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Hexgy 6eaporo x noBrpxHocTTo Ho ceAon(oTo ao He HopocrBo floBe're or 150, xoxro 3cr Hrlcr(rre, TOKO r,r 3(l BxCOKTTe OnePOTOPh, npl,l CTOTBeT-

HXTe no3l,lqun Ho ceaonxoTo ,1 neaorrTe: * noPoHeTPl4Ye Ho ceponKsTo po3Hep,!, llo-

KnoHu, BncoqrHo;

* neo6xoaaxort

perynHpoBKo

ceaonKoro ro nprnoxPrrBoHe Ho HoP onHe, aocer Ho Kpo,(oro 3(l Hlrc(ure H BHcoKhre rHArBxAr, (Kororo ne,qo,

fpxgiufuauunyo4uu-Z Fxaxc.

nlrr 6nox

He ce perynupo). I'1pn npoexrrpore Ho neaqnHr 3oAB14xBoH,1 or

qerfl,

Kpo-

KoTO, OnTx,ronso opneHTrpoHe Ho HonpoBneHneTo Ho,IBU)xeHXe, OnTITOnHO roner,ll,lBO HO

Sb- S0 fi,

KPSK

or cearq

onePorop,

rpr6Bo Ao ce xMor npeABrA npenoprlr,rrenHure

cloiHocr{

(arx

Oxr.

Hoi-BoxHrre noponeTpx, Honpl,,xep

,1 +ur.

3):

KoopA,lHorx (x, y, z) Ho cpeaHora roqKo (A) Ho neAono cnpsxo 60308010 roqxo Ho crpo3norox€Hxe cnprMo AoHe (0) fl

-xoAo

aP/r14r€ neaonu B nornea HoroPe; Hol(cnxonHfl xoaoBe (S max); Ho op eHrHpoHe HqnpoBneHl,leTo -rfrh ABrxeHre Ho cT1,neuxoro (a);

(F min, F max). -ycv,nue Tetlr nopoHerph co B TrcHo 3oBr4cxrlocr no exay cu, Koero Hororo x36opo Ho o'rpeAeneH sopxoET (peA) or ro6nuqoro ufu np,l H36opo Ho raexAriHHr.t

croiHocr Ao ce PeaoBere

npoBr,r xHTepnonoqn, MexAy

30 scl.reKx noPoxerPx.

llocoqenrre croiHocrr, 80 +rr. 1 yAoBnerBoprsqT anono3oH oT PlcroBe oPxeHT,tPoBrgHo oT 1480 mm (xetn) ao '1850 mm (M!xe) npu nocoqeHo-ro peryn14poBKo 14 nspoMeTpl,

Ho ceaon-

nrrHhrT xoA Ho ne4ornT€ He rpr6Bo Ao npe, arulcBo nocogeHuTe 3HoqeHHs Ho S max 30 cr,

600 650 650 700 750

375 360 300 340 220 3.t 5

750

/90

800 0oo 8s0 850

275 .t 50

[nnl tnnl

vt-

AA,,

lg[ru:

700

4.tlpu HeofxoAuMlcm om no ?0^flt4 x00 ce dongcKs, gbe/tuqeHue Ha bz'bt /50 npu gdetuvetue Ha o( c 5o. 2.Musuuateu xo? ua m.A 25 nm

/3 c

S.lvluuuuatuo lcuAue

6 n.A- 30l{;uaxcuua^Hoycu ue-00V

x, y, z, Tri K6To B aporxBeH cny,{oi ule u3ne3e I3atH HoPMonHrt aocer Ho KPoKoTo,

orBerHuae

Te3M

To(o

lHoqeHfi, ce aK,lo'iBo KoKTo cBo6oaH(rr, po6oYHrrrr xoA Ho neAorro.

Aoflycflir'roro roneMrHs Ho ycln,!ero

roBhcr,r

rnoBHo oT Po3nonoxeHrreTo Ho neaono cnptHo ceaonxoro, oT nocoKoTo Ho aaxxeHheTo, oT TTEIIO B XOnrHOlO, OT qeCTOfO.rO HO tloHhnynOrlrrre ,! oT ToBo,aoIr,l ae norSBo o6nerorr(oro flpll froHxflynlrpoHero. Korsro o6neronroro He

ce nor3Bo, ycurrrro Ule 6rAor aHo,rvrenHo noMonKk or nocoyeHrre, oco6eHo 3ct no-ronellrre

.1'onHo.rx Ha S. npt,l ,36opo Ho r.1o(cr,,fisnHHTe ycanr,lr rpr6eo

ao ce xMo nPeaBria qecroTora Ho iroHrnyroqrhTe, Tbi Koro or He, roBecrr creneHTo !{o yHoPo l,!

Heo6xoaxnxre crnoan cnoco6nocttt xo onepo_ Topo. npu nocrorHHr,r r'roHrflynoqu,r ycxnrrero rpr6Bo ao 6rae B rpoHxqMIe 90-150 N, o npla ltoMeHrHrr (peaxr) xoHrn),noqtaI nocoqerrre rloKcr,lt4onHu 10

cro;Hocr[ oaor Ao ce yBen,lgor

.185 .t,10

4 t"J fr, 28 36 34

20 22

+z 42

18 46.

20 20

55 57 62

.19

,t9

ao 2 flrrx.

He 6rao ao ce npeaBrxao ycrnle no-Mon(o or 90 N., rbn xoro roao Hoxe ao aoBeae ao MHoro necxo r cnyroiro 3oaeicrByBoHe Ho neaono. no-ronrMo ycrnxe or 250 N. Boal,l ao npexaeBPeheHHO yMOPs,

Oxo r4oHlnynoqr{vTe co cPaB-

HrrenHo qecrr. 3q cn poqKltTe Ho coxoxoaHrTe l,ou,rllHl.l ce eonycKo lr no-TonrMo )achnre (ao 500 N.), Tri Koro ce crrro, '.re HoHrnyndqrirTe co l|oreHrHr, r, no-pea(lr. Ako yc[nhrro x xoArr npegrLloBor Aonycyr,rMhre (Hsnp. 500 N. 30 cnrpoqKoro { 250 N. so

cbeal.HUTeIt nPr! cSoTBeTH,t, !o Po!nonoxeHlreTo MoKc,lMoneH xoa), oneporoprr necHo ule ce yrloprBo. ToBo rroxe Ao ce ,36erHe,rpe3 BKnlogBOHe Ho nPy,(XHr,r r,rh11 xr,raPoycxnBoTenx }lnn qPes nPellnHoBoHe Ho nHeBHoTr{qeH nPuBoa. B cneqrdnHoro nrreporypo ce cpeqor npeno-

pSgt4fenHri iot(ct

ionHt

Yct

nrA ,t xoaoBe

3(l

To3l,l BUA neAOrlX HO PO3n}lqHti COiIOXOAHl,l tloLIJ l,l HH, KOKTO CNEABO:

Pasuep

MUH.

MAXC.

0nmuM.

50 50

t50

t00

150

100

[nnil

ZiZz, Zs a

,150

300

.t80

200

2t0

Mufl.= l30mn- npuZl-51nn ;

6 u a xc.='l 40nn - npuZ1 +22= i0 0 nn ;

tonm.

l!1"r-(N)

Smax.

CoMoxoAHr,t or!rHt

170-250 cte.qraxtren 200-300 cnrpoeKo

ToBopHr,r oB_rot106rnx

200500-

flexr oeroro6rnri O6ulo 30 oBToxo6rnl

cteAnHnren cngpovKo

(mm)

180 180

12-15 'r

= l0o

150

50-150 creArH{ren

350-390 .nrpo,rKo (npx 3dK!cH. 0.5 g) TpoKTopl,

400

6orepla

80-r

fl eaonr,rre,

qenfi,

:oaeicrayBoHr.t !ipe3 aBlxeHnero Ho fioror Ao 6rAor t(oKTo crorulrl

Kpot(,

200 40

200

(ocro no stprere noa nerlrre no4 no4o), aoko

,to onePoYoPo,

r,r Bl,tcrtJlr (ocro 11

-npu Z3=llQpla

o,r.

/<rt

-W" ,H*ffi Ltcr

I t-JJ!_)

t/'l?)

Bapuann

nPab

30-60

t20

30-60 /r0-90

,150

/o-90

t10

20-40

u100

m-80 20

200 20

(

ceg9u.+

l 3 l*

9cuaun INJ

6 7 E

150

110

xog [nml 40-60 40-00 40-60 40-60

40-60 30-40 200

ornpea, Hoa nplcrxre Ho xpoxoro). Brcnutrre ne,qonn co HoMePunn nPvnoxeHxe rnosHo nPrr oBToio6xnnre. h B ABoro cnyqo, ce npenoprqBo rloKchtlonHo Bl,icoql,!r.to Ho cPeaoTo Ho cTrneHKoro

200-250 mm or noAo r,r

rluHr,rHonHv

- Ho crrneHKoro 50-75 mm. Po3po3Mep,{ treplr Ho lrlxprHoro e no-rorrr,r! so as o6xBou.lo qtnoro LuxpxHo Hg crtnorloro.

CTtneHKoro

Tpr6aq ao 6rae arroBraHo B crpoHfiqeH nornea

unu Heiquer HoKnoH Ao 6!ae recHo x3MeHreM, 3(l ao Hoxe crbnonoTo Ho r(PoKo ao ,ex}l nPoB'lnHo srPxy He, B Po3ruqHfiTe norliqrrl I nPM-

noroHoro cuno ao 6rae BrHorx nepnefla,!KynrpHo Ho noatpxHocrro l, 30 r!6itBoHe Ho nprnnt3-

[Ipr npoerrrapoxe Hq fleaonr, 3oaBr,rxBoH]r or cunoYo npx 3oTBrprBqHe Ho ctbflonoTo oT ce4ruq oneporop, rpa6ao ao ce lxor npeABla npenoplqr4TerHrre croiHocrx

Merpx

,o cneaHhre nopo-

(Brx $rr. 2 I $rr.3):

Koopal4Horx

(x, y, z) Ho 3oAHx, Bprx Ho

ne-

-Toro cnprho 6o3oaoro ro,lt<o Ho ceaeHe (0) { onTxhonHoTo Po3no,IoxeHue cnPiHo aPyar{Te neAorx B nornea oTroPe; 12

-no

HOKflOH HO CTIneHXOTO 3Cl (3XOAHOTO nO3XqH'

ne4ono (a);

brnoB xoa (p); (F min, F max). -ycurr, CToiHoclrre ro d, P, x,'l co B TicHo 3oBtrcHrlocr noltexay cr, floPoal, (oeTo ryx crqo rpr6ao ao ce 13non3Bo onpe4enen aopronr (pe4) or ro6nraqora unn ao c€ nposr,r nHrepflonoq,!, 30

scrql(x

noPoHerPr. l.lrrcnoB,rre croiHocrr,r yAoBnerBoptsoi nocoqeH'{r no-roPe PbcToB arono3oH.

He 6180 Ao ce npeABr,rxAo flo-Hoflxo ycfinxe

30N., rui xoro ne4onrr rpr6eo ao x3Ahpxo Texecrro Ho crtnonoro l,l ao ce ,i36erHe cny,{oiHoio loaeiciByBoHe. MokcufionHoro ycunue He 6xBo Ao HoAsr,iLlroBo 60 N,, Kororo xoH}rny,lolll4ITe CO nocTotlllll,l l,l HeflPeKlCHgTr, 3OUIOTO ToBo 6x Aoseno Ao 6rp3o y opo Ho oneporopo. HrKou oBTopx AonycRor ycun,!, or 45 ao 90N. CnoasoHero Ho np€nop6,.rolxre rrnr (a r p) e or oco6e8o 3r.roqeH,ie 3(l yAo6Hoao po6oro Ho oneporopo. npenoptqBo ce ocro Ho slpTeHe ao 6!Ae B HenocpeAcrseHo 6nn3ocr clc aoAH[,

BP}X HO

neToTO.

nl,lTe c-6c 3oAHo oc Ho BlPTeHe. Ho +rr. 3 co floKoloHr,i onrrHonHrre x rpoHr.rqHo aonyfinMHTe PornoroxeHm Ho neao,lr,t 3(l corroxoaH, tiourHl{ B nolnea oTrope. OrpoHr,r,{oBoHero Ho rrpocipoHcraoro ornrao (o) ce Honoao qecTo nPr itlr(ponlrTpoxHhTe oBToo6x no Ko!noHoBlqHr clo6poxeHr, (nonoxeHIeTo Ho xonH}lxo Ho nrBoio npeaHo xoreno). noHixoro npocrpoHcrBoro xexAy neaonl,lre

oKoro HoanlxHo1o oc Ho ceaonKoTo ae 3oeHo oT 06eMucir,r KoPhxnHn cepBoynpoBreHrr, xoeTo HOnoac fioKclrtlonHo oTAoreqosoHe eaxH oT apyr

HO neaon,1Te, 3oaarxBoHn ot aao.ro t(pot(o (cteAMsuien H cnrpoqt<o). flpoKTxKoro oT npoeKTrpoHero Ho po6orHo tliaTo Ho cearul14, onePoToP noKo!Bo, qe ,3"

6oprr Ho onrrionHoro po3nonoxeHre,

nfirro ll TPoexloPlrrre

Ho ycx.

