Дизайн 1980 / 1

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Ha6op Me6enu dna dercku x

M

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ped ht

. 31 eo3pacfa .

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u

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no

CMOfinHOB, K. Ha6op Meoenu dna dercxux cadoe, AisaiH, 1g80, c. 15 ' 23, ut-

Me6enu u o@opMreH e nPocrqaH' crqeHHoi cpedbt e dercKux cadaxXpohonozuqecKue onucaHue pa3pa' 60tKu. AHenu3 o60pydosaHue dne detcKux cados s crpahe. B eodbt.

SpzoHoMueecKue rpe60eaHua. 3Ko'

a. Tpe6oaa' Hua HequoHaDb'ozo craldapra, Onu' caHue tpex 2pynn npoeKfupyeMbtx lldenui - cronoB, ModYnHdx cucre' Mu uKa6oe u uePvlueeHoi Me6enu K

ue

coo 6parkeH

u

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eO3pa.ra. cnequ6u Ka KoM' o 60 p Mu pooa4 u E 3toi

nne KcHoz

AETCKUn cad s AeruBzeHe. MA, 1977,llo 4, c.72-79 (Au3an H,l980, M I, c. 38-41, ur.)

Ke n poeR ra o tMeqeH' Hoao nepeoi npeMued Ha KoHkYP" ce npoeKfoe dna defcKo?o cada,

X apa KTe pucru

opzaHuaoeaHHbtM o6uluHod e 2eHe - ctpeMneHue coxpaHutb

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ceo 60AHoe

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du3etHepa. Tex Hu qec '<aE acreruKa, ,977, M 12, c. l'3 (Au3atH, 1980, N l, c. 26-31)

HoM uvec

u2poeaa deetenbHocrb a cucreMe

ocHoeH x coquan6Ho 3Ha9UMdX eU'

n

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rux

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pedn

u

xodHht x 30H, 903Mo*Hoctb saq u u 6 yH K tl! d c eo 6od Hozo

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PEAEHUE e 6enoM. MA. 1977, tl', c. 69-72 lAusai . 198o, M l. c- 41' ,A

uzad

H

epc

Ku

ii n poe,<t

u

Bte puo

pe e

eduarpusec KoM n pueM tlo M otden e' Huu. Odecoeser! eu3Yanbhbtt Kort'

n

n, H. n. Meroda' d n poeK f u poea Hua uzpoeoi cpedd dna derei doul' t< ott bHo2o e o 3pac fa- Tax H u 9ec Kaa

raKf detel, gtoobt ocso6odurb

Ma-

H OBC KA n o z u gec K u e ochoe

fle

scteruKa. 1077, llo 12, c.13-15. (nu3adH. ,980, M I, c.3t-38, un.)

pa3deeanKu, c yeefoM ao3MoxHoc' ru o 6qeHuF derei.

K

PUXA

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pedycMorpeHbt

u

t,dueudyanbilue

CO

MT E N T S

The Best Design

Projects

field. Desctipton of three groops of futniture: small tables, hodulat system of

i

in the Central I nstitu te fot I ndusttial DesignlgTg 3 Kindergarten furniture . .l s On Specific Features of Man-made E nviron ment fot Ch ildren at Hofie and in Children's

cabinets and toy funiture for puppet sectioos in kindergartens (toy kitchen

LYURIMOVA,

G.N.

26 I p ri nc ip I es of Desigoing Play E nvitonment for Children of Pre-School Age . 31 Kindergarten in Dettingen . .38

The prcblems related to the specific functionning of uniform equipment at home anal in childftn's institutions are raised.

The perception of this equipment by chil-

Solution in

41

drcn undet different conditions is

44

cribad. Some recommendations are given to the industrial designers dealiog with developmeot of childron's equipment.

23

Eyes

M

eth od ol og

News

i

ca

White

MOSKAYEVA.

A.S.

Man

des-

d in DesignetT

-made Wo

Children's Eyes, Childrcn

in

Eyes. Technicheskaya estetika, 1977, No ,2, p.l-3 (Design, ,98O, p. 26-30) The concept

SMOLIANOV, Design. 1980.

K. Kindergatten furniturc.

p.

15-23,

ill.

Fumiturc and spatial arrangement of the environment in kinctergaftens. Chronological description

of

of childfto's world as 'bhil-

drcn's culturc" and the culture of the child's object activity coexisting with adult culture it elucidaEd. The manilade ehvircnment causing the child's cteative activity is contiderated as the main purpose of

deign fot children.

this design pro-

ject. Analysis ol kindergarten fumiture

KRIDJANOVSKAYA, N.

Y,

requ it-ements. Economic issues. Requ irc-

Methodolo. gical Principles of Designing Play Environment fot Children of PrcSchool Age.

mcnts

Technicheskaya

in Bulgarid.

tnferences and eryonomic

of the cur.ent sbndat.l in

this

p.

3l-37,

The play

activity is considercd as part the basic types o{ children's activities that are of social signicance. A multifactorial sttucture model

On specific Fea-

Man-made Wo rld in Children's Eyes, Childrcn in Detigner's

tions

nstitu

,3"15 lDesign, 1980, No l,

of

tures of Man-lnade Envhonment for Children at Home and in Childrcn's lnstitutions.Technicheskaya estetika. 1977, No 12, p. l1-12 (Desisn, 1980, p.23-26)

I

p.

estetika, 1977. No

12,

of the

play

envifonment fot childrcn of ptq-school age is offe.ed. The specific teatures of the environment's comprchensive development afe shown.

KINDERGARTEN 1977,

No ,

in Dettingoh.

(Design, ,980,

MD,

p. 3840, ilt.)

of the design p rcject that of a conpetition oryanized by the Dettingen municipality, The solution is charccte. zed by its strive to preserve more free Desciption

has been awarded the lirst prize

areas with observing the rcquired spacing from noighbourinO strcets, by abundant green areas in the open entty zones, by

making

it

possible

to realize the

func-

tions of lrce spaces belonging to the various sections of the kindergatten. The signi-

ficance of the intefial hall and the successful lighting solution are pointed out.

soLUTtoN in white MD, 't977, No I lDesign, t980. No 't, p. 4143) Designer's prcject of the onvironment a clinics fot childrcn. Visual contact

is

eosurcd during medical examinations

as

in

a means to prevent childfen's leat ftom doctoB. lndividual undrcssing booths provide

lor the mainteihig ol an atrnofi u n icat i o n.

sphe ro o f com

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cBlp3aH, c ABrxeHre, OTTyK t,l cnequ+l4gHl4re u3[cKBaH[a KLM npoeKTlpaHelo Ha o63aBexaaHe 3a aercKx 3aBeAeHl4fl: To rpr6Ba Aa 6LAe fleKo 14 KOMnaKTHO, Aa MOXe Aa Ce CrplBa 14 aa y9acrayBa n.bltHoqeHHo B HFtKorKo +yHKrtr4oHanHl,1 npoqeca.

