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rd qoaeuJ*o
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48 50 52
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ieA, opx, ToAop MnoAeHos, H.c. CrorH Hx" l<onos, B.c. k.H, l,lsolr CnoaoB, cr. H.c. uHx. KoHcroHrrH Cnlasxos, Aoq. Bocr,rn Crornos l-leHrrp 30 npot|r,iuJneHa ecrerHxo co+ur, 6yn. <Torne6eH> 34
H,KOH PE3ynTATr4 OT I43CnEABAHETo HA METOAA 3A NPOEKTAHTCKO YAk
62:7,05:001.18
nporHoirpoHeTo Ho florpe6tlrencKxre cBoicrBo
e ea$o ot
HO nPOHULlIleHITe nrAenlln
cneqx$nvr.rure :o4orr,r Ho xyAoxecrBeHoao npoekrrpoH€. Oco6eHo oKTyonHrl croBor nporHoclxrrHrTe xy 3oaoqx B cB€TnuHoTo Ho peuleHHrTo Ho XXIV KoHrpec lro KnCC ]o onpeAenru.|.lre TexnoBe Ho nPorlrBoacTBoTo Ho npeaHeTx 3.r HoPoaBo noYpe6neHre npe! HoBoro n€T[neTxo. nper 1971 r. oraerlr Ho BHI,4L1T3 no reop", nPoalnxu ,racneaBoHrrrro no To3n rel.lo. cTo, rrlrro Ho prKoBoarrenl Ho rexoro opx. E. Tpn-
ropree o6o6qoao Hrr{o, or nocrrrrortaTe
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MeNT' 01 o6roBeXAOserO Ho rHTePfiOpO B xt',lnru.lHrr, 06q€cTseHh k nPoxrBoacTseHfi crPoa}l
{
TPoHcnoPfHn cpeacTBo.
npl,l ToBo Bcr.r,rkM Te3r l{ ilHoro APyrx eneileHT.l oT nPeaHerHoro cPeAo MHoro qec1o He .d cior(ll I iHoro TpyaHo e ao ce roBoPrl nPl. Trx 3q crPyK_
rypo Ho rLpceHero. l'lpo6nerrr 3o
TpyalocrfTe npu nnoHrpoHero Ho nPo,l3aoACTBOTO HO I3AenUfi rrecio ntT' co calprollll c
Ho Hsnon3yBoHriTe Meroar,l 3(I nPorHo3r,rPoHe. h3non3yBoT ce rnoBHo HeTo_ HeaocTorrrteTe
onepo.rh6Ho-cToTrcrrqecKo oTql,lroHe
HO CTOKOO6OpOTO
MeroAlr io npoeKloHrcl(o nporH03rpoHe,
AOAe RoHKPeTHO nPOrHo3o
lo
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Ho
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,rrlcKBoHr,li. ocBeH TosO S OCOPTUMeHTO Tpr6so 40 ce sKnbqBoT r, Tokr4so eatl8fiq, oT npea, HeTHOTo (peAo, r{or1To corlo ycnosso oroT ao
6!40r
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r
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po6orBoH s c(peporo Hd rnpoMr,rrunexoro ecierxKo, e flP,llsoH ao aonirlHu opceHono oT.cpeacTBo ]o nPo Ho3,1poHe ll. nolaonrBo Ho xyaoxHn.lnTe-nPoe(roH ry ao yrrocrByBoT ycneLjJHo BtB oopM14poHero Ho onrrMonHfi, ocopir,rxexr x B npoe(T,rPoHeTo 8o nepcneKT,tsHx xtaent,l, c KyflryPso-5r,roBo npeaH03HoqeHre. TpoAr,rr.lxoHHoio r3cneaBoHe Ho crpyKTyporo Ho ,3AerrrTo ce aoal, no 46e rxH14u: npoln3BOACTBeHo-r,rkoHoxrqeckoTo nporH03npdHe urxoxao oT B!3,'roxHocrrT€ Ho oTpoclno, cToKoBeacxoTo Ho fbpceHeTo Ha - or cTpyKTypoTo gnaoBe cToKr. Groxoseacxoro clulecTByBoulnYe xscneABoHe Ho ftpceHero o6ocHoaoBo npol|firuneHxre noprvKu to trnpo6sor.rr.t' sl,lAoBe fi3AenHr, Hryo eA{rrr,!rr, Hr,tro Apyrrrr MeroA 3(l onpeAenrHe Ho ocoprhMeHTo o6oqe He Hoxe
ene-
nporHorr,r-
poHero Ho 6r,aeqoTo flPeaxeTHo cPeao o6oqe B(,lloqBO peUlOAOHerO l,l HO Te3'
arre ro
40
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(oflx-
B
nPor3aoacTBoTo l.l norpe6neHrero 8o po3nrqHrle rPynr croKr. npoeKloHrckrrr eroa Ho nporHo3r4po8e Ho
norPe6urenc(rre c60icrBo Ho aPoHl,|uneHtlre q3aenl,l, { polBrT[eTo Ho .lPea €TtroTo .Peao rroxe ao nprBneqe s c(b€poro Ho nPorHosr4PoHero cpeAcrBo, cneqr{rqH, 3o xyaoxecrBeHoro nPoexTrpoHe. oco6eHocrrTe Ho To3}l 11eToA c€ clcTorT rnoBHo B ToBo, qe Toi notBoniBo ao ce nPeaBxxaoT (oHnneKcHo r,r €HHo noTPe6urencxvre cBo;.Tso Ho Hraenrrro, o He cyoKoB€Ac(rre nphrHorrx (rkn, Hopxo, po.iep, pbcr,
tioAent, r.H.). noA (floape6rrencK,r cBoicrBo, ce Po36rpo onpeAeneHs clcTeHo or BlontloorHotUeflx, |lexay qoBexo
t' flpeal,eTHm
cBrT,
ycnoBHo Po3aenrHl,' Bo coqxonHh, yTxnrToPHo$ynxqrononxu, eproHorlr,rgHra n ecrerfiqecr<h B3Or,tl{ooTHo!ueHvr. [lporrorrpoxero xo norpe-
6lrencxr.rre csoricrao rpr6eo Ao Alpxn cMerKo
ro crBKynHocrro or o6ulecrBeHo-none3HH cBo;crBo Ho nPeaMeTor r.€. ao ,rMo nPeaBra Kor(-
TO l,r3ticKscHr.rrTo, ocrryPrBou.l11 ,o Hq flone3eH e{exr npr noYpe6rsoHe 80
.PearleTo, To(o H ,t!xcxBoHkrTo, xoHTo xoPor(repHrr.rpor HorepxonHMre 3ory6H 3o npoHiBexaoHe (un( npl,lao6t,'BoHe) la eKcnnooror.ry, Ho
E. TPh TOPhEB npe.oA or cn. (TexH{c..xq,
rcrerHkq,,5p. ii/lr7i
llpoexrorrcxurr
norpe6xrencxnre csoicrBo Ho npoi,lurneHhre
c
nPeaH(rlHoqeH !o HenocPeacTseHo x3non3yBdHe oT xyaoxecrBeHo-npoeKroHTcxo 6rcpo, or oPro_ HeroA3<t nporH03npoHe
Hrre ho eKcnepTlr3oro Ir or nnoHuPoulure oProHr3oq{r. ocHoBHoro lraes Ho ileroao ce ctcrot,| E o6eArHrsoHe Ho a!3HoxHoc1l1Te 30 flPorHoso }l nPoexT xo1o aBe B [3BecTeH cHl4cLn nPoTrBOnOnO)l<tll,r HOqOnO
eCfecTBeHO,
PO3XPI,{BOUTO
- po3Bnrlero Ho npoqeco o6eKT[BHxr xoA Ho (nporHo3q) r,r rl3KycraeHo, cBrp3oHo
l,l
c
flocaoBrt-
perlJeHreTo Ho HqpMolnBSoTO SOAO'IO (npoeKro). ToBo o6eprlfirBoHe e asone(rr9ecKo, ocHoBoHo Brpxy pGpeusBoHero Ho npoTxBopeqfirYo qpe3 crcTeHo or aeicTB[r, no-cnoxHr or flporHorllpoHelo r nPoei<rr,!PoHeTo nooTHeTO
Crurecreyeor MHo.o noaxoAlr 3o onpeiaenrHe o6eKTo Ho nporHo ,ipoHero. Cnopea acr,rvxr,t
Trx o6oqe,
nPorHo!,1poHeTo
xoxta (ecrecraea), r.e,
e
cBrP3oHo
po3BxBoLr,t
c
Hr-
ce no co6cr-
o nPorHo3oTo (oro npeaeor rPlqKl.l) o3HoqoBo (3HoHri 30
BeHr,r 3oKoHr,! o6eKT,
aer,l ayiloTo
6rAeutoro) crcrorHlle Ho ro3H ecrecraeio po3ar,rsoul ce o6err. fl porr.rorucr-rr,4!yqoao 3oxoHor1€pHocrrre Ho po3BhrHero Ho o6eKTo or nory' qurre Ho crpoHr{eHr,rn xo6nrcaoren (<ecrecrao ,3nxToTen)) l, c no-ronrHo snn no-MonKo roeHocT nt,oBr,l r4rBoaH
B 6ueu.re
c
ro ToBo, KoKso qe ce cnytrBo
ro3la o6e(r
ynr c
HeroB6Te ene-
flporH03rcrtr l3cneaBo rpoe(Topr,trro Ho aBxxeBrero Ho o6eKTo, Koro onpeAen, onr{HeHix.
