ,enQfjl= úh' we;=,;a fõ' l¾Kdglfha bm§" Tyq ysud,h lrd ixl%uKh ù lhs,dYa ukidfrdaj¾ lrd fhda. hdÔj,alHd idys;d .sh w;r fhda.s rdufudayk n%yaupdß úYsIag m%d{ hdÔj,alHd úiska Tyqf.a l,;%hd hgf;a wOHdmkh ,eîh' Tyqf.a iy YsIHdj jQ .d¾.s g l< b.ekaùï fuu fmdf;ys jd¾;d.; ù ;sfí' mßÉfPo fyj;a wOHdh 12 fnfok ldjH 462 lska fuu fmd;a iukaú; fõ' fuu ,shú,a,g wkqj" Ôjd;au ^tall wd;auh& iy mrud;au ^úYaj wd;auh& ixfhdackh iudê f,iska ye¢kafõ' fuh fk¿ï msysgqu w;a lr .kafka wfkdhs.d fhda. fyj;a hdu ^ndysr úkh&" kshdu ^wNHka;r kúkh&" wdik ^bßhõ&" m%dKdhu ^Yajik wNHdi&" m%;Hydr ^yeÕSï md,kh lsÍu&" Odßh ^tald.%;djh&" OHdk ^Ndjkdj& iy iudê iuia; taldnoaO;djh& ud¾.fhks' úkhdkql+, Ôú;hl jeo.;alu fuu ,shú,af,ka wjOdrKh lrk w;r fm!rd‚l Y=oaO ,shú,s wkqj fuu m%;sM,h

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,shú,a, ldjH 267 lska iukaú; jk w;r fõ' Tyq tla tla ukqIHhdg j.lSï mjrhs' mßÉfPo y;rlg fn§ ;sfí - ye¢kaùu" wod< m%md;a;s ih jeoEreï b.ekaùu i|yka lsÍfuka lr .ekSu" ms<sìUqj iy ñksid ms<sn| fldgia wk;=rej l;=jrhd jev wdrïN lrkafka iy iïmQ¾Kh tajdhs''' fufia i|yka lrñks" —fhda. mqreÿ mqyqKq m%dlf¾OHdh( fuys uq,a meÈ ;=k .=rel=,fha lsÍfï ,d ldka;djka úfYaIfhka iqÿiqlï wdpd¾jrekg flfrk ia;=;shls' ,nd ;sfí'˜ isf;ys iy lfhys b.ekaùï wdrïN jkafka frda. iy jHdê - wOHd;añl" fohdldr fhda. - Nla;s fhda. wêfN!;sl iy wêffoúl isf;ys iy ^le,ùu& iy m%md;a;s fhda. hkqfjka ;=ka wdldr fõ' l;=jrhd lfhys jHdê ^hgy;a ud¾.h& - ms<sn| m%dKdhu mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍug ;=ka wdldr ye¢kaùulsks' Nla;s fhda. hkq úfYaI iyfhda.hla fok w;r fõ( wOHd;añl" weg jeoEreï lemùu jk w;r wdikj,§ Yajik wNHdi fhdod wêfN!;sl m%md;a;s fhda. hkq ih jeoEreï .ekSu lrhs' iy wêffoúl lemùuls' Nla;s fhda.j, iqúfYaIS wdik wNHdi úp,;d wkqj jYfhks bï" hdu" kshdu" wdik" m%dKdhu" úia;r lr we;s fuys m%dKdhu m%;Hydr" Od¾h" OHdk iy iudê wNHdij,§ uQ,sl N+ñldjla kï fõ' fuh md;xc,Sf.a wIagdx. fhda. yd fmkakqï flf¾' wdik wNHdi u.ska jk yßhgu iudk fõ' fï fhda. ud¾. folu úfYaIs; wNsm%dhh m%dKdhu w;r;=r§ nkaO j, .=rejrhdf.a lS¾;sh u; muKlau hefma' jeo.;alu iu. idlÉPd flf¾' ish¨‍u i;ajhkaf.a yoj;a j, isák iajdñ úksfhda.OHdh( ks¾udKh" meje;au iy kdrdfha ms<sn| meùug tu fmd; ,shefõ' Tyq úkdYh hk ms<sfj, wkqj hñka úksfhda. f,dalfha øjHuh iy wøjHuh uQ, fya;=j OHdh fhda. iu.ska .kqfokqjl fhfoa' iuyr

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wdik hful=g wjqreÿ 25 blafukakg fmr iïmQ¾K l< hq;= fõ' wdydr j¾. lsysmhla ms<sn| iSud lsÍï" o meyeÈ,sj olajd ;sfí' fN!;sl frda.j,g ms<shï lsÍu;a fuys idlÉPd fõ' we;eï jHdê i|yd ms<shu f,iska Yajik wNHdi y÷kajd fokq ,nhs' ld,iSudj iy m%dKdhu j, iajNdjh m%;HlaI .=rejrfhl= úiska YsIH mrïmrdjg meyeÈ,s lr Èh hq;= fõ' úu¾pkdOHdh( úu¾pkdOHdh fhda. mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍfï§ ,nd .; hq;= úkh ms<sn| meyeÈ,s lrhs' isf;ys iy lfhys wia:djr iajNdjh jerÈ wdydr rgd j,ska isÿjk w;r foúhka iy Wka jykafka jkaokh i|yd lemùfuka l;=jrhd .eì‚ ksjerÈ lr .; hq;= fõ' ud;djl úiska ;=jrhd wdik úia;r lrñka wdydrh iu. .eì‚ ldka;djl úiska .; mqreÿ mqyqKq l< hq ; = wdydr wehf.a wjia:dj hq;= wdik l%u wkq j úh hq ;= nj wjOdrKh úia;r lrhs lrhs' m%dKdhu jHdêj,ska ñ§u i|yd we;s tlu ms<shuhs' l,dOHdh( ksYaÑ; ldrK j,g ms<shfuys§ hula mqoa.,fhl=g m%sh fõo ke;fyd;a Tyq flf¾ fõo ta l,dOHdh ;=< idlÉPd flf¾' udkj p¾hdj ms<sn| úia;rd;aul f;dr;=re fuhska fok w;r mqoa.,hka uq<djg fhduq lrk foa fmkajd fohs' ñksid ;udj jrÈka j<lajd .; hq;= fõ'

tia Y%SOrka fpkakdhs kqjr l%sIaKupd¾h fhda. ukaÈrfha Ndrldrjrfhls" kjÈ,a,sfha MDNIY md,l uKav,fha idudðlfhls

^uqyqK; msgqj&( mdox.=ia: moau W;alid;kh¦ ol=fKa(n,dikh

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iudf,dapkh

iqjimsß Ôú;hla i|yd m%dfhda.sl

ud¾f.damfoaYhla

hdñkS uq;dkd úiska rÑ; fhda. n,h - wdrïNlhkag iy ks;sm;d wNHdi lrkakkag m%fhdackj;a jk bÕs foñka fhda. j, úplaIK iajNdjfha iel yßhs

fhda. ms<sn| ,shefjk lshùug uykais Wmojk ;rï fmd;a ixLHdj w;=ßka fhda. j, ;dlaI‚l iy od¾Yksl wxY idlÉPd lrk ÿ¾,N ,shú,a,ls hdñks uq;dkdf.a fhda. n,h' uhsiQrfha fhda. .=re î tka tia bfhka.¾ hgf;a jir 22 la YsIHdjlj isá uq;dkd oeka fnx. dÆre ys fhda. wdh;khla mj;ajd f.k hhs' j¾;udk fhda. yodrk kjlhkaf.a wod<;ajh ms‚i fhda.j, iajNdjh iel yer mjikakg weh ;SrKh l<dh' wehf.a fmd; wehf.a is;=ú,s ms<sn| kshu ms<sìUqjls' fuu mqrd;k ;dlaIKh

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^uqyqK; msgqj& pl% - YÍrfha n,Yla;s uOHia:dk¦ by<( mshjfrka mshjr oDYH ksfhdack u.ska wjfndaOh myiq lrjhs

ms<sn| wehg yiq jk ;rï o¾Ykh fmryka ksYaÑ; wdikj, wmeyeÈ,s wjia:d meyeÈ,s lrñka úoHd;aul iajrEmhlska ,shkakSh' lrkjd muKla fkdj tajdfha ;dlaI‚l flfiafj;;a" weh pl% iy fhda. o¾Ykh me;slv háka bß we£uo lr we;' WodyrK ms<sn|j ye¢kaùula iu.ska w; jYfhka" u;afiHkaødikh fkd.eiQ wdOHd;añl me;slv i|yd jk wjjdo iqulh u.ska úoykq fyd¢ka mj;ajd .kS' lfYarefõ i¾ms,h úiska Wor ks;m s ;d wNHdi w;Hka;fhkau l=yr mg,h iy Yajik wjhj lrkakkag lshjkakdg ñ;% m%fhdackj;a mSvkhg ,la lrk neúka wm m%fhdackj;a jk fmd;ls' wka;¾.;h jvd;a ;shqKq fõokdjkaf.ka wdrlaId bÕs foñka fhda. j, úplaIK wjfndaOd;aul wdldrhlska lsÍu ms‚i wNHdi iSud l< iajNdjfha iel ldrKd ,l=Kq fhdod hq;= nj mjihs' fndfyda wjjdo yßkakg b,lal ,ehsia;=.; lsÍï wkqidrfhka" iqulhka fujka wjjdo f.k lrhs Woa§ma;" Wmud;Dld iy tk w;r tajd fmd; mqrdu úys§ mshjfrka mshjr bÈßm;a ;sfí' mdGlhdg úia;rd;aul flfrk rEmuh kso¾Yk f;dr;=re ,nd foñka iys;j ks¾udKh lr we;' fmd;g tl;= wdrïNlhkag fukau ks;sm;d wNHdi flfrk w;sf¾l udkh jkafka —wjjdo˜ lrkakkag m%fhdackj;a lshjqula njg m;a iy —jeo.;a˜ fhÿïh' ta fldgq yqfolau fldg ;sfí'

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fhda.j,

iSudj,ska Tíng

fhda.( uQ,dY%hg tfl,s lsÍu" fhda. ú,dihka iy m%;s,dN ms<sn|j PSBT iy úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh iyfhda.fhka ksmehqKq jd¾;d Ñ;%mgh" fuu fm!rd‚l úoHdfõ wjfndaOh kej; n, .ekaùug bkaÈhdkq wdOHd;aufha me;slv úhukl fhfohs joka | wd¾;s lmQ¾ isx

fm!rd‚l bkaÈhdkq fhda. úoHdj" ne£u" tfl,s ùu iy ord isàu hk wre;a fok hqc hk ixialD; jpkfhka jHq;amkak ù we; f,dalfha m%sh;u idl,Hjd§ fi!LHuh wNHdih njg m;a ù ;sfí' tlai;a ckmofha jHdhdud.dr j, isg Ökfha ixialD;sl Yd,d olajd" jvd;au mqreÿ mqyqKq flfrk wNHdih yd m%;sl¾óh l%uh f,i fhda. m;a ù ;sfí' ñ,shk .Kkla f.da,Sh jYfhka we;eï fhda. l%u mqreÿ mqyqKq lrk w;r ta Tjqka fi!LHu;a Ôú;hlg olajk Wkkaÿj fya;=fjks' fhda.( uQ,dY%hg tfl,s lsÍu" rdcH fiajd úldYk Ndrh iy úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYh tlaj iyfhda.fhka ksIamdokh lrk ,o flá jd¾;d Ñ;%mghls" wOHlaIKh rdcd fp!¥ß úisks" mdGlhkag fhda. y÷kajd fohs' fuu Ñ;%mgh fhda. iïNjh .fõIKh lrhs" tys ixj¾Okh iy mqreÿ mqyqKq lsÍï" bkaÈhdfõ ish¨‍u wd.ï w;r tys taldnoaO;djh" ta msgqmi we;s úoHd;aul {dkh iy tys id¾:l f,dal jHdma;sh meyeÈ,s lrhs' fhda. Ôú;hg wjfndaOd;aul tl;=jla jkafka flfiao hkak thska úia;r flf¾' hful=f.a uki iy YÍrh kej; tfl,s lrñka iunr;djhlg m;a lsÍu iy iú{dklNdjfha Wiia wÈhrla w;a lr .ekSu meyeÈ,s lrhs'

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ñks;a;= 27 la mqrd Èfjk fuu Ñ;%mgfhka fhda. úldYkh iy w¾:h ms<sn|j is;a n|k iq¿ .ukla ud¾.fhka Tn f.k hk w;r wod< m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re iemhSug W;aidy lrhs( ieneúkau fhda. hkq l=ulao@ th fld;eklska meñ‚fhao@ th mqreÿ lsÍfuka Tnf.a ukig iy YÍrhg jkq we;af;a l=ulao@ th f,dj mqrd jHdma; jQfha flfiao@ th Tnf.a .eUqre wd;auhg iy iajNdjhg iunr;dj;a f.k tafuys iu;ao@ fuu Ñ;%mgh" kï oerE fhda. wNHdilrejka iu. wka;¾l%shd ud¾.fhka" Y=oaO ,shú,s ms<sn|j wm wjfndaOu;a lrjhs" w¾: ksrEmK iy úúO rdcH;aj iy mrïmrd Tiafia Bg ,enqKq ms<s.ekSu olajhs' YÍrfha fldaI my ;=<g th jdihg meñfKhs" wIaGdx. ^wg jeoEreï ud¾.h& iy N.j;a .S;dfõ i|yka fhda. l%u y;r úia;r lrhs' fhda. hkq wNHdihla ia:dms; lrk fohlg jvd jeä fohla nj Tn úYajdihg meñfKa' Ôjk ud¾.hla f,i y÷kd .ekSula we;s fõ' fhda. md¾Yaúlj wjfndaO lr.;a fohla muKla jk w;r wdik iy fhda.sl bßhõ i|yd iSud ù we;' tf,i mj;soa§" tys m%;s,dN ñka iy úYd, jYfhka úYajdihg ,laj we;s w;r fN!;sl uÜgula f,i ie,ls,a,g n÷ka ù we;'

ksyeçhdjka jd¾;d Ñ;%má ìys lrhs

foayh" is; iy yqiau tald;añl lsÍfï§ fhda. úiska msßkuk ñksh fkdfyk ;rï úYd, m%;s,dN .ek fndfyda mqoa.,hka wjfndaO lr fkd.kS' hfula ish yd;ami foa iu. iïmQ¾K tluq;= lulg meñŒfï§" Ôú; .uk ikaiqka fõ" m%S;su;a fõ" jvd;a iïmQ¾K fõ' fhda. .=re î fla tia bfhka.¾ úiska Okd;aul Ñka;kh iy Okd;aul uki ms<sn|j woyia lrhs' fhda. wdpd¾h iqkdhskd ud;+¾ f.a meyeÈ,s lsÍug wkqj Tn Tnj iy Tnf.a iïnkaO;d md,kh lr .kakd wdldrh ms<sn| mia wdldr úkh f,dalh ñks;a;= 27 la iu.ska woyia Wmojk mqrd Èfjk fuu w;r wOHdmkh ,nd fohs' Ñ;%mgfhka fcHIaG foaYmd,k{ fhda. úldYkh wdpd¾h lrka isxf.a fldgi iy w¾:h úiauhla f,i meñ‚ ms<sn|j is;a w;r úoHdj ms<sn| Tyqf.a n|k iq¿ .ukla hq;=lu ms<sn|j fndfyda ud¾.fhka Tn ck;dj wjOdkh fhduq f.k hhs fkdlf<ahhs i|ykah' Ñ;%mgh yqfolau fhda. j, wdlD;sh" mßph" m%;s,dN iy úoHdj meyeÈ,s lrkq muKla fkdj kuq;a mqrd;k úoHdj wjfndaO lr .ekSu n, .ekaùug bkaÈhdkq wdOHd;añlNdjfha me;slv úhuka lrhs' m%lD;s" mqreIa" wyx" Y%Scdka iy iudk me;slv foajl;d idys;Hh ;=<g ù uykaisù fidhd .ksñka Ñ;%mgfhka b;sydih idïm%odh iu.ska ixiaf,aIKh;a taldnoaO lsÍu;a lrhs' fhda. iQ;%h ms<sn| b;sydih meyeÈ,s lsÍfï§" fhda. l%shd lrkafka ukao hkak meyeÈ,s lsÍug l:kh W;aidy lrhs' msßkeóug fndfyduhla foa ;sìh§" úplaIK wdldrhlska fhda. m%;s,dN .ek l;d lsÍug Ñ;%mg ld,h ñvx.= lrhs'