Ho aBnxeHxe Ho ne4onrTe e cnoxeH n TPyaei BrnPoc, HenPoBxnHoTo f]ocoyeH,lTe

cro;Hoc ce

oTHocrT

30 neAon,

crc roAHo (AonHo) oc Ho srpreHe. Kororo nPeaBrxaoT neaorll

npeaHo (ropHo)

ce Ho

ElPr€He, TrxHoro crrneHKo rpr6so 4(l 6bAe ArroobporHo B cTpoHu'{eH nornel o xoar}, TPOeKlOpXrTo { AO C}OTBeTCTByBOT hOKCrlHonHO Ho rern 3<t Torr(oro, Hol.ll,tpou,lo ce Ho 175 mm oT 3OA8r1' 6PtX HO neTOTO, nOCO'teHU 3O AeAO-

PeuloBoHe Ho

xoiTo

Boar4

ao HenpxrTHll nocnea-

cTBtlt, l(oTo HoMonrsoHe Bo

crfo

nPourBoal1TenHo.

cur/o. qx,l. ToBo Honoro 3oAln6oqeHo peuiosoHe Ho Ho TPyao,61,Pro yr.roPo

3OAOI|OTO

B flO9o,lHlTe

osoPr4isn

CTOAUT! HO nPOeXTypOHe

qper non3yBoHe Ho npeoopr'.tfiTenHx aoHr.tx oT cneqronHo1o nq.lepo,rypo11 soalnxrTenHx Hop, noTrrar, q B no-xtcH{Te cToarlr-ekcnep{fiet,rPoHe qPer Po3nhqHy no Prcroae onepoToplr 11

bapuaun t J'/?l

Acutt ue

.t00-/40

2 3 4

70-/20

cegeul 0nePam1P t3

Ufi

/00-/40

50-70 70-/20

80'|20

cxe[sTrgHl,l tloKeTr B r1oqo6 1:1 rio qrnoro po6orHo xrcro l,lnI OyHKqr,roHxpou]x npo6Hh o6p03qx n eAonMTe,

3oABrxBoH, or crorru oneporop ce nPxnoroT roi-gecTo 3(l ynPoanesue Ha cTolll,lOHoPHl,l MOUJIHI,!, XOTOTO eAHOBPeMeHHO c noHunynoquuTe u3BrPuaoH,! or aBeTe Plqe

ce Honoro ao ce noaoBoT

Crorulrrr oneporop TOTOBO, XOTOTO

r,r

pqiB,r6<t

apyru

KorloHA{,

Hci-rorrro

cnno

neAont' e no,q ATnOTO y

KpoKrr e x3npoBeH. l-lo-necaoro

l,l

npehecrBoHe

150 mm. Ho BceKu 20 MH no-.onrM xoA ce npu-

6os, no 0,04 s. Te3l4 BennqrHla ,o BpeHeio cneABo ao ce oT9r,1ToT nPI oBoPr,riHr,, cl,!lyor,lnrr, xoxTo MoroT

ao ce

nPeaoTBPoTrBoT

Ho neaono. PosqerHoro Bpe

qPe,

HoTlrcKoHe

€ ce roBr4lrroBo

15-20o/o. AHonx31,T Ho r.1olrllHr,l c rleAorHr,i ynpoBreHui noKo3Bo, qe Hoi-q€cro cpeutoH14rr HeAocToTlK

HO neaonuTe, 3oaBrlxBoH! c qenu, (okTo oT cearu], ToKo

KPoKr

oT cTorut oflePoloPl e roflrMoTo 1,1r.1 Blco'trrHo oT no40, o 3(l neao14

Ternoro Ho rrnoro 30 Horr,rcl(oHe Ho neaono r13r1CKBO TOi AO Ce pdSnOnOrO TO|(O, qe,qO e He-

nr1Te, 3oaBrlxBoH14 co,,1o clc 3oBrPTBoHe Ho cTtnonoTo B ane3eHo, tYonKrltT trtn Ho cT!fleH-

HeTO

KOTO CnPTHO nOA6eAPeHXqoio, llonO)KeHXeTo Ho (Por{oro B ro-1rr cnyqoi e Heyao6Ho n yHoPnTenHo, nPouiBoa,lTenHocTTo r,r BHr,!troHr!efo

o6xoArHo

11HrMonHo aBxxeHte 3(l aocrrlro. Hy. nPs HoP OnHo o6CnyXBOne IIOKCU On-

Hcro crno e or noprarKo Ha 20-40yo o1 let,roTo Ho TrnoTo, o tloKcrfroIHoTo Brcogl,iHo or noAo-fle noBeqe or 200-250 mm. MoKcr,rHonHxTe npenopr'.rBoHn ycnnrt, nPflnoroH,r BrPXy neaonrre oT cTorut onepofoP nPh nocTotHHr,r r.roHhnynoqrr, co 2-3 n!T, no-rone|,lr, orKonKoro nptr ceArut (Brx. +,rr.4)

npenopr,{Bo ce 3oAHoro goar Ho neaono

cbc

3OAHO OC, IOASI,I)(BCIHI qPe3 SOBIPTBOHe HO CTtnorroro B me3eHo. ao 6rae evcoxo oxono 25 mm,

ToBo crlAoBo

y croiu]l4, oneporop

Ye KPOKTT i1y ce Hollr,rPo B HoaexaeH

yceutoHe, KoHToKT

neaono. B urxolr cnyvora ce ,llrlcKBo neaonlT ao Moxe ao ce 3oABrlxBo c KoiTo rl Ao e Kpo(. Toroso ce npirroro neAon noa 0oprloro Ho rpt6o (r!rr.5). Bcuv<u ne4onu rpr6Bo Ao ce sprulor cot ocrorTerHo B rr3xoaHoTo cr! nonoxeHre oT nPyxrHo,

nPorrBoaeicrBysoulo Ho rexecTTo Ho xpoKo, o noBtpxHocito Ho crl'neHKr-re r He rpr6Bo Ao e xrtrroBo. [']ocreAHoro ce ocxrypiBo o6xKHoBeHO qPe3

ry eHo noanoxko.

Opl npo4tnxurenxo Horhcxote Ho neAo, (nosege oT 3 ceK) ynPoBneHreTo (roBo ymoPlrTenHo 30 pO6OTHlrKd. Ero 3OU.to HOpMOnHngr Pexnx HO po6oro c BceK, neAon e no cxeHora Horr,rcK{rHeofnycKoHe, HoTr,rcr(oHe-ornycKoHe. 3o npo4tnx(TerHo taSTeH3uBHo Po6oTo e nP14ero okc14MOnHO qeCTOTO

HO ABTXeHTTTO

llo

(POKO

0.75 S-1 (po6orfioro qecroro e 30-40% noMonKo !u'1r,! 0.25--4.33 S_). CpeAHcro npoArtrxuTerHocT Ho aB}lxeHfie Ho cr]nonofo (3oB!P1-

aoxe) ce npueno npH6nHixrenlro 3(r 0.3 s, o npn roneMri yct nrl,-ao 0,7 s. llpr aarxerue Ho q€fla1, KpclK (B KoniHHoro r.1 lo3o6eaPeHoro cToBo) B cearu]o po6oTHo no3o ce npreHo cEuroro npoainxxrenHocr 0,3 s. nPH xoa 100-

3,2,

flocroBe

flocroBere co plqHr oproHl,l 3o

ynpoBneHMe,

ot poMo, noaarlxl]o 3oKPeneHo l<tr c arnxrflo or 100-700 mm cBo-

ctcTorLtl, ce r,louJr,lrroro,

6oa8xrr Kpoi Ho Koero e o+opMeH Koro p}l<o-

xBorKo. cBo6oaHfirT KpoirT. e, prKoxsoTxoTo! ce 4Bxx,1 o6rlKHoBeHo B eaHo xnlr noBeqe PoBHhHs C

lrln

HO OTKnOHesre HO pOtlOTO HeXAy 30 Ao 600.

KpoiHare no3ur.16x B rpoHrqfiTe

,locroBere ae ynorpe6rBor rdr,r, Klaero

Heo6xoAud Krc po6oreH xoA lr KrAero ce }t3rcKBq,, noBege 6uPanxo, ortonxoro rov.

IlocroBere ce po3nrqoBor no +yHKrlrrr, oopMo, porMePflr noco(o ,1 Ho'rrrH Ho:roABl4xBoHe, ycrnhe (crnpor BneHre) u nonoxeHre cnprr4o oneporopo,

no AlnxrHo nocroaere (e iqentr Ho: xoa ao 100 mm; -xlcn-c c xoa 150-200 mm; - cpeaHl4 - Arnrx c xoA 300-400 mm;

KrcMre nocroBe Horor ao ce 3oaeicrsysoy qpe3 aBrxeHueTo cotlo Ho K14TKoTo! o cPeaH{Te x

qpe3 asrxeHre Ho qrnoTo PrK6. - ipr6so Oneporoprr ao 6rae B cbcrorHre ao nPeMecTBo nocToEeTe oT eaHo no3rqrr B Apyao arnrlTe

co|lo qp€3 aBr4xeH}leTo Ho p]Koro,6e3ao floKnoHrao trnoTo cx. B npoK.ftlkoro nocroBele ce aenrr orqe Ho:

, nPeBKnlO'{BOHe HO kOHTOKII'i, -!O ,{ aP. cteauHI4Tenx pr,qH14 cnl,,PoqKx, {rrcrpoulr crnoBx 3s - exoHxSrlt!- l,t aP. n-bpBsre ce roaeicrByBol' 06r(fioBeHo c no-EonKs KOr.loH4l

-cKoPocTx,

I a noBeqe oT eaHo PoBHr4Ho. Xo4oaere r,r ycunufio npu 3oaeicrByBoHe Ho nocroBere rpr6Bo Ao 6LAor Aocro.rt qHx la nPeoaorrBoHe cbnPoTxsneHueTo Ho l\1exoHxsxo cr4ro

nPn x3BrPrusoHe Ho onpeAeneHoTo KoHor.iaHo AeiaT6,{e B}pxy l1ou]nHoro, or eAHo cTpoHo, rl oT Apyro-Ao 6bAoT s rPoHuqfiTe Ho (hx3rgecKrTe Bb3tlO)l(HOCTri 8O qOBeI(O, T. e. flOCneaHxrT IO Do6oru y4o6Ho la 6e! ao ce n3HoprBo. B flpoqeco Ho npoeKTxpoae, npr u:6opo xo onr anHl,re laknh,, 6 xoAoBe Ho nocroEere, rpr6Bo ao ce nHoT nPeaBra: Ho nocao cnprHo onepsTopo -po3nonoxeHue (arx

drr.6);

nocoxoTo Ho npeHecTBoHe

cnprBo onepoTopo -(eux Qur. 6); HC'.ir,!HO HO 3oAeicTByBoHe aBrxeHre -HO qTIIOTO plKO ri COMO -,rpe3 HO KXTKOTO (BrlX 4,'.7); HOql4HO HO XBOUIOHe C flplCTHTe l,nr! c -qtncro xnrKo (Br.{x +I,..- 8);

/4AKCUMAt eH

xog Inn ]

Sdgburkba.He c g6uyeHue

'{.i

Ha qeAama PbKa /oo,taAemuama

c-ada

250

400

/00

c g 60t<eHue caMa Ha

KUmkama

Ho pr,(oxsoTKoTo (Bnx.

