Дизайн 1976 / 1 by Industrial Design Bulgaria

fuuqcrlim @

Du4,olim

I t76

6ronerrx Ho qeETLpo 30 npoiruJneHq HTHTCTgPCTBO Hq

eCTeTl.KO

ereKtpoHrr(oro x errekTPorexHxl(oro CbAIP,|(AH

14E

l4Hooplraqsr 3a pa6orara Ha

koHrpec Ha MexAyHapoaHm crEer Ha opraHx3aqxxre no an3a;H (rfRCl4A)

(pacorara ,{nraixur B .ryx6a Ha o6u{ecruoro Ar3atrHLr x 6LAeulero Ha o6(prxaBarqara cpeAa Ax3aiH u Hayka Ponr Ha npooecroHanHrr nprHoc Ha npoiHllJre rr Ax3aiH 3a xyHaHh3rpa8e Ha okonBara pa6orHa cpeaa

Aa nocrlrxeir

Ar3aiHLr Karo cpeacrBo 3a

7 9 14 18

noBl!uJaBaHe

Ha e+el(rrBHocrra Ha qoEeruxara

AefrHocr Ar3arHL

Bpene l.13nox6ara -Ar,rsaix s onaKoB*ara" Cpelqx c ar3a;Ha Ha Berr(o6pxraHrt npoirrurreHrrr AriiatrH B crpaHaraAoHa(HH Ha lX KoHrpec l,l3Ailxr, npoeKrepaHri B LIeHrLpa 3a nFoltruJreHa ecrefrka Ex6rxorpa$rr Ho!, r(Brr, noryqeHl B 6x6nrore(ara- Ha LlnExn cBo6oAHoro

27 30 34 37

4l 44 48

Ha kopnqara: CrpaAara Ha xoren,,Pycrr" nPe3 aHrre Ha xonapeaa

LleHil'p 3a n polr

6yr. Toine6eH

r'r

eHa

ecrerrxa,

1606

CoOr,

Ah3A%HrT 3A t,IOBEKA

H oEI4ECTBOTO

!4xQopraqra :a pa6orara 11 II:Iry KoHrpec xa Mex4yxapo4Hrr, ,crBer oPraHh3aqrlTe no gr:aix (nKcvA)

MexayHapoAHnrr €lBer

opraHr3aqrv-

re no ArsaiH

l4RCl4A e cb3aaaeH npe3 qen e aa KoHcynrupa 1957 roa. Heroaara

Ha ilexayHapoaHo Hr,rBo HaquoHanHrlTe op-

raHr3aqvv no npo6neHure, cBlp3aHu c reoprlrra, npaKrrlKara x o6y,.eHxero no npoMxurneH AhraiH. CrBerlr ce crpexu Aa pa3urnpnBa,i noao6prBa crrpyaHv,recraolo ex,qy crpaH,ire B o6nacrra Ha au3aiHa. Ton oKarBa crA€icrsr.e, Karo npunara npoHutuneHH, aH3ailH:npoqec npu peuraBaHero Ha npo6neHh, orHacrull, ce ao 6naronpvrrHoro BrrAeicrBre Ha HareprranHara cpeAa

B ly'KCI4A eneHyBar 52 opraHri3aq or 35 crpaN,l c o6uto 20 000 Au3ai8epa, B opraHu3aqurre H ar3aiHepure or coqHanHcrreeckxre crpaHu. Haurvrr Haq,.oHaneH qeHrlP 3a flPorlnurneHa ecreTuka npr KHTI-IBO crasa qreH Ha l/1KCI,1A npe3 1957 roA. B npoAuxeHxe Ha l8 roAuHx

|r',RCnA e. opraHurrpan aeBer

cBeroBHr..

B CroxxonH (1959), BeBequt (1961), (1963), BxeHa (196s), l'4oHpean (1967), ,loHAoH (1969), A6uta (hcnaHhr) 1971, Kroro (rno8rr) 1973. Kosrpec Ha 14 KChA ce -nposeae AeBer,irr KoHrpeca

nap'ix

or 13 Ao 15 oxrorBpn 1975 roA. BHytUrrenHrir apxxreKTypeH koMnneKc Ha xoren,,Pycnr" npeaocraB, Bc,,rKn Heo6xoaxr,l,r crBperre8Hx yao6crBa Ha 2200-re yeacrHxKa or qrn cBrr aa ocrutecrBrr cBorra nopeaHa cPeqa, aa Pa:MeHrr BlrrneAx, Aa cnoAenrr npo+echoHanHffi c, B MocKBa

onur, aa parncxBar no o6uv l cneqyorlxM akryanHs npo6ne r, aa paiL!xprr n raaLn60,{ar cBoure noSHaHcrBa.

Vr.tv\uanure Ha VRCVA, x3nrcaHr

qepHo Brpxy parBrsaurnre ce 6enn 3HaHeHa

Blpxy nrpaErAanHu cro;Kla, prrHxqHo roluepraBaxa rraBdu, Bxoa Fa ranara. Ta14

KoBa npoQecroHanHo AB3aiHepcKo yceutaHe

ce noeyBcrByBa n are $oarierara na xor.

qepr8ara 3ana, ktaero Ha OoBa Ha r3rpaaeHu, apxrreKrypeH ,Hrep op cru.ixre nxpa, M AanHr croix,, or sennane, Hoceul, Heo6xoAuMara uHoopMaqur, 6rxa Aopa3s[ru B nlneH koMn,reKr or Oorborinu, r1acq l, pa6orHh 6lopa. Crc cBoero nnacruqHo eAyBCTBO

TE CTO'XA B NOAXOA'UI

apxrrekrypHxre Aerarir,i

KONTPACT

yAoBnerBoprsaxa cnonyqnrlBo HoBr.rre BpeieHHu +yHxr.l14h

Ha npocrpaHcrBara.

xorqepruara

rara orHoao ua hRCAff roeqo oPa3MepeHu 3a rpoc-paFcrBoro 06paryBaxa $on xa 4e:rosur npe3naryM!

nocraseH (aro aKqeHT acrterp ,rHo. ABaHcqeHara 6eure n prrrrHo apaHxu paHa c ayAuo-

6en Ba3u c xhB,, qBerr, Cnonyvnrao peueH cnoxeH npocrpaHcrBeH npo6ner npr AaAeH apxrreKrypeH hHrepuop. C npo$ecroxaneH ycer 6rxa Hanpa3eH/ cluro rpa4uquodHrre eaFT/ x (b4],pxaulure ce B rtx {oM'1neK_u hHqDophauroFBuryariNa c[creHa h

B rlpxecrBeHa o6craHoBKa,

Hyelo Ha oP ruHanHo cbcraBeHx ay4uosllryanHx nPorPa11y. 3ano'rHa qepe oH14rra

no orKp

BaHero.

B no'rerHur

npernA,ryr,i

6rxa akaa. KrprnrH. npeaceaaren Ba Ar,p3a HayKa rexHuxa nP'4 '4 Mrxrc-repcxur ctger Ha CCCP, a-p A.M. TB LlxaHe, 3aM. npeAceAaren Ha ctu.lx,

x npeaceaaren na OpranuraquonHrr Korvrer Ha KoHrpeca, K. Ay6ox (Aacrprr), npe4ce4arer sa ly'KCly'4, Xorrx ae KoMurer

Kp€coHrep (6enrhr), rnases ceKperap |4RCVA, 4.6. ConoBbos, aupeKrop

Ha Ha

BHl.4hTE Ha {oHrpeca x 3aH. - aonaxnn npeaceaaren Ha OpraHuraquoHH rl, -xoxr4Ter aPyrx qneHoBe Ha PrKoBoacrBoro Ha '4 nRCV|A.

apx, TOAOP MnAAEHoB

rra!.{ ryaoxecr.eH prxoroarr€r

H. LlnEXn

';tl 'ff; ,

Or rrero ra npaBrrencrBoro

nrpBara

coqrarHCTHcecKa crPaHa 3 cBeTa, c nPrBeTcrBeHo cnoBo kr11 /qacrxuqure s lX xonrpec n AKCAff ce o6lpHa aKaa. KHprnhH. B npyBercrBsero 6e noAcepraHo,,{e Ax-

]aiHrr B CrBercKHr crror ce

paAsa

qrnocrHaTa noaxPena Ha alPxaBaTa n '{e Toi ure nrpae Bce no-peuasaqa pont ra noBkuaaaHe Ha rexHonorlqec(oro PasHrule fi (aqecTBoTo 8a npoHHUneHnTe H3ae-

nrr,

Karo cr3aaBa yaobH, n (Pac,,Bx l13aeur, AfiraiHrr 406xBa ace no-TonrHo 3HaqeHre B x{BoIa Ha o6ule

no-HararaK

a ar3aisePxre.

xaro nPeacraBrrenl, Ha eaHa

nPo+ecHr,

3aeHaqa ,cTo Ha rPaHuqaTa Hexay

HayKa-

Ta, TexHonorrrra H xrKy.TBoTo, aonPrHa-

(rT c

AeiHocTra cn ra n3nonsyBaHeTo Ha nocTnx€HnrTa Ha xaygHn TexHonort-

qeck,r nPorpec

6naroTo

Ha eoBeq€cTBoTo.

npxBelcrBrero ce noA,repra, qe pa6oTaTa

Ha KoHrpeca npo1,rqa B 3a6€nexurenHo BPeie Ha oTcna6saHe Ha t exayHapoaHoTo HanPexeHre, nph cBAaaeHfi 8oBr,1, 6naronPHTTHlr ycnoEx, 3a ygeHnTe oT qrn csrT

ra Pa3Brrre Ha HexaysaporNcr. :1-:y:-/. qecrBo, ParL/PrBaFe -a -,1/--l-+ / -.:r-:. orxqecB

/-e

Bpbrr

/ o6-e-

rHrerHo B 06-ac.ra -a:/r1r-i npiBe c-Be-o-o c -oec ,:. !:

:.:ir

xena, oT

eTo Ha clBeT(xoTo nPaBrTenrHe, non3oTBoPBa Pa6oTa Ha KoHrPeca, ycnex 3 ParB"rhero Ha a,r3aiHa, 14

cTBo x oT cBoe

yKP€nBaH€ Ha crrPyaHr4qe-

crsoro iexAy

alnsaiHepnr€

pa3nnqHv

cTPaHr B non3a xa rlhPa r coqnanHlr nporPec. 3ano,rHaxa nn€HapH nre 3aceaaHHr. hr6paHara reHa Ha KoHrPeca ,,AesarHlr ra qoBexa H o6urecrsoro" n3parrBaue clu.lHocrra Ha TBOpqecxaTa au3aiHePcKa aeiHocT

arn6o-

KHr Cr'flrcrn Ha ParrnexaaHe, npo6neH,

3a nrPBu

nrr

Ha xoHrPeca Hz

v\cnA

coqnanHcTnq€cKa cTpaHa. rPaxaTa 3a qoBe-

xa, Ta3u BrcokoxyiaHHa qen Ha a[]aiHa, o6eArHrBaure norhqHo ocHosHl4Te AoKnaAr

,.ArranHlr

arpxaBHara non'4rxKa",,,4'a-

ranHrr H HayKara",,,flr.r3aintr u rpyaa", ,,Ay,3aiAL't t1 orAuxa" x ..AulaiHrr 3a Aeqara". ,cHo Ha,repraHara

rerarrqHo orHo-

ureHre nPorPaia aaae Bl3HoxHocr Ha v+ rrKHarv cneqran crH, Ar3aiH€pla or pa3,rl,LrHu crPaHu, Pa60reqx nPx Pa3nrqHr 116qecrBeHo-nonrrrqecxv x npoxrBoAcrBeHO-TexHOnOrr9eCKM ycnOBu' Aa xspa3rr qpel

aoknaall 11 rllxa3aaHu, KIH nocraBeHure fl po6nexu. Tenara ,,Ar,l]arir.l}t

',Rr'' p;rrneaaxa

AlpxaaHara none-

cso, Ao{na,ax lO.E.Co-

noBboB (CCCP)

B cnyx6a Ha -,,An3aiHlr 06urecrBoro"; O. 6ypKxapar (tllBerqaper) x nepcnekrrsH 3a vinonrBa-Hero,,Tesaerquv Ha Ax3a;Ha"; T. ManAoHaao (hranHr)

6raeurero

-,,An3aiHlr,l urara cpeaa" x M. Kenr x arpxaBHara

Ha o6t(plxaBa-

(TAP)

,,flt,l3aiHrr

npo6"eHure

AAlaiHa u Ha/Kara6r\a o6croiHo r3noxeHn or B.M. Mynlnoa (CCCP) r 3. Marep (rOP) s AoknaAxre ,,Ah3aiH h HayKa" 'a,,HrKo11 npo6neHn or reopxrra Ha an3aiHa". lO. Co-

nooaapa (Qunnaraur) B Ao(naAa ..Ponrra Ba npooecuosanHxr nPnHo€ Ha nPoHt1UlneHue afiaiH 3a xyHaHn3nprHe Ha ol<onHaIa pa6orHa cpeaa" h A. na8noBckx (nHP) E aoi(naaa ,,Au3aiHrr Karo cPeacrBo 3a noBxraBaHe efeki'4BHocra Ha,aoBeuKara 4er-

Ho(r"

H3Pa3uxa

cBo, slrrreala no nPo6ne-

MuTe Ha A[3aiHa

{

lPyAa.

Teiara,.Ax3aiHrrl, orAHxa" 6eue

pa3-

rneaaHa B Pa3nrqH}l acn€KrH B aoKnaaHre Ha M. 6nrK (AHrnHr) r cao6oAHo" ro speHe x Ha -,,An3aiHtr f.T. ne6eaeB (CCCP)

,,CEo6oAHo Bpere, orAr.rx x Ah3aiH". OT parnx.rHn rfleAHn TogKx pair,leAaxa MHorocrPaHHl,lTe nPo6neHl, no refiara ,,Ar-

,ariH-3a aeqara n. AHrour (I{CCP) ,,npeAHerH,rrr cBrr Ha a€r€ro l.l 3aaaqhre

ra arraiHa . Q. 6appe (Opalqrr)

aeqa" u O. Koron (CaPlo) .,A"3a'iHrr x rrpoBara AeiHocr 3a Ae-

,aiH cpeaara

,,Co-

B paHKqre Ha KoHrpecHara nporparaa 6rxa

oPoBeaeHxl,l cn€qnanrsl4PaHn ceKtlnoHHu saceaaHn, no ocHoBHt Te TeHh. KoxTo aaaoxa Bt3tloxHoc1 3a no-TeceH nPo+ecroHaneH 06heH xa IH(PopHaqrr. EaHoBpeHeHHo race-

aaaaxa ceKqxxre no T€HnTe,,An3aiHr,T B cnyx6a Ha 4!pxaBHara nontrT,r(a , ,,AhlarHtr u noBhurasaHe1o e+el(TuBHocTTa Ha nponlBoactaoTo B liHTePec Ha rroBe(a u

06utecrsoro", ,,pr,aiutr u 3autxrara Ha cPeAara", ,,TeoP,, 14 HeToax Ha arraiHa",

.,Arr iH\1 i

eproHoMHf,ra", ,,AH3a;Hrr

crcrexara Ha HayKxre",,,Arraixt-r r crsqasaheTo Ha HoBy oPrax, H cPeacTaa Ha rpyAa",,,QoprrlpaHe Ha nporrBoAcrBeHara cPeaa, cnoco6cTByBaqa 3a PalBrTMe nrqHocrra Ha pa6orHlaKa", ,,MrcroTo xa Au3aiHa E opraHn3aqnrra xa orglrxa" r ,,QopMHpaHe Ha npeAherHa:ra cpeAa, cnoco6crBy' Bauta ra xaPHoHr,rqsoTo PasBrTxe Ha A€qa-

B ceKqHrra ,,Teopr, l, HeToAn Ha Ah3aior K. Ay6oK, ri3xe(oxa AoxnaAx A. XeHnu (Apna.HAue) .,Teopxi 14 heroax Ha ar3aiHa", f.n. MuHa", np€AceAarencrBaHa

Hepsl,lH (CCCP)

HrKoq - ,,3a

HacoK,

Pa3BhTHeTO Ha TeXHHqeCKaTa eCTeTIKa B CCCP". l'1. llecrpoBh,{ (COPtO) .,Ar3anBTT OTHO!]JEHUETO KTI.I TPYAA.., A,A,

fupvxa8 (CCCP)

,,3a Ko8qenqurra

3eHonyli(CCCP)

-,,xyAoxecrseHoro Ha 46aiHa", M, TBopqecrBo a crcreHara Ha c!]'eo+axoBHq (COPIO) -,,EcrerrKa noTP€6sren", speHeHHrf, av3aiH11 racoB{r C. M"xanqeBcxr (nHP)

3a - ,,KoHqen'r,r prQr ra Bceo6qo non3BeHe", (fflP) Ha xyAoxe-

xosa crcrena

X.3arre

Lr.l

-,,MeroAr(a crBeHoTo nPoeKTlPaHe't u aP. B orA€nHo nneHapHo raceAaxl,le 6ixa Pa3rneaaHU aeiHocTr,rre, nocrrxeHyrTa,

TeHAeHqxnTel,l nePcnexTxBriTe 3a PaaBrTxe

Ha VRCUA. l-nasrrrr cexperap Xornn Ae KpecoHrep HanpaB, Ao6pe oHarneAeH nPerneAHrTeKyulrif, neprao4. huecexu 6axa AoKnaA, or r(oop4HHaropHTe Ha pa6oTxr,lTe rPynr, KonTo l,tl.laT peuaBaqo rHaqeHre 3a

aeiHocrra Ha CbBera. Aprbp Axx6Hr, nPeaceaaTen Ha llrntnHxTenHu,

Ko ]iTeT Ha

{rprerur crun", -n. CnaaoxlrHl,l (tlrannr) npoe(TkpaHe x rnnosl,l -ene,,XyaoxecrBeHo eHTH 3a crPaar, crPoeHx no nPoHr,,L!ne-

X xonrpec xa hKChfl, xoiro qe ce npo-

Meroar,r"t,,TeoperrqeH aHanx3", E.A. Po-

cneqranHo ct3aa4eH 3a xoHrPeca. B.qe8n xa iaKprsarlero, cnea xrcny!!BaHe Ha aoxraauTe Ha PtxoBoal,lTenrTe Ha ceKqfioHHvTe 3aceaaSl1rt SaKnpq{TeIHn Pegt

Hla

seAe B lrpnaHAv, nper 1977 roA., HanpaB, H,KOI4

npeanoxeHff u npeAocTaBx orntl,

npoxsHecoxa A-p TBxu,rxaHr, Koiro nocoer.r kaqecTBoTo n eseKTrBHocrTa xaTo qen, Ha cneABalqaTa neTrrleTxa Ha CCCP r K. Ay-

I CS

ID75

60K, xonTo noAvepra coqranHrre raArnxeHr,li Ha ar3aiHa ,i arsa;Hepxfe, l, aBaHaTa oPaToPr 3acerHaxa oT Pa3Il,tqHM TneaHr TOqKX COql1anHOTO,r 11r(OHOllI9eCKO 384geHMe Ha ArlaiHa a npoHxLlneHocTTa, (aKTo r,r cortrarHoTo cBXaHre, KoeTo rpr6Ba aa arfiyBa crTpyaHreecTBoTo, 3a aa HoraT

HayKata I TexHonortrra aa cnyxaT Ha qoBeqecTBoTo. 14PnasacK14Te aeneraTn c (PaTka aTPaxq,r, Ha aaaHcqeHaTa,l c nPo-

xexlHPaHero da b$n',a ,,l4pne{N, '77" noKaHxxa cLpAeqHo EcH'r(x Al43aiHepx Ha HoBa cpeqa Ha X-Tm xoHrpec, 3axnroqyrenHaTa nporpaia 3a6rpr!n c eaHoBpexeHHo nPoxeKTsPaHe arPxy qrnaTa a,lanoBrryaiHa clcTeHa Ha qBeTHrl AXano3rlTl4Bl,t,,3pa6o-

or BHhhTE, crpalrBalult lioHeHTr or 06qyBaHero HexAy Aenerarxre npe3 qeTrTeH,t

PxTe

KOSTPeCHX AHU,

AenoBara nporpaHa Ha KoHrpeca 6eure o6orareHa la pa3Hoo6pa3eHa c Ao6pe opraHrl3uPaHa ayAroBn3yanHa crcTeHa, pa3no. noxe8a Ha noAxoArulr, r€cra BrB Ooaierala oxono 3anaTa. npoxe(rupaxa ce arano3x-

!rTnar, pasKprBauth TBopqecrBoTo, nlo6x,Te 3afirllaHrr, r(yrTypHHTe nHTepecx 11

aTMocoepaTa :nl pa6oTa Na HsTlKHaTfi Ar,t-

3aiHeps. Crcrenara aaB:lLUe BlsnoxHocT 3a 06pa3Ho

npeAcra6rHe B p:BnHqHs acnex Ha PasrnexaaHrTe B Aoxra.q|re npo6neH, x I3Pa3tBaHe OT onPe4eneHx rneaHr ro'|Ki1 oTHOtleHIeTO KbH nOCTaBeHrTe atnpoctl.

AranorxrxBrre Aaoaxa xHQopr4aqr,,r,a

noaToToaxaTa Ha aH3a;Heprle B Pa3nnqHl1

yqe6HI raseaeHri.

OpraHr3xpaHrre noceqeHm k l!3nox6r,

riyl€x, naireTHrq, ha Kynrypara x HcToprl'{ecx, fiecTa, oorqsanHsre nprern, HenprHyaeHrTe Palroaopx Ha yauJa Kaoe npe! nogrBr(rre HexAy 3aceAaHrrra 6rxa nonsoTBOPHO t3non3yBaHll 3a HOaI XOHTaKTI, la pa3roBoPr,t c norHaTx nprrTenx la pa3irHa Ha rH(|opHaqrr, 3a npyrrHo o6uryBaHe.

{

HascrkaAe ce qyscrsyBaure rocronpreH-

cTBoTO, C!PAeqHOCTra. nIO6e3HOcrra, apyxe,Iro6HoTo oTHo!!eHue Ha AoHaK$HriTe,

HaLrixre

.LBercK, xoneru

AxiaiHepr,

$??

/rA,-\ ,

Au l'n a

t4v \,t,t,y' /Vv I

AA NOCT'ITHEM KPACOTATA fleserrrr xoxrpec Ha MexAyHapoAxran crBeT Ha oPra8r3aq,l,1fe no an3aiH npeHuHa noa aeBl,3a,,Ar3aiH ]a qoBekal, 06utecTBoro". To3r{ Aesrr Karo HriKol; Apyr oTroBap, Ha

ayxa

Ha BPeHeTo, noaqePTaBa xyHaHHaTa

cru]HocT Ha nPo+ecknTa Ha xyaoxHyxaAr3aiHep. CrrAasaHuTe c HeToao yqacrne yao6Bv ,1 KPachBr4 nPeAileTh ca anrxHl4 aa noanoHaraT floBriuraBaHeTo Ha KoHooPTa

nPo,rrBoariTenHocTTa Ha TPyAa, PacTexa Ha xynryPara H oPraHx3aqHrra Ha 6ura u orAr-

nporpa ara Ha koHrpeca POl<

o6xBaqal'Ue

l'U.4-

l<Plr OT aKTyanHH nPo6ner4rl, KoxTo

B CBorTa

CtSkynHocT

OnPeAenrT xaPaKrePa Ha h3Me8eHxrra, l,3BrPtUBaurH ce B ro3n Bua rBoPqecKa AeiHocr. Te3r npo6nefih 6rxa KoHqeHrpnpaHl4 6 neTTe ocHoBHl,l TeHu Ha (oHrPeca.

B aB€

or rrx

n arpxaBHa

- ,,AH3aiH nonrrrka" l, ,,Aln3aiH u HayKa"

Par-

- HanPaarrex,qaxa BrnPocll c 06ut xaPaxTep. MeP, ocHoBHrTe ycnoBrr 3a y'{acTHe Ha au3aisa a PeuaBaHeTo Ha 3aAaqv c Lll4Poxo coqranHo 3HaeeHue, BPr"KHre Ha ArraiHa c nocrfi

xeHrifa

Ha HayqHo-f exHhqecxara Mh-

ctn, c aagHl,lTe Ha coqranHaTa ncgxonorrr, HayKaTa 3a Bi3nuTaSreTo, 3aPaBeona3BaHe-

Kplr6y or srnpocu, o6xsautauth rei1,,Te ,,AvianH t 'tp't A", ,,Arrai H H orarx", ,,Ax3aiH 3a aeqara", 11Haure no-koHKpereH iapaKr€p, Ho r.r ryr{ yqacrHrqMr€ B koHrpeca c€ Hai-Beqe clc 3aaaqr1e !a c}3aaBaHe Ha 8ai-qenecto6Pa3Ha ecreTrlgecKa cPeaa 11 3a BrcoKooPraHx3rPaHn, TPya, r{ ]a nrnHoqeHHx, oTAhx, r{ 3a BL3nrTaHveTo Ha noaPacrBau{oro noKoneHMe, Bcu,rKu re3, Brnpocu He [orar Aa He BrnHysar n cbBercxnre a,l3aiHepx, -rbi karo Har4npar oTPaxeHue s TrxHaTa nPaKThqecm

KaKTo e s3BecrHo, HoBara, aeBera nerrn€TKa, B HaBeqePrleTo Ha xorro ce HahlPa

Hauiara clPaHa. ute

T, ute 6!ae

HacogeHa

xlH

eKrxpaHe, crq€raBauto HayqHara xeroaonornr, LUxPoxn, xy'1aHnraPeH noaxoA, cpeacrBaTa Ha n3KycTBoTo h t HxeHePSoTo nPoeKTrpaHe, e cnoco6Ho clulecrBeHo aa aorrPrHece 3a PeuasaHero Ha re3l,l 3aaaqu. B

ycnosrrra

Ha Hay,.rHo-TexHvqecKara

p€-

H: lX xoi.pe. i. ,lKC14A, no no.oa na xoiro 'xp,..iero .. .pesr{ara npeacr..racr{ {a noqrx .o .rparv , anrtHep{, .sraxxPax, . nPo6r€ivr. H: apyn cnc'rna^r.rr, Anlanra, rop€.noHAeHr ra r.,,nP..a." ce e 06rpr., oPraN...q|oHe{ *rn nPea..Aarcrr ko r.r {a xonrpe.., 3.i..P€aceaareat H. arPx..' xoi{rer .: {.rk. x re,Hni. nP, MC m CCCP ".r A.p A.M. r.,uxas, c xon6. ar p.txrxe.a Pa6orara Ha ro3, a,ratiep.xv $opyi. nP.aa.axe nt,H,t noiecreHo .a. ..,,npa.a

nO-ronrt,lo coqra,lHo H llxoHo nrrecxo lHaqeHre. C ToBa ce 06rcHrBa QaKTrr, qe npe3 nocreaHxfe roaxHr4 aHriarleTo 8a atPxasHHTe opraHl, Ha tlSoro cTPaHv xrM Hero 3Ha'{urenBOrlrcqX' AX3a;Hrr nPr406HBa

BCe

He caMo noa'.rePTaBar

pacrrqam ponr Ha xyaoxeclBeHoTo npoexrrrPase B x(aoTa ra crBPeireHHoTo o60lecTBO, HO

KaqecTBoTo.

PeLUTTenHO nOAo6PrBase 8a BC'lql(14 KaqecrEeHr noKalaTenfi . xyaox€cTBeHoTo .rPo-

6!ae

nerxn€TKa

Hay,rHo-TexHHeecKoro crrpyaHrvecrso

chB B(nloqsa u clrpyaHnqecfBo B o6na(TTa Ha nPoMMurneHera ecreTrKa, oclulecrBrBaHo o1 MexAyHapoaHr, l(ooPArHaqnoHeH qeHrrp, calaaHa crpaHure-'{neHK, Ha

aeH npl,l Bcecrlo3Hr,r, HayqHon3cneaoBaTercr(,1 l,lFrcTrryT 3a TexHrrqecKa ecTelIKa. To3l, HHcrrryr, Ha cBoi pea, e HaytrHo-MeroaH-

qecx9 qesrrP Ba earHHara arPxaBHa cxcTeia oT xyaoxecrB€Ho-nPoexTaHTcxx oPTaHl,l3aqkr B HauJara ctpaHa. npaxrhxara noxa3Ba,,.ie tlexayHapoaHoro

crrPyaErqecrBo B Tasx o6nacT Hoxe aa 6rae BaxeH Saxrop npr ycneuiHoro peuaBaHe 9a HHOrO xoHKPerHX 3aAa'{v,6naroaa-

PeHre Ha o6eaxHeHrre ycrlnxt Ha ar3aiHePl,l or PasnrqHH crPaHn. c yaoBoncrBxe 3a6e-

,lr3aaHe, rre nPe3 nocneaHxre roanHu

HanpaBeHo rrHoro 3a Pa3sqrnero Ha raKoBa cr-rPyaHx9ecTBo KaxTo Ha aBycTPaHHa, Taxa ,1 Ha llSOrOCTPaHHa OCHOBa.

B re3la ycnoBr, e par6upaeH nHlepec.bl, KOiIO nPOrBrXa Kbll KOHTPeCa ciBeTcKr1e nPoHrituneHl,l rxnrclePcTBa, nPeanPl,rrTMrTa, 8ay\rHara r Textrrl€ckaTa o6t4ecrse_

Hocr. Pa36rPa ce, B Paln,!q811 coqHanHo11r{oHo ugecK}r ycnoBxn BtnPootr€ Ha nPouLrineHala ecreTvl<a ce peu.JaBar Pa3nM'.lxo, oTPalrEaix}' cneqrQ,|HrTe oco6eHocTH

Na o6ulecrBeHoro nPor!3BoacrBo, a ctulo TaKA l, ycnosrrra 3a oopMxPaHe Ha o6qecTBeHrTe rxTePecx, ayxoEHv qeEHocr,',

(prrePnu ra nPorPec14 r.8. Ho HecbMHeHo e Pa3Br't,rero Ha ar3aiHa xaro HayKa, xaTo,!3(ycTBo, r a 06ul,1 3al<oHo' flePHo€rrr, vMa aocTa KoHKPeTH0 OpraHrra_ rlrroHHl, v TsoPqeckx nPo6netlr, Ko14To !e caHo r4oraT, Ho r ca anrxHH aa 6taar npea_ Her Ha u.JvPo(o iexayHaPoaHo o6ctxaaHe

B crBpeHeHHri cBrr craaa Bce no_f,cNo,

qe roreM,lTe npo6neHx, Bt3Hr,lkBaulH nPea 'roBe'recTBoTo,

peuaBaT

ycneuHo, KonKoTo no-TtcHo e clrPyAsu_ rrecraoio Mexay nPeacraBnrenu 3a Pa!-

nr,r86

cTpaH14, Ha Pa3n'rqH,

coural]NH./-

cfeHu. HaFanrBa-e_o ra YexAl-aPor-c_' FanPexeHue. Ho-ueF /rryf c CusellaH,1ero ra 6elonacNocr I clitrr:-/' vecreo a Eapona, c}raasa 6ier.r)/i--/

l.noBua 1a -a{oBa cbrp/r-l-::-!_

i'=

acuqK, o6,1actu, 6 toBa qhcflO l,l'6 o6nactTa Ha xyaoxecTBeHoro nPoexrrPaHe, Crpysa xr ce,9e nnoAorBopHara pa6oie

lX xofirpec H^

ARC|y,'A ule noiorHe

a*Tl,laHo ra yKPeflBaHeTo 8a nPorpecrBHlnTe feHA€Hqnx B xyaoxecTaeHoro nPoeKTrpaHe, 3a noBuL!aBaH€To Ha npooecxoHarHoTo

HIBO r,r ycrabpLleHcrByBaHero Ha noarora nprrHaBaHero Ha pacrrulata ponr Ba Ar3ari8a B

ToaKaTa Ha ArsaiHePcxr,! KaAPN,

PerlaBasero

nPo6ne

r c ronrlro

coqflan-

Ha onYufianHh, acopTrMeflT ,.ia cTol(rTe ta rYacoaa

Axo rosopnx 3a xoHxperH, saaaqr.

To Hauiara

xyaoxecTaeHoro nPoeKThPaHe a cTPaHa e nPu!6aHo nPear acxqxo aa noanoHara no-HaraT![uHoTo rfosrujagahe Ha (aqecrBoro 8a nPoHrurneEllre ln3aenrt, Ha flonla. TexHlrTe nolPe6xrenc(h caoicrBa yAo6crBo, kPacora. TPr6Ba aa ce- orAent BCe

no-ronrho

ynorpe6a,

3a Aa

Hox€

Toi Hai-ornHo

aa oTroBoPh Ha PacTiull4re noTpe6HocTr

Ha ctaercxr.rre

xyAoxH,rq,,-npoer<TaHTn

nPeacTo, ronrria ri orroBopHa pa6oTa, noa, noHeraqa ct3aaBaHeTo Ba xapioHrqNa nPeaHeTHa cpeaa ]a nnoaoTBopeH xxBor AeiHocr Ha crBerck(Te xopa. 14

BHUMaHTe Ha pasPa6orKaYa

O r.o H.ar.Ho: a-p A.M.rbuuv:,x, iai. npcac.earen u llrpxasx,r xoxxi€a,a iayx. n rer{{6 np, Mc h. cccP " npeAceaa,.n {a opraf,u..qxoHH,i xoixr€r Ha a, P.xrop Ha a H LllC xo{rp€.., K Ay6Lox A.<rp,x). np.a..a.rer flr 14 (c lnA. xo3,e a. Kpe<odsep { 5€r.y r), rnn.eH cexperap Ha ,l xc vlA, r to.E.Cororbo., - aoHaxnr xa xoxrp..a x ,,8. npea.ea.r.r H. Op..rrr.qr.HH,i xoirrer. -

AI{SArH\T B CTY}KEA npe o6crxAaHe

Ha BLnpoca 3a

HA AH3A;HA

ponrra,

PEUJABAHETO HA

npo6neHln, (otrTo l,l al BaxHo 3HaqeHne ra qoEeKal,1 06utecTBoro, e Heo6xoar,lt1o aa ce xMa nPeABHA, qe

an3a;Hrr

He nPeacraBnrBa

eaHoPoaHo, caMo nonoxxrenHo! xyMaHHo u oP"eHrxPaHo rBneHHe. Pox6a Ha Kynrypara, ro; orparrBa BCHql(nre i cnoxHocrx H npoTxBoPequr, o6ycnoBeHk 01 clulecTBy-

saHero Ha pa3nrqH14

co qx &1H o-x r{o

o r.

'{eckri cl4creHI v nPor3Tuqau]ure or roBa

,1aeonorrqe€Ka Pa3HoPoaHofi Ha o6urecrB€HOTO CL3HaHne, XOnll3l,v Ha HarePvanHOTO

ayxoBHoTo

1,1

T.H. HesHHoxHo

e nonox

TenHrTe v oTPr4qaT€nHu xaPamePhcTrKu Ba

axlaiHa aa 6!aar pa3rnexaa8,r oTKrcHaro

HA o6rqEcTBoTo xapnoHu'{Hx cHcTe11r oT Beutu. ycKoPeHHrT HayqHo-rexHuqecKfi nPornec nocTaB, nPea au3aiHePHTe Bce no-cnoxHl, raaaq,r, Heo6parx o pa3L!vprBa Haura6rre Ha rrxHara aeiHocTl, yBenreaBa oTroBoPHoc'rTa ri npea o6utecrBoro. A loBa 03,rckBa flPo+ecnoH:rnv3rr1 H ur14Poxo ri3non3yBaHe Ha Hayrr-

Pa3urnpisa8ero

ycnoxHrBaHero 3aaa-

quTe Ha AvraiHa nPr'{14Hr,1xa a MHoro crlyqax

Hero6aTa oPraHu3aqnoHHa crpyKryPa. B HHoro crPaHn noPacrsa EHrMAH ETO HA A!PXTBHXTC OPTAH'1 KtM ANJAN' Ha, B p€ar4qa cTPaHx ca c!3aaae814 ueHTpanHN OPTAHM, KOOPAXHUPA!]X AEiHOCTTA B

B Haurara crpaHa, cblaaaeHa eauHHa alPxaBHa

o6nacrra Ha ar3ailla. HanpuHep,

or co'rtuanHo-r,ll(oHofltqecKara cqc1eha, a clqo raKa n or KynryPara, o6utecrBoro,

c,lcTeMa Ha xyAoxecTBeHo-KoHcTpyKToPcKrTe opraHu3aqr,,r. PrKoBoaeHa or arPxaBHx,

KoeTo usnonsyBa arl3aiHa. TnaBHara re3a Ha ror aor(flaa ce cbcror4 B ToBa, ee B ncTopl4qecKx, nlT Ha AxrarHa,

cr{h, crBer Ha cccP.

Blnpe(u acvqKxTe cnoxHocTu x nPoluEoPe'ru, aocrarbqHo ,cHo rloxe aa ce npocnea, TeHAeNqxrra 3a 06qecrBeHo ynPaBneHxe Ha a!3aiHa. Pearrr,rPaHeTo Ha Ta3, reBAeHql,4, s .oquanxcTn'{ecl(hTe cTPaHu noA {oPHara Ha a}PxaBHo P-EkoBoAcrso Ha

cucTeHaTa 3a xyaoxecTseHo npoexTrpaHe cb3aaBa MaKcrranS!1 Br3MoxHocTH 3a nonox rer!Fo xlnonryBaHe cPea€rBara da AxraiHa, Haco'reHx (rM noBnuJaaaHe Ha xaqecTBoro Ha npo nurneHara flPoayKqxr, kr)M rr rpaxaaHero Ha coqranecTvqecKaTa KyrTypa.

ThpBxre AhiarH€px aol.Unu B nponrBoAcrBoTo, He Hoxexa aa c'i nocTaBtT aPyrn 3aaaqn, ocBeH noao6PrBaHero Ha oraenHx nPoHuurneHu r134enrr, nPox3BexaaHero MM s cr,oTBeTcrBxe c noTPe6vrencKHTe xlrlcKBaHxr. cera e Beqe oqeB,{aHo, '{€ He e Aocra-

rrLrHo aa 6!aar noao6PrBaHl,l

Pa3nheHrl,

oraenHo clurecrByBau{ npealreru, rti TO Tosa Hoxe aa 3ac,1n, TeHAeHqrrra

Ka-

xaoc B nPeaHerHrr cBrr. nPea aqsaiHa

6eure nocraBeHa 3aAa'{ara Aa cbAeicrsysa 3a cr3aaBaHeTo Ha no-none3H,r, yao68l,l x

Konl4rer ra HayKa x rexHr(a nPx MxHxcrePhma eorqxu ocHoBaHm aa ce rBtpar4, 're Ax3aiH-br e BcrLnhn B HoB eran Ha pa3Bvrue, xapaKrepHa qepra Ha Koiro e Bce no-LU'rPoHa HeroBraTe nocT14xeHfi, B 06uroalpxaBeH Maura6. B coqHanucru,recx,1Te crPaHx To3u eTan ranoqHa no_PaHo, rl, KaKaO Hr- ce crpyBa, or6enr3Ba no-kaPArsanHx peureHxrl,l no-BucoKr4 Te noBe 8a pa3Bhrxe.

oTKOnKOTO B KanUTanUCTUqeCXXTe,

Baxes {aKrop 3a y(KopeHoro parBrrre Ba arsaiHa B coqnanHcrnqecK Te crPaHx e

HexayHaPoaHaTa cneql4anH3aqn, h Koone_ pxpaHe Ha x/aoxecrBeHo-'(oHcrPyKroP(Kx' re E HayqHour(neaoBarencKure Pa6orM. 3a roBa cnoco6crBa KoHnnexcHara nPorPaHa 3a cou{anucrn'{ecKa UHT€rPaqffi Ha cTpaHhTe'qneHKla Ha ChB, Kotro orHar4eHysa HoB

eTan B ParBrTreTo Ha uKoHo xqecxo

cL_

TpyaHnqecrBo or HoB ru n, ctTPyaHvqecrBo' Ha Ha cyBepeHH{, PaBHonPaaHv coqxanncrr_

B ycnoBvrra Ha KanuranncruqecKoro nPoH3BoACTBo HOAyTT eTan Ha PalBrTue Ha no-rontia cxna Pa3KPl au3aiHa

c oqe

nporxBoPeqxrra Mexay HeroBnre slrHoxHOCTX n HaqnHnTe la HeaoBoTo hlnon3BaH€.

to, 6, conoBBoE axpexrop Ha BHrlrTE

Bta spuxa

Ktlt Aa,!3aiHa, Ha xanyTan,!cTnranoqBaT aa nPorBrBaT, e

c roBa hHTepecrr

(oiTo A!pxaBHuTe opraHl,l

qecKnre crPaHn aocTa crfinTol'laTuqeH.