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ix.S;h

mú;%;djd§ka iy

WfoHda.Sjka;hka

yskaÿia:dks ix.S;fha >rdkd j, oDYH Wreulalrejka g wms l;d lf<uq" Tjqyq iïNdjH ix.S;hg kejqï b,a¨‍ula §ug j¾OkSh iajrhla igyka l< wh fj;s joka | YdIs m%shd

is;d¾ ksmqka mkaä;a ld¾;sla l=ud¾f.a mq;a" w¿;a ikaèjkshla ks,døs l=ud¾" Tyqf.a úÿ,s is;drfha fudaykSh yskaÿia:dks ix.S; >rdkdj, idïm%odfha jrke.Sï ìys lsÍug fmrd;=j" WmlrKhg mú;%;dj ms<sn| tlÕ;djlg meñŒu iqlr uhsfl%dfmdakhla tla lsÍug wr.,hl ksr;j fkdùh' ndOd /ila iu.ska isgdrfha .uk isáfhah' wdmiq 1980 .Kkaj,§" ks,døs is;d¾ igyka fjoa§" bf,laÜfrdksla fmdma iu.ska ks¾udKfha fh§ isáh§" is;drfha iy .sgdrfha jQ idrx.sfha wdor iïnkaO;djh fpdaokd wkkH ixfhdackhla" isgd¾" ;ekSug ;j;a iïNdrhlska hgù .sfhah' idrx.sh - Wia;doa l,a ;sìh§" fï ;;a NdKavhg iíß ldkaf.a uqKqmqre - frdla ñksh fkdyels ;rï úYd, ú,hk jDkaoh iu.ska iqydhs,a idïm%odhsl fodaIdfrdamKhla wdl¾IKh úh' hQiq*a ldkaf.a iyfhda.h" woaú;d >rdkdj, Tyqf.a l=i,;dj m%Yak flreKq f.a ne,au my;g keUqre lf<ah' wxl=rhla f,iska w;r Tyqf.a Yla;sh mßydihg wgjk mrïmrdfõ idrx.s jdol tys wdêm;Hh ,la lrk ,§' —ug Yla;sh ySk fudfrdaodndoa fiakshd >rdkd iy m;=roa§" nj ck;dj mejiQjd" ta yskaohs ug 27 úhe;s ldka mdfmdÉpdrKhlg kfjda;amdokh uf.a is;drhg uhsla tlla ´kE ;,a¨‍ jqKq w;r fndfyduhla fokd iy tieK jqfKa"˜ ks,døs u;lh le|jhs' mejiQfha Tyqf.a idrx.s l=i,;d ksujqï iajNdúl 2015 i¾ldj( mú;%;djd§ka iy wmú;% ù we;s njhs' flfiafj;;a" fõ ksoyia u;OdÍka w;r újdoh thska Tyqf.a wd;auh ;SrKh W;aikak joa§" yskaÿia:dks fkdjqKq w;r tneúka ;dlaI‚l iïNdjH ix.S;fha ksïj<¨‍ mq¿,a joaod .ekSï wkq.ukh lf<ah' ldka mer‚ lrñka ljodg;a jvd tys laIs;sch wE;g we§ idïm%odhsl ;;a fjkqjg jvd;a iqug fif,da .sfhah' ixo¾Ykj,§ ks,døs úYd, rislhka ;;a Ndú;h wdrïN l< w;r Tyqf.a idrx.sh ixLHdjlf.a is;a Èkd .;a w;r Tyqf.a j¾Okh iajr j¾Okh lf<ah' l< rgdj ^tla iajrhlska ;j;a tllg ú;eka ùula& iksgqyka úh' È,sfik r;= isgdrfha ix.S; kdoh ;;a w;r Tyqf.a w;eÕs,s iroa§ is;drfha 20 la wdêm;Hh m;=rejñka" bkaÈhdkq iïNdjH fjkqjg isgdrfha 5 la ;;a úma,jhla lf<ah' ix.S;h" yskÿa ia:dks fõjd l¾Kdgl fõjd" rd.

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iqydhs,a hQiq*a ldka ;u k첫lD; idrx.sh jdokh lrhs

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ks,døs l=ud¾ isgdrh ks¾udKh lf<ah" th is;drfha iy .sgdrfha wkkH ixfhdackhls

fkdì¢k ;ks jdolfhl= fyda WmlrKOdßfhl= l=ud¾ fufia mjiñka Bg tlÕ úh" —isgdrfha iu.ska yqfolau fidaf,da l,djla f,i fYaI Wm;g fya;j = K q q ;j;a m%Odk ldrKhla kï" úh' cq.d,andkaÈ ^ix.S;{hka fofofkl=f.a jdoH Ys,m a k S a iu. iyfhda.S fjñka isák ixfhdackh& ksrka;r iïnkaO;djla fkdùh' úg§" uf.a is;drfha y~ úÿ,s is;drj, yçka lsiu s úiauhlska f;drj j¾ê; hgm;aj hEuhs" úÿ,s .sgdrh iy v%ï úoHq;a y~ jdokh fjoa§ bkaÈhdkq jdokfha§ tfia y~ hgm;aj hkjd'˜ iïNdjH WmlrK y~ nd, lS¾;su;a idfrdaâ jdol Wia;doa úÿ,s idfrdavh" ù .sfhah' bkaÈhdkq iïNdjH wïcdâ w,s ldkaf.a mq;k = "a wudka pqïnl WmlrKj, ;dlaI‚l wod< iy whdka " jvd;a tlÕ fkdjk /ialrkhlska lsÍï úiauhla f,i fmkS fkd. ;;a ; j a hl is á ;s ' wjq r eÿ follg ie§ ;sfí' 100 f s hah' ldkaf.a idrx.sfha y~ iajr miq j " wudka uq ï ndhs ys ks ,a f.ïnd lg jeä ;dk jH;sf¾lhla fkdú‚' wdrïNfha§ ys § iïNdjH ix.S ; Y% d jlhka / kdo lsÍug yels tajd frdla WmlrKj,ska wêl ila w;s Y hs k a jHdl+ , ;;a j hlg m;a jk mßÈ .sgd¾ n,hla ,enQ kuq;a Tyq tys ;;a lf<a h ' ta kj idfrda â j,g f.k ilikhlska fif,da j,ska m%;i s : a dmkh lf<ah' tñks' fuu l¿ idfrdavh" pqïnl / ikakoaO úh ieneúkau" ldkaf.a udud" lu,a ialrkhlska ie§ ;sfí' 100 lg jeä iíß" Tyqf.a idrx.sfha miajk ;dk kdo lsÍug yels jk mßÈ .sgd¾ ;ka;j = fif,dajlska m%;i s : a dmkh l< w;r ilikhlska ikakoaO úh' —jir .Kkdjla hoa§" jvd;a fyd¢ka tla /ia jqKq y~ fyd¢ka ke.S idfrdavh kj rislhka wdl¾IKh lrk f,ig wdfhah' —thska y~ fndfydafihska fjkia jqfKa ilia lsÍug wfma Wmßu Yla;f s hka jev l<d" ke;s kuq;a th j¾Okh l< w;r ;dkh .ekSug th iuyr úg iïNdjH ixo¾Ykhla fkdúh flá fõ,djla muKhs .;jQfha"˜ iíß mjihs' yelsh's ˜ wudka mjihs'

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wudka w,s ldka ^by<& iy Tyqf.a fidhqre whdka úÿ,s idfrdavh ks¾udKh lf<dah

f,dalfha ish,a,u fõÈldjls fjkia l< ;ka;= úÿ,s idfrdavh( pqïNl /ialrkhlska hq;a fuys ;dk 100 lg jeä .Kkla ksmehsh yels .sgd¾ ilikhla wvx.=h' fif,da ;ka;= iu.ska wd idrx.sh( mer‚ ;ka;= fjkqjg lÈu fif,da ;ka;= iajr j¾Okh lrhs' isgdrh( ;ka;= myla iy pqïnl / ialrkhla o iu.ska jk th j¾Okh jQ y~ iy ngysr WmlrK yd lrg lr isà'

idïm%odhsl >rdkdj, wxl=rhla f,iska tys wdêm;Hh m;=roa§" kfjda;amdokh iy tieK ksujqï úiska yskaÿia:dks ix.S;fha ;u wjia:dj fidhd .kq ,eì‚' —ug uf.a ix.S;h j¾. lsÍug wjYH keye" ug wjYH jdokh lsÍug muKhs"˜ l=ud¾ mjihs' Tyq fuu lafIa;%h ;=< ;í,d ksmqka ilS¾ yqfiaka" lS¾;su;a bx.%Sis .sgd¾ jdol fcdaka uelaf,d.ska iy iaùvk fíia .sgd¾ jdol fcdakdia fy,an¾.a fuka jev lr ;sfí' wudka iy whd¾ w,audka ifydaorhka" .sgd¾ jdol fvfrla g%laia" weußldkq ck .S; f,aLl leÍ ksõlu¾ iy .%eñ fkdñfkagâ wjqâ jdol rySï w,aydÊ iu.ska iyfhda. fhka jev lr ;sfí' —wmg wka;¾.;h ¥IKh fkdlr f,dalh mqrd isák ix.S;{hka iu.ska iyfhda.fhka jev l< yelshs" ix.S;h úYaj NdIdjla jk w;r thska iSud udhsï ì| oukjd" ck;dj ióm lrúfï yelshdjla thg ;sfnkjd" Tjqka ldKavj,g j¾. lsÍu fkdl< hq;=hs"˜ wudka mjihs'

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fiahdoiqka

yeïms ys úYsIag

wkq.%dyl kgUqka

fuu hqfkiaflda f,dal Wreu wvúh" mqrd;k úchk.r wêrdcHfha w.kqjr" bkaÈhdfõ ia:dk.; f,dal Wreu wvú kjh w;r isáñka kej; ia:dmkh i|yd whjeh ksfõokfha iydh ,nhs

HAMPI

KARNATAKA

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úrEmdlaI fldaú,

oek isàu jà t ys hdug fyd|u ld,h fkdjeïn¾ - fmnrjdß < Õd jk wdldrh yqí,s .=jka f;dáka lsf,daóg¾ 144 la wE;sks' fydiafmÜ olajd ÿïßfhka hkak" lsf,daóg¾ 12 la wE;sks' m%Odk k.rj, isg ks;sm;d nia fiajd ;sfí' t fukau fïjd;a n,kak yeïms Èínd" ykquka;d fldaú,

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jfï( Ys,duh lr;a;h ú;a;d,d fldaúf,a iy yeïms ys i,l=Kls by<( yidrd rdud fldaúf,a iajdñ l%sIaKdf.a m%;sudjla

fm!rd‚l kIagdjfYaI j,ska i,l=Kq fjñka" .ev,sf.dve,s iys; iajNdúl fi!kao¾hh iy fmdfydi;a wd.ñl b;sydih iu.ska jk wkkH iqixfhda.hls' .sksl÷ úodrKfha iy mdxY= Ldokfha jir ñ,shk .Kkl m%;sM,h fjñka oel=ïl¿ N+oiqkla ;s<sK ù we;' .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amSh fndfyda bÈlsÍï úchk.r wêrdcHfha ^1336-1646& wdNdIh ,nd we;s w;r iuyrla bÈlsÍï" fyaul+G l÷lrfha cdhska fldaú, fuka" fmrdod;u lsÍug iqre idlaIs orhs' yeïms k.rh j¾. lsf,da óg¾ 41'8 l uOH yrhla iys; jk kuq;a iajdrlaIl l,dmh;a iu. th j¾. lsf,daóg¾ 236 la ;rï úysfoa' ;=ka.dNød kÈfha W;=re iy ol=Kq fmfoiaj, Èia;%slal folla iïnkaO lrñka wvúh me;sr mj;S' kIagdjfYaI m%Odk fmfoia follg fn§ we;( yeïms lvùÈh jgd msysá Y=oaO uOHia:dkh iy lu,dmqrï foig jkakg msysá rdclSh uOHia:dkh tajdhs'

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fiahdoiqka

fldaú,a l;d

uqÿfka( ú;a;d,d fldaú, msgqmi kgUqkaj, N+oiqkla by<( l%sIaKd fldaú, wi, ,laIaó krisxy m%;sudj ^uqyqK; msgqj&( úrEmdlaI fldaú,

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úYd, udkhka" u,ska ieris wdNrKlrKh" iúu;a fukau ishqï leghï" m%;dmj;a ia:ïN" úYd, uKavm iy idïm%odhsl is;=jï uydNdr;h iy rdudhKfha oiqka - iu.ska" yeïms fldaú,a iïNdjH mka;shl fldgia f,i ke.S isà' tl tllg thgu wkkH úfYaI;ajhla ;sfí' iuqø Ôùkaf.a wdl¾IŒh Ñ;% u,ahdjka; r>qkd;iajdñ fldaú,a ì;a;s u; Èfihs' fuys we;s úYd,;u fldaú, úrEmdlaIh fjhs" th úYd, jYfhka m%lD;su;a lrkq ,en we;' tys f.damqr kjh ^l=¿Kq& yeïms ys ljr fyda ia:ïNhlg jvd Wig msysghs' ú;a;d,d fldaú," ,laIañ" krisxy iy .fkaI f.a uyd mßudK Ys,d m%;sud ksid fyd¢kau m%lgh' tys úN+;su;a l=¿Kq u; ;Ügq l< úg ix.S; ;dk úfudapkh lrhs' ixlS¾Kfhys msysá is;a n|k ffY,uh lr;a; m%;sudj yeïms ys i,l=Kls'

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fiahdoiqka

jfï iy my<( rdclSh we;a.df,a mqrd;k kgUqka

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yidrd rdud fldaú,a ixlS¾Kh ;=< meyeÈ,s ì;= is;=jï" me;sÍ .sh uOH wx.kh iy WoHdkh iu. fyd¢ka .e,mS ;sfí' rdudhKh ksrEmKh lrk oyilg jeä leghï mka;shla fuys fõ' l%sIaKd fldaú,a ixlS¾Kh uE;l§ leŒïj,g ,la úh' m%;sixialrK jev ;ju;a flÍ f.k hhs' kef.kysr me;a;g jkakg Y=oaO c,dYhla fyda mqIalr‚hla msysgd ;sfí'

.Dyks¾udKfha Wiianj m%dido" c, jHqy" mqrd;k fj<| ùÈ" rdclSh

uKavm" NdKavd.dr f.dvke.s,s iy ;j;a oE fuys fõ' rdclSh wka;¾.;h" j¾. óg¾ 59000 la mqrd me;sr mj;S" Bg iúu;a l< m%dldr" jdy,alv iy l=¿Kq" m%dido" bia;d, iy w,xldr msh.egfm< iys; <s|la we;=,;a fõ' <sx 20 lg jeä .Kkla iy fmdl=Kq iïnkaO flfrk Ys,duh c, ud¾. .Kkdjla olakg we;' i;H jYfhkau" yeïms ys iuia;h jdßud¾. we, cd,hla iu.ska cd,lhla f,i ksuù we;s w;r tajd ;rñka úúO ieufohlau - fldaú,a" m%dido" lDIsld¾ñl bvï'''wdÈh iïnkaO lrhs'

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fiahdoiqka

jfï( fyaul+G lkafoa mqrd;k fYaIùï my<( u,ahdjka; r>qkd;a fldaúf,a isg Èiajk ysre neiSu ol=fKa( l%sIaKd fldaú,

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fïjd wo ojfia;a lDIsld¾ñl lghq;= i|yd Ndú; flf¾' /ðKf.a m%didoh fikdkd ^ldka;d& wka;¾.;h uOHfha msysgd we;s w;r yeïms kIagdjfYaI w;ßka fidhd .;a úYd,;u m%dido moku thhs' we;=,a ìfuys jk fk¿ï uy, wu;l fkdlrkak" th rdclSh ldka;djka i|yd jQ ix.ï fmfoihs' uOHu isria f.da,fha leghï l< fk¿ï

fmdfydÜgqjla fõ' wdrelal= u." i|¿;,h" iy isria f.da, bÈlsÍï wvla újD; fk¿ï fmdfydÜgq iduHhla ;khs' wdikakfha we;a.d,la fõ" th úYd, Ys,duh jHqy fma<shla fõ' NSuf.a lvj;a u. n,iïmkak NSu" uydNdr;fha mia mdkavjhka w;ßka flfkls" f.a kñka mkjk ,o úi,a ukaÈrhls' tys ùrldjHfha oiqka iu. NSu iy Tyqf.a l,;% fø!mÈ ksrEmKh fõ' tys yqrenqyqá ie,iqu lS¾;sh wdl¾IKh lrhs - th wkaO ,laIHhla f,i fmfkk w;r wdl%u‚l yuqodjla fkdu. hjk ie,iqula -wYajdfrdayl" we;dfrdayl fyda mdn< yuqodjla - fkdu. hjk ie,iqulska hqla;h' uydkdjdñ Èínd hkq ;j;a ne,sh hq;=u" nyq uÜgï jHqyhls" rcjreka fmdÿ ck;dj weu;Sug Ndú; lrk ,o ia:dkhls'

wjg n,kak frdao fofla jdykj,ska yeïmsh .fõIKh myiq nj krUkakkag fmkS f.dia we;s fiah' tajd l=,shg .ekSug ;sfí' yeïms lvùÈh fndfyda wdydr i|yd ksjyk jk

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by<( ú;a;d,d fldaúf,a tla ixlS¾Khla ol=fKa( kgUqka w;r wk.s leghï ^uqyqK; msgqj&( fmr midka iqmdß lvùÈh" yidrd rdud fldaúf,a msg; me;a;

w;r bâ,s" iy f;dafia" ;d,s ^t<j¿" jHxck iy mdka tl;=j& fõ,a jeks wdydr fuys§ ,o yelsh' ngysr wdydr j¾.o msßkukq ,efí' wkqiaurK iaj¾KdNrK iy fkdueäla ,dïndks f.da;%slhkaf.a tïfn%dhsvrs jev f.or f.k hkak' ix;Dma; j¾K .ekajQ frÈ lene,s tlaj f.k fIda,aia" miqïì" u¿" idh" iy we| we;sß,s uik w;r l=vd lene,s iy ljä ismams lgq wdl¾IKh i|yd tla lrkq ,efí'

§ma;su;a wkd.;h bkaÈhdkq mqrdúoHd iólaIKfha fnx.dÆre ljh" yeïms yS myiqlï jeäÈhqKq lsÍfuys ksr; fjhs' j¾Okh l< N+oiqka fmdfrdkaÿ fjñka" úYsIag fi!kao¾hd;aul foa" mq¿,a udj;a" msßiqÿ jeisls,s" jhs-*hs iïnkaO;dj iy iSiSàù leurd iu. jeä ixrlaIKhla iy m%;sixialrK W;aidyhka i|yd lghq;= lrhs'

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kfjda;amdokh

mhska iam%S;=j

fu,a, lsÍu

tla;rd bkaÈhdkq rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkhla l÷lrfha .sks.ekSï j,g tla fya;=jla jQ mhska b¢lgqj, M,odhS Ndú;h fidhd.kq ,en we;" ta thska úÿ,sh ksmoùfuks joka | isoaOd¾;a tï fcdaYs