+hr. 8); - Po3MePriTe Ho ioHnflyroqxhle. '{ecToToTo - fovHocTTo Ho fioHnnyfloqfixTe. -Po3nonoxeHrero Ho nocroBere I xoAoBere a4H, oco6eHo 30 ceArq oneporop,

rpr6so 4o ce cr,o6po3rso crc lo8oro Ho AocrroHe Ho prqere

3<t

xolKrre (5.npoqearoerre)

r,rHAuBnar! r(oro

nPx ToBo Tpr6Bo ao ce noa6,rpo Hoi-onrnMon"

HGTo

i lrocr 3cl Tetr, c

Kor4To

HaquH Ha

MoHanynl,po Hai-,recro. fonerrHsro Ho ycxn,irTo, np, po3nrqHrr]-e nocoKl, Ho re;crBhe, B ronrho creneH loBr4cr,r ol lrnfiTe B noKeTHoTo r,t poMeHHoTo

xb d.u4aH e

crBpeMeHHoro npoKTr,rKo r.to npoeKTnpoHero

ce npreHor Koro onrHMonHn creAHfire croiHocrr,r Ho ydrrurTo. nocroBe, 3oAeicrBysoHx epe3 ABllxeHxe

49^AnA

MOKCUMAAHO

ucu|ue [ /'/ ]

250

-3o (or1o

Ho KrrTxoTo y npxrnTe-or nopqar'(o Ho 10-20 N.. o r.loKcnEonHo He-noBe,re or 40 N. (a cnyvoi no 3orxAoxe Ho xexoHr4rxo, 3or1rp-

crBoHe rinx 3sMpb3BoHe Ho cr4o3Koro).

caMo c

rrocToBe! ioAeicrsyssar4 'tpe3 ABaxeHu€To -Bo qrnoro prKo Ao 60-55 N,, o oxo ce tlo8x-

nynnpo rlHoro vecro

nPbcmume

caMo c nPbcnume

40-45N.;

- Ao ce x3BlpulBo MHoro Kororo c nocTo rpr6Bo

-loqHo

aBl4xeSue, HeSoBxcllHo oT ToBo, qe Moxe

Ao e roAeicrByBoH c qrno prl(o, ycrnrero

Ac ce r

buEo,ao HoaBuuroBa 25-28N npl, npoeKT,tpoHe Ho nocroBere

nPeaBna c-bltlo, ee ycknxeTo, xoatlT r,t cKopocrrc HO npeHeclBoHeTO t,11 CO B TrCHO 3OEhCr4HOCr

*ffi , 6t2

noMexay cr. Te3[ Benx,rl,Hl,l Tpr6Bo ao ce cro6po3sBor c o6urolo r}nrr,{ecKo HorosopeHocr HO onePoToPo, npou3Txqou]o 01 HoHfinynnpoHeTO c Bca4qKl,l oProHr 3(l ynposneHre Ho onPeAefl€HrTe Hy npou3BoacTBehr 3oaogr4, T, e. Kon,4'{ecrBoro Ho x3Brpru€HaTo MexoHuqHo po6oro

oT onePoToPo 30 onpeaeneHo BpeMe aa He npeAx3sfiKBo 6rp3o Surrvecxo ymopo. llpr r. x. <cnnoara> nocroBer c Kolrro ce roHx" nynl4Po no-Prako, ce aonycKoT 3Hoqr,,TerHo noronel1l HoMeHfHl,r y.ufit4q ot nocoqeBvre (ao

2-3 nrrn).

L1pe3 HrKonKo npfiHepu

x3BecrHra

Br4AoBe

HonrrHr,r oxe ao ce nony'{n oPeacroBo 30 nPenoPrqsorfiTe cnopea HrKox osroPl4 ycunx, v xoaose Ho rocToBeTe, HonPrHeP:

nPl,

-Pocrr,rre

nocToBeTe

3cl nPeBkntoqBoHe Ho

cKo-

Ho oBroMo6"nure €e i43xcKBo 3PrrerHo

,rnM aB rorerHo Bt3flprrTxe 3(r nonoxeHreTo, a oule no-ao6pe u aBefe. KoroTo fcKtB nocT e Po3nonoxeH Ho r(oP nnBoTo (onoHo, ce nPenoprgBo ao Mxo l(o8,]gHo tlopno xo prxoxaorxoro c r,1or(cr,! oneH avoMeiLP 15-22 mm, yo4nne ao 40 N., Tr,i KoTo ce HoHxnyn$Po 'tc

nprcrr, Po3nonoxeHr;r crure Hoxe

Ho no,qo nocT 3(l cKopo4o 120 N. ,1 r,l3r4cxBo

a,a $rto ya4nne

no-ronrMo, rr6oBraHo PlKoxBorKo c aroxeTtP fti Koro ce xBoulo I nPeHecrBo c KT4TKOTO l,i ABI4XeHrelo e HO qrIlOTO P}XO. oKono 40 mm,

Po3croiHIero Mexay oraerHure

n03]1l.l14l4 Ho

pbxoxBorkola B nPocrpoHcrBoro He rPf,6Bo Ao 6taor ro-xonKla or 50 mm. 30 ao ce /ceuror

or Boaoqo 6e3 nornexaoHe: nocToBeTe 30 polaenBo ynPosneHre flo BePux_ -H4Te rPaKToPu lPr6Bo AO Ce 3oABr4XBoT C yclrnre

no-ront o or 150N.

nocToBere

250

npu

xoA200-300 mm,

o6eaMHeHo ynPoBneHue

N. npr xon 400-500

mm;

30 'iecTr l"lClH6nyrollux nPx cefl-nocToBele c(ocronoHcKflfe HouJl,lHx rPfl6Bo ao ce 3oaBt x-

Bor c ycnflue He no-rorrMo o'r 60-120 N nPk xoA Ao 400 mm, o nPl,l ,ocroBeTe 30 PeA(u xo_ Hflnynoq, r ce aoflycKo ychn.re 150-200 N. npu 6orepire clorBerHo 3cl nocroBere c qecrr -MoHrnynoqr,l ce nPenoPtqsor ycunxt 15-30 N. npu xoa 120-200 mm, rli Koro ce ,srcKso r,l TOqHOCT, O 30 P,AKO BKnroqBOHrre nOC.'OBe

30-90 N, ri xop 250-400

mm.

PbKoxBorKrre Ho nocrosere no Oopl4o rPr6Bo

ao orroBoP,tr Ho oHoToHrqeckx, cTPoex

s I

a sa

HepBHoro ciPyKryPo Ho Ptkoro. tDopr'roro ao plKoxBorKoTo He 6!480 ao nPeaxlar!(Bo Moson,l 14 apyrH aeooPMoLrun. Ta rpr6so ao 6LAe cbo' 6poreHo c nonoxeHxero Ho rlocro cnPrxo oneporopo n ao nPea sBxKBO nOnO)K'lTenHO PeoKqyf, RPr,r x6(luroHe x loaBl'lxBoHe MoTep ontT Ho pbr(oxBoT(oro rPr6Eo 4o 6bae nPxFreH nPx aonxp,r ao orroBoPt Ho xMrheHHrre u3,lcKBoHr4r. oopMoro Ho P}(oxBorKoro rPf,6Bo ao noa_ noxoro Porn4qlnTeflHolo cnoco6Hocl Ho P},xoio, oco6eHo Kororo ce MoHrnynrPo c no_ronitl 6pofr 6nu3Ko po3nonoxeH[ rocrose c Po3tlrr'tHo npeaH(l3Ho'1eHne. KoreroPrl,{Ho rPr6so ao ce

oTxBlPnrT PlKOxBoTKr4 OT Pt6ecTn

l.1eTonHu

npoOxn,1.

npr nocroBere crc 3oA-bpxoulo ycrpcicrBo (ran pruro cn,ipo.rt(o), nocneAHoro rpr6Bo Ao

ce ocBo6ox4oBo c noneq (c ycun,le Ao 2.5 N),

,1 BonoH'l're

co oProH,l !o ynPosneHre c BrPre c ko,1ro onePoroPrae qe.To

nr{Bo aB4xeHve,

nlru

u3Br,PruBor 3HoqxrenHo xonrqecrBo PlqHa

MexoaxqHo Po6010.

Konnxosure pu.rxr (rrn flaHuBero) co yAo6Hy,

o He c a,roHTo, ro ao ce oclryp,l3apoBo xBoqoHe! rli Koro B npcr"BeH c,,ry.ron e B-b3r1oxHo nplr ocBo6oxAoBoHe ho roarpxou-oro ycrpo;c r Bo

r(oroTo ce r,'3rcKBor roflrr.,r

,rocrbT ao ce 13nr13so,

sHOq,lrenHO CrnO.

OT rneAuute Ho

nocrlr

rpr6Bo Ao 6!Ae 3apoB, Ao 3oAlpxo flo3,rllhflTo cra (T, e, 40 r o cflrypeH OxKcorop) rl Ao He Moxe co ocTorTenHo

6e3onocHocTTo

40 ce

npeMecTBo. rlocToBeTe

HoHAysoHe Ho ereKrpuqecKr

6}.q0r rpxx,ixBo

Ko-

Beprrrl rpfl6Bo 40

ulon$poHu,

Po3crorHuero HexAy n03ul1r16Te Ho plKoxBor-

ToKO TPr6so 40 6rAe AOCTOTT9HO, 30 Ao (e oc,4ryPrBo nPerneaHocT 30 nonoxeHrrTo (Bknb". 3o ynecHnsoHe 06y,re-

Hrero Ho po6orHuKo ce npefloprqBo B AonHr, Kpoi Ho nocro Ao 6LAe o3HoqeHo no3,iL{hrro

6yKBeHo, q'a+poBo

rn,! c

qBrr.

Po3crorHuero HexAy 6nu3Ko pcl3nonoxeHrTe nocrose He rpe6Bo Ao 6tAe no"xonxo or 50-

75 mm

(onruMoaHo 100-150

mm).

Kororo

ce HoHunynuPo eaHoBpeHeHHo c aBeTe plqe Ho rqBo ctceaHI nocT6, Po3cTorHqeTo Mexay Trx

rpr6Bo Ao 6!Ae no-ronrxo, orxonKoro fP,1 nocneaoBoTenHrl r4oHunynoqrl,l c eaHo prl(o. Te3r, po3cTorHrri 3oBxcrr ct u.lo y or yclrnrrTo

3.3.

r,r HoquHo Ho xBoLuoHe1o.

KonrHosr pL.rk(

KonrHoBuTe p1,qku,

To6rxqo

Blproqxre, paqHfiTe Konefo

6poi poToqxoHHt,r aBrr{e8hn un" 6!P3 nlneH o6oPor npl,l

KorrHoBrre pr'{kL, o.or ao 6}aor npeAH03c eaHo l,nr c ase Plqe 3

HoqeH, 30 BlPreHe HxeTo Ho

roaBlrxHl,

c-bnporr4Bne-

Atnxuuoro

Ho pb(oxsorKoro 30 eaHo PBKo eoprpa

go 110 mm,

uroHero-c

B 3csrlclrHocr or HsquHo Ho xBonp.Lcr lanu c qrno prKo (Bnx +ur. ABe plqe AlnxuBoro i rpr6eo 4o

9, o, 6). 30 6aae 250-3s0 mm (B',ix +',r.9, r). npu p!.rHOT'IOC,soHe Ce yAlnxoBa PoMoro or apyroro crpoHo rn,r ce xon6rrrapo c plqHo Koneno (Bux +er.9,6). Kororo xonrHoBoro plqxo e npeAHosHo'{eHo 30 xsorroHe u BrpTeHe c aae plqe, prkoxBo'rxoro ; Tpr6Bo ao ce Brprrl oxono ocro cri, o 30 e4Hc Prl<o roBo He ce npenoPlqBo. Ptqxrre:o nocrorBHo po6oro rpr6Bo ao ce PO3nOnOTOT nO'HICRO

pOf-1OTO

fiO-3llCOKO

noKeTo Ho po6oreqrlr, npenopr,{rTeflHoTo Br4cognHo 30 po6oTo Ho flpoBocforut oneporop c eAHo prr(o e 940-1000 mm or noAo n nepneHAuKynrpHo opxeH-lxpoHo oc Ho B1,p.eHe cnprMo OpoHronHoro Hc oneporopo poBHr.lHo, o npx po6oro c ABe prue cr,orBerno 10001100 mm x ycn6peAHo op(eHrrpoHo xopr.i3oH-

ronHo oc Ho BlPreHe.