3a4avure aa eQexrrBHo Hsnon3BaHe

A(3aiHa B xHeTo Ha o6qoAlpxaBHrTe hHrepecl, nocraBrr npo6neHx, cB!P3aHx c onPeaenrHeTo Ha crorBeT.TBauture opraHri3aqnoHHH (popHx Ha teroBoTo parsxrre. ,cHo e, qe xapal(Teprr Ha ArpxaBHoro ycTPoricTBo nocTaBr cBo, oTneqaTlK srpxy

cneqr{rxara nonrrnka

Ha npoBexAaHara Haqfi oHanrta

o6nacrra Ba Ah3aiHa, CoqnanxcTll9ecKaTa aLpxaBa c!3HaTenHo nocTaBi A(3ariHa B cnyx6a Ha o6utecrBoTo. Toq8o SaTOBa Cl3AaSaUlrTe Ce B COtlIanrcll4'1ecK,ire crpaHx opraHrraqroHHy Ooprfi Ha PalBrTre Ha ar3aiHa Hai-olnHo, *axro HH ce B

cTPyBa, oTPa3rsaT xaPa(TePH,lTe 9ePT' Ha HeroBoto pa3BrTHe Ha crBpetleE8l.l eTan. lrxaile ocHoBaH,r, Aa BrpBarle, qe HauJrrr onrT l,l onyTr1 Ha apyrnTe coqhanucTr,tqeckfi cTPaHH B ToBa oTHoLleHrle roxe aa nPeacTaB,nrBa onPeaeneH !rHTePec 3a qyxae-

cTPahHrTe (oneTr. B xpa, Ha 50-r€

Haqanoro Ha 60-re

roArHl,l Pa3BrlTrero Ha xyaoxecTBeHoao nPoeKTnPaHe B HauiaTa cTPaEa

cTaia Heoi-

noxHa Heo6xoArrrocT. C nocranosneHre xa MC sa CCCP or 28 anpyn 1962 r.,,3a noAo6piBaHe KaqecrBoro Ha iauryHocrporirenHafa nPoayKqv, ,! cTor(xTe c (yflfypHo6xroso npeAHalHa.r€Hfie nocpeAcrBoH BHeaPrBaHeTo Ha Heroaxre Ha xyaoxecTBesoTo r(oHcrpyxpaHe" 6euJe cBAaAeH Bcecrlo3Hr,ii Hay'.rHoulcneaoBaTencKlr rHcTl,lTyT 3a TexHr-

qec(a ecrerrKa (BHrATE) u peArqa cne-

h xyaoxecTBeH o-r(o H cfPy(To pc K r,r 6rcpa (CXKE). Toaa onpeaenr.r Br3lroxtocrTa ra nnaHoM€PHo Pa3B,rTre Kaxao Ha npoekTaHTCkaTa nPaKTrka xyaoxecTBeHoTo nPoeKTxPaHe, ram l,l -Ha HayKaTa npoql,lan x

l'xuneHaTa ecTeT((4, I cBAaae opraHrraqroHHrTe ocHoBx Ha cnyx6riTe !a xyao-

xecTBeHo nPoeKTxPaHe. npe3 1963 r. LlK Ha KnCC r MC sa CCCP nPlrexa nocrafioBneHre !a noao6prBaHe noaroToBKaTa Ha cneqranMcTr,r

oT BrcuJIle

cPeAH, yqe6Hl,l 3aBeAeHxr. B nocraHoBneHnero ce roaopr 3a Heo6xoAr,,iocrTa or PeoPraHfi 3aqui Ha noBeqeTo xyaoxecrBeHH

arcLll,i yqrnxqatl C!3AaBaHelO B TrX

oTaeneH,!, x KaTe4px no npoHaruneHo rrKycrBo, B pelynrar Ha rosa B AeBer shcur, y,{e6Hk 3aBeAeHffi B crpaHara 3anovraxa aa ce noa.oTBrT ryaoxHrrttH-npoexraHTu. E,aHoBpeHeHHo c opraHulnpaHero Ha crcncreHara 3a npoQecuoHanHo xyAoxecrBeHo-npoerraHrcKo 06palosaHre 6rxa ereru HePKt1 3a 3an03HaBaHe Ha uHxeHepHo-TexHy"

qecKxT€ xaap( c ocHoBnTe Ha xyAoxecTBe_ HOTo npoeKrrpaHe, ToBa

o,3a Aa ce o6ern€qx

6eue Heo6xoar_

npo6neMfi, csrp3aHh c noElnuraBaHeTo Ha norpe6rrencl{rre csoicrBa Ha npoMxrufleHnre u3Aenr, r,l o6raBexAaHero Ha x,inH!uHH crPaaH, npoxrtuneH,l npeanpnrTxr, a4HxHl,rcTPaTnBHl,l yqpexaeH,lr. craeftr onpeaen, rnaBHfiTe Hanpasnex{, Ha Hay,rHrTe nlcneaBaHri B o6jracrra Ha Ko nflekcHoro npeo6parysaHe Ha npeAMerHara cpeAa. Pe3ynrarxre oT nocneAoBarenHara Aei, HocT Ha arpxaBHHfe opraH}, flo pa3BxT,reTo Ha Axsaiha B Haulara crpaHa He 3axlcHrxa.

no-HaTaTluHaTa crBHecrHa pa6ora Ha xyAoxHlaKa-npoexraHT

xtxeHepa. Kypcrr,,Ocxoall Ha xyAoxecTBeioro npoeKTrpaHe" e Braeaes cera B noeeqe or 40 Bncur,i rexHu,recxx y.re6Ha

cP€acTaa Ha Tpyaa, cToxx 3a

laBeae|rr s

aToaNara

C qen no4o6iraaxe Kaqe.rBoro Ha npoayKr.l14rTa, TPy.qoslTe ycnoar,, l,{ noBxuraBaHe nPo{3BoAxrensocrTa Ha Tpyaa npe3 okroMBp,i 1968 r. MC Ha CCCP npre peureHue,

xoeTo nocTaBI i{aqanoTo Ha HoB eTan a pa38qrrero Ha Au3aiHa B Hauara crpaHa nocraHosneHuero,,3a noAo6prBaH€ Ha h3non3BaHeTo Ha nocTr4xeHHrTa Ha npo14nUJneHaTa ecTeT(Ka B SaPOAHOTO CTOnaSCTBO",

Hero ce nocoqaa. qe ,3ncKBaHHrra Ha npoHxurreHara ecreruKa Tpr6Ba Aa 6lAar

reveaue xa eAxo Aecerrrerre noBce14ecrHO HapacrHa xyaoxefi BeHo-n poeKrasTcKoro Hr4Bo Ha nPoEruneHara nPoa/Kr]r, _

uxpoxo

no-

rPe6fleHre, npoHxuJneHa rpa6rxa r,l onaflpe3 nocneAHrre ToAHHH e cr3AaAeH ronfi M 6pori hHrepecsr xyAoxecTseHo-npoekraHTck14 pa3pa6oTKr. Taxa HanprlMep TexKoroBaPHr aErorro6rrnn 6eflA3 u MoA3 e nPnHeP la (oHnnexceH noaxoa KIM npoeK" rkPaHeTo Ha cepx, MoAenr, B xorTo yAaqHo ca peueHu npo6ne Ha eArHHffi crxn

"Te Ha npoayKr.lrrTa Ha 6eflopycKyTe aBTo3aBo-

Av. Pr.,6onoEHrre xopa6x, pa3pa6oreHla or

oTPa3eHn B AtPXaBHnTe cTaHAapTX, HOphaT'lBHO.TEXH14\]€CKtlTE MATEP'1ANH, B ]AAA.

neHfi HrpaAcKHTe xopa6ocTpo14Tenl,l c HenocPeacTsesoTo yqacTye Ha xyaoxHhttr-npoekraH r, ocrryprEar BcxqK, yAo6crBa 8a

Hrrra ra

Pa3Pa6ofKa u nPoenuPaHe Ha npoilxurneHu x3aenrr, oT6enr3Ba ae BaxHa-

Ta Pon, Ha

npoMr,ruJIeHaTa ecTeTrKa

xyaoxecTaeHoTo npoeKTl,pare opx nporHo3l,tpaHero

x oqesxara

norpe6[renckkre

cBoicrBa Ha npoilhurneHrT€ x3Aenl,lr. np,t TOBA kOHnne(CSrrrT noaxoa KIH oueHKaTa Ha KaqecTgoTo y cPaBHMlenHaTa eKcnepTx3a Ha nPoHxr]JreHfiTe ylaenufl ce pa3rnexaaT xaro BaxHl. cpeAcrBa, cnoco6crBaqx 3a noBl,uJaBaHe Ha KaqectsoTo Ha nra€nhrTa.

eKlinaxa

ce oTnxqaBaT c BxcoKl,i xyaoxe-

cTBeHO-TeXHIgeCKl,l

kaqeCTBa, nOCTXrHarn

ca onPeaeneH( ycnexr a o6necTTa Ha xyaoxecTBeHoTo npoeKT,!PaHe r,la peaHqa TpaKToPr4 s CercxocTonaHcxo1o r,a[!rriocTpo€-

Bce no-ronsro BHxHaH$e ce oraen, Ha o63aBexAaH€ro Ha 06utecrBeHu rAaHur, Hrr<ou of Trx c ysxKanho rHa'{eHxe: ABopeqa Ha KoHrPecrrei KoHnneKca oT aeporap, Ha

urycxgaHrira Ha npoxrurneHaTa ecTeTrKa craBa 3aatnxtTenHo npn

hocKoBcK,, aePoBt3en, ronexl, xoTenh B Mocrsa, T6rnrcr, neHrfirpaa. Tpr6Ba Aa 6tAay or6enrsaH, cnonyenlnBrire xyAoxe-

nnaHfiPaHeTo Ha npor3BoacTBoTo Ha HoBn t^rAensa h npy. qeH006pa3yBaHero.

cTBeSO-TeXHIq€Ckl,l

HeTO Ha eAhSHa CnCTeHa Ha XyAO)KeCTBeHO-

3AaHhr, pa3pa6orKxre Ha iocKoBcKoro CXK6, cBap3aHM c npoexrrpaHero Ha cepx, rlproBcxu aBroHarx ,1 Apyru BuAoBe 060PyasaEe 3a nPeanPxrrr4, 8a TbProsnrTa ,,

Oreuraeero

B crqoro eperle raarpu.:ea Sop rpa-

nPo€KraHTcKrTe oPraHr3aqnr, KorTo ce ornaBrBa or ArpxaBH,r, Korlrrier ia Hay{a x r€x}rrKa npla f.lc Ha CCCP. npr ro3u Ko nrer ce cuAasa HayqeH crser no npo6neH,,re Ha npoHhuJneHara e.TerrKa, 3a PasrrexaaHeTo Ha BaxHI, HexayoTpacnoB,t

PeUeHX' Ha YrnOBl,

xo nneKT,l r,i cePhr rrsa€nr,

crar, parpa6ore8a or LlHl,lhEll -:a

(nacHa yve6rra

06utecrBeHoro xpaHeHe. Pe3ynra or npaBrnHo rsnon3BaHe B!tHOI(BOCTTTe

Ha npOXItlIeHaTa

eCT€T[Ka

aeHoHcTprPaT nyHKToBeTe Ha aaTorarxsnpasure cucreHlr 3a ynpasneHne Ha TELl-21

Ha l4o.eHepro, rep r'{Hri qex Ha BocKpeceHcKMn xrtlKot!6rrHaT, o6eAfiSeHala eHep-

rocxcreMa Ha 3agxasxa:xrre peny6n,il(rr, parpa6or€HH or SHhhTE crBMecrHo c

asroHar(raqki rl ap. TaKxBa ca ocxoBHl4Te eranx Ha parsrrxe

ra clrnacyBaseTo 8a napaMerprlTe

'leHvero, Ha rsaenH,3a xrnuulara. npourBexaaHn oT pa3nhyhh oTpacnn Ha npoMntuneHocrra. E4na or ocrroaxrre SyHKq,ih Ha ynpaEne-

Hrlero no nPoilrrurnesa ecrerxka e yeacrre

alpxaBHara

yn paBneHne Ha Ha nPoay(q,1rra. xyaoxecrBe-

LlH14l4 3a l<oflnneKcxa Ha

Ax3ai8a B Haurara crpaHa 3a nocneAHure

roal48tl.

Ho-TexHr'{ecxlre xaPaKrePxcrnK}, Ha n3ae-

nhtTa u TexHuT€ Ko nnexc( ce nPueiaT KaTO laalnxuTenHl noxaSaTenx 8a (aqecTlaneTHan!

ATPXaAHl,' CTaHAaPT.

Ho auec, na xoer,rr eran or pa3Bkrreio Ha ah3aiHa, nsrnexaa qenecro6pasHo aa pa3rneaa e Bc,l'rKu nepcneKT[BHx QopHu 3a n3non3Ba8e Ha HeroBnTe Bb3r,l0xHocTn oT

BOTO H Ca

CTpysa Ml,| ce, L]e noHacroiuleM B caera ipt raKrsa ocHoBHu OopHu: nbpBaTa Koraro ce cr3aaBa cneqranHo AbpxaBHo a4H,rH,lcrparxaHo y'{pexaeHHe,

oalpa6orKara c€ xoHlponlpar xyaoxecTseHo-TexHrlqecKnTe noxa3aTenx, ynE nPu rosa a,r8ar,1 ioxe aa novcKa xopHrrPaHe rn, Bro6qe aa 3a6PaH,{ nPoH3-

xoefo PlKoBoa, Pa3Brr Br,rrroxrro(Ture da rx3a;Ha

ra urlpoKo

GurecrsyBar

Maqa6 i BTopara

HauuoHaneF

(oTaTo

al,]arHrr ce ,3non3Ba 3a u3nlnHeHrero Ha HrcneaosarencKl4 x flpoeK1asTcKu pa6oru nPn peuraBaHero Ha coqHanHu x cronaHcK( nPo6neM!1 c o6qoabPxaaHo lSaqeHue; Tperara Koraro ax3ariHepcKara opraNr-

- ponrra Ha KoHcynTaHT u npo3aq0, lrpae naraHrucr Ha an3ariHa. nprHep 3a nlpBara +opra oxe aa cnyxu crraaaeHoro B TAP ynpaBne|re no npoMvLllneHa eclelrlxa, xoeTo e opraH 8a MC Ha TAP. ToBa e eaHoBpe eHHo prKoBoaeH, Kor{TPOneH 0 KOOpAHHaql,oHeH oPraH B

o6nacrra Ha npoHHUneHara ecreruKa. Toi onpea€n, pa3B,1The1o Ha axlaiHa B qinara crPaHa B crorsercrB'4e c aKryanH"re HapoaHocronaHcl(t

14aeonorvvecKu 3aaacu

ynpaBneHrero noarorBr npeAnoxeHn, ra 3aKoHoaarenHvre HePoflPrrrrvr, HacoqeHu rGM ycrBrptUeHcrByBaHero Ha crpyKrypara Ha nPou3BoacrBoTo, PasnPeaenes,!ero x noTpe6reHxero Ha ctoKt ae, noBuLrJaBaHero Ha Ka'{€cTsoro r,!h, onThfirls14PaHeTo Ha TPyao' Bnre x 6xroBl,l ycnosur. TaKa, no nPeAnoxeHve Ha ynpaBneHnero no npoMrurneHa ecrerrt(a llpe3xarryHlr Ha MC Ha fAP npxe

1974

r. nocraHoBneHre

Ha acoprk

onrnMx3r{paHero KynlyPr.ro-

exla 01 vsaenr, c

6rroBo npeAHarHa,reHue

Ha 6a3ara Ha HayvHo

nporHorHpaHe Ha norpe6HocTM1e Ha

Hace-

f'lo npeanoxeHke ra YIlE xy4oxecraeroro

nPoexT,rPaHe

Karo raalnxhre-

neH KoMnoHeHT oute B pal]HnTe eTanx Ha Hay!rHo,rscfleaBaHe ,l flPoexrrPaHe. Ha Bcx-

Boacraoro Ha rreenrero, 3a pearqa cror(, norpe6n€Hhe Yl'lE uratpu-raa

3aa!flx,1renHa eKcfleprh3a Ha xyaoxecTBeHo-TexHheecxl,lTe cBoicrBa, Bucokara oqeHKa e raarnxuTenHo ycnos(e 3a nPlctxaaNe Ha 3Haxa 3a Ka'recrso. Yf'lE ornasrBa qrnara xyaoxecrseHonpoeKTaHTcKa aeiHocT s crpaHara, Koopa14Hrpa HayqHhre u3cneABaHufi s o6nacrra Ha 4 raiHa, pa3npeAen, nopbqKnre 3a xyAoxecrBeHo-TexHrqecK{ nPoeKrh. no ro}H HaqvH ro +akr',.recK Mrpae pon,ra Ha

alPxaBeH Blrnoxnre

a,l3ai8epcx14Ie Pa3pa6orx11. h8TepecHo e, ,re Ar3aiHeplre ca perxcrpupaHh B ynE u xBanxoMKaqurra xr1 ce npoBeprBa cucre Ho. Ynpaenenuero peryflnPa .bu.ro raKa Pa3nPea€reHrero Ha xyaoxHyqrTe-npoekTaHTx B nporirulneHocrra H yqacrBa B nnaH'4PaHero Ha rrxHara

Ta€Ba eAxHHa opraHu3aqvoHHa crpyKrypa Ha xyaoxecrBeHoTo nPoeKTnPaHe norBonrBa onepaThsHo Aa 6!4ar P€uraBaHx KoH-

nneKcH,1, coqhanHo rHa,rrMla npo6neMh,

qHeTo Ha'roBeKa

o6utecTBoTo. f]oKa]a-

xoxe aa ce cBAaa€ uHeHro B ycnoBurra Ha coq14ulucrHqecKoTo 06qeMHoro6poiHx ca nphHepure ra sropara QopHa Ha 63nonrsaHe Ha ar3aiHa

pa3nr.r-

Hq AtprtaBHx BeaorcrBa la pa3pa6orBaHe Ha rHa'lnTenHH nPoe(T6 ,1 peuaBaHe Ha

cnoxHD KoHnneKcH6 npo6n€Hn, r3rcxsautx oTqtlaHe Ha pasnu,rHri OaKTop, H clrnacysaHe pa6orara fa cneqnanxlxpaHu HayeHo,l3cneAoBarencl(n h KoHcTPyKropcKl, opraHr3aqx . Ho nlpBo Hrxonxo AyHr 3a roBa, B ka(ao ce c-bcroH o6exrrBHara qenecro-

6palHocr Ha noAo68o xrnon3aa8e. KaKro e rssecrHo, B"coxa e+eKrxssocr Ha nPon3BoacTBoTo ce ocrryPrBa, ocseH apyroro. or aerorara orpacnosa cneqraanr,r3aqu, KaKro B o6nacrra Ha rexHonornr- u B o6nacrra Ha HayqHxre l43cneaBaTa, TaKa H6i r,r xoHcrpyr(TopcK14Te pa3pa6or(x, Ho (aTo Pe3ynTaT oT Taxaaa cneq,ranHraqli, ce cL3AaBar, Karo npaBxno, caHo +parMeHflr Ha nP€arl€rHara €Peaa, Koero Boar4 ao o6eKrxsFrta npor,lBopeqD, c qrnocrHara, yHnB€pca,rHa

oop a

Ha HerisoTo ,3non3Ba-

npv re3H ycnoBx, Br3HuKBa npo6neMrr aa 6LAe ocnrypeHo cBAasaHero Ha (byHKqroHanHo crrnacyaaB x xaPMoHhgeH nPeaMeTeH CA,T. HrKOri TPr6Ba TBOPqeCK6 Aa par.neaa BcxqKx acnexTu kaTo qrno, aa ce onura aa HaHePn ParyMHx, KoHnPoMxc h aa

u3xax€ cBo0Te clo6paxeHri, npx roBa,

(oe1o e tlHoro saxHo, s 3Prha {opr4a,

npeA peuraBaut,r, Al,pxaBeH opraH. TaKbB cneqnanncr, cnopea HeH, € aHsaiHeprr. HrHa Aa cnoheHaBai npeA Ta3n ayanroPD' HHoroqHCneHxTe, y3BecTHh Ha sc,rqKr4, nP"xePH 3a ycneuHo PeuaBaHe Ha sHaqhrenHl,1 KoinnekcHn npo6nel,l,l or an3aiHepr,

crBrrecrHo c Apy cneq,1aflhcI14, Ho ircnr, ee 3a Bac nPeacTaBnrBa l,HTePec Haurl,lnT oflrr, c xoiTo cre 3ano3Harn no- anKo, raroBa ure MnbcrPyPaH rasx reHac nPrMep ', pa6orara Ha BHl4l4TE. ,a Ar3aiHta s HauJala crpaHa npeAclaBniBa xoopAxHxpaHa A€iHocr Ha pa3r,r'rHr cneqyanHCrn (Au3ariHepu, apxnrexrr, xyAox-

8rrq9, hHxeHePh, nclxon03n, coqr{ojr03u,

uKoHoryrcrv). o6eAxHeBu B pahxMre Ha eaHa.ucreMa BHtlrlTE, u clrp/AHu'reuly c aPyr, oPraHHraqyu B nPoqeca Ha ,3nrnHeSre Ha cnoxB!4 nPoexTn n l(oHnrexcHM nporPallr. oco6eko Heo6xoar o HH ce crpyBa cLTpyAHrqecrBoro Ha a,rraiHeprre c:Jc cn€qxann3nPaHure aPxrreKTyPse ,i xyaoxecraeH, opraHr3aqxn, Thi Karo re HenocpeacrBeHo yqacTsyBaT B c-bsAa6aHeTo NP€AHETHATA €PEAA.

y Hac ce l1sBlpuBar iHa'{krenHu KoinneKcHu Pa6oT,1 B ABe HanPasnesrr: xaPMoHr,l3l4paHe

Ha npoayKllr4rra

oTAenHo B3eT oTpacrn Ha npoxnlrneHocTTa, clo6pareHo c noTpe6neHreTo Ha Ta3n

nPoayxq,r, s Ko nn€Kc c ap/rk npeaHerr,

o6pa3yBautfi npeAHeTHa cpeAa

qoBeLirKa

xaPHoHhrxpaHe Ha npoayr(ll4rra 8a

Pa3n,lqHx oTpacnu Ha npoMxunesocTTa, nPo,!3Bexaaulx npoayKqkr 3a l(oHKpeTHa {yrxqraoxanna cnyx6a. ToBa ce nocrlra qpe3 paipa6oTaaHe Ha npoeKT,! Ha raKlBa

nxrra Kb

orpaHuqeH

o6ocHosaH 6po,

(oxnne'(Tx (Kopnyc,l, opraHu

q nHAhkaqnr, naHen6 l, r.H.),

ynpaBneHne

xorro Aa 6rAar yxu$rqupaxu14 yhxBepcanHu Ao ronrHa cTeneH x aa MoraT aa 6raaT Kor46rHxpaHu B seo6xoArHrre sxAoae r3Aen[r. ly'(oHoMxqeckara nonla or roBa e ore-

BnaHa: clKparqaBa ce HoHeHKnaTypaTa Ha Bt3nUTe X AeTainrTe, npoq€crT Ha npoeKTrPaHe u npoxrBoacTBo Ha ,llaenhrra cTaaa no-hKoHofluqeH, norBrBa ce at3 oxHocT 3a ,3non3aaHe Ha 06utH TexflonorxqecKu npoqech h r,H, EAxscrBoro Ha eproHo rvecxr-

cnyx6x, a ctuo raka x 'rpe pa3pa6orBaHe Ha npoeKTa, ha AlpxaaHx craHAaprn, Pa3"

Te x Koxno3rqxofiHn nprHqxnr, eanHHaTa

6hpa ce. np!1 ToBa Hl'e

crehl,, no3Bonraar Ha norpe6rren, aa non3Ba yPeaxTe (or4nn€KcHo, aa xoMflneKTyBa oT Trx, HanprHep, u3cneaoaaTencKrl

urpoxo r4rnon3Baile B!3rlO)xHOCTITe, l(Ol,tTO Hn npeAocTaai flnaHOBaTa CTOnaHCKa Cfi CTeha. Pa6orara ra or4enxo pa3TnexaaH orpacrn pa krTe Ha KorlnnexceH npoeKl, Kor;To 3a Hac e nPeau BcxlrKo MeToa, noano[araul! B onpeaeneHo olHoureHre, yflpaBneHneTo Ha orpacnoBara AeiHocr. Cpep qenure, peanuauPaHl,l c noMoqTa Ha rorh MeToa, eHTpanHo MrcTo saeMa ct3aaBaHeTo Ha xapl.1oHuqHa nPeaHerHa cPeaa, T.e., qen, .(orTo 06,1kHooctSSaaa oT oTAenHo BleTa KoHl(PeTHa nponsBoacrseHa cycreMa. KoraHa nPofirurneHocTTa ce H3BrpuBa B

nnexcHyrT nPoexT npeanonara crcTeHHo oT n03xtlr4xre ,t ctc cpeacrBaTa PeLlaBaHe Ha a(3aiHa Ha TaKHBa Brnpocrr, kaTo +ophl,lpaHe Ha onrHHaJreH acoprr,rlieHl Ha

nPoayxqIrra, orerrau]o parH006pa3sr,ie norpe6Hocrr }l (Ceph Ha rrnonrBaHero.i, (aTo a3aIHHtlle BprsKH Ha t3aenlrrTa B

HoneHxflaryDHo.

Syrxqroxanro. xoxcrpyx-

Tr,rBHO, TeXHOnOrl.l|eCKO, eCTeTrq€(KO, yt(O, HOrHqecKo oTHotUeHue.

Haurrr rrcrraryr,

Han pn

rrep, pa3pa6orBa

3a BcectlolHoro o6eanHeHl,1e,,coloreneKrPonPl,l6oP", aPoH3Bexaaulo ocHoBHoro KonrgecrBo eneKTPo"lepBaYenHa TexHxKa y Hac, B ToBa o6eaHHeHre Bnn3ar oxono 40 nPeanPrrrr.rr, HayqHo-

xoinnexces npoeKr

r,r3cr'reaoBarencK{ xHcTlrryrr,l 14 KoHcrPyKTOpCKv 6}oPa 3a qnnaTa cTPaHa. flrraireprre, ctanecrHo c HHxeHepflre x r{oHcTpyxTopnTe Ha o6eanHeHreTo, ce cTp€Hrr Aa nprBeAar qrnoro Horoo6pasre or xoHcTPyKTr4BHx Brrn, ,1 Aerainn Ha x3ae-

MoaynHo-pa3MepHa

qBerEo-rpa+nvHa

x3-

na6oparop1414 u r.n. I'lpr HHAxBr4AyanHara Pa3pa6oTka Ha BceK4 ypea nooTAeIHo, KoHnnekTyBaHeTo Ha TaKxBa na6opaTopx14, (al{-

ro e

ll3BecTHo, e kpaiHo 3aTpyaseHo h He EoA, Ao nuiHoqeHeH nerynTaT, Paspa6orxxre or ro3n BnA He ae orpaHnqaBaT carro c npoayKql,lrra Ha npeanphnTIr-

Ia. Kl crT

o6eKThTe Ha npoekr{paHe ce oTHanPox3BoacTB€HaTa cpeaa Ha npeAnp(f,-

Trtta, rpa+HeHrnr e3rx

Ha AeiHocraa

cPeAc1aaTa, ctnpoBolx(Aaqh npoAyxqxrra

(onaxoBxa,

pexnaia, aor(yreHTaqxr,

rr3aa-

h{i x np.), pa6orHoro o6fiekno y r.H. npe ToBa cTaBa Ay a Aa He 6tAar oraenenu

Hrxonl(o 06pa.rqoBl,t,,,npecTrxHk" npeA-

nplliTllr, a

3a ToBa, B-bB BCnVr(h 3aBOA[ OT

oTpacrna 4a 6rAar cr3AaAeHx ycnoBr, ta TPyA, KO|4TO Aa nPeAnrBrKBaT gyaCTBO Ha ropaocT y Pa6oTrr4qrrle, aa fiH aocTaBnl MoPanHo yaoBnerBopexrae. [lpeanoxer.roro

or ArraiHeprre

l(o14nnexcHo peuJeHl,le

npo6nefia BoA, He caHo Ao opraHfiirpaHe,t onTrHr,l3rpaHe Ha a.opTr4MeHla Ha npoayK-

Hrre TePuioPur,r crc cPeacrBara

Ha nPoMsurneHaTa ecTeTuKa. Patpa6orsar.rero xa xor-

nneKceH nPoeKT 8e e eaHoKpaTHo xeponPxrrxer a nocTorHHa qeneHaco,reHa aeiHocT Ha oTpacrna, Xapaxrepxo e, ve qrnara Ta3r AeiHocr ce hrBlpr.uBa or BHrlhTE no xHl,lqxaTrlBa l,l 3a4aHre Ha 11xHr4cTepcTBoToi Koero plKoaoAk ToBe o6e,qMHeHl,e.

Pa;pa6oraanero Ha (o|rnneKceH xyaoxecTBeHO-TeXHn'{ecKl' npoeKT Ha cnyx6a srHUJHO APrnUqa Ba TOBa Ha KOHnTeKCeH npoexT 3a o.raenHo BleT o1pacln or flpotlxulneHOCTTa, Xe Ce pa3nr'{aBa oT Hero no cBonTa aLU.lHocT: chcTe aTa

oT flpealleTn ce {3-

rPaxaa He Ha nPxHqrna Ha npo[3aoacrBoTo nr{ oT oTAereH oTPacrn, a Ha npHHttxna Ha TrxHoro norpe6neHne or on peAeneHa OyHXqroHanHa cnyx6a. B xau.:ur r,rxcrraryr, ranP,lHep, ce pa3pa6oTBa HoieHKflaTypaTa Ha nPoThaonoxaPHx croPlx€Hrr. B!3 ocHoaa Ha +yHKqroHaneH aflirnr,3 Ha onepaqxHTe, cBtP3aHX c raceH€To Ha noxapx. Tyx He e Heo6xoAr,!ho oco6eHo pa38oo6pa3re, TnaBHoro e cLoprxeHrrra Aa pa6oTrT HaAexAHo, Aa 6!AaT yAo6HM ,a ,snonrBaHe ,r peHTa-

6v,n$, npu npofiisoAcrBoro. BaxHo e Aa 6r,qe floe,repmHa cepuo3Hara r.rayvna o6ocHoBaHocr Ha noAo6H,! pa3pa6orKr. TsxHoro HanPaBneHxe ce x36rPa He no (HTyrqh, x

He or l(oHroHXT/pHn cro6paxeHnr, a B 3aBhc,lf1ocr or peanhlnre norpe6Ho(T( Ha o6qecrBoro, BrB BcngKn rerr parpa6orxr ce

oTAeni toflrMo BHllr'raHhe

Ha acopTr4MeHTa

trptBa Hl' cer '{e acopTHHeHrHara nonr_ Trxa e eAHa or oxern o6nacrx, B kohro

npxnoxeHr€To na 4x3aiHa Ha ulhpoxa A!p-

xaBHa ocHoBa e oco6€Ho eoeffixa8o. Harc-

rrHa ryK HanrnHo xoxe ga 6r4e parxpura xytlaHHaTa

opxeHTaqff Ha 4u3aiHa, Tli xaro Ha acoprrrl€HTa nfiqHrire

B npo6nehkre

qrrra (s,iecyo nponiBexaaHure 1300 ypeAa B-b3r.roxHo Aa ce npeMuHe Ktll npox3Bo4crBo Ha 500 ypeAa crc 3ana3BaHe

,HTepecy Ha rroBe(a n o6ulecTseHaTa qeneclo6PaiHocT Ha npoayxTa ca $ariHocBrp-

clu.lxre +yHKqHn), 8o r.1 ao crqecrBeHo noAo6peH,!e Ha pa6orara Ha qenx, orpacln, Ao saArn6oqaBaHe Ha caeqranx3aqrr1a Ha

,,norp€6xrencxoro 06qecrBo" ce Brxaa or cn€AHrre nPr ePH. B naP(x, B araskHa ,,Oren aho Brn", Ha nrc6xrenure ce npeana-

ce oxasBa Ha

fl POrl3BoAcTBoTo, AO

Crqe€rBeHo noao6pe-

HHe Ha TPyAoBrre ycfloEr.lr, ao Ha anrBaHe 3arrPcrBaHeTo Ha oKonHaTa cpeaa, 6naroaaPeHXe Ha ycrBrPuJeNcrByBaHeTo Ha TexHonorurra ,! npeo6pasyBaHeiro Ha npoxxurne-

flo xaxra

a6cyp4 crxra crcre ara

rar 236 pa3rvqHl,l HoAena qyKoue. B noHAoH ce npoAaBar 220 pa3n"qHx Hoaena 611108r

xarxrroQoxu. B Arcrepaai

500

pa3-

- nPo+ennqHn rloaena 6110Bx reneBl,r3opu. cop llanacex e npecrerHan, ,r€ B CAU.I B

paurvxu noaeCarrn 3a ce6e c,i re3rl aeu.lr4 ca 6ely€nosHo none3Hr, Ho rrxHoro la306rnve HoHeHra ce npoaaBar 21336

e 6esc ncneHo. To noBxu.raBa

croiHocrra

npoayxqrrla, soa, ao Pa3ToqurencrBo Ha pa6orHa crna, 3arpyaHrBa norpe6xren, np,1

r36opa Ha Heo6xoarlr{,!, y npeaier, A KonKo clBlPLr]exo 6elnonerHlr Beu{r ce npon3BexAaT? HeorAaera a

ePHKaHcxoro

cnrcaH,,e ,,r'lonynrPHa xexaHrKa" 6etUe ny6nr(ysaHa nopeAHara p€Knara Ha noao6Ho

Mtaenre

nair".

naHnaTa-cBeTKaBxqa,,ap14H(Ha roBa H3o6pereHne ce Crlrcrnrr

o6tcHraa a reKcra: ,,Koraro BauJara qauJa e npa38a x ,rckaTe aa nPHBne9eTe BHktlaHxeTo Ha aor,aKxsa, AocrarlqHo e aa nphl(penxre KrM (Pa,

Ha 9aL!aTa. 6necHa-

"apnHk-naiT" nara cEernxHa 6!p3o ute c,rrHanu3vpa

Bauero xenaHHe". Tyx xomexraptr e rrnu"

Karo pesynrar scrxa rpyna or HacereHHero

qe nonyq,

run

o6saBexaaHe, Koiro Hai-fl'LnHo orroBaP, Ha HenHur€ 0yHKquoBanHH l,l ecTeTrgecl(v l,rsr.rcKBaHxr. TaxoBa norPe6rTent, TLi PeureHxe e {aro florsonrBa aa ce nPox3Bexaa eBTvHr u BHcoKoKaqecrBeHa nPoayxqHr. Oco6ero efexrnaro cpeacrBo 3a peanxsrPaHe Ha rl}ic(aasnrra Ha nPoHHLUneHare ecTeTrxa e arpxasHara craHAaPTx3aqni.

oH3r

norsonsea. noHe B Hau,rHTe ycnos,rr, aa ce xaPior.r,lrMPa nPoayKqnrra Ha parnrcHx oTPacn( a nPoHlrurneHocTTa. BH14hTE parpa6orh npxHrtxnHo HoB rrn ArpxaBeH craHAapr 3a xyxHeHcKo o63asexaaHe, Koifo nPeaonPeaent Tpe6l!rencKrl cBolicrBa Ha BclqKl,l ctcraBHn eneHeHrH, clarPxa ra6aPHrHHre Pa3HePv la gceKn Bna o63aBexaaBe n ocHoBHhre rl]llcKBaHvr, oco6eso BaxH,r ra noTpe6xTe-

Ha t1Horo Hecra Beqe e oc!3Har npo6ne a ia 6ercHx.neHoro pa3To'rHTencrBo, npea638hKaSO OT aCOpTXMeHTa Ha eAHOTTnNM

nr. Cransaprtr,6er sa orpaHxqasa HHrqvarnBara Ha an3a;Hepure, pa6oreurH B parnlqHn orpacn, Ha nPotlt uneHoc1Ta, n Br3-

Toaa e CnopeA Hac, acoprHHeHTlT - 06exT, ll1ntlqeH xo nneKceS v cr4clel,eS a lreroBaTa onTn anHocT- xaliecTao, oTpa-

crByaaHe, ocxryPrBa xaPMoHxYHocrra Ha xyxHeHcKffi aHcaH6!n He3aB14cl.lHo or roBa, xlae ce aPor3BexaaT HeroBlTe (oHnoHeHih. OcHoBaHrre Na fioAynHa crcTeila ener{eH Ha 060pyABaHero orar aa ce MoHrrPar B Pa3rucHn saPxaHrv. norPe6rrenrr Moxe aa KynM eBrxHo {yxHeHcxo o6raBexaaHe,4a r36ePe xornnefia x aeKoParr{3HoTo ,3nlnHeHue, KaTo ce P5(o8oA' oT BKIca cu e pa3iepxTe Ha KyxHeHcxoTo noHelqeHre. TaKvBa ca BHHoxHocrHr€ Ha an3aiHa no nrTr Ha KotlnneKcHoTo oopHrPaHe Ha nPea-

3rEaulo creneHra Ha crrnacyBaHocT x xaPioHHqHo eanHcTBo Ha MHoro cTPaHr sa co_

qranHo-npor3soacrseHlrt xxsor Ha 06ute' crBoTo: xKoHo nxa, opraHx3aqffi Ha nPor3BOAcTBoTo, TeXlrOnorvr, noTPe6HocTr, xynryPH14 qeHHocrr. Pa3nPeaeneHve Ha PecyP-

cnre Ha clpaHara n

acoplr

T.8-

(oHqenqHira, cnop€a r(orro eHTrr Ha r3AenHrra rpi6sa Aa 6r.qe

Bl3 ocHosa

PasyHHo orPaHxliaBaH, t1 B clu]oro BPerre AocrartqHo Pa3Hoo6Pa3ex, BHhhTE parpa-

6orBa Ha Hay,rHa ocHoBa onrrHanHri acoprrreHr Ha ra3oB.4re ypear. llpa roaa ce orqHrar norpe6Hocrxre Ha pa3nrqHure KaTeroP,114 HaceneHxe, ycuoBxrTa !a h3non3BaHe Ha h3aenxrTa, xnuHaTxqHrTe 3oHxi reorpa{cxoro pa:nonoxeHne Ha npeanprrrrlrra x eH€PrH;HrTe !3To9Hr1r.tu, a clqo TaKa arpxashhre nnaNoBe 3a aa36(bl'xaqrf, H ene(rPx{h(aqv, Ha crPaHala. o$oprr ce Aocra e+eKryBHo peueHhe Ha npo6ner4a.

