Marlborough -Building communities by Indra Ko

Marlborough.

Building Communities. By UrbanDutch.

Preface Before you lies the report researching the possibilities to make Marlborough livelier and more social. This report has been made by five Dutch students from NHTV University of applied sciences Breda. We hope this report will provide new ideas, inspiration and a different point of view on the challenges Marlborough is currently dealing with. We would like to thank our teachers: Paul van de Coevering, Robert van Dongen, Ineke SpapĂŠ and Olga Russell. They gave us very useful feedback on all of our products and helped us reach a higher level. We would also like to thank Greg, who came to the Netherlands and explained to us what exactly the situation is in Calgary and what the cultural differences are. We wish you much pleasure reading our report. Indra Kooge Charline Dielen Maam van der Blij Karin Steijvers Nick van Well

Index

• Preface

• Index

• Summary

• Introduction

• Urban Dutch

• Exploring Marlborough

Commission SWOT

• Concepting

New direction Human Streets Lively Hubs Active Neighbourhood Concept choice Core concept

• Research & Design

• Our Vision Statement on Marlborough

• Structural Design Challenge Goal Predesign

9 12

14 15 16 17 18 19

• Building Blocks

• Planning & Execution

• Conclusion

• Bibliography

General Partnerships Communication Plan Safety Strategy Back Alleys Main Roads Cul-de-sacs

Pilot Phase Timeline

24 25 27

30 31 32 33 36 44 53

60 61

Summary This is a report on how Marlborough can become a thriving, lively and social neighborhood again. After doing the necessary (literary) research, it became clear that there are three main concepts that will change most challenges Marlborough has. These concepts are human streets, lively hubs and active community. Through a multicriteria analysis, the human streets concept proved most useful to Marlborough. The concept was tested in the next phase on vice subjects: identity, social cohesion, car dependency, places for wellbeing and human scale. The results have been combined into the final report, which aims to combine the best of every measure proposed. The end result is a structural design. The structural design consists out of three building blocks and an overall plan for Communication plan, Safety Strategy, and public-private Partnerships The first building block is about removing the back alleys, and building half underground parking garages there instead. This removes the problems of the back alleys and gives residents more back yard in return.

The second building block is about combining various means on transport and redesigning the streets in Marlborough. There will be less space for the car, but more space for cyclists and pedestrians, and the streets will become more attractive. The third building block will make sure there are more facilities in Marlborough while strengthening the community. This is done by transforming the cul-de-sacs. The most important aspect of the plan is the involvement of Marlboroughâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s residents. It is key to making the plan work, and be loved by the community. Urban Dutch, building communities.

Introduction Urban Dutch has been asked by the City of Calgary to define a conceptual plan for the caroriented neighbourhood of Marlborough. Room of improvement concerning the quality of life has been defined as: accessibility by different modes, social interaction and a community feeling. This document functions as final report to be proposed to the City of Calgary. In our second meeting with the city of Calgary, where we discussed our first findings and concepts, individual proposals were made for key subjects. All the best aspects of the concepts were combined and this report shows how all these proposals were formed into three building blocks. The first part of this document provides a brief summary of Exploring Marlborough, Concepting and Research & Design. From this summary the reader can derive how the concept was developed. Subsequently, the structural design is shown and described. This is followed by specific explanations for each building block that compose the structural design.

The selected concept focuses on a certain area within the suburban neighbourhood Marlborough. The street profile of Maryvale Road NE is taken as main location for which the challenges are tackled. An overall plan is derived for communication, partnerships and safety strategies together with three main building blocks aiming to balance orgware, software and hardware measures. The concept contains packages of wide ranging measures: • Back Alleys - Providing safe underground parking spaces, which are accessible for residents only • Main Roads - Prioritizing non-motorized traffic and downscaling the space for cars • Cul-de-sacs - Planning to improve social cohesiveness and livability of public space Marlborough will become a vibrant, lively neighbourhood made for people!

Urban Dutch will make sure that the space will be designed for humans instead. To do this, three building blocks have been defined. In order to effectively tackle the challenges of the building blocks three different types of measures (hardware, software and orgware) have been balanced and worked out for each theme.

Urban Dutch Urban Dutch is a young consultancy firm. The multidisciplinary character and experience on local, national and international level assures our individual and collective values. Revitalizing neighbourhoods is a key activity within our organization. By implementing inviting measures, we aim to increase the social status of neighbourhoods and cities. Our goal is to create a safe and secure community for every neighbourhood we come across. Striving for social interaction, human scale, positive identity building and safety are key components of the road to successful community building.

Educational background: - Management, Economics and Laws - Urban design Experience: City government of Breda: - Redevelopment plan, property Wolfslaar in Breda Expertise: - Grafic design Responsibilities: - CAD drawing - 3D creations and rendering - Research

Educational background: - Spatial planning Experience: City government of Maastricht: - Landscape architecture City government of Veldhoven: - Spatial planning Expertise: - Spatial planning - Urbanism Responsibilities: - Concept building - Conceptual design

Urban Dutch

Educational background: - Urban design - History - Event technology Experience: Bo.2: - Architecture - Urban design Ă&#x2013;s Design Consulting - Architecture - Urban design - Landscape architecture Berman Creative: - Interiour design - Construction work Expertise: - Concept building - Redeveloping urban areas - Creating places for people - Management Responsibilities: - Implementing design - Middle man - Presentation

Educational background: - International traffic management Experience: GTM: - Research on Dutch and British management procedures

Educational background: - International logistics and engineering - International logistics and economics Experience: Le Champion: - Execution of urban sports events

Keolis: - Research on combined mobility

Datacount: -Inventory of public transport infrastructure

NHTV - Parking management - Transit - oriented development - Sustainable urban mobility planning - Event logistics - Traffic management

NHTV: - Green city distribution

Expertise: - Mobility - Transit - oriented development - Sustainable urban mobility planning Responsibilities: - Improving active transportation - Promoting combined mobility - Change traffel behaviour

Expertise: - Finance and organisation - City logistics - Binary coding - Lean six sigma: yellow belt - Simulation forcast Responsibilities: - Ghost writing - Financial advice

Exploring Marlborough

Exploring Marlborough Commission The city of Calgary aims to improve its infrastructure with a strong emphasis on pedestrian and cycle infrastructure. With the upcoming development project West Village downtown Calgary will be enlarged. To relieve the city centre’s high volumes of traffic and people flows, and boost economic activity outside downtown Calgary, opportunities are available to create community centres in the suburban areas. This could improve the liveliness and attractiveness of the neighbourhood for residents, visitors and local businesses. The economic and social value of such neighbourhoods could undergo an accelerated growth. Revitalizing suburbs by adding more functions to residential areas is key for Calgary’s policy. Additionally, development of the city’s high technology and sustainable energy could foster economic growth. The Municipal Development Plan (MDP) contains the longer-term vision of Calgary thus it covers where the city wants to be in 2020. The Action Plan 2015-2018 is the short-term strategy supporting directly The MDP and focusing on prosperity, inspiring neighbourhoods, people and goods flows, health, nature and a well-run government.