MonHoro BpeHe, pecypcrre x r.H., 11eo6xoArMrl 3O no.TrroHe Ho qenxTe B nocToBeH,lTe cpo(oBe, AoKoro coilnrr o6exr ce porBrBo 6€3 Hr4xoKBo BrlA€icrBne oT cTpoxo Ho nporHorxcro. B nporreononoxxocr ro roso por6upone o6exTrr e (u3xycrBeHo) 06porysoHe, ct3aosoHo B flpoqeco Ho TBoPqecTBoTo (qpe3 ct3aosoHe Ho ,lAeqnHo 6!Aeqe)2.
O6exrrr no npoeKroHrcxoro nporH03xpoHe c cnoxHo oTHoureHye oT Trno t{oBex-npeAHer, (o€ro nprr€xoBo Hop+onorl,l, r qeHHocrx.
I )oroasr rero4rru
xyaoxecrBeHHoro xoHcr rpoaoxr.rr M., (BH,4hT3), 1970, crp. 6 9. npobneMbr ,renoBeKo B cospeMeHHon Slrno codhx, M., (HoyKo), 1969, c.77 .
7
ura€nvr, Pe3ynTor oT
nPoeKTHoTo nPorHorx
poHe, l,lHol clorBeTHo HoPsonorrrrHo l,l qeHHocTrlo clarpxosue. Mopoororr,{ecKx noTPe6xrencK,ire cBoficrBo flo.or Ao ce l(noch+llLruPoT cnoPea cTeneHTo Ho onocpeacTsrBoHe 8o B3Or,f4OOTsoUeX(rTo HeXAy qoBe(o x nPeA€To (or rPyno nPeaHern, c Kor,rro rioBeK Bnu3o HenocPeacrBeHo Brs B3snxoorHoueHMr, ao rPyno flPearaelr! Korl-ro o1HocrTenEo coMocrof,TenHo
ocrutecTBrBoT r(oHTpono
po6or{lre 6yHKql1r, Ho
Ho qoseKo). orpoHHoro
rloa
r,lHoxecTBo
k porHoo6porx€To Ho Bpr3l(l1Te iexay '{oseKo u npeaHerxre onpeaenir u t1{oroo6Porrero HO Texirkre noTP€6xrencKfi cBoicrBo. B qeHHocrHo oTHoureHxe noTPe6rTencKxTe aBo;cr5o
orPo3rBor 06qecTBeHo 3HoqnrlrTe oTHoureHff xexay 6r,aeulrre nPeaneru u 6}4eLloro o6ulecr6o.
B ToJn
ocfleKT B o6eKlo
ToHTCKOTO nporHO3l,rpOHe
Ho
Ce orpOrrBOT
npoeKt1AeO-
nfiTe lr xynrypHl,rr€ Hopr4, r{o xopoTo or 6!ae-
qoro
o6qecrao.
TpyaHocrro Ho nporHo3r,rpoHero ce clcror,i s onPeaerrHe aeicYBufenHoro crPyKryPo Ho 6r-
,qeu,lllTe qeHHocTr4 ,! florPe6rrencKl' nPeanoqnToHr,,r, ueHHocTr.rTe fi xaeonxfe ce MeHrT HenPel(tcHoTo B nPoqeco Ho qoseurKoTo Aeu(He |loror ao HOCT. UeHHOCTTO x vAeono 6rAor HonoxeH, Ho 'roBeKo Koro roroB qeprex, koro n{oHor Koro (B}HL!Ho rlrpKo, u eronoH. HonpornB, Bcn,{K, nr<oHlr r,r eronoH}r rpr6so ao ce HePrr c rrrPKoTo r,ro crBrPLrieHcrBoro Ho HenpexrcHoro po3rpruloul cBohTe
Xy4oxn r,r xrr-n poexroHT, crorul Ho norrqnr,rre Ho nPoekToHTcKoTo flporH03xpoHe, rpr6Bo ao clrlroBo cnoxHocrro Ho o6exro, c roiTo po6orr. Hot4crrxo xegrr.roxHo e ao ce onp€aenrr flpeA-
BOpnrerHo Bcrr.rl(r,, crpoflr,r Ho o6eKro, 30utoTo ule non3BoT cr3aoao8l1Te or
xoPoTo! xorTo cor1rrTe
Trx
nPeaheTx, nocTorHHo (porrpru.loT,
caohTe tEoP'{ecK, Bt3lloxgoaiI.
Moror nlr xyAoxHlrrlfire-npoekroHrtt Ao
,13'
Bx.: OcHoBbr r€xHriqeckoi screruxn. Po. -rxpe8Hbre re3l.cbr. 14., 1970 (BH14l.1T3). 3. ly'n6eHKos, 06 r.qonox r rAeoflox. M.,
lIontrrr.l,4or, 1968, crp.
65
nonryBoT cPeAcTBoTor TpoarqxoHHo po3po6oTBoHI B rrPOrHOCTr,rl(OrO? oqe npeax aecea ro' a14H{ r€!,, cPeacrBo co ce Po3rn€xaon,1 KoTo TfcHo (oqeHrqHr)! HecBrP3oHx npiKo c nporHo3npoHeTo. Kr Trx ce oTHocrT nPeal, Bcnq(o cpeacTsoTo 3o (r,rlcneaBoHe Hq onePoqx,!),
o6xBouloul, orpoMeH Arono3oH or
r.1or€Mo-
rrqecKH MeTOAn, Po3Po6oTeHx B TeopHrTo
xrprTer TeoPnrfo 3o cToTrcrxqecK,lTe HMr, TeoplrrTo 3(l
3(r
PeuJe. MocoBoTo o6cnyxBoH€, B po3-
nMqHnTe TeoPxu
ro onTrHonBo nnoHfipoHe, ]r T.H.5 TyK ce oT-
BOp$OqroHHo l13r1l4cneHne
HOCrr r,r 8rKol, cPeacrBo, xoxTo no-PoHo co 6,!nI cBrp]oHu clc cncre orexHHKoro (npoeKTlpoHe Ho roneMr cncTeHx) x HoTeMoTrqecKoTo cToTtlcTl,!Ko KoTo cottocTorTenHo aIcqrnnll8o6. ly'3Knlo,{eH,!e npoBrr cpeacrBoro 3o nporH03r,,poHe, ocHoBoHr.r s]'Pxy x3nonryBoHero Ho cy6e(T BHr BeporrHocrrl (eKcneprHn Heloax), kolrro
oT HHOrO OTAOBHO CO nPerCKOlBOnk 6lAeUJelO (ToKo HopeqeHoro (aen+uricKo rexHxKo))
or
BcnqKr nPorH03xPolr.lx cxcTeMlr,
crqecTBy-
sout,l B npo(Tr,fl(o1oz, oxono 80yo co cBrp3oH,
c
excnePTHo aonrTaoHe.