AercKfiTe Me6erHrl KoMnreKTu

3a xl4nhula ce clcTonT oT no SopMa

pa3lr4riHt4

r

npeAHa3HaqeBre eneMeHTX, KOHTpaCTIpaUlr C OKOnHaTa npeAMeTHa Cpeaa. B aercxoro 3aBeaeHxe, eaHaKBraT no Bt3pacT cbcTaB Ha no-

rpe6rTenxTe

orpaHxqeHhar no

+yHKqlaoHaaHh clo6paxeHka acopTUMeHr rl3r4CKBaT yHl4dhulipaHo 063aBexAaHe. lVlacavxr, croroBe, LUKadLieTa 3a Apexfi r't Krpnh. KpeBaTqeTa h ronaMa qacT or ocTaHaflrTe npeaMer ca rl4nogrl eneMeHrh or IOTOBX KOMNflEKTI?I.CAMO HFKOI4 OT He ca cBlp3aHH c o6cnyxgaHero Ha orAenHo aeTe. KaTo trlKa+oBe 3a I4HBeHrap, Macr 3a 3aHarua ,

rftx, Koi/To

Maca 3a yLrfiTeflKaTa l,| apyar4 MoraT aa

ce npoeKlrpaT

He KaTo MHoroKparHo noBTapaeMrl T14noBx efleMeHTh. Bcu,r-

KO TOBa, Or eAHa CrpaHa, O6neK,raBa Ax3aiHepa npx pa3pa60rBaHero Ha

KOMnrleKT Me6enu 3a AefCKa rpaauHa, HO OT Apyra

-

ycroxHaaa

3aaaqa-

Ta 3a c!3aaBaHe Ha ncxxonorhYecK, KoMSopr 3a Aerero.

B AercKara rpaAx8a Aerero e opraH[3[paHo. To ce HaM].rpa B KoneKTriB oT BplcrHuqx. TyK He ce c.bnocTaBB KoHTpacTHo 063aBexaaHeTo 3a aeqa 14 3a BL3pacTHr4, aeTeTo HFMa ni'{Hx Me6eni4, r14qHa nocro8HHa l4a-

poBa 30Ha. E4rnnoro

pa3qneHeHo

npocTpaHcTBo, KLAeTo ce HaMupar ea-

J

HOBpeMeHHO MHOrO AeUa, Cb3AaBa y oTAenHoTo aeTe qyBcrBo 3a HanperHa-

npeaMereH cBaT, foBopl, 3a crpeMex

naKTHOCT, nOABT4XHOCT, KO,TO He

K}M CtnocTaBaHe Ha HeroBoTo aer-

Harh ca

rocr. ToBa ce

cKo o63aaexaaHe c roBa

oTHacF npearMHo 3a Ha;'ManKure. Te oule HFMar gyacrBo 3a KoJleKrxBHocr (raxoea ce uspa_ 6orBa nocreneHBo e rrpure) . ,Qerero

ce ry6u e ronaMoTo npocrpaHcrBo, fiCKA MY CE AA l4MA THAIIBXAYAIHA,

ncrxonorrqecKu oce3aeMa cBoa 30H4.

B npoqeca Ha l/lrpa Aeuara ce crPeMFr

aa opraHx3[paT cBoe n!4lHO

Mt4KpO'

Ha Bt3pacT_

Hhre. clnocraBaHeTo He e

eaHo3Haq_

HO, TO MOXe ,qa yBenrgu crpeMexa KIM aBroHoMHocr (no $opua u opra-

Hx3aufiE) Ha npeaMerrre or o6Kpt' xaBaulaTa cpeaa Ha aeleTo, Moxe aa npeal43BxKa xenaHHe 3a KoHraKT C

Me6enr, noAo6Hh Ha re3r, Ko!1To r.lMar Bt3pacrHure, uoxe 4a $oprurrpa

npocrpaHcTBo. ToBa ce nocTrra recHo B Xl4flXUlero X rpyaHo B aeTcKfiTe 3a' BeaeHra, KbaeTo ocHoEHoTo noMeule" Hre Ha rpynara no npaBhno e o6uJxp' Ha npaaobrLrlHa cTaa. 3aToBa eaHa or

HeyTpanHo oTHouJeHhe KIM pa3rrl' q[eTo t4nl4 cbBnEaeH[e1o Ha +opMhre t4.T.H. BrB Bcr4'tKh cnytiarl o63aBexAa_

BaxHl4Te 3aaaqh ra All:ailepa ra ue6enHo o6saeexaaHe 3a aercKll f,cJll4 t4 fpaav v e npeaMeTHo-npocTpaHcTBe' Ho o+opMFHe Ha 3oHx 3a ManKu IPYnt4. a ctu.lo u 3a oTAenHh aeua B paM_

aaToHoMHocr, e BKrltoLleHo B o6uara

KrTe Ha ocHoBHoro noveulelne. 3a pa3nxKa or eaHopoAHoro o63aBexAa' HC B ACTCKTTE 3ABEAEHI1A, AETCKOTO o63aBexaaHe 3a xunl4u.{a e BKnoqeHo B HeeaHopoaHa npeaMeTHo-npocrpaH' crBeHa cpeAa. BbB Bp-b3Ka c roBa, npl4

npoeKT[paHeTo Ha aercKl4 Me6er[ 3a xl4nruleTo Bb3Hl4KBar HFKOr Cneqr'

Ola,]Hr npo6reM[. Cuevecrxoto c-uulecrByBaHe Ha aercKuTe Me6eflfi c Te3v 3a Bt3pacTHl4 Bnnae Bbpxy oTHo'

lrleH[eTo Ha aerero

KlM

HeroB[F

Hero Na aeTcKaTa 3oHa B x[rll4ulero,

aoph npr

Hanl4'{ke Ha npocfpaHcTBeHa

+yHKuHoHanHa c[creMa or npeAMe' TU, KOerO 6eaycnoeno oIJlhqaBa ra3v 3OHa OT nOMeuleHUFTa Ha AeTCKl4re 3aBeaeHrF. Arco e aetcrute acnu r

rpaAlaHx o63aBexaaHero

o6pa3YBa

cpaBHrlTenHo eauHHo xyaoxecTBeHo qn,o, ts xr4Jll,luleTo o6xKHoBeHo ce

noryqaBar KoHTpacr,l no +opMa. cTl4n t4 qsal Mexay aeTcKrTe Me6erx q ocraBanara npeAMerHa cpeAa. B aetcxvre 3aBeaeHhF MHoro_

OyH Kr.I,loBanHoro l43non3yBaHe Ha eAHO X CLU.IO nOMeU4eHl4e U3hCKBa Or

xyaoxecrBeHo"KoHcrpyKropcKt4a npoeKT TaKrBa KagecTBa Karo .flecHo npeo6pa3yBaHe, craHAaprHocr, KoM-

Bl4_

Heo6xoar4Mr4 B xrnhutero.