Op!

npoe(r,1poHe Hq KonrHoBr4Te p}exu rpr6sa

Ho.rrH Ho soABfixBoHe

C aeuxeHre coHo Ho Krrr(oTo; xBou{sHe c nP}C 4erxexue eo

ptroro go

flronerrp no

ar,p-

Onlrmonuo ycunxe N

rad/s 10

27-aA

120-300

24-26

350-400

80-100

14---:21

350

100-200

120

noKeTHoTo aToBo; xaouto-

CABkxeHx€ 6o qindro prKo (4o pcHeHHoro croBo);

xsouloHe c qrna C 4ee prqe

BirrloxHo cKopocl Ho BlpTese np4 rtl$. yarnhA

l'4oKc,

P-bKo

400

ao ce or'.{r4Tor eaHoBPe eHHo (3outoTo co B3srtlHo

ros,lcrMn) cKoPo.llo

'lcur.t

e'to I

Po3 ePure.

flpu 6rprr aBrxeHffi Ho xrirKoro rr rlsnKu HoroBopBoHh, TPr6Bo ao ce nPxeMoT no'xonK,l Po3MeP' Ho PrKoxBorr(oro 14 Po oro, o nPn ABuxeHu, c nlreH po3Mox Ho Ptr(olor Po3Meprre crorBerHo rpq6Bo ao ce yBenuqoT (Bux ro6n.

1). MoKci,lr4onHrre

yd nua npu BrpreHe 3oBncrr or

npoainxrlrenHocrro Ho po6ororo (arx ro6n. 2),

Or rneaxo ro.rKo

Ho 6e3onocHocrro

Heo6xo-

a14Mo Ko,lrHoBoTo P!9KO AO 3OnOSBO nOnO)XeHIeTO B KOeTO yCTOHOBeHO Or OnePOTOPO. KOTOTo

Heo6xoAr,lfro ,qo ce orquro 6poar xo o6opo06rxHoBeHo ce ,3non3Bo 6(lpo6oHeH 6ponq,

rure,

1.4. flpx

Btproqr,r

or 65p3o ABuxeHHe Ho no-rrq,lxo or 360ot.' npu rorex, ycr4nt4, €e t,3non!BqT T,H, BEPTOqr| {nr,t ulyPEOn14 c poaxonHx ptxoxBqrxr (HqnpuMep 30 6tp3o noaoBohe Ho capeanoTo un{ cynoPTo 4o vrBeo6xoAxMocr

xoaHo nonoxeHre, 30 slPTeHe Ho

roee u 4p.). noAxoAru]o

3Cl

nepneHAriKynrpHoro po3-

oonoxeHhe Ho ocro lro ar,prere cnprno $pox-

TOnHoTo

OnePOTOPO PoBSMHO,

TOKoSO

BllcovrHd oT noao, qe B aollHo nonoxeHne Ho ptxoxBorxoTo onepoToPrT ao He ce HoBexao (Bxx. +ur. 10,o). Ilpra BeprrKonHo oc Ho Brp, TeHe, plKoxsoTKxTe Tpr6Bo 40 co Ho Br,tcogrlHo Ho noKero (8rax +rr. 10,6). I_'lp, npoexrxpoHeyo rpr6Bo ao ce choSPo3rBor

yal,ll(Ar(l $

@+ @fl

rrx e

cl,r,,]oBr4 Br4H-

v3IICKBOHl,iiTo

l(t

PlKOxsolx14Te.

nPenoPtqoHn 3(I nocroBeTe.

3-S-

PLqHl, xonero

Prr{Hnte koreno (T.H. ioxoBxqt ) co noa' xoaru{, nPx qrl.o cxoPocl Ho BLPTefle (Ao I rad (S) n 30 to.rHo 3oBlPtBoHe (HornocrBoHe) Ho rlqcr or o6oporo. HoHfiPor

npnnoxeHrle crulo B cnyqouTe, xoao1o yc,ln{rTo co HeaonycTr,fl.ro ronehr, so rroHxnynrPoHe c eaHo

Pr(o c

BrPTrulr,r ce Kon'{ero, nPeBKn}oqBorenrl ,tocToBe. Btgroxxoctro 3Cl HoHl,lflyngqnt1 c ABe Plqe, KotTo AoBoT P'lrllHMre KoneIo, yIecHr'

,rl,

BO TOqHOTO

! N

nPeOAOrlrBOHelo Ho

oproHr 3(l ynpoBneH,!er TPr6so ao

BCrr'{Kr

HOTTOCTBOHe

'i HO nO"fOIel,l{ Cl)nPoT9BIIeHUt. 3oaBxxBoHero Ho pr\rHure Koreno, xoKTo rt

ocru{ecrsrBo nPxHyar,lrenHo, c x!BecrHo t114HrMonHo ycrnre, Ho 6e3 3orxaoHe, Tlpl,l x36op Ho ycl,lnr!rro, Heo6xoAr,!t111 3cr BtPTeHe HCI Pt'.iHl,tTe Koreno, po3nonoxeHll xo onTlt{oIHo BlrcoquHo ro nPoBocTorq onePoToP (965-1220\, rpr6Bo ao ce or.r,rro rrxHoao 3ctBncr4MocT

al{oMe.rbpo l,! qecToTdro l,lo tloHI,l-

nynoqr!,lre (Bfix ro6n. 3).

Kororo p.brtHxre Koneno co po3nonoxeHI Ho HeyAo6Ho ao po6oro srrcoerHo (noA 965 mm x HoA '1220 mm or noAo), oorx onH{le ycl/nvfl lHO'{r4TeiHo HOr'rOrraoT (npt enouenp 250 mm

re cd o(ono 20 N.; np, 400 mm-or 25 ao

cegf,u4 0nePam0P 't8

npab onepamoP

55 N.). npla peaktl MoHrnynoqrx ce aonyc(or rHqqrrenH, \/dlny'r (Ao 400-500 N.). OnrrMonHure ycrnu, ro purHur€ koneno, nPre-

Heronopexe!trre HourxHx). B re3x cnyqov,

uo-

xororo ycHnHrro co MonKx, ce nPenoPrqsor pL(oxBorKr4 c ar4oxerhp 15 mm h a!nx,1Ha

40 mm, Tli r(oio ce xBou.loa coMo c nplcrn. np,i ronex,r ycrinx, rr4oMerrprr nn rpr6ao ro 6tae 25-30 mm, o .arnxrlHoro 70-100 mm,

'lo ldazo- -

.r/ --i

rr,i xoro .e xBoulor c rtr,,ro prxo. PtxoxeorKoro ce po3nonoro Ho poAnyc 37-115 mm (cpeAHo 50 mm) cnprMo ocro xo srprexe. llpI ,1360po 8o noaxoarult,l ycrnr,lr ro xor6rxupo-

Hrrre ptqHrl xoneno. rpq6Bo ao ce ct6nbAoBor ycxnurTo, nPenoP!9oHn 3o KonrsoB14Te PrqKH. 30 ocxryprBoHe Ho 6e3onocHocr 06l,lKHoBeHo ce npeaBnxAs noAaHxHocr (cso6oAo) Ho KonenoTo cnPr o ocTo, (oTo nocneaEoTo ce roqenBc corlo npk sxcuonHo xorucxoxe.3o roey qen ce nDfinoro o6yxHoeexo aL6eH creAyHxren

,1,

,i,

)

t,,

AKo

Heo6xoArFlo roqHo or'l.1loHe Ho floro-

xeHleTo, KrH plqHoTo Koneno ce npeaBxxao cxono (nrr16), Korro rpr6Bo Ao 6!Ae po3nono-

xeHo roxo, ve Konenoro 4o ne npevr ro no6nroAeHne Ho AeneHurro. Kororo e neo6xoAr{ o Ao

.e oTynro 6porT Ho 060polrye, 06uKHose8o ce vinon3yBo 60po60HeH 6por,{. npenopt,rBo c€ plv8xre (oneno Ao ce polnonoro, Ho Bnco.r{Ho 1000-1100 mm or noao x ocro ko Bt,prerero xH Ao 6LAe nepner.4uxt-

nrpHo Ho +poHrorsoro Ho oneporopo poBH Ho (sux 0rr. 12). Axo ce ltr.rcxeo roflrMo c(opocr Ho srpreBe (HoA 8 rad (S), re rpr6Bo Ao ce KoM6xH,{por c ptkoxBorKo x Ao ce po3no,.loror TOKO, 9e nrBoro Pr(o ao BlpTg no repneHA,rxynrpHo Ho 4poHTorHoro poBHrHo oc, o ArcHsTo no xoprroHTonHo oc, cknloqBou.{o.rrrrn

ooo

HOHU

nP'! CTBPe

eHHOTO nPOeKTXPOHe 3(1 nPo-

- c 60-90'

Atnxuren8o po6ors, co oxono 40-45 N. Ptq-

HlTe korefio 30 ToqHo HoanocrBoHe xnl4 noaoeore rpr6ao Ao ,Mor clnpornBneHre He no-

ronrro or 25-28 N.

Msoro qecro prqHrre xoneno ce cHo6areor

ptxoxaorl(r.r (B,rx (hxr. 11,6), Koro no rolr.r Bo'rrH

ce npk60Brr npeArFlcrsoro I Ho (onrHoBrire plsKr4t r.e. nocrxro ce 6rpro arprexe r.r ro,.rro Horno€rsoHe Ho noirtlHrro (HonpHHep npH

To6rflqo

3.6.

OpoHronHoro poBHriHo. Bono}rq

Bononure (KopHrnHHTe Koneno) cc po3xo. Br,rAHocr Ho

p!'lHr,tle konenq, ynorpe6rEqHu

o6hkHoseHo 3<r HonpoBnrBoHe noco(oro Ho aBrxeHBe Ho xorecHure cot,oxoaHl.l llouJl,lHh.

llpr npoextrpone Ho

BonoHxre rpr6Bo Ao ce

[lpo4tnxarenxocr Ho srpreHe KporKospe eHHo (Ao 5 MHH.) [lpo4tnxrrerxo (Hoa 5 rHH.)

Morclrronro ycrnre N

llol(cxHonHo xoulHocr K\

250

0.15

170

0.10

/ 19

To6nxqo

flroverrp xo

Konenoro

OnrrMonHo flepl,loepHo ycrnxe

250

350

100-400

400

400-500

arPioHe; HonPri ep, BonoHrT Ho neKufe oBTo-

Bo6knH ce 30BrprBo oT r(poriHo nrBo Ao Kpoipo !e Ho 2-3.5 060poro, o npx TosopHxre Ho 4-5 060poro. Ilo-MonKxrr

ArcHo noJ'roxer

rrtn Ho -loB!pTaoHe noAo6prBo

rioHeapeHo-

cT.ro,

npeaopr,aBoHrre nepxQepH,, ycxnt,t, 3<t BoroHhre co or 20-120. Tpr6Bo Ao ce l,lMo npeA-

sra,9e

nPx no-ToneHu ycrnu, x Honxx cr(oPocfr4 Ho BtpTeHe e fioaxoArul no-TonrM no Po3Mepx koprll,lneH kprr c Monrl( HoKnoH (no-r4omR

Orr. 13). B

ro3r4

cnyqoi po6orrr

tlycKyrlnTe H o qrnoTo pr(o. npl,l no-MorrKtl yc$nu,, , ronefir, cKopocTr,t Ho arpTeHe e yaobeH (oPt1r{reH xpba c ronrM HoKnoH r no-t1orKl,t

B cnyqo, po6orrr rnosHo r.lycKynure

BonoHtr rpr6so Ao ce po3aonoro B aoNoro Ho aocero Hc PrqeTe Ho Boaoeo x To Toko, '{e ao He nPeq11 Ho aBr4xeHqeTo Ho Kpo(oio nP}l xsHnnynxpoHero c neAonrre, Pognonoxeryero Ho aonoflo 30Br4cr,r oT xopoKTepo Ho po6orHoTo noso Ho aeArlr.ll,,, Boaoq l,l oT npeaBlaeHoTo Perynr!poBKo

Ho ceAoI(oyo.

Po3nonoao HO 375 mm

06l,KHoBeHo ce

or o6neronxolo

(koao ce

xHo npeABrA, qe o6rklroBeHo HoAnlxHoro perynfiPoBKo Ho ceaort{oTo e s npeaenu-e Ho

. 75 mm. ToBo polcrorH[e Boprpo or 300 ao 450 mm) ra Ho sr.lco'.thHo 180-250 mm cnprno ceaonHoro noBrpxHocT (srx oxr. 13). llpocrporcreoro oxono KopMunHoro Kon€no rPr6Bo Ao 6tAe cso6oAxo 30 yAo6Ho MoHnnynxpoHe c plqete. Po3crorHrero or Kop hnHoro Koneno Ao creHrrre rl crrl(,roro Ho Ko6rHoro He rpn6so 4o 6t4e no-Hoflro or 100 mm. 20

flpx PeaK, hoHlnynoqnk 100-200 200-300

HOPOCTBoHe CxOpocTTo Ho coMoxoaHrrTe hoCe HOMOIITIBO rlOKCr4HOnHflrT rrSA HO 3(l-

Po3MeP'!.