Active neighbourhoods and the municipality of Calgary want us to be free as possible in creating a conceptual design for Marlborough. The main goal of Active Neighbourhoods is making cycling and walking easier and more enjoyable through the implementation of physical measures We are allowed to change the whole layout of Marlborough. This freedom is typical for the Calgary’s policy as progressive and renewing projects turned out to be the municipality’s most successful developments of the past decade. With partners of the city of Calgary, Active neighborhoods, Safer Calgary and the Safe and Smooth Project: Marlborough, a ‘grey’ suburban neighborhood in the northern part of Calgary, has been appointed as plan area. Marlborough is a suburban neighborhood built in the sixties and seventies, 10 km North East of downtown Calgary. It faces several challenges as you will discover. The overall challenge is to find a way to improve the livability and connectivity of the community for people who live, work and visit there.

The question that the city of Calgary and its partners need answers for three main parts: • What measures can be taken to retrofit this suburban neighborhood and increase spatial quality to create more human centered spaces. • What can be done to enhance neighborhood social interaction and build pride and activity in the community? • What can be done to enable people to meet their daily needs (for work, shopping, leisure, education, etc.) by active modes of transportation and reduce car dependence? Take into account hardware, software and orgware measures and their synergies. As consultancy firm, we need to take budget and time as indicators for the feasibility of this project. The vision of the client needs to be the focal point during the whole project period, which is improving the livability of the area, and creating a balanced environment for living, working and recreating, regarding active citizen involvement requisite. In short, the client asks us to realize a neighbourhood all stakeholders can be proud of.

Exploring Marlborough Swot Placing all swot analyses together for the five research topics, it was noticed that a lot of key points correlated. The first correlated topic was community. Especially in Strength, community seemed to be the key component. There seems to be willingness to be active in the community, and the existing community centre seems to be the centre of this topic. However, because of the current means the people in Marlborough cannot act on this willingness, which translates into an opportunity for the future. The second corresponding topic is space, which currently has its down and upsides. The space in Marlborough is mostly wide and big, several green areas are present and as well as sidewalks. However, the big spaces encourage anonymity and bring down the social interaction, which than again, links to community. The space is mainly built for cars and even though there is a sidewalk, it is small, and the connections are dangerous. The last topic to be seen in every single swot is place, how space mentions the current infrastructural surface, with place the current activities are outlined. In Marlborough the is now hardly anything to do, there is a big mall and a community centre, which makes the neighbourhood more or less a sleeping city. Nevertheless, the different researches show, that a lot of people stay in Marlborough.

Exploring Marlborough Swot Strengths

Weaknesses

• • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • • • • • •

Strong community spirit Community centre Seniors Less movers Sidewalks Webpage Citizen involvement Recreational activities Art garbage bins Garbage bin locations Safety & cleanliness backstreets

Car status symbol Car habbit Non-english Low education High crime Low income Liveliness Lacking functions Street dimensions Human Experience Neglected public space Monotone economy Visual recognition points

Opportunities

Threats

• • • • • • • • • • • •

• • • • • • • • •

Participating citizens Public transport Unemployment Backstreets Green areas Community centre Public space Cul-de-sacs Place satisfaction Art Add functions Landmarks

Due to the high unemployment rate and many families, there can be opportunities to get those people to interact within their neighbourhood. This can only happen though, when there are enough means for the people in Marlborough to actually interact with each other. Looking at the overall swot, all points can be placed within Space, Place and Community. These three points are also interconnected with each other, increasing one’s current status, the others will most likely have a positive effect from that as well. This creates the conclusion that the focal points of this project are in fact, Space, Place and Community.

Sceptical government Lack of housing typology Lack of human scale Ageing population Lack of communal activities No affiliation with public space Private ownership ‘sleep town’ Local business involvement Companies offering products or services

Concepting New direction To come to an integral and innovative plan for Marlborough, Urban Dutch started the concept phase with a brainstorm session.

From the three visuals, a short concept proposition was defined to outline the core value of each concept. The propositions are:

During this session each idea was considered valuable and interesting. As a result, a large amount of ideas was gathered, ranging from involving the citizens to urban farming to destroying Marlborough.

â&#x20AC;˘ Human streets: redesigning the street profile, with more space for non-motorized transport, safer underground and on-street parking and more social control on the backstreets

The ideas and measures were then divided over the three focal points that came forth from the exploration phase: space, place and community. Also, each point was marked as either a hardware measure, a software measure or an orgware measure.

â&#x20AC;˘ Lively hubs: realize a transition from public spaces, such as cul-de-sacs, the mall area and parks, with a lack of interaction and identity towards more inviting, comfortable, multi-use and safe places to recreate â&#x20AC;˘ Active neighbourhood: redevelop the community centre into a physical, more transparent and inviting landmark with separated bike and walking infrastructure, attractive platform for bottom-up design and recreation initiatives, and above all a place to meet for all residents.

Concepting Human Streets The concept Human Streets focuses on large, empty and unused spaces. Those need to be transformed into a human friendly environment with less focus on motorized traffic and more focus on slow moving traffic. To accomplish this the sidewalks need to be larger, bike lanes need to be implemented, the street has to be broken up to a smaller space and adding several public green areas is wanted. The problem of the unsafe back alleys will be solved by transforming them from a public accessible road to a semi – private underground parking garage. This also creates bigger back gardens and gives the possibility to trade that space for a couple of meters of front garden. Improving the space of Marlborough will be done in several steps. Looking at the cross-section of a general street, multiple changes were made: • The street is split up in two • The non-standard parking has been shifted to the middle of the street instead of at the side • The back alleys are removed and that space is given to the connected back yards • A small amount of space is removed from the front yard to create a wider sidewalk and integrate a bicycle lane Effects: • A safer community • More social control • Social cohesion by smaller streets

Concepting Lively Hubs In Marlborough there are several spaces that were planned as places. These are the mall area, cul-de-sacs and the several functionless recreational green areas. By redeveloping those empty spaces into functional places that are inviting, the public space will be used by people again and transforms Marlborough into a lively neighbourhood. From empty spaces to filled and functional places. The following changes will be made: • The parks will get clear entrances and cycle/ walking paths within them. • The mall area must be completely redeveloped into small shops with human centered spaces. • The C-Train station will be redeveloped to a multifunctional area with retail. • The cul-de-sacs are changed from a place to sleep to a place to stay. Effects: • The parks are now the centre of social interaction. • The mall area has been made into a more comfortable and inviting place. • The elderly flats create more diversity in the area as well as decreases the social exclusion of elderly. • Social interaction in cul-de-sacs is improved.