AcoprrxeHTlr Ha

m3osrre ypeA}l

e ocHoBaH

yHr+rq'apaHx 6arosx +yHKrlyoHanH,l enearPeraT'rPaHero

rvnoBI yPea( c Pa3nrqso

nPeaHa3Ha'{eHre.

HO)l(HOCTI4Te

TeXHUqeCKO yctBtPUJeS-

,lcKaMe Aa o6lpHeM BHHhaHHe Ha roBa, hKCrlA, Ka(ro H, c€ crpyBa, He npo,B,sa Beo6xoAl4iara al(TraHo€T n pH H3non3saHe ,re

HA HE)I(AYHAPOAHATA CTAHAAPTU3AqH'

KATO

atPxaBHrre oPraHrraqf? .=r- xoHcynraq,lll H nPora-a-a: Aaaeqr ra aesaiHa

naevre Ha 4nraitHa. Tnnx'rei rPi-eo J-' ra3x Oop a e noHAoHcKxrr AnraiH"qerftp. '{erTo aeiHocT e H€ caHo tUhPoxo r.13aecrtsa. HO t1 CTaHa MOAen 3a HHOrO aHanorxcnr yqpexaeNHr, BLrHn(Hanx no qenv, cBrr B seroBxre {ynxurr enura npeau Bor!r(o PasnPo$PaHeNvero Ha xaexre Ha au3aiNa, BbrnrTaHxeTo Ha noTPe6rTencKH, BKyc

npoAykqx, Ha crpaHara. l-leHrlplr o(a3Ba HenpexlcHaT HaTro( BtPxy nPo }lurnefocTTa. urxcxBa;xv nosuuJaBaHe Ka'lecrBoro

npxrrro Hu e aa B, cto6urr, qe B Fai6rxrKo Bpehe BHrlhTE ure o1Kp6e s qeHr!pa Ba MocxBa Haulr, np],B AxiaiH-qeHrlp. hNrepeceH npxM€p 3a npnnaraFre Ha an3aiHa c KoHcy,llaHTc(a qen e

l,, AeiHocrra Ha ascrpnick6Te AlpxaBHu opraHl1raqhx, xorr-

To KaHiT Ar43aiHep'l npl,l

x3Pa6orBaHe

rexHr're€Kl, laaasv, 3a o6sasexaaH€

Ha Ha

yqrlnruta, 6onHhqr o6ule.raeNh 34aHr, r.H. BaxHa noApo6Hocr e, ee AriaiH€pu'a xonTo B3rhaT y'{acl6e B ctcTa6rHeTo Ha Te, rexBxeecKure ycnoB'1i, He yqacrByBar B cBAaBaHeTo Ha cloPlxeHrrTa, Ho Pa3rnex-

or pa3nl,tqHr +rpHn nPenoPrqaaT Hai-ao6prfl BaPxaHr. no ce ocuryprBa u 6€3npncrpacrHocrra Ha xoHcynTaqniTa. Lleneclo6PalHocTTa Ha noAo6Ha HaHeca ce norsLpxAaBa or +aKra, qe aI70 ao 707o o-t c-toriHocrra Ha o6raBexaaHero Ha o6qecTBeit6 3aaHx, BrB acu'rK}1 crPaHu ce 3annaura or ArPxaBara, a 3a He,

aar

no€TlnBaul,lTe

npe4noxearr

e 6$pa3nrqHo aokon(o e+etfir8Ho

xouteH crn yn ra parBrrxe Ha ah3aiHa r 3a ulnpoKo r4Snon3BaHe Ha HeToBrTe nocTt4xeHffi a npaKrxkara. hKCl,lA He e ycraHoa'an aenoBs (oHraxrn c raKa6a HexayHaPoaHa opraHxraqnn xaro MEK. B npnHep oxe aa cnyx.4 l'lexayHapoaHara

113parxoABar cpeAcrBara n-

cb34aaeH cnequaneH KoHrreT no epToNorrxr, 14 HaKpan, 3a rperara +opMa Ha Hrnon3BaNe

BHVNTE,

eproHo n'{ec(a acoq(aqhr, no s(iTo nBuqraTuBa HeoTAaaHa 3 MexaytsaPoaHaTa opraHrsaqx, no craHAaprr3aqn, (hCO) 6eue

norpe6ur€ncxara B3xcKarenHocr Klrl acoPruHeHTa I kaqecrBoro Ha npoMxurneHara

KIM ra3la +opHa .a n.,nonrEaFe Fa anravra B AlpxaBeH aura6 ce Ao6nrxaBa pa6orara Ha axlaiHeprre no e(cnepT(3a1a Ha norpe6xrencxxre cBollcrBa Ha ulAenxrra, arecrn-

paHl1 crc 3HaKa Bnpo.reH, B NauaTa cTPaHa oPlanrTa Ha TPyaa n ,13aenxrTa ra 6rTa Ne MoraT aa nonyqaT 3HaKa la KaqecTBo 6er nonoxurenHara oqeHKa Ha

Hauurr sapoa ce

Har.4pa B Haseeepuero

A//4.SArIH\T 1/I ETAEIqETO HA OEKPbXABAIqATA CPEAA yAk f'l

AHeuJHara Kpxrr,rqBa

chryaum

3ao6uKanrqara cpeAa. B KaKBo roqHo ce clclor 3eaarrara Ha ax3ariHepa? KaKBa e HeroBaTa Poni, aKo Toi l,1l.la Ta(aaa, s rur.{PoKH, o6xBar

or aeisocr, Koxro rPs6-

aa 6raar nPeanPnerH Ha HaquoHanHo u nexayHaPoaHo PaEHHUTe? Ka.( ure ce crrnacyBa Ta3h Pon, c Pa6oTaTa, KorTo Tori e Ba

cBhKH;t t aa rr3BtPurBa a KanxTanxcTl4qecKuTe

x ut€ ncKa nn roi Aa ce orkaxe or crpe exa klH neqan6t, (oeTo B crpaHHl Moxe nH,

KPaiHa CMerka e TnaBfia nPrql,l8a 3a anoluaaaseTo Ha oKonHaTa cPeaa? Ka3aHo 8aKPaTKO, rroxe nu HeroBaTa Pa6oTa aa ce npofrop ynHpa B xoHreKcra Ha AHeuJHff

anen 3a no-ronrHa oTroBoPHocr or crPaHa Ha sceKx qreH Ha 06qecTBoTo x],M sr'nPoca 3a ona3BaHe Ha qoBeqecTaoTo, ceprotSo

r,lra,,, 'ranaoH^Ao -

Ha cb6u, ne XXV l(oHrpec

n€ropneecKa

KnCC, Koriro ute yrBlpA,l

flnaH la Pa3BMarPeKrrBrlTe !:r Tue Ha HapoaHoro cronaHcrBo sa CCCP:a 1976-1980 r. Hoeara nerranerxa ute 6tAe,

reHePanHurT cel<PeTaP Ha Kncc SpexHeB, nerrn€rxa Ha kaLrecrBoYo. B peuaBaHero Ha ralx ,aaaqa ronrHa Pon, qe M3,raPae xyAoxecrB€HoYo npoeKTupaHe. xyaoxHkq,!Te-npoeKTaHT14 B HaLlara cTPaHa ca k3nrnHeHx c PeulhTenNocT aa HanPaBrl Bcuqxo, (oeTo rasrcl1 oT Taxi ra aa oflPasaarT Tosa aoBePue, npoiHllJneHara ecrerrl<a B Haurara crpaAp.

n.h.

yqacT',e Brs +opll'i-

3acTPaMHO ASeC? lJ.le ce onxrai, axo He aa AaM orroBop Ha BCx'1xh Te3l, BrnPocx. ro noHe aa nPeanoxa

62:r.05

HTKOnKO CtBCei OTKtCne9H,l Pa3CtXAeHhr, KOl,lTO 6UXa t,Or,lI Aa Ce OXaXaT none38!. 406p€ ,3BecreH rx e +axr}r, qe B HnHafloro

aluises o6ure.rBoro He ce nPreraxa PaayurHo oT Trx n re HanPaBnxa 6cncxo Pa3l.l,lUrnesrrTa BrPxy PonrTa Ha

Pxre

Bt3rlO)(HO 3a 3ana3Ba8e 8a TtXHaTa HeOOpogHocT oT BCTKaKBx TeoPeTuvHl, HanaaKv, oa(rnqecxx, ax3aiHeplrre or 1930 roanHa xacah, aoPl, npll HaPacTBaqoTo nP,,38aaaHe

Ba TrxHaTa npooecxr. ce oTHacrT 'lecTo n!rl, c nPeHe6Pex€8he K!i1 BcHqKu coq,1anHH, non,rruq€cx14 14 KynryPHn BlnPo-

BrB BceK Cny,rai cera ce HaflaTa npoMtHa noaxoaa. BnouraBaHeTo Ha 06KplxaBaqa-

Ta cPeaa 3aatnxaBa

Au3afiH€PHTe

laYucrrT ceP,ro3Ho BrPxy cBorTa aeiHocT. C gpyru qynu, He3aBxcnMo aar,! rli ce HpaB,1 unx He, re ca anlxHr, aa Pa36ePaT qrnaTa cePuorHocT Ha crBPerleHxl,lTe co-

PaHero Ha KoMyHncTl,,r.ecKx ycfloBfi, Ha rpyAa, 6A1a u orAkxa Ha xopaTa. 6 pa3BuTxeTo

!a pa3Bhrre Ha exAyHaPoaNoTo crrPyaHu-

sr3nnTaHl,lero Ha xaP11oHrqNo PatBrTx

crBPexeHHoTo HaManrBaHe 8a sanPexeNOero Ha MexAyHapoAHara o6craHoB(a. Aoxy' eTan Ha CbBeulaHreYo 3a 6erona(Hocr r4 clrPyaHxeecTso B EBpona Hla nprjoBasar xlx roBata orKprl-

xoPa, Ha TixHoTo orHoueHre KIM npeaHerHr, cBrT, (!r raTeplanHrTe, KynTypH, { ecTetnqeckl, qeHHocTl4, Onrartr ra Haluara crpaHa , Apyrnre coqkanHcTu9ecKt1 cTpaHn no3BonrBa aa

qecrBo Ha Arsariseprre ce clraaBar or

BaT HoBrl Br3r10)KHOCTr,l,

Ycranosreaixr

ece

TBTpAMH, .re Ar3ariHrr Moxe 3HagrrenHo no6!p3o Aa ce pa3Brsa n no-e(bexr,isfo aa ce !3non3Bai oTr(oIKoTO TOBa CTaBa B peatqa

no-rrcHo crrpyAHl,9ecrBo, anlaiHephre or BCUqKX CTPaHU Ca A,lt)i<Hl4 Aa €e Ha€OqaT Kb sHarrriTenHuTe npo6neH,r 14 aa aonpnFecar ,a rrxroTo PeuaBade. qPe3 craei-

crxHyFrpa AeiHocrra B roBa HanpaBneFqe. ly'r(nrc,rhrenHo 6nrronpflrrHtr ycnoBts,

nP€a eTeH cBrT, a rHero qoBeKa h o6urefiaoro,

crpaH,r. CrpyBa Hx ce,,re o6clxaaHero fa Te3x npo6neMy Ha Haurla, r(oHrpec u{e

3a OoPHr.lpaHe Ha xap oHnqeB Ha xHTePecyTe Ha

qxanHu,

nonl.TuqecK

KynTypHx opo6ne-

ynorpe6rBaHe rept,lxHa,,AeBcrBeHa npxpo-

l,HaI nPrKa Bp}rKa c HacTo,lqero n 6rAeutero Ha rrxHara aeiHocr. Karo arr,a;HepH Te He iloraT Aa ocraHar paBHo-

Aa"? Moxe

cTeneHTa Ha BnouJaBaHe Ha ca xopara, xorro, no earH nnx aPyr Haql,H, ca B3enl| yqacTre a npoqeca Ha clsaaBaHe Ha HrAenr,r, Kpl'3aTa B 06kplxaBautaTa \roBeKa MaTepuirnHa cpeAa actu.lHocT e KPr!34 Ha chcTeiaTa oT npeaHern. Ka3aHo APyrorqe, ToBa e KPv3a Ha MareP,lanHara xynTyPa, 9nero Bt3HnKBaHe 6€ noanoHorHalo or xannranll3xa. npei 1968 r. a epxKaHcKnrr cneqranrcr

6x npxpoAara npe3 BpeMe Ha c!3AaBaHero Ha ,,xorlo canreHc"? npxpoAara npe3 BpeMero

Kol,{To

ayruHr.r

xrM

o6xplxaBaqara cpeAa. Te

no,,TeopH,

cxcreMnre", Ax.X. Mnncl14,

ycraHosn qeTrpx

KaTeToPMr,r, KoeTo ce oKa3a

TBrpae nonesHo npx pasrnexaaHe Ha nPo. 6nerarre Ha o{onHara cpeAa: reocoepara, (orTo o6xBaqa nPnPoaHr4Te nPoqecx B v Ha BXnlo'{aa SenPeHeSEo xlr3HeHHTe npoqecln,

6kocoePala, Korro o6xsaqa

ecTecTBeHl,lTe xl,l3HeH]t nPoqecr, TexHoctFe-

npoqecrl, coqnocse-

paTa, TexHxqecKnT€

para

coqxanHrTe nPoqecH. TPr6Ba aa

- o6aq€, ,re npn3HaeH,

6x npHpoAara Ha naneo3oicKara ePa, t,lnv flo-c(oPo Ha erGoicKaTa ePa? A 3aqo He Ha qeHoloicxara epa. ,1nu doxe Ha AaoHlac { Xnoe? Bonrep Hr(ora € roaoPrn oT,HeTo Ha nPrPoaaTa:,,Mo€To ure e nPhPoaa, a3 qrnaTa crH rr:lKycTBeHa". B exonory,aecx[re Ae6arx np€3 nocneAHHTe HtXOnkO ro4rHl{ Ce TOBOPX AOCTa

'r€cTo ra,,aPeycTpoicrBo Ha np,1poaara", Ho xaxgo ro9xo or8agasa roBa? XenaHre 3a BPlutaHe KIH Hrxaxao nPeayurHo crcTorHXe Ha nPnPoaaTa, {o€To aEec 8r ulrnexAa no-Ao6po or Hacrorurerol hnr ntx xenaHXe Aa Ce nPeycTPoi nPxpoAaTa ttfla HoBx

r,e.

ocHoar"

qer, a -He

nePcnel(T,rBHa pekoHcTpyK-

perpocneKTkBHa? BrB BceK, cny,rai Bce oute Hh nPe,AcToM aa yToqHri c KollTo aa HanpaB,lt, npe'(P(repnrTe, nHanoro rnx qeHka 6t.qeqeTo cbcaanl4 rorHhe Ha nPrPoaaTa e no-4o6Po oT Ha-

no-cKopo r13r(ycrBeHa 0 Boar,1 ao 3a6nyxaeHue. Karo H3knrcgr|l reoc(bePara, xorro ce

3a rapxo,rcrure olroaop-br e oLreBraeH: npeycrPoricrEoro Ha nPrPoaara tloxe aa o3HaqaBa caio HeiHoro xyHaHl,l3r,rPaHe B no-

ornrqa6a

BncuJa cTeneH, Karo

seaenhHa

ra3" xnacl1tFvKaqH,

c aBToHor.rHocr, 6rocoePara e or rexxocsepara, Korro nrK e

corlrrocsePara. Ha koH0ePeHo6xprxaBauara cpeAa npe, 1972 r.,

HeaenuHa

qvrra 3a opraHrlapaHa

cnl,,ca8,1e .,Blnpoc( Ha dknocoo{rra". cbBercxtlrr yqeH f.O. t']xnHx nPeanoxl4 anrePHaTn6Ho r cxaaqaHe

,,6norexFoc$epara aa 06xBaqa eAHoBpe-

, HanPaaxtl xyrraHv3HpaHa npHpoaa,,{ePneHUJnrxre HaryP" B Hai-Br4coKa creneH. C apyrr.r ayrr, ceraruSaTa TeHAeHqffi Ha BnOUlaAaHe X ,,AeXyMaHfi-

6tae Bl3cnxpaHa caHo nocPeacrBor4 103,1 nPoqec Ha xyHaHlilr4paHe.,,xyt,lasIr3,r PaHala nPH Poaa", cnopea MapKc, e ,,x3xycrBeHa nPxPoaarr

ruPaH€" Ha nPnPoaaTa Mox€ aa

t.e.

deBHo ecTecTBeHvae xr3HeHH nPoqech, T€x-

(,,xroNcrnxxe aaryp").

Hv'reckuTet,l coqvanHHTe flPoqecrrl 6xorexHocoepara e eaHa cncr€ a

qoB€L!Kr,r, TPya. Aa ce xyxaHurxPa nPrPoAara roBa orHarraBa, r, aa ce HanpaBI h3xycrBeHa, TaKa l,1apKc, creaBaiKh

BPr3xM, KorTo nPeoaonrBa cfaPl,1i ayanrs],f1

HexAy npxpoAHoro H no(Ph3aTa Ha o6KPF rope Hre cnohesaxie ra"3xycrseHoro. xaBautara qoBeKa cP€aa xaro xPr43a Ha npeaHer$Te, koltio c}3aaBat HaLlaYa arepxanHa {ynrypa. lYoxe 6x rpr6Ba aa nphet-lxnHn

r1€x cxBaulaHeTo Ha 11 aa roBoPx la kpr,13a s 6roTexHoc$ePaTa. Tosa rneanqe e aaxHo, Tti xa1o Hl, aaBa Bt3tloxHocr aa 060pvH ciaauraHero, Ha Koero A-bpxaT xoricePBaroPrr€ !a crurecrByBaHero Ha HrKaxBa nPrPoaa, He$rilPcesa oi TexHnxaTa, nPl1PoAa, Korro craBa xePrBa Ha rexHuKara. Ho KaKso rpr6Ba aa lnilahe npeaBra, xoraro

ieHeHa

npupoaa, npo-

TP AUqH'TA, YCTAHOBEHA OT EHNCAOK}N, Ennk/p la ny(peqxn, e npeacxa3an npeall noqT,r qrn sex vaerla 3a 6,roTexHoc+ePaTa ,r cllrto TaKa ,aerTa, qe xPr3aTa Ha 6140-

TexHocsepara He e ronKoBa nPo6nei

X]KYCTBEHO CT'AABAHE BA NPXPOAATA, KON-

Koro npo6flei Ha r3aecreH THn l,lsKycrBeHo nPeBPlqaHe Trn, qrrro rnaBHa qefi e

cnrnoro apecneaBaHe noco,rBaHero nPhqnHa

Ha neqan6rl,

KanrtafihJia xaro rrasHa

la roaa oTPnqaTenHo

cL3AaaaHe Ha npuPoaaTa

,t3K/crBeHo

o6aqe He H, aaBa

nPaso aa 3a6paBrHe, qe Kpx3aTa seqe

HaAxBrPnnna nrPsoHaqanHxTe cl1 rpaHrqx. ce e npeBlpHana B rno6anHa, Karo 3acrra qrnaTa nnaHeTa Kpn3a, (orTo He e nouta- cTPaHa, HelaBrcxrlo oT a,rna HuTo €aHa NeiHaTa coqxanHo-r,rKoHoHu gecxa cTpyKTypa- ToEa cepqosHo nonoxeHye rpr6Ba Aa ce

parrnexAa cno(oiHo r,1 BHn arenHo, T.e. He B arHoc{epara Ha npeasaphrenHo noaroT6eHa xcTePrr, r(orTo xapaxreprlrpa eKo-

noT{9HaTa HOAa npe, nocneaHl,Te neT

xr,

roa{"

Hanocne4tx xtoro yqeHn ce orAasar Ha nocTorHHo HaPacTBaul neclMx3!M no

oTHOIlJeHne Ha HenocpeacTaeSara

rr6en

xxBoTa Ha HauraTa nnaHeTa, l4Ha r TaknBa, Koxro Hl, yBeprBar, qe B HHoTo 6nln3xo 6bAeure BcxvK, +opHy Ha xrBor qe npe" craHar Aa crutecrByBar, CnopeA Trx BnouaBaHeTo Ha o6KPbxaBaulaTa cPeaa e aocTrlrHano TaKl4Ba pa3Mepr, ve axo npoabnxaBa c Tolx PurbH, ute Pa3pyrun 6ro-reoxrllrgHr4Te ycnoBHr, H€o6xoAxr!x 3a norBrBaH€ro, pa3BtTIeTO H OqenrSaHeTO Ha BCIqa(l4 XrBl,l

opraSr3tlr,

nporHolll or ro3n BrlA o6HkHoBeHo ca 3noHailePeHh. Hapgga rH Taxa, sautoTo ie HaaxBrPnrT c1eneHTa Ha nPaBAonoao6Hocl, KOrTo cHe roToBy aa nPMnhllJetl Ha npeAcKa3aHrrTa, lz1 cruto raxa,3aqoTo re o6tpKBaT,!nPeACKa3BaHeTo Ha HenpoMeHfl

Ta" c

raocr-

,,rPaeKToPHoTo nPeacKa!BaHe eAHa {oPxyna or poAa Ha,,speMeTo yrpe qe 6rAe Kalo AHeurHoTo" n ,,AHeulxara TeHAeHql,' Ha nPOirHa u]e ocfaHe crulaTa yrpe". ToBa ca cna6xre roqK, Ha scnqKy nPorHo3M Ha Ta3r TeHa, aopx Te3x, nony9eHx c noHoutTa Ha ylqucfiu1.en{A rtlauJrHx 8a l'4lT crcrri AaiHeiuK rpyn.

OaxrrgecK,r haflKo BeporrHo e Aa Ao-

cTlrH€M ao TaxaBa c,,Tyaq(r npe3 cneasautxTe Hrl(onKo aeceTrneTur, aop, croneTy, B TOBa OTHOUeHke. 3a Aa Ce CTrrrHe, 6.a

rpr6Bano Aa cnpaT BcrqK, npoqec{ sa xnopoSunxa

$orocrxrea

paBHrutero

,3n€!e oT aoctlnHxTe {axru - rosa e HanlnHo HeBeporrHo aa (raHe. or aPyra crPaHa, He Hoxe aa ce TBrPAr, kaKTO npaBrT HrKor, '{e xrBoTrT He e sacTPaueH oT cerauiHoro HapyueH$e Ha 6fionorxqHoTo paBHoBec$e Ha flpypoAara. EAuHr.rrr BrrrneA soAu Ao Karacrpo+a, a AP'/rt^rl Ao r1yHarrl3th. Ka:aan nynarH- HacoqBaM rrH lau.lolo BHr4HaHheTo K}r' rsnen,laSeTata

KaTo ce

H'4€To, nPe KoeTo Ha6nloaaBare caHo nph'15

sraHo roBa, KoeTo IeicTBr4Ter]Ho

c1aaa

oKonoHacl,lcHac, CHrraM. .re u Aaere noAnexar Ha cLHHeHue, r!; (aTo oT easa cTPaHa, aKo e BipHo, qe Hay'{HnTe aaHH!r, c KoxTo pa3nonaraMe, He HI nO3BonrBaT Aa AoflycHeH ano(arnnTxqsh nPoPoqecTBa B 6nu!(o 6!aeqe, To Te AaHFlr H' CO9aT f,crro, '{e, ra aa x!6er8eH HeflOnpaBnMa KaTacTpo+a 3a '1oBeurKffi Poa B 6!aeqe TPn63a HaMcTrHa aa HanpaBrh Heqo KaTo npeycTpoiclBo Ha 6ro-TexHocOepara.

Ho,:a aa nacoqsaxe Hauala,aeiHocT

ToBa HanpaBneHre, Tpr6Ba Aa pa36eper,9e fipu eAMH nocneAeH aHanru Bcrql(y npo6ne' r1r,r, c (oMTo rpr6Ba aa ce cnpaBfi aH€ci ce ,3Pa3rBaT C e3tka Ha rontiaTa KoinaKTHocT, T.e. B yBenxqaBaHe Ha nPeHaceneHocrTa, Toaa ce orHac, kaKTo !a (annranxcrr4qecKr-

Te clPaHXt Ta(a

3a CoqtianrlcIuqecx(le,

HO C eAHa BaXHa Pa3nXl(a: AOKaTO

Kanr1anln-

crl4q€cKoro o6utecrBo He e B clcrorHxe Aa xoHlPOnrPa yBenr'{aBaHeTo Ha HaceneHocTTa 6e3 Aa Bnese B npoTrBopelrne clc caHara crl c!u.lHocT, coqfiarucTl,'recxoTo 06qecrBo e s c'r,cTorHne ca o aa ce caMoyKPen( THeHHO nOCPeACTaOT TO3l4 r{OHTpOn.

CtBceil ecrecrBeHo, Koraro roaoprx ra Ko naxTHocr, Hue ce ceqaMe 3a aPyro {oHnneRcHocTTa, Tr, cr{cTeHa o6rl(Hoe noagepTaHo Ko nfle(cHa cucrera, TOaa

kato BeHO

crnHo

(orTo ce noaql,l8tBa 8a 3aKoHlnle, koHTo

aHannraroprre HapH'"iar,,nporpecxBHa Oa(ToPr3aqrr". T.e. c14cTexa, qurTo npofi€HnrBx ce cTPeMrr r{rr\r Pa3HHoxaBaHe B xoH{nrkryBauta BtanHdaBrcr.trocr c Apyrkre nPo eHnrlBrr, lcno e, ,{e apryxeHT}T 3a KOHnneKCHOCTTa Ce r3non3yBa

B KantTanu-

crrqecxoro 06rqecrBo Karo cpeAcrBo

ArB€pchr. BcrulHocr korrnnexcHocrra

npo6neMMre eecro nlTt,l npexaneHo ce npeyBen!qaBai 3a aa H14 ce BHyLUh, qe Ne sacnyxaBa aoPx aa ce onrTaaie aa rl,l peurnM. Bce nax He 6uBa aa npaBrM HrBoA or roBa, qe BcrKa (oxnnexcHocr e qficra (baHTa3rr. Konnnexcxocrra, Ka(To Ka3axije, e peynrar or yB€nH'{aBaHero Ha HarPynBaHero. A yBenrqaBaHero Ha HaTPynBaHeTo, s Haul, aHx H HaLlr, BeK, e oaxr, Ko;ro Hxl(oi He 6xEa Aa npeHe6persa, Aa 3ao6h(anr, a oqe noH:rnl(o

aa oTPnqa.

Ha roBa Mrcro 6rxre x€nu, Aa ce 3aHrnaeH c PeaKqhoHHolo, l,lcKall aa xaxa nofin-

rl,|'recl(l,l PeaxqroHHoro,

crarPxahre

TeoP,lrft, noaarPxaHa oT H€oHanTyc"aHqrTe. TexHurT onhT aa (3onrpaT ,BneHreTo

xa Aexorpa+.K, Blpr4s or Apyrrre eAxaxBo aaxHM tBneHfir,3a aa xBrPnrT BrPxy Hero BrHaTa 3a oTPhqaTenHrTe nPorB( B o6qecrsoro n nPnPoaara e oaP€AeneHo rceH. C Ap\/tu Ayt1a, HexoHrponnpaHara paxaaetlocr Ha HaceneHuero e rnaBHyrr npo6neH,

oT xoiTo npor3xoxAaT Bcxq(x Apyry,3a ce ,!3non3yaa hSKa3BaHeTo Ha lvlaPKC,,,yaenl,lgexaTa PaxaaeilocT nPeacTaBniBa 8eu{o KaTo 06utecTseHo 6eacrere (. . .) Caroro crurecrsyBaHe Ha eoBeKa ce oxalBa ,|yKc", ToBa o6rcHrBa 3au]o l13Pa3rT,,koHTpOn Ha paxaaeEocTra", cnoPea HeoHanTycraHqrTe ce oTHac, t,lrKnloqrTen80 3a 'roBeuKaTa PaxaaeiocT. Te 3a6paBrT, 9e CePrO3xl4Te nPo6,lerrl Na KOHnaKTHocT, flPea xor,rTo cMe n3nPa6eHh aHec, He nPoHsrrrqar eaxHcrBeHo HapaclBaqara '{oBeLiJ(a Koina.(THoc1, a ctulo TaKa,|, ioxe 6h TnaBSo, oT Bce floTeSH TeOPelr!tll,r, KaTo

HaPacTBautaTa KoHnakTHocT Ha nPeaMefu oT BcrKaKrB Bria. nonxTrxara Ha ,(oHTPo" Ha 9OSeUlKara PaxaaexocT e no'{Tr4 HantnHo 6€3none3Ha, aKo B ctuloro Bpeite He ce BseHaT ApacTHqHn llepKn 3a 3a6aBrHe Ha Hacrorurero Pa3u11PrBaHe Ha csera Ha nPea-

r,errre (rn, io-ckopo, Ha cse1a Ha

6e!

eQeMHrMr,

npeaiel,lTe 3a nolPe6neHre).

llper nocne4ar,rre HrKorKo roA,rHr,i (3H4XHaxa HaBcrxlae 3aquTHfiql,l Ha ,.HoB Hoaen Ha Pa3BrT6e". AKo HanPaBrx cPaBHeHre clc cTaPrl, Hoaen Ha ParB,rTve, oTxPrBare callo eAHa HoaocT: aoKaTo nPeax ToBa ce npeanaraue u3l(nrcqrTenSo KoSrPon 8a Paxaaer4ocrfa, cera ce nPenoPreBa,,KoHrPon Ha noTPe6Hocrrre"- C aP/rl4 eyr.u, xopara BHar npeKaneHo MHoro norpe6Hocrg h rpr6Ba Aa ce npnHyArr Aa r ar no-HanKo. OTTyK Kan$ranr3tliy ce BprL{a K! nrpsoHaqanHaTa cu eTuxa * nPoTecTaHfckaTa. TpeurHo

e Aa

floTpe6Hocrr,r,

xEaMe npexareHo r8oro

Ter, o6a.re, Ha xouro

Hax-

HanPea ce npeanara,,l(oHrPon Ha paxaaeoeaKBan,

ca, xaxTo qoBex HahsHo 6x 60rarnre, a 6eAHnre. Tyx BxxAaMe

cnyqai Ha a6cypArio,

r.lr4HrleHo

u 6sorro-

BOPHO OTHOUJeHTIe Ha Te3X, r(Ol4TO

npono-

BrABar 6op6a cpeqy pa3roqnrencrBoro He Ha cahtTe pa3ToqnTenr, a Ha nuueHnTe, f.e. Ha caMuTe xepTBr4 ra ocKlAxqaTa, HeaocTr4ra, 6€AHocrra u rna4a. Bcllvxo ce noAnara Ha ctHHeHxe, KaKTo qosexa, TaKa I goBeLiJ-

AHTpononorurra B KopeHrre Ha HoB!1, Hoaen 8a pa3BxTne e crBcei HeaaycrrncneHa: Hyxar4Te 8a 9oBe(a HaHanrBaT, KonKoTo noBeqe

roi ce

o6oraTrBa

npeAryern.

Han snr.ro npornsononoxHa Ha KoHqenqnrra

Ha MaPxc aa qoBeKa, '{nnTo HyxAri cTaBaT

ace no-n3HcxaHH 6e3 HenpeEeHHo Aa

yserl,'1aaaT HeroBuTe npeaxeTx. B TeopfirTa Ha I'iapKc aa,,paArKarHnre HyxAri" e npeAcTaBeH qoBeKbT "B qrnolo 6oraTCTBo Ha H€roBoTo clulecTByBaHe, '{oBe(!T 6oTaT H Atr6oKo,{yBcrBnreneH Ha Bc,rvr{o".

OcraH(x or npAnt rulHue fiaHTMtTeT SCe OUle OTaT 4a Ce OTl(pkrT aHec B iaHtannTeTa, aorlrHr4Pau{ B xant-ranucT14eec(aTa KynTyPa. 6naroaapeHfie Ha cBr4KHanu aa l.l6c,ltll.l noaege 3a

IIPeAieT[Te, a He 3a HyxafiTe; cMrTat1e,

ee nPo6nehxTe, xor,lTo rpr6Ba Aa p€IUuH ce oTHacrT ao ocBeTrTeIHl,t Tena, xnaannHxqx, nepanHu HaurxHr,r. aBToH06rnln, r4aurnHu 3a HUeHe Ha CrAOBe, X3VhCnUTenHh daUJHHr. ce olHacrr Ao oaB€TneHrlei 3ana3BaH€ Ha xPasaTa, nPaHe, lnra(arayanHa ,1 (OnexrnBHa noaBnxHocT, t1r1e8e Ha ctao-

A Bctu]Hoct re

Be, rr'rycnrBaHe, B rno6anHara crparer[, Ha (oHTPon HauraTa nrPBa 3aAa'{a e aa ce ocBo6oAMtraor BcrRaKBa +opHa Ha oeTruH-

3rH Xrir flPea ell,lfe, xaTo cx

raaaaer4

BrnPoca, l<aK60 riai-ao6pe ute 3aaoBonh HaunTe Hyxar4,6e3 aa rneaahe Hara4 xrr,l TlnonorniTa Ha nPeAMeT,,r'e, yclaHoBeHa oT KanhTanr3 a xa l9-ryr eex. caxo raxa ure ycn€€M aa yrrPaarH earH cBrr or flpeaHerx, 6e3 Aa xepTBysa e :axoxrrare yrrcx-

BaHfi' Ha qoaeL!(t Te Hyxax, korlTo .e

C xaxgo noxe au3ariHeprr aa aonpnHece crparernrra Ha rno6aneB KoHlpon? npear aecer roanHr :r' cno eHax 3a Heo6xoan-

oT,,Ay3aiH Ha yBenfiqaBaHerorr xrtl,,Ah3aiH Ha KoHTpon", HaArBaM ce ute Mu nPocTl4Te, qe qrllrPai ce6e cx, l1l,l x3rnexaa yHecTeH y aHec: ,,Aocera, t.r oco6eHo B cunHo nHAycrpvanH3rPaHfiTe CTPaHX, AX3aiHep,lTe pa6oTrT, HOCTTa Aa Ce npeMHHe

aanh Hr xapecBa rnu He, a uHrePec Ha Pa3MBoxaBaHero Ha oraenHxre

He3aBucxr4o

nPeaMerr, a He B xNrepec Ha KoNrpon Brpxy rf,x, (axro e Heo6xoarFo ra crPyKrypforo noao6prsaHe Ha 06xPrxaBautara cPeAa, Ka3aHo c Apyr, Ay14r, saAa'{ara Aocera 6e Aa ce ,,npoel{rxpa 3a yBenrcaBaH€rorr 14 s MNoro PeaKx cnyqall, aKo Blo6qe rMa

Ba, ,,ra KoNrPon". orryK €neasa, ee rxe no3HaBaMe ao6Pe nrPBara raaaqa u rB1,PAe

raK

HanKo BroPara (. . .) Bax|a crln'{a

npeoaonf,BaBe Ha ro314 Heaocraru L]le 6]a€ pa3BuTreTo, s Hau-xlc cPor(, 3a eaHa yHxov-

qypaHa HeroAonors, cxoBaHa

npeursHa v

Korro ue -Hn no3Bonu !a

Be pa3_

Ha KoHrPon Ha Bcrqk11 paBBrura Ha o6KP!xaBaqara \roBeKa

KPHe

Peurvrl nPo6neMl,re

p!4r

lprbBa aa xaxa ooaqe, !e

.eMara

orryK ra ,.au3anH 3a KoNrPon" -'l ce rrnKyBa no HaquH clBcer xoxe aa qyxA or ro3x, Koiro rrraH npeasua. 3a aa cnoHeHa caMo ea,1N, r.rte Tpr6Ba aa ce cnPa 3a HanKo Bl,Pxy reoPxxre Ha areP'4xaHcKut yqeB B.Q. CxuHlp, aBrop Ha KHrrara,,OrBla cBo6oAara14 AocroriHcrsoro". CkrB},p, n puB!pxeHuK Ha Hai-6e3xanocrNr,, aerePMur(oHrPona

Hx3lM B qoBeL!xoTo noBeaeHre, npeaBeqasa kPa, Ha,,aBToHoxHrr", Ha,,cBo6oaB11r" tl ,,aocToeH" qoseK. cnoPea Hero, BcrHaxlB Pa3roBoP orqocHo c6o6o,aara x Aocro;ts. cTaoTo e caHo PeToPuxa, Tli acne(T Na qogeulKo noaeaeNqe BtHaTt ce e

onPeaenrn qPe3 ynoBrH,l onePaq u Ha KoHrPon Ha coquanHara { fiarepnanHa oxonHa cPeaa. HacTorutxTe raTPyaHeHv, Ha KanxTarxcTuqecKoro

6op6u

ao H'4re, or -Pacr3Ha ao saHrrp€iBaHero

o6u.recrBo

BoriHa

o(onHara cPeaa ca nPea rsrr{aHn, cnoPea CKrHlp, tse or nxncara Ha KoHTpon, Bo or HeeOeKr'48€H

KoHrpon.3a aa ce npeoao-

onur Ha PeaKqHoHHo rt,rKysaNe Ha aeTePHrHH3Ma, Pa3nonaraFe nx Hve c anrepHaTlBef orroBop, KoriTo He Hx npuHyxaasa aa ce orKaxeH or Hauri, co6crBeH aer€pMrHn3bE? lYoxer. nx aa 3axneiHrM noxePrEyBaFero kaxro ro npea.raB, Cxvntp l aa ro er,rxsanr,! Karo nonoxhTeneH fa'(T, uroH ro nPoKflaMlapaHe Hue? n peycr pc i crBo-ro Ha 66orexHocoepara ute 6rae. xaKro (araxMe.

pe3ynTaT oT npeaheTr, T-e. eaHa Hosa crcrera Ha KoHrPon Ha nPeaMeTurei Ho B,(aKao ro'{Ho ce c}cTou parnnKara Mexay,,TexHonorrrTa Ba noseaeHHe-

To"

cxarHrp ll

ra!r. Korro

cme npxHyaeHv aa

clulo

ute

npuenenl Ma(ap aa

cMe

Hrle

npeacraB nu ao(rarbqHo y6earrerH,l orroBoprr Ba Te3x BrnPoc14, ,BHo e, ee re rpr6Ba Aa erar no-ao6pa ocHoBa or ra3r., xonro urar axec. Aa ocrr/pvH ra3r ocHoaa, cnopea M€N, e eaHa or Nai-BaxHure ra.qa,ru ra tsac nper.neasautrre Hrxo,.r(o roanHu. {pyr acnexr. csrp}aH ( reHara,,Ayrair ra xoHTPonrL npeacTaBtrraa TrearlteTo Ha re3ui Kor4To ro oTpHgaT B raHeTo Ha HrKaXlA

Bra paaukaneH axrarN Hxx,lnu3rr. cnopea ,,AxraiH 3a xoHrpon' ce paBNrBa Ha BrPara B nPynoxHara paq oHanHocr 3a peurasaNe Bcxqxu npobneMl, Ha qoBe!ecrsoro. OaBr/qecKu par. /{ara e crace! Har.a Hexay ra3y l{p'4-rRa ra..ruraiq ra ho .p. " , KPrlrxkara fa npuarpxeH'1q,rre Ba l{anTyc, lanu Ma xAeonorhrra ra l.,1anryc

rrx

(orro Ba.rcrLlrrc oko ra-a cneaa / A.pv t

nePxoA! B

r pooreY,r Ha

qra,rHure flpo6neMy, rpr6Ba aa ce peuraBar

cPer

nrrBoro orxBrpnrHe

paqroNanHocT. caMo

y6exaaBar

Ha oneparxBHara

no 1o!v .a!f",

npxpoAara Moxe Aa brAe

X norsa or ro3, poa, cnopea

reB,

npeycrpoicrsonpupoaara rpn63a aa 6!ae GUr€sPe-

e HanlnHo Heo6ocHoBaHa.

nerr raKrsa rarpyAseHl,lr. cKrH-bp npeaaara

HoB n roraneH HayveH KoHrPon aelr ero: ru14PoKoro nPrinoxeHue

reNHo nPeycrPoicrBo Na BchLrKo, koeao e ,rrKycTseHo cr3aaaeHo B npnPoaaTa. h qoM roBoPrH 3a u3KycTseHo cr3aaBaHe He HoxeM aa He roBoPn ra Hayxa t1 A cru.lo u ra au3aiH. CeraurHara Kpu3a Ha o6Kplxasautara.peaa ure 6!ae peureHa c noioutra Ha HayKara u TexHonorurra u c Ho6aropcKr,rr nprHoc Ha arsaiHa, hHaqe srobLle He Hoxe aa 6}ae pelreHa.