Me6enure 3a yLreHhuh ce pa3pa6orBar c l43noI|3yBaHe Ha pa3nrqH!4, Be']e 113' npo6aaur npr.! Me6enh 3a Bt3pacrHh

MeroAh, c olr[TaHe cneqh$xKara SyHKqr4oHanH Te

h

Ha

aHTponoMerphq_

H{Te r3ICKBaHUF. 3a XlnrUlXOrO noMeuleHre, npeaHa3HaqeHo 3a aeua oT flpeayqrlnhulHa Bb3pacr e Heo6xo' aI.1MO CneqllanHo npoexrupale. Tyx e HyxHo He ronKo€a npocTpaHcTBeH_ HO, KOnKOTO nCnXdIlOrl4'{eCKO OTAe'

naHe Ha aercKara :ona,

rti

xaro

ae_

Tero Bt3npreMa uFnoTo npocrpaHcr_ BO Ha noMeu.leHrle (hnu Ha (Frolo Nrnrqe) no HaqrH, pa3fll,19eH or B!3npheMaHero B aercKaTa rpaaxHa. 01 ncfixoroTr4qecKa rneAHa roqKa, B xr.nr4ule1o e BaxHo ro aa yceua oTAeneHOTO 3a HerO MhKpOnpOCTpaHCTBO B "rorF Mara"npeAMerHa cpeAa, Aa ce LiyBcTayBa 3aul!1TeHo oT Ta3v cpeaa Ha

v 6fit43KL. OopMara Ha 063aBexaaHeTo IpF6Ba aa oTroaapF Ha poA[renx

HeroBrlF xapaKTep, 3auloTo M14KponpocTpaHcTBoTo B xhrlr4uleTo ce cL3AaBa 3a !<o KperHo Aere, Bc[qKo roBa rpB6Ba Aa HaMep orpaxeHre B opraHh3aql4aTa Ha aeTcKaTa 3oHa. B c!qeraBaHero na neittoro o6eaaexaa-

He

c

ToBa

B uartoTo xrll]14ute,

B.bB

SopM!4f e Ha orAenHl4Te ereMeHTv.

25

nPEAMETHIaT CBFT nPE3 nOTTIEAA HA IEqATA, AEqATA A.C. Mocxsesa

-

He Laoxe 4a ce rBbpAx, qe xy-

paAoKcanHo Aa e,6eAara noHaKora ce cLcToyt 14MeHHo B ToBa, qe npaBaT He-

c qFIaTa cl,l eHeprha l,l aKT[BHocT,6e3 aa pa3n[qaBal Koe e qb3aaaeHo cne-

BXTe, KOI|TO He OCr3HaBaT rOnAMaTa cepl4o3Hocr Ha cBol4le aeua, Bb3pacTH{, KOI4TO npeAnonaraT. qe aeTeTo MOXe Aa Ce al3nliTa Ha onpeaeneHo

onpeaeneH[ cpeacrBa, oT-

KbcBai K!,t Bb3nuraHuero

or

BceKr-

4neeura iopuaner xraor.

Pas6rpa ce, Hai-MarKo Ar3ai.

Hepa4Te cl3aaaoxa TaKaBa npe4cTaBa 3a Aeuara l, ab3n[TaHrero. 9pe3 Ar3afiHa caMo ce peanri3xpaT

crqecrBy-

BaulqTe noHacToauleM l4Ael4 3a Llene, HacoqeHo, cneql4allHo opraHri314paHo B.b3[l,lTaHlte Ha AeqaTa. Te3x xaeu ca opl4eHTxpaH14 oT rneaHa To9Ka Ha Bb3pacrirTe, cnopea npeacTaBxre 14 Haq,rHa uM Ha xr'aot. Buspacraure clu-

26

rpa6Ba nbpBo Aa 6rAar x Bb3n[TaHu, t4 cnea roBa nprlo6qeH[ KbM xr4BoTa. Te pasaenar cBera Ha "Bb3pacreH" t4 "AercKv", Ho Aeuara He 3Haar roBa, nonaaaT B cBeTa Ha Br3pacTHure of ve 4eqara

xl4-

Bora Ba Br3pacrHl4re. tr4rpara, xrpaqKUre ,l OUeH-bqHOTO OrHotleHre KbM rrx ("He nunai, roea He e 3aurpa", "He ce 6bpKai, vrpai cn c nrpayKure") - roea ca noHarra Ha B-b3pacr-

c

rar,

CneUuaI|HO O6y,reHx

ntpBl4Te MfiHyTl4 Ha XTBOTa Cl4 y Cepr.lo3Ho, ctBceM He no aeTcKr,, ce

napaMeTpr4 xr4BoT, oTAeneH oT

MAcro,

YtrK

npeAHa3HageHo Ka-

To qe 3a HaKaKbB oco6ex, aercru, KyKneH, onpocTeH ,l yManeH no acl.l't-

K{

nPE3 nOrnEAA HA AI3AFHEPA

BHhllTE, MocKBa

AoxH14q{Te u Ari3aiHep[Te He Mxcnar AocrartqHo 3a Aeqara. Te rurcaar u Taopnr 3a rax, o6aqe, KonKoro r na-

r{o "cneufianHo",

-

nplo6uaBaT KrM Hero, ycBoaBar ro qfianHo 3a Tax

r

Koe He. KaIo HapyuaBaT BcIqKu flnaHoBe t4 nporHo3rl

Ha Bt3nuTaTenrTe

cr.