Aonycrr,rHo n€pr+epHo yarinhe

LlJhH14

{a-arx

ts0

olqr4Tor eaHoBp€HeHHo posMepxTe, ycll,xrTo, PO3nOnOXeHIeTO ,t tlOKCl, tOnHrrf,T trtn 8o 30BlproHe, Tr; KoTo oT noAxoAru.loro r4H c}geToHhe roBrcl4 yAo6crBoro Ho ynpoBneHl,le.

Bono*ure rpr6ao ao ce npoeKTupor ro(o, qe B cnyqoi Ho (oTocTpooo yAoprT npe3 KoPHhnHOTo Xoneno ao He ce npeaqBo TBIPAo Ho EoB roghcraMocr or /cynurro ce npenoprrrBor po3nfiqHl,l Pq3tlePa Ho BonoHo aloieTrP Ho KPlro - o6pr9o 300-450 mm ,r ceges,le Ho c ar4o ei,p

20--40

mm.

Kororo ycurnro, po3repxre x 6porr Ho 060POTUTe HOAxBlpnrT AonycTlMuTe, Ce nprinoroT PO3n'!qH'r Br4aOBe kOP rnH$ y.unBoTenr! eIleKTptn'{ecKu. POB,lT!'tHrt fl HeBMOaIqgrl

rinI

flexororo u yao6crBoro no Koprl,lnHoro

-xxa-

yrrpoB-

ne8ue ce nPoBePrao flPr! ntTHtl tlrnrToHllr, (oao

flP6 'rOBO, C

nOMOUITO HO Cneql,loneH yPeA, ro-

Kb KoPrYxnHoTo Koneflo, ce ,13MePBor cyflopHxrT rrrn Ho 30BrPTBoHe fl c"noro, .rP'4KpeneH

noxeHo KrM Hero. Ho 0,1r. 14 e aoaexo rocr oT fleHTO CIC 3OnrC, HOnPOBeH C nOllOUITO l{O noRrB ypeA. MexoH,!qHoro po6oro, r3Brpr,!eHo oT BOAO9O, Ce OnPeAen' OT nrOUlTO,3ol(nrcgeHo Mexay 3onIcoHoTo KPtlBo 30 nocoxoTo 1,1 Torel'llrHOTO HO Cll,qOTO l,! HyneBOTo ,ll,tH14, OT HO-

ao KPos Ho H3hepBoHeTo. c roxrs ype4 ce l'3clleaBo cbulo n BIrrH&eTo Ho cKoPocTTo gonoTo

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xrroarnHr!K 30 TPern, cBtT. A3 ce 3onl,l'rox, ko(Bo e aeicrBrrenHoro norpe6Hocr l,i 3oqo e ToKo. 3oeAHo c eArh cryAeHT', AxrM XeHecn, Hre cr3aoaox e Hoaynel oxnoal,lreneH PtqeH orPeroT 3o xPoH, B HocHnHo clcroiHve, koilo noko3BoHe TyK crc cxe oro Ho HeroBolo oy8(_ qlloriupoHe. ocHoBHrrr ere eHT nPeACToBntBo 75 cr cuponoao ntHo' nocraBelo Ho roproro qocT Ho plqeH reHepoToP, koiTo nPeBexao Bb3AyXO npe3 eaHo noMno x ce no,ryqoBd n6Br' tloBoHe Ho reHneioryporo u HontroHero. Tofl' nrrY Br3ayx noa HorrroHe cnea ToBo nP€ llxoso npe3 ronnoo6MeHsren, B xoiTo reHnePoryPoro HO Bt3AyXO Ce BPrulO Ktn TOrl, HO okonHoro cPeAo. Otryx B!3Ayxrr ae HocoqBo Ktr'i PeAy(_ TOpC HO X'IOATnHUKOT KbAelO fleTOBOTO POltUr4'

PrroHe nPeah3B}lkso HoMonrsoHe Ho

TeHnePo_

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HouriT

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s.'!6 (Hdn 1971 r.) Hxe orKprx e e.qHo Horo no_ nPocYo r eBirHo cPeacTBo. BhecTo ao ce r3oon3yBO gHeCeHOiO OiBrH CTIPO,IOBO nrHcl, lroxe

ao ce

HonPoBx uJoct!, noanroreHo

cbc croPu

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noaopeH

IOHECKO.

IOHECKO Me HoroBoprl ao nPoekruPoH eBrrH

TyPoTo.

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Ce 3Ol(PenBOT B nOqBOlO,

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Axo stnpexr

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3ynToT oT cy6eKTrBHaro aeiHocr Ho Ho6nroaoTen, ti Bapxy rrx He 6v iorno ao ce noBnfiie. llocneaosorenrocrro B ynorpe6oro x rLnKyBOHeTO HO OCOqUOqrrTe AonyC(O O6Oqe Po3'

nrqHr

EoPhoHTr,r.

Bx3yonHoro 14306poxeHte ,rpo3rBo Koro qe nx eaHoBPeheHHo r $ycxuur, { rH+oProqrr,

qyBaTBo,

cTonoHcKo nonnTrKo.

ToBo BlBexao M aoBo cratpxoH{e Ho qrro cKo,lo oT aeiclBl.ir, KoTo ce 3onoqHe or floru'recKoTo perHocr r ce cfnrHe 40 Hoi-cnox-

H4Te qyBcT6o. 3C aO CrOre ea,rH ToKrB xHcll)H€HT none3eH, Toi TPt6Bo roxo ac ce ae+uHl,rpo 11 ctsAoAe, qe Ao Hoxe Ao ce ynorPe6rBo HO nOropo, B PeKngHoro r4 l(oTo ooJecTBeHo

oTllouJeHrer

Heo6xoaxMo

Ao ce

,!3atPLuoT

ToqHo onpeAereHx nPeABoPl,lTenHx Po6or,1:

l. OopnynupoHe Ho qenrd 3oqo e Heo6xoAr,1r.1o ao h o t1oPKol OT Koi sua lPr6so po 6rae rx: eaHoKBo lo qrnoro npeanpnrT,re unl,l 4,1+ePeHqxPoHo 3o oraen_ H'1re ceKropfil Koxeo guaAeicrere rpr680 oxo3Bo HoBoro r.lopKol

.qo

2. npeABoplrre,rHrt nPoyqsoHu, B Toll, roqKo ce koHqeHrphpo He co o Hoi_ ronrho-ro, llo M Hoi-TPyaHoTo '{ocT oT Po6o_ Toro, 30 BctgKr4 aeicraua, oco6ero ro ranryuT14BHxTe,3O noAqePToHo

on n r',rre, rPr6ao BBnPou]Boan u

e |t o t1t',lo x

ao ce cr6ePoT !or(o3y€h[ x

B.h3 ocHoBo Ho l{oMTo Br43yonHoro xlo' 6poxesre ute uHo Hoi-rronKoro 3aPos l,1 o6oc' NOBOH Ct1t4cln. h3tBneHue Koro (ToBo 6l,1 Ml

aoHHr,

xoPecono), aoPl,l Kororo nP-ousnxro oT Pl'(oBo_ auTen Ho npeanPuf,'IHe, TPqbBo ao ce oTxBtPnv (oTo Heko|lneTeHTHo B non30 Ho BcrKo Jlor _

qecKd o60cHoBKo. CpeacrBo 30 roxlB Bxa nPoysBorltl, co nc,xo_

3Cl Bri3yonHrTe cPeacrBo, oHxerrre no oTHOLleHMe HO HIBeCTHOCT, nOnynrPHOCT l.1 nPe_

rpoi,rTe

cTlrxr HonPoBeHI

knheHTu

Inrl

noTeHq}lorHx

Krl,leHftlr MecrHl,! xr41erl,t tlnu qyxAeHqx, rnoar! lrnx Br3pacrHx xoPo, oTHocrulh ce ao MoPr(oTo

,1nfi nPoAyKTO, HOr,lFeHoBoHkeTo h1l nPoayKTo, nPox3xoao xnu nPoayKTo, onnTo rn,l PexflorroTo' roKonHr, PerioHonHl,l xnx HexayHoPoaHHt4 T.H,

Hs aeicrearenHure aeiclBr',, lioror Ao

nporxBonocToBrr Bto6Poxoer{rTe, B aenorpuop' xonqoro cncreMo obo'{e TpyaHo ce oTKPlrsoT earlHHrl qenu, 3ouloTo 'fe Beq€ co l'!3Po3eHfi HO KHxro noa (bopioro Ho ayl'lr, I qrcno. BtB Bcrxo HenolPuoPxonHo c14cret1o ctulecTayBo x Po3_ npelereHtle Ho orroBoPHocrnre r! cnyxe6Horo (oMneTeHTr]ocT! Heulo! Koero nP6 TicHo cBtP3_ BOBe BoAn Ao oPoTnBoPeqxBu rHrePecu. cPea Tqx Bce no( t4oxe ao ce HoHeP l, o6qoTo.

Pely,rrornre or o6urnPHure,l3(reaBollrrt notoT ao ce HonpoBtT l,!3Boal'l It

3. Kope(qHu BtB +oPiyrlrPoaKoro

Ho_

qenuTe

Koro r.rHKoi He e locrPoxoBoH or norpeuJHl oqeHKrlr Ho To3l,1 eTOn HO PO3BI'1TIie nPX T'X MOXe

Tri

}r Tpr6Bo Ao ce HoHecor KoPeKqul,, l(oriro 30koKTo o6[KHoBeHolo lloPKo, loKo H cny'

crrdr

xe6Horo nonurrxo, [lcrxonorxvecxoro 6opuepo HO OTAeflHU' XHArlBl4A Ce nPeMoxBo

Hd aoHHfiTe. To3H 06BlProHocr Ho

noMou.lTo

xnarrBriao,

He ioxe ao He h3nuro sceku qoB€K, ce npeHocf, s yBeflnqeH ouro6 BtPxy nPeanPxr' rraero; no npasnno To no3HoBo ce6e cl,| ((hnr' 3). ToBo 3HoHxe Ho npeanpl,|rtxero cryvoi o6ore He ce noxPr,!6o c rreaHoTo roqKo Ho6nloaoren. Ero ror.tlo rPn6ao, oT eaHo cTPoHo, ao ce KoPerxPo ToBo 3xot,1e r,i or Apyror Ao ce o6po6orBor MHoopioqrfiTe, KOr,rro Ho6nroaoTerrT nony,{oBo.

koilo

4. nnoHrpoHe Kon npoeK-r,i $ Aeroinv oror Ao ce

po3po-

6orar, a xoxao nocneAoBorenHocr, Ho g,rx po:HOCKII

r' B KOr(Bll l,!HTePBOnH OT

BPerel

5. XyAoxecrBeHo npoeKrxpo8e HOrO X3O6PoXeXre

Ho Bx3ydn.

co oro npe.qnPhrr,le unx ao 6b4e BirnoxeHo

EO HrKOe

He3oBncxMo nPoexloHTcKo 610Po,

(no-Hororrx ute ce cnpo oule BenHtx Ho nHer/rTo (3o, x 4nPoTrrs, Te3t1 aBe Bt,lHoxlrocrx npceKrupoHero Ho HerpoiHri (npexopnr) rrpenu, ToBo co r4rxnrcq rerHo rpooHqecKu

cpeacrso

pe3ynrorxre

3onoqHe c oT'lrTorle Ho npoyqBoHriiro no ro.lxH 3 x 4.

floxe ao

Terx npoe(Tr1, ko('o 6e!re or6errroHo e r.

3O Beqe crqecTByBolrluTe MoPK14, ce no!florcT HO nPoBePkO, ro ao ce cTnrHe Hoh_nocne ao porMHoxoaoSeTo

rx B

or(oHqoTeneH

clorserHMTe Hoa,t+ukoqrt

Bka clc

30 npoeffnpoHe Ho a-bnrorpoiHli

x3ae,rur,

yc1oHoBrT sHOrreHurTO l1 CUnOTO, C KOnTO

PO3-

n,1,{Hxre aeroinx (3Hoqlr, ruprSr, qseroBe) rpr6Bo ao ce ynorpe6rsor: caipxoHx xnu o.pe-

rlrx nocrorHH,t. ToKo ce u3rPoxao n(l3oPHoro crPorerrt, lloEou.lH14 cpeacTBo c oProH,l3ol.l,1oHeH u B]JrnPoxsBoarrflocnBH,1, BOprlPOUt4

TexH,lqeck,r xoPoKTeP nPeacroBnrBoT Ho11l,lpouluTe ce Brs s<e(rl HoPlqHi( xoHcToHTfi n nPr_ MephTe 3(1 TrxHoTo nPhnoxeHre.