Ha noseHa eaHa HOSa,,TeXHOflOTlii Ha nOBeAeH6eTO", KOerO

u]€ p€qe eaHa rexHonorrr, (orTo ce laHucrc cnequanHaTa cPeaa crc crqara

HaBa

qranHara oKonHa cpeaa. (c apyru eaHa

ay1114,

rexHororxr, Korro rPerrPa xoPara He ca xopa). ttnpaBes, npea

An3AIr.H

HAyKA nPeav Borvr(o oT nPrflqrnHo Pasnx'rH,lTe,

Axo e npaarnxo rBrpaeHrero, .re xpaiHITe TneAH' .roql(ll nOAqePTaBaT r4ar!a6a Ha €AfiH npo6nerr, To npeAnoxeHara retla

Hoxe Aa 6rAe orHeceHa Klx xauta6Hlrre. floxrxora arrepnal.raHvre pa3crx4€Hx, ca TOTTKOBa

nporrBoPeqxBr, qe aopl4 e HeBt3-

HO)(HO Aa

6tAe

CXBaEaTa CtU,lHOCtTa 8a

npo6neHa. HeonpeA€neHocrre B p€lynra-

TrTe or qrna noPe4xqa cePro3Hr on,lTH Aa 6rAe pa3(pxra cnoxHara npl,lpoAa Ha BravMooTHoureHrf,Ta xexay arreiHa x HayKata (aoclal}qHo e aa noco'{tltl ofltrla Ha ynHcxara urxona) nopoAv clHHeHHe y

a.H. tayH l/lnol A,Pe.ioP x^ 6tlu,tfe

r.i.

Hrr(or,r

cfleqHanhcrt4t ,rt1a nfi cMhcln Bto6ul€ aa ce laHrilaBaire c To3l, nPo6neit? h3rnexaa, qe not,lTha8aTa anTepSaTlBa 3a aeve ctulecTByBaulfi, lr3cneaoBaTencK{ onrT ce KPr€ B Heo6xoaxMocrra no-crpoao l,l nPaa,rnHo aa 6rae nocraBeH npo6nelra 3a B3ahl,lHara Bp!3Ka exAy Ar,13aiHa r Hayxara, Karo ro orHacr e Bcex, alT krx onPeaeneHMle coquan-

rlo'r,rKoBorrrqecxr ycnoBl,,i ra {/8l(urro814" FaHe Ha Al43aiHa. B Tosa BxxAare eAHa or

qenhre Ha o6crxaaHero Ha aaaeHara rera

KoHrpeci.

3a raxaBa nocraHoBka Ha npo6neHa iloxe aa nPeacTaBnrBa onPeaeneH nHTePec aHa-

n,r3!T Ha onrra c a,!3aira 3 cccP o apyrrre coqHanrrcTrqecKu cTPaHx, Ktaero Toli or caHoro Haqano ce pa3BrBa Ha HayqHa ocHoBa. flpk roBa ceta ctaaa tcHo, qe HeAocrarEgHoro parpa6orBaHe Ha HayqHara 6a3a Ha TO3l4 Bl,lA lBopqeCXa AeiHOCT 3a6aBt k3nOnsBaH€To Ha yHrKanHrTe oTKpfi Ba coqtalrcTtl'{ecxaTa cToflaHcKa cMcrerra ia pa3Blrrrero Ha Av3aiHa. 3aeAHo c

roBa 06€Krl'BHara Heo6xoAnxocr

ly,e Nd HHOrO

or paisr-

AUSAiHii Ha Hayt{Ha OCHOBa

Btnpocl{

xexay ax3aiHa

nocfas'

B3ar Hafa Bpr3Ka Hayxafa l,l no3BorrBa aa

OTHOCHO

{

6!Ae cHrKHaro,,Ta;HcrBeHoro 6yno" or Htl(o, cTPaHv

BlarHooTHoLle-

OfienqraHara oco6eHocr ce o6ycflaB, 18

B CpaBHeHte c kanrTanrcTn'{ecKrTe cTpaHl,l, qenu la opraHrlaqhoHHh 6cpMl' Ha 4r3aiHa B ycnoBxrra Ha coqxannrHa. A"3arHepure B coqtanrctl,l'{ecKMTe cTpaH11 c€ crpel1rr r{L,

oPraHl,9Ho ctearlHtBaHe Ha nocfuxeHnrTa Ha As3aiHa c npexMyutecrsara Ha coqxanhcTlt']ecKaTa cTonaHcKa crcTera, l(oefo oTxPxBa KaqecTBeHo HoE eTan a PaaBvTxeTo

qe r a, xaxTo H,

ce cTPyBa, HeroBoro pa3Bnrre. f'lpr{ peuraBaHero Ha ralr 3aAaga norygaaa Pa3BrTfie BCyrrko qeHHo, aocTrrHaTo oT

ar3aiHa

KaPATHanHO 3HaqeHhe 3a

cBeToaEr, av3aifl, []o cBorra lHaqrrenHocr r o6urxpHocr npo6nerib a crorHoLrieHrero Ha ar3ari Ha u Hay(aTa HanrrHo 6, HorEn aa 6rae rnaBHa rera Ha cneqraneH koHrPec Ha hKchA B no,]oBl,l8.tacoB Ao(naa (3rnexaa HeBt3t oxHo aa 6rae Pai,KPr,rTo seixoTo crarPxaH{e. 3aToBa qe ce orPahl1g,lr caHo c Pa3rnexaaHeTo 8a aBa acneKTa Ha aaaeHaTa rena. llrpsurr e cBrp3aH c npo6nexlre Ha B3afi|1HfiTe Bpr3r{r,r Ha aHra;Ha n qin pea HayKlr, BTOPT,',I Ce OTHaC' AO BrnPOCI4, cBlp3aHl' c OopHrpaHero Ha ArraiHepcKara

ff Mox€

HayKa

I BnrrHreTo,

oKaxe

Ha cbapeheHHara c,rcreMa oT

KoeTo

8ayqH,

np,rcrLnBa;Kl,t kih xapaKTepr3xpaHe Ha nLPBffi acnekr, TPr6Ba nPeal{ BcxqKo aa or6enexsir, 9e crBPeHeHHoro xyaoxecrBeHO

npoeKTxPaHe c€ ocHoBaBa, karo nPaBvno,

alrqHo xlnonlyaaHe Ha HaygHh sHaHri, Ha craav, Ha npeanpoexTHlre ,3cneasaHxr, B nePrloaa Ha clcTasise Ha nPoexrHo 3aaaHl,,e}l B caMfii nPoqec Ha Ha crcTe

npoeK1aH1cKara aeiiocl, o6exrtr Ha flpoeKTrpaHe ce ooprrxPa Ha ocHoBara Ha o6€KTxaHx HayqHl1 AaHHv, orparrBauln, or eaHa cTPaBa, o6qecrseHo Heo6xo^Ht xTe cBoicrBa Ha 6-bAeulero l13aen,re, a or APyra

BlrnoxHocTr

PeanHrTe -hrBoacrBo. crBpe

xe aa pa6oTx

3a xeToBoTo

nPo-

eriHlriT ar3aiHeP He Ho-

6e3 aa

or\rxra Br3r.loxHocTl,lTe

Ha nPox3BoacrBoro, 3aKoHraTe Ha eProHoHrrra, HoPhrre Ha norP€6neHHe, rynfyPHXTe X O6utecTBeHr raeann, KaTo,l3noByBa

PelynTaTrre oT rr3cneaaaSrrTa Ha llHoro Hayxr, a{3airrr c}qeBpe eHHo aosexa: onPeaeneHa coq&irnHa noprr{Ka ao c}BpeHeHHaTa Hayka, c1.utiynup\ a noHrKora I l(oPrrxPa Pa3BxTneTo Ha oTAenHx HanpaBneHyt or qrn Pea xa)a'r8r ar,tcqxnnrHr.

B ctrpyaxurecrso c

rHxeH€pr1, KoH-

cTPyKTOPh, TeXHOnorrt apxxTe{TH,

xyaox-

HUqr, ePro8offl,!, MKoHotlNcTll, cotlrono3i,

ArlaiHepaT c€ cTpeH, Aa Hai€p, HaipaqroHirnHlrr xaqrH BCHgXH CBOiCTBa He

o6eArHrBaH€

npOeKTrpaHri O6efi

HeroBaTa qrnocTHa cTPyxryPa

t,l

xapHoHnqHa

tlopra. Ocurqecrsrsaxero Ha ra!, +yH(llrt x3rc(6a oT arsaixePa aa BnaA€e uJxpox

aranaloH oT HayqHr 3HaH{i, pa36rpaHe Ha npo$ecroHanHx, €3rr( Ba BceKr! oT CsrpraHrre c npo6nella cneqranHocTy. Ak3aiHePLT rPn6Ba Aa nPrrexaaa, aKo uleTe, pa:arT ,,rayvex axyc", ra 4a pa3n{qasa cpea iHoro'rr!cneHxTe Hayqtq arcql,ln,lIHt t Te3lt konTo HaxcTtxa c:t }ly Heo6xoarllr, a B nocrleaHnle aa PaJ6rPa r oqexrBa oHoBa, xoeio npeac.raBntsa aeicTBnTeIHa HaygHa qeHHocT

Ar3aiHa.

O6e4rxrsaeero xa yornrrra He paJnrgHr,r cneqranrcTll !a paipa6orBaHe Ha eAHa rnlt aPyra ar3aihePc(a saaaqa npeacTaanrBa n3(nK,qxrenHo cnoxeH npo6neH. TyK rr.la ,,e3r,txoBr" , apy Tpya|ocTr, npo[3xoxaaqx oT o6eA6HrBaxeTo Ha xopa c pa3nrgHx nPosecn, , onnT s eaxH (onerTsa, x npo6neHl1, csrpraHfi c roBa, qe B HaygHaia,l npaKTrqecxara AeiHocT no pa3nrLleB HaqrH ce oqeHia:r c?oir{ocTTa Ha nony'reHrr pe3ynTar, { oqe Pearqa cnoxHocTr, 6e3 npeaBaPrTenHoro x cneqranHo pdrnexaaHe Ha KorTo eaBa rr Moxe aa ce ocMryp, aocTai-bqHo e(DexrrBHo peureHre Ha Kollnfle(cHlr-

Te nPo6nen[. Te3r npo6neil, npsAo6rsar oco5eHa ocrPoTa B cotlranNcTuqecKtTe cTpaHr!t Ksaeio ax3aisrT ce npeBprqa s aeiclsrTenHo Kone(TrBeH Bra aeiHocT, xHrerpxpaq eneieht 3a xorTo e earHHrrT TBoPqecxx npoqec Brp)(y rApa8n, +yxAaieHr Ha HayqHrre 3HaH9r. B rerx ycrroBxr ce nporstla HeAocTaYr'{Ho HaaexaHoro peuaBaHe Ha ar3ati-

HePcxsre nPo6nenn car,ro

3APaBrr Paayi

paBHrqeTo

y HHTysqrrfa. MHoro oT

npo6nel.rrre, c kor,rro ce c5n!c(aa coquanr-

cTrqecxrrT AnlaiH, sLo6qe He ioraT aa

6!Aar ,,cxsaHar{" r,,HTyxrrBHo or Ar3aiHeaaxe q

B To3s

cnyqai, koraro pa3rnexaa-

e HeaoBara rHlyrtlri, r(orro noHrxora nPeanara xaTo He+oPlrynxPaHa r! HenPoBePeHa reoPnr.

He(a a:eirer ra nprrlep npo6neir.3a

onpeaenrHe

KoiIo

Trnoae1e noTpe6grenx, oT 3aBxq, n369pa Ha HanpasreHue B Ha

pa6orara no $oprupaxe Ha npeAierHo-

nPocTpafictBeHaTe xll3HeHa cpeaa 3 Tonen14 rPynri oT flaceneHreTo. PeuJaBaBero Ha rolx nPo6ret,l B ycnoBrrTa Ha co(xanrcTrqecKaTa

nnaHoBa ctonascka crcTeia e at toxHo B cnyqai, qe rHTyxrrBHara nPeacraBa

caio

Ha ar3aiHePrre !a T,{noBeTe noTPe6xTe ce aonlnBa oT xayqHo o6ocHoBaHo11 elrnxprqecK, npoEepeHo ,HaHre 3e Hai-o6utvre

Hexa ce yroBoPxra,

qe u.le sHaie

nPeaBHA

Hant,lHo onp€aeneH acne*t Ha nocoqeHxn 'xornnexcxoro niyqaBaHe , npo6nei - cTPyffiyPaTa Ha Hrl(os (oHioaerrrPaHe l(PE.rHll BXAOBE AEiHOCT, B CI.,CTEHATA HA

xorTo AEaiHePlt Pa3rnexaa nPoefrPaHl1le nPeaieTt a TexHrle kornne(cr. B TOaa HanPasfleHle Ha u3cleaBaHxrt xaxro

noxalaa onrrlr Ha BHhhTE u lra pearqa aPyrr oPraHBaqxr, ce Ha6enrlsar n!Trutara la Hr;-e+efiruHo a3arHoaeicTlre anlaiHa c eProHorlrrTa.

3aAagara

xoHnneKcBo ,3yqaoaHe

lioaenxPaHe Ha cTPyxTypata Ha (osxperHx

BraoBe aeiHocr B ycnoarrTa, (oTaTo e Heo6xoAxl'a rapaHqxr 3a HeiBoro ycneuHo

xaTeroP,,l HaceneHre. Taxls

nPoTn'iaHe B nPoeKTl1PaH[Te crcTeil ,,qosex-raurrHarr, ce o*a3Be TonKoBa cnoxHa, qe Frio eAaalt oT ctulecTayaaqrre raeroao-

noaxoa e eaHo oT nPorBrleHrrTa Ha o6ulaTa TeHAeHqkn! ctu.lrHara Ha KorTo ce clcror,r B Toaa, qe:nI peuraBaHero Ha ax3aiHePc(ure npo6neirn ce ,,rcKBa He ca.{o lrJrPora Ha o6xBara, cnoco6crByBaula crHTe3rpaHero

,oTl4qecx, noaxoag B ctBPeHeHHv.re Hayl(l, cotl14onorlrr! ncnxonorrr! (Dr!nonorm -11 aP. xe tloxe aa 6rae nPxSHaT Karo ,a HeiHoTo PeuaBaHe, fiaKaP aocraTt..eH qe BceK, oT Tix aonPrHacr onPeaeneHa

Ha HHOTOCTPaHHT nOSHaHnt, HO }l Arn6O9fiHa

n'on3a, KoHqenqHtTe 3a c.h3aaBaHe Ha lleToalt

qePt,

riaTePranHvt (oHtexcr

Ha ocHoBHrTe

xrEoTa

Ha pa6ora, nPeanaraHa oT cneqvanrcTrTe

Ha cneqranrsaqfirra.

Onrr}r

noxalaa, 9e

s o6nacra

ca o npx nocogeHara

oPseHTaqll, ar3aiHrT B coqrarlrcTrqecl(rTe crpaHl' noxe Aa r36erHe He Aorai laarA|ara POnr, cBrp3aHa cbc cLAeicTBre npn norBaTa

xrxo, oTPaxeHrr

nePrnetrrTe

Ha roHonxl(rrTe x xanrTanrcTxqecKaTa norpe-

6rrencxa ctcretla Blpxy HoBxre coqr:rnHt,l

ycnosrr. npo6rlelrlr ra HayqriaTa o6ocHoBxa Ha

ctotHoureHreTo iiexa, TpaarqrosHrre

v neP(neKTraHM 3aaaq}r HO

ax3aiHa e oco6eakTyansa B crBPeHeHHyTe ycnoBMr, KoHa

raTo a coqxirnrc7lqecxxte cTpaH, ce peuaaaT /cneulxo raaeqnTe 3it 3aaoaonra:rHe n:xnpa c npeAierx 3a HapoAHo norpe6rleHre 11

ocHoaHo ce n0406prBa

llotpe6xocrrre cir

rtxHolo

kaq€crBo.

rl3xoaHara ro{xa ra AeiHocrra Ha xopara. B roBa orHouteHre npo6nenrre Ha AeiHocrTa npeAcraanrBar oco6eH ,Hrepec !a Ar3aiHa. HarfirHa, ao-

xonxoTo cairiiT TeplrrH raeiHoci" He

onPeaeneS Bce oqe aoctaflqHo oTgetnnBo, c Heao c€ cBlp3Bar Hai-paanrqHu Blrrneax, a floHrKora nPe piBxpraaHe Ha cLAtpxaHre-ro }ly ro o6BxBaT clc cxonacrrqHa lllrna, 3a.q xoito He cro, HrxaxEB cnrcM. 3aros:

Ha rexBrxaratl TexHo,lorl{rE noHrxoTa ce npeBprqa B taaaqa &r npecirraHe Ha pa6oTaTa Ha qoaexa xa.ro 3BeHo oT aa,qeHa c[cTe]ra 3a ynPaBneHxe, kaTo ene-

eHr oi 3arBoPex KoHryP, E(nroqaaul u .rexHrqecx[!t,l toBe[Ltxl{ xoEnoHeHr[. nPll

TOAa nPect{rTaHe 9OBel(!T e Pa:rrnexaaH Karo xaHa, 3a BPt3xa, KaTo 6noK 3a nPepa-

6orxa fia xH+opfiaqrr, (aro npraarrq8a

oyHrqr

r.H, Bcr,rxl, ae!,

onr

golexa

Aa 6LAaT nP,AAAEH, QYHKI.IIIYTE HA iAUJl.'H.

nPoel<ltPaHrTe CtCTeltrt eCTeCTaxo nPx TOBa He ce orqrra orpeHrqeHoctta fia ra(ta noaxoa, trxoPtPaul no3rTrlBHtTe at3lroxHocT,l xa qoBexa xaro aeicrExleneH cy6exT Ha fPyaat T.e. To6at KoeTo nPeacTaBntaa He He_ roa Heaocrertx, a nPert.lyqecTBo c cPacHeHre C llauillHala, HO 3BeHO B

BeHO, He aOArT AO HrKbAe,

Bce no-urrpor(o npoHlrxBaqxrr ! epronolltlt.ra crcTeieH floaxoA cttaaBa Heo6xoaxltrTe nPeanocraax, lit ocbule(tarBaHe Ha npexoaa oT HaTpynlaxe Ha aaflH{ ra qoBeu(t4Ie oaKTop KrH rHleH3rBHo y3yqrrocTHo onxcaHye Ha crpyKTy'raBaHe r '19

para Ha Trn19HrTe BraoBa KoHxperHa aeiHOCi. Ha AaAeBOTO paBHsqe He Ce noaneHrT lllcneaBaHxrTa Ha cnoieHa.rrTe HayKl,l, a ce +op r,!pa cMcrelra oT KprTepxr, B croTBeTcTBxe c xotro ce crHT$r4paT nonynyqeHrTe oT Te3, HayKx p$ynaarh x ce u3B!PUraa onPeaerleHo npeycTpoicTBo s TrxHOiO B3al,lrloaeicTBre npy nonygaBaHeTo

flmaixrr

crrrynrapa piBpa6orBaHero nPo6reHx, cBrpsaHtl c nporsrBaHero

Ha Ha

cTPyKTyPaTa Ha KOHKPeTHs AsAOBe AeiHoCT, E CBOtTe Hai-agCUJl.t nOCTI)l<eH{t 6neclrqo nPeacKa3Ba PeuJeHreTo lla Hrxoll oT Ttx. [1pr axanr.rra n oco6eHo nprr peanmnpaHero Ha nonygeHllTe Ha rHTytlT[BHo HIBO qr,lOCT" Hl, nPeacTaBn ra xoHKPeTHlr Br,qoBe croxha

aeiHocr B npoeKTrr ar3aiHlT gecTo r3nPeBaPBa HayqHaTa HcEr1, Moxe

qoaeurKa

aa ce oqaKBa, qe Hay'.rHrrT noaxoa

KrH

nyqaBaHeTo x fioaenxPaHero Ha cTPyr{TyPala Ha l(oHKPeTHX Br,AOBe AeiHOCT O6OraTeH OT ,rHTyr4lrrTa Ha ar3araflePar ule aa,ae

B Ha;-6nrrKo Bpe e

rHTepecH, pe3ynraTH.

flporBara Ha Bpr3Kfire HexAy flpeaMerrl0To Btnnlllle{ge {a qogeuKa1a aeiHocr !! caHaTa aeiBocr, Hexay cBeTa Ha nPeaHe" TnTe }l cBeTa Ha xoPaTa, e Heo6xoavHa flPeanocTaBKa 3a Peuraaafle Ha arsaiHePcKrTe la4aLr . crperexrr aa ce onpeaenlr

Ponrra r i,rcToro Ha nPoexfrPaHeio B c,loxHrl KolinneKcl1 Ha

ynPaBneHr€To Ha

rl3XyCTBeHaTa CpeAa, B KOrTO npoTrrva )i(HBO-

T-br Ha xoPaTar no3aoniaa no Hoa HacqH aa ce norneaHe Ha MHoro TPaarqMoHH,

npo6neHr. PasrnexaaiK,l npoeKrxpaHero

KaTo npoqec, Koiro nocTaB, HaqanoTo Ha n3 eHeHxrTa B r3r(ycTBehaTa cPeaa, peaHqa

uicneAoaarenu (K. AxoHc, E. TpuropreB ,i ap.) aKqeHThpar BHrHaHrero ra 3aAaqira, HapeqeHa,,nPoeKrHo nPorHo3hPaHe" ri nPeacraBnrBauta cneqx0rqHa $opra na xa-

yqHoro nPorPaHrPaHe Ha coqxanHrr€

Apyru nocne,acrBnf, or aura;,{epckara ai; HocT. Tyl( ca B3eTal noA BHr4 aHHe u36oprr Ha onThHanH, BaP,ak.rr, ta florPeuHhTe peuJeHs,

npoqeca

npoek-

rrPaHe oure nPeax rexHure orpxqarerHn nocneAcTBr4, Aa ca ce nPeBlpHann B Heo6pa-

Tl4r +aKr Ha pearHara Aeicrsrre,rHocr. B

npoertroro nporrlolxpaHe Ha ,croro

,,crarhgH11f," o6eKT Ha npo€KTupaHe ,,caraoparBhBautnrr" ce 06ekT.

yqaclrero

lrABa

Ha Ar3anHa B peuaBaHero Ha

coqHanHo 3HaquHu npo6neM,1

no nlff

Peo6Pa3yBaHe Ha l,13KycrBeHaTa c9eAa 03HaqaBa {a9ecTBeHo u3MeHeHu€ Ha o6eKra Ha npoeKrupaHe r o.HoBHo nPon

HeHq canH, rapa'{rep Fa a,43axFePc(ara AenHocr.

Ar3aiHlr

3ano'{Ba

aa npoeKrnpa

He caMo nPeaMeTr, Ho n rexHeTe cscTeMx, o4creHnre 3a oTHoLueHH, Ha nPeaHerHrl

'lkolynnexcq c rPynu xoPa. Heo6xoaxxocrra oT TrpceHe B npoqeca Ha npo€r(T{paHe Ha Hai-eoeKT BHrre peureHrn Ha aonl<oaa croxHH n oTroaoPH9 3!nPocx nPeax3B14xBa oorBala Na Hosa eToaonorrr, rlPu roBa pacre He '1pocro ponqra Fa

HayRala

npoMeH, ce caMurr cnoco6 Ha np'4noxeH'4e Ha Hay'{Hrre 3HaHe, r MeroA,1 B ah3aiHa.

Chcre11Horo npoeKr,lpaHe ranoqBa 4a aa H3non3Ba r€Toaa HaHayqHo roaenuPaHe

o6eKra, xoriro HaarpHo Lqe ce flPeBtPfe B eanH or ocHoBNure rBopgecl(h ieToarl B Ha

Ar3aiHepcKara 4eiHocr,

Tli

aa ce noHecrBar rpaHhqure

xaTo nosBonrBa Ha

cfepure ra

HeQopHanr3ripaHoro x OoPManrruPaHoro x GqeapeMeNHo aa ce clcPeaoroqasar rBoP-

eecKn ycxr14, BlPxy nBneHur ,l flPoqect, Kouro ae;cTsHTenHo ce HyxaaflT oT nocTuHa rHTyrlrlxrTa. npoNr|(BaH€To Ha ro3!l eroA B ax3aiHa Boa cnea

ce6e cll Ao 3a3ApaBrBaHe lra Bpl3Kure Ha c Ku6epFerxKara, o6lrtara reoP, Ha crcreMurei vr.neaBaHeTo Ha onePaquBTe, TeopfrTa Ha urpuTe, Teoprltla Na rNoAu3aiHa

xecrBara, KoH6uHaroPH14fl aHan x3. ceMxoT14(na u aPyfu atlc\t1r|nrNu I HanPaBneH'4t tsa cbBpeMeHHhTe Hayq Hu xrcneaBaHHr, Hayvr.rure r:cne4aarur

Kakro npqnox-

Bhre, iaKa x fyraaxexranrure *e ca - peo6npocro rlouleH eierer-, a Bbrpeurro xoauMa norpe6Hocr, npoxrr"eau{a POAATA HA A'!A;HEPCXATA AENHOCT,

or np B

TOBA

oqe BegHbx MoxeM Aa ce y6eAu or npfHepa c parPa6orsaHe

rPonPu6op', q APyrl, npoeKru, sa Ko,lro ce rosoPu 14 ure ce roBoPrl Ha Haurgr KoHrpe. Karo pa:area roBa HanpasneHre, ArsariHLT ute noanoMorHe npepasrnexaaHeTo Ha HflKo, rPaAuqxoHHx saaa\ru Ha rHxeHepHoao r(oHcrPyuPaHe u c roaa ure crrlHynupa nPexoaa Hy Ha HoBoi no-Brlcor(o paBHl,lule.

ll rexHuqecxxre Hayxx! ahar'4iyPa- crPyxr/Prra Ha a,ra;'(o,ro Hepckara AeiHocr. Aa nonyqar AonlnHrreneH u nync !a no-HaTaTruHoTo cu pa3BuHe e urxnpqexo,

Karo noAgeplaBaMe HenpecraN Ho pacrr' utaTa Pon, Ha Hay.rHqTe ocHos,, B au3a;Ha, clBceH He 6,1xHe ,cKany Aa 6rAe HenpaBrnHo par6paHl, B ft1r4cr,. qe urqrno HanlfHo cnoaenrMe KoHqenqurTa

HrT, ka(To H0 ce

crPyBa,

KlAero cBrpr!Ba cnyqarNocTTa, Ho |1Horo or roaa, Koero sHacr B Hero cny.rarr, ro 060raEABa n,l Moxe AoKpa, Aa 6rAe urrcHeH npo6neMlr 3a clorHor!eNrero Ha paq oHa,rHoro 14 14r.rry14rr4BHoro B 4 3ariHa, la cne,,losaTerHo, Aa 6rAaT Pa3kp'rr cneqrQ[.rHure MexaH rf,rr Ha B3af,roaerica6rie Mexay a,13aiHa n HayKara. BcrKa Kpaq(a no flrff K!r1 roBa r3rcHrsaae qe orKp,le HoBa crpaHuqa B cBoeo6pa3Hara neronuc Ha s3axMoorHoureHxrTa l.1exay al,3arHa u HayKaTa, c]utecTseHo ute 060raTr6a qenn, xoMn,.leKc oT HayKx, nryqaBaut n pypoaara q 3aKoHoryepHocT,rre Ha rBopqecKara AeriHocr.

Cera Aa np€MxHeM r<rx pa3rnexAaHe Ha HrKoh npo6nerh oy Baopn, acnekr Ha HauaB paraurrero ra auraix Koraro nPocroro ylnoaryBaNe -Ha fayqHure 3HaHrr, non/qaBaHu orBlHi nPecraHa aa yAoBrerBoPrBa nonoxeHrero Ha Heurara. B auraiiHa

cr,:prea ct3FlaHrero ra Heo6xoa14-

or cr,rraBaFe Ha co6.rsera reoprr Ba AuraiHa, orpa3rBaura Hocr

Fry(a

HeroBara cbLr.lHocT! Moaen,lpaula fi NanpaBnf,Baqa HeroBaTa AeiHocr, noeMauta Blpxy ce6e cx nocraHos(ara h parpeursBaNero Ha ocHoB,

Ax3aiHepcKx apoe{r, cBrp3aH c ycrs}puleH, cTByaaHeTo Ha HHoro cTPaH14 Ha npor3Boa-

Nrre My npo6neMr-

crBeHara AeiHocr H c noAo6prsaHero Na norPe6rrencx re c8olicrsa Ha nPoaykqBrra

cfrHero

xa Bcectrcs'ioro o6eauHeHue,,Coprenex-

l, 3a u3Knlo-

qrrenFo paq,4oFan,lcrrveH atsranH. Arrai!-

Pa3pacrsaHero Ha Ha

pe+ne(cffira,

Ha ocH,1Ha-

AuraiHepc{ara npakrrka e

nrnHo ra(oHoMePHo rB,.leHre, cBLP3aHo . HapacrBaHero Ha ponrra Ha au3a;Ha B xrBo-

Ha o6utecrBoro, B nPeo6Pa3yBaHero Ha npear€TH11, cBrr, B nocneaHo BpeHe, KaKTo y6eArTenHo noka3axa AoKnaAxTe no re|la-

xPac"Ba

l, alpxaBHa non,1ruKa", npuao6uBar oco6eHo 3Ha,{€Hne r ocrpora coqranHHTe npo6neMv Ha qeneHacoqeHoTo ynpaEneH14e Ha ar3aiHa. Ha oBnaarBaHeTo Ba He.oBoro Pa3Brrl4e, Ha cHAaBaHero Ha Pa!yHHa cu(T€Ha 3a r3non3BaHe noTeHuharHxre ry Bt3MoxHocTx. Telh nPo6neHx Moxaxa

peuraBa HoaaTa xayra?

,,411r2.nH

BrrHr4KHaT caMo Ha

aocraTr\rNo Bxcoko a raiHa u ca cBlP-

Pa3Burxe Ha

raHl4 c TlPceHrlsTa Ha TaKasa cxcTeHa Ha ynpaBneHne, KorTo 6u nosBonxna Hai-nrnHo aa 6taar pa3KPuru rsoPqecK'4re Br3froxHo-

crn

Ha To3r1 B,1a

ae;Hocr.

h 8a

"rPa,14

raxa, KaKBH npo6neHu e nprrsaHa

06qara reopxn

rxBHa Kpxrr,,Ka { aa cT,rMyPHPaMe o6c!xaa' Hero Ha Te3v nPo6ne H Ha Haurffi l(oHrPec.

a3 Hru.ro oco6eHo HrMa

Rtpao, nPo6ne|,t{Te

AnlaiHa, ,rrcneAsaHero

aa 6rAar onpeAeneH'1 HeroBnre coqvanHo-n(oHo nqecKn saaaqu

u no-HaTaTtutnv nrTrqa Ha pa3ExThe;

6rAar pa3xpnru Bpt3xHre Ha AHiaiHa

apxxreKTypara, n3KycTBoTo, HayKaTa, TexN$KaTa, l(ynTyPaTa;

aa 6raaT

nPorBeHh

ecrerxqecKrre laxoxonepnocrn xa {opxupaHe Ha npeaMerHm carr. Bropo, npo6neMNTE HA BAI'EOAEiCTBTETO HA qOBEXA

l,,

Ha ,3RyCTBeHaTa CPeAa, B OCHOBaTa Ha KO{aO

TPr6aa aa nexar clsPetleHHxre nPeacraBu 3a ocsoBHHT€ +oPiX Ha,.oBeulka aeiHocT.

u3aenhrTa (onTxHanHrTe P€aose oT oTAen-

Trx axTyanHa u nPnHyxaaBaT oTHoBo Aa ce o6ptutaHe xlM Hay''lHoTo ocMxcnrHe Ha nrrhlqara r,l foprure xa seroBoro pa3Burxe. Qop npaqara ce AxiarHepcKa HayKa e nprrsaHa aa aaae cBo, nprHoc 3a no-e+eK-

nPoqecl,),

a ctrqo raKa nPo6nexxre

oqeHKa

nPorH03nPaHe

TxEHo PeuraBaHe Ha 3aaaenre, cBlPlaHr,.

TrpceHe, r3yqaBaHe, oqeHKa

[lnon3BaHe

or arraiHa

TexNonort-

rexHtqec(o

'1ecKl, HOBOBtBeAeHqr, CTaHanU BeVe

nO-

B clBPe eHHoro nPons-

Boacrso. C eAHa AyMa, xu3H€cnoco6Hocrra

ar3aiHa ce npotBiBa B TaKaga cien€H clBpeie|Hl,1, csrr, a Kaksaro creneH Toi Ha

cnoco6eH Aa ce u34urH€ 4o HayqHo ocxr4cnrH€ Ha €sorra npaxrn(a. TlP, ro6a orq14Taxe, qe no ro3e nrr ArilarHrr e 3acrpauieH or,,Ha/'reH +errur'1rr|r', ra xoiro ao6pe ce e vrpa3rn O 3ux K.O. Baiq3eKep. ,,Axo xopara ca anbxN,l aa 3aut,1utaBaT HeUIO BaXHO

nUUJe

rO,

U aKO Te

,cKar aa 6baar -cnytuaHx B Korro coquarHurr craryc Ha HayKara

noqru HenoKone6rr, roraBa e rHoro BaxHo re Aa 6rAar yqeH$, Ho eecro, craNan, Ta(n6a, te l,lltrrcnrr Hay(a aaxe raM, Kraero i 8rHa. Tli KaTo € HeB$r4OXHo Aa 6LAe np€BrpHaTo

HayKa BcuqKo nPeKPacHo,

arn60Kxre npo3pexxn, xcrhHcr(4Te ayxoEHr 6oraTcTBa, c xorrro Pa3nonarar xoPara.

Apyra crpaHa rpr6Ba aa 6rAeur y,reH,

Nl,r

rPyn, u3aenri, Ko(To ocrryPiBaT

ioxe aa ce

ra3x urPa HanuHo

nrPae, ToBa

AocTaTBrHo

HoP-

anHo nPoll4qaSe 8a ocSoBurTe xu3HeHrl

norpe6rrencxr cBoicrBa

Ha Hai-aaxHnTe

nPoMxuneHure

,3Aenxr, yAoBnerBoprBau{n

H€o6xoanMx

06qecrBeHH +yHl(qk14. Tpero, npo6nelrrre 3a pa3pa6or6 Ha lrnoB6 l,t3l4cKaaHl,, Kltl xyaoxecrBeHo-KoHcTPyxloPcxoTo sxBo Ha 6}Aeqr.re r3aenr TexHrre KoHnrekch. T.e., hstlcKBaHxr. o6qH 3a oraenHrre nPeaTlnoPeaoBeTe, ctcraBrull, e

cbBokynHocr rrProBcKr,, acoPrHHeHr

,ra€nvrra, a clqo raKa ,, PalPa6oTBase fa np€noP!(1,1 3a noAo6PrBaHe

noTPe6k-

Tenc(ITe cBoicTBa Ha T€3H n3Aenxr, tlersrPTo, nPo6n€MHTe, cBlP3aHx c xeToanTe Ha ar$iHa. ocBeH Tosa, BaxHa clcTaBHa '{acT Ha Ta3r sayKa TPr6Ba Aa craHe reoPxrTa

Ha AvraiHeph, Ha o6yqeHue ocHoBaBaqace Ha 3HaHrtTa, nonyeaBaHx nPH peuraBaHero Ha cnoHeHaTrTe npo6neHl,l, x Ha csoi Pea cnoco6crBaura 3a PasBrTnero

06qam Teopri Ha ax3ai8a, Bxe curypHo pa36upare, ,ae roBa e nrpBara crPyroyPHa cx€ a Ha HoBara Hayxa. Tn ne o6xgaura qenrf, cneKrlp or npo6neHa

Hl4. Cb3AaBaHelo i Aoxa3sa oute BeAHlx cnPaBean[BocTTa Ha TBTPAeHl,leTo 8a a. Tun6epr, ee ,,BcrKa HayqHa o6nacr e xH3Hecnoco6Ha, aoxaro B He, l4Ha u3nuLlLK or HOSh nPo6neik". KonKoTo ao ny6nu(yBa-

aa Te ,3cnyulal, HtHa aa re

nph3Hair. KaKBo nlK.

r€Hn r{Horo nPo6neMn Ha {oPrrvPaHero 8a cailaTa,,BToPa nP(Poaa", Ha h3KycrBeHara cpeaa, xorTo ce xaPaKTePx3HPa c onPeaeneH,, slTPeuHn saKoHorlePHocTl,r Ha cTPykpara, +yHKquoNriPaHero fi Pa3BurreTo gr. EaBa nn e HyxHo aa ce aoKa3aa npea rarr ayanfoPr4r Heo6xoarrlocTTa oT cl4cTeHHo ,3y'raBaHe Ha iopoonor|,lrTa H Trnonorxrra

laaa'rara 3a onPeaenpeaxerrTe, 6 olTyK - HoMeHKnaTyP', Ha nrHe Ha onTHlranHrTe

HapacrBaulsre reMnose Ha npoHeHu B 06nacrra {a nPo[sBoacrBoro x norPe6neHueTO npaBrT 3aaaliaTa 3a aaanTeqrlf Ha a{3ai8a Krr.l

Cnoxaocrra npn cuaaaaxero xi rosara 40 ronrra creneH ce o6ycnaB, or o6crorrencrBoro, qe ocraBar HeParPa6oHayKa

cTP€

ce PrxosoauH

Aa 3arBlPAur,r cBonre

r4rBoar, a oT xenaHle aa qyeF (oHcrpyK'

Moxe 6, eaHo or Ha;-BaxHrre nocnea" crBn, oT Pa3Brrre1o 8a Au3aiHePcxara HayKa ute 6rae HeiHaTa cruMynHPaula Ponr 3a +opMxpaHero ,, pa3BHTnelo Na qrn KoHflnexc oT Hayxn, n3ygaaaqr r3xycrBeHara xx3HeHa cpeaa, (oero Ha cBoi Pea ule hHa orpo Ho 3Ha'{eHve 3a onPeaenrHeTo Ha nl1l!ulaTa :ta no-PaqxoHirrlHo H

HcrnHcKl,l qoBeuJKo ycsorBaHe Ha,,sToPara nPkPoaarr,

Haulrrr r<ohrpec nporr,,qa B rrKrlogr,lienHo 6naronP,,rTxl,lTe ycnoBlni Ha cnaaaHe Ha exayHapoaHoTo HanpexeH,ie, xouleH

,xnync 3a xoeTo aaae crseqaruero ra 6esonacHocru ctrpyAHnqecrBo B Espona. ,,LyEapHnrr pelynTaT oT cbBeqaHfiero, noagepra s caoero x3kaiBaHe r€HepanHxrr

cexperap xa l-lK xa Kl']CC n.h. SpexHeB, ce crcTo, B ToBa,9e nPoqectf Ha MexayHaPoaHoTo PasBeAprBaHe Bta Bce flo-aonrE o6e ce ntnHu c r(oHxperHo x HarepranHo crarpxaHre. B raaTepuanq3aq[rTa Ha pa3BeaprBaHelo eTo B KaKBo e crulrHaTa 8a H€LqaTa. ".- EnaropoAxr.rre qe,l( Ha HaTepkanx3l,lpaHero Ha pa3aeAprBaH€To o6eaHHrBaT HaPOAITe Ha CBeTa. T€ncTBo 3a ToBa e h HaLllrrT

noka3aHrre qenu He

rpko

€Br4ae-

(o8rpec, Ho

nPeTBoPrBar

xrao1a ca|,l1,3a Trx Tpr6aa 4a ce 6opMrr, Trxr,io r4ie rpr6Ba Aa ce rBopn l,l pa6oru. EflarorBops14rr npoqec Ha cnaAaHe Ha Hex" AyHapoAHoTo NanpexeHye cBAaBa Ao6pl ycnoBxr 3a rBop'{ecxo 06utyBaHe Ha AnraiHePM OT pa.i/.lrrlHx crpaHr, KoeTo u{e cnoco6crB/Ba 3a no-HararlurHoro parBnrHe Ha Tosh sra TsoPeecxa aeiHocT. B

POnt HA npooEcl4oHAnHhf, nprHoc HA npoMl4unEH14fl AI"/.SA,|H 3A XyMAH?,,.3l,4PAlHE HA OKOnHATA PAEOTHA CPEAA ,l{. COnOBAAPA

- ar{r:xax,

qenvTe Ha Pa3nvqHvTe cnoeBe

Tpyaoarre rnononyxr, On3rvecxrre

06L{ecTBo-

ncrx{9ecKt 3a6ontBaHtt nPeacTaBhtBar roflrH 6rq, Texxa 3ary6a 3a Ipor3aoAcrBoro ll Texxo 6pexe 3a opraH(3aqrrre ,a coqrarHo ocrryprBaHe. TexHonorrqecxurr,r rxoxodk'{ecx&rr nporpec aexyieHr3xpar pa60rHara oxorlHa cpeAa. CoqtanHoro lt l,!xoHo-

r.rrqec(o B!3AeicrBre Ha ra!l., cnoxHocr Ha

npo6neHrre npeAr3Br{xBar 3arprxeHocr-

Ta Ha npaBrrencisafa, pe6oToaarenrTe11

rPyaequre

ce !e xyilaHu3sPaHero Ha Pa6oTSaTa oKonHa cPeaa. flpr6nrarrrenxo BceKlr aeceru pa6orHrlr{ e 3acerHar or TPyaoBa 3nononyi<a {nx oT npo$ecHoh:rr1Ho ra6orlrBaHe.