,qHec H.a ce crpyBa, qe KoHO-rtrlKTrT Bt3pacTHtl - Aeqa e Hel436exeH, le ToBa e HeoTMeHIM 3aKOH Ha

cbBpeMeHHala cnoxHa npeaMeTHa KynTypa, npl,lqxHa 3a orpoMHr4F pa3pl4B Mexay BL3pacTH[Te, KoxTo nphTexaBaT 3HaHl4A, HaBILlr4, yMeHrE 3a o6qyBaHe c npeAMerHxF caaT x Aeqala, He oBnaaenr Te3r HaBuqu x 3HaHl4F. B]3rneA[Te Ha KynTypHxTe B]3pacrHfi 3a Aeqara Heu36exHo BoAFT AO OLleH.bqHl4 CbxAeHUF: He MOraT, Be 3HaAr. He Ca CBl4KHanr, He ca Bb3n -

raHu. He pa36xpar, He 'ryBcrByaar, He ca aopacnu. He Bhxaar, He ca Kynryp-

xtt. Ocgex ToBa, HaA Bl3paclHure rerHaT npeacTaB[Te 3a onacHocT[Te Ha Heono3HaTla cBaf 3a xriaoTa Ha ae-

62:7.05 - (E3.2

UaTa (naAaulu npeAMerx, ocrpl,r

t4H-

cTpyMeHrx, oTpoBH14 neKapcTBa, ra3, ortH, Boaa, cHaa - acfiqKo e onacHo

3a HeonxTHoTo aeTe)

,1

ctqeapeMeH"

pa3pyujr4renHaTa cl4na Ha HeKynTrlBUpaHaTa aefcKa aKTriBHocr cnpFMO npeaMeTHrE CBET Ha Bb3paCTHhTe. OTTyK cfleABa nortaqHuFT l,r3Boa - AeqaTa 14 Ky,|rypara ca npoTt4BonocTaBeHfi, HeO6XOAITMO e AeUaTa CneqhanHo HO

-

aa ce nplo6u{aeaT K}M KynTypHxF xxaoT, Aa ce "coLl[anu3opaT", cnopea TepMl4Honorlala Ha nchxonora X.l-lraxe. Karo nocreneHHo, opaaHr3UpaHO

14

BHTMaTenHO npeM14HaSar

OT

npocToTo K}M no{noxHoTo, 3auloTo Te 8e MOraT HhTO [a pa36epaT, HxTo Aa ycBoar cnoxHoro x3aeAHbx. B pe3ynTar Ha ToBa aeTcKhf,T eMoqloHa,leH, npeaMeleH 14 ayxoBeH CBFT qecTo

ce x3rpaxaa no cTeplneH Haq[H cneqIalHn aelcKr4 cTax c Kplrnrq Ku.| 6e3onacHu [rpaqK[, AercKu nnoulaAK,1 C OapaHUqeH KOMnlleKT OT 14rpr. aeTcKr4 KHT4XKX C AeTCKO CtALpXaHhe...

B!3pacrHhre Kyrrr4Bxpar y AeqaTa [HTepec KLM onpocTeHoTo, Ho aeqaTa He IcKaT aa urpaar c Kptrnl,l'qKu ufpaqKu, He ,1cKaT aa nonygaBar npenapypaHh 3HaHl4a, He npl4eMaT SacTaBneH,lFTa

Ha Br3pacTHrTe

14

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ono3HaBaT

xuBora no cBoi HaqhH. He Moxe aa pa3-

llegarornrata peu.l14

rr3qano To314 KoH$nvKT. cLBpe"

MeHHHTe neAarorrqecKx KoHqenqvh.

KOXrO np6eMar no3xr.lxETa Ha aerelo,

ce cTpeMaT KrM npeaocTaB8He Ha floronFMa cBo6oaa B o6nacTT Ha npeaMerHara AeiHocr. lvlHoao poArlTenu

Br3npxeMar Te3x KoHqenqxx, Ho He MOraT Aa O6y3AaST BCeK AHeBHUTe pa3pyLlreHua,6espe4rero x Aa npeMaxHaT nocToFHHaTa onacHocT. Ha KOFTO Ca nOAflO)KeH14 AeqaTa.

ro

l'loHarrero Kynrypa, KLM KoeB!3pacTHr4FT Ce OnhTBa Aa np[o6-

u.ll,l aeTeTo yMa HopMaTIaHo{qeH}qeH xapaKTep, T.e. cru.lecrByBa B npoT'1 BOnOCTaBA HXATa: KynrypHO/He-

xynrypHo, Ao6po/noulo,

npaBtarHo/

senpaBrnHo, r,rnaa cuncun/Hnua cMrcln. Moxe/He Moxe. rpa68a/8e rpa6aa. Te3u oqeHKk ctulecrByBar anpropHo, npeaBaprrenHo, npeax aereTo

ulo

cl4. Ta Hanrl B HaqanoTo Ha x[3HeHua cu n-bT 90BeK

Moxe Aa 6rAe pa36paHo, np[ero l,

Bt3npxeMa Llenl4a oKptxaaaul cBf,r KaTO eCTeCTBeH, a He rO pa3AenF Ha

KaKBOTO t4

Aa

X3ALpU..ll4 AeTeTO, Hh-

He Moxe aa ce cnyqx [3atH KynTypala, BctaqKo. Koero e B paMK Tel;

ocMrcneHo. Be,{e pa36paxMe orHocrrTenHocTTa Ha KynryprTe, npl,lexMe Tax' Hara HeeaHopoaHocT, 143yqaBaMe npuMl/l1t4BHl4Te KyrlTypr4, OCMT4CflXXMe nprMr4T14BHOTO r :XytireO, frpy3HaxMe

aeTcKoTo xyaoxecTBeHo BO

-

BpeMe e aa np[eMeM

TBopqecT-

14

aercKaTa

Kynrypa BrB BcrqKh HeiHr'r SopM[ npear BclqKo KynTypaTa Ha npeauernara Aeiuocr Ha aeqaTa, aa F ocMrcMM AI3aiHepCKn. HeIpeB3erO rl 14

KoHcrpyKTlrBHo. AeqaTa crcTaBrFBar

eaHa TpeTa oT qoBe9ecTBoTo, a

Hl/1e

BCe OUle Be r,1 Bt3npreMaMg cep4o3HO t4 OTHaCAMe )KXEOTa UM KtM AO-

Ia e 3BtptlJl,ino KaKBoTo uaaeh Beqe 3aabnxhTenHo cnea ToBa. B!3-

KynTypHoro crulecTByBaHe, KoTaro e Heo6xoAxMo Aa ocMhcnxM KynTypHoTo t4M 3HaqeHhe e o6ulecreoto.