ly' roKo, cpeAcrBoro Ho clBpeH€HHoro oporHo' rxpoHe co aocro nrcrpH. nporHolr,lcrHTe ce ciPeHrr ao ocnrrnxPof li ln3nonlyBor BcxqKx cpeacrso, s roao qrcno u cneqr,r{r,r.+rrre noxsoT14 Ho xyaoxecTseHoTo nPo€Krr,lPoHe. Toso nolsonrso ao 6tAor porrneAonu ll HrKo,l vyxAecTPoHHx nPOrHOCTr,r9H14 Cr,!CTeMX,
ro l-lerepr,
.nyqon Ho poHe, T.e.
nPoeKToHrcKr4i HeToa
ot
PrHep, f
0311
Ho nPoatrolrl-
l(oro peonlr3or1l1, Ho o6eaxHrBoH€ro
BO eCTeCTSeHtlt
Earx
HOfl
OopKocr, OeiFt lr Ap. Koro eocrHu
tl
rnoar.rfiTe
X3KyCTBeHn' nOAXOA3.
npo6neil Ho npoeKToHTo{Mt
I Bx., Honp.r A, Ko$xor, MeroAEr r.! r.toaenH xccneaoBoHx, onepoqni. M., <Mup>, 1966. , f. fya, P. l4o€n. CrcreHorexHxxo. 11., (CoBercxoe PoArlo), 1962; .T]. T. Coottr. Moremo'ruqecxr!e MeToabr HccreaoBoHrl, onePoqri. M., BoeH
3Aor,
1963.
i 3. ,Hq. nporHoruposoHre HoyvHo-TexHr'.recKoro nporpecco. M., (nporPec>,'1970, 3 Bx. Morepuonxre, ny6nhKyBoHr,r H KHnroror A. fsxurrloHn, B. flHcl,l9Krr.]. CrrcreHbr nporHost4PoBoH11, B nnoHxpoBoHXn k ynPosneH,ll NoyqgbrM14 rrccneAoBoHnfi Hu r,r polpo6orKfi . fl,, (noreHD,
1959.
Heroa Ho nPorH03llPoHe, '{xeTo PeL!eHxe Lue norsonu ao ce rr6utrpr nPeacTosolo 30 6!4e!1rre norpe6rrencKl,l cBo;cTBo Ho nPohkune HUte l,l3Aenrt, e cb3aoBoHeTo Ho e!nKoBo cr.rcTero, Korto ao oTPo3rBo He coHo xopoKTePo Ho noTPe6rBoHeTo Ho nPeaMernTe, 8o r,r xopoKr€po Ho rfixHoro cb3aoBoHe B nPor!BoA-
Te3r ABO nPoqeco ce o6€afiHrsoT s cxcTeMoTo Ho eruKoBoTo HucneHe Ho xyaoxHxKonPoexToHT, Hx!.lo apyro, ocseH cer.rr,1orr1xo Ho nPea eTHH, cBrT. cTBoTo.
TpoAxqxoHr.]l4Te rpo(bxqHn cpeAcrBo io r,13o" 6porrBoHe Bo npoeKToHTcl<xre l,laerl co 9epTexH, cxeMtl, Po3nu'.tHrl nnocKl,! nPoeKqllx t!
o6eHHI uso6poxeHxr. Honocnearx ce norBrxo
30 X306PO3rBOHe HO CnO)l(Hr,' OyHXrlrloNonHla qoBeurKr.t npoqecn (rpoouKx Ho rexHoforn, Ho 6HTo, co oTorPoMU Ho onePoToPcxHTe asrxeHkf, t, T,H,) BOqUHX
Cnopea Hoa ce {orr,rKoro Ho npoeKTolrrcKoro npotHo3HPoHe e loxoBo crcTeHo oTrHoq, x nPoBr1'',ro 3(r oflePfiPoHe c Trx, xorTo norEonnso ao
ce xoaenxPoT nPorBolHTe B KoHxPeTHo,3PrMo +opMo. floao6Ho Ho conoro ae;Hocr no nporHo!rpoHeTo, To3n rHoxoBo cl4creHo rtlo HrKorKo poBHrulo c oco6eHx nPoBxno lo aBlxeHrleTo HO BCrKO PoAHnute I ctc cBoH nPoBrno 3s nPexoA oT eaHo PoBHlrqe B apyro. ToBo aBrxeHHe rMo
s
flpoeKroHTcxll, e3sx 3or(oHoo6Po3eH xoPoKTeP B ClOTBe.rCTBre C KPXTeP[rre 3(l (nPOB&nHr) h
(HeaPoBunHl,l) aB14xeHut. EAHo
or
ceHrorr.rHrlTe cpeAcrso Ho npoeKroHr-
cxoro nPorHo3tlPoHe e crcTexolo oT nPoErno, Kolro cBrPsBoT eaHo c aPyro PGnx'{HnTe xoPtbonorl,l,{Hl,{ I' qeHHocTHl,t ene eHTt,l Ho no:rpe6xr€rrcKrre cBorcrBo Ho x3Aenrrlo, O6po3yso ce Heulo KoTo cl,tHToKclrc 8(t nPea eTHrt err(, qreio l.oP(bonorxi co noTeHqronHuTe l,l c!qecTByBoulnre ealrHxqn Ho npeaMeTHrt cBtr, lL.lo ce orHocr ao npoBrnHocrro Ho npoeKroHrcKrre nporHo3r,!, Heo6xoaxio e ao ce xMol nPeaaxa srrPeuHxTe xPl,lTePul/t rto TexHrTe oqeHxr.
30
BrrpeuJeH xprrepufi r,oxe ao cnyxx Ho' Ho TaoPqec(rr nPoqec Ho nPoeKToHTcKoTo
aenlr
nPeAHeTHO CPeAO9, EaOnOBTT TyK e 30KoHoHePHOCTTO HO TBOP'aeCk[r nPOqeC rio npOeKTnPoHeTO. hMeHHO HeTOBoTO HOyqHO O6OCHOBO-
' Bx. 3. fpxrophes. Cneql+rxo eroAHqe.(!x cPeacrB xyAoxecrBeHHoro roHcrpyxPoBdHf <Texr.
.rvecror 3crerxl(oD 1969,
N910.
q
ooPMA, ]43BEAEHA OT (DOPMynA? YAK TIOHTEP NOAiAEP npe.oa or .n. (FORM<
52 1970
62.001.2:7.05:681.3
TexHfiqecKs opfieHTxpoHoro 06qecrBo ce crpeM}1 kLH (Dopllonr3HpoHe Ho Bcr'rKr4 AeiHocTr, BKfllo
qurenHo r rio rBopvecxure. Enerrpoano-nr
qrcnuTenHoTo TexHIKor KorTo e oaoHropaHq B ToBo PO3Br4TUe, BoArl Xrr.l oTePrOnh3XPOHe, 3(lU.loTo
B
nPorPOMo HO eTeKTPoHHO-r.r3t{,!Cnt-
lenHoTo tlouJ{Ho Hoxe ao ce nPes-6PHe coHo
e l,,!PO3eHO B POr.llloHonHO nPeqkcrlnxr, Ero roqo cnea Broporo cae-
TOBO, XoeTo 3l,rpoH14
TosHo BorHo, HopeA c KoHcrpyxpoHero Ho rlou]Hr,r enekTPOHHO-1,13'{fiCrlHTerHI MOllJtlHlt, Ce norBl'l N arnpoclT KoK c noHou.lro Ho +oPnynx ,r qncno
HoroT
Tq3n.rortr, npeAcroBrr.o npotropearqorq
Ho-
rep,o," (."x (npoi,ureHo ecre Ror, 1970/4. (rp. 1-4, s-r6), orp@rEa.q, H,ko, HoBn reaaeHqrx r npoqe.rre Ho npoe(trpoflero Horo noaerxpoHe , npsrox.-
Hxero Ho er€krpoHHo-r3qr.nq-
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n peyBennrroBdHe porrrro Ho +yHKqxrrd Kororo ce roeopra 3cr (norpe6Hocr) or eA,lH r,rri, aPyr nP€aMeT! none3Ho e ao ce cb3HoBo, '{e xo9eCTBOTO Ho xyAoXeCTseHOro
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06rSoTenHo cB!p3oHo
Ao npeAnonoxuH.