06r,rxxogexo pa6orHrqrre ce onnaKsar

oT nPrko

Sa6enexvMo 3a6onrBaHe, KaTo HanPrtlep (bM3rigecxn Heaocrarrq, oT exa-

HrqHo ecTectao B o6rlacr.ra Ha tPt6HaKa lann KpaiHrql1Te.

yaosnerBopeHrero or rpyaa snxre s!p-

xy o6uroro

HaraxaaHe xlH ycnoBrrra Ha Btpxy flcnxgqecKo1o PaBHoBecre.

xxaoT ,l f]pasoro Ha nrgHocrra ]a crrHynxpalqa x ,HrePecHa Pa6oTa ce nPrer4a 3a xaean Ha o6rqecrBoro. Ka(To 6e 3arBeHo Ha EBponeicxara xoH{epeHqrr Ha npoQecxoHarHxre ct}o3r Ipe3 1975 r. B XeHeBa, B HHoro crpaH, ce npo-

Bexaa npotpecvBHo 3axo|o4atenciBo no

O6craxosxa l. rlxoHoirqecl<a crpyKrypa! yp6a8r-

3aqrt

3a eArH HHoro Kbc flepxoA ce norygkxa rone}ll4 npoHeH, B nPoqeHTHaTa 3aeTocT Ba HaceneHrleTo

Pa3nxqHh ocHoBH, nPo-

or lllBeqxr aasar TInr9Ha KaPTrHa Xr CXTyaqsrra B noBeqeTo ,anaaH11 nporxLrine|o PasBxTx crPaH11 nPer ,3Te(nala Toar Ha. 3aerocrra B teieaenleTo tr px6apcrBoro e 6%, B rlrlHrre { nporaruJrlel0%, Aocrr^ 27yo, crpolrencrBoro - ycnyrr,3aeaHo c (oHyHirnHnre a ce(roPrT ycnyru 56yo, (l) HapacrBaqolo xKoHoSecla{. Llr0poBrre aaHBI

Hr9ecKo- Pa3Brrre, noBrLiiaBaHeTo 8a xr!HeHoyo p,rBHx qe, yp6aHs3aqHtralr nocneaBanrr€ coqnanrfv nPoiexrl ca a nPrl(a BPr3ka

c Stproro pa:urprBaHe Ha cekropa /cnyrrre. ToBa

pa3L!xpeHre u,te flpoarn-

xaBa, Tli (aTo PacrrqoTo noTPe6neHxe h3rc(aa nocneaBaulo noaarPxaHe Ha 3aKyneHrTe u3aenrr. flpe3 nocneAHrre l5 roarH}l crpyKrypure Ha nPeanPrrTrrTa ce l,!IleHrxa qpe3 yeaPtBaHe, o6eaMHrBaHe x cnrBahe. To3x nPoqec e nocneasqa oT cso6oaHaTa rrProBll, B ,crbBxrTa Ha Koflr{yPeHqrr. ToBa ao6Pe

,3AeCrHO Pa3Brrre ErPBx naPanenso c aPyra, He raka ao6pe no3HaTa nPoHrHa, 3aMecr-

oTHor.leHke Ha oxPaHara Ha rPyaa. B csernrxara Ha o6lqecrBeHoro BHlrr.laHrre TeHAeHqrrTe x KPaaKocPoqHxTe n PorHosr,r,

BaHeTO Ha aKqroHePnTe B tlcTuHcl(oTo ynpaxHrBaHe Ha Bnac.r.ra Ha .rexHoxPaTlTe, OnncaHgrr npoqec Hirnara ronrHa rbB-

3HaqgTeneH nprHoc

crna. yp6aHv3aqrlrra npearlsrKBa, xakro B c&HarHaBrr, Taxa}l aPy-

clqeTaH,

clc

crulrHaTa Ha ar3aiHePcKaTa

npo(becur, rrJaHcoBefe

{3rnexlaT o6eqaBaulr.

[lP$

nocneaHrle

HTXOnXO rOAnlll,t Cl(aNArfi aaCKUTe

,iar afi6xqsrra aa 6raaT

AmaiHepU BKrlrogeHx B

nnaHnPaHeTo x as3aiHa Ha Pa6oTHaTa oKonHa cpeaal, Ha nPolr3BoacTBeHyTe nPoqecx,

ToBa s(nlogBaHe n3IcKBa no-ia.q.hn6oqeHo no3iaBaHe Ha Horo cPoaHl1 axcqrnnrHs. CrqecrByBar roreiu pa3nr'.rrs iexay 22

ro, (orrro He 6uBa aa ce nPehe6PerBaT.

(aBocT

cnoco6Hoar

nPxcnoco6iBaHe

Ha pa6orHara

raae, noHrxaBaHe fla 6rlaToclcrorHrero,

arnxaulo ce Ha lt3ocTaBaHe Ha ycTaHoBeHure noPrarr, Ha rPyaHo aaanrl,lPaHe , coqlanHa

vronaqrr. Te3, ctnnrollr ca

npeKaIeHo

noaqepraH, B o6qecrBara, B xoraro BllcoKaTa ric1oTa Ha HaceneHrero aarxPa or-

2. TexHororrgecxo pasBrrxe, rpya 3a crpaHvre c srcoK riaqxoHareH npoayr{T tl}{A'lc'tPuanfie,,]-y, crc croTBeTHr r,i3 e-

HeHU' B r,rXOHOi|rKaTa, yp6aHrsaqrrra npea-

cTaBnrsa TPyaeH nPoqec.

oraenHrTe

nrqHocTu ca nPexxHar, irHoro 3aPaalr sPrsKr c rpaarilxrTa, Hanprrep, xre par9rTaHe ace noaege Ha cb3aaaeHara or qoBeKa oxonHa cPeaa, HanPaanrBaHa

u xo8-

oT Texsonorurra. xoarr Ha Texxonorr9ecKoTo Pa3BIT{e tt'a He136exHo 6ronorr,{Ho, coqranHo !! xynrypHo BBAeficrBxe. Hepasrorepxoro pa3B{rre e pa3pytuyno ycnoBxrra ra pasrosecr.re. Cr.r' rPorlr,lPaHa

cTeiaTa Ha nnaHrPaHe 11 TexriocrpyKTypara, B pa3rrlqHL cTeneHr ca ce oTxnoHunl4 oT rnaaHaTa laaaga 3aaoBoniaaHe Ha 06qecTs6ro,3a ae -nPecneaBaT cBorTa eroryaerr'laBaHe Ha neqan6ule. crr4qHa qen

- rpya ce llliepsa no xonxnoroxeflHrr qecTBo I ce lannaula cto6pa:xo roea. Efex'

Tl,rBHo.Tra l, yEenxqaBaHeTo Ha nPoayKqlrr-

ra ce noaarPxaT ,r PrKosoArT oT Pa6oTHr,r Hopxr. PasnpeaenrHeTo Ha 3annautaHero cnoPea Pa6oTHrre noP , ce nlBrpuBa oi ct3aaaeHrTe 3a qeITa u3YxcnrTerH[ 6a3[

xrr flpeanprrrxrra.

[lpotfecroxanxure crro3tl ca crsaan, pa6orH, Hoprr, no cBo, (PrrePsy, KaTo ca onPeaenxnH l.rfislllanHa

u iakcrllilJlHa c.reneHx

tPyaa.

Hai-cnonygnxsurr Knacllqecxr npMi!ep 3a Pa6oTH' HoPlrt,l

iloHTaxHaTa

nrHrr.

cBrPraH, c +x3rqecKaTa yHoPa. nPv re3x cryqag HexaHu!aq[rra no-cKopo onpeAent Te noTo, HopFarrlxpa pa6oTaTa l. r3rcxaa BPeMeHHX STPXOBHIT ycrnUr, OCO6eHO TPyAHl,t 3a no-at3PacrHrte Pa6orHxqn.

nonyasroxar[.iHtire fl poqec, Ha npov3BOACTAO, rlrnl,l|Hl,l 3a CtBpeietHara npo-^ r,!r,!L!neHocT, npoHeHrr xapaxTepa Ha ynlo-

para, MauirHaTa onPeaen, Teinoro, a

6orHll(rr crasa oprAl,re

Pa-

Ha riaurrHara, xaro

xoineScvpa Hr(ov oT HeiSrTe TexHrqecxl, HeaocraTlqr, cpeqar.re crr{nroru xa xpoHr,!qha yHoPa, ncrxraLrecKo HanPexeHl,te rr yaPexaaHe He 3aPeBeTo. OqaKBaHara nlnHa aaroitarr3aql, ul€ noe e qrroTo nPoxrBoacrBo x ute aonPrHece 3a nonoxrrerfioTo BrsaeicaBrle Ha qoBexa srPxy auJrHara. Asec aaloHaTr3aqxfra ce

nocpeqa c no-,aarnKo eHTycxa3ln. nPet1r!HaBaHeTO Xtlt aaro aTrraqlt He ce n3alPuJBa c oqaxsaHolo Tetlno. Hanprrep npr rroro aBTOHaTr3rPaHr nPOqecr, xanaqxrerbr Ha qoaeurKL KoHrpor Btpxy xaqecTBoTo Ha

nPoayKrlriTa onPeaen, let|noro e(FeKT{BHocr Ha

qrnara

He}raqnrenHsre

no srlHoct

onepaqxM,

nonyKru npo+ecroHirnHxre +X!nqeCXrTe, Taka

3a6onrBaHe,

ncMxl,lgecKrle,

rexno nnn crrrt,yn. AKo pa6or-

He catlo B3e aT cKtnr qoaeux[ xePTar, HO nPeACTaBnrBaT ronrlra riry6a 3a nPo[r-

NUqrTe uHaT nPaBo Ha loBa, npor3BoarrenHOCTTal.1 CneAOBarenHO rXOHOtlrqeCkOTO PiBSrTre HOraT Aa 6raaT lacTPauJeHx. KoHQnxxrLT HexAy opxeHTrpaHeTo xti neean6a n coqranHara crpaHa no-cneqyanHo

ocxryprBaHe. TexxonoTvqecxnnr v vxosoisqecl(xrT xanPeAr( aexynaHr3rPaT Pa6oTHaTa oxorHa cpeaa. coqgaflHoTo l,! l,!KoHoirqec(oro st3aeictare Ha To3lt xoHnnexc or

Pa6orhril(rr He Hoxe Aa onpeaen,

co6.rBeHo

cBoe

EexAy 3a3osonrTenHaTa Pa6orHa o(onHa

cpeAa ,i e+ekrrBHocrra Ha npox3soAcrsoro

BOACTBOTO 11 Te)l(*O

6peie

3a COtlranHOTO

npo6neHr nPea[3BrxBar ronria 3arpMxeHOCT OT CTpaHa Ha

nPasHTerCTSara, Pa6OTO-

aarenrTe, rPyaeulvre ce 3a xyxaHxst{PanlpBvre AHla Ha eHrycua3tH ce cHrraure, qe Ka(To tiexaHrlaqrrTa, Taxa, aBToHarrlB

3aqrrTa ca

clclolHre

aa PeLrlaT itHoxecTBo

rla

HaBr3Hr4KHanU nPO6neHx. MexaHx3aq HCTTHa peuJ, HrKoH nPo6neH11 Ha OntrqecKOTO HatOBaPBaHe t,l nPorBhTe Ha crnHa yxopa. B saqanoro Ha nPoqec,Te Ha o6Pa-

60rl(a o6a,ae HHUineHOCf

Hxe

Iltro3Sa qer a nor3a Ha nPoHrlr,lneHocrra, a He Ha goBeKa, *akTo Ht4 y6ex.qaBar aa arPaalre.

3. npox3BoAcrBo, norpe6neHre

Tri

clcTor-

Ha Pa6ora,

crciHocT, claceE earecrBeHo e aa ce no-

He e B

Bcrr{kr eranv 4; orcrPaH,

HeTO Ha pa6orHara okorHa cpeae. AHec ce nprelra, rre Ha6nrraHero Ha HayKara r rexHonorrrra B 11rHanoio l,t aHec cTaaa c TeHAeH-

Karo xonx,.recrleHara onpeAenrexocr e nrPBocTeneHHa cToiHocT Ha crcre aTa 3a nnaHxPaHe I xoPaTa acll!rnvPaT Ta3]r

ropcKara ta MxHHara npo-

-llexaHu3aunrTa

ri8oro. HeTlPnuila e PonrTa, c KorTo ce Harbp6sa npoxruneHocrra 3a Aa y6eAh xoiara Aa koHcyirpar noBeee. Ae B3eier

nPrieP PeKnaiaTa, ca o rorlet,rre npeanPrltll,l, HOraT Aa Cl., nO3AOnlT Aa flOXaP'{aT HeBePorTHrl cylrl, 3a TrProBcKa PexnaHa

no TerleBISIiTa, EaHo

tlHoToHaqroHanHo

aKqroHepHo apyxecrBo c xnoH BrB OrHnaHA!, nnaula 3a TP,! nPeAaaaHrr no rpraeceT cexyHAx, n!n!qeHlr B Hai.noaxoaru,lo Epe e cyHa or 234,000 rqarcxl1 aonapa. 3a aa peKnailupa xaKso? LIJoxonaaeHr npr,rxr, mProox-grnc l,lflr coneHxr. Mfloro oT Hac He rrabPxaT. Kot,flaHrnTe, nPeanaraulx xacoBa KoHcynaqxr, He ca oPneHTrPaH, B

cBorre texHonorq, xttl Toaa! KoeTo

nore3Ho rn, TPaiHo. Te nPeAnovrTaT nocxopo oHoBa, l(oelo ce nPoaaaa ao6Pe x (oeTo ce nPeanara. 3a Aa ce y6e4r norpe6rTenr, noBeqero or HoBoBrBeaeHxrra noaqepraBar HoBocra 3a cieTKa Ha ToaHocTTa 3a 3aaoaoniaaHe Ha norPe6HocTTa, r3ntnHeHvero, TpaiHocrra l, TexHrgea*a1a Kol'-

aBto arn3rPaHff nPoqec.

cieHHara Pa6ora x tl3onaqt4rta cit Htxot! oT HexeflaHnre e(be&rn, BIB Bcr,i,{kr,r crpan, I Ha BcrqKx paBHxqa Ha nPottruJneHo PasBurl,te TPyaoBrTe 3noKaKTO

ou.lprr le3rr, r(ohTo xapqaTll koHcyrrpar

PaBHvqero Ha norpe6neHue

cm']alr-

HaBCXITe CTPafl}l AOCT{rHa AO HantnHO fleonPaBAaHo HxBo oT noqT, Bar!{a rneaxa

foqka. B nPexareHo iHoro cnyqa, fiauaTa AeiHocr Karo AntaiHep, 3a 3aAoBoniaaHe

llaTepxanHrre u ayxoBHx Hyxa, Ha noap€6[Terr, ea8axao ioxe aa 6!ae noaJloxe]ia Ha ctiHeHre Ka(To PonrTa Ha Pexfiaiara.

OxpaHa Ha rpyAa B cxaBArHaBaxxre crpaH]i

l. npoirauneHa xrrreHa, eproHorlffi

nporrtulneHara xvrl,leHa 3aeia rpaHrqHo

tltcTo iexay EeaIqIHaTat,l IHxeHePHaTa Hayxa, KaTo Bkn}oqBe ene eHT, oT aBeTe

arcqrnrrflrr.

Or nayrrre,

ranr,rxasauqr,l ce c

nelponolrita 3aeia aenrHe

BaxHo

,rHepsaxnr,

lltcfo

3a onpePellaBaHe nPo6ne rTe, Br3Hnx-

HaII C HOAgTe TeXHOnOTltlt. He Ca PeA(U cnyqaxTe, KoraTo r3HePBaHeTo cTaBa caioqen. ycraHoBeHo e crLqo, qe curypHocrrar,l toqHocTTa Ha,,o6eKTuBHrTe n3HepBaHtt" BaPrPar.

Oparosrte croirocrr ca HeotixoAsHr.

Teru, r(ollto ce ,lnon3yBal g cxaHArHaBC{xre

crPaHx ca B]ar|icrBysaH}l or SreTo Ha uyha r oco6eHo Ha

CAl4. BnHirorx c HHoro 23

HrcKa '{ecroTa HanocrealK nPrBnuqa cneqMarHo BHriaHre. [']PI,l cerauJHoTo Pa3Boo6paiye Ha rexHonorrk Pa3norlara e c rHo-

cpeacrBa,3a aa nPeAna3lrH xoPara or

BPeAHoTO Brlr,rrHIe Ha tuyMa.

lYHoro ca npo6[eHrre, cBrpaH, c npeanPxrTxrTa 3a nporl3BoacTBo Ha xrH}lxanlt, Pa3TBOPT{Tenx 11 nenuna! B KorrTo ce norBr-

BaT Heo'{a(aa8r! x HexenarenHh BBAeicrart. Bcr(a roArHa caito slB (DrHnaHAff ce s{nloliBar B nPolllluneHt,l nPrnoxeHrt ,O00 HoB[ xHnuKanx. KoHcrarrpaxl, ca crHePreTxqHt,l aeicTBl.lt, Ho !lHoro ianxo l.{eaxqnHara B o6rlacrra Ha npolrntuneHaTa xrrreHa ,!ia HoBI Saaaqr, cBtP3aHu c nprcnoao6xilocTTa Kr Pa6ora, rPaHxquTe Ha orKnoHeHrr oT Korl6oPTa. nPe3 nocnea-

HrTe HiKOnKO rOArHr,r B [IJBeqxt , Ottll,IAflAT' CA U3BTPLIJEHX }IHOTO '3CIIEABAHTf, x3BtPUBa fla, TpyaosaTa aeiHocT, r(otTo ce

npx ycnosx, Ha Brcoxx TeHneParyPl4. aPyr nPxHeP 3a reHAeHqhiTa,a }r3cneaBaHe Ha xolr6rHrpaHrTe OaxToPlr e nPeanPreroro or cBeroBHara laPaBHa oPraHrsaqrt l,l3cneaBaHe B o6nacTTa Ha crPAeqHo-cbaoBure aereHePaqxlr. Pa3npocTPaHeHvero Ha roBa 3a6ontBaHe e Horo ronrio B l.l3loqBa <Dnxnananr. flpr,r ro3r,r Br,ra tr3creaBaH}rt croTHoLleHreTo iexay nPnqlrHe s clea-

cTBUe O)l(e TPyAHo Aa Ce ycfafioorl! Ho ce HaIara a3e eHeTo Ha flPeanalxx ePKg, EproHor.rr,!rra nocrenexHo pa3urp}l cBorTa coepa Ha nprnoxeHr!e. Eproxorr.rrra

Ha crcTenrre e onPeaerle8tle Ha ePaoHor.1rrra! xorro pa3pa6orBa xeroA, 3a aHanx3 Ha B3axxoaeicTBreTo Hexay qoaeK-r4aurrHaneaarorH gecKara eproHoHffi xrpae BaxHa porlr nPr o6yvexre r Pa3nPocTPaHeHve Ha 3HaHrr cPea cnyx(Yenx! Pa6oroaarenti, yqeHlrql1 v cTyaeHTu oT Pa3nrqHu Axcqv_ nnrHr. 14HQoPr.laql1rra 3a eProHo rrqeckrTe nprHqrnfi Tpr6Be no ecrecrBeH nlr aa Haanele B ocHoBHafa reP rfionoTr,, Ha Bcel(x flpoeKTaHT I Ar3a;Hep. Heo6xoAl,lio Hr!

e ao6Po ocBHaBaHe Ha cloTlloueHleTo TpyA/3Apase. Hrxonxo npurepa or <Dux-

npo+ecxoHanHxre c!lo3x o6yqaBar ro-

Haa 2000 npeacraB,lrenx Ha oraeaxruHo n,re no

oxPaHa Ha rPyaa;

nPe3 oocneAHure HrKonKo roahH,

cpeAcrsata 3a macoaa rr{opraurr ce urnofllyBaT aKTxBHo 3a nonynrpl,lrnpaHe Ha eproHorrr4r1a e BKntoeeHa

ro- Na rHxeHepts"r!

kavecrsoTo ce e noAo6prno; B) TexygecrBoro Ha nepcoHana e Hatlanr-

o6yLreBr€

xaap,r u afranhepxrc

2. CaiocrorrenHx pa6orHx rpynl 6op6a c AyuresHrre pa3cTPoicTBa oTroBapt Ha KynTypHoTo pasHnqe s c(aHArHaBcK[Te cTPaHr. nPal<rrrrec(uTe eKcnepfiieHTx sanoqHaxa nrpBo B HopBerx, no HacroiBaHe Ha npo+ecroHanHyTe cllo3x B Haqanolo 8a 60-re roaxHx, TopcpfiA , EHrpx prKoBoAxxa saxH, npoeKTx. Cr. Toar,r r,rero4 Ha

pa6orHnq{Te xtraT no-Bt

coKtA

c'tutl'ln,,

Ca no-aoBonHr.

BaHe ela onrra Ha Caa63aBoA 3a lloHTrpale Ha aBroxoBtB OrHnaHA[r. 3a nnaHxpaH€ Ha

3a or6en

BanHer

6Hnl,l

Heo6xoArr|oTo pa3ua,!prBaH€ Ha 3asoAa 6'rna c+opr.rrpaHa cneqlanHa rpyna, B xorro ca BKnrcqeHr aocTaTrqHo pa6oTHxtlh. Cnea noBeve or eAHoroAtlulHa pa6ora Ha HoBl,!, 3aBOA aAMMHrcTpaTrBHXrT

Hy AnpexTop 3ar-

ulecTByBilna x&noTe3al4 qe xopaTa ca cKnoH-

srsa creaHoTo: ,,EeoiraHrshpaHeTo

H,l Aa UlBrpurBar noBeqe pa6oTa oT Ta3x, nPleTa a TPyaoBrTe aoroBoPu. Cetpraxrre c pa6orara hyxal, ce onpeae-

fi3EO,qCTaOTO

N'T NO CNCAXTf, HAg'H: Hyxaa or xerraHa Pa6ola;

- ryx4a or pa6on ctc caHocTorTenHocT - B3eiaHe Ha PeureHffii nP, Hyxaa of noBrurasaHe Ha l(sanr+r(a- no BPe e 8a Pa6ora; qnrTa Hyxaa oT nPr3HaHre;

- Hyxaa aa ce cBrPsBa xxaoTa 8a o6ulecTBoTo;

nrqHaTa Pa6oTa

H/xaa aa ce cBrP3Ba Pd6orara c nr,rH, oqaxBaHr, 3a 6raeqero. OnrcEar ce cpeacrBara 3a noao6prBaHe karo Pa3Hoo6Pa3re, ToqHocT, nPrroaHocT Ha Pa6orHu, llr4Krn, no3HaBaHe Ha qenxrel,l

roxe aa 6rae

pa3r1,'.}r, creneHx. Kpr,rrepu rare aa nei

r.rara

caHocTorTenHocT nPl.r x36oPa Ha He-

npor3BoArrenHocrra

cahoctorTenHocT

Pa3nPeaerreHrero

nP,

PeuiasaHe

Ha TPyaa B rpynafa. a Caa6-CxaHra ca nposeaeH, nlPBoHaqirnHI eKcnePhileHTl!, (ouTo ca ao-

UJaer.lran

ao nPoHeHlr B nPaKTxxaTa. onyT-bT Ha lBBeCTHtiTe SaSOAll BOnBO Ce npeAaSa B

Benl/l

a) ptxosoacrBoro (uexoaere) e npeaocTaBeHo Ha

qexoBl,

nepcoHan;

npoxruneHocTTa.

$eTo P$ynTaTrTe ca nonoxrrenHr, iaKap ee l1KoHolllrrTe ca kocBeHr, l,| Tp/aHo ce

oaaaBaT Ha u3gtlcnraaHerr.

Pa6oroAaren l,l pa6orHxq, rhar noroxr4TenHo oTHouJeHre Kb oPraH[raqrrTa 8a pa6oTaTa cra caliocrorrenHr! pa6oT|r rpy-

ny, Moxe Aa ce oqakBa no-HaTaTtK Aa 6tae st3npreTa BtB Bcl,i9l<l,t cxaHArHaBcKr,t cTpaHlr. Oal(T e, 9e gact o1. npoil.ttlneHocrra e

at3nprena ToBat xafllTanoanoxeHriTa

pa6oTHara oKonHa cpeAa x HoAepHfi3rpaHeto Ha Pa6oTsxTe nPoqec, He orHaqaBa HenpetleHHo yBenr'{eHa npor3BoanTenHocT.

3, Hacol()t 3.1. hxosoixgecKx

arporHo3t,l

loarrunrqr rKoHor,rqeckn nprptcr

nPoHruJneHo pa3BrTxTe cTpaHg Bt3nll3a Ha 4-4,5yo la nocnealhie l5 roaraHr. Cnopea

noBegeto rkoHol rqeckl npoiHo3ll

To3r,t

n Po qe HT U.le cn

aAHe Ao 2--:2,5yo npes sAHu re ro4raxu. Toaa pa:aur,le ute t,r a cneaHyre

rPynr; caiocTortenHoct flo oTHouJeHre oP- 3a /flPaMeflre 8a TPyaa; raHa

npo-

clutara, KagecrBoro ce noBru,I,r, a TeKygecTsoTo Haranr. o6qo

caiocToirenHocT nPu c+oPir4paHe

aertloKPaTx3nPafle

Pe3ynTaTxTe, HaToBaPaaHe c aonrnHrTenH, 3aaa'tr, none3HocT Ha aaaeHa pa6oTa BrB BrB APr3Xa C APyrX.

Cauocrorrenxocrra

Xll Ocrrypx Hoaa KpagKa *rM

KoflrqecTBeHoto Pa3arTxe

- B (aqecrseHo; he8,t r(oHqenqrrra

qe ce x3-

norpe6Hocrxre qe

fi3ieHr, Tlli KaTo yaapeHrero qe

c€

naaHe

BIPXy OnTXMirnHOTO nOTPe6neHre; 3aulrTaTa Ha noTPe6rlenure ute ce parurrpl,l c pa3Brrrero Ha laKoHoaarencrBofo 11 r(oHcyiePr3ia; xl(o8o,fl.rcTrTe ule pesx3r,lpaT aeorHxqr, -{Te 3a xaPxerrHr y pa3BBTre Ha ll34eB p$).r1rar

ropHoro, epe3 /ctBlpureH-

cTayBaHe Ha lrlaennira u]e ce no4o6prT BsarHooTr.rouJeHfirTa nexay napTHEopalre B

crcTeraTa, xKoHotltlKaTa, npo[3aoacTsoro !l iaPKeTrHra. Pa3BrTsero Ha y'zaeny^ra qe ra6as, Ter.rnoTo cl.l !auloro aonrnHnTenHy xPxTepx! xaTo coqxanHa cToiHocT tqe Tpr6Ba aa ce BKhroqaT s flpoqeca. KaqecTBoTo x arnroTpaiHocTTa Ha h3aenyeTo

ule ce noBruJaT, KaTo ce o6rpHe noserre

BHrXaHre Ha Ka[aqriTeTa Ha ]BAenXeTO HeTOBaTa CnOCO6HOCT

Aa 3aAOBOnrBa no-

Tpe6HocTra, Ovear,l4xo

ruuutoro

patxo-

o6palre Ha r3AerlrrTa ule ce orpaHxrrx! a Pa3rrxaTa qe ce cBeae ao pa3rhgHr4r xanaqTTET.

[lpeA, Aocra

BpeMe

Ilyxc MlHoopA

SarB{,l, qe IMa trcHa ,cToprqecka Bpt3Ka €xay TexHonorMrTa, KorTo eaHo o6qec.rBo ycBorBa

Heroarl.re cipeM€xu 14 cr,tcTeMH Ha OqeHka. r'lpea,l aa hacTbn14 Hrxa(Ba Baxsa npo rHa B TexHonorxrTat Tpi6Ba aa

HacT.Enl4 npo rHa olHoLleHrrTa KOneXTIBHOTO XenaHye Ha HaPOAa.

l{ou

xaro

reu orHorleHr,

ieHrr, nHal,l Tpr6Ba KaTO

,BHo ce npo-

Aa ,Ma HaAexAa,

T.bi1

l,|ila r3aecTHa o6qa Bp$Ka iexay

oTPacnrTe

o6qecTBaTa (r(oHo|1rcTrr Ax-

3aiHep, B npoHnuineHocTTa).

B o6nacrra Ha oxpaHara Ha rpyAa BHIHaHreTo qe ce HacoqBa or [3IPaBrTehHrTe Kll.l npeBafiTrBHrre repxy. 3a Aa ce nosrulll paBHrutero Ha pa6oTHaTa o(onHa cpeAa Ao

PaBHrqeTo Ha nocTaEeHrTe

qenr, ule

Heo6xoAxtlM oxono 9o/o,qonrnHrrenHu rH6ecTMqroHHr,r Pirlxoau. crqnrr rsTo,{ H r,r K TSTPAT! 9e rPr6Sa Aa Ce AKnloqe1 B npeaBrxaaHriral, l0 ro4nar ea rxepqrr npe4r.r TexHrgecxrre npeycrpoicrBa Aa craHar 3!ia-

qsTenHs, !a aa Horar aa nPear3BrKaT ro-

3.2. Pa36rBaqr ce crpafi, Texr.ronoryrra ce r.raxecBa, 3a Aa ce noBeae 6op6a cpeu.ly rraAa , G€aHocrra B pa3n{qHr coqranH, ycnoBlrr, nPl1 Korro xopaTa hHaT i:rnKo apeie Ae ce rnanrrpar. Aopy npl,

Te noTo Ha

pixrBl,lTxTe

cfpaH, nHAycTpra-

nM3aqrira ce e npoBena rpyaHo. c rra ce (no AaHHx Ha OOH), qe rLn xpar Ha Be(a

I nrrroH Ayr!, rralHo

p:EBrEarqrre ce cTpaH, ule ca ce nPecenrrx ! rpaao. Bere. ToBa Aala nPeAcraua 3a Eaula6a Ha

eHeHrrTa B rKoHol'lxxara, rHAycTpra-

nr3aqurra , coqfianH le npoHeHl,l, xa*ro ta PaSBrrxTe, Taxa l. la PaStIlau.lHTe ce crpaHx, Heo6xoarrrarr npoqec Ha rHAycrpranxraqH, rcnara Pa6oTHrqrT€

PinBiBautrTe c€

cTPaHl, Ha HOBX OnaCHOCTn, KOyTO AO

cTeneH He

raa{cll ITe

ronr

xorar Aa ce KoHTponrpar.

AKo

cTPaEr, atSflPIeitaT HanpaBo 3a-

naaHffi r1oaen Ha fiHAycTPlranxraqnr, noHe eaHo noxoneHre Pa6orHrq,r ure 6!ae nPeHe6perflaro.

AHec rexHonor"}lre npeAnarar irHoro KOH6'!HaqMfi

6neH B erana

peuraaaHe Ha 4a4eH npo-

Ha nnahrpaBe

rpr6sa Aa

Bxnp'{r r r360pa Ha peLjieH{r,3acrTaul, ocHoa8aTa qoBeuJxa

cToiHoct. Pa3BxEaulhTe

aaBaT cfietxa, qe nPoqeclT Ha xHAycTPl4anxsaqx, TPr6aa aa ce nPxaPyxaBa or noaxoaru]l4 nPorPaHrl 3a oxPaHa Ha TPyaa.

ce cTPaHv lice noaege

4. nprHoc Ha Artaixeprre B npo.

ltliulreHoctta

4.1. npotlrtJneHrrr a[3aiH BrB

Bpr3Ka

crc

cl4cTeHrTe Ha nnaHHPaHe u xaPKeTrHr HoBoro paiBrrre Ha AH3a;H€pcxara npo-

+ecffi B

ckaHArHaBcKvre crpaHl' xalrcxBa

nPePasrnexaaHe Ha BPt3l(aTa exay dicTeHtlTe Ha nnaSuPahe x Ha na3aPrlte.3a Ta3u

qen a3 c€

oTH€cox ao KHlraTa Ha Ax.K. f an6pair,,t4KoHotlrKala 06ulecrBeHa qen". B rnaBa,,l43{ycrBara na3aPrlte" ioxe aa ce nPoqeTe cneaHoTo: ,,XyAoxHr,flGT no npxpoAa e xBAr,iB{AyaneH flpeanpreHaq!cs,rKHan aa 6!ae He3aBrcH ,

TOi Xe Ce nOAAaBa 3xPaHe.

C TOTOBHOCT Ha OpaaHn-

Tosa ra Hero 6tr o3HaqaBaro aa

noxeprByBarBopqecKara qrnocr. XyaoxHrqMie cqu.raT oPtafiu3aq!r'ra 3a orpaHl,qABAHC HA UHAl.lB,rAYANHOCTTA

l,l

lBOP.

qec(aTa cnoco6HocT. Marap npo{ecronanhcrnre s o6nacrra Ha nprnoxHvre l,rKycrBa, apxrre(Ture la ArsaiHeprTe Aa He ca y6eAeHv, Aantr lKoHoisqec{oro cApy-

xeHre ,nH nrgHoTo oxoncTao HaapexaaT Ha xyaoxecTBeHrre nocrnxeHl,r, cnoHeHaToTo no-roPe,,o6ulecT3efio cxBautaHe" ce nPorBrBa B HauJeTo crTPyaHxgecTBo c op-

ruHnlaqruTe

KaqecTBoTo

<a'{ecTBo Ha alacoBo

nporlBeaeHrfe no-

rpe6rTencx, cToKx ce arnxx Ha cna6oro snrrHve

au3aiHepa BrPxy rPynaTa, xorTo

a3eHa PaLrie'lrre.

O6xKHoBeHo t,AHraiHepcknre are-

nrera"

He ca

TeceH KoHiaKT c ocTaHanaTa

'{acr Ha opraHs3aqxrra, !a aa ce r!6erHe orPaHx'{aBautoTo BnutHre atPxy TaoPgeA"3anHepcx, r(oHcyrrraqMu ce noAAtpKor,,To }rxar HyxAa, Ho He ce h3flonsyBar ranaHTnxB,rre clrPya-

xar or roneHrTe 0xp,rl,l,

Huqr, c Kor,rro Pa3nonaraT ilanK}lTe (pxP x. Tonria qacr or fiocrt!THarrre cLsper{eHr.llt t t(oHo rvecKx Pesynrar, 3aBxcrT oT xyaoxecTBeHo-ecTelxqecKITe KaqecTBa. 3a anKnre +xPiI ecrervqecKoro nPekxyutecrBo ocrryprBa npexrBiaaHero sti, Te!,1 KoHnaHxl, 06l,ll<HoBeHo o6cryxBar roPHxre cnoeBe Ha fla3aPa..

PaBHocroiHa qacr Ha cnequan{Saqrira e arHarfi oPraHn3aqrtTa, xorTo AaBa s!3xoxcneqr!arrcrr,rre aa Bnt3ar B Pa6oTHx C Apyal, Cneqgar(cTh 3a nocTrraHe Ha qrnocreH pe3ynTaT. B ronensTe (oPnoPa' qrl, aneqran{cTrTe 06Hesr xooPArlHxPaT uHooPtlaqrr nP, sseiaHe Ha PeureHue. B Hocr

KOHTaKT'

rexBocrPyKTyPara xonexrrBrr B3eia peueHgt. Konel(TrBHoro B3eiaHe Ha PeuleHre e aaToPnTaPHo, 3aqoTo qPe3 laPaBx, uHTpr6Ba Aa 3autrulaaa ce6e cr! oT HeaoclaTrqHo llHooPr.lr,!PaHh sTHUJH }r nxqa.

CTTHKT TO

TexHocrpyxrypara B!3fl pxeMa or6paHrrenHO nOBeAeH}'e CnPTHO nPaBrTenCTBeHrTe plKoBoauren}l eaHu or Hankoro xoPa, B Her. BlnPek' TOBa KOTTO Ce HaXeCSaT ll!nlnHHTenHl,lTe npaBMtencTBeHr oPraHrl xrBerr B trcHa cui6voSa ctc cllcrexara 8a nnaHrPa{e, KaTo flo To3, crPykTyPaTa €,r x3ro'{HrK, ar3 ocEoBa Ba KOiTO Ce ClCTaBrr HHOrO OT CTaHOBvqara Ha pr{oBoarreJrnre. Heka He 3a6PaBrt,e,

9e qenTa e pa3BlT[eTo. Te3M B!3tneal.l

Boarr Haquloro ch or

CeBepHa AilepllKa, Ho ca necHo npxcnoco6ri,i KbH ycnoBvrra B cKaHArHaBcKsre cTPaHH.