Concepting Active Neighbourhood The basis for a stronger community in Marlborough is to strengthen its heart, the community centre. This will be the start for a friendlier neighbourhood. By transforming the façade of the building, it will have a more inviting character. The programmes of the community centre must become more diverse and residents of Marlborough must have more freedom to explore and develop themselves in the community centre. Changes: • The community centre will be redeveloped, windows will be created and the main door will be put in the front in the building. • At the road infrastructure in front of the community centre the car is discouraged and the focus lays on walking and biking. • A space is set aside for bicycle parking. In front of the building playground facilities are put in. • Next to the centre picnic tables are placed for summer events. They also have a view on the sports facilities used for communal games. Effects: • The new design of the community centre building will be more attractive as well as inviting and comfortable • The centre sends a message to the neighbourhood that encourages bike use • The space around the centre is turned into a place where people can organize events and children can play with each other, which increases the social cohesion

Concepting Concept choice To choose one of the concepts, selection criteria were defined. This clarifies the reasoning behind the selection process and forms a foundation of key values to build upon in the upcoming phases. The concept is chosen based on factors that have the aim to balance the demand and wishes of the residents as well as the ones of the public and private organizations to advance the likelihood of political and commercial support. The STEEP method is used to categorize the selection criteria. The T for Technological is left out, because it was concluded that Technological developments were not closely related to the challenges Marlborough faces. For each of the remaining categories two main criteria were defined that reflect all points of interest for all stakeholders (residents, private and public organizations). The selection criteria, which were derived from the brainstorm sessions amongst the Urban Dutch consultants, are ranked with use of the scale 1-5. 1= poor connection 2= fair connection 3= good connection 4= very good connection 5= excellent connection Based on the selection criteria, the concept â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Human streetsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; scores the highest number of points, with a 4,375 on average.

Multi-Criteria Analysis

Concepting Core concept The concept tackles multiple challenges simultaneously: lack of social cohesion and identity building, (social feeling of) unsafety on the back alleys, hardly any human interaction on the street. The transformation of the cul-de-sacs into vibrant public spaces, the core of the concept ‘Lively hubs’, becomes an additional part of the ‘Human streets’ concept. The strength of this design characteristic is that eye contact on this narrow street profile could foster social interaction and create a better sense of place identification. With this concept the emphasis does not lie on the destination but on the doormat from which residents have to start changing their behavior based on a new layout in terms of physical and non-visible elements behind the concept. It stimulates the change of lifestyle. An additional benefit of this concept is the level of applicability to suburban areas in the whole of North America, as the street profile is characteristic for not only Calgary’s suburbs. Therefore, Marlborough and Calgary as a city can set a progressive example for other comparable areas. At all times it is important that community involvement is integrated in the different design stages and the overall time planning covers hardware, orgware and software measures that support each other and strengthen the effectiveness of the concept when implemented.

Research & Design Introduction

Identity

Places for wellbeing

The previously derived three focus points are converted into five main themes after more extensive literature research was conducted to get a clearer picture on the current situation of Marlborough. From all the focal points three main focus groups derived: Human Streets, Lively Hubs and Active neighbourhoods.

The main location of the ‘Human streets’ concept is the street profile of Marlborough. It is characterized by the backstreets, private space and the main street. The research carried out on theory and case studies on successful identity building is used as background information and additional research. The key challenges are: • Lack of social interaction on the streets • Barely shared green space on street level • Evident unemployment rate • Lack of high-quality cycle and walk infrastructure • Car-dependent lifestyle • No distinct street character • Lack of social control on the back streets

The loose ends in Marlborough can be tight together by implementing several small developments to improve the wellbeing of its residents. If there are inviting non - motorized traffic lanes added to the streets, these will get divided up more, resulting in a saver space for all traffic.

The themes are: Identity, Places for wellbeing, Density & Living, Social cohesion and Car dependency. By researching other successful places, how they work and how people interact in those places, we have created guidelines for successful redevelopment. This new knowledge has been used in the designs for the structural design.

An improved identity could boost visitor flows, media attention, and economic value. Not only the physical elements are necessary to build upon the current identity, also underlying policies, programmes and behavior plays a major role. The unique character of the physical design needs to be ensured at all times. Citizen involvement and stakeholder participation during all stages has to be included. The longterm objective should be strived for at all times. The sequence of the planning phases of nonmotorized traffic are essential to follow up to in the first place create a basic safe network before application of other measures. Lastly, local economy involvement in any development will increase chances on commercial growth.

Public greenery can make or break an area. When public green is added in the right way, these divided traffic lanes get even more saver and the street have a smaller feel to them. This results in less speeding, more inviting area for non - motorized traffic and people tend to use the public space more often and thus getting more social. Also problematic areas need to be tackled, like transforming the back alleys. By transforming these people can have bigger back yards, a saver way to park their cars and get rid of the dangerous areas surrounding their houses that bother residents. And lastly adding the building block connecting private and public, people will have a closer connection with the street, both physical and mental. Social safety is improved and people tend to get more social with each other because they see each other more often.

Research & Design Density & Living

Social cohesion

Car dependency

In order to create a good foundation for a new design of the streets in Marlborough, places all around the world have been studied. Tassafaronga Village, Hoi an, Madrid, Hong Kong, Copenhagen, Maasvlakte 2 and Sydney. The following points are a combination of all focus points, from all the different study areas: • Public spaces • Social control • Slow traffic infrastructure • Transforming roads to public spaces • Safer routing • Multifunctional areas • Improved public transport • Mix of classes

This report focused on creating social cohesion related to the chosen concept. As the concept was already created without any community involvement it was rather a challenge to have ideas on improving the social cohesion, as involvement is the most important asset in projects like these. Also because the hardware measures themselves are already focusing on improving the social cohesion, the points in this report will boost these measures instead of creating a new strategy.