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POro Ho eTfioocKoTo 3aoHxe e (no-OyHKqloHOnHOt, BCbLIIHOCT Hrr.tO HllKOt{BO 3HO9eHl,le.
XyAoxHnKty.npoeKToHT Hrrlo 30Lr{o Ao 6LAe
Hlro eAun slA xyAoxecrBelo npoexrnpoHe He fioxe Ao crqecrByao c6uo 3o ce6e or, To gusoru e aatp3oHo noHiKoro iHoTo clloxHo c tli-
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HO He npeacToBnrao Srlr(or(Bo ecTeTt!gecKo qeHHOCT rnh nPeAI.ieT, lOnOteH Ot BeKOEe XOTO 8ecpoBHr,fllo npohsaeAeHle Ho,i3KycrBoro. C Apyrrl Ay11H! +yHl(q,io{on{oTq flprroAHo.r Ho npeAMero He e roPoEqlli 3cl KogecTBoTo! ToBq e coMo poBHllqeTo, noa xoeTo xyaoxecTBeHoTo npoeKrupoHe
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or ctA
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Porr, ToroBo crllloTo ce oTHoc, I ao Trno I
Hhsoro no arorpe6Hocrro. Or rneAxo rovxo
cPeAoro. Ao ce nocTkrHe (406po aoxSl,ir(o-npoexloHT xHTeneKTyonSo
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AKo Hrkoi Horlr4cnr Ao 3oAoAe Brnpoao: (Koe
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xy6oB. h osroMo6xntr, rl KonecHfiqoro ao 6rn], ct3aoaeHx B ctoTBeTcrBne c BtSHoxHocyl,lTe Ho cBoeTo BpeHe. Trxxoro ro,lecrgo KoTo p$ynToT HO XyaoxecTBeHoTo npoeKrrpoHe 3oBnct! or eMoqIoHorHoTo Hoc[TeHocTr oT -roqHocTTo 8o ,ctnTo, nporaeHd npr peuloBoHe Ho 3oao-
qoTo. 3oToBo r.tHoro oT cToprTe
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co nperpoAo. nepn0po!fipoirKn eAHo fiHoro AtnOoKo H3KolaoHe Ho flnKoco, tyoxe Ao ce xoxe,
qe ITKycTBoTO Hrtlo rtl Horlo,
B nou:oro enoxo e xopokrepHo Ao orxslpnrne o HoBoTo ao Hx or.1p!3Bo 6tpro. ToBo cr,t lrMo xy6oso crpoxo. flo r,r:aecrro cTeneH ToBo e llorr!9Ho cneAcTBue oT 6ocHocnoBHx, ptcT Ho cToPoTo,
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flo4o6lo xo 6taonorr,]Hfire Hyroqrr,
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ae
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cshgerenlr ycKopeHoTo po3Bl,lTre Ho oH06(l, (oeTo }loPn9OHe ClBpeHeHHo x/aoxecTBeHo npoeKTrpoHe. A! pol6xpoH ToBo r(oro noAxoA, npl,l Ko;To q'orr ce onrToMe AO X!pO3HM nO-TOliHO C,|'BPeMeHHOTO cPeAo, +opMoTo r,! cnHBonfiTe Ho HrrHonoro BeABoro 6xsoT oTxBtpniHu. Koxro e rraecrr.ro,
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B HoL!l,t aH14 e
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propur no rixHoro o{opxnetfie x s npoexrltpoxeTo Ho nPearerl1 3q noTPe6neHre He floPoak ToEo, qe loi o6neK.loso XrrBoTo, n3l,rcKBo noHO,IKO nOAAtpXOHe fi f. H., O 3OLIIOTO B HOUJU aH, scrKo xyaoxeclBeso npoekT|poHe, 6rno To
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Ar se Noro Ao noBrpBox, qe xHBorlTeronKoBo
npocr, qe Hoxe Ao 6tAe npeo6po3eH or KoKaoro
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KOTOTO OT 8e' Ce BBnOn3yBO nrgHOCT, CnOCO6HO Ao pos6epe roBo, Koero T, cbo6uloso ,r e cnoco6Ho Ao xy ce Hocnoau. ToKoBo n,,qtocr o6oqe He ce Hyxaoe oT xyaoxecrBeHo npoeKThpoHe ro cBoero o6ororsBoHe, ,ouloTo ff e 6ororo u 6e3 tsero, 3oroBo r'1n ce crpyBo, '{e roKr,rso xopo Koyo
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cBernrHoro, xxoxe npeaB,ta
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Tri xoro csernaloro ce slrnpuexo or xrBm qoBeuJKl1
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nepuenThsso yronor.ryn (r,lnu nuu.rer.rye),
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B loHq A ce BxnEqBo-r clotqtr, a Korro qoaek He qyacTsyBo, !i€ e noa seMrto. TrxHoao nnocTrl'rHo
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elplt tlo xrrHeHoro cpeaq.
rsHeHeHl,,
6. f. 7,
ute
flopo-
7. O. 3. 4,
)Haenb<.
AnonexrxKo npHpoAbt.
M.,
N. .'.
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1e64
Upsala,'1968
qyxnon, A. SopoHeq. 14HrepEep ta npoeK-
TXposoHre ocs€uteHIr. KxeB, (6yaiBen58ul<), 1965 H. BonKoeo, Onbrr flpMieHeHl,lr 3pxren!HOrO ynbTPO(pXOIeTOBOTO r,rlrlyqeHrr B Cr,r. cTe e o6qero ocBeuleHri B tlexofil,l!ieckor qexe. (Turuexo n coHxroplrlr, 1967, Ne 10
9. '10.
L.
Siiderholm. Landskapsljus.
1969, Ne
W. K.
Language o{ Architecture
2
Lumsden.
1969,- Ne 3
11. H.
fyces.
O
-
(Form>,
Halifax DesiSnint for
(Lightint
lit),,.
Hr,rcrporrBHbrx3aoHyi, 0630p. cocT. H. hBoHoBo. 14., 1971 (BHt4,,1T3). D, Phi ips, Lithting in Architectural Design.
5. S. Hesselgren. The
O6UleC.'Bo
Tobesing. TaSeslicht und Kunstlicht in (Bauen + Wohnen)), Bi.irogrosriumen. 1969, Ne 1
1970
focnon rnrAor, 1952, (. '135 flpr,lnqrnsr ocBeuleHm r,!Hrepb€poB
3(l qOBeL!(OTO
8. W.
Teprr,+ronorran +l,l3x,.tecKo; onTxKr,!. M,.
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fl}4TEPATYPA
1.
rt,l 6c,HcuEnE
Qua-
Research and Technology>,
heroAe npoekrnpoBoHu, ocBe-
qeHh, 6ecooHopHgrx npo brurreHHbtx 34oHri. (flpohbrurneHHoe crpollTerlbcrBo),
-
1970, Ne 8
12. H.
fycee, B. neoHoe. O cBeroBoi opxxrek(Merpocrpoi), '1970, N-o 6 rype.
-
17
np..oa or Gfl. (CotpeieHHoc opxxre(rypo<, 5p. 3/lt7l
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Ho npua norneg aoltpcrBokero Ho
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ao ce npou3Bexaor aocToTtqHo
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npo6nehnre
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r eHo, 6noMexoHr,rKo l,! T.H.).