Bxnlo,.BaHero Ha Ar3aiHepxre B pa6o-

nocl!4fHaToTo.

rara no nnaHiPaHe1o xa oKonHara

xot,flaHrl,l pa3nonarar H€ c Hai-rrBecTHrTe TanaHTr, a c Hai-nprcnoco6eHrre nrqHocrr,r. 06laxHoseHo xucxoro

o'reBrAHx. Hefi36exHoro oct3HaBaHe

foneirre

cPeaa. ocHoBHaTa Pa3nrKa Hexay coqranHHre q€nH 11 q€nxTe Ha crcreMaTa 3a nnaHrpaHe cfaBa-r Ha He-

qara nopaxaa EHoro rpyAH, Blnpocn

or_

HocHo npooecroHanHoTo noBeaeH,!e, HanPrHeP: ,,TPr6Ba nx aa nPoatnxaBa reH-

aeHqrrTa

xril

cneqnanu3aqrr, 3a aa ce cneqe no-ronrEo anrrHre nPB Kone{ThBHoTO B3eHaHe Ha peueH,rr',, ,,KaKBo 6LAeqe ogaxBa oH$r,t, Koltlo fle ce Bl(nloqBa.r B 4.2. CneqranHrrr npkHoc.xa npoHxulneah3al,lHePl,

Cnrrar. qe e

yrrecrHo Tyl(AaceroBopn

,a npoQecroHanHff nprxoc. B nraanoro a opaKrH(aTa Ha nporruneHln, ar3aiH acnex_ rrre Ha rPyaa B nPor3BoacTBeH , nPoqec ca Ornt,l Hex3rcHeH

locera

Ta 8a

l, npeHe6persaHr,

xaLur.rrr npr.rxoc 6eure s o6nac r -

nPoeKTrPaHeTO

Ha CPeAcTBara:la

rPy4,6e3 r3pa.reHo BnurHxe Brpxy HrkaxrB cfleqrqreeH '(yHaHrrxpaH aCneKT Ha TpyAoBara aeiHocr. C!3fialenHo rlnri Her Hrie cHe BrHnanl,r

yvacrre B AexyxaHrsrpaHeTo

pa6oTHnre ycnoBxr. Tal<rs HexenareneH nPrHoc e Hanyqe HanprHep npl,l HenpeKrcHaTO npeopoexTllpaHe Ha ysaennr 3a y6exaaBaHe Ha noTpe6rTenr, MoraT, pas6rpa ce, aa ce nocoqaTll HHoro npnt'epx 3a nonoxxTeneH npxHoc. [']pohxr|,lfleHrTe arrlaiHepx ycnrxa aa o6eanHrT onuTa cu crc cneqranr3xPa8l' no3HaHx, no 6BonacHocT Ha Tpyaa, s nPoHnsrneHocrrExnrneHa x eproHor.r,ri . TpaAxq,oHHoro npo(pecyoHanHo cba!pxa,

Hocr, Ho e oqeBfiAHa Heo6xoAnHocrra Aa 6rAe yBenn,reH Ar3aiHepcx14, npxHoc 3a $eHaHe 8a npeBaHTxBHy Mepku. BknlogsaHeio Ha aH3aiHePrlIe B xyxaHl,supaHeTo 8a rPy,qoBaTa aeiHocT r,r3uc(Ba no-ao6po flosHaBaHe Ha CXOAHyTe Al,cqnnnhHn, Karo aonlnHeHre Ha ocHoaHoTo nposecroHanHo crArpxaHxe. ToBa 6r Horno Aa ce Hapeqe rexHoKpaTlreeH acneKT Ha B]npoca. Tpy.qHo e Aa olTaHeur 6€ry.racTeH KtH HecroTBeTCTBIeTO eXAy An3ariHa c xyMaHsr qenl, r. aHsaiHa ia crcTeha 3a nnaHupaHe.

Pa:nyxara e qenxre ce,r3pa3rsa B clnpoTraa ri olpnqaTenHo oTHouJeHtie Ha TexHocTPyKTyPaTa l(rH coqxanHu, HaTucK,

x BropocreneHH,l acneKTr! Ha oxpaHara Ha Tpyaa 3 aBeTe onpeaeneHh o6nacTn, B clqeTaHxe c Bt3MoxHocrr4Te Ha nPo+ecxotlanHra npaKrxxa, HOraT 4a AoBeAaT AO HrKOh nPUnO)(Url,r r4rBoar 3a nPooecxoHanHn, nPuHoc. Aa npeAnonoxxrr, qe eanH npoHnurneH A,13aiHep npHTexaBa HrKox oT creAHrTe Onr,rcanr,rre qeHTpanHx

Cnoco6Hocr Aa xo 6,iHrpa Ha Bl,A a eatlo tlrno. 2. Cnoco6nocr Aa c[HT$upa B rBopgecxara cu pa6ora. 3. Cnoco6Hocr Aa (oHxperr3npa ,!Aeu, HecBlP3aHX eneMeHTU

KOHqenqrll

acnl,Paqurl.

4. Cnoco6socr Aa noAArpxa

Hqe nPr,r aaaeHo PeueHre Ha AeTain, la aa -ce HailanrT onacHocTure rnr /llopaTa.

r,e:/{a,/ uaeiLruB Hoaen

nepkr 3a noao6praaHe Ha pa6orHrre ycno-

KaqecTBoTo yceT KrH a€Taira.

B rarr cnequ$rrxa o6nacr Ha gacTrqH&

Bxi ce

KPhe ronrrara xeo6xoaunocr oT noBHUreHo nPo+ecxoHanHo sHxHaHre Ha

Axra;Hepxre.

Orprqarennoro sBAeicrBre

Ha yHAy-

cTPrany3aqrrrTa x3nlKBa c ronrHa crna. Coquanr.rrrr xarracx e ra npeanpneHaHe 'Ha 3aarrxrTenH, tlepKl. 3a nocTuraHe Ha no-ro,lrho n3paBHrBaHe B 3aHe apeHrT€ 06-

nacT,r Ha 'roaeLlxir Tpya B eTanrTe Ha nnaHxPaHet4 Pa3BMThe Ha flpoH'rulneHrt nporpec. BrB otaHnaHA/,A l,l LlJBeqnr npoMruneHuTe a,!saiHepH ce cTpexiT 4a aaaaT

cso, nP[8oc Karo npo(pecyoHanxcr! H,!paHe

B nna-

npo€nTrpaHe Ha pa6orHa]-a okonHa

Tli xaro rrx'{rcneHocT e Hanxa, pe3ynTaTrte He ce oTnrlqaBaf c HacoBocT l,l penpe3eHTarl4BcPeaa HaTa

v Pa6orHrr€ npoqecr.

xP,lsaT

EOBa

O6nacr, TBrpAe nphBneKaTenHa

or r,rKoHof,,,qec(a rne4r.ra rovxa. Yseper.r c!, qe aHec ule ce r3He(aT olqe HHoro ,qoKnaAn no reHara,,Ar3aiH k:rpyA", Kolrro qe BKt'rloqBal HrKor4 oT onhcaHITe ene eHTfi la ure

o6tpHar sHrHaHrero Brpxy qenure

nPl,Hoca 8a ausaiHePyT€ B npoHyunesocT-

ra.

Ilpr

no-pr4xo cpeutautr! ce,qecro nrTu

eKcenePl,lt1eHTanH14, aHraxypaH,r 11r.]orocTPaHH'1 HeTOAe Ha nnaHupaHe u flpoexT[Pafle Ha pa6oTHaTa oKonHa cpeAa14 pa6oTHx

nPoqec! ax3aiHePlT

e B

cbcTorHxe,

oT8or.lreHre Ha o6o6utaBaqo nuqe, aa rMnyrcxPa l,l3nlnHeH6eTo Ha SaaaqaTa, KaTo rl3non3yBa none3Hu 3a qenTa eIeMeHtI oT cpoA8vre Hayx, n npofecru. Crc cnoco6-

Hocrra cu ra 6aP3o Harepranr3rpaHe Ha rael,l BrB Br4ar4M, r, oce-

nPoeKTaHTCKrle

3aexu +opr1li Tori Moxe aa nPear3BxKa

eHTyc&a3rn rr BrPa B ycnexa orue or

Hai.paHeH etan, B AonlnHeHxe Ha,,06,iKHoseHur" nPhHoc, KoraTo e aocrurHaTo Be\re HrBoTo Ha HaHePeHrre on3rqecKfi u3HepeHxr. ,l3secrH14 ca Mh caMo HrKonxo nPrllePa 3a np,Hoc or onxcaHffi BxA, Ho coqranHaTa aTMoa(pePa, KaKro HaqroHanHaTa, Taxa

HexayHaPoaHaTa, 'tacTHoTo y

o+rquanHo-ro o:rHoureHre,

paB€HcrBo

KoHKperHoTo pe-

5. Cnoco6nocr Aa nporBrBa ycer

KrM

5. flpaarnra opreHraur, (rE norpe6u-

7. AMarbopcKo KoHTponupaHe Ha npo6neHur€

oPrax, Ha lPyaa HoBoBrBeaeHrrTa 3a noAo6prBaHe Ha pa6oTHaTa oKonHa cpeAa or-

roBa Ha cneqxanDcr). Ha cpeAcrsara h optaxrra Ha TPyA pa3BXrUeTO Ha H34enrrTa ute npoJ'rqa rnaBHo no TpaahquosHr,,r HagrH. Heo6xoArMo e Aa ce Bxnloqx no-ur14poK cne(TtP CneqHanHocTx B pa3B,lTreTo Ha u3aenl,x.|.a nPeaaAA BlHruHrl, HaTyo( r PeaKqru Ga pasnkl<a o-r

B o6nacrra

Cnequanrcrure ca noa po6crBoro

o6qonpreroro y6exaeHqe n orry( re ca Hai- anKo B crcTorHre Aa npeABxxAaT

BrrfioxxocTuTe, xaxTo KoneKT(BHrte peL!eHM' Ha nPaAXnaTa X OTHOtUeHfirTa. B Au3arisa Ha urrporc raHa oT cpeACTBa u

ca 6naronpuirsr.! 3a xyl,taHxJr{paHeTo Ha pa6oTHaTa oKo/rHa cPeaa nocpeacTBo aHraxxpaHy MeTo4r, aonPxHacru,ll, 3a no-ao6poTo pa3fl peaeneHre Ha pa6orHxTe cxnr. LLloi seaFitx npaKruqec(urr npl,lHoc ce BKrrcq,r B eAHa kn, B ABere o6nacT,1 Ha

crlcleHaTa Ha nnaHyPaHe Hre ocTaBaMe c yc1aHoBeH,l, asoefi npl,Hoc Ha noAArpxaHe

noAKpenr{e xa rexrocrpyxrypara, 6er

HHoro aP/ru (oi6hHaqrx, ocBeH Te3r,

Aa BlsnpreMaMe rnaBBaTa i qen !a noclliraHe Ha neq.In6n. npe3 nocneAHrre ABe ro4uHl, ce nony9nxa Hrl(on nPu3Haqn Ha aP,/f Brlax\/BaHylupaxe Ha pa6orHara oKonHa cpeAa. CTaBa nPaxTxKa ycTaHoBrBaHeTo Ha KoHTaKTT c TexHoxParxTe, HaHecBaut, ce s a,llaiHepcKaTa AeiHocT c noTpe6MTen(Kkre opraH,traqurl x arPxaBHhTe opraHrl. BlrHoxHo e Aa ce Ha eprr ri oclutecrBrr

(ouro npeanoxuxHe 3a npo(becxoHaneH npxHoc Ha

npo

nLrJneHHTe Au3aiHepr.

AlAsAr.Hi.T KATO CPEACTBO 3A NOB]4TUABAHE EOEKT]4BHOCTTA HA I,IOBEITKATA AETHOCT YAI< aztl.ot

AriaiHrr.recro ce e HacoqBafl K!r,r ycrBrptUeHcTsyBaHeTo Ha o6eKTlaHl,lre ycnoBrr Ha lpyAa (npeal1eTEoTo 06|(PtxeHue), r.e. 8a ToBa, or xoeTo Sasucri nPaBvnHoTo nporuqaHe Ha rPyaoBu, nPoqec. B ra3x o6flacr l4ral.le AocrarbqHo onhr rt tlHoxeCTBO

nPrHePv, Ha

KO,1TO

tloxe Aa

Clc cy6eKTrlBHnre acneKru, T.e. c re3nl KOrlTo o6ycnAS,T trorl,lBHPaHero Ha AeiHocrra, as3aiHrf PraKo ce e laH6r1a6an. 5€3 Aa noAqe8u 3HaLieHxero Ha ntpBr4Te,

're rHeHHo oT BToPxre saBncx yaoBneTaoPeHueTo Ha qoBeKa oT TPyAa, x ]aToaa ute KoHqeHTPr4PaH BHq aH6eTO nPe_ ax Bcnsxo BrPxy rtx. A,r3aiHrr B-b3Hr,1KHa Ha 6a3ara Ha cucrecLrlnTaH

daTa Ha otleHka cnoPea nPxTexaBaHoTo MyqecTBo.

CTPAHX

An3aiHlT Cnyxeue rnaBHo Karo cPea.TBo 3a aKTrav3,rPaHe Ha norPe6neHvero, , no - Ha nPoH3BOACTBOTO. Toi noaxpaHBaure cTPaclTa Kth nocTorHHo nPxAo6uBaHe Ha BoB{, a +axrn'{ecK, Pa3nuqHo $!rnexAautlr x3aennr. oefl,!l]r3r1]T K]M BeutuTe aoBeae ao onacHoTo y6exaeHre, qe qeHHocTTa Ha xuBora 3aBrlcl,l 14SxnloqkrenHo oT KOnUqecTBOTO 14 Ka9eCTBOTO Ha nPnT€xaBaH,rre Berqu, tloBex, noKnaHrq ce Ha ro npuHrtun l,l Pa36hPaul ,,xy6asrt xnsor"

To3H HaqtiH, ce [HTePe€yBa caio or eaHo: xakBo ratleHHo Moxe aa Kyn'i c nony_ qe{aTa 3a rPyaa cx 3annara. TaKrB HaqnH Ha aKTrBlt3l4paHe Ha 9oB€Ll.r{ara aeiHocr Bl{Haati e nPeaxlst{KBan c}npoTrBneHre y lelx xoPa, l(onTo ca ce cTPeHvnu

TPyAri aa 6tAe nPx3HaT

3a ocHoBHa qeHHocT

n rl u,ie Ha gOBeq€CTBOTO.,,cO6CTBeHOCTTa EHrenc- ce ,lAlrra Ha nlreaecran ,r 6 Kpa;Ha

cieTxa,

aa 6tae 3aBLPUeNo Toaa olgyx-

orgyxaeHaTa, nPa3Ha aaBaHe, napxTe ce nPea6crpaKq{r Ha .o6crBeHocrra

- tloBel(tT BprqaT slB BnaclenrH 8a cBeTa. npecraBa aa 6rae Po6 Ha qoae(, a ce nPeBrpHa B po6 Ha npeAlrera,. CneABautala

Herosa rl,ctn rHa xaPaKTeP Ha nPorHosa: qo,,3asrpLlBaHero Ha orqyxAa3aHero Ha seKa npl,l

rocnoacrBoro

naPrre e Herloe' 6n,t3Kr'1, floieHT,

xeH nPexoa i(tH Beqe

qOBextT oTHoBo e an-bxeH aa nPrce6e cr". no-KbcHo Yhnulx Axei c xanYca, 're .,xnBoTLT, OCHOBaH Ha coScrBeHocTTa, e no-iranKo cso6oaeH or xlnBor,ocHoBaH Ha aeinocrtatl flo BcnKa BePorrHocr, nPexaesPexeHso e aa ce TBlPArl, 9e AHeC Bece nPexhBf,aa e Kpx3a Ha qeHHocTTa Ha nP,Te_ KOTaTO

Ao6ue

cat|rt

xaBaHoro ullyLqecrBo Ho ce Saoenr3ssT crrrnTo r. noxasBaul , qe HeiHure ocHos, ca noaponenu Enarn ToQnep, urBe€reh arlePuKaHcxrl ny6nuqrcr. rrcnea' seul cncreHhTe o1 qeHHocrr'l Ha olAeulero. B cBorra KHnra ,,l.lJoxtr na 6taeqero"

onpeaeneHn

(oHcTaT(Pa n3ieHeHue a oTSouJeH(eTO Ha c!BPeHeHSt4' qoBeK xlt{ BeulrTe, a cneaosa_

TenHo n t(tM nprTexaBaHero Ha Belqu. BeporrHo noa BnrlrHxero Ha Axeirc. so B

(tuloro

A. nABnOBC(,

- norua

aPeMe u Ha ocHoBaTa Ha coocrBeHu nPaBlr cneaHara nPorHo3a: ,,xoPara He 6taeqeTo qe xMserr c no-6tPlx reMnoBe, B cPaBHeHne

,r]cneaBaHri11 Ha6nloAeHrf,,

ro;

xoPare Ha HrHanoro, creaoBarenHo

lnrxHu Aa 6tAar no_rbExaBn Lera re nDl,_ nrvar Ha larvraqr or yioPa 6tp3oxoAl{'1, Ha 3a Korfo e rPyaHo aa oTcrtntT karo ca npr6n xaBauun ce rPaHcnoPr, T,l't,l-nlTi HafoBaPeHx

c rexecTTa

Ha cooc?aeHocrra.

Te c(ar aa ce Bt3nonraar or

Orlarara

rexHMKa, Ho 6ei aa noelraT orroBoPHocTTa, Korro ao aHec crnPoBoxaatue HarPynBaHero Ha rilyqecr-

x3o6unrerol, Hai-HoBara

Karo nprrep sa rBBlPUBaLqrre ce flPo' reHx Todnep coqr nonoxeHrero B crPollrencrBoro. B Cteannexnre urarx, ot 1955 Ao 1969 r. korlxqecrBoro Ha crPotulhre 'e qacrH[ xxnl.lulHll aot oEe ce e Ha]IaJlrrlo . noBeee or 42"2. B ctuloro BPelre clorBerHo e noPacBana HyxaaTa oT xrnnula, aaBarx noa xaex. Pa:rnarexrle ocHoa, Ha qelHOCTTa Ha nPriexaBaHoTo uHyqecTBo B KPa' Ha (Paru.lala ca antxH, aa aoaeaar ao 17

oTBprqeHue

Klil

aeiHocTTa, 6a3Mpaqa ce

Ha Ta3r qeHHocr, Toga agnexr,re

ce xa6np-

Bc tKo raM, KlaeTo 6e3KOpkCTrara AeiHocr, TEi Karo H€ Hocx onHaHcoBa

aaBa nPean

}lnx raTepxirr!8a neqan6a, ce oqeHraa Karo noBeaeHile HecLoTaeTcTBaqo Ha 3apaBr, cHl4cbn, cneaoBaTen8o Tai, KtaeTo ca npeHe6perHar, l,lAeiHfiTe I coqrMHn iornBll

Ha TPyAa, HenprrlDHTa xbH qoBeLrixaTa AeiHocT r'oxe Aa ce npeBrpHe s oco6eHo rPeBoxeH (FaKT x aa npseie $oprara xa Kpr3a B o6qecTRaTa, xoxTo HaBpeHe He 3anrnHrT noeBTrHraaHe.ro Ha qeHHocTTa Ha nprTexaaaHero Ha onpeaeneHo finyqecTso, T, Hoxe Aa ce o(axe cTpaurHa B cryqafl, KOTaTO e Heo6xoar,ttla l<osqeHTpaqr, Ha ycltl14rfa Ha qtnoTo yoBe'{ectBo la npeoaonraaHe Ha rpyAHocrl,t, c Korro ce e c6rlcxan !ioaeuKrarT poa. EaHa oT Te3l., rpyaHocTn e, Hafi

P.,

nPOAOBOfi CTBeHaTa KPr3a.

He ce caxraH KoinereHTeH Aa BanpaBt

qrrocTeH aHanE Ha nprqrfl{Te Ha onhcaHOTO rBnes[e, OU]e noBeqe, '{e To hoxe aa 6t4e ycnoxxexo or crntrcrByBaul, OaKTopu, HexenaHne Aa ce AeicTByBa, B lasxcnMOCT OT l,tXOHO}IXqecl<Ute l, cotlranH, ycnoBrt, B xo,To To ce npotBtBa, ioxe aa 6tae nPeaEByxaHo, Hanp., oT r3nuuJrqlr B 6narocrcrorxrero tanta nlx or 3ary6ara Ba arPa atg B!3}loxHocrTa 3a HeroaoTo noc.rrraHe, oT BlTper!eH 6yHT nporlrB r3onaqrrra

oT yqacTre B flpeycTpoicTBoto Ha cBera, of qyacTBo Ha 6enoioutHocT npea flpol'eHITe, Ha KOllTO He HOXe aa Ce noBIIre, oT

qyacTBo Ha HeKoHneTeHTHOCT Unl,l TpyAHo-

a PalofiPeHeTo Ha r]atpuJBaulrTe ce npolrexx. Orcna6BaHeyo Ha aeiHocrra lro-

cTl,l

xe aa ce

3a4rn6ovaBa or ,HAxBrayanH, HeaocTaTrqlt: o1ctcTBr4€ }la xHTepec l/lnl, qen Ha aeiHocTTa, xenaHr€ aa ce n36erHe prcka, aa'Lpiafi c ra:,, AeiHocT, t1ny npocro

Pa3Blrsero Na rexHrKara, HapeA c itHoloTo nonoxrTenHl cTpaHr, aoHece ene-

l.eHtr, noHrlxaBaulti yaoaneTBopeHueTo Ha '{oBeka or HeroBkr TpyA. K!i, Te!, rBneHm

ce oTHaci crcTeMaTa Ha (oxBeiepHoTo npor,rlBoacTBo r,r cBtp3aHnTe c He, MoHoloHHOCT 11 nplHy4rreneH pa6oTeH ps.rLH. XaPaxTepHoTo 3a XIX BeK cTporo pa3AeniHe Ha

xoPaTa Ha o6Hycrlru,lrr KoHTponnpaq, l,' ocrutecrBrBaulr npox3aoacrBoTo ocao6oa, qacT oT yt{acrHHqure B nporsaoacTBeHure 2A

nPoq€cx

or oTroBopxocr 3e

\rno $ fu nt u,

pa6oTaTa kaTo

oT '{yacTaoro Ha yaoaneTBOPeHIe oT TAOpqeCkffi xapaxrep Ha 13nrnHrBaHaTa p6oTa. OcBeH ToBa, To HanPaBl,l nporlBoacTBesl,lTe npoqecx Hepa36l,lPaetlt,|, aaloHoiH11l,,,3nIt!Baul, ce oT xoHTpon. TexHsxara 3anoqHa Aa +yH{tlxoHhPa KaTO 9e n}l H$aBrcxio oT 'loBeKa, kaTo noaqIHr,3aeaHo ctc c}3aaBaHxTe or qeHHocTt, Hero l4 ieTo ca l1r. Cu4aea ce snevarneruero, rr€ npoqecrre Ha o yxaaBaHe, oTKPxTx l{ oflricaHg oT Mapkc, ce nporsrBar c Bce no-ronrtla crna, Paaocrlo e, qe.Tetr ,BneHH xanocneatK nPIAnr!ga.r BH}ltlaHreTo Ha o6ulecTseHocTra, qe ce xa6nK,4asa Ho6rnx3aux, Ha cfin!!re, Korro nporriBoAeiciByBar Ha rrxHoro Br3HrixBaHe.AHec re3l. npo6neHr ce u3cneABaT llHoTo uHTeHiraflo oT nSoro o6rlacT| Ha HaykaTa, B Toga qxcJro oT ltKoHoMukaTe s o6utecTBeHara nontiiyka. ly'-3secrlual noncrtra xxoHor.lrcr npoQ. Eaaapa tlrnt.rHct<u o6prqa sHr aHre Brpxy

Heo6xoaxMocTra oT c!3aaBaHe Ha HoBX crcTe ll oT qeHSocTI, ocHoBaH, Ha coqra-

,rrcT

recKaTa

BrTxe

Ha '{oaexa.

rae, !a

yHxBepcanHoTo pa3-

O6qecraoro $oprupa xoar crcreMu or

qeBHocrr cnopea o6BqeHrBeHeTo Ha cTaHacaxla y oTAenHx nxqa, a Te, PxTe. To KaTO

xH.qr6nayar1l,llMpaT Ha

cBoi

pea,

noano|laTaT o6utecrBeHoTo oax(FrqxpaHe

Ha re:r.r crcrern. Cne4oaarenxo, xpnrePr,r4Te !a qeHHoci npeTrpnrBaT eBoltkqsr. Anrarirrr, xaro o6r1acr, korro ce saHrHaBa c OopirpaHe Ha o6pa3q, 3a AeiHocr I noBeAeHue, Hoxe aa oKaxe cepIo3Ho Bnrr-

Hqe Brpx/ y3}1eHeHreTo, crsaaBaHeTo fi ,l6opa

Ha onpeAeneHa

crcre

a oT qefiHocrra

oT orAerlHara ,lrgHocr. h3TnexAa, qe Beqe no3HaBa e ra:ty qeHHoca, KorTo ioxe aa 3axeH}l c ycnex qeHHocTTa Ha rHyqecTBeHOTO nprTexaHre: ToBa e aeiHocTTa caia ,a ce6e cy. ApyraprrE fepex. Ha 3aceAaH,le Ha napTriHo-npaBsTencTBeHaTa

xorlr(lfi

HauaTa crpaHa, nprsoBa xtlr pa3npocrpaHeHre Ha ieToaa Ha oikprToTo nnaHrpaHe xaro MeroA, cBAaaaul Hai-urxpoK, sl3fioxHocTL Sa o6ulecTaexaTa tHrqta.t.kBa, caHo-

I a{TIBXOCITa Ha XOpaTa Ha a cturo Tar(. c[oco6crsyBaul 3a

cTof,TenHocTTa

TPyAa,

clrAaaaHero xeHai-Ao6p, ycnoB$r ra BcecrPaHHo Pa3Brrre Ha Yolexa.

Er3HrkBa Blnpocll: (exsa e ponrra Ha ar3aiHa B nPraaBaHeTo Ha Hai-BrcoKa qeHHOCT Ha qOBeUKaTa AeiHOCT?

aa HaflpaBnH Hre, &l aa

ioxe

KaKBO oxeir caHaTa pa6oTa

aa Hoc, HenocpeAcTaeHo Hai-ronrro yaoaneTBoPeHre, 3a aa ioxe Pa6olaTa aa nPyAo6re yepTxTe Ha onxcaHm oT MirpKc cio6oAex rpyA? KaxBo Aa ce HanpaBn, ra .qa ce ao6nxxnll ao itot|eHfa, ,,KoraTo Tpya.t T

ute nPecTaHe aa 6!ae caio cpeacTso 3a crqecTByaaHe I qe ce np€BrpHe a eneHeHTaPHa xx3HeHa Heo6xoAhHocT" I flo,r BceKu aeH ce cpeqaxe c patnpocTPaHeHOTO

y6exAeHre, 'te Hre

4r3ai-

e xoPa, xohTo ioraraa -npoeKTrPaT oPral.rrTa Ha TPyaa q nporlBoacTBeHara cpeAa ra*a, ve re Aa 6rAer,,kpacyB, x npnrTHr". Hil(o, or Hac ca car!KHanr c toBa, qe KpaiHa qen Ha HauJrTe AeicTsm Tpr6sa HePlTe,

6rAe BrHurHrrr Bl,rA Ha re3l' ycTpoicTBa. Hlre o6ave :xaer, 9e B npoqeca Ha oclqecTBraaHe Ha orroBoPHr laaaqr, nP, peuJaAa

aaHero Ha cepro3Hl,r npo6rexr, Te3u crapaH}l' aoarT qecTo caio ao oTAenxI t,Hllxl,t

,nl{ cna6o e+exrrBir,r peynTaTx, f]opa{ll

TOAa BTXAaH HeO6XOAXiOCT Aa Ce BtpHel, Krr.r TrxHara clulr{ocT c!r.t arn6oxo y6eAeB! qe aoKaro ax3aiHrT He norcxa cepxo3HO Ae nOAnOtlOrHe PeUJaaaHefo Ha ocHoaHI-

nPo6neHn Ha qoaeuJKaIa AeriHocT,

Toi

caxo ule laiasBa PeanHo cbqecrByBaqaTa l(aPTrHa.

Heo6xoarrg Ha Hallara

,3xeHeHrt

l,laeo,Iorrtra

npooecrr.Anraixtr aeve ce

onrTa aa ce orKaxe aa cnyxx Ha crcTeirara Ha qeHHocT Ha nPtlTexaBaHoro ll yqecTao, Te3H reHAeHqxl{ o6a,{e nporBeHl{ B,,coqrarnHoro npoel(rrpaHe", Ha6enr3aHo oT nporpecrBHrTe chBercK, xyaoxHrrl, cnea

OxroriBpricKara

peBonroqx

no-KbcHo

AeiHOCTTa Ha nPOrPeCl,lBHrTe rpyn11 afieprKaHcku r,rSTenekTy:urqx, He norry914xa

nlnxo npr!3Haxse. Moxe 6x, Te 6rxa npexAeBPeneHHX, HO Ca ClxPaHrn}l ron,HOTO.' ,HaqeHse l+3mexAa

,a ,Aeonorrfr! Hl arlaiHa, ute npexxBerr cBol; peHecaHc -

Tlpoe(TaHTxrela opraHy3aropr,{Te

rp}-

c Brnpocure Ha n npo6ne lr Ha npo'

aa, 3aeYx np€an Bcuvl(o npeAHetHan cpeAa ll3BoarTenHocTTa, }lHoro

qecfo 3a6pasrT, npolr3BoaclBeHaTa cP€Aa e nPeal1 acxqko nnaHrpaHe Ha qoBeuJ-

qe nPoe(rrpaHelo He

K,rTe oTHOUJeHrr, nnaHIPaH€ fia HTCTOTO l,t BPeiero, B r(ohro ce +oPMrPa x nPorsrBa

oTHO!!eHlleTo Ha Pa6oTeqkr t{osex xrtr aPyrrTe xoPa , KrH ce6e cu. B yaoBneTBoPeH$e1O OT TpyAa ce KpxrT HoBr{ pelepEr 3a floBHUJaAaEe Ha nPOh3BOAl,!TenEOCTTa.

flra:anxeprre ca AnlxHra Aa npurHarr, qe nPoekrnPaHrre or rrx cloPlxeHx, He .e car,toqen. Te ctsaaaaT caHo eneHeHTxTe, cTr{xynHpaull1 cnoxHHTe coqxanHH aBTOpt4 Ha

yqacT{e

poqecn,

kogio ca BcHqkr, KoxTo

rrx

BsyHaT

oPraHx3aTopr,rl/l r{3nrnHr-

Tenr. flocneAHlre He rpr6sa Aa 6!Aar nguaBaHu oT 'ryacTBoTo Ha TBoPqecxo yaoBneTBoPesre oT y9acTre1o B Te3l. nPoqecr.

HiHa Aa 6rAar 3aArnxeH{ Aa ce raaoBonrBaT crc cyporaTv Ha TBopqecTao x qe ocrurecrBiEar €Boxre rsoPqecKl,l crPeHexu B TPyaa, 3aToBa nrPBocTeneHHo 3HaqeHHe rPr6sa aa E aT Pa3Pa6orKvre, Kouro c$aaBaT y noTpe6rTen, qyBcTBo 3a rocnoacrso Haa ycrpo;cTBofo &n, npoqeca, xorro no3BonrBaT 8a pa6oreulu, goBeK NenocPeacTBeHo aa BrxAa xrreHeHrrTa h eseK-

ToraBa

a3eT(Te

B Peynrar or

HeTO PeUJeHrf,. TOSa

caHo nouJurT 3aHarTvx, HeHaBHxaa cBon

6nx rlcxan aa racerHa oqe eafiH or BaxHhTe acfleKTt Ha yqacTrleTo Ha ar3aiHa

nr'{HocrTa. hcxa xl,l ce aa roBoPr 3a c}3aaaa8eTo Ha kaeanHll ioAenh karo x3loqHr4x npvcrpacr"e. Ha Bon, ra AeiHocr, xaro Oafiop, {opnrpaur raoprecxr.r npurqrnr. lLle ce onhrair Aa o6rcHf, iexa-

HnlHa Ha Br3HvKBaHe r fynxqroxupane na noAo6Hv hoAenr. Bcexu or Hac ce crpei,r aa onPeaen{ (aKrB e cseTbT 14 KaK!B TPr6Ea aa 6!Ae, crpeH, c€ aa c}l c!3aaAe co6crBe8 peaneH x xenaH (xAean€H) o6par Ha cBera. Hre noAnarare rerx o6pa3h Ha pa3nvt{HH ek€n€pxMeHTh: cpaBHrBalle ar c 06PalrTe,

cBAaSeHU OT APyru xOPa, CTnOCTaBTH€.M c vsxeHf,urara ce o6craHoBRa fi crc co6crBeHtre c, xenaHl,1, u B PgynTaT, noa Bn{rxue Ha nonygeHaTa no To r 8aqfiH nHoopHaqrn, rH flPoHeHiHe.3a o6n€KqaBaHe Ha onePa-

qrnTe ru onPocTrBaxe ao onePaTrBeH oaen, noPaAH ToBa oxeil aa Kaxe , 're

Hac onep(Pa cac csoi aeicrBHTeneH H uaeaneH Hoaen Ha cB€Ta. B To3, Hoaen

BCe(r

npxHep 3a xenaHlare oco6eHocru (cBo;crBa) Ha clBpeEeHHoro npoHrLUneHo 060pyaEaHe. no-HaTaT-BUrHoro uH 136porBaHe He 6h GBnaaHano c Hauara qen.

ryK

ncxxonor{rra xa rpyAa, ncllxonorhrra Ha rorhBHpaHero, npaxceonorrrrai eproHOtl14iTa

TOBa Ca OTKpl,!tl,t Cll(POgrl.rtHnqn

oT lHaHffi B AaAeHala O6nacT. Te3( 3Ha8!' rpr6Ba Aa HaBnesar B npo+ecroHanHara kBan,lSfi l<aqM, Ha

Ar3aiHepnr€. Xyaoxecr-

qa ca AnlxHv B OUle no-roIrHa cTeneH aa BtoplxaT cBorrr€ BrnycKHr.rq, c raKoBa,,oPrxre". Heo6xoaIr,lo e ar3aiHepxre aa oq€Hrr BeHO-XOHCIpyKTOPCXT,!re

yq Xnfi

KoeTo € no-BaxHo, aa Tk o6qxHar. AaHTe e xaian, crpyBa Hl,l ce, qe

akTHBX3hpaHeTO Ha TBOPqeCKITe Crrnl,, Ha

rexroc$epara. ABrraren

scsqKll aeic-rBn, e cTpeiexrT Aa ynoao6lnn PeanHx, Hoaen 8a xaeanHrr. KonKoTo cTeneHTa Ha HecloTBeTcTBle Ha xoaennTe e no-Bl4coxa, Tonxosa no-hHTeHsrsHa

e aei-

Hocrra. HanPor"B, ako naeanHxrr oaen

8e ce otn(qaBa oT aeicTaMTenHt, 6r! ce rrrra. oT-

oTnMqaBa selHaqvTenBo, aeiHocT

AeiHocr e p$ynrar or orioaen, oTnrgaBau.l ce aocTaT!'1Ho oT aeicTsriTenHu, Hoaen Ha csera. OrxrAe BrrHrKBar re3x rpyAHoc-bcTBrero Ha gaeanHr,,

or nprqnHrre xox€ Aa 6rAe 6rFoTo Pa,srrhe xa qrBrnr3aqrnra, qe H€iHr.rr€ nocrHxeHhr ce nP€-

crr?

EAHa

TonKoBa

BPrtrlar B peaflHocT nPeav okoriqaTenHo aa

ca ce oooPr4rnl1 KaTo }raex B ct3HaHreTo Ha

o6ukHoBeHu' qoee'(. 14Haqe 'oraHo -Bro6Pa'(oraTo aeicrBrTenHocTTa r,3oPesaPBa xeH6eTo, TPyAHo Hoxe aa AoKaxei, '{e ,laeanH6Te HoA€fix BrrHaru ce +oPr4 PaT

ca ocrorrenHo (He3aBrc Ho). Hai-sePoirHo e, ee re ioraT aa 6laar nPeaMer Ha noapaxaHx€ r{ 3afiMcrBaHe, l.{oxe 6u, s neproaa Ha cneqkanr,3aqxr, 3aalnxeHue Ha aaae8o o6q€cTBo

e nPoursoacTsoTo,

l' nPoeKT(PaHeTo Ha TaKxBa 3a te3r, 8a Kolrro He aocrrTar

aneaoBa1enHo

HOAenv

nprpoasH MoaenHpautl1 oyxKllx{. Kal< .qa 6rAar npoeKr,ipaHr r$,l r.loAenu, !a Aa He npeacraBnraaT TBTPAI HoAen,r-nPore3n u aa ce noa,qasaT Ha rlxeHeHlrt noa BBAei'

crB(e Ha hH(boPHaqnoHHx kHnyncrl Hanl,l (aro npore3l Te caHo 6Hxa $nfiuPanu u

3a eHrnn oTcrcrByBaqHTe qacT,8a opraH(3Ea s rPaHrqxre Ha onPeaeneHr oyHKqxll, H B croTae1cTare c G]aHoro no-roPe, He 6,rxa rl,nlnHrBanx

srPale Ha aeiHocrra.

+yxxqru ra axrner-

BBHoxHoci 3a peureHve Ha ro3, npo6ne BuxaaH B cruhynlPaHe Ha cr3aaBaHeTo Ha HAeanHt4 r|oaenl, qPe3 PasPa6oT6aHe Ha nP,!MepHn o6pa3ql,t u Ha Meroan 3a TrxHoTo caHocToiTerHo +oPHrPaHe. ToBa,r3rnexaa eauHcrBeHo npaBnnHo B rolu cny.ra;, Tr,; Karo He ioxe noa nPeanor Hrxoi aa 6bae r36aBeH oT Ae;Hocr, To; Aa 6tAe flxuJeH oT nPaBoTo Ha csoeTo Ha;-qoBeuko npaBo - aa axxryrBopqecrBo. a{3aiHrr He rPr6Ba Ba: aa 6rae raKa! Toi e AnlxeH aa noMara Ha o6qecrBoro B rLpceHHira Ha orroBop Ha

Blnpoo,,Te:,,Ka( 6fi Horno aa 6iael",

,,Kax rpr6aa aa 61ael". AonAe BpeMero, Koraro npeA ArsaiHa

rpr6sa

Aa 6rAe nocraBeHa icHara 3aAarra ra al(TnBH3xPaHe Ha vos€urKaTa aeiHocT, 3a noHout nPx HaHxPaHe Ha c ,lctna Ha '{o-

An3AhH.\T

CBOEOAHOTO BPEME '

YAk

BpereTo

orAux, ToBa

oT ynorPe6ara e auqHa cso6oAa,

To no3Bonisa BceK Aa Brpulr4 ToBa, (oero \.xenae, 6er aa e Hanoxefo oT ieo6\oaxMocrra. To Moxe Aa 6tAe [3aexaBaHe

cntHqe, u3reT

a nnaHxHaTa,

xrpa

Ha l.Uax

xn,

Syr6on, rarpa xa xBrpeuno xnx parxoAxa B roPaia, KapaBe Ha .ah unn nnyBaHe, u3pa6orBaHe Ha MoAen,4 Ha noKor.lorlB urn pucyBaHe Ha KaprrHu. Ho, ocBes ToBa ro Hoxe Aa 6bA€ 3aHxHaHne 3a noBuulaBaHe Ha xBanu(pxKaqrrra, apxeo,lorxgHo npoyq" BaHe lann 406poBonHo ygacrre B 06ulecrBe-

Ho Heponpnrrre. fleirocrm nper

cao,

6oAHoro Bpe e ce pa3nuqaBa oT nocrorHHara pa6ora no HeiHoro MofllBripaHe: Ti ce ,13abpuBa 6e3 BTHUJHo HanaraHel, Foxe Aa nporeqe c 6aBHo reHno. CBo6olForo BpeHei raia xaaro o6uxFoBeHO

rO pa3rnexaaMe! e eauH acneKT

Hoaen Ha noBeaeHre B npoMeHnusu nporl14urneHo pasBuru 06utecTBa, MacoBara r,1l-

rPaqu, nPer nerHB, ce3oH KIM hoPcKoro Mecrara ra orAr4x BtB B!-

' Kpai6pex(e u M. Erltl(

- Ar.r{r

rpeuHocTTa Ha crpaHara e 6yna HeMxcnxMa npe3 npeAuecrByBautxre enoxx. B crpyKTyPaTa Ha flpeaxurH,rle o6utecTsa He e ctutecrayaaflo pa3Bxrxe B ronrM |]auta6 Ha

nPoirune, ocr, r(arro npor3Bexaa cpea]a np€KapBa e Ha cBo6oaNoro Bpei€.

cTsa

Cr,eaaaaxero ha cboprxell, 3a rearrpa, r{xHoro u reneBx3urra e npoAykr Ha 20-r,1, BeK.