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uf.a <ud ld,fha§" W;a;¾ldkaoa yS l=udfjdaka fï uq¿ jir .Kkdjg" ióm ld¾;= j,ska l÷lrfha ud isá we,afudard ksji >k mhska th /ln,d .ekSu AVANI rdcH fkdjk Ydl jeiaulska jgù ;snq‚' ol=KqÈ. iq<Õ ixúOdkfha iu-iudrïNlhka jk rdÊkSIa yukd ljr wjia:djl jqjo" wmg ÿïu, cdhska iy Tyqf.a ìß| rYañ úiska lrkq ,eîh' iqj| w;aú£ug yels jQ w;r th yqre njla Tjqyq Tjqkaf.a .%dóh iafõÉPd ixúOdkfha oe‚ks' iuyr .sïydk rd;%Sj,§" jkdka;rh úIhh m:h úysÿjd ,Sug ;SrKh l< w;r ljdldr rgdjlg .sks .;s' jir .Kka .;ù —úkdYldÍ n,Yla;sh ikakoaO lsÍu˜ ndr h;au fld< meye;s jeiau wvq ùug mgka .kS' .;ay' W;a;¾ldkaoa ys msf;dard.d¾ Èia;%slalfha tn÷u uE; ld,Sk .ukl§" ug fnßkd.a .ïudkfha mhska b¢lgq tajd iu. ld,h .; lsÍug yels /i fï —W.=,˜ g yiqúh' Odß;d úÿ,sh ksmoùfï ùfuka lïmkhg m;a ùñ' f.dvke.Su iy ;sridr .%dóh ÔjialkaO mhska b¢lgq fyda wm fndfyda ixj¾Okh Odjlh fldg f.k jdhqÔjlh i|yd fofkla okakd mßÈ msre,a fuu úi,a mhska b¢lgq —M,odj˜ fmdaIlh f,i wmjdohg ,laúh hq;= nj wjfndaO Wmfhdackh lsÍfï ;dlaIKh mhska b¢lgq lr .ekSug hï jhila miqùu ixj¾Okh lsÍfï isyskh rdcH Ndú; lsÍu wjYH úh' wêl ;dmckl w.h fkdjk ixúOdkfha me,mÈhï Tmamq l< iy my< >k;ajh fya;=fjka tajd úh' fuu wNs,dIS me;=u —úÿ,sh˜ i;Hhla úh blaukska .sks weúf,k iq¿h' f,iska WÉpdrKh úh' jkdka;r fmd<j u; tajdfha fï fmfofia wh tajd ijq¾ we;sß,a, jeis c,h mig wjfYdaIKh lr .kq W¾cd f,iska y÷kajk w;r tajdfha wêl;r fjkqjg my<g .,d hdug fya;= úh' iQ¾h n,Yla;s jev loïnh ksidfjka .ïudk we;eï .eñfhda wkjYH m÷re bj;a lsÍfï 25 lg úÿ,sh iemhSfï uq,a wÈhr ÿgqfõh' wNs,dIfhka tajd oud .sks ;eîu l< w;r úÿ,sh ksmoùfï msÿre f,iska mhska ;j;a iuyre fkdie,ls,af,ka .sks ;nd uyd b¢lgq Ndú; lsÍfï Tyqf.a Wml,amkh .sks cd,d we;s l<y' ldrKh l=ula jqj;a" is;ays we;sj cdhska úúO ;eka lrd .sh kuq;a tajdhska jkdka;rhg yd mßir moaO;shg úYd, wm%dfhda.slNdjfha i,l=Kq fya;=fjka yeu ;¾ckhla we;s lf<ah' ;ekl§u m%;slafIam úh' —mhska b¢lgq j,

lsf,dafjdÜ 9 jdhqldrlfha jevlrk wjia:djla

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kfjda;amdokh

>k;ajh b;d my<hs" Tjqka ish¨‍ fokd tfia iïnkaO;djla we;s lr .ekSug yelsúh' mejiQjd˜ hkqfjka cdhska woyia m< lrhs' wruqo,a m%Yakh úi|d.kakd ,oafoa ksõfhdala úoHd;aul m¾fhaIK miqìula fkdue;sj" Tyq kqjr welshqfuka wruqo,a j,sks' UPCL iu. ;u W!rejg wkqj w;ayod ne,Sïj, ksr; jQ n,Yla;s ñ,§ .ekSfï .súiqula w;aika w;r wjidkfha§ >k;aj .eg¨‍jg úi÷ula ;eîug o wjia:dj Wodúh' uyd mßudKfhka f,iska mhska b¢lgq l=vd len,sj,g lmd mhska b¢lgq /ialsÍfï wjir m;%hla jk Ndú; lsÍu f;dard .;a w;r th ixj¾Okh fomd¾;fïka;=fjka ,nd .;s' wjidkfha§" lrñka ;dlaIKhla ksuejQ fyhska Tyq ta i|yd msf;dard.d¾ Èia;%slalfha pdprÜ .ïudkfha fmagkaÜ n,m;%hla Èkd .;af;ah' lsf,dafjdÜ 120 l jd‚c fuu id¾:l;ajh;a iu.u" úÿ,sh msßh;la ia:dmkh flre‚' fï fuu.ska msßiqÿ ksmoùfï ÔjialkaO jdhqÔjlh jk úg" tall fooyila muK n,Yla;sh" i|yd fmdaIlh f,i mhska b¢lgq cd,lhg tla lsÍug yels úh' /lshd iy Ndú; lsÍu Tmamq l< i;Hhla úh' fuu.ska msßiqÿ n,Yla;sh" /lshd le,E .sks;eîu kuq;a jev mgka .;a;d mu‚' iy le,E .sks;eîu je<elaùfuka je<elaùfuka AVANI úiska iïmQ¾K l%shdldÍ ffcjúúO;ajh kej; ia:dmkh ffcjúúO;ajh lsf,dafjdÜ 9 l msßh;la ieliqï lsÍu b,lal lrhs' kej; ia:dmkh l< w;r leïmih we;=,; —idudkH mhska b¢lgq tl;= lsÍu b,lal kshduk mÍlaIKhla f,i th lrkafkl=g uilg 25000 la Wmhd lrhs jdisodhl f,i jev lf<ah' .; yels w;r wm lsf,da tllg 1 ksIamdokh lr lsf,dafjdÜ 9 l la f.jkjd' m;kh jk jdrfha§" úÿ,sfhka lsf,dafjdÜ 1'5 la moaO;sh ÿjùu tajdfhka úYd, jYfhka jkdka;r jeiS i|yd Ndú; flfrk w;r b;sß ksIamdÈ;h hkjd' fylaghdr 200 lska uq¿ukskau mdfya mEiaiSu iy Tmoeófï hka;% wdÈh jeks M,odhS fgdka 1200 la muK ,nd .; yelshs"˜ cdhska Ndú;hka i|yd ,o yelsh' bÈß mshjrla ;nñka" meyeÈ,s lrhs' rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkh úiska Avani Bio fuu ;;a;ajh fmfofia /lshd úhqla; Energy Pvt Ltd kñka iud.ula 2012 § msysgejqKq iy ldka;djkag wjia:djla ,nd § ;sfí' w;r úÿ,sh jd‚c jYfhka Wmfhdackh ms‚i cdhska úiska mqyqKq l< fufyhqïj, kshqla; fufyhjñka mj;akd n,Yla;s cd,lh iu.ska iy olaI;d we;s m%dfoaYSh ;dlaIK Ys,amSka mhska b¢lgq ffcjialkaO jdhqldrlj, fmdaIlh f,i Ndú; flf¾

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jfï( lsf,dafjdÜ 120 jdhqldrlh¦ ol=fKa( wÕ=‍re Ndú;fhka wdydr msiSu

lKavdhula o isà' jdhqlrK l%shdj,sh u.ska wvq l¾udka; ixialD;shl jev lsÍug isÿ ùuhs' w;=re M,hlao ksmojkq ,nhs - Wiia .=Kd;aufha ck;dj il%sh f,i iyNd.s ùu wffO¾h wÕ=‍re - l%shdj,sfha fldgila jYfhka oykfhka jk iajNdjhla olakg ,efí' —;reK msßñkag ksmojk M,h wÕ=‍re f,i b;sß fõ' fïjd mhska b¢lgq tl;= lsÍu wjYH fkdfõ' Tjqka .%dóh uq¿;eka f.a i|yd uqÿka .fï isg úYd, k.r fyda mqrjr uÜgfï bkaOkhla fõ" myiqfjkau fj; ixl%uKh fjkjd"˜ cdhska or fjkqjg Ndú; l< yels fõ" meyeÈ,s lrk w;r iñ;s idoñka wÕ=‍re Ndú;h jkdka;r wdrlaId lrhs' th ksrdlrKhg W;aidy lrhs' th ldka;djkag wÕ=‍re Ndú;h ldka;djkag jvd;a .eUqre m%Yakhls' jvd;a fyd| fyd| fi!LH ;;a;ajhla iy;sl AVANI Bio Energy Pvt Ltd úysÿjd fi!LH lrhs" thska ÿï rys; mßirhl ,S u g iy l=vd mßudKfhka bÈßhg ;;a;ajhla wdydr msiSug bv i,id fohs' tajd hdug ie,iqï lrhs' cdhska fufia iy;sl lrhs" fjk;a bkaOkhlg jvd ,dN mjihs " —l=vd tall l<ukdlrKhg thska ÿï rys; jk w;r mhska b¢lgq iemhSfï myiq h s " .ïudkj, .eUqrg hdug mßirhl wdydr uqo,a ys,õjg ,nd .; yels fõ' yels h dfjka hqla;hs' woyia lrkafka msiSug bv m%dfoaYslhka bvï msßkeófuka m% d foa Y S h jHjidhlhka iyNd.s i,id fohs jHjidhg Èß fok w;r ;j;a lrjd .ekSuhs" Tjqkg iemhqï oduh wNsfhda. .Kkdjlao fõ' úYd,;u md,kh lsÍug iy l<ukdlrKhg wNsfhda.h jkafka m%foaYfha ck;dj wvqfjka myiqhs" fufyhqï iy wÕ=‍re fYaIh fyd| l¾udka;lrKhg Ndckh ù ;sîu ksidfjka wjia:djla fõú'˜

idudkH mhska b¢lgq tl;= lrkafkl=g uilg 25000 la Wmhd .; yels w;r wm lsf,da tllg 1 la f.jkjd' m;kh jk jdrfha§" tajdfhka úYd, jYfhka jkdka;r jeiS hkjd' fylaghdr 200 lska uq¿ukskau mdfya fgdka 1200 la muK ,nd .; yelshs"˜ rdÊkSIa cdhska"

AVANI rdcH

fkdjk ixúOdkfha iu-iudrïNl

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Ôjk ;;a;ajh

k.d,Su

,dvdla mßir ixj¾Ok lKavdhu ngysr bka§h ysud, l,dmfha iS;, ldka;dr fmfofiys isisrfha§ Ôjk ;;a;ajh k.d isgqùu i|yd iQ¾h n,Yla;sfhka ikakoaO lrhs

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ld他.s,a k.rh

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kfjda;amdokh

,dvdlays ksjdij, ;dmh ydksùu wju lsÍug ie,iqï iy jdhq iuk ;dlaIK Ndú; flf¾

ksYal%Sh iQ¾h ksjyk" foaY.=Khg ixfõ§ .Dy ;rï fõ' flfiafj;;a" ksYal%Sh iQ¾h ksjyk ks¾udK ixl,amhls" f.dvke.s,s bÈlsÍu i|yd" isisr udij,§ f.da,Sh iQ¾h úlsrK i|yd ÈYdkq.; lsÍu" wdjrK Wmdx. iemhSu" ;SrKd;aul o;a;" ;sria m%dldr u;§ wxYl 90 la ;dmlrKfha§ Ndú; flfrk n,Yla;sh fõ' ;sria m%dldr u;§ /ia lr we;s iQ¾h Yla;sh ixrlaIKh lsÍu i|yd fhda.H f.dvke.s,s ms<sn| úia;rd;aul o;a;" wxYl 20$35$50 iy 90 øjH Ndú; lsÍu" iQ¾h n,Yla;sh Wmfhda.s lr la f,i jk w;r wxYl 90 § jd¾Isl idudkH .ksñka f.dvke.s,s wdf,dalu;a f.da,Sh iQ¾h n,Yla;s iemhqu lsÍu iy isis,a lsÍu jeks úfYaIdx. Èklg j¾. ógrhg fjdÜ meh b,lalh ixia:dmkh lrk w;r uyd 4300 la f,iska jd¾;d fõ' th ;sria jkafka iQ¾h ysud,hdkq jeis wdjrK l,dmfha ;,fha n,Yla;shg jvd Èklg j¾.

Yla;sfhka ;dmh wka;¾ ysud,hdkq fmfoi i|yd ógrhg fjdÜ meh 1230 l wvq ùuls' Wrd .ekSu y÷kajd fok ,oaols' iQ¾h ;dmh flfiafj;;a" ueo isisrfha Wmßu lsÍu;a jeä jYfhka wjfYdaIKh lr udij,§ ^fkdjeïn¾ isg fmnrjdß iQ¾h Yla;sh .ekSu i|yd" f.dvke.s,s we;=,; olajd& o;a; i,lkq ,enQ l<" f.dvke.s,s iQ¾h Yla;sh .nvd lr ;eîu i|yd" wxYl 90 m%dldr u; idudkH iQ¾h ;=< .nvd lr iy iS;, foaY.=K ;;a;ajhka úlsrK ,eîu Èklg j¾. ógrhg .ekSu;a fõ hgf;a jeä jYfhka ;dmh ydksùu fjdÜ meh 5417'5 la fõ' th ;sria je<elaùu i|yd b,lal lrhs' ;,fha ,eîug jvd Èklg j¾. f.da,Sh iQ¾h úlsrK ,eîu w;ska l,dmh ógrhg fjdÜ meh 1735 l jeä ùuls' ta whqßka" fyd¢ka ia:dk.; ù we;s neõ ie,fla' fuys Èk ueo .sïydk udij,§ ^uehs isg wf.daia;= olajd& 250-300 muK j<dl=¿ rys; jk w;r ;sria ;, idudkH úlsrK ,eîu Èklg j¾. ógrhg u; jd¾Isl idudkH f.da,Sh iQ¾h Yla;s iemhqu fjdÜ meh 3090 la jk w;r wdikak jYfhka Èklg j¾. ógrhlg fjdÜ meh 5530-6360 la isisr udij,g jvd ishhg 42 l wvqùuls'

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fuhska fmkS hkafka" ksYal%Sh iQ¾h ksjyk i|yd by< jdßl úp,khla jdisodhl jk w;r ta isisr ld,fha§ Wmßu Yla;sh imhk neúks' .sïydkfha§" ksÍlaIs; my< úlsrK wêl;r ;dmh j<lajd,Sug WmldÍ jk w;r ta ì;a;s iy jyf,a jdhqiukh ksidh' ksYal%Sh iQ¾h ksjyk i|yd i;H f.da,Sh úlsrKh" ksYaÑ; wvúhl§" ksjfika ksjig ie,lsh hq;= ;rñka fjkia fõ' l=vd k.rj,§" by< ksjdi >k;ajh iy m%;sM,odhl f,i f.dvke.s,s wdjrKh ,o yels iQ¾h Yla;sh fk,d .ekSfï§ ;j;a .eg¨‍jla úh yelsh' ;jo" l÷lr fmfofia ksjdi úisr mej;Su iy ol=Kq nEjqfï bÈlr ;sîu o óg n,mdkq we;' ñksh fkdyels ;rï úYd, iQ¾h n,Yla;s NjH;djla ;sfnoa§" iy isrj mj;soa§" ysu ñfok foaY.=‚l ;;a;ajhka hgf;a udi yhla y;la mj;sk ,dvdla j,§" fuu úmq," úYajdiodhS" w;alr .; yels" ksula fkdjk iajNdúl iïm; wjldY ;dmlrKh iy wfkl=;a ffoksl lghq;= i|yd ke;sju neß wx.hla fõ' ,dvdla mßir ixj¾Ok lKavdhu" rdcH fkdjk ixúOdkh" iQ¾h n,Yla;sh fk,d .ekSfuys §¾> ld,Skj fh§ isák w;r iajNdúl jdisodhlhka /ila ueo miqfjhs' ksYal%Sh iQ¾h ksjyk .Dy ks¾udKh wjldY ;dmlrK b,lal i|yd oj,a ojfia iQ¾h n,Yla;sh tla/ia lsÍfuys fh§ isà'

uqvq" i;aldrl fkdjk N+foaY.=‚l ;;a;ajhka m%udKj;a fkdjk Ôj.yK ;dmhla imhk w;r úúO WIaK;ajhka hgf;a l%shdlrhs' wjldY ;dmlrKh isisr udij,§ wksjd¾h w;ay< fkdyels wx.hla jk w;r tkhskau Èú /l f.k ;sfí' n,Yla;sh myiqfjka ydks úh yelshdj oßø;djg tfrys idOlhla f,i mq¿,aj i,ld nef,a' fuys nyq;rhla ck;dj úYajdiodhS uQ,sl n,Yla;s myiqlï i|yd m%fõYhla fkdue;sj miqjk w;r Ôjñ;sl jYfhka ,o yels n,Yla;s uQ,dY%hka u; fndfydafihska hefma' or bkaOk ysÕh iy ñ,dêl wdkhksl bkaOk n,Yla;sh myiqfjka ydksúh yelshdj úiska wjia:djka ks¾udKh lr ;sfí' ,dvdla ksjdi ÿ¾j, ;dmhlska ld¾hlaIu lsÍug W;aidy lrk tajd fõ' tys ldur WIaK;ajh fi,aishia 10 uÜgfï mj;S' idïm%odhsl pq,a,dya ^Wÿka& .j wm;h u.ska bkaOk ,nd .kakd w;r or iy m÷re Bg w;sf¾lj fhdod .kS' ta yer N+ñf;,a iy øj fmÜfrda,shï .Eia ;dmlrK moaO;s Ndú; lrk w;r hemSfï yelshdj" ,nd .ekSfï yelshdj iy ,o yelshdj w;ska my< uÜgul mj;S' ÿ¾,N iajNdúl iïm;a úYd, jYfhka Ndú;h ms<shï l< fkdyels mdßißl m%Yak we;s lrùug fya;= fõ' jdhq ¥IKh ;j;a jHikhls' ,dvdla mßir ixj¾Ok lKavdhu