The parking garages will remove the unattractive and unsafe back alleys and give the residents more back yard in return. Seeing that an average parking garage in Marlborough would cost about two million dollars, the feasibility of these garages is very questionable. The garages don’t really solve the problem of car dependency.

Those focus points are transformed into so called ‘building blocks’. Using building blocks is a way to combine different elements into one design. Those blocks are like LEGO bricks. When stacked the right way, they will form a strong structure. The following building blocks are created: • No street parking • Pavement • Greenery • Bicycle lanes • Furniture With these changes and by stacking these building blocks, the public space will be enlarged, slow traffic infrastructure will be improved, routes will be safer for pedestrians and cyclists and the amount of social control will rise.

This report deviates on the involvement that could still be created before, during and after implementation of the project. Added value for all sides comes back as well when viewing the total concept in relation to social cohesion. The new street profile should create a better opportunity for social interaction, it lessens the anonymity, which is a main cause of social isolation. The ideas on increasing the social cohesion ensures the community gets to know and respect each other more. It will hopefully change habits and therefor the inhabitants of Marlborough will hopefully make use of the changed infrastructure to indeed live less anonymous. This ultimately creates a Marlborough where the people are the focus, anonymity decreased which makes Marlborough safer and more social.

Certain aspects of the roads will change no matter what: broader sidewalks, trees and bike and bus routes on certain routes. The residents of each street can decide what the new roads will look like, within the boundaries. This also makes sure that the streets will look different from each other, which creates identity. The residents will feel more responsible for something they created themselves. Car dependency is also caused by far away destinations. Placing more facilities throughout the neighborhood and adding bike paths along main routes will cause a significant decrease in route length for many people in Marlborough, and this will make it possible for many people to start thinking about walking or cycling there. Schools can be involved in this as well. The parks could be made far more attractive by adding trees, walking routes and other elements like water. These will make sure there is diversity within and between the parks. All of these measures will promote walking and cycling.

Our Vision Statement on Marlborough Marlboroughâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s obsolete layout needs to transform from a car friendly area towards an human friendly area. Transforming from an area where people only live towards an area where people can fulfill all their daily needs, live, work and recreation are key in this mindset. To let this succeed the neighborhood has to build towards becoming a community, instead of the residents of Marlborough all living on their own private island. To create this several spacial obsolete designs need to transform. The roads need to be transformed into street, like giving space to pedestrians and cyclists. This will change the behavior of the residents, because people will use what is given to them. Also getting rid of the street parking and the way the back alleys are used, that makes them unattractive. attract crime and sometimes even dangerous. By redesigning the back alleys in a different kind of way, most of the street parking can be moved to the back alleys. Hitting two birds in one stone if this is designed in a correct fashion. Lastly we need to bring different kinds of small scale functions, besides living, inside Marlborough. Currently people have to move outside of Marlborough to tend to most of their needs, not only making Marlborough a sleep town but also causing unnecessary traffic movements with all the negative effects that come along with it, on a time, economic, environmental scale etc. This can be solved by bringing small

BUILDING

Our Vision Statement on Marlborough and local businesses into Marlborough around the cul-de-sacs. The cul-de-sacs are spread out all over Marlborough and thus can function like small centers within the neighborhoods. Also the new cul-de-sacs with the businesses will create work for the residents and a place for the residents to meet up and use for recreation.

COMMUNIT

IES

All these changes will transform Marlborough from a sleep town into a neighborhood that stands on its own. Where residents used to participate in the rat race full on, fleeing their neighborhood, being stuck in traffic for 30 minutes or so, trying to get to work on time, on the other side of town, only to repeat this entire process several hours later. With these transformations they can now leave their homes later and walk to work. During their walk they will see their neighbors, pick up some fresh breakfast or lunch from the small shops, without being nervous about being late for work. Marlborough can be transformed from space where houses are, to a place where homes are. A small town on its own within a big city, where people can truly live their lives.

Structural Design Challenge This projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s main goal is to improve the quality of life in the suburban neighbourhood Marlborough. Quality of life has here been defined as: accessibility of daily needs, social interaction and a community feeling. Having done extensive research on Marlborough and the key issues in the North American culture, it was discovered that the main issue is lack of action coming from the community in Marlborough. There is currently an existing community feeling in Marlborough, however, there is nothing that stimulates this feeling. This issue is caused by not only the culture, but the infrastructure as well. The entire neighbourhood is currently heavily focused on anonymity and the strong car-centered mindset. The lack of places in Marlborough is strongly emphasizing this.

Structural Design Goal Having identified the main challenge, a solution can be formed. Marlborough needs to use their community feeling efficiently, this can be done by 3 main hardware measures and supporting orgware and software measures. The hardware measures are three building blocks fitted together. Starting close to the individual, the back alleys will be redesigned. Then, the main streets will be transformed. Lastly, the cul-de-sacs are changed from a space into a place to be. Community participation is of great importance during the project. Not only the hardware measures make people more social, but also the process of building them. Due to community participation the community grows closer together, this is the reason why the project starts small within one preselected street. Urban Dutch works from bottom-up instead of the more conservative top down structure. This way the community can be involved most effectively. In this document, our bottom-up approach is visible. In the structural design is shown how implementation would look like in a small section of Marlborough, while later on the building blocks will be explained more explicitly.

Structural Design

Structural Design Predesign All these focal points have translated into a structural predesign for Marlborough. It shows how Marlborough could look like and how and why it will be improved by these developments. Creating a new and lively Marlborough. For the location of the masterplan we picked Maryvale Road NE, because of the typical suburban layout. Also the housing units are predominantly inhabited by tenants and elderly homeowners. This make it the ideal location for development in the near future.

Maryvale Rd NE

The designs have focused on three main points, named building blocks, namely back alleys, main roads and cul-de-sacs. These three design points tackle most of the problems and previous design flaws that tackling Marlborough both spatially as socially. The back alleys focuses on redesigning the unsafe and messy back alleys into new underground parking garages that are only accessible by the residents. The main roads will transform the space where people move and experience their neighborhood in a more positive way and subconsciously change the way they interact and use the public space and modes of transportation. And last but not least the cul - de sacs, will be redesigned into areaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s for and by the residents. Car free and function change are key in this redevelopment, transforming the fast and open parking spaces and living functions into a multifunctional place. Where people can work, live and recreate.