Ar3aiHepcKara KoHcrpyKrhBHa MhcLn Tpa6Ba aa noanoMorHe npeAMerHara AeiHocr Ha Aeqara Aa He

pacTHr.4Fr oueHsBa

Bnr3a

aeTelo flo oTHouJe-

a KoH+rtlxT c

npeAMeTHaTa

Hre Ha ce6e cx, Ha cBorile HopMt4 npeacTaa{, Ha cBoFTa Kynrypa Ha 3pFn qoBeK. AKo h3Kritogt4M oqeHlq-

cpeaa Ha Bt3pacrHure, a aa a aonrJt-

shTe xapa KTepucTt4 Kt4 oT noHFTfieTo <ynTypa, cT[raMe ao ,13Boaa. qe aeLlaTa ca KyITypHx oT caMoTo Haqa,lo, oT nlpBl4a aeH Ha xxBoTa cI, He 3au.loro BnaaeaT KynrypHxre HopMtl (ToBa e oqeHt,ieH BD3rneA), a 3autoro ca aKrK)qeHl4 BeaHara B KynrypHt4

BaT no cTeHhTe, cTlra aa Moxe necHO Aa Ce r3MUAT, MaKap AercKara

11

s3auMooTHouJeH!4n c B!3pacTHrre, 3aqoro TaxHaTa aKTlaHocT e HacogeHa

KtM ycBoEBaHe

Ha 3aO614KanFqaTa

rl4 cpeaa, K]M onpeaenfHe Ha MacToTO l4M B KynrypHt48 XXBOT. 3aTOBa,

aa, aa Hoct4 paaocf. MoxeM aa

ceoicrea aupxy ce6e

niJlrPOAa i4 ,I3KYCTBeHO Ct3AaAeH cBFr. BcuqKo e npxpoaa, [1pr,rpo4ara 3a Hhulo He Bacl4flBa, TF He e afpechBHa, He aaBa SacTaBneHxE, He aocaxaa.

Ta e uaxcuuanuo r-bpnenuBa - pearfipa caMo lla arpecxflra, 14 To He Br' Haah MoMeHTarHo. B flp[poaara Ha' Ma xaoc, B xes qaplr nopsaux (aanu nLK He 3a roBa h Br3paclSuTe ce cTpeMFT Aa lrsnssar lasebx rpaaa?) .

H14qo Hepa3rpaB14!aBaiuxre Aeqa ct!1TaT KbulaTa Hl4. rpaaa H!1 3a ecTECTBEHU, HA TFX TAKA, KAKTO 'IEAAT l, Ba TbpnenxBara, oTcTtnqrBa npl,lpoaa u, pa36r1pa ce, BeaHara rM ce qefe Mopan 3a ToBa, KaKBo e pa3peu.reHO

14

"qanaH[qa" no raner{Te Aa He

l43-

rrexAa ctBceM

He. ECteCteerata aelcxa

pyur!4 peAa,

npeaMeT-

Hl/lTe no3l4qh14 Ha Bt3pacTHl4Te,

alnu ce

yTB]p-

B corlHanHo-npol,3BoacTBeHa-

Ta uenecro6pa3HocT, B npecT,xHoro cLulecTByBaHe rl ecTeTuqecKtlTe 3aKoBh,

pa3-

peul4M Ha aeqara noHFKora aa pucy-

KaKBO

aKTXBHOCI

14MeHHo

rrncara Ha uerecro6-

pa3HocT, Ha npecTrixHll aM6xqh , Ha B!3npleTh HopM, e xapaKTepHoTo, c

Koero ce orn14qaBa aercKaTa Kynrypa

HA

NPCAMETHOCTTA NPEAMETHOCT, oBeulecTgaBaHe, o$oporane Ha qoBeuJKara aeiHocr e

pa36xpaHa KaTo

flpt4BfleKafenHo. 3a Aeqara e Heo6xoAxMo Aa phcyBar no cTeHxTe, aa KtcaT TaneTl,lle, Ho KaK Aa pearlpar Ha roBa Br3pacrH[Te? 3a aa ce pa3BxBa HopManHo u TBopqecKu, Aerero rpa6aa Aa ce qyBcrByBa rocnoAap Ha 3ao6uKanFulua ro cBar, aa npoBepFBa ce6e cx h BL3MoxHoc'

14 KynTypa - KaTo 3aarrrxl4TenHo c]n-bTcrByaaqa To3r npoqec Bpr3Ka Ha AeiHOCTra Ha AeTeTO C AeiHocrra Ha Apyrlre xopa - Aeqa x

HeTOBITe

cKa aKTTBHOCT e pEtynrat oT nxncaTa

THTe Cl4 qpe3 Heao, KaKTO

14

npeaMerx,

Bb3paclHrl r Cqura ce, qe Heo6y3AaHara Aer27

Ha 3HaHra,l pa36[paHe. B clyrai, ve Ha Aerero ce o6acHu roe e xy6aao r KOe - flOLllO, aXO Ce O6ACHU rOe Or KaKBO npol43Tl4ga, aKO Ce 3annau],l c HaKa3aHrle unx ce noAKynh c 6oH6oHqe, ToraBa To (ue BlpLllt4 ToBa, KoeTo B!3nurarerlar r3xcKBa. Ha npaKTx Ka

Hxqo noAo6Ho He ce cnyyBa, Hl4ro o6acHeHuero, Hxio HaKa3aHreTo Moxe aa cnpe aercKaTa, Ha nplB norrea pa3pyr.u[TenHa aKTrBHocr, 6otr6oH,teTO MOXe CaMO Aa OTBIeqe BHl4MaHUeTO My 3a I43BeCTHO epeUe. TOea e ecTeclBeHO, AeTeTO Ce CIpeMl4 K]M aK-

ruBHo oBnaaaBaHe Ha

npeaMeTH14n

cBaT, a He K.bM nacIBHo npucnoco6sBaHe. Ho Bb3pacrH[Te c oTqaaHue

r,leAar cKlcaHrlre raneru. 06reneHrre npo3opua4. pa3xBtpnff-

c nracrer,lH

HUTe Apexi4, X3pXCyBaHUTe CTeH14 U CaMOTO AeTe C MphCHX ApeutKh U 6e3

o6yB

x

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3a Aeqara He clulecrByBar xaoc nopFAlK B npeaMeTHIa cBaT TaKa,

KaKTO

re

He CtUlecTByBaT B npt4poaa"

r nopae pe3yrrTal oT [aeFra 3a qeIeHacoqeHocl Ha npeaMeTHl8 cBaT, HeaoBaTa npl4cnoco6eHocl KbM npoh3Boa' Ta. Pa3rpaHh'{aBaHeTo Ha xaoc

alK

crBeHara AeiHocr,

or

vAevre 3a pa'

ql4oHanHo opfaHr314paHe Ha npeaMeTHrrF cBflT. AeTCKara ecTeclBeHa aK-

6oAHara AercKa npeAMerHa aKrhBHOCT |43r,le)l<Aa pa3pyLl.lIlenHa, Heoc-

MrcneHa, npIMt4TtlBHa, BapBapcKa h HeB!3flkTaHO pasto3aaHa- B aeicrerlTenHocT ToBa He e TaKa, Bct4'.tKu npeaMerH14 AeficrBra Ha Aerero ca ocMl,cnenu, pas6rpa ce, or rneAHa roiKa Ha HeroBhre aeTcKr4 norpe6rocrr. Aro BL3pacrHl4aT nO-BHl,lMaTerlHO Ce BtneAa a AeiHocrra na Aerero, roi 6u uo,

TII| Aa Hayq[ sHaqlTerHo noBeLle. B npoqeca Ha 4etcxara geiuoct noanTUflTa U npeaclaBxTe 3a ycBoeHoTo HenpeKlcHaTo ce "Apeanr/.3upal".