;dlaIKh oek .kak f;%dïfí ì;a;sh fyda iQ¾h ì;a;sh( ol=Kg ÈYd.; oaú;aj È,sfik cfka, rduqj" Èjd ld,fha§ Wmßu ;dm wjfYdaIKh i|yd" l¿ meye .ekajQ fldkal%SÜ ì;a;sh ^wä 8 wÕ,a 1hs& bÈßmiska ^jdhqiukh l< ì;a;s" jy< iy f.ìu&' ;dmh fiñka ldurh ;=<g .,d tk w;r rd;%Sfha§ uqodyef¾' ùÿrej iy ì;a;sh w;r jdloïnh r;ajk w;r ldurh we;=,; lrleùug mgka .kS' ì;a;sfha m;=f,a iy uqÿfka isÿre ia:dk.; lr ;sfí' Rcq wjfYdaIKh( ol=Kg ÈYd.; oaú;aj ùÿre cfka," jdhqiuk ì;a;s" jy< iy f.ìu' ksjfia msysá øjH u.ska iQ¾hdf,dalh wjfYdaIKh flfrk w;r ksji WKqiqï fõ" ;dmh .nvd lrhs" iy th miqj kej; úlsrKh flf¾" tneúka wjldYh WKqiqï flf¾'

ksjdi 500 lg jeä .Kkla ,dvdla mßir ixj¾Ok lKavdhfï iydh ,nd we;

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,dvdla mßir ixj¾Ok lKavdhu uq¿;ekaf.a Wÿka jeäÈhqKq lsÍug W;aidy lrkafka" ÿ¾,N iajNdúl iïm;a Ndú;h wju lsÍfï wÈgksks

iQ¾h n,Yla;sh Ndú; lsÍu Èß .ekaùug W;aidy la ,dvdla mßir ixj¾Ok lKavdhfï ;dlaI‚l lr we;" tfuka foaYSh iïm;a Ndú; jdhqiuk iydh iy bÈlsÍï øjH ,nd wka;¾cd;sl rdcH ;dlaIKh" jeäÈhqKq l< uq¿;ekaf.a Wÿka" iy fkdjk ixúOdk" mqk¾ckkSh n,Yla;s mdßißl .Dy ks¾udK Ys,am l%u o tu W;aidyhg wh;a fõ' iy >k;aj lKavdhu iy ,kafoais lKavdhfïo" f;%dïfí moaO;s ;dlaIKh ksYal%Sh iQ¾h Yla;sh wka;¾ foajia:dk ixj¾Ok iydfhda.s;dj Wrd .ekSug iy ;dm wm;h wju lsÍug úúO ixúOdkfhao iydh we;sj f.dv kxjk ,§' ie,iqï iy jdhqiuk ;dlaIK l%u uQ,O¾u i|yd úiauhckl mdßißl" iudÔh" uQ,Huh" ixj¾Okh lr ;sfí' fi!LHuh" iy iqj;d n,mEï iu.ska" iQ¾h 1984 §" ,dvdla mßir ixj¾Ok ksYal%Sh .Dyks¾udK Ys,amh lKavdhu ksYal%Sh iQ¾h moaO;s 75 ckm%sh;dj Èkd .ksñka isák w;r f,ya iy la ia:dmkh l< w;r" th meyeÈ,s ta ,dvdla yS ÿria;ru .ïudkj,h' ld¾.s,a lsÍï wÈhrla f,i ,dvdla jHdmD;sh ,dvdla mßir ixj¾Ok lKavdhu Èia;%Slalj, iu.ska taldnoaOj Èh;a flß‚' wLKavju ish¨‍u yjq,alrejka mjq,a 508 lg oYl follg miqj" ksYal%Sh iQ¾h Bg yqre lrùfï fh§ isà' fuu jeä .Kkla .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh wiudk whqßka ;dlaIKh iy tys §¾> ld,Sk ,dvdla mßir j¾Okhla w;a lr .;s - rdcH n,mEï iunr j¾Okhla iy f.da,Sh ixj¾Ok fkdjk ixúOdk" hqoyuqodj" iy fi!LHh .ek jeä jYfhka is;a lKavdhfï m<d;a md,k wdh;k úiska fuu fhduhs' uQ,drïNl fy,sorõ .eUqßka iydh ,eîh ;dlaIKh w;a lr .kq ,eì‚' wëlaIKh lsÍfï §" or bkaOk 2003 isg 2014 olajd" bkaÿNdú; lrk mjq,aj,ska ishhg 65 lu lefkaähka mdßißl myiqlï hgf;a iydh we;sj" Ndú;h ie,lsh hq;= wkaoñka wvq úh' th wdikak f,ya Èia;%slalfha Oq¾nqla fldgfia pdka;ka.a jYfhka" Ôj bkaOk fgdka folls' ÿ¾,N jk ÿria: .ïudkfha ksjdi 116 la f;%dïfí iu.ska YdL m÷re uq,skqÿrd oeóu wju lrkq ,en we;' f.dvkexjqKq w;r Rcq ;dlaIK w;alr .ekSula mqk¾ckk l%shdj,sh isÿùu i|yd bv yßñka iy olakg ,eì‚' tla ksjilg ldur folla ne.ska ldka;drlrKhg tfrysj ie,lsh hq;= muKla W;afYa‚.; lrk ,§¦ tlla f;%dïfí iu.ska iqrlsñka mdxY= idrh jeä fmdfydi;a lrñka iy iy ;j;a tlla Rcq n,Yla;s w;a lr .ekSu wd¾ø;d r|jd .ekSfï Odß;dj jeäÈhqKq lrñka iu.sks' f,ya iy ld¾.s,a Èia;%slalj, mjq,a 508 mdxY= úhukla iy;sl lr ;sfí'

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§ma;su;a wkd.;hla újr

lrk oajdrh

nx.a,dfoaYh iu.ska ;%smqrh fj<| ne£ï we;s lr .ekSu ñ;%YS,S wi,ajeis iïnkaO;d ;Sj% lr .ekSfï W;aidyfha fldgila fõ' fuu.ska b;sß BidkÈ. l,dm bkaÈhdkq wd¾Ólhg taldnoaO lsÍug WmldÍ jk w;r .s‚fldk È. wdishdfõ fj<|du újD; lsÍug ud¾.hla imhhs

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idudkHfhka" foaYmd,k ksoyi wd¾Ól nx.a,dfoaYfhka ;=ka me;a;lska jgj ieÿKq wjia:d jvd;a hym;a lrhs' flfiafj;;a" w;r —lsls<shf.a fn,a,˜ yevhg msysá wfkla uE;§ iajdëk;dj ,enQ l,dm Tjqka úiskau miska bkaÈhdkq uyd N+ñh iu." jvd;a ksjerÈj krl w;aolsk wjia:d j,g WodyrK ;sfí' wfkla m%dka; iu. noaOj msysàï ,eîh' 1947 § bkaÈhdfõ BidkÈ.g isÿjQfha;a fuhhs' wfkl=;a BidkÈ. fldgia ta yd ;=kS N+úoHd;aul rg ì%;dkH md,kfhka ksoyi iïnkaO;djla ,eîh' ,enQ w;r —ksoyia Ôú;hla˜ fuu fjkialï fya;=fjka .; lsÍug bkaÈhdfõ m%:u wd¾Óluh n,mEï whym;a w;g fj<|m, wkqj w.%dud;Hjrhd hgf;a md,kh yeß‚' kj úêl%u u.ska mer‚ NjH úm¾hdildÍ ia:dms; lrk wjÈfha fn§ula jHdmdr rgd j,g ndOd meñfKkq oaùmd¾Yaúl fj<|dula isÿ jQ w;r kef.kysr olsk w;r wdikakfhau l,dmfha oelsh yels jk w;r mdlsia:dkh ^1971 § ksoyi ,enQ jd‚c mßir moaO;sh úkdY foaYiSud ck.yKfha w;r kùk nx.a,dfoaYh ìysúh& ù .sfhah' Ôjk ;;a;ajh rgj,a f,iska tla rd;%Shl§ —m%Odk BidkÈ.ska ud¾. ne£ï" foflau l%ñlj kuq;a N+ñh˜ w;yer kj cd;shla ìys kef.kysr mdlsia:dkh yryd fiñka jeäÈhqKq lrñka lemS .sfhah' jeà ;snqKq w;r" nrm;, úh¦ fjñka ;sfí wd§ ;%smqß rdcOdksh —wuq weiEï ÿïßh fldgi bka§h .kqfokqjl˜ f.dÿr njg m;aúh' ÿïßh fiajh úiska lmd mqrdK rdcOdksfha fldgila 1947 § Rcqju bj;alrk ,§¦ fnx.d,fha yK l¾udka;fha ì%;dkH md,kfha ;sìh§ nx.a,dfoaYh ìys l< m%d.aOkh bj;a lr.kq ,e삦 iy Ñ;f.dka w;r tys b;sß fldgi 1949 § bka§h ix.uhg jrdh wysñ ùu bkaÈhdkq f;a iy oej l¾udka; ne÷‚' tneúka ;%smqr" wo wms y÷kajk whqßka" l,algd ^j¾;udk fld,algd& jrdh olajd

2015 ckjd¾ 13 jk Èk foaYiSud ydÜ iudrïN lrñka jd‚c yd l¾udka; rdcH wud;H ^ksoyia whlsÍï& ks¾u,d iS;drduka uy;añh iy nx.a,dfoaY jd‚c wud;H fgd*dhs,a wyauâ uy;d

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uqÿfka isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg( foaYiSud ydÜ ys fj<|du¦ ydÜ i|yd kï lrk ,o wjldYh¦ bkaÿ-nx.a,dfoaY foaYiSudfõ w.r;d,d mÍlaIK ia:dkh

jl%dldr ud¾.hla .ekSug ie,eiaùh' fn§fï§ we;s jQ ndOdjkaf.a mßudKh hful=g jeo.;alu wkqj w.h lsÍug bkaÿ-nx.a,dfoaYa foaYiSud WKqiqu wkqj ;%smqrh ilia lrk ,o nj f;areï hkjd mu‚' fj<|m, wkqj NjH úm¾hdildÍ oaùmd¾Yaúl fj<|dula oelsh yels jk w;r foaYiSud ck.yKfha Ôjk ;;a;ajh rgj,a foflau l%ñlj kuq;a fiñka jeäÈhqKq fjñka ;sfí' jd‚c yd l¾udka; lghq;= rdcH wud;H ks¾u,d iS;drduka uy;añh iy nx.a,dfoaY jd‚c lghq;= wud;H fgd*dhs,a wyuâ uy;d iu. ckjdß 13 fjks Èk iudrïN lrk ,o mßÈ" bkaÈhdkq md¾Yajfhka fuu fj<| m, ol=Kq È. ;%smqr Èia;%slalfha msysgqï ,nk w;r nx.a,dfoaY md¾Yajfhka f*ks Èia;%slalfha ia:dk .; fjhs' th i;shlg tla j;djla újD; jk w;r lsf,daóg¾ 5 l wrfha isák rgj,a foflau ck;djg m%dfoaYShj ksmehqKq NdKav iy wiajekak fj<|dï l< yelsh' úfYaI;ajh jkafka - rgj,a foflau uqo,a j¾. ms<s.kakd w;r m%dfoaYSh nÿ j¾. lsisjla wod< fkdùuhs' kï lrk ,o whs;u 16 lg fuu kshuh n, mj;ajk w;r

Bg wiajekak" l=¿nvq" laIqø jk ksIamdok ^oej yer&" ud¿" lsß ksIamdok" iy l=l=¿uia ksIamdok iy kjd;eka l¾udka; whs;u fuu iyk ,nhs' ;%smqr wdY%s;j ;j;a foaYiSud ydÜ y;rla ie,iqï lr ;sfí - tlla ismdydcd,d Èia;%slalfhah" folla Od,dhs j, iy y;rjekak W;=re ;%smqrfhah' ;%smqrh wka; ,laIHhla ú,ig iQodkï lsÍfï iyisoaê lsisjla ke;' l,dmh ft;sydisl tla wd¾Ól l,dmhla jk w;r fn§hdug fmr mej;s fj<|du Bg .e,fmk nj;a ikaksfõok ine¢hdjka kej; ia:dmkh l< hq;= nj;a l,dmfha iïmQ¾K foda,kh bka ie,ish hq;= nj;a wjfndaO ù ;sfí' foaYmd,k ia:dhS;dj ^bkaÈhdfõ iy nx.a,dfoaYfha& iy há;, myiqlï ixj¾Okh ^wldjqrdya - wd.¾;d,d ÿïßh iïnkaOh jeks& wfkl=;a iQpl idOl jkq we;' fuu idOl tfl,s lrkakg yels jqjfyd;a" ;%smqrnx.a,dfoaYa ne£ï Yla;su;a jkq we;' laI‚lj mßudK l< iïmQ¾K jHdmD;sh BidkÈ.g wfmalaIs; iykh f,k tkjd ksielh' fï whqßka" ol=Kq È. wdishdj flf¾ bkaÈhdfõ fodrgqj wfmalaId l< mßÈ újD; jk w;r 2020 BidkÈ. oelau ie,iqu l%shdjg kefjkq we;'

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m<uq foaYSh frdgdjhsria

uqL tkak;

bkaÈhdkq ksIamdokhla jk" frdgdjela u.ska foaYfha iy f,dalfha wfkl=;a fldgiaj, <ore urK ie,lsh hq;= ;rulska wvq lsÍug WmldÍ jkq we;ehs wfmalaId lrkq ,efí

fuu W;aidyh bkaÈhdfõ Wiia ;dlaIK m¾fhaIK i|yd jk yelshdjka ms<sn| WodyrKhla f,i ie,ls,a,g n÷ka fõ

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frdgdjela Èh;a lsÍfï W;aijfha§ bkaÈhdkq w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä ue;s;=ud

orejka w;r jvd;a fmdÿ nrm;, mdpk fuh jk w;r j¾;udk ñ,g th ,dNodhSu ;;a;ajhg foaYSh úi÷ula frdgdjela uqL tkak; tl fõ' úfoaY iud.ï úiska frdgdjhsria uqL u.ska iemfhk w;r ud¾;=fõ§ w.%dud;H kf¾kaø tkak; j¾;udkfha remsh,a 1100 l ud;%djl fudaä ue;s;=udf.a w;ska Èh;a úh' yhsødndoa kqjr ñ,g úl=Kkq ,nk w;r Ndr;a nfhdafgla mokï jQ Ndr;a nfhdafgla bkaÈhd ,sñgâ u.ska fmrieß lrkafka tlla remsh,a 63 lg úl=Kkq ixj¾Okh lrk ,o frdgdjela u.ska frdgdjhsria ,eìh yels jk mßoafoks' ta bkaÈhdkq rch iy mdpkh u.ska bkaÈhdfõ iy ;j;a my< wdodhï ,nk rgj,a f,dalfha wfkl=;a fldgiaj, folla fjkqfjks' ud;%djlg isÿjk <ore urK ie,lsh hq;= bkaÈhdj úYd, mßudKfha remsh,a 63 wkaoñka wvq lsÍug wfmalaId lrkq iy úúO;ajh w;ska úYd, f,i l ñ,lg ,efí' f,dal uÜgfï§ udrdka;sl ,laIK ork nj w.%dud;Hjrhd frdgdjela frdgdjhsrih urK 450000 la i|yd i|yka l< w;r iudc-wd¾Ól wf,ú lsÍug j. lshk w;r bkaÈhdfõ§ jd¾Islj wNsfhda. .Kkdjlg uqyqK §fï Ndr;a nfhdafgla urK 110000 la Bg wh;a fõ' thska ie,iqulska hqla; fõ' bkaÈhdj fhdackd lrk 80000 la orejka fõ' ;=< uqL tkak; ixj¾Okh lsÍu w;r th Ôj;dlaIK fomd¾;fïka;=fõ" Wiia uÜgfï m¾fhaIK" ixj¾Ok f.da,Sh jYfhka Ndr;a nfhdafgla iy bkaÈhdkq iy iy ksIamdok l%shdldrlï" yqfolau ,dNodhSu wka;¾cd;sl ixúOdk lsysmhl ffjoH úoHd;aulj muKla fkdj frdgdjhsria uqL yjq,aldß;ajh we;sj m%;sM,h jqKq wfkl=;a Wiia úoHd yd ;dlaIK tkak; fõ fuh m<uq foaYShj ixj¾ê; iy wxY j,skao lrkq ,en we;ehs Tyq ksIamdÈ; uqL tkak; jk w;r th wfmalaId lf<ah' jir 25 l m¾fhaIKj, m%;sM,hls' Ndr;a nfhdafgla f.da,Sh ;dlaIK uqL tkak; ixj¾Okh iy ksIamdokh fmagkaÜ n,m;% y;rla i;= lr f.k isák lsÍfï§ Ndr;a nfhdafgla bkaÈhd ,sñgâ uqiq w;r frdgdjela i|yd rgj,a 20 l n,m;% i|yd jqKq w;r 1997-1998 bkaÈhd-tlai;a ckmo uqL ysñlï lshhs' tkak;a l%shdldÍ jev igyk iy iïu; rdcH yhsødndoays fcfkdafï ksïkfha Tjqkaf.a mßmdá u.ska f;dard .kq ,eì‚' frdgdjhsrihg myiqlï jirlg ñ,shk 300 l ud;%d ksmoùfï tfrysj f,dalfha my, jqKq ;=kajk uqL tkak; Odß;dj iys;j ia:dmkh lr ;sfí'