CEo6oAro BpeHe e clqecrByBano sr-

Harh B nprMxTriBHnre o6qecrBa, cBo- spexe, ocrrypeHo or 60.qHo (orTo He no3BorflBa aa ce h3BrpulBa noncKa Pa6oTa, cBo6oAHU BpeMe, Hanoxefo oT npexoAa Fa ce3o"xre, cBo6oAHo BpeHe, ROero e raHrPanu u3raa B ra^arrqricaa Pa6oTa, pxTyan{, TaHqx y pa3Ka3saNe Ha npexarKn. CaHo (oTaro excflnoaTaqxrra e orHena cEo6oaforo Bpe e oT Macure, TpyAOBnTe xoPa or rPaaoBele , cenaTa ca 6xnh ronKoBa xrrouteHn, qe ui jln.sanl eHePru, 6 xenaiue la oTA!1x u ca ce oTAa-

o na 3a6paBaTa, nonyeeHa fa axhN nn, Boaxa. flo-xrcHo qe ce cnpa Ha npo6n€Ma 3a

Ban, eAuHcraer

62:?.Ot

r'PllhyaurerrorL cBo6oaFo BpeMe Fa 6e]-

Pa6oTHxTe, nopoAeH oT rrKoHoFluKaTa Ha HHoro cTPaHni ho no3BoneTe k npeax Tosa aa ParrneaaH ocHoBdaTa T€Ma Ha HacToru.l14t BPr3Kara Ha npoM,lurieHxr ahaoxfiaa 3ariH c AeiHocruTe Bpe3 cBo6oAHoro BpeHe. 3aHhMaHurla npe3 cBo6oAHoro sp€rae ca c!3aaBanu uraen,lr: roneHuTe xsrpvrna Ha fsarerana, aLurqvre Ha ennHnr€, KyKnvre Ha 8sa u xunrpy, Apyth atph t py-r\/an{$ nPeaMerx ca crapl4 xonKoro r4cropxrra fa TpaAuqxoHHhre r3aenue aa aocrrrHanta ,l3rrcxaHocr Ha A,r3aiHa:

Ao o6pa3eq Ha

Hy3nxanHx uNcrPyMeH'rx! cnoprHx nyur K,1, 6yxanxl, 3a Kpuxer l,l paxerr 3a reHhc, ceAna h cKx ca AoBeAeHx Ao eAHo OopranBo crBrPureHcrBo H npxroaHocT Krl.1 fipeaHa3HagexteTo t1H, KoeTo He Hanara Ha clBpe-

HeHHe, Ax3aif aa nponear raxxara

norBHr]a

ce P$ynTaT Ha cTpeMexa

Har-r'reyTe aa nocTurHar

fopra,

Ha 3a-

lakcH

aneN e+eKT r.114HxHantso KoJrrqecTBo MaTepxan, cTa-

6rnHocr 6e3 Trxecr. erera8lHocr 6ei noKa3Hocr. ly' Bce nak Hanara ce HIe Aa nPoMeHk.

Sorarure

(aro

AHrflx, Hrkora 6rxa

,isBecrHu

Knacrl", Ho Tri KaTo cBo6oAHoro BpeHe craHa npaBo a He nPuBrnerm ca o Ha ianqrHcTBofo, ,,He3aeTl4

ra npexapBaHe Ha cBo6oaHoTo BPeMe, {Or,1To no-paro uoxexa 4a 6t4ar !r3pa6oreHM oT xopa, no.Berrnr xuBora ch cPeacrBara

Ha Hr(axrB 3aHaiT, aHe( TPr63a Aa

flPor4sBeXAaT HacoBo nO npOHrruneH HaqrH,

HrKora. Koraro caHo 60rarHTe yrpaexa 6vntpA, lqeKnre ce x3pa6orBaxa purHo or |.1aricropr-pe36apx, a TonxuTe ce npaBexa

or cnoroBa kocr 4 norrlqaxa Mroro yp/!. .(rec. o6ave, ronxrre rpr6Ba Aa ce npo.4r-

BexaaT oT nnacT|lacl,l, a prqHaTa pa6ora no ute(uTe e cBeAeHa Ao HrHuHyM. C({Te

rpr6Ba Aa ce nponsBexAar B cepu, or no aeceTxu xunrax sHecTo Ha ranx, napTuax. rlPceHero Ha 6yxanKu u ronKh 3a KpuKer, Ha (aPTl,l 3a

rrpa n na/laTKn Hanara MaLUrHrTe

aa raHeHrT PrqeTe Ha 3a8arTc.,rre, y6€AeH clr, ee 3aHErTqhicTsoro

Bce oLqe

xoxe aa rrPae BaxHa x KaTanyraToPcKa ponr, oco6eBo s Ar3aiHa Ha cloprxeHh,

3a nPooecuoHanHu clcre3aHy, r,r xoHKypol, (aTo 06urecTBoro ,1cKa KonrvecTBo, Ho ,icnn KaK aa 3aaoar3aiHePrT TPrbsa

Tli

Buute, c

HanKo

Aocera 06utoro craHoe

6x"o

Axrari-

ce crPeHn aa uMurxPa qPer nPoHrtuneHo nPoxrBoacTBo n3aenurTa.,l3Pa" 6oreHu B MxHanoro or 3aHarr'{Hnre. ToBa e oTPr4'raHe Ha ar3aiHa, oTrernrH€ B no-

Brr aa

3boPcxa caHrnMeNraflHocr. AerHocrra npe3 cBo6oasoTo BpeHe Eoxe aa He c€ e npoMe-

HUna no clqecTBeH 8a9rl8, Ho xoPaTa, KonTo ,lrParT utPufe unl,r ce PaaBar fa cnoPTa aHec ca Mtxe n xeHl4 oT BToPar2 nonosuHa Ha 20-rx, Bek y TexBuTe cpeacTBa

3a oraux orPa3rBar rrxHoro 06qecrBo, KaKTO e 6rno npe, acel<u eauH or npeauU]Hr,r-

nePuoar,r. BpeFeTo e Ba3Prno 3a aHanxl Au3aiHa B cBer/reHaTa Ha 6$6poiHr4T€

rlaennr, Korrro ce rrPcrr aHe<. Kax qe Hrrnexaa pakerara

reHMc

nps

1980

roAnHa? TPr6Ba nr Aa ,xa HoBa KoHqenqun ra Ar3aiHa Ha BenochneA? Morat nr,r rpaaraNaPcKhre nHcTPy eHTu aa cTaHar no-eBTuHx u no-e+el(rrlBH,r? hr.ra nr xoe aavur 4a

npox3Bexaar ro6oraHu (6.np. alnrn

cnoPrHr,l ure;Hx) I Kak cnoprHl,tIe noco6ri oftr aa craHar no-eBTl,lllt1 1,1 no-l,30611nHn, la aa 6raaT

aocTrnHl, BceKu xenaeu] aa ru (3non3yBa?

ToEa e o6nacT Ba Au3aiHepcKo npoyqBaHe ,1 rBop'recKo npoy'r8aHe, Kotro rpr6Ba aa ce uScneaaa no-3aatn6o9eHo, loryx roaoprx :a rpaArquoHHxre cropt, xeHrr 3a npexapsaHe Ha cao6oAHoro BpeoT KOTITO BOA,T HaganOTO Cl, or BaxH( cpeacrsa 3a pa6ora u (oMyHxl<aqxi. CKxre, xtBKr4Te r ce,qflara ca 6une

oT eaHo rlrcTo Ha 4Pyro, rPaa,rHcxr4re ce'{xaa nPeaHa3HaqeE,l 3a nPrlaB14xBaH€

3a oTrnexaaHe Ha xPaHrTenHx pacTeHnr, cTPenlrTe M nLKoseTe 3a cTPenKoB,

- qen. Mnoro or nrpn, a He ,a crpeflrHe no HrplTe KprrT caorTe KoP€Hx B aHrHqHocr-

nrpara.Ha urax e 6una no3Hara nPeax or noBeqe oT 1000 roAuHI, Ha AaHa l6-rx, BeK, a ra6nara e 6rna nonynrpHa npe3 lo-Tn, BeK. AHec AeiHocrvre npel cBo6o,a8olo EPeHe aaaoxa

BvaoBe h3a€rhr: +oro KnHoKaMepn, rene'a PaanoanaPaTn, eneKTPoHHr,l 11yrpaMo+oHl.l. Te3l, 3rl(anH14 14Hcrpyr,ieHrH

'4 HHoro aPt3Ka Hosn nPea €Tn HrhaT

xlnHanoTo; Te ca Beqe o6nacT Ha AHlaiHePs Pa3B'4r"€, re rl nu3ar or 3aBoaxre B crrlfla Ha 20-Tffi BeK u Hue rn Hoo1r1 xaTo Ta,lxcMaHu xnl1 ceauH

cxo eKcnePvMeHflrPaHe

Koraro cBxPrr nn, xecrhKyn"Par cPeqy Hac, (aro easoEpereHHo raeHar nPoc1PaHcTBo KaTO XrnHOTr43hPaHH,

Ctrnacex crr.r, qe raAa'{a Ha ar3ariHepa

aa ocutyPu cPeAcrBara 3a nPeKaPBaHe Ha cBo6oAHoro Bper.e Aa 6tAar AocrxxMMr 3a BChqKl,1. KOXTO Xenarr Aa Tn non3aaT l,, 9e Halllero npooeclaoHanso saalnxeH,re ce

cron s roBa aa

HanpaBrH

rrxaara

ct-

Qopna

aBTeHTrgHa 3a HaU}1' BeK, a nPOI,3BOACTBOr,rxoHoM14qHo, no olHouJexl,le Ha TO l,ttl

- prKa, pa6orHa

qoBeK Hoxe

eHeprxi,r iarePxanu.

aa nocTaBrl noA cLHHeHne yBenrqaBaHero Ha 3aBxcr,rrlocTTa or cnoxHl,r croplxeHu, 3a 3antnBare Ha cBo6oaHOro spexe. crqecTBeHo ycnoBxe la cBo6oAHoro BpeHe e ro Aa AocraB, yaoBnerBoPeHhe Ha ,1n'{Hocrra, yaosoncrshe

qa-

e 3a HaugTo r,1HAy' 06uteclqo,re ioBa qyBcTBo "3HpaHo ce orlxaectarBa c npxrexaBaHero Ha B€-

cThe. crHnroHaTrqHo crpvafl

ull,r, c noaqePTaN noKa3 Ha nPnao6rToTo, Taxa '{e no-cKrnara mtlePa ce nPeanoqur2 nPea no-eBTnHaTar 8e caHo raqoTo e noe(FeKTHa, HO r 3aqoTo e cHHBon Ha coqranHo h ycnex. Tosa e cBoncrBeH npo6neir Ha o6rqec1BaTa, Korro ilePrl yc-

nexa c 6orarcrBo 1,1 Bflacr, Cfloco6Hocrra Ha ax3aiHePa aa nPoxeHn roBa oTHol'UeHne

orPaHrqaBa

HeToBara cnoco6Hocr

xaTo oTAereH qneH Ha ToBa o6utecTBo. Ho ron Moxe noHe npooecroHanHo aa ce

Bcnqxl1 oTPacnr! Ha nPoixr,llneHocTTa, nPo-

,3Aexaaqx cPeacTBa

3a oTArlx He ce - aa .e nocTorHHo yBenr'{aBaqa croxHocT Ha ,!aenlrf,Ta. qu0T 3aPa8x o6yBKla 3a exeAHeBHa ynorpe6a iroxe Aa AocraEh noBeqe yaoBoncrsue

crpexrr krM

Hai-cnoxHoro enekrpoHHo cloprxeHr€, 11 aor.fl,rHo PaaocT oTKOnKOiO tlauJriHh 3a Xa3aPTH' XrPX, CBo6oAHoro Bp€}te r4oxe Aa 6!Ae cpeA-

aaHa

crBo 3a

Pa3BnBaHe

Ha KoHcrPyxroPcK[re

cnoco6HocT[ nnv aa cnyx,t 3a 6iTcTBo oT AeicrBrrenHocrra. A3 cHrraM, ,{e AeiHocrxre, KollTo aonpt4Hacr.r !a nuqHa ,3tBa 3aaoBontBaT B flo-rotria cTeneH oT Te3u, (ol,iTo hrrcKBaT calio nacrBHo yqacTre. KoHcrpyKropcxoro cBo6oAHo Bpe e xoxe aa ce sanl'rBa c yqeHve l1nr c arirnyhaqM14 r 3a ioHTr4Pase Ha cePriHo nPor3BeaeHn (oMnoHeHTl,l. crasa aytla 3a qrna n Poll rJJr eHOCT 1,1 CSrP3aHa C He' nPo(Decsr, xotlTo ce parurlrprBar B riHoro crpaHr. r'lpoxsBexaar a roni o xongqecrBo, (oHTo CflEA TOBA CE HOHTI{PAT }rHAl1BI,|AYANHO. r,r

KoinneKTrre Horar aa npeacrasnrBar Ho-

aent,l Ha aBToHo6fin, l,nx noKoio1llBL, rcTopxqecKx crpaah rn crBpeHeHHr! xopa6k.

B eCreCTSeHa roneHrHa rnr pa6oreul, eneKTpoHHr cxe r. Bcv.rxo Heo6xoaxl,to 3a H3nlrxe8ne Ha HoAera ce BeIPOXOAX

xyTrrTa.3a nocTvraHe Ha xenaHffi Pe3ynrar ca H€o6xoarMl,l r.rlrHrHanHa crefleH yxeHre x ronria aola ThpneHIe.3a re3r, (ol4Io t!3nrTBaT yaoaorcTBue oT nonyaBToiaT rHX OnePaqrl', re3n Ko nneKTv ,,HanPaBx Hal,HPa u

cx ro ca " aeicrByBar ycno(orBauto l, or-

nycxaqo

KaTo nn€TeHeTo. ToBa e

oTpxqaHr€

Ha ncrtlHcKoTo 3aHatTqticTao. T.bi

ka.ro

KOinneKTbT nPeaBaPxTenHo onPeaen,

3a-

nPeaxe He nosBonrBa oprrfirnI TEoPqecrao, Ho rLPceHero ci

srPtueHff HarHocT

pacTe, a TrxHoTo npoeKTrpaHe nPeacTaBnrBa HoBa oTroBoPHocT ,a alrsaiHeprYe. A,r3aiHrT Ha 3aBrPUJeHXr nPealler ce onPeaerr oT all3ai8ePa Ha Ko]lnfiexla or Aerainx; Toi peuiaBa KaxlB qe 6!,qe pe-

xopaTa, KoMTo ce 3aaoaorrBaT c o6nKHoBe-

,ynraitf ot Bcekt axf Ha BHxMarenHo HOHTSPaHe I no TO3l1 HaqrH e OTTOBOpeH

Hr nPllHalnexHocTr,r, aa yBen}rqar cnoco6-

Ha acel(s

onrra aa ocnryPq

[rBecTHa

nPoiiHa -

HocTTa cx aa xrnxTBaT yao6oncTBfie & aa ce

cHa6ArBar

o6,iKHoBeH( npeArreru, 6!rn,r

re xaHep" unn 6yxan(u 3a 6€nr6on,

la eBeHTyanHoTo nrxeTBoPqecTBo

MoHTl,!paHero Ha qac Ha Hoaenl.l e r.rrHrrranHo KoHcrPyKToPcKo raHrHaHr€ ra cso6oAHoro Bpetle. Ha Apyrara crpaHa Ha 31

rorr{ cneKTEp nocTaar|.le 06pa3oaaHreTo Ha aL3PaCTHrre. aonrxa gacT oT MrxeTe l,l xeH,rTe ,3non3yBaT csoeTo cBo6oaHo Bpehe

ra noakulaBaH€ Ha cBoure lHaHIt, cnoco6Hocrn I Pa!6rPaHe. Te y'{ar e3rqx rnt,| floapexaaHe Ha qBeTr, rcTopHr Ha rul(ycrBOrO nnx roTsapcTBoTo, _+x3rKa l,nll alpBoo6pa6orBaHe, riareMarrKa {n, rpaAnHap-

cTao. B r4Horo cTpaHx ca c!3AaaeH,i lurlpoKr,t s!3roxHocrM 3a o6pasoBaHre Ha BrapacTHrre. B AHrnMr CBo6oArirrT yHnEepclTeT yaenrq, Te3{ BlsHoxHocTr. KypcoBeTe 8a CBo6oaHr,r, yxxBepcrrer ocsryprBar npenoAaBaHe no Bcll,{xn o6rkHoBeHn yHrBep-

crTeTcK, nP€aieTr, Ho noBeqero oT y'{aulrTe ca 3aaHraxxpaHr c peaoBHa pa6oTa ,t y.rar npe: cso6oaHoro cr apere. Bpraxara iexay npenoaaaaTerlcKoTo Trno l,' yqau.lkTe ce ycTaHoBr6a nrcHeHo, qpe3

paano, Tenell aHx 3a

Br13rr, nPn cPeulx-xoHq/nTaqrx

ceirHapy.

Tti

Karo kolyraqxoHHxre nrr{ur,r ca iafi*o, pa.rqxTa ce ao Tontia cTeneH Ha yHeHlreTo Ha as3aiHeprTe aa HanpasrT pa36rpae y l,l oHarneAeHk l,l Teneay3roHHl4re11

Paalo neKqkr. Ta3, pa6ora noanara

B r(ouTo arsa;HePrTe nocoqBaT oaenr 3a tl3nlnHeHre oT ql.tra.rengte. Toga xanor'rsr

nxkyBanx rlnlocTPoBa

pearHocTTa. or roga nonrxora nPol,3nr3aT rpy6ocru B urpure c ronKa, nary6Ho pyu.rx-

Axrnrar npe l8-u aex, xoraro ronern apxrre(T, t,l AriaiHepx Ba [e6€nx ca nyHa KOyTO Ca OCtUleCTBiBiury (TpOrTenCTBOTO Ha crpaay x npor3Bo.qcTaoTo Ha ie6enh B

flpaB, cl,l ro catl", ToBa ule noBrHte 6r1aro-

aane xa arxocfepa na naqhoHanHu ,r Mexay-

!a no-Ao6poTo pa36rpaHel{ oqeHrBaxe Ha arlaiHa. HaopaseHoro € MHoro, Ho ocraBa oul€ aa

c€ xenae, Moxe 6u ToBa e en6p,toHaneH

qeBue, a He HoPxa,

eTan Ha HoBo Pa3slTxe. ly'ia chnHH apryEeHTr, nPl,r CerauJHara c,lIyaqx, Ha orpaHuqeHu PecyPcr,ri Aa c€ HacrP'raBa no-ronr o y'{acTH€ Ha HaeiaTen, B c}oprxaBaHeTo Ha xr4,Ir4uteTo, 5y 6xno qeneclo6pa38o Aa ce flPeaocraa, Ha xoPara cal.lo rona xoHcTpyKq$r x Hai-BaxHxTe Bt3nrl B SoBl4Te xrlnruta u aa hrl ce pasp€urx aa aoarpalJaT noxprl-

TurTa,r y(PacaTa, aa nnaHxpaT yHTepuopai

Hai-SeAoBoIriTenefl 3a

Trx

HaqrH,

cTaPq!, 6onHr,

t(oHTponr!paHe Ha nroqaAK, 3a ,rpa! qeTeHe, pa3xoaxa, cna8e, PXCyaaHe! nPxroTsrHe xa TopTl,t l,t xsnralt apyr, SaHtraHm oT iolx Bra. KotlTo I a.r caor nprBrpxeHl,lqr. no-3HaqxreneH Ar3aiHepd(g en€HeHi oTxotlaaie ! Hoaoro ,aneHre, r!.ecTHo a AHrnm c,3pa!a

c, ro call'r, ToBa e coqranHo rBneHre, noPoaeHo oT noauueHr.re qeHn Ha ,,HanpaB,

ycnyfrle n iraTeprirnxTe, nprltyxaaaeuu xoPara aa pa!'rxrarcal Ha ce6e cn. 6orlncBaHeTO Ha

,l{UnrlleTo, l,BAlPUJAaHeio

rekyul, peiloHfl,t r 6enx

l, AoliaKrHc(,

x3pa6oTBaHeTo Ha rie-

ypeA&

Beqe Heqo

o6rkHoBexo. Ha,{elaqxrraahatTqxr

aa-

8{Cll oT l,rHcTpikltrrTe B KHl1r,l q CnrcaHrr,

nPoHehiT cnoPea HyxaHTe Ha cenei-

cnsaa-

cnoprHx c!6urur, Korro Hano Ht KlpBaB,rTe cnoPToBe Ha Pn cl(rTe aPeHk. HapoaHl4

aeioHcTPrPaT xa(Bo e flpaxTxqHo r,! xenaHo,.qe HapacrH€, B pe3ynraT Ha roBa Bpt3Kara t1exay AH3aiHeprre, norpe6xrerrure qe claHe no-TrcHa. Ah3aiHepxTe seqe Hrtla

noceulaBaHe

ute, xoeTo x3xnloqBa xyraHHocTTa,

TBoPHo

KoHCTPyKTTBHO rlnon3Baxe Ha cso6oaHOro Bpelle, Hera 4a onr,rcaar oHeu aeiHocrrt npl1 l(orro AulaiHepcKoro cratpxaHMe e xe3HaqrTeIHo rIll He ctqecTayBa

rprxr,

TaxaEa

n PoTrrBocPeacrBo Ha orqarNHeTo, noPoaeHo oT noPaxeHreTo, TPeHUpaNe Ha npo{ecl,loHanrcrx Ha raKoBa PasHn-

nPoBsHqriMHl,l rpaloBe , cena. Axo ce nogroraar Ar3aiHepn Ao paBHsqe aa cb3AaaaT craHAapT, la aeiHocTra,tHa-

ygacTByBaT eran no eTan B npeBptqaHeTo Ha KOsCTPyXqrrTa B AoH x Aa Ca TOTOBI Aa

Bro6ute: coqxirnfi,

cBo, +aBoPlr, ee Aa rary6u co6crBeHara cv, AHAv,BuayznHocl a $Paau EHrri/r cBrr Ha aPeHara aa Pa3PyuaBa

xlrnrax

firnl,lTaHre yHeHueTo Ha arraiHeprTe. HrcKl.rT nPoqeHT xa nPonaaHarrTe Ha x3nyT cTyaexTx aoxit:|Ba TrxHaTa l(otlneteHTHocT. Mexay HoHTrpaHero Ha npeaBaprrerlHo npoekTspaHxTe xoHnne(T, r,l caioo6pa3oaaHl,le-ro nexn ronrHo none ot Btl}loxHocTr4

3a 3ananrHXoTo aa ce cnee

TloAo6Ha

ncuxoxarhgHa,lcrepff e u3l{nlo-

,1 no-ronrroTo BHlnHaHtre KlFl or(oflHaTa cPeaa Ha cnoPTHHTe aPeHe 6k orno aa, orpaHHqM. hcKaM aa srpBaH, qe xoPaTa ca no-HanKo ParnonoxeH[ aa p/ulaT koraro noqyBc-rByBar, qe ca nono-

xeHu rpuxl, 3a Tix, Koraro ru rPeThPar Karo goBeuJ(r4 crul€crBa, a He karo aua 3BePOBe, Kor4To TPr6Ba Aa ce raTBoprl B knerKa, hEa nPxrHaqu, qe ToBa e Taxa, 11 aopu aKo orP,lqarenHnle 06ulecrBeH,l

nporB, HarexaBar cPeuty T,rx, arraiHePtr

lrra ra 3aaaea aa

crsaaBa oxonHa cPeaa 3a HacoBo noceTeHhTe cnoPTH14 cr6,{Tr4r, nPr xor4ro arePuanHurr Pea naPnPa vHAhBu_

cTBoTo. ToBa Beqe ce nPa(TrKyBa Ha Hrkori MecTa n axo To3ri onrT ce nonynrPn3xpa,

AyanHrr

Heo6xoAx,rocrra

nPeaxrBHKsa y HrKov cqynBaHe Ha TeneBn3noHeH anapaT B KtUry. Ax3aiHlT Ha reneBrahoHsrire anapaiu Bnu?a B xoHneTeHTHocTTa Ha a,rrarHe-

or Ar3a;Hepr, KoxTo

nPeAcTaBrf HeqaTa xaTo ,,cBtPuJer

{axr", a qe orroBaprr

3a cr3AasaHelo Ha en€MeHTI OT kOnTO BC,XO Cet1eiCTSO Ule Hoxe Aa noA6epe no cBoi BKyc roBa, xoero My e Heo6xoArHo. Ax3aiHepal Moxd Aa ce onkTa aa PtxoBoan n oKa3aa BnrlrHre npx h36oPa, Ho He ute ioxe Ae AlkTyBa. tlacT oT cBo6o4HoTo sperre 6fi orlo Aa ce

x nPrKoTo CrsAaBaHetO Ha

u3nor3yBa koHcTPyKTrsHo

BKnp9BaHe Ha XOpaTa

cBorTa HenocpeAcTBeHa oxonHa cpeaa 6, Morno Ia npeceqe ceraL!Hx, BbTp€ureH QopManln3!f1

noBeAeHreTo Ha ansaiHe-

Spen,rulBrire cnoproBe c€ {on€6arr Ha rpaHuqaTa Ha ToBai KoeTo cnoPea HeH e coquanHo nprleMnrso lrnn ocrAxrenHo. rlecHo

H r4

x Hn

nrlH.

ro3HaBaH cflyqat!,

xoraro

or noPaxeHrero xcrePn,

nopoAeHaTa

phTe, KaKTo t To!t! Ha Bcrqkv H34env, Ha 6rroBara enel(TporexH,lKa, Te3rl npoeKrn ca no-HanKo BlnHyBaqx or axraiHa Ha

.oneHrTe cTaaxo. ,r, Ho raaoBonraaT arraiHeprre, npooecvoHanHoro yAoBflerBopeHXe Ha XOTITO He Ce OnpeAeni caho oT

O6xgartr na

alr3aiHepcKara AeiHocr,

cElP3aH CrC CAO6OAHoTO aPeHe, Ce nPOCTr,lPa

Han-Hankm rpaH3xcropeH anapar ao Nai-roneHnre crcr$arenHx rxr14. CBo6oaBOIO gpeie ce 3antnBa c e!aa, noceulaBaHe Ba 3OOnOrr!9eCKl,, rPaAh8l,l, t1y3eI, TeaTPrl,

Ha aPexr, qereHe u apyrr.r. 3anmnanlrero Hoxe Aa 6bAe Hari-

n PecroPaHr'r, uxeHe

nPoclo KaTo xrPaTa 6yn Brs OPaHrlr, l,tnl4 l{ernx B AHrnxr, 6aner rnr onepa. Ho ra Aa 6!Ae Ae;crBx-

renHo aeiHocr Ha cBo6oaHoao BPeMe,

cBo6oaHoro rp16Ba aa 6}Ae n}06nrencKa - 6tae pa6ora Bpexe Ha eauH qoBeK Moxe aa

ra apyr.

Cera ra AxraiHepHTe xMa eaHa

Hosa

cneqhanHo xrrPaaeHl,]re aoHoBe ra npeKaPBaHe Ha cso6o4Horo EPefle: Kyn-

Por'r,

TyPHx qeHTPOSe,

ctc cqesa 3a nE6uTeflcK,

TeaTPanHl,l rl3ntnHeHxr, HrPanH14 3ar"r, cTy_ aHo 3a xyaoxH,lqx. cloPtxeHu, 3a n3Pa' 6orBaHe Ha hoAenr, rrnox6eHn nPocrpaH_

crBa. Te Horar aa 6baar ranl(,r, la o6cnyxBaHe Ha MecrHl, Kone(T,1Ba'l ,11'lu ron€M11 (aTo NoBrs HaquoHaneH qeHTtP 3a n3K/cTBO u xynrypa (orro c€ crPo,l s naPnx. ahsararT Ha Telh qeHTpoae ce Pasrnexaa Karo t rxflro'{flTe,lHo nPaao Ha aPxnTeKTxTe, Ho

cr yBePeH, qe Te ule ,r3nlnHiT no' e+exrnBHo QyBKr.lrrxr€ cn, aKo Axsa;HePl,l v rpaouqv 6x,Aar BKnrcgeH,l B Ar,1!aisePcKr,{f, EKUTi OT PAHHNTE AHU H OfOPMf,HE HA

Or arraiHepure ce

oqa(Ba coeuraneF

nPrHoc no orl.loueBrle Ha r3aenrlrTa

Mecrara ra nPekaPBaHe Ha cBo6oaHoro BPe-

e. no aeouHHqu, aHiaiHeprr e He caHo

cBrp3aH

c TexHofloTnrTa, Hol, c HyxaaTa

aa ce nPoxrBexaar nPeaHeru H npeaHeTr, (ou-ro ,llnlfiaaT ctc 3aaoBoncTBo

rl, nPhrexasa r

"3non3yBar. Heo6xoar4lrocrra aa ce 3aaoBonraar xopara ce noAqepraBa BlB BcrKa AeiHocr Ha cBo6oaHoro Bpe e. npeKapsaHero Ha (Bo6oaHoro Bpe e 6e3 yaoBoncrB,,e e caropalpyuraBaqo n porxBope,l ue. ToneHxle npeanpheMaq,! PrAxo ce ThPcir: noBeqero oT HiunTe Hyxa[ lloTai aa ce ]aaoBonfiT Hr eaBo qoBeur(o PaBHhqe x crrPya"3xc{Bar HH9eCTBO XeXAy Acrqkl,l OHe3r, KOTITO AOnPMHaCTT 3a CrsAaBaHe Ha oKonHa cPeaai noaxoarqa 3a npeKapaaHe Ha cso6oaHoro

re apxhreKrl,, npoMr.rurneH!r aulaiHepu rn$ A{rariHepr-rpaouqx, aHrpononosu, nPenoaasaren14 hnn nHcrPyKroPr. Ysenrqasaxero Ha cBo6oaHo-ro Bpexe EpeHe, 6hnx

ct3aaaa 8oBl4 nPo6neix, Ha KorlTo ar3aiH€pxre rpr6Ba Aa HaMeprr peureHxr. Ha-

nocernTenl, HaPyuaBar T,ltul,rHara, Heo6xo_

arHa ra cB€pqaBaHe. ToBa e oute eaHo npeAh3BriKarencrBo ra an3aiHePrre aa

HanPaBrT raKa. 're aa e st3MoxHo xhnraH xopa Aa noceutasar o6exrx, npeAHasHaqeH{ nrpBoHa'ranHo ra anqnHa; aa naPkePar HHOrO konh 6e3 roBa aa HaPyuaBa oKonHara cPeAa; aa nPeaaaaT hcToPnqec{o sHaqeHre H KPacoTa Ha eaHa crPaaa la xoPa, Korro He ca HayqeHk aa Ha6nEAasar; aa ocxryPtr

iecra 3a

KellnxHr

ocxB€pHrBar

Perl:erunra

Te3, npo6nexn ca (PaiHo HanoxxrenNu. Caio afi3ariHepure ca B ctcrotH$e aa ru A3

clr

pa3rn€xaan KPynHffi nPo6neM

cBo6oAroro BpeHe B nPorrxurneHu xonel(TnBr rl clM Ha6enr3an HiKorl BtnPocr 3a no"HararlurHo o6clxaaHe. 3a

L Kax roxer aa nPon3BexAaMe cPeacrsa 3anrnsaHe Ha cBo6oaHoro BPehe B crHna

Ha 20-rrt seK, Koiro Pa3PeoaBa acoBo nPonraoacrBo, caexaa Ao rrxHr4 y u3nonrsarero na trarepuanr x rPya, 6e3 ToB1 Aa 6rAe ra cxerKa Ha n3(cl{aHn, Bra Ha saHarr-

.rxicKnre uraenut or MnHanoro?

2. Moxex nu aa Hal{anl,lt,l cnoxHocrra Ha n3aenxf,Ta, npeaHa3HaeeHx 3a cao6oAHoro yBenn'{tr1'l y40soncrBxeTo nonlysaHero HH.rPes onPocrrBaHe ?

sPeYe, aa

3. Tpr6aa nu anlaisePnre 4a o6Plurar

noBe'{e sNHMaHre BtPxy aelaiHa Ha crno_ 6reMxre Koinnekrfi, TaKa qe 3aBlPtlleHxrr nPea$er Aa aocraBi Br43yanHo yaoBnerBoPeHre x gyBcrBo 8a roPAocl oT aocTrrHa_

4. AKo u3rpaxAaHero Ha xnnu!]Hx, HH_ reprop-rpr6Ba aa ce AoBEPUIBa or xoPara, KoflTo ro o6rrasaa, Horar nu ah3aiHePxre aa nPoeKTkPaT noaxoaru]x eneHeHTx x aa AaBar nPenoPlr(I,

KaxBa

la nPeanoqxTaHn

e ponrra

x3flrn_

Ha Ar3aiHePa 3a HaHa'

nraaHe Ha HanPexeHnero, noPoaeHo or no6eaara nnu nopaxeHvero nPn 3PenxurHn-

or roneHHr 6pon nocerrrenr, rar nocrrn ao rax?

Konro cera

Ocraaux xaxpar eahx flpo6neH, Koiro

He 6HBa aa ce npeHe6perBa. ToBa e npo6net1t-r !a nprHyarrenHoro cso6oaHo BpeMe Ha ,nxoHhTe 6erPa6orHx. ToBa He e 6ner, Ko;ro eAHa Av3aiHepcKa xoHfep€Hqxi Hoxe aa Peu6, Ho Hne He Hoxei aa.o Ha ctBeulaHue, nocBereHo Ha

cso6oAHoro BpeHe.

HanoxeHoro He3aero speHe He e cBo6oaHo apeHe; To e !no, npn'{nHeHo or

HeeOeKTxBBx

noj]rirHqe-

c(r,r cHcreHr. CBo6oaHoro BPe e rpr6Ba aa clnlrcTayBa rpyaa, To e eal4H acneKT Ha o6ulv, crvn Ha xisor. To rHa cHrctn Karo nPea eT Ha arcKycr4, caHo Koraro BceKH Moxe aa Pa6orx 14 Koraro nPeacraBnrBa ny(c, KoiTo ce npeaocraE, Ha rerr, xonro ca u3BoloBan, npaBoro aa Hy ce paaaaT. Cao6oAnoro Bpere ioxe Aa 6rAe palTOBaPBaHe nnU HrnPerHaTo ycnnxe, rroxe Aa 6tae hrpa 6nH yqeHn€, l43fltn8eHu€ Ha .o6cr.eHo xenaHHe rnr,r o6tuecreno raarnxe8,!e. Ho noao6Ho Ha acrl(a qoBeurl(a AeiHocr ro npeAnonara,rrnon3Baielo Ha

npeAHerru cloprxeH,rr, Pa6orHara cno-

co6Hocr Ha,{oaeKa

yaoBnet'Bopexxero Hy

cBo6oaHoro BP€r4€ ce yBen{9aaar or e$eKTrBHocrra la Kpacorara Ha H€.oBnre

nPeaieTx

r croPrxeHrr. 6er

cgo6oaxo

Bpet1e HrMa aa xxa ny6nvka B TearPnre lr KuHara, Ha 6anerure H KoHqepfsre, Hfiila prr(oBoAcTBa c aa x a aPyrv xHcTPy(qHH, HfiKaKB'r necss t{ TaHqr, oakrrr,,{e cBo6oaHoro Bp€ie ce yBenrqe '{aBa a iHoTo cTPaHH € aoKa3aTencTBo. cr1e cBo6oAHn Aa npolsaexAaM€ ocHo8Htt croplxeHri 3a xrBor, 6e3 ocaKarraaula

eAHoo6parHa pa6ora.

Tan, KrAero clure-

crByBar resk ycnoshr, Br3HrKBaT Hoxecrao Hosl4 BlsHOxHocrr 3a n3taa Ha afisaiHePure aa fiinvrBar 3aaoBoncrso or co6crBeHara

-c,

pa6ora, (aro ysenrqar cnoco6Hocrra Ha Apyrure aa ce 3a6aBnrBar. Haulara 3aaa,ra

Karo AhiaiHepH e aa cnyxni pe3ynrarHo xyHaHHo Ha xoPaTa, xoxfo cera HoraT aa e:rBr'rexar non3a oT nPooeclroHanHoro Hl, yHeHne, aoKaTo H(e ce crPer4n 9Pe3 coqnanHa n flOrriTr,lqecKa Haiteca Aa O(l,lryPvH yqacTxeTo Ha 11Ho3l4HcTEoTo rprpaHa KoH6hHaqrf, or rpya n cBo6oAHo BpeHe, (orro e npulHaK Ha qrsxnxraqri. r,r

6. Kaxaa e ponara

Ha anlairHePa,

pa6oTx crB14ecTHo c aPxrreKTx,

Ro;ro

14H)l(eNePM u

PacTHanflTe BL3r1o)XHoCTv 3a nlryBaHff no3EOnrBaT nPrAsvxBaHe 8a noEeqe xopa 40

coqlronoin, B AxsaiHa 8a rone xynrypxra uenrpoael

crPaaH, rPaaose aPxeono'-1croP,1\recKt1 nae€cK, 06€xrn. Konrqecrsoro'4 rannaLuga aa 6nourx xaeecrBoro - roneHtrrr 6poi

re,

M ManKn

7. Ka(so orar Aa HanpaBrr anraiHepr_ 3a aa 8e ce Pa3Pyuasar ncroPrqe.R,

crpaAh, rpaaoBe H apxeonoruqecKlr o6eKT,l

h3nox6ATA ,,An3.Ai-H- B OnAKOBKATA,, HAC'

XPAIIEBCI(A

or.o.oPei Pearrop ra Ha

l-leirrp.