Ho KoHrpeco Ho \ARCAA, npoBeAeH s noflaoH nper cenrexBpr.r 1969 roeueo, reoPeirlKrr no oproHr3oqx, 11 Heroar,fl(o or6eKxoH BHece nPeanoxeHlle to rexHrqeckoTo Po3BuTre Ho clPoHl,{Te or Tperur cBrr: Toi roBoPr,l 3(r crcrexoTo Qualtum jump (Heonorrlrril, o6pGyBoH or crqeToHreTo Ho ayr.lure (quanity) (xonHvecrBo) n (quality) (xovecrao), (oro ce no3oBo HO TOBO, qe e Heo6XOAliMO AO Ce HonpOBk nPiX nPexoa oT nPeauHAycrpnonHoro o6qecTao (tM cTo.qe, Ho nocT,rxAyclP14onHoTo 06ulecTBo c qen ao ce t,ll6erHoT olPhqoTenHrTe tarefl{f,
HO np€xoaHm elon. Hect,iHeHo, oT Tr€aHo Toqko Ha o6utuTe cx60u]or.ll.tt, noAo6Ho xlnoTeso ,lrn€xao nprBnekorenHo. HnKoi 060.re He
ioxe ao cx nPeacToBu no
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Toso nposxno ce orHoc, KIM o6ulecreeroro
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Tovno o6poruoro, nnoaoreopHoro
ir coroxpx.
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cl,lHBoflo)). nPoqecrT Ho cr34oBoHe HoBo npon3BeaeHxe Ho xyaoxecTaeroro npoexrr,rpoxe rpr6ao ao nPoTrlgo cnoPea cxenloro, npeAnoxeHo oT
P. C€rpe, Koiro cnoaen, Ao6pe r3BecrHsro
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ce HoMxPoT qoBeuJKrtre KoqecTBo, BArxHoBeHreio 14 yBneqeHueTor oKo ce cfirTo, ']e Bcxqko poqxoHonHo e nrureHo or ,{oBe,rHocr? To3{ Te3O ce noaarpxo or pearqo (crosaopTHu oTBoAtl). TBlpArT, 're npoH{u,neHoTo ecTeTuKo c
<|yHKuyoHonHo npeAHoaHogeHtre r,rnr,l To]y, Ho Korro nprnflcBor oyHKqnoHoneH xopoxrep, e cKyqHo, cryAeHo, cyxo,6ernnoaHo }, orPoHrqeHo, BBnpner4o ce rpyAHo 14 BcqBo cryr, o6prvo no xsrHoHue noTpe6Hoc.rlo oT eMoquoHonHocT. Toeo e nponao Ho HepoMorrr,!vtro r(prrlKot Korro ce 6o3rpo Ho sbHruHure npx3Hoqx Ho crrrho, Ho HeroBoTo ooPHo l,l ct3So1enHo xnI Hect3t{oTeIHo oiPl,lqa +yHK,.lxoHonr3r,lo Koio T€opeTr'{ecKo ocHoBo Ho nPoilruJneHoTo ecTeTuKo.
nporrs roKoBo KprlrrKo Ho $yrxquononurro HO)Ke AO Ce Or6ene)Kl,, Lre
T'
nXqeHePHO nPU3HOBO
nPe'reHql{re Ho o+xqronHn, rfyxxLuolonuluu l' opxrTeKTypHx npor3seaeHkx, nPeaBraeHx 3Cl yAoBneTBoprBoHe Ho eAHo eArHcTBeHo npe4r.rorxoverne. BnevorneHUeTO OT )KrnrU.ll.tO CrpOAO, HOnOMHTUIO MpO-
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x Toso noAqepToHx, Qyxxrlloxo-
oxonHoro cPeao B GBPeHeHH,,, rPoa 3oBr,rcfi He
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Hl, lJl'teHoTo
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ChqecrsyBor ABo sxAo OyHkqroHonl13!r. CnopeA nrPBr4, npoaoEePeH BoPnoHr r(pocoToTo e nPu-
ctu{o Hc oHoBo,
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e none3Ho x npoKTrqHo.
Ecrerlxoro e creacrBre or r3nor3yBoHero lo
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HO,ll,l3l.1O, MO,l(e
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cPeqy OopHonl13Ho x rpoAxqro onu3Ho, nprcrrq,, HO OPxrTekrypoTo Ho xlx 8ex. Koro noaq€pro-
sor ponrTo Ho
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crporr xrnhu.lo 30 po6orHxqrre, ce o6rpxoxo KtH Hero; yoi npoeKTnpo Kturn, n14uleHfi or scrKol(Bo yKpoco, Ho HonrnHo oTroBoprulx
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co
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aonpuHocrMe
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nocBereH Ho 3ou]l,lToro Ho ro3l,! Ae;Hocr,
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Ho npeAHerl,l;
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npe3 nocneaHnre roarHx R!f1 k36po€r.lure noroPe nPo6ne
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T'
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IHAyCTPXOnXsOqrirO HO eAHo hnM APyrO
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HO nPOi
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6orxo Ho npeAherrre, PrlTe l1nI
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Ao oKoxe peurosou.l
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l-lponr,rrunexoro eaTe?rxo H npota3EoAxren.
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lHoql,lTeflHo yBenr!'{oBoHe
Ho
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o6conlorHo rnto3xr, rri ,(oro BHocrHeio Ho norpe6xrencK, croK[ 6euJe 3oreHeHo c EHocr-
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ro
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cBoeTo rHoqeHae, HoKoP
ao 6rAe iHoqhrenHo
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Ao po3rneaore x opryHeHTo
B norr3o uo orpoHn-
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o KpHlePrtTe Ho nPoilHUJneSoTo ecTeTrKo aa
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nPchllLrrIeHoro ecTeTrKo nPrl peuoaoHeTo Ho ro3H nPo6neH. 14'roKo, ci,reroBoHero,r 3ror,!ryoAeicrsrelo iexay cTo8aoPTHroqxrTo h nPoHr,rlrneSoTo ecTeTnxo e keo6xoArrlo ycnoBhe ro fiPorPec s o6nocrro Ho nPo,r!BoacTBoro q noTPe6neH efo.
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1
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rensHbrx npr6opoB, 1968, 142 c,, a un. fyKOB B. t4. EaHHHo, cycreHo noKororenei (oq€cTBo r,r croHAoPToB An, qenoBeKo. cccP, Crox4oprur { KoqecrBo, 1967, N9 10, c. 19-22. 1, AAH41AK 8., B. Oure 3proHonxko I crori-
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npoeKT 1971,
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Ho 6oloTo Ho npoarnHrre npexl' (Q{r. '!8). Toxo xonprHep, nlpBolo npoarnHo 6pexo (Qrr. 39) rarocrpupo o6porrrHrr npoqec Ho roso npeo6polyBoHe. Ohr.40 nol(o3Bo npeo6polyBoHe !o sToPoTo nPosBnHo riPexo l, T.x. Ho qocThqHo npeo6posysoHe noanexoT Hpexrre, cla!Pxorr.lr,1 r,r rp brlnHHqH; HpexH 10 x 11,
lrqtno oT lPrlrrnHnql1 6106qe rio npeo6poiyBoHe. crcToBeHt
He
noaflexol
[1pr.r ero u e ycnosxero reorteipreHo, cr.r {3io{Hr.1 npo6neio s rivrcreH BHA,
$opxoro.
ro Ao
cnea Koero Hoxe!! ao TlpallH HeroBoro
np11-
o) npeGcHoTo npeycTpoicTso: cl{cret1oTo oT eauHr.rilo ereheHTri npxeHo npyro $opro, vper pornoroHe
u
oTHoBo clearHtBoHe.
no
Toll,i
TH Ce O6po3yso cre4xHrBoHe Ho earH ioayneH €neHesTr o6po3yBoHe Ho rpyn, ll T.H, B HOT
:os{olHocr or rrrcxaoxunro (Qrr.
ol
38).