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uyd iÔùlrKfha

ire jljdkqj

bkaÈhdkq iÔùlrKh wkkH j¾Ok wÈhrla w;aolsñka isà" th ish;a whs;sjdislï iys; l¾udka;hla f,ig ia:djr úldYkhl ksïysï olsñka ;sfí' fuu fjki wo ojfia iÔùlD; iqmsß ùrhka fõ( fpdagd NSï" ykqudka" ,sÜ,a l%sIaKd''' joka | ksêf,aLd idYs

bkaÈhdkq iÔùlrK pß; m%Odk jYfhka wrf.k we;af;a foajl;d idys;Hfhks

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m%:u ;%sudk p,k .%yK úfYaIdx. Ñ;%mgh jQ fldpdvdhshdka fj;ska .;a ksYap, PdhdrEmhla

1941 §" bkaÈhdkq iskudfõ mshd jk ododiySí úYd, bx.%Sis l;d lrk ld¾h n,ldh" Md,afla úiska m%:u kej;=ï-p,k iÔùlrK my< ksIamdok msßjeh" iy kuH ixj¾Ok Ñ;%mgh ks¾udKh lsÍfï isg fpdagd NSï" WmlrK" foaYSh fj<|mf,a my< b,a¨‍u 2008 § .%Ska f.da,aâ weksfïIka ixia:dms;h iu. hq.,kh fjñka uqïndhs" fpkakdhs" u.ska Èh;a flreKq iÔùlD; m%yik fnx.dÆre" yhsødndoa iy ;%sfõkaøï ke.au úl%u rEmjdyskS m%didx.h olajd" bkaÈhdkq fufyhjqfKa foaYfha m%Odk iÔùlrK iÔùlrKh miq.sh oYl y; ;=<§ §¾> l%shdldÍ uOHia:dk jYfhks' udj;l ixpdrh lr we;' ,hs*a T*a mdhs iy fm%dñ;shia jeks f.da,Sh *s,aïia äúIka T*a bkaähd u.ska 1974 jYfhka kula oerE Ñ;%mg i|yd bkaÈhdkq § ksmojk ,o tala ´¾ wdfkla tlagd kï iÔùlrK Ys,amSka odhl;ajh olajd we;' bï i,l=Kq l< iÔùlrK uE; j¾Ij,§" ish;a ksIamdok Ñ;%mgh jeks iÔùlrKfha lrkq ms‚i" bkaÈhdkq iÔùlrK bkaÈhdkq w;S; W;aidyhka iy bkaÈhdkq Ys,amSyq ;dlaI‚l —lrk iÔùlrK iÔùlrKhg Yla;su;a mgka wdldrh˜ iy ks¾udKd;aul Ys,amSka fjda,aÜ .ekaula ia:dms; lrñka >dhdí yelshdj ixfhda. lrñka isá;s' äiaks jeks whd jeks id¾:l iÔùlD; ykqudka" 2005 § ksIamdÈ; f.da,Sh fhdaOhka rEmjdyskS ud,d kdgl ìysjqKq m%:u ckm%sh oaùudk iÔùlD; flf¾ ie,lsh kuq;a úfoaY ksIamdok lïy,a bkaÈhdkq Ñ;%mgh" uqodyeÍu hq;= odhl;ajhla u.ska ks¾udKh lrk ,o m%dfoaYShlrKh l< wka;¾.;h oelaùh ;dlaI‚l l=i,;d i|yd iys; ks¾udKlrKfha wdrïNh jQ úYd, b,a¨‍u bkaÈhdkq i,l=Kq lrkq ,eîh' tu Ñ;%mgh iÔùlrK l¾udka;fha u,a M, iSud lr ykqudka jgd N%uKh fõ" Tyq rdudhKfha ùr oukq ,eîh' pß;j,ska tlls' jir .Kkdj;a ;siafia" bkaÈhdkq fnd,sjqvh ish m%:u jd‚c iÔùlD; iÔùlrK Ys,amSka iÔùlD; pß; ks¾udKh Ñ;%mgh ks¾udKh lsÍug 2008 § h;ak lrñka iy fjda,aÜ äiaks" fjda¾k¾ oeÍh" ta frdaâihsâ frdañfhda kñks' hdYa ifydaorfhda" fidaks" mslai¾ iy v%Sïj¾laia rdÊ úiska ksIamdok lrk ,o" äiaks bkaähd jeks f.da,Sh fhdaOhka i|yd úfYaI rEmK úiska fnodyßk ,o Ñ;%mgh bkaÈhdkq imhñka ie,lsh hq;= odhl;ajhla oelaùh' iÔùlrKfha ysñldr wka;¾.;hla i|yd

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,sÜ,a l%sIaKd úiañ; id¾:l;ajhla Wmhd .;s¦ my<( frdaâihsâ frdañfhda m%:u jd‚c fnd,sjqâ iÔùlrK Ñ;%mgh úh

jQ mqxÑ mshjrla úh' lsÍÜ Lqrdkdf.a gQkamQ¾ ld iqm¾ySfrda ^2010&" iÔù l%shdkaú; iy ;%sudk iÔùlrKh taldnoaO l< m%:u bkaÈhdkq Ñ;%mgh" wfÊ foaõ.ka iy ldc,a rÕmE w;r uOHu ;rfï id¾:l;ajhla ckkh l<dh' w¾cqka( o fjdßh¾ m%skaia" wd¾kí pjq¥ßf.a wOHlaIKfhka hq;a iÔùlrK Ñ;%mghls" th hQàù fudaIka mslap¾ia iy fjda,aÜ äiaks mslap¾ia u.ska ksIamdokh l< w;r bkaÈhdfõ iy tlai;a ckmofha tlajr uqodyeß‚" tys wka;¾.;h iy ksIamdokh fjkqfjka lS¾;sh ysñúh' 2014 j¾Ih m%:u ;%sudk p,k .%yK úfYaIdx.sl Ñ;%mgh" fldpdvdhshdka iu. pd¾ idysíidfoa iy uhsá rdcq( ßfhda flda,sx uqodyeÍu Èàh' mqxÑ ;srh u;" l%sIaKd" .fkaI" iy fpdagd NSï jeks foaYSh pß; fiñka fgdï wekaâ fcÍ" fmdfmafha" iy fvdf¾uka g jvd fY%aKsfhka by< .sfhah' tia fla wYSYa" ì.a weksfïIka bkaähd m%hsfjÜ ,sñgâ ys m%Odk úOdhl ks,OdÍ" ,sÜ,a l%sIaKd ksmehQ ksujqïlre" foajl;d

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idys;Hh wdrïN lsÍug fyd| ;ekla nj meyeÈ,s lrhs" udOH jd¾;djlska Wmqgd olajk mßÈ" —ikakduhla f,ig Tn pß;hla yok yeu wjia:djl§u" yok ;ru fuka fo.=Khla fyda ;=ka .=Khla pß; Tn úiska w;ayod n,kakg fjkjd"˜ tneúka wjodkï wju lr .; yelshs" —oekgu;a mj;sk ish¨‍u l;d iy ikakdu lrd Tn hkak'˜ 2009 uehs j,§ ksflaf,daäfhdaka kd,sldfõ m%:u j;djg úldYkh fjoa§" ud,d kdglh" bkaÈhdkq foaj;ajh" l%sIaKdf.a <ud ld,h ms<sn| wdl¾IŒh isoaê u; mokï ù ;sì‚' ,sÜ,a l%sIaKdf.a ckm%sh;dj blaujd .sfha fpdagd NSï u.sks' 2008 § Èh;a flreKq" rÔõ Ñ,dld úiska l< iÔùlD; m%yik úl%u rEmjdyskS ud,d Ñ;%mghls" rÔõ .%Ska f.da,aâ weksfïIka ixia:dms;fha m%Odk úOdhl ks,Odßhdh' bkaÈhdkq ùrldjHhla jk uydNdr;fha pß;hla jk NSï u; wdrïNh iksgqyka jk kuq;a Ñ,dld ;yjqre lrkafka fpdagd NSï foajl;d idys;Hhg iSudù fkdmj;skq we;s njhs' —ug orejka fjkqfjka

ANIMATION INDUSTRY FUTURE REVENUE PROJECTIONS 12.0

Compound Annual Growth Rate: 7.1%

10.0

INR Billion

8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 2013

2014P

2015P

2016P

Animation Production

Animation Services

2017P P

2018P Projected figures

Source: FICCI-KPMG Indian Media and Entertainment Industry Report 2014 iÔùlD; yskaÈ Ñ;%mghla jQ pd¾ iySíidfoa fj;ska jk ksYap, PdhdrEmhla

pß;hla ks¾udKh lsÍug wjYH jqKd" th wkkH idOdrKj wfmau pß;hla úh hq;= jqKd"˜ Tyq iïuqL idlÉPdjl§ mejiSh' myiqfjkau m%:u id¾:l bkaÈhdkq iÔùlD; rEmjdyskS ud,d l:dx.h" fpdagd NSï bkaÈhdj mqrd ie,ls,a,g n÷ka úh" orejkaf.a we÷ï" mdie,a ksIamdok iy úys¿j,§ mjd th tfia úh' tlai;a rdcOdksh" b;d,sh" c¾uksh" fmda,ka;h" m%xYh" kjiS,ka;h" iamd[a[h iy n%iS,h iu. j¾I .Kkdjla mqrd iu ksIamdok .súiqï w;aika lsÍu bkaÈhdj úiska lrk ,ÿj fuhg tla ù ;sfí' ta u.ska iyfhda.s;dj Èßu;a lr ,o w;r m%d.=KHh" l=i,;dj iy ;dlaIKh ixÑ;.; lrk ,§' weksf*iaÜ bkaähd" úYd,;u jd¾Isl iÔùlrK W;aijh ^2005 § bkaÈhdkq Wmuydoaùmfha wdrïN lrk ,§ - uqïndhs mokï jQ ,dN wruqKq lr fkd.;a ixúOdkhla jk weksfïIka fidihsá T*a bkaähd úisks& jeks fõÈldj,g oeka iÔùlrK Ys,amSkag iyNd.s úh yelsh' tlaj jev lsÍug;a ks¾udKd;aul woyia iy lrk wdldrh ms<sn| ;dlaIKh yqjudre lr .ekSug;a th újD;h' ;j;a ckm%sh fõÈldjla jkafka Üfjkaá f*da t*amStia weksfïIka wfjda¾âiah' 2003 § udhd welvñ T*a weâjdkaiaâ isfkueálaia úiska wdrïN lrk ,§" ;%sudk iÔùlrKh" ùT*atlaia" Ñ;%mglrKh" .%e*slaia ie,iqïlrKh iy l%Svd wOHdmkh imhk iÔùlrK wdh;khls'

m%dfoaYShlrKh l< iÔùlrK wka;¾.;h i|yd úYd, b,a¨‍u;a mj;S' udhd äðg,a iagqäfhdaia ys l<ukdldr wOHlaI" fla;ka fï;d mjik mßÈ iy t*awhsiSiSwhs-flamStïÔ bkaähka óähd iy úfkdaodiajdo l¾udka; jd¾;dj 2014 mßÈ" —wka;¾cd;sl rEmjdyskS

fpdagd NSï" m%lg rEmjdyskS ud,d kdglh

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kd,sld" oeka bkaÈhdkq fj<|m, ms<sn| iqnjd§ f,i n,kjd" ish rislhka lrd <Õd ùug foaYSh wka;¾.;h i|yd b,a¨‍ula mj;sk nj wjfndaO lr ;sfnkjd" ;jo foaYSh wka;¾.;h i|yd jk b,a¨‍u fõ.fhka j¾Okh jk w;r ta yd ine¢ wka;¾cd;sl jev igykaj,go b,a¨‍u tmßÈuhs'˜ fldpdvdhshdka" pd¾ iySíidfoa" ykqudka" ,sÜ,a l%sIaKd" iy fpdagd NSï jeks foaYSh iÔùlrK ksIamdok j, id¾:l;ajh fuu bms¨‍fï o¾Ylfhda fj;s' 2014 t*awhsiSiSwhs-flamStïÔ jd¾;dj bkaÈhdkq iÔùlrKh" oDYH m%fhda." iy mYapd;a ksIamdok l¾udka;h w.h lr ;sfí" ta 2013 § remsh,a ì,shk 39'7 la iy 2014 § ishhg 12'4 l j¾Ok fõ.hla i|ydh' fï w;ßka" iÔùlrK fiajdj, fldgi iy iÔùlrK ksIamdokh 2013 § remsh,a ì,shk 12'7 la olajd meñ‚fhah' fi!LHu;a ishhg 7'1 l iuqÉÑ; jd¾Isl j¾Ok fõ.hla iu.ska 2013-2018 g wod<j" th ;jÿrg;a mer‚ bkaÈhdkq iÔùlrK l¾udka;h fkdj f.da,Sh l%Svlhka yd ;rÕ jÈk kj;uhls' bkaÈhdfõ ksmojkak hk w.%dud;H kf¾kaø fudaä ue;s;=udf.a woyia .ksñka ix.ufha f;dr;=re iy úldYk wud;HdxYh 2014 whjefhka l%SvdlrKh" iÔùlrKh iy oDYH l,d i|yd úYsIag;dj ms<sn| cd;sl uOHia:dkh ilia lsÍfï mshjr ksfõokh l<dh' iÔùlrKh" ;%sudk oDYH m%fhda. iy l%SvdlrKh i|yd mqyqKq ìula iemhSug tu uOHia:dkfhka wfmalaId flf¾' —fuh wud;HdxYfhka tk

gQkamQ¾ ld iqm¾ySfrda iÔù l%shdkaú; iy ;%sudk iÔùlrKh ixfhdað; m%:u bkaÈhdkq Ñ;%mgh úh

Èß.kajk mshjrla nj ud úYajdi lrkjd" tu.ska iÔùlrKh" l%SvdlrKh iy ùt*atlaia wxY Odjkh lrjkjd' fuu mshjr;a iu.ska" cd;sfha ;reK fldgiaj,g" wxYh ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lsÍfï§ jeo.;a N+ñldjla ork fuka nrm;, f,i i,ld n,kakehs Èß .ekaùula jkq we;"˜ wreKd l=ud¾" udhd äðg,a iagqäfhdaia ys udOH iy úldYk iïnkaO;d m%Odks mjihs' fhdackdj wdodhï jeälsÍu iy /lshd wjia:d iïmdokh i|yd muKla fkdj" kuq;a bkaÈhdkqjkag fuu wxYfha§ nqoaêuh foam, ysñldß;ajh i|yd iydh iemhSugo fõ'

nd,a .fkaI ys pß; úYd, lS¾;shla Wmhd .;s

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ixialD;sh

ueá

r;a;rka lsÍu

f,dj mqrd úisfrk fgrd fldgd ksuejqï rdcia:dkfha .ulska tk j. joka | l,Hd‚ fma%I¾

fgrdfldgd M,l ffoksl .eñ Ôjkh fmkakqï flf¾

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l,dlD;s Èk kjhla mqrd ms<siaiSu flf¾

WodhsmQ¾ k.rfhka lsf,daóg¾ 50 la wE;g meyehla foñka t<shg tk kuq;a Ndú; ueÜfÜ jkakg msysá rdcia:dkhg wh;a rdÊiudkaoa j¾.h wkqj meyeh iq¿ jYfhka úp,kh úh Èia;%slalfha fudf,,d .ïukdfha ck;djf.a yelsh' fgrdfldgd j¾Kh t<shg .kq ms‚i Ôjk ú,dih ueá l,d;aul ksuejqï njg fyda w;sf¾l ld,hla mj;skq ms‚i Tmoeóu yerùuhs' th l=U,alrejkaf.a .u f,i l< yelsh' th c,frdaOl iy ia:djr ÿjHhla ye¢kafjk w;r ,laIaó,d,a fyda jk w;r thska ksujd we;s ÈfkaIa jkaø l=ïyd¾ jeks Ys,amSkaf.a fm!rd‚l uQ¾;s ;ju;a tys úYsIag mjq,a ishjia .Kkdjla ;siafia yevj,skau mj;S' fudf,,dfõ fuys jdish lr ;sfí' Tjqkf.a ish¨‍u l,d udOHhka fukau" fgrdfldgd jD;a;sh ueá r;a;rka lsÍuhs' fudf,,dfõ fgrdfldgd l,dj l,dj;jÿrg;a fuu l=U,alrefjda fk;a n|k ld,h;a iu.u úldYkh ù we;' foaj foaúkS iq¿ rEm fgrdfldgd M,l u; l<ska" fgrdfldgd foaj ms<su ms<su i|yd iSud ks¾udKh lsÍu Wfoid m%isoaêhla b;d Wia ks¾udK úh' fuu l,dj ù fkdmj;S' Wiq,k w;r tla mrïmrdjlska miqj .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amh;a iu. l,dlrefjda B<Õ mrïmrdj olajd l=i,;dj M,l fyda ghs,a leg iE§u olajd úúO Ôjk isoaê w;a lr §fï iy yeu orefjl=gu mßj¾;kh úh' fudf,,dfõ ta u; ms<sìUq Tjqkf.au l,djg iam¾Yhla ,nd ¥ú,s jel=Kq ldka;dr N+oiqk lsÍu wdrïN §u fkdmsßfy<d lrkafkdah' wiSñ; ixLHd; j¾Khkaf. lr we; fgrdfldgd hkq firñla ka úrdu .ekaù we;s w;r øjHhla jk w;r .Dy ks¾udKfha§o l,dlrejka úiska j¾Khka w;alr ieris,s j,§o Ndú; flfrk mqrdK ld,fha .ksñka iajNdúl fgrdfldgd meyeh fjkia mgka f,dj mqrd me;sß l¾udka;hla fõ' jkakg yer kfjda;amdokYS,S kùk ie,iqï idys;Huh wre;ska kfuys f;areu —mq¿iaik ks¾udKh lf<ah' ,o ueᘠhkakhs' th iajNdúl ueáfhka fudf,,dfõ fgrdfldgd l,dj ;jÿrg;a foaj ks¾udKh flfrk w;r wkkH r;= ÿUqre foaúkS ms<su i|yd iSud ù fkdmj;S' l,dlrefjda