HT4EPA

x{6opi.'r,oH,,r. rra.ut

npl, crBpeHeHHxre {opnr xa ruproecxo

o6cnyxBaHe onaKosKaTa uTpae Bce no-ronr-

i1a Pont, Tt oTAaBHa He e cailo cpeAcTBo 3a ocrryPrBaHe saulura Ha npoayKTa, Ho,

HochTen Ha,rH(poPHaqxoHHr,r

PeKnaiHx

{yxxurr. Ero raulo rHTepecrr Ha HauJara

o6ulecrBeHocr xrra noAo6prBa8e crcror-

HleTo Ha onaKoBKrT€ B cTpaHaTa Henpe" ce 3achnBa, Ilonarar ce cl,rcreirxr

cTaHHo

rprxx qerl

3a nposexAaHe Ha 3aArn6oqeHa

acoq

eHa

xoHcTpyr{lopcKa. TexHonoflr.rHa HePCka

Hayq Ho u3cn eAo EaTenc ka,

Au3ai-

aeiHocr,

h3nox6ara,,A!3aiHrr B

ona(oBkara",

xoa1o ce cbcTo, npe3 HoeHBpx 1975 r. B ,anara Ha CEX Ha yn. ,,tlunxa" 6 CoQrr,

noKa3a nPenoHHnr r4oHeHT B Pa3BrTxeTo Ha

onaKoBtgHoto aeno B HaLlaTa clpaHa

ocHosara Ha,l3arPurexaTa nPe3 nocneaHhTe roaxHx r3cneaosaTencKa, KoHcTP/KToPcl(a x 4n3aiHepcKa AeiHocr. OpraHHreropr{re Ha ,t3nox6ata KotlrTeTtT 3a HayKa, .rexHr- ,! sr,!cuJe 06p:u,oBaHxe, Ha9ecK,1 nPorpec qroHanHllrT qeHT-bP 3a nPoifl,rJJrleHa ec]e-

r(Ka, KoHnr€Tbr 3a l,lsKycrBo t1 Kyr'rypa Cllo3Lr Ha 6rnrapckrrre xyAox8lrqn uraxa" !a qen nMeHHo ToBa 3anorHarT HauJaTa - aa 06qecrBeHocr cneqrlanhcrn, norpe6v-

nocTlrHaToTo a o6racTTa Ha ona(oBKrTe nPer nocneaHrTe roaxHx, aa cnPaT BHxHaHheTO Ha nOcefllTennTe Bbpxy peanr3'lpaHxTe ycnex, l, aonycriaTvTe cna6ocTrr, aa 3arHTepecyBaT 8ce no-urrpoK KPrr cnereflr, c

qrar,lcTl. crc cnoxHrTe q

PalHoo6pa3H!

l,l Ha onaKoBaseTo, 3a q[eTo ycfleuHo PeuraBaHe e seo6xoasra clBxecTHaTBopgecka Pa6oTa xexay r,rKoHo14ycTl4, TexHono-

nPo6ne

3v, xoHcTPyrfopx x ar3aiHepn, Ha ,rnox6ara 6rxa noxa3aHx 350 eKcnope3ynrar or pa6orara Ha 65 xyAoxHara

Huqv-nPoexraHTl xHxeHePH-KoHcTPyKTopr. no-ronriara

qacT or rrx pa6orrr B Ll€HTlpa 3a HayqHorscneAoBarencxa x ei(c-

nepr eHranHa Pa6ola no

aH6anaxa

(HhEPA), konro npe3 nocneaHur€ roa,rHv aaBa cBo, nPrlHoc B nocTlraHeTo Ha cnonyqnrBn peureHx, B o6nacrra Ha onaxoaa-

(ero. CneqnanxcTrre oT l-leHrrpa ra Hosr,r h rrQopxaurr (LlHcOlzl)

croKrr, onaKoB(u B3exa

aeiHo yeacTHe B oPaaHar3rpaHaTa

n3-

nox6a. Cpeg aaroprre nrvexa yrBrpaeHx HreHa rpaonq, PycxHoB, Maprt - Arilrrbp fopaHoBa, rlxniHa AytUeBa, AnexcaHAtp XaAxreB, AHren f]onos u Ap. HapeA c rrx B ,,3nox6ara yqacTByBaxa HHoro inaA,t xyaoxHr.,r.lx : cnexaHa Avh.ieBcka, lvlapvaHa Mr.rrosa, Hr.rxona Hrxonoo, Part,tqa CTo,!noBa, EoxHAap poprrLuea, Banexux 6yrar: cK,i, EneHa llleHKosa x ap. Ha;-ronrHo rlrcro B yirox6aTa 3aeiaxa noTPe6lTencxriTe onaxoBkn or xaprr, Ha

KaPTOi. rloBegero OT

cePfi oT

nPeACTaMrAaxa

no o6q, n rpaorliH}l 6eflerr. ToBa

onar(oBKn, cBrP3aH[

xoHcrpyKrxBH, oTroBaP,

rrx

Ha caeToBHaTa

TeHAeHqri

npo-

Tlln aa 6raaT oflaKoBaH, B TaKa HapeqeHxre (Dararnfi oT onaxoBxn. ayr(Tl1 oT eaxH

CpeA ,!3noxeHxre eKcnoHar, 6rxa KacrlTe oT norrheTMneH 3a 6yTrnkr 3a 6rPa r 6e3afl-

koxonHll HanrtKL,

Pa3Pa6oTeHr! oT

xonexTrB

cneqyanrcrx-KoHcrpyKropx or LleHrrpa Hl,lEPA c prKoBoarren H.c.r,rHx. AnekcaxAlp PaAocnasoB. BHeAprBaHeao l,1ll e cBrp3aHo c l2 !1rH.ns. 11KoHonr,{ec(y eoeKr, a

Pa3Pa6oTsaHero Ha

rHcrpy

eHTanHara

eKrnrpoBxa ca cnecreHr 500 000 BanyrHr,r B HauJara crpaHa xyAoxecrBeHoro o+oponaKoBro4re cneaBa nPrHquna Ha coqMa,I,cTrqeckl,l, peanr3!H, no 0oprra, qBrT 14 o(boPHneHre onaKoBkala TPr6Be aa oTroBaPt Ha cralPxeHoTo B He, ,!aenre, aa aaEa nPaBrnHa nPeacraBa Ha KynyBaqa 3a npoAyKTa, xoiTo BBHaraeprsa Aa KynH.

npniep

3a oflTrianHo peureHye B ToBa

oTHOUeHIe Ca OnakoBt(rTe OT pa3TernuBo tbonuo, Aeno Ha TBopqeck, xoneKrrB or l-lexnp HhEPA c prxoBoarren llai, CronqeBa. Te He caHo npeAnatlsar npoAykTal,r

noaullaBar peknaiHrre

ry cBoicrBa, Ho

aaBaT nrnHa nPeacTaBa 3a onaKosaHoTo

h3flox6ara,,AmaiHrr

B onaKoBxarar'

no-

S* I

!5 *=:

-= :.,: _.:.=

!-l:. .,_...r1

xd|a HrKo, cna6, cTpaHr Ha ona'(oBKyTe

Haurara crpaHa. Bce oqe ca ranxo nprreprTe 3a opraH reH ak3aiH clBKynHocT oT o0oprrneHrie, +yHxtlroHanHocr, KoHcTpyk-

qnr, yao6crao.

Kato xeaocrartx Ha r3nox6ara iloxe aa

.e nocoq, r,r rhncaTa Ha pa3Hoo6pasre s onaKoBlqHxTe lraTepararlr. 3a r.rapa6oreane Ha ionrxa 'tacT oT €K(noHaTtTe 6rxa ynoTPe6eHn sHocHi naTeprurft. BcrLrko ToBa cnp, BHtiMaHrero Ha Heo6xoaHtloc.rra or Pa3Pa6OTBaHe B HallaTa CrpaHa xa no-uJr.t-

raia cypo6rH, x onaKoBrqH[ haTePrarr, (oxTo 6xxa aanl' B$xoxHocT 8a Ar3aiHept,l t,l KoHcTpyKToprl Aa cr3AaAaT PO(a

SyHxr.uoHanHl. ,r yAo6Hu ia norpe6hrenrlre onaKoBxr, olnt,lqaBaulx ce c BrcoKx ecTeTrr-

gecxu h 14H(FoPxaqroHHr{ KaqecTBa.

cPEtqrl c Al43ArHA HA BENI/IKOBPNTAH'/IA Or Ha

I .qo 23 toHr 1975 r.,

B canoHa Ha

C6X

,,t!"nKa" 5 6e oTKprra [3r1ox6ara

aHrnricxr4r An3aiH. OpraHrsripaHa

KHTnBO u HaqqolranHx, qeHrrp 3a npo-

crc crBeTa no Ax3aiH Ha BenrKo6pyraHH, r LleHrpanHoTo r4Hoop aqloHHo 6lopo, xrnox6aTa noaTrrtla noctaBeHaTa qen 3ano3Hae - aa HallaTa o6utecTBeHocT c opmHr3aqurra v r.rrll,lneHa €aT€Tr{Ka, clBHec1Ho

nocThxeEurTa B o6nactTa Ha ax3aiHa eaHa cTPaHa

c Be9e cr3aaaeHu TPaarqxl4

ToBa oTHoureHre KaTo Benrxo6pxTaHxr. 3a cnequanrcrrre n3nox6ara x opraHll3rPaHlrTe Bla BPrska c He, chilno3nyr.1, no.eureHr, n Pa3roBoPx ce flPeBtPHa B nHrePecHa n non3oTBoPHa cPeuta c Korrerk, Mrcroro 1,1 3HaqeHrero Ha ,3nox6ara 3a KyTTyPHOTO CrTpyAHrigeCTAO HexAy H.P. Surapx, v Benrxo6p,,raHur 6e noaliepraHo olqe Ha orxpriBaHero i, Ha Koero nP[crcTBa x,l3BrHPeaH,rrl14 nrnHoHorqeH nocnaHrK Ha Benx(o6prraHffi y Hac r-H

EaylH EorlaHA,

saHecrHr,rK-hpeaceaa-

rensr sa KHT|IBO rHx. Konbo KoneB, clp flon Peinh

Ha ,aerre Ha axsa[Ha B ABe OCllOBBli HanPa8neHr' CpeA npo,r3BoarTenxT€, KaTo cn/xl, crqeaPe eNHo

ru,rPo€ nPonaraHAa

113a BPr3ka

iexay rrxl' ar3aiHePrre, ,

cPea noxynaTenrlre, PiBBr4Bai(d y ?rx Br,rcoKa B3rcxaTenHocT Klt, xaqecTBoTo Ha nPoHr,rurneHnre x3aenxt. Hai-aeicraeHa opraHH3aqln, 3a nponaraHAa I nooulPeHve Ha nocrrxeHliTa Ha AxiaiiHa e ocHoBaHnrr npq Cbsera AxranrqesTrP c HeroBaTa nocTorHHa. nePfioaxqHo noaHoBrsaHa xrnox6a Ha oxono 1000 03aenpol,3BeaeHt4 c yqacTrleTo Ha a63aiHeP

nrr,

Hoceql4 BncoKtl KaqecTBeHx

B KaproreKara Ha AfiraiH-qeHTlpa ca axnrc-

qeso oKono 10500 nlaenrr, r(oxro 14Mar raPaHqffi nPaBo ,qa Hocrr Heroall, rHaK

LleHTLPrr- nPrTexaBa KaPToTeka Ha Pa6oTeul,!'re B

3a svcoKo (aqecTBo.

cbLqo TaKa

Adrnrr

AxsanHepn. Tlo ro!r,! Ha'rhH Tor,r urnrnHrBa +yHKr,thr,r Ha aenoBu oPraH, cB!PlaH lrcr{o c nPoMxurneHocrra, c abPxaaHrTe r,r Au3aiHepcKr{ opraHn3aqhr. tlH0oP aqxoHHara

AeiHocr

CtEera no Alr3a;H sKnloqsa

Ha SpHraHcxr,lt - ArpeKrop clBeT no Ar3aiH. crsaaTenrTe Ha ,3nox6ara rcneu,r,ro 6rxa peurrnt,l3aAa'rara 9pe3

n r3aaaaHeTo Ha norHaroTo,1 aBloPITelHo y Hac cnvcaH,re ,,Ar3aiH". ocses ocrqecTsrBaHeTo Ha BP!3Xa Mexay nPo rrurne-

PaSBXTUeTO Ha eXCnOSUqrtia Aa 3anO3HarT noceTnTenxTe c oPraEr3aqfirTa Ha cryx6sTe no AxsaiH, o6pa3oBaHfieTo no Al13aiH, c

exeroas14 Harpaav ra 4o6!P 4x3aiH, ctBeTbT nprKo yqacrByaa { a noaToros(ara Ha

Pa6oraTa

nocTuxeHHrTa Ha peArqa All-

v orAenHn au]aiHegx, kaxTo t1 aa cnPar srPxy &HTe-

3aiHepcKx 61opa

Pecs( Pa3Pa6OTKr4, noBeqelo OT r(orro ca nonyqrnt,l PasnxqHx HarPaa, ,a aH3aiH. CrBerLT no arsaiH BlB Benr.rxo6puraxrr o+rqxanHa opraHM3aqrr, cy6cnAypa8a

-or

Aapxa*ara

e GrAaAeH npe, 1944

qen aa ocnryP,l- c Bcrqxn

Br3froxHr npaKTy-

cecKn cpeAcrBa n0406prBarero AutarHa npoAykq,!rTe Ha aHrnricKara npoHxulhesocT.Cbsertr He e npo+ecxoHanHa opraHyNa

raqrr

Ha Al,llaiHdpla

Toi e opraHnraqffi

ra nooulPiaaHe h nonynrpx3rrpaHe Ha nocTr,l"

Ha AfiraiHa u KoopArHflpaHe Ha AeiHocTTa B Ta3, o6fiacT. ClaeT.bT 60411

xeHrrra

Hkr,ll, r,1 ar43ariHePl, t,l nPl,lc]xaaHero

qpe3 aerHocr, cBtpraHa cneqvanucrn Ha cTyaeHTrTe no xaKTo c o6yqeHveTo alr3aiH, TaKal, € noBxr!aBaHeTo 8a kBanl,+x*aqlrra Ha apyrh, cBrpsaHu c npo xune$oro nPo!r3BoAcTBo cneqranr!cTlr. Brdpocnre 3a noAroroaKa Ha Afi3aiHepcxv

xaapfl 6rxa ocaereHH B cneqraneH Pa3aen Ha h3nox6ara, xraero Hapea cl,c cTyaeHfcK14 pa3pa6or(fi 6eue noka3a! ,HrepecHrrT 3a Hac OaKT, qe o6yqeHuero no Ar3aiH, r4 cneaoBar€flHo, noaroroBKara Ha 6!aeql,re cne-

qranrlcTu, lanovBa oq€

s y'{nnrqHa

a}3-

Pacr.

Ha ,3nox6ara 6rxa no{a3aHn npeanHHo

l,raenff 6paH,

oT c€PxiHoTo nPor!3BoacTao, noaxaproreKara Ha Au3aiH-qeHTtpa.

x.c. XPI.ICTi,IHA CIAHqEBA

- UnCXn

:,-:.. -"::r

6rxa H3aenu, c (ynrypHonpeaHarHaqeHre eAuH HarcrxHa 3a non€B, .nexrbP, or r, ,rxPocKon vrcneasaHur, €neKrPoHHn qa3a aoiauJllo o63aBex-

ao aeTcxrTe HrPa'{Kr,3a cbxanesxe, 6rxa HanKo r3aenxrra, unlocrpxpaqH 3acxneHffi nPe3 nooreaHoTo aeceTrneTve x8' Tepec Ha aHrnuicxr,lTe arlanHePu xrH nPoeKT'rPaHe 8a oPoHuurneH}l caoPrxeHrr, Ho aaH€

roBa rBHo e 6xno nPoanKrysaHo

xeHrr

Mrcro,

or clo6pa-

TpaHcnoPt. h3nox6ara 3anosHa nocerrrenur€ u € nPxHePv la KoinneKceH noaxoa nPn peuasaHe Ha cnoxHlr nPo6neMx PasPa6oreHH, or rpynara 3a

,,1'leararpaulroranea Ax3a;H 3a uH+opHa-

qroHHara areHqlrr ,,Poirep", axnrov aau.l l(ar('o xeHqenaPc(ll npuHaanexHocTr.t, {a6uHerHoTo o63aBexAaHe x rexHn'{ecxfire croPrx€Hrrr, TaKa x PaanocTaHqurTal, crpa-

Aara Ha rnaBHoro ynpaaneune a flon4or, raia or poTaqroHHn BrtayruHr, (oMnpecopr, npoekT paHntr nponlseAeHy or dyor.lata ,.^aHAPoBexH xo npecop KrEnaHy nnHHTea't, '{acr oT nopeanqaTa ctoprxeHu, la

o6y.r€H'ae no arollHa 0xi'a'(a, npo€xrHpaHa 14 nPor3BeaeHa or ,,TenrPoH nurlnrea" r,r aP.

Yxecr8o e Aa qrrxparre liircxBaHr!rra K! ao6poro ar3aiHepcKo peureHre, AeKnaprpaHM Or OpraHr3aToprTe Blpxy eaHo or reK-

cToBITe ta6na: ,,3a Ar3arHepcl(x Ao6pe o+opHeH npoexr ce c'{xTa To3r,r, xoiTo: u3nrnHrBa npeaHa3HaveH(eTo cx ao6pe;

B eproHotlr4t{ecKo oTHo_ - e l,raLPxaH ureHre H e 6eronacHeH npl,l ynorpe6a: ,Ma yaoBneTaoprTenex BIHIUeH

- xxe 406po MaTepxanr;

t,l3nlnHeHfie

Bl1A;

or noAxoArlr.tu

e npxeilrriBa l. - Oa6pr,rHara orrosaP, Ha flpeaHa3HaqeHxeTo la aaaeH q€Ha

na3aP".

Ae;crsxrenHo noKa3aHure {tAenl,l,

nocrHoro peureH{e

tlr-

x3nox6ara unpcrprrPaxa eayH cLBPeHeHeH x ycneureH noaxoa

Sopr,ror,r3rpaxaaHero Ha npoHxuJneHxre

,iAenl,lr. CTpororo crorBercrBx€ HexAy {opnara r $yxxqr,lrra, crpeiexrr r(rx rexHrqecko yclBrpuieHcTayBaHe11 HoBaTopcrBo (xe cnyqaiHo B finox6ara nprcrcrBy&r s pa3Aen ,,HoBx peujeHur B o6racrra Ha Ax3aiHa"); tl,lrpoKoro r3norl3),BaHe

Ha HoBr,r,

ctBPeieHHrl iaTepkanx B nt,lHo ctoTBeTcTBIe

ruri

C HOarTe (aqecTga, Kor4To T€ npeana-

nrnonrysaHero Ha yHutlrqkpeHu enexeHT, r4 HOAyIHO npoeKTypaHe, 3aarnxxterlHoio cro6pa3rsaH€ c xKosoti(qecKyre noKa.raTeIfl, He Ha nocneaHo xrcTo Bl,1coKOTO (aqeCrBO Ha y3nlnHeEue

TOsa

BCnrtKO

e aoEero ao pe3ynTaTr,.KorTo oul€

BeAHrx Ae[oHcrpr{paxa npeA Hauiara 06ulecrgeHocr Neo6xoAlraocrra M non3ara or A{3aiHepcxa raiece B npoHx[uneHoro npoexrrpare. h BbnpeK!, '{e nokaraH[Te r!3Aenxi 6ixa npoeKrupaHh or pa3nreP't Ay.laiHepln x npou3seAerin oT pa3ny,{HH Crpllx, eaHo nonoxrrenHo xavecrao rr o6eArarsauJe

l,1

cnoHarauJe 3a ct3aaSaHeTo Ha

nocr} rr o6nnx noagl4HeHo Ha

kbH !flacTr!(a

el(cnotrqrrra

qt-

crporo,

oyrlr'leH Bxyc oTHotleHre qBrT,

l,t3'{1,!c.reHo

oT caHo-

rtpcexrn. h axo rpr6Ba Aa roBoprH !a rpaArqxl, a o6nacrra Ha q€nHy OopHanH}'

6prlaHcxra, Ar3aiH, ro rpr6Ba c yBaxeHre Aa norBlpAxr, qe aHrnyicKrre AHiaixepla

ca ocTaHan, BepHn Ha AeBr3a Ha ,3IOX6aTa

,,Ponr

xyaoxHxKa s npornrr]neHocrra

Benuxo6prraxnn", opraHt,tirpala npe! 1964 r. g Mocxsa roBa e ,,Ar3aiH

PaqroHanHocT, BlnnlTeHa B 3pxfla

+opxa!.

3a 6rnrapck!4re cneqvan{c B o6nacrra 6e oco6eHo xsTePecHo aa ce

Ha ar3eiHa

lanolHaiT c rero4a xa pa6ora Ha aHrnricKITe

Cl,l

l(Onerl,

finbcTPrPaH or HtKorlKo

pa3pa6orxr, noKasaH, B PaaBrrre. 3a Trx nepxoalT, nPe! KoiTo QyHkqxoHrPauJe r!3-

nox6ara, 6e cBrP3aH

oPraHr3[PaHrTe

arB BP!3l(a C 8e' cfitlno3ryr.r x cPeq]r c asrnnicKx ax3aiHepr. TBopqecxh PaaroBoPlr

crc crrPyaH qx

Ha LlnEXn ,Haxa

crp nop Peinx n KeHer TpeiHAx (or rpy-

nara ,,neHTarpaH"). npeA ,{acr or nPoeKTaHTCKffi CrGTas Ha LleHrbPa KeHeT Tpe;HAx pa3kala xl pa6orara Ha rpynara ,,fieHTarpaH". Haurrre cneqranrcrr,! x3cnyc }lHTePec nPxaPyxeHrTe c nPoxexqui PeinM Ha arano3rrxslr aoknaa, Ha clp 3a AeiHocrla Ha Au3aiH-qeflrlpa, Ha KeHer

uaxa

flor

fpeiHAx, xoiTo npeacraB, aoKnaaa

ao6pe no3Harxr y Hac ar3aiHeP 6Proc Apqrp x Ha nHx. Xe8px KoH.re6!n. B nocneaHk, c aHrnvicKo qyBcrBo ra xyioP

6rxa l,|rnoxeHn cxBaqaHxrra Ha aHrrlricKrTe axlaiHePr ra orHoLr]eHgSTa c TexHtqecKgTe cneqrafl11cTll

lexHr'lecxrlle

k3rrc-

l'locraBe,]o 6e eaHo ao6po Haqano Ha rexAy 6rnraPcKrre x aHrnvicKr.r ar3aiHePr. A al(o TPr6Ba aa T.bpc,tM 3HaqeHveTo Ha Enox6ara t,l Ha npo(Decxo8anHnre Bp!3Kr{

rocTyBaHero Ha aHrnricknre ar3aiHep, !a qrnaTa HaLla o6utecTBeHocr, To c yAoareTBopeHre Tpr6Ba aa Kaxeir, qe re nPeacrasnrBaxa eaHa ycneuJHa cTtnKa no ntT, Ha KynTyPHOTO CLTPyAHrqeCTBO

crPaHn.

nexAy ABeTe

nPoMk uJnEHVIflT At/,3.Artlts. B CTpAt-{ArAAOMAKT4H HA I X-T148 KOHFPEC npoHfi uneHnr-r Atl3aiH e KareroprlqHo aHTaxrPaH B coq{anHo I uKoHor,rI9ec(o orHoureHue u E cls.lHocrra cH e 4!n6oKo .qetoKparrveH. Tori e npr,rraax aa cnyx,r Ha urrlpoKfiTe cnoeBe Ha o6qecrBoro, aa yqaarBa B c!3aaBaHero Ha HoBx orHouJeHnr.

raexay LroseKa n npeaieTuTe, TaKa exay caHvre noTPe6rTen,r, Ah3aixrT

KaKTO

[exay

paTyBa 3a e,4uHcTBo

n xyt,aHvraPHoTo

TexHvqecxoTo

Haqano,

CoqHan[3M]T, no caorra npHpoAa, npeaocTaB, HeorpaHr9eHrl at3HoxHocrr4 3a Pa3srTre Ha ar3ariHa. cro6PasHo cneqr(b6(ara xy. Ha rosa c€ araxl' u o6qonPu3HarH, np,lHoc a ArsaiHePxre B CCCP l.l coqrann_ CT14'{ECKTTE CIPAHT B TEOPfi'TA N NPAKTI(ATA

Atljai{z.

Ha CCCP

npr.rxaanexH npxopHrera B caHoro +opxkPaxe Ha ar3ai epcKare npoSecar. Oule flpe, 1920 roA.. c nocra8oBne8l,e 8a CoBHapKorra, noAnucaHo oT rleH,lr.], ce o6eAuHxxa crflrire Ha rnaAara crBeTcKa xyaoxecTBeHo-TexHrlqecKa HHTennreHqH,

BXYTEMAC (Bucula xyAoxe€TseHo-TexHhqecKs

1926 roA.

arenrera), a no-KrcHo

BXyTEI4H (B6cur xyAoxe"

HHcruryr), Koxro

nPeBlpHaxa B aPxIteKT/PHo-xyaoxecTBeHo CllAaSaHe Ha ABXX€Hlr€ C OCHOBHa qell ecrer',r3t1paHa npoH3BoacrBeHa cpeaa x 6rr 3a TpyaeulhTe ce or nlpaaTa B lBeTaarpxaBa Ha pa6o1H14rlrIe k cenrHnre. 3axoronepno e, v€ BXyTEMAC ce nof,BH eAHoBperre8Ho

c ABnxeixe.ro EAYXAYC B

fepHaHnf,

aPx'lreKrx H l.lHxeHep',

aeno Ha xyaoxHuqr, c nPorPecxBHn , nPocoqnafl,(rncecxH y6exA€Hxr, Korrro npecneABaxa n0406xI qefl, B CBOeTO TBOpqeCTBO, npuHqlrn,rre, Hacnea-

crsoro

SAYXAYC

BXYTEMAC rcro-

PnqecKx c€ nPeBrPHaxa B ocHoBa Ha eEpo-

neicKffi an3aiH H riMar rrKnrcqrr€nHo ronrrlo rHa'reHne !a PasBvTueTo Ha clsPel'leH-

TeoPk, r nPafixl<a Ha ax3aiHa. TBop.recrBoro Ha xyAoxHr,flll4Te,r apx$rexrrre or BXYTEMAC H BXYTEhH Karo HaTa

TarnrH,

flxcrqKv, ahN36ypr, BecHuHx r.r rp., kaKro h csrPyaHrsecrBoro Ha rBopr.l14 or apyr,1 PoA,reHKo,

Mena,xoa,6pau

v3KycrBa x xaHPoBe Karo l'lar{oBcKr, AireHu{ariH, Asrra BeproB ca Aoxa3alencrBo 3:I Arn6oqrHala I O6XBara Ha eaHa Hoaal 6e3npeqeaeHTHa Kolrqenqr, 3a x3rpaxaaHe Ha xaPioHrqHa, l{aTePranHa ]r ayxoBHa

xynrypa Ha coqHaarcTr,iqec(oTo 06ulecrso. B ToBa ce c6cror o6uoqoseuJxoro SHaqeHve Ha KynTyPHOTo HacrreacTBo oT aBaaecetTe

roevnv s cccP, BrnPeK,l qrnaTa Ey cnoxnocT r npoTlBoPeqraocT. HapacrHanxre ilarepranHH BlsiroxHocrrl Ha claeTcKaTa arPxase nPe3 30-Te roarHx

ocxryPrxa oGurecTBraaHeTo Ha HHoxeaTBo ar3a;rHepcKr,! haeu rl nPo€KTH. crBpeHeHHOTO O63aBeXAaHe Ha nPOrrlUrIeXqTe rr!-

raHa, Ha flrPBr4Te neT,,neTxu

- AHenPoTec, iocKoBcxr,lrT HeTpononHTeH,,IleHrH", noABI)(lltlrT clcraB Ha xeneronrTHlrt x rPaacKr,l, TPaHcnoPT, nlPBeHquTe Ha ctBelcxoro aBToHo6xnocfpoeHel, caMonerocrpo€He ca 6necrFu{i 06Pa3qv

Ha an3aiHeP"

cKoro TBopqecTao. Cneg Benrxara ore'recrseHa Boi8a, BbnpeKH Texknre ycnoSl, Ha Bt3cTaHoBrTer{ai nepl4oa, ArpxaBara Ha llexr.+r nporat1 HrKnloqrr€nHa aafl HoBhaHocT, Karo oraenx BHl,l

aHre ,l cPeacTBa ra Pars'4T"eTo

Afira;Ha. CriAaBaHero Ha 6rclrr14re xyAoxecrBeHo-nPot414trlneH,i

yqqnHUta

Moc-

roa. n n3rpaxaaHeTo Ha nlPBaTa cneqxanl4rxPaHa an]aiKBa14

fleHrxrpaa npei

19,{5

HepcKa opraHrraqn, APxxrexryPHo-xy- xrx HaPKoMara 3a aoxecrBeHoTo 6ropo

TpaHcnopTHo HaurkHocrPoeH€ 1946 roa.

nPe3

firpBvre peanHx pe3ynrarn

HoBrrl eran

B palBvrHero xa 60-re roav" AesaiH Hacrrnu Ht1. AKTyanHxre 3aaaql4 Ha Hayqso-TexHr'{ecxara p€aon}oqrlr, r3nl3aHeTo Ha crBer" cKara npoErrLlre8a nPo.qyKqHf, Ha uHPor(ut aPyt4 8a hexayHaPoaHHr rrProBcKl,l 06HeH l.l nocTorHHaTa rPfixa 3a H3anraHe 6naroclcrorHr€To Ha rpyaeu.lriTe ce o6ycnoBxxa ,3rpaxaaHeTo Ha HoqHa arPxaBHa cucreMa 3a atr3arH B CCCP. B p$ynrar Ha nocraHoB" neHrero Ha crBera Ha irHxcTPl,lTe Ha cccP ra noao6prBaHe Kaor 28.1V.1963 roa.

'recTBoTo Ha npoayxqxrra Ha Haur,lHocTpoe-

(.,.i,ts.c..pr, ttBAH C,IAAOa

- LlnExn

Ha3Hage8[e

c KynrypHo-6xro8o npeano nrT, Ha BHeaprsaHelo Ha

ieToaxKaTa

Hero14 croKxre

xyaoxecrBeHo npoeKTHpaHe

ce ct3AaAe Bceclto3Hrr Hay'rHo-M3cneAo-BaTeICXl,l l,lhcTnTyT 3a npot1ruJn€Ha ecTeTxxa B MocKBa, c AeBeT +rnxana B cTpaHaTa. Ta3x o,,cre a or HHcrrlTyrri noAqxHeHa Ha flr,pxaeaur Ko rrer 3a HayKa lr TexHkKa, ocbulecrsrBa HHorooTpa.noB x HexAyoTPacnoa

axraiH.

06qaTa arpxasHa cucTeMa

ce xrrPalrxa oute aae HanPaBneHrr cneqnanfi3rlpaH orpacnoB KoiTo ce ar,l3aiH,

ocrutecTBrBa oT afi3a;HepcK, 6bPa l(}h PasnnqHH MrHr4CTePCTsa

aeAOtlCTBa x

Taka HapeqeHrr eKcfl€pr4HeHT:rneH xyaoxecrBeH 4x3a;H (CeHexKara uxona)r. llper

nocreaslle

neTHaAeceT roarlH14 ce pa3u{pn

M 6a3ara 3a noaroroBxa Ha ArsariHepcKe xaAp, c!3AaAoxa ce xoeu $axynrerll ra -

Ah3aiH B peArqa xyAoxecTBeH14 l, npoHr,,Lll-

neHo-x/AoxecrBeHla BxcuJ14 y're6Hn jase-

Ctsercxfirr AutaiH cera ce oclutecrBrBa oT HhoroxHrraHa apHIa cneq9anIcTH, Kot4To nocTeneHHo o6xBaqaT B aeiHocTTa c, BcuqKl,l oTPacnrl Ha HapoaHoTo cTonaHcTBo,

OrpohHhrr nprHo( Ha ctBercKHre Axlai-

PalBxT'ielo Ha TeopyrTa u npaKTrKaTa Ha cIBPeMeHHH' ArsaiH oTAaBHa e HePl1 B

nonyqrn urPo(o hexayHapo4Ho

OcHosaxa nper

npxsHa-

l96l ro4. Karo nocrorseH

ceMyHaP no npoMyuneHo ,3xycTBo Ha 6a3aaa xa Taopvecrrae AoH Ha xyaoxHnqrre..Ce-

Hex". Or 1967 roa. ceMyiapb.e npeo6pa3yBaH

s l-.leHrpanHo y.re6Ho-e(cnepnHeHranxyaoxecTaeHo npoexrnpaHe

crylho ra

Krx Crlora Ha xyAoxHhqrre

Ha CCCP. lnaaxa uaava Ha CryAyoro e [3ygasaHero l,1 eKcneplxeHrrpaHero Brpxy xylqoxecrBeHo-€creflrqecKara crpyrfiypa Ha AHiariHa. ce rpaKr/Ba qpe3 KoHKperHqre BptlKri Ha npaKrxxara c KynrypHnre norpe6Hoc Ba clBercxoro 06qecrBo, c HeroBxre ,cro,

Pxxo-coquanHn, HHoToHaquoHanHr oco-

6eHocrv.

Btrrne4lrre n npxnaraHara heroArxa Ha Cry4roro ce ocnopBar or HrKox clBercKrl cneqxanhcrrl B Ta3, o6nacl.

)

ClBercKlire A,r3aiHep,r aKTMsHo yqacrByBar B PLKoBoAcrBoro 11 ae;Hocrra ha MexayHaPoaH14r crBer Ha oPraHr3aqHure no Ar3anH (hKC|4A) h nr4al rorrrla 3a€nyra ra Heroam nPorPecrBeH11 aeiloxPaTr,geH xa-

y6eArT€,Ho AoKa.taTercTBo 3a HexPaKTep. ayHaPoaHr,l, aBTopHTef Ha ctBeTcKtl, 4r1raiH 6e crcTornff c€ npe3 Heceq oxroHBpn nrHanafa roarHa B MocKBa lx-Tx (oHrpec Ha hKCrlA. Ha ro3, npeAcrasrreneH OopyM

ar3aiHepnle oT qrn cBrr eAHHoayurHo oqeHhxa BhcoKo nPHHoca Ha crBeTcxr,ti arlaiH s rhpceHeTo Ha Hos}l xoP,r3oHTr,3 r43rPax-

aaHeTo Ha

xaP oHr,lqHa nPeAHeTHonPocTPaHcTBeHa cPeaa 3a clBPeHeHHH, co-

l,43AENl/{fl, NPOEKT]4PAH14 B LIEHTTPA

NPOM]4IUNEHA ECTETHKA

I iau,,a

,anoaHrHa H. ptaMcHr

.txera

Ar!rt{.pH orix, lUoue!, A,,,rtp H.roAx..

{{x. Ll.er." *,.(o., ,xx. AyHyrp nerpo., crroxoi H.c. Arex..HAtp

2 Nonnnexr Hopiurrrpas,

ereiexr,

ra arperarf,.

ax3atn.p, l(oH.i.xrxH cionrno.i Xp,.ro npoaa. .,er,,Hx.

,Hx. Kor.ra{ryH reopEiM l4.aHo., EHrepyE lropA.Hor:

! vH,6{uvD.it Fo6rnH. p.Axo.rrHq" ,n'H'_ 6.@rxi N.HAgxxpo', B'Hi B!^"r dr.r;.D, ,."""""i*" cnruranrcr rHpxn B.nc..

a rai.

i..aHxtrP.,,

,xtanH.ox Orrii l.'""""i." *..,-*'

x ..ro{.r,!{paNx

'HArx' YP.a6' !t rtox'xo' lrloue., Mrrr,^'atorotx'

x{x

r€oprv fioqopan6'

s Ho.: o6,x'to.6 {. enexrp,c..*. rruerq. i..

6 E.erpo{.H

anra;iep PyieH Kx<x,Ho. x{x, M,raR Hrxoro.

A,!atH€pr Ao6porE6 neurxi 6oprs. a,a.,euia.

karxynnrop ,,Er*a 55.. . nec:reqo

Aretc.ia!P B..xr..

7 Crepeo*..ero+oc,,xox"

Arlatrcp Aonk M.Hy"or.

r.rirq..x{ .n.qxarr.r xxpxr 46

3 A.roi.rvqHa ..ts. r. q.t - P.ast.t{ Ha cr'Po slAer,e. noao6no np.ar8H.ce8r. nP, !.n.iuHe

H: Ao.rp.qar. q..r ar:.tHeP 60'r xacyr..

AHi,r!p Tpatc€.

r.lHrra nPea, H.ie.ar:

ax'itHeP'

El"4E.nnofPAavf, XHrax, nory{cHx

r 6x6nnoraxotd fio ql.IE

3I,4HLiEHKO, B. n., B. M. MyHrnoB, f. n. C onrH EproHoixqH,i ocHoBn Ha oPraHlllaqrrTa Ha TPyaa. [lPeB. or pyc. C., TexHnKa, 1975,2:26 c. un.

BONO, Ed. Eurekal How and When

the Greatest lnventions were made. London, Thames and Hudson, 1974. 2€ p. ill.

lt. LUZADDER, W. lnnovative desiSn. With an introduction to desiSn tra-

phics. New Jersey, P.entice Hall, 1975.

405 p. ill.

AsaHrapaHrtr ax3aiH. rPa$rqHrr ar3aix.

Korax Ka*ca HanpaBeHv Ha;-BenxKrre 2.

Meroarxa xyaoxecrBeHHoro koHcrpy,poBaHrr. Pea. r. 6, MxHepslH ,l ap, M., BHhhT3, 1973. 179 c. MeroaxKa Ha xyaoxecrBeHoro npoeK-

ChHf.bnTlH, Y. BlBeAeHne s ep6o-

HoHllrTa, flpeB. or arrn. C,, Texrtxa, 1975. 169 .. x^. 4.

HELSCHER,

P. H., C. H.

KOHCTPyTPOBaHTe TexHonorrvecKoro

o6opyaosaHffi B ,neKTpoHHoH haur-

cTaBa,

OEAOPOB,

B. K.

XyAoxecrBeHHoe

3Heprrr,

1975.278 c,

Xyaoxecraeno npoexrrpaHe Ha rexHonorxqeckule ctoPtxeHM, B enexTpoH-

BENTHALL, J. Science and Technoloty in Art Today. London, Thames and Hudson, 1972 l80p ill. lhcroro Ha Hay(ara x rexHrKara B

KARO, J. Graphic Desitn. Problem, lrethods. Solutions. London etc.. Van Nostrand Reinhold Book, 1975. 108 p. TpaOrKa,

t0.

B ChBpel'e{HoTo r3KycrBo.

PeaaKqroHHa Konerffi peAakroP, 9lHx, MrHxo Xaaticl(H - rnaBeH H.c. CTe+aH BLreB, rHx. A-p Ht xonat fpaArHapoB, rHx. feoPrx KnrcaPoB, apx. ToAoP MnaAeHoB, H,c. cTorH HrxonoB, x.r,H. H.c. apx. l4uaH CnesoB, cr.H.c. ,Hx. KoHCraHlrH CnxuKoB

kollyHrxaqrr H ar3aiH.

ill..

Horo MaLUrHocrPoeHre.

npo6neix, fieroAr,

LUX, S. Arte

l,txycrso

PeuJe-

industria. Firenze,

Sansoni, 1973. 130 p. ill.

npoiruneHocr.

t2.

yBoa

rGr'l

PEVSNER, N. The Sources of Modern Architecturc and DesiSn. London, Thames and Hudson, 1968. 215 p.

llpBor3ToqHrq,!Te Ha cbBpeHeHHara ePxrTexTyPa }l a}l!aiH. f

Springer,

J. S. Dobrovolny Graphics for EnSineers. Visualization, Communication, and Design. London,lohn Wiley, 1968. 917 p. ill. fpaorKa 3a uHxeHeplr. 3prrenHa npca-

HocrpoeHrlr. M.,

FRIELING, H. Farbe im Raum. Antewandte Farbenpsychologie, Mijnchen, Callwey, 1974. l7l p. ill. qBeroBe?e B noieqeHaiero, llpunoxHa ncrlxo,IoTli Ha qBeroBere.

t3.

POULTON, E. C. TrackinS Skill and Control. London, Academic press, 1974. 428 p. ill. yMeHfie 3a cneaeHe !! plyHo ynpaBnefi ue.

t4, VICTORIAN Life in Photographs. London, Thames and Hudson, 1974. l3l p. ill. Bl,lKTopraHcxara enoxa B cHn xx. t5.

SMITH, B. The Penrose craphic Arrs lnternational. Annual 1974. London, Northwood, 1974. 256 p. ill.

Cro6ulaaare Ha nonyr{arenrre xa rxQopraqroxxnn 6rone-

rrx ,,1'lporru:nexa ecrerrra",

ve nopaax SarPyAHeHrt' cBaP3a-

6rxa rs4a4exr 6poese l, 2,3 n 4 za 1975 roe. ['lo npenopr'xa Ha Axpexqrt ,,f'lepro4ruex nevat" npn Korrrera ea neqara [3AaBaHeto xa 6lonettxa ule npoaLnxx c peAoBH, 6poeae :a 1976 roe. Hn c orneqarEaH€To