7. BrrpeurHo xot{yHrl(oqu, h Hoi-xy6oBsro npeecroBo, Korro eAHo nPeAnpnrrlel,lcl<o ao rlr.ro 3cl ce6e rx, cx ocroBc

npolrMurreBrl r43aenxi, oPxureKTypo e Heo6xoan o no-alnro sPeHe, ToBo croBo noKo3oren

TSbPAe XOn(O, OKO TO COHO'IO He Ce nosHoBo aocToTbqHo ao6Pe. nPeanParTnero He e nPoc'ro

IroAePHO U Hey_

cBrp3oHrl nor4exay cr,l xoPo, oT Hocrren!, ,t npeAosorenr Ho Hosoro B,lryonHo a4ro6Poxe_

30 1srpaocrro Ho flpe/!nPurruefo npu or.rot_ soHe Ho nocroseHoro qen, rDunoco$rrro uo xyaoxecTseHoTo nPoeKT POse

tPonHo, nocne.qoBoTefiHo lrrlu HornqceEo cnoPe4 rrpceHe.io Ho nolopo, (FyHKqxoHorBo rnu sop' MOnHO-HO)<e AO Ce O6'CHl,i l,lMeHHO C TOBO.

5. O6uecrBeHo r4HTepnpeloqrl, x opro' AoaeHrir orepxofl ce laHiePnPerxPo Ho no_ loPo, Toso rHoqtl, '.le Ho noroPo Morol ao ce

AHAUS!4A,

10 e clBkynHocr o

rlaxBxAx, or

Hlei Te rpr680 Ho;-HonPeA Ao ro no3HoIor, ao oror ao 6oPosrr c Hero, Ao co ro Bt3nPren,l, Ao co y6eAeHn B Heo6xoA,lflocrro or Hero.

MopKoro rpt6Bo Ao BlsAeicrByBo BrPxy BlHtrJHh, HO6nrcAOTen: T' voxe ao ce go6nxx,1 ao rPeanPHrTHeTo c noHoulTo Ho noaPo6Ho oHo_

rnearBoHe qPes cloTseTHx aoHsx (nPhieP Olr. 5) u yMeHr, at,B Bcr4qku 06rocrx. Col1o TOKO TO UIC v O nO"KICHO llaecren etfexr.

8. OTqnroHe Ho perynrotrre Bcexu po3xoa ck rMo cBoero onPo-BAoHxe ctuloro Boxlt h !o BHSyorlHoro l't3obPoxeHle. Hoi-Ao6poio onposAoHke e yanexlT a cro- Br3yonnoHcKm xraoT ce roaoPr so ne9on6o. HOTO HsO6POXeHhe He Ce nPOAOBO. KrAe TOTOBO TPr6Bo AO Ce TbPCfi ycnex',bTl flocrrnso ce xokro npr Bcrr(o npoeKTxpoHel,

o(bopEneHHe,

nph B(rKo npenpoeKTrpoHe.

oT no3rq{tTo Ho

AKo,

crBpexeHHrTe ycnoBrrrt Ho aoceToLuSofo ctaTorHre 8o HeuloTo He ce rneao r(oro Ho (ol{Trnoa) (Heqo, c koero Moxe Ao ce cpoBHrBo), Ao r{crn!rcr(o cPoBHeHre HuKoro Hrflo ao ce aoaTrrHe. oraenhllTe aeToinl,l Horol b6e(TxBHo Ao ce noao6prr! Ho npxqr4Hrre !o ToBo frorot Ao ce (posBoAHrr). OcroBor cor'lo ,3BeCTHhTe HH OT PeKnOtlOTO CTOTICTh9eCKh g

nPeacToBrilerH,r nPoygsoHri. PdqvoHonx3n-

poHeTo TyK HoMrPo qHcreH rsPo3 B orpoHnve-

HoTo (sxoHoMx,rHoro) ynorpe6o No po3fi14rrHl,1 To6enKr, Knvurero, qBeroBe (60,,) x B u3non3yBOHeTO XO CToHAOPT}' B |lHOrO O6noOs, B KPOiHO CXeTXO H B O6nOCTTO HO XyAO)l(eCtSeHOTO nPoekrxPose I o+oPMneHre Ho ]rraenrr, Kororo ponrro Hq flpeanprrruero e rcHo, ToroBo noclporBofiero I ae(DusxPoHeTo Ho |roP-

KOtO

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neC8O, KoroTO o6rqHTe

qefu Ho KoinnexcHt!'re nPeanpufiTr4, ce u3rloToT icHo oT ynPoaneHlleto, Toroso necHo ce onPe-

aent

ctulHocTTo

tloPKord,

Kororo croEq Aylro cono 30

nopr{o

npnEep: MopKoro Ho 50K B o6nocrro Ho npoinuJneHrre roroBe (Spxrrul

OxcrAxte Ktrnrru llr ureA)

npeActoBnrBo 11exaylroPoaHo rpyrro oT nPeanP,rsTxs. BrsyonHoTo Hro6poxeHxe ce po3Bx 6e3nnoHoBo, ycno-

PeAHO C HOpOCTBoHero Ho nPeAnPrrTleTO I 3OrOBo TPyAHo hoxelJe aO H3nLxHe CPeA HHo-

xecTBoTo KoHr(ypeHT,l. 6e!ue Bluoxeso

eAHo npoeKroHTcKo 6lopo, 30HxMoaoqo ce c ooopMneHxe Ho nopkoBe M rpolHHx. HoB,!tr

3HO( nPrrexoBoure rrHoro no3Hoin eneMefiYr! (eeporrro vlrorenrr aoplr He rHoe roBo): Tpr rpo$xgecKr KoHcroHTr,! urpu{aoB 3HoK c Po3- arulepHu're npeanP}{rrr,r,.rxr no4r,r{*xoqur 3(l

Tnr,neHro c HoKnoHeHH qeprfi n !iePseHo-oPoHxeB r.lsrr; ToBo 6eue nonr,nno aocToTlr.Ho, BckgKx neqoTBn roTepfianH, Hoanrcll, froPKrlpoBKH 6rxo crrnocyBoHr.l clc 3Hoxo. CneqHonHoro t{epBeHo-opoHxeBo

60r-Bcr,r,r(o

KOeTo TPT6BOUe Aq nHO srKoKlB qBr.r, 6eure 6orArcoHo c rokoBo 60r, noqrH - Aeicrsyso 6pyronHo. CnoHJoHHoro xrlBorHHc(o xenoHne ao ce noTon,l qrnoTo nPeanpnrTxe B qePseHo 6or, xoero slrHlrKBo npta srao Ho ro3r OopHonex xooc (ToKoBo peoKqrr e Ts-bpAe o6rqoixo 3cl Hr(O! roneHrl <xHBolnHcxt,l cloao)) e HontnHo Heoct3Holo tl ,lll!]JeHo oT Bca(oxBo o60cHoBr(o. OopMonfio norne4Horo, 3Hotlr,1Te, neHroro qBeTll co s}]Hr4KHo,|lr HontrHo HeroBkclllio oT r.r

HocnTen, cl,l,

Ilpl, roBo He co

c]6nrcAosoHn

lrl,lTo l,lcToPnqeaKuTe npeanocTaBl(n, HxTo xoPOKTePO HO npoaykq,rrlo. B MHoro oT nPrBeaeHnTe nPxl.|epfi ce ,o6en13Bo nPeflocriqoHe c tBrPAe ronexfi Po3nhqrr B qBero x urPll+to. llo ro!H Ho,{rrH oute eA,,H nll ce npta3HoBo, qe xl3Hecnoco6EocTTo Ho (gepBeHolo Aere) creA TPeTOTO r.1y ToarlHo He ioxe ao ce ropoHrrPo

6er nolloillro Ho

xypoxHrl(o-npoeKToHT or OHpyoro; ooKT, xoiTo BcrulHocr ce cno eHoBo x Ho Apyr'i HecTo r,i KoiTo oul€ BeAHlr* no(o3Bo, qe BHlyonHo H306po)l<eHre, C$AOAeHO OT Xy. aoxHrk-nPoeKroHr, koiTo He po6oT, s npeanpfirrrero n He r3pocrBo c Hero, e o6peqeHo HO nrreH npoBon, BrnPeKlr 3ocTpoxoBoHeTo l.ly c ronrHo r,r ao6pe ypeaeHo aot(y}leHToqx, KoTo HopbqHxqn ,! po3npeAennrenHy cficreHr. 3oKocTeHenocTTo Ho Aory eHTotll,!rTo! aorHoTlt3HlT

HO Seqe aoaeflITe (oHcToHTI KOTO Bl.lt!<lroTo,

qyBcTByBoT

qyxao Trnol,l nPInrqoT

conyHeH HexyP, roiTo HopocTso 6088o k cl,rryPHo n ce nPlcBo B PelJxTenHu, xoHeHT. ToBo nPnsuoHre Ho HrxoH HeloBI€14hM xyaoxHHqxnpoeKToHTx 06rpKs crc cBorro orkpoBeHocr

HHoro oT

n P

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Te.

Kororo ctoBq Ayrro 30 Heu.lo

noBeqe

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:ou4o ryr 6erue HyxeH polyHeH noaxoa r<!r1 Btflpoco, Bcu,rKo rpr6Bouie 40 ce ,3rPoan Ho clryPHn ocHoBtl, KollTo, cLTnocHo (noMefioTtlre Be'{e roqKr 1-3, renrpao rpr6soue ao ce cL3-

aaaoT. noBoa 6eure noxoxlr'rxo r3PoleHoTo xenoH,{e: (Ao ce cieHrr AeKop14re!> Llenro ce KoP1416po,r r,!3rnexAoure seee Toko: Hvu]o Hir.lo ao ce npoMeHk (c xixnrc,reHre Ho HrKOh PeryUJr, (oTo r,rH ce sonpoall cbrqesPe39

lreHHo

noa6oP).

npear ao ce flphcrrnlr Krr floA6opo, rlarepxo-

nnle oT

oPoyqBosl4rTo n aBoTo nPoexTq Ho npoextonrcxure 6rcpo ce nperneaoxo noApo6Ho

1. He ce o6tpro ronKoBc sHnMoHae Ho roso Aonu sr,{3yonfioro r,lio6poxeHne ce oKoqecrBrBo KOTo ApOrPeCxsHo, rHoexrlo, rYoaePHo xnn HoLII4OHOnHO, KOnKOTO HO TOSO AOn14 -rO Ce PO]nx'{oBo cPea KoHl<ypeHrrTe Heqo, (oeTo nPoB}r Bv3yonHoTo ri3o6PoxeHne -qeHso ,1 3HoqrHo, 2. fnosHo i4rcro B sHoKo roeflo npoelrTrpoHero (o+opMneHuero) Ho [3Aenuero. Honpr4iep l.qo ce oTHoc, ao (DoPholo r,! (oqecTBoTo, rnoBHo

8O ene'fipooKycTfi.rHr! ypea{, oxnMnc aoeHo qeHTPOnHo xrcro Ho nosopo. ToBo e ToKo,30rJloTo roF!, Ho no3sps, co KynyBoqnTe, o 3oaoBonrsoteTo Hs TexHnTe Hyxat1

3. Broporo no

3HoveH[e

aEec soxHo

yrcro ce floao

r.loPKOrO. hrnorsyBor ce aopn a6e l'1aPKrl o6po3Ho xopxo H rupH+ToB HoAnxc-npH roso ce cPeqof BrHork l,l HoBcrK]ae 3oeaHo, Ho sce noK co He3oa}{clft4l,! eaHo or aPyro. or GBPeMeHHO rneal,iu1e o6po3HoTo MoPKo flPeAcToB-

nrBo rpo(hx,{ecKo rl3rlkcnMqo, Axo rr ctulecrueHo ce npomeHu, oKo ce noBrLur.r $opmonnoro

croiHocr, ToroBo cTeneHTo Ho r{iBecrHocT Pr3Ko ce noHl,lxoBo. Btnpexu roeo Bcexn rpn.oarrHr,i ce 3oAenrT 12 kunro{o r4opKu 3cl Posxoar,r 3Cl nPoMeH[, 30uloTo (noHoBe Ho nPeanPxtT{ero ,1MO t3 qenl'r cBrT. 4, l-IBerUr Ho {rp

lrrpoe nopoArr of ,3aen,rr BToPocTe-

ora-cnr{

ronrrroTo rHoroo6polre

5. fpo+ltgectrle enereHlx, urpxQToBere, HoAnucrle co r'IocrqecxrTe noHoulllx cPeaclBo, Ho 6e3 ri{oqeHre ,o BrlyorHoro l.1io6poxeHre oT nPorioT,'{Ho rneaHo loqko,3(lt{ofo tiltro nPeanPnrTneTo, HllTo ti3aeIHeTo iloToT .qo ce

oTtxaeclBrBot c Trx, ToBo oTlxaecTBiBoHe HOXe AO CfOHe

B-b3 OCHOBO HO eAHO TOqHO OnPe-

aeneHo, cPeario KogecTBo

Strprex:xox.