Structural Design Doorsnedes Cul-de-sac

Mainroads

Structural Design These three building blocks can be implemented independently from each other. But when these building blocks are implemented together they strengthen each other, resulting in a more livable area for people. The redesign of the typical North American suburban neighborhoods will not be focused on car usage and independent and isolating people anymore. Instead they will focus on new modes of transportation that improve the health and environment, and on building a community within the neighborhood. Improving human interaction, social control, social safety, better mental health, and example functions. Shaping a new neighborhood together, to improve all the lives of all the residents of Marlborough. Although in these redesign Marlborough is used as a case and design study, these building blocks, with minor adjustments, can be implemented in most sub - urban neighborhoods in North America that are experiencing the same problems as in Marlborough. By implementing this redesign, Marlborough can act as a pilot neighborhood to test and see what the effects will be in the neighborhood and make slight adjustments on these, together with feedback from the residents. This means that after the redesign and positive effects, Marlborough can act as an example function for not only neighborhoods in Calgary but also for other neighborhoods in North America.

Building blocks General For each building block the challenges, orgware, software and hardware measures, and effects are elaborated upon. Communication plan, safety strategy, and public-private partnerships, the software and orgware measures, are considered essential for each building block, and therefore the corresponding plans are separately explained under the header â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Building blocksâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. All measures derived from the theoretical and case study research, as referred to in the text of each type of measure. The measures Back Alleys, Main Roads and Cul-de-sacs, are hardware measures. Within each hardware measure is explained what challenges they tackle, how they work on a physical level and what resulting effects of these hardware measures are. Also described within these hardware measures are the software and orgware measures that are intertwined within these measures.

Partnerships Challenge

Solution

Effects

An effective strategy is required to stimulate the involvement of local organizations to socially, economically and environmentally vitalize the neighbourhood. It is important to create a local self-sustaining economy. Money stays within the community if it is spend locally. This minimizes the risk of a shrinking local economy and provides opportunities for commercial expansion and employment.

Corporate Social Responsibility aims to involve practices into companyâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s businesses that benefit the society. In an environmental and social perspective these organizations could make a change within their local environment. Relevant is that public-private partnerships are established to embody cooperation between political parties and the private industries.

To initiate growth of the local economy, commitment of organizations and residents is vital. Public-private partnerships trigger the involvement of local organizations in the community. Feeling like being a part of the community as organization could enhance the feeling of social cohesion.

The feeling of social cohesion could be enhanced if the local economy is involved and used by residents. Nonetheless, it is hard to attract private investors, because it is often difficult to make the social and environmental benefits tangible (International Institute of Social Studies, 2016).

The Chavasse Park in Liverpool is privately maintained and partially funded by the car park operator beneath the park. This smart partnership on involving the parking operator to contribute positively to the identity of the park is a unique piece of policy making. It is unique as the parking operator accommodates car traffic, which is the main contributor to environmental issues. Nonetheless, the organization gives in this way support to the quality of life (Ndlovu, 2016).

This way, knowledge and expertise can be exchanged more easily between organizations and the public market, and this will result in increased efficiency and a higher chance on successful developments. The more social and economic activity takes place within the local environment, the more the residents will relate to their neighbourhood and be proud of local successes. The feeling of social safety enhances indirectly as well.

A bakery or clothing store does not seem to be directly related to suburban development. However, these could highly benefit from the effects of redevelopment, socially, economically and environmentally. Such stakeholders have the power to co-decide upon topics during all project phases. But in return, the authorities could also ask for their contribution in terms of sponsor money, and voluntary work e.g. This way, the private market is involved in projects that do not seem to be related to their professional work fields.

Communication Plan Challenge

Solution

Effects

A single communication plan will be carried out for the three building blocks. Currently Marlborough is a mixed group with people from many different nationalities, not even everybody speaks English. Getting one streamlined communication plan out to the entire community is going to be challenging as the community is not a united front at the moment.

Several different ways of communication will be streamlined to get one clear message out to the community. Part of this communication is about informing, this will be done by folders, videos, posters etc.

Distributing the information will be a logistical challenge. Every inhabitant should receive the information in all languages to make sure Urban Dutch is not stepping on any toes.

The demographic data shows that there is a very wide variety between the citizens. However, certain groups did form in some ethnicities, with mainly different Asian and African heritages. Communication needs to be simple and structured to reach the community, but having such a varied community can complicate the simplicity of the communication sharing.

All these different means will be executed in three different languages, English, Arabic and Tagalog, which are the three most spoken languages in Marlborough. The research of Reitz faults the current Canadian policies, that do emphasize equal opportunities, yet do not implement it in the correct way (Reitz, n.d.). Communicating in peoplesâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; native languages increases the feeling of acceptance for the racial minority immigrants living in Marlborough and minimizes miscommunications. Besides simply informing, the communication plan also contains information meetings, where the community is able to share their opinion. The individual approach is used for these meetings. In short, every member will be invited to the meeting personally by another, more invested member of the community. This way it is the community talking to the community. The meetings will be held per block to make them more personal.

However, it is important to not overload the community with information, as the residents will be more likely to ignore all of it. As for the information meetings, it could be wise to hire a communication expert to lead these meetings.

Safety Strategy Challenge

Solution

Effects

As one of the main aims of the project is to create a safer Marlborough, it can be important to take this aim further than only the project.

To increase social safety two measures are taken: creating a social safety app and have social safety meetings in the community centre.

After implementing several measures to create a better social cohesion, the culture within Marlborough will become more open and safe.

Marlborough’s architecture and culture is based on anonymity, in practice this means that there is no social control, and thus no social safety. Moreover, there is currently a “no snitching” culture in Marlborough. This means that if someone engages in criminal activity, anyone who witnesses it, is not supposed to tell in fear of them being hurt by the said criminal.

During safety sessions the local police officers can discuss together with the inhabitants of Marlborough about what the most effective way is to keep Marlborough safe. The inhabitants get a chance to communicate their concerns while the local authority gets to inform the community what they can do to keep their community safe.

The safety sessions and community app will contribute to this by letting the community voice their concerns about safety and making it possible to alert the local authorities when their concerns become reality.

This current culture makes it very hard to actually change Marlborough’s safety situation, as the community needs to be willing to work together among themselves and with the local authority to make their Marlborough safe again.