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oek .ekSu hym;ah t ys hdu i|yd fyd|u ld,h Tlaf;dan¾ isg wm%sfh,a olajd < Õd úh yels wdldrh WodhsmQ¾ ÿïßh ia:dkfha isg lsf,daóg¾ 47 la wE;sks' ke;akï WodhsmQ¾ j,ska tla Èk ixpdrhla wrUkak" lsf,daóg¾ 60 la hd hq;=h' i xpdrl b`.sh jevj, kshe,S isák l,dlrejka ne,Sug Wfoa jrefõ meñfKkak'

idïm%odhsl fgrdfldgd myka¦ my;( iajdñ .fkaI rejla iys; idïm%odhsl M,lhla

úúO Ôjk isoaê ta u; ms<sìUq lsÍu wdrïN lr we;' flfiafj;;a" idïm%odhsl ie,iqï iy yev;, iodyß;j úrdcudk fõ" l,dj iy wd.u fudf,,dfõ§ ixfhdackh ù we;s w;r ffoksl Ôú;hg weÕ jeiaula imhhs' fuu M,l ks¾udKfha§ ir, yia; l%udkql+, ;dlaIKhla wod< lr .efka' m<uqfjka" m%dfoaYSh iemhqï m, j,ska ueá idrd .kakd w;r nQrefjl= ne¢ wg,a,la we;=,; ñY% lsÍu flf¾' 1 g 4 wkqmd;h;ska idok ueá ñY%Kh kuH;djla we;s lrhs' wk;=rej" fjkia wdldrhl f.da,dldr uqÿkla iys;j msgj;la idok w;r odr u.ska msgjf;a mÜgu jk ;=re kxjkq ,nhs' rEm we¢u weÕs,s wdOdrfhka isÿ lrk w;r l=yr iys; úh hq;=h' túg fmdarKqfõ§ tajd msmsÍ fkdhhs' ;=kS ueá fnda, jeks wdNrK wu;rj tla lrñka tajd iïmQ¾K flf¾' M,l ms<siaiSu Èk kjhla muK isÿ flf¾' .sks;eîu ;djld,sl fmdarKqjl§ flf¾' .%dóh f.dúm< fkdjk l¾udka; ixj¾Ok ksfhdað;dh;kh rdcia:dkfha laIqø jHjidhhka m%j¾Okh lrñka fuu l,dlrejka fmrg f.k taug úYd, N+ñldjla rÕ olajd we;' —wm fuu l,dlrejka cdhsmQ¾ iy kjÈ,a,sfha úYd,

m%o¾Yk fj; /f.k hkjd' wmf.a woyi Tjqka f,dalhg újD; lr,Suhs'˜ ´ï m%ldYa" tys wf,úlrK ks,Odß m%ldY lrhs' .%dóh f.dúm< fkdjk l¾udka; ixj¾Ok ksfhdað;dh;kh mqyqKq lsÍï iy jevuq¿ ixúOdkh lrñka Wmldr lrhs' —f,dalh ks¾udKh lsÍug fuu l,dj /f.k hdu wmf.a b,lalhhs' wmg fudf,,dfõ kj ks¾udK m%.;sh lrd hkq oelau wjYHhs' wm jrla fgrdfldgd Ñ;% cd;sl ;,hg f.k.shd' wdl¾I‚h foa jkafka" flfiafj;;a" ie,iqïlrKfha§ kùk l%u w;ayod ne,Su isÿ fjk kuq;a jvd;a ckm%sh wx. jkafka iajdñ l%sIaK iy wfkl=;a foaj rEm wj;dr jeks mer‚ ú,dihkah'˜ ´ï m%ldYa lshhs' uQ¾;sl,d" fuu l,dj m%dfoaYSh jHjydrfhka ye¢kafjk mßÈ" oyhshd wdOdrfhka mq¿iaik w;r ueÜfÜ we;=,;g jÈk fia uQ¾;sh yev .kajd we;s msgj;g .sks oe,aùu flf¾' fuu l,dj uq¿ukskau yia; l¾udka;hla jk w;r lsisu wÉpqjla fyda hka;%hla Ndú; fkdlr lrk tlla jk kuq;a Ndú; flfrk tlu wdOdrh ilfrdaoh iy kshk mu‚' l,dlrejkaf.ka Rcqju fuu l,dlD;s ñ,§ .kakg leue;af;ys kï" th Tng;a Tjqkag;a m%;s,dNhla fõ'

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l,dj

ixialD;Skaf.a úi,a

flakaødNsidÍ;dj

fvlEka ys l,dj 16 jk ishjfia isg 19 jk ishji olajd n, meje;ajK q q fj<| wd;aóh .=K loïNh iy yqjudrej u.ska iqieÈ tllau úh joka | mQkdï f.dfh,a

Tn msÉjdhsia iam¾Y lrkq ,en ;sfí kï" isákafkuq"˜ wdpd¾h lú;d isx" kdjqreia ys cd;sl fl!;=ld.dr m%o¾Ykfha fldgila f,i iu fl!;=ld.dr wOHlaI mejiSh' fuu.ska m%o¾Ykhg n÷ka jk" kdjqrdia( fvlEkays iuyr úg meyeÈ,s lrkqfha ksõfhdala kd.ßl l,djkaf.a ifudaodkh iuyr úg Tn fl!;=ld.drh uE;ld,fha § 70 la muK jQ w;eÕs,af,a oejgQ uqÿ fuka ÿrg l;d ny lrhs' odhlhkaf.ka ,nd .;a jvd;a jákd fvlEka 18 jk ishjfia §¾> jYfhka flreKq fuu l,dlD;s m%o¾Ykhla lrd hduhs' cd;sl l,d lD;s rka meye wdf,amj,ska fl!;=ld.drfha m%o¾Ykh fuu ieÈfhah" ì%ÊN+ñ ^iajdñ l%sIaKdf.a nyq-ixialD;sl f,dalfha ,o yels wvúh& ys fudaiï ld,h ksrEmKh foag l=vd ljq¿jla muKla jk uyck;djf.a lsÍu 16 iy 19 jk ishjia w;r w;r ixikaokd;aulj m%o¾Ykhg weiaj,ska ld,fha fvlEka ys iq,a;dkajreka ,enqKq l,dlD;s ixLHdj Ôú; fnfyúkau hgf;a ke.S wd by<skau taldnoaê;" ld,hg;a jvd úYd, tlla ieÕj mej;=Kq fouqyqka iy l,amj;akd l,d f,i Èia fõ' fvlEka l,dj" lD;Skaf.a Wiia;uhkaf.ka tlls' WodyrKhla f,i fuh iuyr úg uyck;djf.a weiaj,ska .ka k" w,a nqrdla kue;s mdrdkaO fuda.,a l,djg fnfyúkau ieÕj mej;=Kq fvlEka Èh idhï j¾.h" ulalu isg jvd lemS l,dj" iuyr úg jvd;a wdVH iy fcrei,u olajd;a wdmiq;a rd;%S fmfkkakla úh fyd¢ka jd¾;d.; fuda.,a l,djg .ukl§ kì kdhl ;=udj /f.k jvd lemS fmfkkakla úh' —b;d .sh woaN+; i;a;ajhdj ksrEmKh uE; ld,fha§" flfiafj;;a" woyia iy n,mEï lsÍu i|yd fhdod .;a;ls' rEmKh uQ,dY% j, iy f.da,ShlrKfha wdNdIh fya;=fjka" fndfydajlska jHq;amkak lr .;a tlla jk ieu ia:dkhlau ixialD;sfhka Tíng .sh w;r Ök W!rejla .;a ulrdf.a j,.hg iudk ;;a;ajhlg m;aj ;sfí' oeka ixlS¾K" tl u; fldgilska o m¾ishdkq isxy foayhlao yojf;a tl jefgk" fvlEkfha úYajjHdmS ixialD;Ska bkaÈhdkq wef;l=f.a rejlao iys; j ks¾ñ;h' f;areï .ekSug myiq jk w;r wms tu W!refõ —18 jk ishjfia f.d,afldkavd l,dlrejd ;dkh ms<sn|j jeäuk;a fohla ,en .ksñka úiska Ñ;%h lrk ,o w;r kuq;a th f,dalfha

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iaj¾Kuh wdf,amhlska hq;a msÉjdhs Ñ;%hla

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l,dj

wvlskau mdfya .;a n,mEï wdNdIhkaf.ka ieÈfhah"˜ isx lshhs' ixialD;Ska lsysmhl úi,a flakaødNsidÍ;dj jvd;a ie,lsh hq;= rej 18 jk ishjfia miq Nd.fha§ rdudhKfha mqj;la weiqßka ks¾ñ; úydr .; t,a,k mska;+rhls' úchk.¾ ys ks¾ñ;" fuu kd.ßl .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amfha ixrlaIs; u;lhka wjqreÿ 200 lg fmrd;=j iïNdjH øúv fldaú,a idïm%odh wkqj ksujqKq kuq;a bia,dóh ú,dihka wkqj rdclSh f.dv ke.s,s bÈlrkq ,en ;sfí' foaj;djqka iy /lj,alrejka úiska jg fldg .;a iajdñ rdudf.a fu!,s ux.,H rEm oiqkla m%Odk o¾Ykh jk w;r ta ish¨‍ fokdu bia,dóh ú,difha uql=gh iys; wdrelal= Ndú;fhka úchk.¾ m%didohka fijfka ke.S isà' úYd, mßudKfha l,ïldß we| we;sß,s fvlEka úYaj jHdmS;dj i|yd ;j;a tla WodyrKhls' ;u ud<s.fha m¾ishdkq rcq jgd isák rEm j,ska hq;a wd¾fïkshd" fuda.,a

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^by<& Trkafií rcqf.a me<÷ula ^uqÿfka& rdudhKh Ñ;%j;a lrk fldaú,a oiqkla ^ol=fKa& w,a nqrdla - l,ams; i;a;ajfhl= ksujk Èhidhï Ñ;%hla

rdcOdksh" Ökh iy ;=¾lsfha wdNdIh ,;a tajd fuys lÈu bÈßm;a lsÍuls' rd.ud, Ñ;% 44 lska hq;a mka;shla u.ska 16 jk ishjfia ;SlaIK l,djka úoyd olajhs' tys ú,dih ffjj¾K jk w;r fouqyqka o¾Ykhla fmkakqï lrhs' ta u.ska fuda.,a yuqodfõ rdÊmq;a m%OdkSka úiska f.fkk ,o rdcia:dks msre¿ j, m%;sM,hla f,i fvlEkfha úlis; ù ;sfí' fvlEka ys l=vd mßudKfha Ñ;% l,dj" ld,dkqrEmj" rdcia:dks iy mdydß wx.k j, wNdIhkaf. ka n,mEug ,laj we;s njg wkqudk flf¾' rdudhKfha mqj;a weiqßka ks¾ñ; Ñ;% 450 la fujd¾ yS uydrdkd c.;a isx Wfoid l< foaj,a jk w;r 17 jk ishjfia jev loïNhhs" wju jYfhka" tla fj¿ulaj;a fvlEka l,dlrejka úiska l< tajd f,i ie,fla'˜ isx wkdjrKh lrhs' ,o yelsj ;sfnk fmdfydi;a iy Èÿ,k j¾K Ndú;h" ieneúkau" f;dagd

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jfï isg ol=Kg( rd.aud,d Ñ;%¦ u,sla wïnd¾f.a l,d;aul ksfhdackhla" wm%sldkq rdclSh wx.khla¦ l,ïldÍ we| we;sß,s

jhsl=kagï" Ñmamd iqOdl¾ iy ,laIï .jqâ jeks l,dmhkaf.ka wd l,dlrejka w;ska flreKq jev m%udKhhs' —tajd ish uQ,hkag iy iïNdjH n,mEïj,g wkqj i;H f,i fYaIj mj;sk w;r foaj;ajh iy ck l;d úoyd olajhs' wo mjd Tjqkaf.a jev w;r tajd olakg fYaI ù ;sfí"˜ .e,ßfha .fkaId" fIdaNd Nd;shd wOHlaIjrhd mjihs' fvlEka l,dj fj<|dfï wd;aóh .=Kh iy yqjudrej úoyk w;r th tu hq.j,§ fnfyúkau n,meje;ajqKq ú,dihg foia fohs'

ÿïfld< l;kaorh" mD;=.SiSka úiska m<uqjrg ìcdmQ¾ j,g y÷kajd fok ,o w;r miqj l,dmfha m%Odk wmkhkh njg m;a úh' tu mqj; fndfyda ߧ Tínjd ieliQ ìøsfjhd¾ yqlald mokï j, ud¾.fhka fláfhka f;areï.; yelsj ;sfí' jdikdjlg" l,ïldÍ iy ìøsj¾la jeks l=i,;d fndfyduhla ld,fha mÍlaIKfhka Èú .,jd f.k ;sfí' m%o¾Ykh flfrk w;a wl=re l,dfõ iy ìï we;sß .,a l,dfõ .=Kd;aulNdjh mjd wo tajd iu. .e,mSu wiSreh'

jfï isg ol=Kg( nqrdla uQ¾;sh¦ f,dayuh ieris,s whs;uhla¦ ìøsfjhd¾ yqlald moku

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bjqï msyqï

tmuK u;aiH .=Khla

wka lsisjl ke;æ

fuu bkaÈhdkq jÜfgdarej iu. Tnf.a Wiia f;a fïihg l=¿ rih iy m%Œ; hula tla lr .kak

wïß;aid¾ neomq ud¿ iQodkï lsÍug hk ld,h ñks;a;= 15 hs¦ moïlsÍug hk ld,h ñks;a;= 50 hs¦ msiSug hk ld,h ñks;a;= 20 hs¦ msßkeóu 4 fofkl=g iEfya wjYH øjH ud¿ fm;s .%Eï 750¦ úkdlsß fldamam 1$2¦ ¨‍Kq fïi ye¢ 1 hs¦ f;,a¦ je,afoys¦ moï lsÍu i|yd( bÕ=‍re fïi ye¢ 2 hs¦ iqÿ ÆKqq ;,mh fïi ye¢ 2¦ lefrdï weg fïi ye¢ 2 hs¦ iqÿ .ïñßia fïi ye¢ 1 hs¦ ¨‍Kq fïi ye¢ 1$2 hs¦ ;sßÕ=‍ msá fldamam 1$2 hs¦ ;eô,s meye j¾Klh¦ j;=r fldamam 1$2 hs idok l%uh ud¿ fm;s fidaod .kak" lvodis ;=jd j,ska úh<d

f.k tl ;rfï l=vd y;/ia l=Üá fyda weÕs,s wdldrhg lmd .kak¦ m<Õdkl nyd úkdlsß iy ¨‍Kq w;.d ñks;a;= 30 la moï lr .kak¦ kej;;a lvodis ;=jdj,ska úh<d f;; bj;a lr .kak' ish¿u wuq øjH ñY% lr moï lsÍu i|yd w;.dkak' ñks;a;= 20 la moï lr .kak' n÷kl oud.;a f;,a r;a lr .kak" ud¿ lene,s .eUqre f;f,a neo .kak' tla jrlg lsysmh ne.ska n÷kg oukak" lr lr .d yefmk ;=re uOHu uÜgfï riakh we;sj neo .ekSug wu;l fkdlrkak¦ f;f,ka nd f.k f;; yer .kak¦ §ishl ;nd ms<sfh, lrkak¦ je,afoys fm;s j,ska irid .kak' WKq WKqfõu msß kukak'

wkq.%yh( úiañ; ri( m%udo ù .kakd Wfoa wdydrh" Wiia f;a" fldlafÜ,a" iQm Ydia;% .%ka: fm<l fldgils" Tn fj; f.k tkafka kj È,a,sfha úfoaY lghq;= wud;HdxYfha l,;%hkaf.a ix.uh úisks

rka ÿUqre meyeh( biau iys; wïß;aidß neomq ud¿

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bjqï msyqï

bkaÈhdkq ñßia lrf,a

ùr l;dka;rh

l=¿nvq b;sydifha" hï irlal= úfYaIhla —WIaKh˜ f.k fok ;;a;ajhg wkql+, ú‚ kï" ta ñßiah joka | uOq,sld odYa