,r Ho

Bs3yonHoro x3o6poxeHre ce

cneqx(brqeH

crcro,

+oKTrqe-

cK, oT eaHo rPo+xgecKo KoHcTsHTo oT r4clP- 3HoK!T l(oro, tloTBeTHo or ABoiHoTo llopKo. HO nPeAnPrrTleTo nPeAcToBnrBo cTPoro ycTorioaes (noloPeH nPoeKD)t B xoiTo BxlyonHoTo

[3o6PoxeHre xrpoe rrBeCTHq ponr, Ho npoeKTnPoHeTo (oooplaneH}leio) Ho sAenrelo ca ocTOBO OnPeAenrqo, kOTO HenpektCHOTO Ce 40

BreHoT nPeaalla Bcr,lqKx cPe4cTBo ln r(orlKyPeHqrlrTo. ToBo nPeanonolo no3HoaoHe Ho cloT_ BeTHrt exoHlt3!l,r Ho aeicTsle r ecToTo Ho

npecxgoHe (6nr,5); ro roxe Ao ce nocrrlrHe coxo B npeanpurrrreTo, Koro ce B3efioT nPeaBxA HenocpeacrBeHhTe cb6[TMt.

AxoH ,leHrH Koro

<<nepcnel(Tr{ao

po3.

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flph cBor cropr npea[ Aecer roAr.{Hn Burlnc o6rpHoxo Br,{xr,roHve He aotro c Myrnkoro cx, HO v C He6PeXflOTO OTHOUIeHIe KlM SbtltlJHl,lt cx Era. Te q/nrxBrPoxo csorTo i|y3rKo,

Ho 3oeaHo

a roBo l/l BlHluhocTTo cr.{. oqe cnea nrPBl,tTe ycnexn oT Kpoino 3oHe oPeH[, BSHUJeH Bra ce Po3ax eavH aPyr, TnnmeH, ecrerrqecxr (nopArpxoHD. Colr AxoH fleHtH 3otBr: (Tpt63o

PHITIPS ao ,!3rnexaoL! ao6Pe,30 ao Ye 3o6enrsBor!)

l_'loHexe HnKoe npeanpl,lirxe aHec He npoaoBo coMo cToKr, o sege H ycnyrr, To TPr6Bo 6LPlo h cnryPr{o ao ce oPr€HrnPq r ao rio ePn .Boero

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(ThnfiqHoro> He BnHorr,r e cneqHOvqeH coMo ro aoa€Ho np€anpuflT e l,lnli qoseK Roa. nc. PoHo Poaosele cu rfloxo cBorl reP6oBe. Boi-

BllnPre o nPea{

ckHTe

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cBou 06-

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B xsKossoHero.

Tli (oro

qoBeK

c(noHeH Ao

Bcl,r'{Ko ar3yoIHor soToro cToBo

Heo6xoAr,r.1o'{pe3 BnsyonHoro fiio6poxeHre Ao

ce Ho6nerHe rori-HonpeA Ho crqecTseHoro.

PosroBoprre B tloHAoH 3oBbprunxc 6e3 Ao ce

Aone foqHo onPeaeneHfe Ho FopKoTq l, Ho ax3)ro,rHoro Ia306paxeHl,le. AHrno-coKcoHqrre Hrror HOSHI<O Ao nocToBoT HeqoTo B cTporr, or(oaeifiqH, poHxn. Ho crBeutoH,rero ce peur[ npflH-

qrno

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Ho 3OAeH nnOH a flOn3o Ho npoBepKoTd Ho noBet{e BopnoHrr.r (npoHeHnrs}r BennqrHh), HoiHOnPeA AO Ce O6bpHe BExnOHne Ho C6Aopxo-

He-

H,1eTo,

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c HorPoaoro

<3no7H4

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' <Drr, I

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po6o ce orn[9oBor

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KEP N

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auHo. EaBH

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l.l c!o6po3ehx c rexHonornrro.

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6ercrnro-

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Ho KOHnneKCHO OqeH(O HO KOqeCTBOTO C yqOCTteTO

HO eKCIePTI: excneprnre onpeAenrr lHogxiocrro Ho csoi-

ctBoTo, nllre;

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CTOBEH'' TOKO:

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xtrero n e 6porr Ho Blerrale npeAsxA csoicrBo, H., Mz, Mn rHogrrocrro Ho cBoicrBoro, Kr, K2, Kn -oqeHKo xo noxosqTenlre tO ko-

floxecraoxe ro3h (rorr,r, nopopu

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nynoTo;

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cTaoTo, oqeHtrfe Ho noko3oTenrTe, KoMnreKcHOiO OqeH(O (BXATT HO oyH!<qrrTo iioxe AO 6rae norly.reH or 06po6orKoro Ho excnoprHXTe OqeHKr).

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xnr nPoqeco, onpeaeflrHero Ho

arloePeHq,r-

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_v_______, Sxcnepm

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1) oproHu3oqffi Ho AonflrBoHero; 2) nposexAoHe Ho AonnrBoHero; 3) 06po6orko Ho peiynrorhre x

nonyqoBoHe

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porneaorae

Konro crropea

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hrKnloqnlenHo Br{rlMoHue Ho BbHrlllil,, BHA Ho nporyxqas,o, HonrnHo e BeporrHo roi sHHor/

3aBuUJoBo 3Ho'{eB,!eTo Bo rorrl rpyfio, r,e. o6utoro xy oqe8Ko ute HHo crclehBo rPeulko. Aro onvrorle HrKoilko nr,Tt1 excnepro Ao onPe' aen,l lHo,]llr.iocTTo Ho orAenHlre cBo;crso, Pe-

noA6opr,T Ho eKcnepTh1e. AeicTsrlenHo, ToqHocTTO HO eKCrepTHoTo oqeHXO 3oBxcl,l npell1

acuvxo or xsonr$uxor.lr,rrro lo eKcnepro. Axo norPeurHocrro r.to rl3MepHrenHr.{, ypea ce nposeprBo necHo 9pe3 HeroBH, eTonoHr c eKcnepTHofo oueHKo po6oToyo e xHoro no-cnoxHo, rrcruHcKoro 3HoqeHl,e so oqeHrBoHsro

senhqxHo e Hel,3secYHo. Ilpu s:euoue Ho peureHre (Bux cxeHoro) slpxy excneprs BHAeicyByBor po3nxvHH npeqKr, npeAHrsrr(Boqx norpeuHo oqeHrBoHe. flpuero e Te3la rpeurxr, 4q ce c rror Jo cny,{oiH(, koero

e npoBrr,Ho. fpeu:rnre roror 4o 614or c,icreMH{, x cnyqoiHla. Te 30Brrcrr or onfir-

eABo nt1

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HOC CO HOli-BO)KHrl.

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3yrToTxTe l,]te 6LAoT Po3nhqH,1-ToBo e cny,ro;Ho rpetuKo. Ako cr'rrroMe, qe rPeuKflTe Ho ekcneprlrr€ co coio cnyqoiErl! c HsnI(H t4rKnloqeSrir, oxeh 4o cHrroMe, qe no-To,]rlo cqeHKo roxeH Ao nonyqrM B perynror or o6po6orKoro HO r4HoroKPGTHX OqeHKh, AoBoH14 oT eAnH t,|

h rx{opxourr, fieo6xoario Ho excneprHre n, -cny'{. nPe'{(k, nPeax3BrrxBou]h noiBoro Ho cflygorlHx- rPeurKl, 11

npe4urar,rxBoLr.lu norBoro Ho cllcreurPeurKx Po . . . P-aHo'{eHxe Ho noKqrorenHTe 3o

crcr.

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KoHnnekcHo oqelixo Ho o6eKTo

Cneaoaorenxo eKcnepaxoro oqeHKo rluo crea-

Tyx a no-rotorux no4 excnep q oqeHKo

po,6vpo onpeAenrH€To Ho sHot{n ocrro, oqeHxoro Ho tioKororenrte Hq cBoicrBoro r,t KoMnnekcHoTs oueHKo Ho KoqecTBoTo.

K:K,..+A

(2)

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e ,cTr.tHcKoTo SHogeHre Ho oqeH-

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K:A K,..+K.Y'

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(l) 47

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no_

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Htkonko rypo c nl.cfieHo o6ocHoBosoHe

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rpellHocrro, Tli Koro 30 roBo e Heo6xoatlt'lo

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B3or4t41'lo BP!3KO, EKCneP-

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6poHn ro e,(cnepro. HoFlrlporre Ho

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HeroBoro po3po6orKo co Heo6xoAr,ltlr,{ xHoro cio'rrlcTiqecKu aoBH , ToBo He OT egt, Po3_

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BPe e: eAxH-aBo

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no-flororrk cror.r Bbnpoctr 3o po3Po6orRoro Ho xoproro 3c aonrrBoHero. Btnpocr4Te

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40 po3nonoro c po?nrqHo qecTeeHl, H kontqecTBeHU

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re ao 6!aoT

npt!BnugoHn

pobaTo

Ho nPoBexaoHe Ho HeTosraTe perynroTu (KoeTo nPeacToBnrBo cl,alpxoHr!eTo Ho rPeT,1, eTon).

Bcu,rK,l 're3h Heroar o6oqe co o6ea NeH,l or ToBo, qe eKcflepTHTe rpr6Eo Ao onpeAerrr, koe or ABere csoicrBo e no-BoxHo ,1 (s HrKo'l cny' ,ro'a) ao KoKso EKcneprure B crEeTcKoTo nPoxr6Ko 06rlKHoBeHo onpeaenrT

o 30 nocrorHHo po6o1o. B po6ororo Ho H. llorceeB ce o.16enr3Ba, qe (ekcneprrrj ko;ro rpr6Bo cHcreMHo ao orroBoP' Ho eaeH 14 clLr.iu slnpoc (sn,1 Hq 6n,1rKx

SHO9tlhOCTTO HO CBOiCTBOTO

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X Mj:.on.t (j:1, 2,.. n) j:1

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Toeo orporrverre ycnoxHrBo po6ororo, rlii .o1o: nP/ o.lPeAenrHe lHouHro(l to ho c3o;cTBOTO, Ce HOnOTO-rH AO 6!Ae CpoBHTBOHO He cor.1o clc 3HoqllrlocTro Ho ap/ro cBoicTBo, flo TPT6SO AO Ce OTYI1TOT. t4 3HOqTIMOCTUTe HO sc14eKI ocToHonu cBoicTso; flpH onpeaenrHe

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HO SHOqTHOCTTO, CInOC_iOBrHe-ro HO OTAenHrTe

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aoxolo

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ro onPeae.r,,{e sroq/"i::I:;.P:-"."' 'ec, u, r. Ar.onbaoB o']xcBo rJ ect Me-oao )o

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xoto t,3,(n1o'.1|l qocT oT caoicyBoTo, croTBeTHO AO y6enhqn 3Hoqt4xocTTo Ho ocIoHonrTe.