Research has shown that the aspect of informal social control seemed to be more associated with the mental health and behavior dimensions than social cohesion and trust. Although, looking at the entire picture, the social environment does give impact on one’s emotional and physical development (Drukker, 2003). According to the research, creating social safety gives the opportunity to get social cohesion. Doing this partly at the community centre is currently a good networking experience as shown in the case of community centre “de Elegast” in Keizerslanden.

These measures will be executed throughout the entire plan. It changes peoples mindsets about the dangers of anonymity and the importance of social safety, partially through these measures and partially through the new hardware measures.

The app’s main use won’t be about safety, it will be simply about community, however an important part of the app is being able to contact the authorities in a quick and efficient way.

Back Alleys

Back Alleys Challenge

Orgware Solution

Sofware Solution

The main change in the current concept is the addition of parking garages, as well as giving people more functional back yard. The concept focuses on the problem of the back alleys in Marlborough. At this moment, cars can be parked at the sides of the road and in the back alleys. At certain moments, when most residents are at home, both sides of the main roads and back alleys are fully filled with parked cars. These are often unattractive looking, neglected, are socially unsafe and most crimes happen in these back streets, it decreases the livability of the neighborhood. The back alleys will be transformed from something negative into something positive. The European Commission for Environment points out several effects of areas like these, namely: -Visual intrusion, diminished quality of the urban environment caused by parked cars and other infrastructure. - Noise and vibration, transport is one of the main sources of urban noise pollution. - Loss of urban living space, motorized transport infrastructure- such as roads and car parking â&#x20AC;&#x201D; takes up highly valuable city centre land, and spoils and threatens existing open spaces. - Severance, congested urban roads cause severance of communities which can have a social cost. - Accidents, over 40 000 deaths on Europeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s roads/ year, of these four times more fatalities occur in urban areas. - Economic efficiency, Traffic congestion, pollution and accidents result in significant direct and indirect costs. (European Commission, N.D.)

Creating a communication plan is the first step towards setting up a monitoring plan. Objectives, targets and related indicators are consequently defined. The tangible effects, impact of the action and efficiency of the planning process are relevant to be monitored and published during the different project phases.

With parking there are some set ideas, mostly the parking garage extending the back yards while removing the back alleys.

For parking it is important that user rate and experience are evaluated upon. Also, the feeling of social control has to be examined. User experience and the feeling of social control can be evaluated by a survey that can be held online. The survey will be conducted with use of the scale 1-5 1=poor connection 2=fair connection 3=good connection 4=very good connection 5=excellent connection This way the outcomes can be translated into tangible values and progress can be more easily visualized and actively responded to if negative results become evident. The user rates can be calculated through the payment system that is installed at the entrance of each parking facility. The on-street parking occupancy can be defined through in-built pavement sensors. All the information can be gathered and published on annual basis.

Even though the plans for the parking garage were already made without community involvement, it is still possible to get some community involvement before the actual implementation. In the ladder of citizen participation, the importance of involvement is discussed as well. Involvement the way it is described in this measure fits within the tokenism part of the ladder, which means the community participates some, but are not equals to the project leaders (M.B, 1996). First, the community needs to be aware that they can be involved in the project, this will be stated the communication plan. When the final plans are drawn every individual household will be contacted and asked about details for their new garage. Each household will have various options in terms of material colours and other important details of their part of the garage and the outer part that will be visible in their back yard.

Back Alleys Hardware Solution The back alleys will disapear completely and will be replaced by a semi - underground parking facility for residents, that is only accessible by residents. By building the garages semi - underground, costs are reduced by half. This also means the main roads don’t need parking spaces anymore. Donald Shoup stated in The high cost of free parking: “Sprawl makes cities more fit for cars than people, and a nationwide fleet of motor vehicles that consumes one-eighth of the world’s total oil production. Cities would be in much better shape if planners regulated the quality, rather than the quantity, of parking spaces.(Donald Shoup, 2005) Combining with the vision formed from years of research of Jan Gehl, when offering less, people will use it less, when offering more, people will use it more.(Jan Gehl, 2010) The garage itself can be entered with an access card or mobile phone. This way, it’s a safe environment and the users know that the only other people coming there are their own neighbors. (Barry Webb, 1992) Inside these garages residents will have their own box parking, where they can park their cars and have their utility space. The entrance from and to every residents box is in their garden, and will be only accessible by the person(s) living there. This will not only create a safe area for residents

Back Alleys Hardware Solution to park their car, but it will also enlarge their backyards. This can also compensate for the measures that will take place on the main roads in front of the houses, where the front yards of the residential housing unit will be reduced, bringing public space closer to the housing units.

Back Alleys Effects By creating the parking garages, the unsafe and messy places will disapear and change into something residents can benefit from. By moving the parking spaces to the new back alleys, the street view will clear up, making it safer for pedestrians to cross the road and getting rid of the unattractive views. It will create space, which will be transformed into new public space, to make room for non - motorized traffic. This will make it a more pleasant place to be in and will make it a more enjoyable place to walk through. This way, residents will go outside more, because the atmosphere of the street changes immediately. So this means safer and more beautiful spaces. By having the parking garage underground and closed off, it will only be possible for residents to enter. As a result, crime rates will drop and a greater sense of safety will be created in the area. (Chun-Hao Tseng, 2014) Within the parking garages themselves residents will have their own large box parking unit together with storage room. These box parking units will be connected with peopleâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s private properties via stairs that go from the box unit to their backyard. Lastly the backyards will increase in size.

Back Alleys Effects • “Back alleys” are not accessible by unauthorized persons • Crime rates will drop • Bigger back yards • Larger and safer place to park cars • The car will disapear from the street view • More room in the streets • Street will feel safer • Streets will have a positive vibe to them

Main Roads

Main Roads Challenge

Orgware Solution

Sofware Solution

Marlborough’s streets are too wide, too open and too car oriented. The roads lack interaction between people and travel options other than the car. The wide open roads in the neighborhood look like race tracks now, creating an unpleasant place to be at and create a lot of dangerous situations, for example when people are trying to cross the road. The natural way of designing cities for people, according to Jan Gehl, is by focusing on human mobility and human senses. When buildings or spaces are too large, the human connection is lost. (Gehl, 2010).

Congestion levels on the roads are high, other alternatives could become competitive in terms of travel time reduction. Cycling in the city of Groningen is prioritized over other modes during bad weather conditions at the city’s main crossings. Traffic lights are equipped with rain- and snow sensors, and thus in bad weather cyclist are prioritized.(Eltis,2014).