ñßia .ek is;k úg bkaÈhdkq bjqï msyqï w;r hg;a msßfihska tla WKqiqï j¾.hla l,dj .ek fkdis;du neßh' lEug fmr j;a" kd.d fcdf,dalshd iy kd.d jhsm¾ msßkeuqï .ek y÷kk wh w;r ñßia .ek fidhd .;s' lrf,a wjHdc Ndú;hg bkaÈhdkq wdydr wdhQ¾fõoh" Ôjkfha úoHdj" wdydrh msiqï l,dj m¾hdh wre;a f.k foa' i|yd l=¿nvq Ndú;h m;=rejd ,Sh - iuyrla m%;HlaIh" wdl¾IŒh whqßka" iïmQ¾Kfhka fmd;aj, Rcqju ñßia .ek olajd ;sfí wi;H fkdfõ' ieneúkau" ksjerÈ l=¿nvq fhdod msisk rdcia:dkfha ,d,a udia iy ,o wdydr fmdaIŒh .=Kh ldYaórfha frda.ka fcdaYa ixrlaIKh lrk nj úYajdi 1498 § bkaÈhdjg ñßia Ndú;h i|ydu m%isoaOh lrk ,§' tfukau" ñßiaj,ska meñ‚ foaYdgl - kuq;a lg ok .;sh w;ska msïîu md,kh lrkq ,efíæ jiaflda o .dud iïmQ¾Kfhkau fjkia úfYaI fuh i;H jqj;a újdodmkakhs' kï mD;=.Sis fjhs' .sks r;= meyehla f.k flfiafj;;a" bkaÈhdj ;=< keúhd l|jqrla fok m<uqj i|yka l< ñßia ckm%sh jQ njg úixjdo fjkqjg ys,õjg úfYaIh u;dkshd ñßÉ f,i lsisjla fkdue;s fj;;a" ñßia .;a nj y÷kajk w;r ldYaó¾ ñßÉ j, ld,fha ;Srh Tiafia bjqï i|yka fõ ñysß l=¿nvq rih i|yd frda. l,dfõ ixl%dka;s wÈhrl§ ka fcdaYa m%p,s;h' wdydr iemhqfï kshqla; 1498 § bkaÈhdjg meñ‚ foaYdgl fj<÷ka iy fufyjr odhlhka foaYfha jiaflda o .dud kï mD;=.Sis keúhd l|jqrla fïi lrd kjuq ;dlaIKh iy wdydr j¾. fjkqjg ys,õjg ñßia .;a nj i|yka fõ' f.k wdfhah' o .dud wdydr j¾. folla( flá ld,hlska Tyq bkaÈhdj" le,Ejla ;rï W!reuia úkaodÆ iy fidafmdafg,a fuys ñßia jefjk N+ñhla nj wjfndaO lr .;a f.k wdfhah' fï ie,lsh hq;= f.dajdkq

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fndaßhd ñßÉ

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bjqï msyqï

my< jfï isg Trf,daiq uqyqKf;a Èidjg( ìis fnf,a Nd;a¦ ,dlaId¦ W!reuia úkaodƦ ne,afpda¦ fidafmdafg,a¦ md,a lߦ ud¿ ßldfvda - ish,a,u úúO ñßia j¾. Ndú; lrhs

wdydr n÷ka fol wo ojfia l=¿nvq rih i|ydu m%lgh' mD;=.SiSka úiska fmß fmß ñßia bkaÈhdjg f.k wd w;r th f.dajdkq uid,d j, § ffki¾.sl l=¿nvqjla njg m;a ù ;sfí' kjuq úp,H;d j¾Okh fjoa§" ñßia lr, bkaÈhdfõ wfkla wka;h lrd o we§ .sfhah' rdcia:dkfha§" th l=vl yqrejla .;s" fndfyda wdydr ieliqu i|yd ta ke;sju neßh' ol=fKa my< l,dmj,§" uÿrdis mdß" úfYaI j¾.h" WKqiqï fõ,l mru idrh njg m;aúh' hful=g tys l=¿nvq rifha idOlh u; l%Svdj lsÍug yels jk mßÈ ñßÉ ld i,dka i|yd jk f;aÍu njg Njkd.%S ñßÉ m;a ù ;sfí' tys my< lemaisiska wka;¾.;h ksidfjkau" NHdod.s ñßia wvq l=¿nvq rihla wjeis §is rij;a lrkq ms‚i wjYH ù ;sfí -

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11 SHADES OF INDIAN CHILLIES

JAMMU AND KASHMIR Kashmiri Mirch HIMACHAL PRADESH Kashmiri Mirch

MADHYA PRADESH Sannam,

GUJARAT Jwala MANIPUR Dhani MIZORAM Dhani

MAHARASHTRA Sannam, Nalcheti

ANDHRA PRADESH Sannam, Mundu, Madras Pari, Tadappally, Hindpur

KARNATAKA Byadagi

KERALA Kanthari

TAMIL NADU Mundu, Kanthari

Dhani

Scarlet, highly pungent

Tadappally

Red, thick, mildly pungent

Sannam

Red /reddish hot/very hot

Byadagi

Red, pungency low/almost nil

Nalcheti

Red, very pungent

Kanthari

Ivory white, small, highly pungent

Mundu

Yellowish red/scarlet hot/ fairly pungent

Jwala

Light red, highly pungent

Madras Pari

Bright red, hot

Hindpur

Kashmiri Mirch Deep red, fleshy pungency-negligent Red, very pungent

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bjqï msyqï

;dmfha yevh ixflaYajÍ ñßÉ( by< uOHu l=¿nvqj" fldkaldka wdydrfha § ks;ru mdfya yuq fõ' fndaßhd ñßÉ( f;ïmrdÿ ri .ekaùu i|yd ks;ru mdfya Ndú; flf¾' ldYaór foa.s ñßÉ( È.=" ;o r;= iy /<s jegqKq iïmQ¾Kfhka neÈ ldYaór ñßia iqug f,i WKqiqïh' fnoa.s fyda nHdod.s ñßia( WKqiqï Ndjh iy j¾Kfhka uOHu ;rfï isák l¾Kdgl úfYaIh f.daod uid,d i|yd w;HjYH fõ' ;d¾j;S( fuu mdrNdil" Èiakh iys; ñßia j¾.h jd‚c r;= ñßia l=vq i|yd Ndú; fõ' frYdïm;a;s( m<,a flá ñßia j¾.hls" uOHu m%udKfha lg ok .;shla we;s fuu WKqiqï ñßia j¾.h wÉpdre j¾. i|yd Ndú; flf¾' .=Kavq ñßia( l=vd" jgl=re iy Èiakh iys; fuu ñßia j¾.h ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq wdydr fõf,a wksjd¾h wx.hls' kd.d jhsm¾ ñßia( bx.%Sis cd;sl fcr,aâ *õ,¾ úiska fouqyqka lr ks¾udKh lr we;s fuu ñßia j¾.h kd.d fcdf,dalshd iy ÜßksvEâ j¾.j, Èh‚hhs' th jvd;au ier ñßia j¾.j,ska tlls' kd.d fcdf,dlshd ñßia( tla kd.d fcdf,dalshd lr,lska 200 fofkl=g wdydr ms<sfh, l< yelsh' msß msß ñßia( —wm%l s dkq r;= hlaIhd˜ hk kñkao ye¢kafõ" th ier iy isyk s a f,i y÷kd.kq ,nk fuu is,k s v a rdldr yevfha r;= ;eô,s meye ñßia j¾.h mq¿,aj Ndú; fõ' ,d fld< ñßia( jv mdõ iu. jvd;au fyd¢ka ñY% fõ" fïjd Èÿ,k kuq;a my< l=¿ rih ksid fhda.Hhs' ;o fld< ñßia( fï ;=kS ñßia j¾.h vhskuhsÜ ;rï fyd| tlla fõ¦ mßmamq jHxckh f;ïmrdÿj i|yd ks;ru Ndú; fõ'

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ñßÑ ld i,dka

^isõfofkl=g iEfyk muK&

wjYH øjH wuq ñßia( f,dl= lr,a 18-20¦ f;,a fïi ye¢ 2 la¦ ;, weg fïi ye¢ 2 la¦ fld;a;u,a,s weg fïi ye¢ 1 la¦ iQÿre weg fïi ye¢ 1 la¦ lr l< rglcq fldamam 1$2 la¦ úh<s r;= ñßia lr,a 2 la¦ bÕ=‍re" fm;s .id.;a wÕ,a 1 l lene,a,la¦ iqÿÆKq fm;s .id .;a¦ lrdnq keá 6-8 la¦ wn weg fïi ye¢ 1 la¦ ÆKq" .d.;a uOHu ;rfï f.ähla¦ ly l=vq fïi ye¢ 1 la¦ ishU,d l,alh fïi ye¢ 2 la j;=r fldamam nd.hl Èhlr¦ wjYH muK ¨‍Kq

ìis fnf,a nd;a" idïnd¾" pÜks iy Wvqms ÈiS wÉpdre iu. flfia fõo@ t,a,dÑmQ¾ ikakï" yß ñßÉ ys mru idrh" §isj,g ;shqKq nj tla lrkq ms‚i rg mqrdu Ndú; flf¾' .=kagQ¾ ikakï" ;j;a ol=Kq bka§h ñßia j¾.h" tys /<s iys; úhuk úiska y÷kd idok l%uh .efkk w;r l=¿ nvq iys; §is i|yd wuq ñßia È. w;g brkak' n÷kl nyd .eUqßka nÈkak' lr Ndú; úh' flar<fha jefjk ldka;dß jhsÜ l< ;, úh<d .kak" fld;a;u,a,s iy rglcq iu. wUrd. kak" r;= ñßia" bÕ=‍re iy iqÿ <QKq ;,mhla idod .kak' WKqiqï iy wÉpdre i|yd f;aÍu njg n÷kl nyd f;,a fïi ye¢ folla r;a lr .kak' Bg wn m;aj we;s w;r wdydr wjfYdaIKh lsÍug tla lrkak' tajd neÿKq jydu ÆKq tla lrkak' rka meye Wmldrj;a fjhs' jQ jydu ly tla lrkak' l<ska idod .;a ;,mh tla lr ñks;a;= ;=kla msiskak" j;=r fldamam nd.hla tla lr" kgk ;j;a úfYaI úúO;ajhka .Kkdjla ;=re r;a lrkak' uo .skafka ñks;a;= 10 la msi .kak' ishU,d tajdfha ;dmh iy lg ok .;sh i|yd l,alh ñY% lrkak' nÈk ,o wuq ñßia iy ¨‍Kq Bg tla m%lg ù ;sfí' .=crdgfha Êjd,d iy Bidk lrkak' ñks;a;= myla msiskak' pmd;s ^bkaÈhdkq mdka& iu.

WKq WKqfõu msßkukak' È. l,dmfha l=re¿ wei ñßia jeks foa Bg WodyrK fõ' jvd;au WKqiqï ñßia j¾. w;r fjñka" fïjd bkaÈhdj mqrd uijq¿ iQodkï lsÍfuys kshqla; lrjd we;' WKqiqïu iagQ j¾.h tlai;a rdcOdksfha mqxÑ ks.uk Wmldrl lsysmhla( wjkay,l Wmka bkaÈhdkq u;dkshd ñßÉ ,d,a udia j, j¾Kh tlai;a rdcOdksfha jHxck j¾.hls' md,a lß i|yd" frda.ka fcdaYa wjkay,l Wmka hkq m<yk ,o neg¿ uia j, ldYaór ñßÉ bkaÈhdkq jHxck Like fyda fjk;a ljr fyda foa.s j¾.h" ñßÉ ld j¾.hls" md,a lß hkq MEA INDIA uia j¾.hla fhdodf.k i,dka j, Njkd.%s m<yk ,o neg¿ uia ilia flfrk WKqiqï ñßÉ" iy weiEufha fyda fjk;a ljr fyda fidaia u; msß kefukakls' ,dlaId iy ;=mald j, uia j¾.hla fhdodf.k Follow BidkÈ. fmfoiaj, l=re¿ wei ñßia fyda ilia flfrk @MEAINDIA wdydr msiSfï§ jvd;au Odks jeks " rihka WKqiqï fidaia u; msß jeäfhka Ndú; jk l=¿ wkq.ukh lr ;sfí' kefukakls rih ñßia ùu fya;=fjka .=kagQ¾ $ jrka.d,a md,a lßh wkq.%yh ,en $ lïudï Ñ,S hkq Channel ;sfí' bkaÈhdkq bjqï msyqï l,dj fj; ish¨‍ wÉpdre ie,iqï i|yd fhda.H MEA INDIA ñßia imeñŒu;a iu.u" ñßia Ndú;fha idïm%odhsl tl;=j fõ'

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foaj;ajfha meyeh

wkqiaurKh lsÍu

fyñia W;aij ld,fha§" ,dvdla kqjr k¾;kfhkao j¾Kj;a ieurefukao iÔjkh fjhs' wdl¾IKfha uOH ,laIHh wd.ñl fjia uqyqKq k¾;khhs joka | iqm%shd w.d¾j,a

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mú;%lrKh i|yd Y=oaO c,h fyñia wdY%uh mqrd bisk NslaIqjla

iduhg m¾hdh fjñk "a k s i ,;djh iy Ndjkdj" ,dvdl a —Wi a uxlv N ñ + h˜ f,i ye¢k a ùug fy a ; = úh' È. = Wodi Sk Y ; S R; j = lg mi qj" W; a l ¾Ij; a njl sk a iy WmldÍ njl sk a h< s ; sßyk a ùug ld,h . sïydkhh 's fuy s§ flfrk a fk "a kej; ; sßyk a ùu ieuÍul "s mru i;Hh w; a lr .ek Sfï ud¾.hl 's fuu W; a ij fm!rd‚l pdß;% jdß;% j," fmdfydi; a ixi a lD; shl iy Ôjk ieureul mßmQ¾K m%nk a Ohl 's fuy s jvd; a u ckm% sh W; a ij w; ß= k a tll a jk a fk a fyñi a wdY%ufh a fyñi a W; a ijhh 's f,y a i sg l sf,d a óg¾ 45 l a wE; sk a m sy sá fuu fyñi a wdY%uh" l,dmfh a úYd,;u iy fmdfydi; a u

wdY%uhh 's ty s úi a uhckl .Dy k s¾udK Y s, a m h i|yd m%i so a ê hl a Wi q,k w;r uqÿfky s m sy sg qjd we; s nqo a O m%; sudj wdY%uhg f.k tk a fk a wE;g Èi a fjk ruŒh oi qkl 's fuu foÈk W; a ijh u. sk a whym; mrojd hym; ch .ek Su iurk w;r fn!o a O wdpd¾hjrfhl a jQ uOHu wdi sh dj" Ökh iy y sud, fmfoig jc%h dk nqo a Od.u f.k wd mo a uiïNj wdpd¾h jrhdf. a W; a m; a ; s ixj; a i rh ieuÍu flf¾' wk qn qÿ jrfhl = f,i f.!rjhg md;% jQ . r= e mo a uiïNj 8 jk Y; j¾Ifh a § bk a Èhdjg wdrdOkh ,en meñK w÷re n,fõ. mrdch lr ck;dj O¾ufh a /lj¨‍k a njg m; a l< mqj; uehs-cqks 2015

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oek isàu jà tys hdug iqÿiq ld,h uehs - iema;eïn¾ <Õd úh yelafla flfiao

f,ya kqjr l=fIdala nl=,d ßïfmdÉfÉ .=jka f;dg olajd .=jka .ukla .kak' ke;akï" cïuq ;djdhs j,g ÿïßfhka meñfKkak" lsf,daóg¾ 300 la wE;sks' tfia;a ke;akï" f,ya - Y%S k.¾ fyda ukd,s - f,ya wêfõ.S ud¾.h Tiafia Odjkh lrkak' fuh;a n,kak

fyñia cd;sl WoHdkh" ol=Kq wdishdfõ úYd,;u WoHdkh

ieuÍï ji a fï W; a ijh flf¾' ; sí n; Èk o¾Ykfh a 10 jk pk a ø Èkfh a § iEu j¾Ihl§u fuu W; a ij flfrk w;r fï wjqreo a fo a cQ, s 7 iy 8 foÈk Bg fjk a lr ; sfí' fyñi a wdY%ufh a uOH wx.kh fõÈldjg fjk a ù hh (s fnr" fydrKE" iy Y I = sr NdK a v WoEik sk a u W; a ij wdrïNh ik sg qyk a lrh 's oyi a .Kk a fn!o a O ckhd mo a uiïNj Ñ;%h ; < = sk a wdY ¾ S jdo ,nd .k s; 's iy, "a y÷k a l r+ e" fgd a udi a ^ng¾ iy mdk a m sßkeuqï& iy Y o= a O c,h m%Odk W; a ij NdK a v fõ' m%Odk N sl a I Qk a jyk a fi a mú;%; dj i|yd uq¿ wx.kh mqrd Y o= a O c,h bi s; 's flfi a fj;; "a uQ, sl wdl¾IKh kï fji a uqy qK q me<| lrk wd.ñl k¾;khh 's t a i|yd ,dudjrek a ^N sl a I Qk a jyk a fi a , d& wx.kfh a Oc lKqj jgd k¾;kfh a fhfo; 's pdïi a hk qfjk a y÷k a jk" fuu k¾;k wx.hk a Èÿ,k we÷ï iy ffjj¾K fji a u qy qK q me<| i sáñk a lrk neúk a m%p, s; h' k¾;kh fldgi a foll sk a iuk a ú; fõ( m<uq fldgi sk a . r= e mo a uiïNjf. a wg jeoEreï me; slv i|yd i a; ; = s mQcd flf¾' fojk fldgi sk a uyd fvdk a . a l % Sk "a wx iy s; fji a u qy qK q rejl "a hl a I n,fõ. >d;kh lrk oi qkl a fõ' mo a uiïNj wdpd¾h; u = df. a wg jeoEreï wd; a uhk "a fy< sorõ lr .; a k sOdk