Arco 4erero e pa36pano.9e KpaKara TpF6Ba Aa ca 06yr!.i,

Karo o6yBKl4 KaKBOTO

14

ro npl,lcnoco6aBa

Aa e TO; aKO e pa36pano,

e, qe noBeqeTo oT aeuaTa, c9hTaH!4 3a My3l,1KanHO HaaapeHu, eaBa 3anoqHan aa ce 3aHhMaBaT c My3l4Ka,

28

or

CBO-

BecTHO

3ary6BaT BcaKaK!B 14HTepec KtM HeF. Karo hMaMe npeA B!4A, se o6yqeHrlero o6uKHoBeHo 3anoqBa clc aa6enexKa-

B.bnpeK14 pa3BuTheTo

ghHflBar co6crBeHl4 My3[KaflH npo-

cx,

BlnpeKu

oBrlaAFBaHero Ha ace no-ronEM 6po, r4HCTpyMeHTX U 3ano3HaBaHero c no14 rara, geqara roear c onnyraT c Btxera, cTpynBaT Me6efl14, 3arenBar, gaianeat 14 r.H. -

Be'{e

e$eKrx.

Ta Aa He ce "AphHKa"

"cttpxe"

no flhaHoro t4 no ur4rynKara, Aa He ce cL-

y3BeaeHhF

h !e

ce pa3peuaBa caMo

caIpeHeTo Ha falil,r v nlecKu, t4 To c npaBr4nHa nocraHoBKa - He rpF6Ba

nr4poH14,

Aa ce Y''lYABaMe.

TOBa He Ca aeicTBt,ln. nrlujeHq oT cMl,1-

3a MV3r,lKanHO 14 XyAOXeCTBeHO TBOpvecTBo e oqeBfiaHa, Ho BCe OU.le 13, rflexAa pa3yMHa I ueo6xo4t-rua aa6panara aa npeaMerHo rBopgecrBo pa3pytlr[fenHa no oTHou]eHl4e Ha

T[e. KoflKoro TpyAHo

CLulecreeHa e plKoBoAeHara

B!3pacTHl,1Te 3a CMerKa Ha co6cfBeHa-

qe npeaMeTrrTe MoraT Aa ce aBl4)t<al, TO flpeMecTBa Bch9Ko a-b3MoxHo. oKaqBa no ce6e cu KaKBoTo HaMeph, npA6qpa u !.i3BaxAa, npeo6p!qa, onrlBa Ha 3ApaBrHa rl T.H., OBnaAFBa cBeTa l, nocT4ra co6cTBeHoTo ct4 "a3".

Aerero He npecraBa Aa nAeanv3vpa,

BeSOCT, AeMOHCTpr4pa HeOTpaHX'reHl,-

HOpMI AeiBOCT Ha BL3paCTH Te,

lBOpqecrBoTo t4 orKpl,lT,|eTo ca ecTecTBeHO C-bCTOAHXe, npl4 ycnoBhe,9e HaMa Hacroi'rlBo oneKyHcrBo or crpaHa Ha Bt3pacTHrTe. ,[lHec AercKara npeAMerHa KynTypa e noA 3a6paHara Ha B.bspacrHt/re.

Toea e nenucas 3aKoH Ha cbBpeMeHHara Kynrypa. TlpuyqaBaMe Aerero KIM peA r paquoHanHocr, npro6u1a, BaMe TO KIM CAeTa 14 KynTypaTa Ha

Ia My aKThBHOCT 1,1 TBOp'{eCTBO. l/13'

c-bn. AeTeTo ycnoxHaBa 3aAaqHTe B 3aB[CI4MOCT Or CTeneHTa Cl,l Ha pa3Brl-

BT3MOXHOCTX Ha npeAMelHara AeiHocT, HecKoBaHa or recH[Te paMKh Ha conhAHocTTa a SnatonpveToiHOCTTa Ha B.b3pacrHrTe.

Mar[BHocr. BceK[ aKT Ha vAeanu3aUl4F Ce Bt3npreMa KaTO OTKpl4The, Karo rtoler Ha Mtac-urlTa. 3a Aeqara

Bct4qKo Bb3MoxHo.

rl4EHocT He ce cto6pa3aBa c Ae[Te 3a pea, pa3KpuBa TaxHaTa HeecTecT-

Te

npl4 BL3pacTHUTe, HO MHOrO no-Ma,lKO, nopaa[ InxHaTa cKoBaHocT t4 Hop-

e 3a Bb3nlTaTe-

nF Aa Hayqx aeqaTa Ha KaKaAro v aa

6escirr,lcneHoctta ua :a6panara

e coql4allH14 npaBr,rla, h aa u3xcKBa or TAX pe3ynTaT[, a KoIKo necHo aeqa"

npeaMeTHrla cBFr Ha B13paCTHl,Te.

Ta pa3LU!.tpaBar ceoa

6upe npeo4onnn.

Tr, u3non3yBarKu

xplr ot 4eiroc-

aeqe ycBoeHoro.

l4aealuaaurn clulecrByBara

lzluertro roer

KoH+nl,,1KT TpF6Ba Aa

BrB Bl4cLurre y,re6lu aaee4etra npenoaaBaTefl[re ce onhIBaT aa "oc-

Bo6oAffT" cTyAeHTuTe, cTpeMflT ce re npeo,4oneaT uJa6floHa. aa "pa3abpxaT" plqeTe fiM, HaclpLraBaT rt4 aa ce fOBepnBaT Ha [BTyr4quFTa Cl4, CTaBa re06xoat4Mo 3a Br3pacrBl4Te aa ce ocBo6oAFr oT BL3nuTaHl4eTo cx. CBfiAe-enu cMe Ha op[eHT[paHe KtM t43To9-

ta

.;1 Snnoco+h, Ha rHrepec KlM FnoH-

:Kfiie

MeIOAl4 Ha Bt3nhraHl4e, cnopeA <olnTo Ha aeuaTa ce pa3peuJaBa KaTo

-:

nl4 Bcr,rqKo.,Q,uec:naeu,

le

npe4-

,'rerrara geitocr ra Aeqara ne rpa6ea aa ce ofpaHyqaBa, Ho ctqeBpe\reHHo He Moxe ,r aa ce pa3peLlaBa sCrqKO, OCO6eHO

B

yCJtOBUFTa Ha

-caacKr,lft x14Bor.