Involvement will take place within this building block as well. All residents will be invited to involvement sessions, where they will get several hardware options to choose from. Through voting and democracy a choice will be made on which hardware option will be chosen. Of course, new input is always possible within these sessions, and options may be combined if the residents should wish so. In the case of the “13 projects” it shows the advantages of getting people involved, and letting them make decisions on things that is of importance to the Community (Pronk, F. 2016).

The infrastructure for nonmotorized traffic like biking and walking is either not inviting or nonexisting in Marlborough. The effect of this is that people hardly walk or bike and the street are deserted. People only travel by car and have no connection with the streets or public space. This makes the streets lack of social interaction and liveliness. At the moment, all streets in Marlborough look alike. There is a lack of identity. To give Marlborough that identity, the municipality of Calgary will have to work together with the residents to let them create their own space. A good thing to implement would be templates. First, the municipality decides on which roads must have which functions: bus routes, bike routes or low-traffic shared roads. Then they can make street designs with the residents living in that street, so the people living in Marlborough can decide what their street will look like.

Push and pull measures could change the residents’ travel behavior. Shorter routes for bicyclists to the mall, discount coupons for pedestrians and cyclists valid in the shops of the shopping mall, pedestrian and cyclist prioritizing traffic lights during bad weather conditions, bike parking facilities next to the entrances of the mall and other important facilities. Infrastructure policy needs to be in place in order to separate slow modes from faster modes and make the cyclists and pedestrians feel safe. If cyclists and pedestrians are rewarded and feel prioritized they will feel more appreciated in their environment. A monitoring plan is required to measure traffic flows. The aim is to increase the use of nonmotorized traffic. This will contribute to adding more value to the neighbourhood. Besides numbers about movements, noise and air pollution can be suitable indicators of improved quality. The changes can be measured and published on a yearly basis, letting the residents experience the growth in quality.

Besides involvement, responsibility is given to the community as well. Within this measure, there are two different forms of common goals/communal responsibility. One is directly involved with the project, after having discussed the possibilities with the hired contractor, the community can be given the responsibility to do a part of the construction work and receive the money for the work done. This money can be spent on objects for the public space or the community centre. The other common goal will be creating their own identity. The community will be given the means and money to create Marlborough’s identity in the public space. Options are putting in tiles with the same color every few feet, or creating mosaic benches. The community will, however, be very free to choose their own identity themselves.

Main Roads Hardware Solution Implementing road markings and making the roads narrower will make the streets safer, because people tend to drive more slowly in these kinds of areas. The users of the road will know what to expect. For instance, a car driver will know he has to slow down when approaching a pedestrian crossing. Car drivers will drive slower when roads are smaller and road markings are being used. (Parkin, 2014) Gitelman even shows that the removal of road markings has disastrous and unsafe effects. (Gitelman, 2006) Using slow modes of transport is not a habit of many Canadians, even though itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a healthy option that is almost as fast as the car. Were people to walk or take their bike, they would live healthier and it would make people go outside again. The current pavements are too small to comfortably walk on, especially when traveling with others. By making the pavements wider, walking becomes comfortable again. To make cycling more popular among Marlboroughâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s residents, a cycling structure and new bike paths will be built. The city of Calgary recently did something similar downtown, and it saw a tremendous increase in cyclists as a result. According to Don Mulligan, City of Calgary director of transportation planning, track usage has exceeded expectations. (White, 2015).

Main Roads Hardware Solution Another thing the current roads are missing is greenery. Placing trees alongside the roads will break the view and cause the space to be less open and more intimate. This also makes walking and cycling more attractive, both because of the views and because of the shadow they create in hot summers. Nature also decreases the surface temperatures, and humans benefit greatly from being able to see green: it relaxes and distresses (Ojala, 2013).

Main Roads Effects The widened pavement structure creates more livability, safer routes and makes the street feel narrower, which improves the balance between density and living in the street and makes walking a more inviting. Adding bicycle lanes, adding bike racks near bus stops and the train station will encourage people to travel by bike. This will result in a healthier environment and increase the livability of the streets.

Main Roads Effects • The road hierarchy will become clear and there is room for all modes of transport • People drive safer on smaller roads • Less noise and co2 pollution • A saver and healthier neighborhood • Cycling and walking will be seen as an option • When a street is designed for slow traffic, it will be used by slow traffic and less by motorized vehicles • House prices will rise • People who cycle and/or walk more are healthier, more social and happier • A less motorized place will be more calm • Residents will get to know each other, because they will see each other more often • An entirely new and unique identity for Marlborough

Cul-de-sacs

Cul-de-sacs Challenge

Orgware Solution

Sofware Solution

At the moment, there is no connection between private and public in Marlborough. Houses are built relatively far from the street and have no interaction with it. The sidewalks are narrow while the streets and front yards are wide. It creates areas where neighbors do not know each other and where people do not feel responsible for the state of the public spaces.

Curitiba’s (Brazil) entity responsible for its waste logistics called ‘The Green Exchange’’, decided to involve its residents in their business processes. The people that find it hard to find a job, such as the disabled and unemployed got offered a job. The employees feel valued and it helps them improve their life. It did not only improve the employment rates, it also encouraged local growth (Donella Meadows).

Citizens will be involved in this building block as well. People who want to be involved can apply, they will get a few aesthetic choices about the public space. The community gets a voice, only with responsibility, the focus is lies on details, while with involvement the big picture is chosen.

A better balance should be created, like for example Hoi An (Walk 21, n.d.) and Oakland (The AIA, n.d.), where they transformed roads into public spaces. Complete roads are car-free nowadays in Oakland, meaning that residents obtained more and safer space for slow traffic movements. Besides this, the residents need to travel far for their daily needs. Instead of one big supermarket, it will be better to have more smaller supermarkets divided throughout the neighborhood. This should be accompanied by better public transport and bicycle facilities. The city government of Copenhagen for instance encourages its residents to cycle more often by providing more, wider and safer bicycle routes. It is a clever way to create a healthy environment and it improves the social engagement between the city and the citizens. Marlborough also has a lot of green in the street view, but hardly any of it is used in some way, it is not functional green. The front yards do not improve the livability of the streets, because it is hardly used by the residents. Still, unused green spaces can be transformed and given function to. Green spaces are always a great addition to an residential area especially when combined with functions.