HenpeKrcr'toro npe/cTpoicrBo: crcTe11oTo npen nHass B nopeaHl,l clcTor8ur, 0opHH, 6noro55
rl. Koxorgonxr,r Bxxpoo, r,r xpLaoBt no!LpxsxBl,t
rioxe Ao on{Lrie poslnqH, noBtpxHxHrl ctc cBo6oAHo nonoxeHr!e B npoaTpoBcTBoTo, ule Tpr630 ao sonorrHe|t oT nostPxHNHhTe, 30 Ao
clcToaeH, oT nPoB, nr!Hxtt c Pornx'{Ho HonPoBneHre. B nrpBrr cnyqon (+xr. 41) re ce oflpe-
aenrT oY (npoBexaol.qtl.re ,rrHr,tr)).,l{Hrt.re 56
tr E fr X tr ffi tr E E E tr E tr{ tr/ tr/ ux m tr
AB r A'B'co nporexaoul, to npoBxre, (onto ru cBrprBor. 30 BceKl.1 aBe npoBexaoLrlr nrHIu ctulecTgyBor no aso Bt3ioxnl,i Ho'{l,tHo Ho csLplBoHe ($rr. 42) roqKo A e cBrp3oHo c B' x ToqKo B-c A',
flpyrr noatpxxrar (e o6po3yBor toroBo, r(oroto nPoBexaoulHTe nIHl{r co cl,iHeTPlqHr. Toxo npl.l BlpreHe B o6polHo HorpoBneHre HO ABe XeTOnHt OI(PI,(HOCTI.i, nPeACTOArlrBou.lu nPoBexaoq&re rlxHrx, Po!norloxeHH ycnoPeaHo eaHo cnPi o apyro I creA[HeHx c npoBrr Pe6Po,
poBHo oiaoneqeH, eaHo
sor Hpex}' c
or apyror ce
o6pory-
oco6eHo +opMo (+ur.43). nocneAixsr Br.ra noBrpxHrHl.r co xplroBxre
noBrPxHrHr, Brpxy KorTo co flonoxeH, nPoBrnHla ilpexr l.r leHeHrero ce o6pGyBo B
!oBrcrhocT ol- HoqynaoHeTo Ho Bptlx{Te Ho ro!'' Epexo (+rr.44). npnnoxeHrero Ho noAo6Hh BxaoBe 14pexlr ,ocero aae oule ce cPeqo cono
B oPxl{TeKTyPofo,
r^l
.4.,
A.6I
s7
o @
+ ffi C To3x poA noBtpx$nHta Hre 3oBrpruaore po3aeno 30 aBycTpouHnre t,l oTBopeH, noBrpxsrHr4 k lonoqBoHe p@aeno 3cl aBycTpoHHr,i x 3oTBoPeHI noBtpxHuHx.
fleycrpoxxn n lqrBopetrr
noBtpxHraHtr
Btnpocxoro KoreropIr noB!pxHr,lth r,!Ho oco-
oeHo rHoqeHle, rouloTo oTroBop, Ho cTpoexo HO acr'tKlt TBrpAr4 HoTepnonHx Teno. Bcrl<o HorePronHo fopxo ce rorsopn B aBycrpoHHo noBtPxHrHO
no c€
nOHpTgeTO
T,,lO e
poBHOCTOiHO
- nOBtpXHrrHo. ly'3c,'reaBoHrrro 3oTAOpeHO
orPoHl,l9oBqT B Kpbr Ho 13nLl(HOnrTe noCO TOXI,lBO HHOrOCTeHrr, Hq - TOBO xovTo Bct!qKI cT€Hr! nexoT no eaHo B poBHl,lBIPXHTlH,l
HOro! BrPxy xorTo 58
e
nocToBeHo.
Koxto npr nnocxure rpexrl Hoc qe Hr! HHTepecyBoT coflo npoBl,lnH11Te HorocteHx. OT He!36poatn&re tfopmu coro ner H3n5rHrBor ycno6reTo 3o npoBrinHocr. Toao co npoer,rnHnre rero, HopegeHl, TlnoroHoBr, Kor,lTo s nPocTpoHcTBoio npeacToBnrBoT
TprtrtrHoTo
r,!
or poexunoro (fr,r,45 u 46). Ocrononnre nonynposxnHl, ctcroBeHu oT potHopoaHr,l nposrrlHl,l rlHorotrhnHrq,i, co 11 y ce Hopx,{or ApxxHeAoB,t urecrotrtrrHoro rpexu
reno. TrxHoTo npeAcioBrHe rrl,lcKBo
noApo6Ho
oflrcol.rue, KoeTo ctqeciByBo B reoMeTpHqHoTo n,lrePolyPo. Bc{,rKu rpoHc+opHoqus, npoBeaeHh c npoBxnH'1Te hpexrl Brpxy asycTpoHHnle x oTaopeHH noarPxHr,rHx, co BonuAH14 x ro aBycTpoH! ,!Te x
roTsoPeHu noBlPxHr,rHr. Te noanexol Ho nPe_ KlcHoTM H H€nPeKICHOTv nPeO6Po3yaoHur, rro_ xeM ao fl, anrlcBoHe ll on cso e, ao 3ono3BoM€ urr.r oTHeHo|1e cTpyKlypHxre u|1 BPts*tr B 3O' BtlCl.iflocr or KoHRPeiHrTe l,l!rlcl{BoH14, Ho ie_ Horo, l43creaBoi(r, nPosllnHrTe t1HorocleHu' Hoxer 4o rl3BiPtu{ }l cneaH}iTe nPeo6Po3yBo-
H'rr, nphBexaoir(, Honpr,rxep
r, Kttl +oPHoro
Ho K!n6o.
nnoroxoarrr asoaecerolrbnHt,tK,
AKo po3AenuH BceK, MOnKr!
or
rpr,l-br1,nHnq,lTe Ho no_
rPl{rr}nHr!qh, ule noBPlx no ne'r eaHoKBl, TPX-
POBHOCTPOHET,T
nyqr BrB BceKx
rrrnHxqx, cPeutoutlr ce B earE qeHrhp (+nr.47). floAo6nu po:ctxaerufl Ht1 Boall ao npoKTll'
nPX nPoekTrPOHelo B npocTPos_ HO +OPMH, xOr,rro nO CBoi XOPokTeP l,lrBneqeHH oT npoBrlnHl,tTe reoi€TPvqHn
'{ecKI
r,13BOAl,l
CTBOTO
co
cr,-
oT asoae.eT nPoBlnHH rpl,LrlnHIqH, noxeH Ao npeo6pqlyBo e no cneAH,lt Hoqns:
croBeH
,ryry"ffi
@.ffiffi ,ffi ffi"ffi 4L
s.
r i r--'; 'L:1..1/
)
6
l. Po3npeaere xe Ho npocrpoHcTEoro
Ho
npoBHnHH HPe,l(]i KoKTo x npear, ute Hfi ,H'rePecysor t{ofi_HonPea npoBHnHHTe crcreHh. CTPoextr Ho nPoBrn_
Hxre pex, e qocrrgHo o6po6oten e ponxrte eo xprcronorpo{rnro, npn Koero co o6o3HoqeH11 ToqHo sl3t{oxHr4Te BoPl,!oHJl,l HO MPe)(n
c noBropreHu vepru. Te co 250 rpynl, nPo.rPoHcrs€Ho ca{Merpnt. l43x€xAy nPocrpoHcrBeH[re HpexH cor{o eAHo or []noroHosl,rre reno 3(r_ crporBo roqHo npocrpoHcrBoro. Toao e xy6lr. Aoxoro or Apxraxeaoaure reno-roso e 14' cTeHlT, CtaTOBeB OT UIeCTOtTlnH'lul.t ll KBoa'
porn, Vluexgy nonynpoBrjlHrre fe,1o,
ToKo
HOPeqeHnTe ct3aoaeHr!
of eaxH poa
cTeHn c
,q€taYcreH x3nrnHrBo
clulo roBo
ycnoBre
eaxoKBo ar'nxrHo Bo pt6oBeTe, o6o.le c Po3nx'rHla BlTpeuiHr,r rrnx, eaxH poh6oB aaoHo_
(0,'r.
a8).