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c T e i o, T. e. clBKynHocT ol B, o lt fl H o cBrpsoHI eneHeHTr, 6porr Ho cBoricrBoro He ohBo Ao ce HoHonrsor rbi xoro roBq Hopy-

tlJoBo crcTeioTo M CneaoBoTenHo, flpexrqrcnrBoHero Ho 3Ho. 4trocrr4Te Ho cBoicrBoTo ysent-

'.toBo rPeL!KOTO. 3oroBo ttptr oqelxoro Ho r(ovecraoro, cnea Koro

e(cnePTrTe CO Onpeaenrnx !HoqIr.locTHTe Ho cBoicTBoro, u3cneAoBoTerrT e AnlxeH Ao x3-

noniyao nlpBoHoqorro onpe4enearr, $uxcu-

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n3BoA, Hr,l

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ceAei, Heo6xoAl,tho e Te Ao ce o6eAuHsr B ctBKynHocT. 3HOq}jlrocTlo Ho npocTxre cBo;cT3o (T,e. Ho cBoicrBoro, Kor,tro He ce polnoro.r)

ce onpeaen, B

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Ho Hoi,cno,(Ht!Te CBoiCrBd,

oTKdqecTaoto Ho o6ekTd (11). CoHo

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HO TpeTrffi

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lroclxie. o6po6orxofd Ho pe3ynrorr{Te ce

l43-

or eKcnepr! eHroToPo. Cnopea noc, Hoi-e+eKTHn eKcneprHx eroah co: MeTOA Ho clnocTo BtHe no 4Boixr,r, -KOiTO O!HOqOBO, qe eKCnepTtT qpeS ClnoclosrHe no aBoixr4 cPoBHrBo csoicTsoTo ll onp€Aenr Hoi-BoxHrrTe or BcrKo aBoiKo (hoTeBrpruBo

rloTr{qecKoTo o6po6oTRo 3o oflPeaerlrHe 3HoqeHl4rTo HO lHOgt!i1OCTXTe Ce h'BIPUJBO OT eKcnePl,l esroroPo); CbnOHO fl O C n e ,q O B O T e n H -HeTOA '! cf osrHt!r. Hq xqi-eoxeoto cBoicTBoceaoBo

HO AeCeT.38O,{I,lMOCTTO HO ocToHolttTe csoicTBo ce onPea€n, xoro cTeneH HO TTXHOTO SOXHOCT S CpOBHeHl'e C HOi-BOXHr,!Te cBoicrBo. Koi oT Te3l,l aso e'roao aoBo noTOqHO 3HO']eHr€ HO SHOrl,IMOCTTO, KOKBO e Ho To3ll o6nocTTo Ho rrxHoTo nPnnoxeHrte 3HOqTHOCT, POBHO

Blnpoc iroroT ao ofrosoPrT co o-

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e Heo6xoar o 4(r ce PeuH loaoqcro 3(1 noBxuJoBoHe Ho rrxHoto ToqHocr; Hoi-Boxlll4Te x

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TO e

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3. h.

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(CTporrenlHo, ro3ero)

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1969 roA.

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co). KreB. <Horxoso AyqKo).

7. !O. Aanep.

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(nporpeo) 1966 r.

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ieToao aJlr 113,leP€Hl,r, (o'iecTBo. lr xovecrBo)'1969N9',|

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BCrrqrx nPocrPqHfiBeHx QoPr4t4, Ko14TO t'1ofoT

Ao 6rAor po3rneAoHrl r(oro 3orBoPeHr! noslPxHtlr{Hn 0oPHr.

AKo B.upxy eaHo floBlpxtlxHo HoqePToeH HrxonKo Buao r,{pexu (oMr.8), Hofi-6rP3o

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3ono

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|.1pexoro, !(or1o e c HenPoBrnHtl BP!3K,. 14r1eHHo 3OroBO Xrrl€xAy C6O6oAHO HOqepTOHh kPrB14

nu{uh (qur, 9), porxsspnnrr no

ioxeM necHo Ao

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not1ePfiM nPoBoTo! KorTo, ocBeH 9e oTaoBoP, Ho yclloBxero 3Cl onTrhonBo

orlirroHe e r,r eanHCTBeHo xexay 6erxpoixo HHOTOTO KPt Br.

1,1;cneaaoixx npeo6po3yBoHr,rrro Ho eaBo (hoP o, Hoxei ao nprehei xnocu(hr4Koql,rrro i or rono_

,rofl,!gHo rreaHcr ToqKo KoTo flrlocl(o

nPocT_

poxcraexo ($ur. 10). B nrpeoro rPyno co no' arPxHr,!Hlfl4Te (FrlryPr, KoxTo r oT rPoHr,!qH14

pr6ose-Hoprqor ce orEope8, r,| xe o6xgoqor onpeaeneHs 'rocrl oT nPocTPoHarBoTo. PornrKoro t,lexay or4enxure rlxo4xu <!oprr'r 54

floBrPx_

nPocrPoHctsoro. nPox3nr3o or norxqe_

Hr,1Hr,r,

lorPoxaou,llr 9ocTn

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u.lor,t crrrlecTByBor

qerBrproro f,reropx, cl(oro r(oM6hHoqr!r uo xPfireParre 30

a€ne-

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aBycTPoHHH PeHX noBbPXHr,rHr,!, MOIOT AO CluleCTByBor X easoclpoHsll l,| 3oTBoPeHt noB!pxHUHH. Te3U

Tero, o6o,{e, He tloror Ao ce nocrporr B TPr,!r1!'

l'lePHoto nPocTPoHcrBo. Cposxrrenno HeoraoBHo e BrrHMKHons rperoro

koreroP,l, BopeHH,

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noBrpxHyHrl

xorro xro

,te HerlH fipororHn He e HoHepeH oqe B ioo6rl(onruloTo Hl' cpeao, 1.lo qoBeK e 'rolyponHo s crclorHre ao Hrrpoar.t ToK14Bo flosl,pxHrHH.

hcropuvecxr,r qtnoro reoMerprr, \ror< Ao cpeAoro Ho XIX aeK, He e rrnr3flo 6 csonre 06aTPOKTH,r r(oHCTPyKrlUU

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Ho HOTepnOnHoTo cTpyKTypo, o l,tHeHHoi HOqUHbT 3ct pGnpeaeneHue Ho BeulecTBoiot HeroBoTo nPxHqxnHo aeneHr4e Ho qocT, I HoKOTO

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lPuTe ocHoBHn nopeaHu enex€HTo: To'{t(h, of-

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HXre B nP'IPOAOTO tfopnr CtUleCtSyeOnO a - Bcu,,txr,1 NoreI(OTerOPUr,!Te nrpBO r,r BTopo. PXOiHT nPeAHer{ flprTexoBoT qepTx Ho cTpoe-

xo,

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FlpuroxeflHe Ho MeroAq Ho reoierprqxo onxcoHHe Ho +op}lorc llpe4croeexure Heroar, 3cr r<nq€r(puKoq,{, Ho cTpoexo, orHo(ru.lr,! ce 4o o6crpoKTH,ire reoHeTPXqHh reno, oroT ao 6rlqoT h3nofi!yBoH14 no-HoToTlK 3o onrcoHne Ho crpy$ypoTo Ho KoHXperHH npoc'rpcHcraeHta +opMri, Aocrorr,lHo

e ao ch

npuaol.l:{hr.r corlo porrfo Ho roKrBo cxeHv Br,B 0fi3hK4ro r,r xH rrr-ro. BrHfioHe noA BHhMoHHe coHo Hoii-Heo6xoA,i|1xTe 'aePT 3(l 0nPeAeflrHe Ho xopoKT€pncTr-

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onpeaen, oayrlhr B Toxo HonprHep Ho

pnr Ho

qerrocTTo Ho EPexors.

u.Jecrre BHAo ocoBo crHer-

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flo seffioPx t,l Pea A-

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xsoaporo. ToBo flo3Boitao ao nPe(Po9ni rPo_ HHrluTe Ho qncToTo reoileTPrr, KoTo cx nocny' xl no-HoToflx c Hei rTe enefleHT{ I noHrfl'lt. Pucynxoro (t!r,rr. 13) nokG3Bo nPo(rr49ec(oro peureHre Ho n0406He reoHerPrqH{ celrBorlu.

hloo5oreH[rr c no oulro Ho qficroro KoH6 ,oiopr*o *orono. croBo Heo6xoal!rr, or<o ce nP6€Me CtOlBeTeH Knloq

oTl{oueHuero tlo

cxehoTo r(!fl aeicraulerHocTTo. feoHerpnqHoro cxello xoxe ao 6!ae Hocl'l_ TeHo n c aPyru xoqecrBo, KoTo HOnPnMeP: PO3'

Hs BerqecrBolo ao(o3oaencrBo e 14. OraenHltre xo;lox(t.t- orroBoptr Ho oc_ ioanrr" .pyna Ho roBo po:nPeaeneHxe: 1-Bo nPeaeneHrle

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xrri, qe cborBerHoro +opllo e onpeaeneflo or c6op or roqKr, nexoulH BtPxy HeiHoro

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oT rovKr4 onP€aen, clPoexo poBHolHoqHo, cBrprBoHelo Ho Toql<r4Te c nuHl,x o6Po]yBo hPexM.

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(+ur. 19). HenpoBrnH co Bcr.tq,(l, Hpexrr KoHro fe oTroBoPrT Ho ycnoB{eTo 30 npoBllnHocT. fipe.qcroeexrre rpu npuMepo floKo3Bor ynpoxBeHrr, npoBexaoHx ctc cTyaeHT}rTe oT cneqronHocr (reKclr.t,r> BLs Bhnh <H. noenoerv> Ho 1e s ([']poBlrnHfi Hpexl,l clc c eceHo creneH s7

Ho npoBxnHocr) lhtAr. 70, 71 u 22\.

2. fpyflH Ho cr}rerp{, B nnoc(rae llpex{ h36ecrHx co rpu Briao Hoi-06uto onpeaerrurr,l cHMerP,!q8r,! rPynI BrPxy PoBHuHofo. Toso co poroqur, nprasHxBoHe n orneaoneH o6Po3 (O'rl.. 23). Ho ro3u Oxrypo co noxo3oHr.r r.H. (rBlPAx 4BuxeH,rr), nPl, Kor4ro qrnoTo +{-

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cipoHcrBeHl,, 11 noBrPXHxHHH,

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(0nr.24). B

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3ono,rBore po3rnex4oHelo oT flnqcroBnre c{-

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ce nporBtBoT

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l,]rPoxaoHe Ho noneTo, Btpxy ocHoBoTo Ho xsoaPoiHo Mpexo, x3BlpruBoMe aBrxeHrrro rpoHcnoqnfl (nprABrxAote), o6ptqoxe I orneAon80 cr,iHeTpff no HoanrxHoTo x HoflpeqHoro oc. Br,e Qrr.25 co noKo3oHr.r oo.roBHhre qeTrp14 Bl3|1oxHocrx 3o nu eiHo polrrpeAener4oayno, 59

nonyr{EHl,l RHnfv B EhEnhorEKATA r{A r-lnExn '1. Tponu)/c B. fponuqsr apx reKrypbr, f1., hcKyccrBo, 1971, 288 c,

2. hH*eHepHo, ncnxonorm B npsxeHeHfie K npoeKrxpoBoHrrrc 060pyaoBoHr.rr. Peg. T. MoproH n ap, nep. c oHrn. M., MournHocrPoeH€, 1971,

488 c., c

hnn.

HenbcoH

npo6neMbr aH3oiHa.

M,,

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Kyccrso, 1971, 208 c.

4. nonos T. ['], ,lHxeHepHo, ncuxonoru,

poanofloxoqHn (clcrerro,lHAhl(oroP-oneporop),

noa pea. B. Iy'. Hrl(onoeso. M., Coa. poauo, 1971, 142

c. c

Y,^n.

Pose8ronh P., X. Porq(o l4cropur npnKnoaHoro xcKycciBo HoBoro BPeMeHr. M., 14cKyc.i6o, 1971, 272 c., c unn.

6. B lE D M A C., P, D'Alfonso Die Sprache der Zeichnung. Der wartegg-biedma-test, Eine Ab\ryandlunt der Wartegg-tests. Bern etc. Hans

a Huber (Cop. t'11s9), 11'l p., ill.

7. DOBLIN J. Perspective a nev/ system for designers. 7 ed. New lork, Whitney Library of Design, (Cop. 1969) 66 P, ill 8. FELLER P., F. Tourret L'outil. DialoSue

de l'homme avec la machine. S. L.. Albert de Visscher, 1970,225 p., ill. 9. FRIEDMANN Ar., J. Pile, F. Wilson lnterior Design. An introduction to architectural interiors, New Jork, Elsevier, (CoP. 1970) 302 p., ill. 'lO. LURANlG. Storia delle l'4acchine da corsa. Verona L'Editrice dell'automobile, (CoP. 1970),3r8 D.. ill. 11. 'NELSoN G. Problems of desiSn. 2 ed. New Jork, whitney Lybran/ p., ill.

1965) 204

Design (CoP.