Cusaaea ce raKaBa chryaqrn, <cFTO MOXe Aa Ce pa3peuru CaMO <cHcrpyKr14BHo, T.e. au3aiHepcKH. ocHoBHr,lTe ychn F Tpa6Ba :a ce HacoqaT cLBceM He KtM [3rpax:a8e Ha cneqxaneH aeTcKI caFT, npo-

I-eerAFio,

,':BOAeH Ha CBera Ha BL3paCTHIre, -ar'1-,{ecIo cKyqeH ,1 HeHyxeH Ha aeqa, -:. npeAMerHara cpeAa rpa6Ba Aa ce

:poeKTypa c Mrlc-br 3a aeTcKrfe pt-a, aefcKtlF nornea, aelcKlrTe hHTea?ch 14 qyBcTBa. aeTcKaTa Henocpea:iBeHa aKTTBHOCi !4 eCTeCTBeHO B.b3-

-r(aaulo TBopqecrBo, aeuala He xl4:acT r,l3orrpaHo or BL3pacTHxTe i4 -3868a Ae ono3HaBaT He tl3MrcneH,

a

/al,aHcKt4 cBFT,

HlaKoi Aocera, flpoeKT!,'paiKh

,,,aca. He e Mrcrtn, qe noa Hea HaKo-: ute ceAHe aeTe, KoeTo ule noHcKa

-euto Aa

Heulo aa 3alenr ,'n,z, Aa cu aanpaeu neqepa.,Qx. Hen:_bri pa3Ka3Baue KaK cnygaiHo, ce;eiK[ Ha noAa, npu ToBa c oqrlna, : yqylaaHe oTKpxn ctulecIByBaHeTo oTBrrHTr4,

Ha Bropx,

Bbo6paxaeM "Mt4Kpo-

cBFT", ocraHan

BHl,MaHl4ero Ha

',l38!H arl3aiHepxTe, Mracnun

nu e

snxoir

npoeKTaHT Ha KyxHeHcKa ra6yperKa, qe TF ule 6tAe Bo3eHa no noaa caMo, 3a aa ce 'rye KaKtB 3ByK qe h3aaae.

3ayxrr, uyanxata He ce cpeular caMo B UJKOnl4Te nO My3hKa. He Ce paxaaI caMo oT My3hKanHrTe HcTpyMeHTr, re ca BtB BceK[aHeBleTo, 3aceTa 03-

ByqeHo caMo oT qyKaHe, rponaHe ,r cKlpqaHe. 3auo aa ne Bne3eM B ToH c Aerero ta 4a uy paerpreu paaroo6pa3HhF caaT Ha npeaMerHl/lTe 3Byqr4. flo ynrqrre, B K.uulare, no pa$TOBeTe - BCt4qKO e npeAHa3HaqeHO CaMO 3a B!3pacrHr4re, HEMa HUU4O Ha

nhHlara KOeTO

Ha

6I

norneAa Ha aerero, Hxulo,

My

nOMOTHanO Aa Ce qyB14 aa He ce ay6x cpea

crByBa nrlqHocr

uJyMHaTa ,1 CyeTnxBa rpaacKa rbnna.

3acera rpagur He e 3a Aeuara, Ho ryK MO)|<e Aa Ce pa3Kprle ulrlpoKo none 3a

4eirocr

na greainepure.

npv

npoeKT(paHero Ha l4rpaq-

Kr cneqrlarHo

3a Aeqa He rps6Ba Aa

ce ptKoBoar.rM oT

npeaMeTHun CBBT

Ha BI3paCTH6Te. flO el,:irOXHOCr UrpaqKhre rpa6Ba aa 6LAar MHoroSyH K r.lfioH ar H !a, rpaHc+opMxpaul!.r ce, c B!3MoxHocT 3a MHoro aeicTBhs c rax. flporaeex4a ce hrpaqKa l,. Ta3{ hrpaqKa ce cflara B KyT[a, KoETo cnopea BL3pacTHxTe cnyxl4 caMo 3a onaKoBKa Ha urpa'{Kara. Aopll KyrlFra aa e HanpaBeHa KpachBo. Ta e KpachBa caMo 3a B!3pacTHkTe. a He 3a aeTeTo. Or 06rKHoBeHara Kyl4E fo [cKa Aa nonyqu MHoro xHSopMauua - KaK uJyMorr4, 3apaBa nfi e, Moxe n14 aa ce ceaHe B Hea. aa ce cTox, aa ce xoal,

NO HEF, KAK CTOh HA TTABATA 14 T.H. Eaea roraro a orneaa h ono3Hae or BCrlLrKh CTpaB[, TO F OTXBTpnA KaTO HeHyxHa, a cnea oqe aBe rprl cKyqHr.,r

Kvrr,1 rr3o6uto npecraBa Aa rh

3a6e-

flF 3Ba.

ivlHoro or xopara ca 3arpr4xeHrl 3a crBpeMeHHhre aeua HeyaoBner-

BOpeHh, B3tCKaTellHrl, BCe HOBr,l Kr.4 14

14

HOBr,l

h3lrCKBaLqh

KVKnh,3aiiUt4. MeV-

Konr4. Br,npocrr Be e caMo B Ae'

uaTa, Ho t1 B hrpaqKIIe - Kypr4o3Hh noao6 a Ha ,4cTt4HcKt4B CBFT Ha B!3. pacrxare. Ha nplB norneA li3anexAa,

qe aercKaTa urpa e floapaxaHre Ha AeiHocrra Ha B!3pacrHr1Te, a rlrpaqKl,re - 3o6paxeHl,e Ha peanHr4Te npeaMeTl,,I, nopaah HeB!3MoxHocTra aa ce npi4TexaBaT !1cTrrHcKr,1. KoaaTo aeuaTa ,rrpaFT c KyKnfi, Konh h xlrTe CIBCeM He nOApaXaBaT Ha Bb3pacrH,4Te. Te ca no-cKopo abn60KOMrlcreul,I t43cneAoBaren , caMo Ha'rrlHtT lrM Ha r3creABaHe e Heo6u.iaeB. BOrH14,