Ky6ri e Noi-npocrr.r, xoayneH
HHorocleH
Ho
59
B PsBHntloTo ro3r,1 lroi-npocr oAyneH eneHeHr 6eue TPxrrtnHxKrT. OT Ky6o 30noqBo14e Ao l.]rPdxAoM€ nPocrPqHcrBo'ro! aokoTo
TOgHOTO 3OCTpOTBOHe HO nPOCTPOHCTBOIOT 30'
no{Boixr,r oT arnHoTo rocrPotBoHe u cB-EPLll' BoiKx Ao Hoi'prAKoro po3nonoxeHre Hq xy6oBe
s
nPocrPoHcrBoro. ly'3rpoxaoHeTo Ho xPexo
oY TerPoeAPv a
nPocTPoHCrBoio, Br'rHnkHon
HO qerrPr,r Toqxl1 Ho sciKo rfr,rrypo, eoan 4o clcroBrHero Ho Hor-piaxoro cl,lcreiro rloAyrrHl, eneHeHila (fvr. 49).
oT
CBBP3BOHeTo
Cnoxexororo crcrexo or por6oa aBotoaecer-
creH Moxe ao 6rae lrreeaeHo or Ky6oBe, cPe_ uloullr ce s pt6oaere ({ r. 50). 30ntnBoHero
flo
Trx c
npo3HoTo nPocYponcTBo Hexay
9e_
nrpollxal,t c ocnoBo KBoAPor l, ctearHrBolrero l,lir B Ky6o no eaHq or scrKo
TnPracfeHHl/l
crPoHo, o6Po3yBo nPoBxneH Pot46oB ABoAeceT-
creH,
xo;ro nrnHo tocrporBo
npocrPoHcrBoro.
Prcy}rkaro nol(o360 reoHerpllqHoro KoncrPyxtlrt Bo fo3l,t crpoex. CneaBouloro cucre o Ho
nlnHo
3ocTPotaoHe
Ho
nPoCTPOHCTBOTO Ce
nony'{oao or P@PeaeHord cxcreHo xy60Be, iotx nrr cpeutoutn ce srB BtPxosere (t[kr.51) PosxIHure, npeKopoHn npel cEea6HrrerHxte BbPXOBe AO Ocrre Ho ArOrOHOnUie 8Cl Ky6O, orPor.ll.tqosoT +srypl,| Bo qei Pr,rHoaecercleHfi. Vlcneaaoixu no-HoxorrK npocrpoHcrBeHt,tre
ilPe_
xr,
tloxeH ao rx noanoxrtl Ho rPoHc+oPiloqxr, KOTO Xtl nPrAOAeh OnPeAeneHU (Dx3uliecK{ qePll,l It l.t3re3e!l oT PoMKlrre Ho qucTo reoPeravnxte porpo6orxu. Orr. 52 noKolBo nPlHep 3(l PGnpeAeneHne Ho c.reHfi, aeneHrle Ho qocl, 3d eaHo r,roA).nHo eannrqo. [lprnoxeruero xo noAo6Hn cxeHh, HonpllHep B
xxnIqHoro
crPox_
TencrBo, onpeaen, xopoKTePo Ho 0o6prqHo-ro nPoeKTxPoHe Ho crPoal{ oT cTro6te h ene' eHat,l
(+rr.
53).
Po3tnexaoHero fio nuHeiHoro Po!nonoxelire Ho MAynHXTe enereHTll Boat clulo ao clcTogt-
Hero Ho rpynr. B npoKruKoio roso
HoMl'!Po
B Pq3n{qHxre nnocKl.l noKP,lTl1r' Ky6r'r, nrxeixo ponpeaeneH (oro Moayn'
nPxnoxeHre
r,rrlo dHoro Bopr,roHTn,
oT xol,,To xo
PucyHl(oTo
(+rr. 54). MHoro no-cnoxHri co clrcret.ure, o6po3yBoHr,r oT TeTpoeapM l,| co
noKo3oHr,r
aBo
ocHocreHr (Oxr,55), Ho nPeABxA 6€3KPoitloro MHO)(eCTBO BOPITOHTI' tro)(eM AO Ce 3OnO3HOeH coro c npr6nurrrenHoro nPeacroBo 3cl rd3x Te o. C roBo onrcoHne 3oBlPLllBoMe Hoi_o6ru,ire BrnPocl,r, cBrP3oHi, c aBycrPoHHUTe OTBoPeHv l. ,OiBOPEHX NOBIPXHIIHl,lI KO}lTO
EATHCTBEHO
co o6eKr Ho Holjlero
{3cne4BoHe.
o6o,{e, ioKop , 6erno, c APy' rnTe aBe KoTeroPh, nosrPxHnHr{ oT reoHeaP[9' Horo knocx(huKoqk, Hcr fopHnre. LLle ce 3ono3floeh
Eaxocrpoxxu ll orBopeHr.r noBr,pxHrrirr
rt
lt 3oTBopeHr! noBbpxHrHx Bpru]oiKr,, ce KrH o6qoro Kroch(buKoqu, noBrpxHriHr, Tpi6Bo 4(l or6enexnH, qe rpeadro
eaHocTpoHHx
Koyeroprr noBlpxH,Hu (Srr. s6) orxp{Bo o6co-
:rHo HoB carT o1 +oPMx, HecPeulou.lu ce B r'.1poaoTo, o nnoa Ho qoBeur{o orKPuTne
' ',1CEnrO 30 cBbP3sOHeTC Hc neHrOTO cneA 06P-blr.lc
.- i. .: nn; ";,.' Ho 180', (oro lsxoaHo .{o ro ul.:crrjoHe Ho Mo4.r 'AHocTPoHHC _oBlPxHrir.. ! roko u3HeHoaBuuro nf".To, qe rh Kopo ao ce 3or4,1(nHM Hoa nrTrulqTo ro 3L3-xxaoHe io hos'1 noHrrllF (0,1r. 571. Iule or BpeHero Ho ciiaoBoHe Ho EBxnrAo3oro reoMerpr,r, cbutecTsyEo y6exaeHxero, qe irluto He Yoxe ao npehnHe or e4Horo crPoHo :f, xoprxrro Ho Apyrolo,6er 4o npexrxe onpe' :ereHoro rPoHnqo xo p-u6o. lloxexe a npupo'
ffi @
t
4oTO Be Ce Cpelto1 :nkxBo noBlPxHr,lHr4, qoBeur(oro nHry14r.1r1r, x .EoaeNo Blpxy rPxrenHHr€ ..oao y6exAeHHe BneqcrneH Hr, noTs'
-i Hy ce arnxl4 jbKo rl Ho cny-
.xoro
2000 roahH ri. Ho q6crpoKrHHrc )'a,ii.
i.
Cc.:.-, eAHo crpoHo rs
neHro, Hopee€!lo Ho orxprlBoren M bo6uyc, r,1t1o eAhH
pb6, r' e xrcrLJ.rHo or roflo_or tro Ho;foapo68o, Hoc ule H,1 ,lHTepecyso coMo BLr11oxHocrro 3o HeiHo7o ,Jrnofl:yBoHe B npoxrr.{'
xoro. 3ocero, ocseH neHToBrre
rpoHcMlrcxu
apyro np,lnoxeBrle HrMo (QHr.58).
B Mou|rHxre,
Ctqecreyao l,l orHero(boHHo reHTo Ho c!u]l1i nplrqrn. He rpr6ao o6oqe ao npeanonoroHe, !e ToBo co eartlcTBeHl,Te Brrr,roxl.locTl,t 3o Hr-
i, B 6!aeutoTo po3sraTxe Ho HoyX TeXHrr(OTO Ute B!3HUKr{OY {OBH Br3rO)KHocru. Bpru.loiKla ce x]x iorep,ronfirre (hopix ute 3o6enexrH, qe crpoexlr Ho t oTePfionlioro neHTo Ho Mbo6nyc He e noaqrHeHq Ho onPeaeneHo HonPoaneHle. Tosn !o6enexKo Boatr ao norlyBoHero KOTO
// --)
|,3BoAO,
qe B
ce c eaHo MOXSOTo
nPOCTPOHCTBOTO,
HanPoBneHne
HeonPeAenru.lo
no nplrTernrne,
polnrkO MexAy eaEocTpoHHv n
st3-
aByl(ocMn-
crPoHHx noBbpxHnHx He c6utecTsyBo. B qecKoTo npocTpoHcYao eaHocTPoHHr.r ooB.bPx61
rirHr 6rxo 6rff aBycrPo!{l{rT€.