Cooperation among citizens, the public and private market boosts the community feeling. The feeling of social safety and social cohesion enhances. Moreover, the socially weaker class can be offered a job or they can do volunteer work in the reverse logistics industry. It is important that these people feel like they can contribute to their community and that they are valued. Involvement of private organizations can be centered around Marlborough’s mall. Moreover, organizations can be confronted with the challenges the neighbourhood faces. They can be pushed to carry out at least 10% of their projects on a local level for example. Sharing knowledge and expertise among residents and regional and national entities is vital. The local development will only be optimal if this is maintained.

Besides involvement and responsibility, the community will also play a big role during the public space building block. The neighbourhood has a community centre already. It is important to use this as the communal hub before, during and after the implementation of the plan. New activities and programs can be made together with the community. The last measure is getting the community to do a survey to discover their talents and present them in the community. These talents can be exploited in the community centre. For instance, when someone loves to cook, they could be asked to lead a cooking class there. This survey will be held during the implementation of the new public space.

Cul-de-sacs Hardware Solution Adding facilities in the neighborhood like small supermarkets in the cul-de-sacs will mean a significant decrease in route length for many people in Marlborough, and this will make it possible for many people to start thinking about walking or cycling there. Multifunctional areas are good starts for improving the quality of life as shown in Detroit (Marketwatch, n.d.). Jobs are being created and new potentially vibrant places are yet to be discovered. Those areas will never grow out of scale compared to the city centre because they are limited in space, due to the surrounding neighborhood. The border between private and public will fade away when front yards are retaken. This way the sidewalks will come closer to the houses, thus connecting them with the streets. With these changes the public space is enlarged and has more room to be developed into an interesting and pleasant place. This is also created in Tassafaronga village, Oakland (The AIA, n.d.), but in a more extreme way. There, every home is connected directly with the street, by entrance or by view. This creates social control and therefore increases the safety of the streets and the interaction with the streets.

Cul-de-sacs Hardware Solution Connecting the houses with the street will connect its residents with the street. On the streets, a mixture of furniture will be placed to keep the streets of Marlborough safe, clean and comfortable. To improve the livability in the streets, trees will be added to create routing, dividing traffic, create shade spots and create a more pleasant atmosphere in the street.

Cul-de-sacs Effects By developing the public space a lot will change within Marlborough, Oakland and Copenhagen will be main sources of inspiration. People will change their behavior and will have a community feeling. The residents will become more healthy, both mentally and physically, local economy may flourish and the general feeling of safety will improve. This results into a neighborhood where people do not need to go elsewhere for their daily and special needs but can be fulfilled within the neighborhood itself.

Cul-de-sacs Effects • Roads can be divided up by greenery and thus creating safer traffic • Adding furniture will boost people to use the public space and give people a place for a rest • By implementing specific plants, they can create food, work and hobbies for the residents • Development of public space will enhance the atmosphere of the area • By creating several functions like retail within the neighborhood (Detroit, USA), needs of the residents will be fulfilled within the neighborhood it selves and will create slow traffic movement and thus social interaction within Marlborough. • The street can become less wide and thus create a more cozy street • Smaller front yards make a better connection between private and public • By having the public space closer to the houses, people will see it as their own • Social interaction will improve when the public space is closer to the housing units • Noise and co2 pollution go down, creating a healthier neighborhood • Nature has a positive effect on both human mind and body, thus a healthier environment

Planning & execution Pilot phase The structural design is made for Marlborough as a whole, however, the first part of the project will consist of a trial phase where only one block of Marlborough will be transformed. The chosen block consists out of the following streets: Maryvale Road NE, Maryvale drive NE and Maryvale and Maryvale PI NE. The main roads are shown in red, this is where the traffic and public space measures will be implemented. The back alleys are shown in yellow, these alleys will be transformed into the new garages.

Planning & execution Timeline The timeline is divided into two phases, the pilot phase and the Implementation phase. The phases are quite the same, however during the pilot phase only Maryvale Road NE, Maryvale drive NE and Maryvale and Maryvale PI NE. are put under construction, whereas during the Implementation phase all the other streets in Marlborough are receiving changes. All the hardware building blocks are for permanent stay and have long construction times. Urban Dutch decided not to build them fully simulations, but start with parking, afterwards traffic and lastly implement the ideas on public space. Within the hardware block also software and orgware measures are included, as stated in this document. However, two software and one orgware measure are implemented the same for all the hardware implementations. These measures are shown above in the timeline, namely communication plan, safety strategy and public/private partnerships.

Conclusion Urban Dutch dared to dream and implemented all the building blocks together in Marlborough. This resulted in a totally different way and proved that an North American suburban neighborhood can function. At the moment, Marlborough is dealing with several issues. These include car dependency, lack of social cohesion, lack of identity, lack of human scale, unattractiveness and unsafety. All of these challenges can be changed. All the building blocks, like lego pieces, fit together, they can be combined and implemented in several ways, each combination creating a different kind of effect. But Marlborough would most benefit from implementing all the building blocks, because this is the only way to tackle most of the challenges. The parking garages will replace the unsafe back alleys, and reduce crime and the feeling of unsafety in the neighborhood. With the cars gone from the main streets, these can be redesigned so the neighborhood will get an identity, will become more attractive and have a better human scale. There will also be much more place for slow traffic, and healthy modes of transport. The increased amount of facilities will make Marlborough more attractive, will reduce car dependency and stimulates social interaction. Many of the daily needs of the residents can be found inside the neighborhood itself, within walking or biking distance. Because the cul-desacs will be transformed into mini-centers of the

Conclusion neighborhood, fulfilling the daily needs and also providing work for some of the residents. A small supermarket, bakery and some small businesses can establish themselves here. The most important aspect of the plan, is the involvement of the community. Residents will get to decide things about their own street and neighborhood, and therefore they will like the plans more, feel more responsible for the public space, and feel more like a part of the community. The different kinds of input from the residents will make sure the environment is tailored to the residentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; needs, and this will cause an identity to emerge. Not an identity decided from above, far away from the people, but from bottomup, so the residents can identify with their own neighborhood. All these changes will transform Marlborough from a sleep town into a neighborhood that stands on its own. Where residents used to participate in the rat race full on, fleeing their neighborhood, being stuck in traffic for 30 minutes or so, trying to get to work on time, on the other side of town, only to repeat this entire process several hours later. With these transformations they can now leave their homes later and walk to work. During their walk they will see their neighbors, pick up some fresh breakfast or lunch from the small shops, without being nervous about being late for work. Marlborough can be transformed from space where houses are, to a place where homes are. A small town on its own within a big city, where people can truly live their lives. Urban Dutch, building communities.

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