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by<( pdïia kñka y÷kajk fjiauqyqKq k¾;kh bÈßhg wefohs jfï( k<d ye~ùu pdï k¾;kfha ,laIKhls

idïm%odhg jefÜ' thg l,;%h d iu. tl a ùu k srEmKho we; , = ; a fõ' iïmQ¾K Y S,fhy s m sy sá fn!o a O N sl a I qjl "a ;reK TgqK q me<¢ l u = frl "a ck;djg O¾uh W.k a jk .e,jqïldrfhl "a nqo a êu; a ;reKfhl "a y sre kui a l drh lrk k srej; a fhd a . sjrfhl "a jðrl S,h úoyd mdk rejl a iy újdohg keUqre i xs y rejl a fii q wx.fhd a h' fuu wd.ñl k¾;kj, sk a ck;djg i sh ¨‍u ixi a l drhk a f. a wk s;H nj iy fud a y h iy kmqrg tfry s i sf;y s ch.%yKh W.ek a ùul a wfm a l a Id flf¾' k<d ye~ùu iy fud a yk Sh fnr jdok k¾;kh Wfoid mßmQ¾K y~ .e,mqu ilid fok w;r fndfyd a p,khk a m sh jr ueKqï iy fõ.j; a N%uK wdÈfhk a iuk a ú; fõ' N%uKh jk we÷ïj, Wo a §m a ; j¾K rgd fl!; l = fji a u qy qK q" iy úÑ;% p,k rgd oDYH i; a l drhl a bÈßm; a lrh 's fji a u qy qK q k¾;k i|yd fhduq fjñk a fkdie,l s, a , bj;g m<jd yeÍu iy hful = k s¾jdKhg ióm lrùu wfm a l a Idjl a fõ' —fuu fji a u qy qK q k¾;k rgd keröfuk "a wjfnd a Oh ,enQ fY% a I a Ghk a f. a f,d a fld a ; a ; r wd; a u — k¾;k Sh m s< sìUqjl sk a oel a ùu˜ flf¾ wm wdY ¾ S jdo ,nd .; h q; = jk w;r whym; a yeÕ Sï bj; a lr wmf. a u ukfi a i a jNdjh iy m%{dj wjfnd a O lr .ek Su l< yel s fõ"˜ fyñi a wdY%ufh a N sl a I qjl a fy< s lrh 's

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fkdfn,a

lsúiqre

rîkaøkd;a ;df.darhkaf.a fm!rd‚l ksjig" l,algdfõ fcdrikaflda ;dl+¾ ndß ukaÈrhg" .sh pdßldjla" fkdfn,a ;Hd. ,dNS m%:u bkaÈhdkqjd jQ ;df.darhkaf.a Ôú;h iu. ióm iy fm!oa.,sl wd.ka;=lhka fjñka uehs 7 jk Èk Wm;a ixj;airh i|yd lÈu msúiqula .;ay joka | iq;dmd uql¾Ô

Tng W;=re l,algdj foi ixpdrh lsßug isÿ weiqßks' tajd ;=kS c, Odrdjla u; ksujd we;s ú‚ kï" fcdrikaflda ;dl+¾ ndß ^6- oaj¾ldka;a w;r fuu udj; Tiafia jeà ;sfí' ukaÈrh" j¾. ;df.da¾ mgqu.& ukaÈrfha Wia ieris,s iys; óg¾ 35000 la mqrd me;sÍ ;sfí" 18 jk ishjfia§ f.aÜgqj u. yeÍu fkdúh yelalls' j¾Kfhka rîkaøkd;af.a wd;d" oaj¾ldkd;a ;df.da¾ l=ure r;a meyehla .kakd .fvd,ska" wdrelal=uh uqÿk úiska f.dv kxjd we;' fuu ukaÈrh msysá bvu fomiskau úúO Wiska iy m<,ska Tyqg ;E.s lrk ,oafoa fmdfydi;a hq;a ia:ïN j,ska th ierisfhah' jHdmdßlfhl= úisks' fuu ksjykg wdrelal=fõ uqÿk ieliS we;af;a tys .Dy ks¾udK Ys,amSh ku fh§ we;af;a p;=ri%dldr uqÿka jHqyj,sks" jákdlu yer" fuu ukaÈrh tys msysá úYd, fnx.d,s W!rej wkqj" lemSfmfkk bkaÈhdfõ m%:u fkdfn,a iudk ,S md,ï Wia iy Èÿ,k f,i mska;dre l< ;Hd.,dNshdf.a Wm; ^1861 uehs 7& folla ksidfjks fcdrikaflda ;dl+¾ ndß h Èia fõ' iy wjika yqiau fmdo jd;,hg tla ì;a;s w,xldr lsß.re~ leghñka lsÍu ^1941 wf.daia;= 7& fuu N+ñfha ks¾ñ;h' by<ska msysá f.ìï u; isÿùu ksñ;s fldg ;df.darhkag ol=fKa uqÿfka msysá i|¿;, iu.ska my;g fmï lrk rislhkaf.a úfYaI ia:dkhla njg Èfjk msh.eg fm< bÈßmiska È.= wd,skaohla m;aù ;sfí' ;df.darhkag Wreufhka ,enqKq olakg ,efí' ukaÈrh wo rîkaøkd;a Ndr;Sh úYajúoHd, tu ku fh§ we;af;a fomiska msysá fcdard ^,S& mSGhg fjkaù we;s w;r tys lsúhdf.a Wm;a ikaflda ^md,ï& folla ye¢kaùug fhdok jpk ixj;airh fjkqfjka ixialD;sl jev igyka

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rîkaøkd;a ;df.darhka ks¾udKh l< l,d;aul ksfhdackhla

The Jorasanko house is a vast, rambling congeries of mansions and rooms, representing the whims of many generations.

– Edward Thompson uehs-cqks 2015

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ixúOdkh lsÍu iy l,d W;aij" wndka fï,d" ixúOdkh lsÍu isÿ flf¾' úydrhlg wvq jákdlula Bg fkdfokq ms‚i ukaÈrhg we;=¿ ùfï§ ieuf.a mdjyka bj;a lsÍu úOdkhls' fuu ukaÈrh o¾YkSh fl!;=ld.drhla f,ig mßj¾;kh lr ;sfí' fï úfYaI ft;sydisl f.dvke.s,a, lrd ixpdrh lrkq ms‚i uu ;j;a Èkl meñ‚fhñ' ieuúgu mdfya isÿjk whqßka" ud msh.eg fm< k.sk úg" úl¾K ie,iqula wkqj jQ lsß.re~ we;sß,a, uf.a fomhg háka ;sfnkq fm‚ks" thska ud fjk;a hq.hlg f.k .shd jekak' i|¿;,fha isg yd;ami neÆ l< Èiajkafka fï lsúhdf.a <ud ld,h f.jqKq whqrehs' yßhgu ú,shï j¾âiaj¾;a fukau Tyqf.a m<uq .=rejrhd jQfha iajNdj O¾uhhs" ;df.darhka tu o¾Ykh ;u ,shqï ;=<ska m%lg lf<a wehs hkak ug jegys‚' Wie;s .ia ljq¿ wrd isá w;r leo,s j,ska wd isfhd;a kdoh fkdkej;Su ke.s‚' yqol,d mqxÑ orejd ^nd, rîkaø& iajNdj O¾uh ;u ñ;=rd lr f.k tys fYdaNk;ajh meÈ yd .eÈ njg fmrÆfhah'

jfï( ;dl+¾ ndß ys ;ekam;a lr we;s ;df.darhkaf.a Wvqlh m%;sudjla

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fcdrikaflda ;dl+¾ ndß ms<sn| jeäuk;a f;dr;=re i÷od yer wka Èkj, újD;hs" fmrjre 10 isg miajre 5 olajd wdf,dal iy y~ ixo¾Yk fkdjeïnrfha isg ckjdß( miajre 6 isg 7'40 olajd fmnrjdß isg cqks( miajre 7 isg 8'40 olajd

by<( fcdrikaflda ;dl+¾ ndß j¾. óg¾ 35000 la mqrd me;sr ;sfí

ì;a;s mqrd wrd isák Ñ;% iy fl!;=ld.drfha PdhdrEm fmr fi!Nd.Hu;a Njk ;=kla hq.hl l;dka;rhla lshd mdhs' fnx.d,fha lsúhdf.a iïNdjkdj lshd mdk mqkreÊÔjk uq,a Ñ;% 40 la muK fuys fõ' hq.h" ;df.da¾ fl!;=ld.drfha Njka ;=klau mjq, iy lsúhd fnx.d,fha mqk¾Ôjkh f.k fjkqfjka fjka yer olajkakg fjka lr ;sfí" ù ;sfí ;df.da¾ mjq, iy lúhd ms<sn| fl!;=l oiqkao Bgu tla fõ' m<uqfjka" uu ;df.darhka ish Ôú; ld,fha úúO wÈhr j,§ ;s<sK ,o wkq.%yh foi úu¾Ykd;aulj is;a fhduñka tla tla Ñ;%fhka Ñ;%hg udre jqfkñ' mer‚ w;amsgm;a" fmd;a" iÕrd iy ;eá tl;=jla msßiqÿj fuys ;ekam;ah' ud B<Õg lEu fj; msh ke.Sñ' th Tyqf.a mjq,g( wd;d" ldurh fj; heú‚' we¢ rys; mqgq lsysmhla oaj¾lkd;a uydßIs¦ ifydaorhd" §fmakaøkd;a iys;j úYd, l¿ meye jákd oejuh fïihla ;df.da¾ iy nEKd" wnkSkaøkd;a ;df.da¾ tys wrla f.k isà' hdno ldur ;df.darhka i|yd fjka jQjls' f;jekafkka" ye¢ we÷ï lsysmhla m%o¾Ykh i|yd ;nd mqkreÊÔjk hq.h ksrEmKh jqKq ;sfnk whqre uf.a fk; .eá‚' w;r whsYaj¾ pkaø úoHdid.¾ fï ukaÈrfha my<g hoa§ —iekalagï iy oaj¾lkd;a ;df.da¾ jeks iekalafgdreï˜ yuqfõ - ta ;df.darhka fnx.d,fha úYsIag fm!reIhka wjika yqiau fy,Q ia:dkhhs' keúh yels Ñ;=hg k.d ;sì‚' ;sr iys; fodrj,a ug we;=,a jkakg bv ÿka ud tys .; l< ld,h ;=<ska w;r ud ksi, lf<ah' ud jgd iduh me;sÍ lreKq iaj,amhla bf.k .;a;d" ;sfí' thska ke.=Kq wdf,dalh wdl¾IŒh fuu .ufka i,dlhla f,iska" jQ ksid uf.a yoj; ;df.darhkaf.a lúhl uu ldâm;a iy wkqrE lsysmhla joka w;r isr lr ùh" —b;ska ud fï Èúhg ñ,§ f.k ;df.darhkaf.a ix.S;h wdorh lrk ksid" ud urKhgo wdorh l< uf.a yojf;a m%;srdj fokakg bv hq;= nj yefÕa'˜ tuksid" uu fojk Njk ;nd .;sñ'

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iSudj wyi

;rï Wihs

ñihs,a ;dlaIKfha§ wdpd¾h fgiS f;dauia iu.dó fkdjk id¾:l;ajhlska wyi úksúo .sfhah

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weh WoEik 6 g wjÈ fjhs" weú§ug hhs" .Ks;h iy úoHdj i|yd ;snQ wef.a <ud ld,fha rEmjdyskS jev igykaj,g fk;a fhduhs' wdydr wdYdj ;srejdkkaomqrï ys ;=ïnd frdlÜ Èh;a msishs' wef.a úfõl fõ,djkays§ neäñkagka iy lsÍfï uOHia:dkfha wOHdmk pdßldjlg wehj fpia l%Svd lrhs' kuq;a wef.a jvd;au m%sh;u fhduq l< w;r th ieneúkau wkq.%dyl iajrEmhla úfkdaodxYhla jkafka WoHdk md,khhs' orñka wehj fï lafIa;%h lrd fhduq ta idudkH bkaÈhdkq ldka;djlf.a lr ,Sh' weh ;dlaIKfõ§ Wmdêh;a weh ld¾hd,fha Ôú;fha wx. nj fmkS hkafka kuq;a úoHdm;s Wmdêh;a ,en úÿ,s bxðfkare Èklg meh wdpd¾h fgiS f;dauia ksielfhkau jßhla jQ w;r wef.a úoHdm;s Wmdêhg 10-12 la w;s úfYaI pß;hls' weh ld¾hd,fha yodrk ,oafoa wdrlaIl m¾fhaIK ;rï jvd;au Èklg meh 10-12 la ;rï .; lrhs" iy ixj¾Ok ixúOdkh u.ska n,iïmkak jvd;au n,iïmkak úkdYldÍ wdhqO wkq.%yh oelajQ ud¾f.damfoaYs; ñihs, úkdYldÍ wdhqO lsysmhla ms<sn|j jev lrhs' w.aksmq;%S mdGud,djhs' 1988 § weh wdrlaIl lsysmhla ms<sn|j ^.sks Èh‚h& f,i jvd;a ckm%sh weh m¾fhaIK iy ixj¾Ok ixúOdkh jev lrhs 2009 w.aks 5 lsf,daóg¾ 5000 ñihs,fha fj; ne÷Kq w;r yhsødndoa kqjr jHmD;s wOHlaIjßh úh' yhsødndofha wdrlaIl m¾fhaIK iy ixj¾Ok Wiia moaO;s ridhkd.drfha mÈxÑj isáñka" wdpd¾h ixúOdk ridhkd.drfha msysgqï ,enqjdh' blaì;sj f;dauia w.aks 3 lsf,daóg¾ 3000 ñihs,fha wdY%s; hd;%dlrK iy ud¾f.damfoaYk lKavdhï iu. jHmD;s wOHlaI OQrh iy w.aks 4 i|yd jHdmD;ss tlaj jev lsÍu werUqjdh' —wk;=rej th wkq.%yh wOHlaI OQrh orhs' Wmojk /lshdjla njg m;a jQjd" wjia:dj;a

bka§h ckrc Èk fm<md,sfhka w.aks 5 ñihs,fhys wdlD;shla

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jfï isg Trf,daiq uqyK q f;a Èidjg( foaYk fY%‚ a hl§ isyj s gkhla ,nñka iyDohka iu. ieye,a¨‍ fudfyd;la .; lrñka" ,d,a ny¥¾ Ydia;S% cd;sl iïudk W;aijfha§

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w;a lr f.k isáhs' id¾:l;ajh iy wid¾:l;ajh iyDohkaf.ka iy fcHIaGhkaf.ka ,enqKq m%udKj;a iyfhda.h;a ksid" tys m%;sM,hla f,i wef.a Ôú;fha /,a, njg m;a ù ;sfí' —Tyq újD; Ndjh;a lKavdhï iu. jev lsÍfï .=Kh;a y÷kajd ud È.= ÿr ñihs, moaO;s i|yd ie,iqïldßhl ÿkakd" wdrlaIl m¾fhaIK iy ixj¾Ok ixúOdkh jqKd˜ weh mjihs' ;=< wm ish¨‍ fokdg m%lg N+ñldjla jqKd"˜ wdpd¾h j¾;udkfha§" wdpd¾h f;dauia wdrlaIl f;dauia mjihs' m¾fhaIK iy ixj¾Ok ixúOdkfha Wiia wehf.a b,a¨‍u iys; jD;a;sh wkqj fkdhd moaO;s ridhkd.drfha wOHlaI OQrh fydnjhs' weh Ôú;h ;=<ska ksjerÈ ld¾hhka iy Ôjkh w.aks ñihs,a lKavdhfï fldgialdßhl fjñka" w;r iunr;djh fidhd f.k ;sfí' —Ôú;h weh ñihs, moaO;s wdlD;slrKh iy wkqlrK bÈßhg wefooa§ hful=g /lshdj mÍlaIK j,g w; foñka kshe,S iy ksji w;r iunr;djh y÷kd isáhs' —uf.a /lshdfõ uq,a wÈhf¾§" .ekSug wjia:djla tkjd" th wm ish¨‍u ;dlaI‚l iudf,dapkj,g wehf.a b,a¨‍u úiska id¾:lj ch.%yKh l< miqj ud odhl;ajh oelajQjd" th ug iys; jD;a;sh Ôú;h myiq iy m%S;su;a tlla fjkjd"˜ jvd;a fyd¢ka moaO;sh wjfndaO wkqj fkdhd wdpd¾h f;dauia woyia yqjudre lr .kS' lr .ekSug wdOdrhla jQjd"˜ weh Ôú;h wehf.a id¾:l;ajhg mjqf,ka ,enqKq hkqfjka miq.sh j¾I 27 la mqrd ;=<ska ksjerÈ iyfhda.h jeo.;a ;ekla .kakd w;r wdrlaIl m¾fhaIK iy ixj¾Ok ld¾hhka iy weh wiSre wjia:dj,g uqyqK ÿka nj ixúOdkhg jev lrk Ôjkh w;r ms<s.ekSug ;rï ksy;udkShs" wehf.a wdpd¾h f;dauia mejiSh' iunr;djh mq;d mdie,a hk wjÈfha;a ieñhd / ug fõokdjla fyda fidhd f.k lshdfjka fjk;a ia:dkhlg .sh m%fudaohla we;s jqKq ;sfí wjia:dj;a weh isys lrhs' —kuq;a wjia:djka t<UqKd" ug ish,a, fyd¢ka l<ukdlrKh lr ta m%Yak ksrdlrKh .;a;d" f;acdia" uf.a mq;=" wjfndaOd;aul iy lr .kakg wjYH ffO¾hh foñka iyfhda.d;aul pß;hla' Tyq uE;§ bxðfkare ug wjia:dj i,id ÿkafka wdrlaIl Wmdêh iïmQ¾K l<d"˜ weh fy<s lrhs' m¾fhaIK iy ixj¾Ok ixúOdkh wehg ,enqKq fjk;a iïudk w;r uE;l§ hs'˜ weh woyia tl;= lrhs' ,enQ 2014 jhs kdhqoïu wkqiaurK iïudkh wdpd¾h ta mS fÊ wíÿ,a l,dïf.a ,enqfKa ñihs,a ;dlaIKh fjkqfjka wef.a b,lal.; m%fõYh ;=<k s a wkq.y % h odhl;ajh fjkqfjks' ,en weh ia:djr Ôjk ú,dihla

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