Egxocrporrure
r
eAHoKBo HoryPonHrl,
Kolfio
lorBopext,r noBlpxHHlru
H
nPeA_
cloBnrBoT nocneaHoio, qeaBrPlo xoreroPxf,
TPt6o, npu Koero ABdro P-b6o Ho lPl6qro ce cBrp!6oi 11 Tor(o cteArHeHn 06Po3yBor HenPe'
(+rr. 59 x
KlcHoYo noBrpxHr,!Ho
60).
Henpextcxorocrro Ho noBtpxHocrio
(oto q,'
oi xoM6xHoqrrTe Ho Kprreplrxre 3(l aeneH,!e. l'4oxe cot',o ao Ao6relr flpeAcroBo 3Cl Tix B ycnoBniTo Hs TPr,3 ePHOTO npOCTpoHCAAo, XTAeTO MOXeM AO
trocY, r(orTo He oTAent nPocTPoHCfBoTOr
Bt3nPOk3BeAeH COrO TeXHUre nPOeKqnX. [Ile
40 ce
fl
oBlPxHl,tllo, KotTo npo}l]nu3g
oT6€nexri coio, qe re orroBoptr Ho
ycno_
Bl{eTo coHonPoHHKBoHe, xoeTo oTroBoP, HO nperuaoHero la 06p]qoHelo s eaHocrporiHure
oTaoPeHn nosLPxHrHll. l4nlocrpoqri xo eAHocrpoHHo 3orBopeHo noBtpxrirHo e 6yr&rrKoro Ho KnoiH, gIiTo crpoex ce oaHoBoBO HO COilOnpOfll,tKBOHeTO Ho l(Pllno
6npo
nposr,!? Toao e o6porxo nPonoPqroHonHo HO ycnoBr!eTo :ro qeneHocoHeHocT. Te3t'l PO3_ clxaeBx, B(e oule ocroBot B c+ePoro Ho reo-
perrvxoro poapo6orKo Ho trorerornKoro
Koi
2.
Cohn. D. Hilbart
Dunod, Paris, 1960
4. Josef Albers
5. 62
verlaS. Bern
Anschalliche Geo-
et la Vision,
Trotz der Geraden. Bentel
Sidrid Giedion
-
,3Po3
r'!
Ao ce HoieP,
oHoBCl KOHKPeTHO
nPunoxeHle, Koero ocMrcn,- xoPoKTePol,| nPosoTo 8o ctuleaiByBoHe Ho BciKo teoPrlt.
6. form - Morfologia 1-411967 cnficoHre Architektura .nxcoHre Projekt 4-611957i 1l'1963
Les Yeux
3,{oe Aor1, c(oPo Lqe Moxe
TexHxii iorepuoneH
Lech Tomaszewski
3. Yves le Grand
e' Po,-
ycnoBm Ho Brtr'loxrlo Ao
Houlr4Te
chitecture
'1.
-
B
tloreploneH x,!Bor. Aopll oko e ce p;onr3vpo Heu{o ro(oBo,3Cl Kol(Bo rPi6Bo
6UEnl,{OrPA(Dt4i
metrie
ce, nopo4orconHo
Space, Time and Ar-
Curt Siegel
Strukturformen der moderGeort D. W.
nen Architekture. Verlet Callwey. Mijnchen 1960
O syme$ii w
7. Stanislaw Jaskowski nicture
i
zdob-
pn/rodwe.-PZWS. Warszawa,
1952
8.
Ma.tin Gordner The Ambidex(ous Uni- New verse. Basic Books. York, 1964
9.
XepfioiH Soin - Crierpxr. h3A. Hoy(o , r3q/crBo. Co{ar,'1969
10. lllqenox
EneHak&
rorop. t1!A.
cr]nkrre Ho ['lr- ['lo Cooxr, 1964
TexHxKo.
fr )t L-
c} m
IM
A I V
-
G]
I o
3.n...ex ft pro.cx, ioprx " +rpH.B, .Bo',t.. Or nr.o xo Bio.io-Fxo.6o r.prot.". .r.arpdro - uto^,t Soaao lkf,ropa - Ul..tqo. I'lyrr*oio ycrriq. CAII ,'ltsAy.rp..^io .Apt*.... 6o..na, - ?lton.r T.r.r,rE6 6epxo n.tr.p . Ko. Ul..iq.p,t HGxaraopoa.x
q.aftp, ax..PG * E.n.,t
l4icrrryr ro xonyrr*cq,N -
CAUI
Yl{crrrrr .o rpoore.{ ax3.ti
\)
Uaar.rpaonao .apyx.x{.
a
D @ ,K I2
crp, .i,rir 3snr, .xoi.
E,
{o @.ciqop.*f. r.arf,ay.rP{onq{
(.optB, rposx'ro
-caul
l(o!i.rreio ADX.Hxc t6 trroHip.ao xoi. l(arxap.no xisro (no nr5p.p,
- E.r.et Ts.Oon{o rotrno..r - x.iopotr.(kr
6 q7
r-
tr=
Cr6! rd rroe. opr,Y.*rx
ft
cA14
EUEnAOrPAonf l(Hrilr, noryqeH, a 6r6rror.xqto Ho LlllE 1. EEnqEB, H., TeKTypHr,i,
2.
L.lB. 6en,{eBo. CBerrr B opxrrxHreprop. C,, TexHrko, 1971, 146
KOMndUUhn
1971, 152 c., c |,n. 3. qPOE1EMU Ho
,
(roHAopr. t4., BHhhT3,
6opMoo6po3yBoHero B Mourr.rxocrpoexero, Cotpur, LlllEXIl, 1971, 235 c., rn.
4.
qCUXOOWUO1O.UqECKUE ,1 ecrerr-
qecx[e ocHoabr HOT,2,Aon,
nepepo6. ,3a, 14., 3xoxonr,rxo, 1971, 366 c., kn. CTEqAHOB lO. C. CeMrornxo. M., Hoyxo, 1971, 145 c,, $n. CbBPEMEHHO yexi{riqecko o63oBexAoHe Ho ,1
c
5. c 6. xrn&utero. Co+ur, qnEXn, 1971, 149 c. 7. XyAOXECTBEHHOE KoHcrpyrpoBoHre rn eKrPo-rexHrqecl<hx nt4enui. Pl., 3xeprur, 1971. 190 c.. c un 8. nAoB B.8., A. A. 6enoa. Xyaoxecr6eHHoe
koHcTpyrpoBor{re rre6enx. ll., r,lecxor npor.rsru.rneHHocrb, ,l971,223 c., a lln.
9, BANHAM R. Theo.y and Desi8n in the First Machine Age. 4 ed. London, Architectural Press, 1970,338 p., ill. 10. DOBITN J. Perspective a new System for Designers. New Jork, Whitney Library of Desitn, 1959.67 p.. ill. 11. ERGONOMISCHE Berichte. ll. lnternationales Symposium Arbeitshygiene und Arbeitssch-
utz im Bauwesen 15 bis. 19 Oktober '1968 in Eisenach. Berlin, Verlat Tribijne, '1970,495 s., ill.
12.
FEttER
P,. Torrer L'outil.
l'homme avec la matiare. S. L.,
Dialogue de
Albert de Vis-
cher, 1970,225 p., ill. 13. FR,EDlr.lANN A., l. Pile, F, Wolson lnterior Desitn. New Jork, Elsevier, 1970, 302 p., ill.
14.
GERICKE
1., K. Schdne Das Phinomen
Far-
be. Berlin, Henschel Verlat Berlin, 1970, 174 s., ill.
15.
KELM
M. Produktgestaltunt im
Sozialismus.
Berlin, Dietz Verlag, '1971, 186 s., ill.