Te ue r:cnegear npeAMerhre - Ht,lMa e Bb3MO)I(HO qpe3 KyKnrTe l,1 Irpaq, Khre Aa ce pas6epe ycrpoicreoro ra qoBeKa, 3aapa, nplpoaaTa, TexHuKa, Ta, apxuTeKrypara, ycTporcTBoTo Ha BlHLUHTA CBFT. ,(eqara yceoaaar KynTypHtlTe 3HaqeHrF, npeAcTaBn ,l qpe3 lrpaTa, Ho rh ycBonBaT He qpe3 pa3yMa, a npeAMeTHo r

oTHOL.UeHLTA

onepaf[BHo - qpe3 xecT u aehcrB4e. .4eqara ca MarKu "e3['tHl4ut4", Blnflh, 'raBaT cBoITe rpeBoTt4, paaocrt

14 orB npeAMer[Te, BrA Beulrlre, BKnoqBaiK[ B Te3l, OTHOUIeHhs BchqKo, Koero rn 3ao6v'KanF. npvt roBa no Hai{ep}4o3eH HaghH. "KapI-

HOUJeHTIF

coH, KoiTo xrBeeule Ha noKp[Ba" He 29

MtnBHl4, Heo6M!,tcreH14, rpo3Hl,1 cKyl.rHx. "AaiTe Mi.1 HoBa urpa{Ka!",

14

K.bAe flla MoxeM AHec Aa orKpl4eM xt43HeHh o6paaI, xen:vepnaeMla B pa36upaHero cl,l Ha xxBora? [43rnexAa B Hai-xy6aBlre KHrrtl 3a Aeqa. OrKplBaMe ToBa BeAHara, a h Ha aeqaTa He l,lM oMpL3Ba aa 9eTaT l.l npenpoqhraT aecerKh nLTl,l eaH!| u cbull4 KBl4rl4 ,l naCaXX !1 Aa 3ana3BaT 3a qFn

xxBoT B c!3HaHreTo cx cnoMeHa rrc6uuure repou.

3a

O6pagrre, cE3aaBaHu or ar3aiHepfiTe ce oln14qaBaT oT ,]ulepaTypHh-

Te no npeaMeTHoTo cr,1 1,.!3pa3aBaHe, T,e. qpe3 xecT, aeicTBhe, KoHcTpyKr.l,r4s, ycTpoicrao, Ho re He Tpa6Ba aa 6rAar caMo fexHllKa, ypeA, a u Hoca- Terh Ha 3HaqeHue,6r[3Ko ao [eTeTo. OcHoeHa uen Ha A[3aiBepcKoro npoeKrxpaHe e TaKaBa npeaMeTHa cpeaa,

np{

KoaTo aa He cluecTByBa npoTr4Bopeql/le Mexay cL3haaTerHoTo aeT-

cKo TBOp'{ecrBo h paLl{oHanHaTa aeiHocT Ha BL3pacTHttre, .Qa ce "crcreMarx3xpaMe" 14 "opraHu3r,tpaMe", Aa HanpaB[M npeaMeTHaTa cpeaa no€cTecrBeHa, nprcnoco6eHa 3a Hai-pa3nuqH14 MaBrnyflaul4u, aa cb3aaaeM

e

A3MnCtl/|\4, a BtTpeuJeH xlBoT Ha aeTeTo. Aoprl aa npheMeM Bct4qKo roBa 3a [rpa, TF He e pa3BleqeHuer a Heuo xl/3HeHo Heo6xoal4Mo. A!43ai-

Bau4hre KyKIt4 14 urpaqKu HacotBaT BHUMaH[ero caMo KrM BbHLjJHarh npu,lxKa c ll4qa t4 flpeaMeTu, Ho He ca Hoc[Ten[ na nnraxie xu3HeHo Ba-

HephTe HocFT rollaMa olroBopHocT 3a aeqaTa 14 xlBora uM, He oT +x3ronofvgecK!,l v xurtleHHl4 fro3l4u!lu, a oT

xeH

rrleaHa roqKa Ha dopMupaHero Ha KynTypeH, ayxoBeH xl4BoT Ba nrrHoueHHh xopa.

no-ronsua qacr or

30

c-hulecrBy-

goBeuJKr4

cMfictn ,l

B3a MoorHouJeHuF. lAMa

qoBeuJK,l

nv

xnrpu, npocroayluHt4,, noBKl4, Heyaa9H[ul4, cTpaxnuBu qna cMen!!l, HexHu l4nl4 HeAoBor'tHt4, Kanpu3H14, Ao6pr, 3nl,l, ,<pacrr'.BtA unt4 rpo3Hl4 KyKIr? B noBe-

'{eTo cflyqau Te ca aHeM[qHI,

6e3-

cpeaa, KoaTo npeapa3norara KIM aKTI4BhOCT, a He npeau3Bl,iKBa qyBcTBo Ha cTpax.

Or xor$lrxrin,

npeaMerH[ar

CBFT rpE6Ba Aa ce npeB-bpHe B cBar Ha npy8TerlcKl,l KoHTaKT Mexay aeqa 14 Br3pacTH14, cBaT, KOiTO Aa He OrpaH!!9aBa KaKTO AeqaTa, TaKa U Bt3paCTHnTe - TOraBa u Ha aeqaTa lle e norecHo Aa 6rAar Aeqa, x.B}3pacrHr4Te u.le x3n!fl Hf BaT no'ao6pe B!3nl/lTaTenHaIa cl4 po,la.

METOAOnOT qHh OCHOB]4 HA nPOEKTI4PAHETO HA CPEAA 3A !rrPU HA AEUA B nPEAyqUflUUHA Bb3PACT H.

L

Kprxaxoecxa

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e cr3AaBa-

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EMnllpl4,iHxFr noAxoA npx npo:{rfipaHe Ha cpeaaTa 3a aeqa Beqe e

- leo6xo4rur

ca ue'cat4Kt4 t^ npenoptKl,r, KoITo aa oT' -eaocTaT'hqeH

:a3FBaT TeOperrqHuTe flpeanocTaBKu / aa ca B noMoul Ha cneullafll4cIl4Te -3r.1 KOMnneKCHOIO pa3pa6OTBaHe Ha ttlAerl'VA 3a Aeqa, a neAaro3rre * npla -c€SeKT BHoTo [3noJl3yBaHe Ha re-

a/ v3aetuq

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npoMeHIt4Bo orHoueHxe -a AeTeTo KIM cpeaaTa. KotraxTtr :}C CpeAaTa Ce OCIUIeCTBEBa lpe3 14

:aHxeHlE, Koxro ca or

6e3ycnoBHo-

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YAK 62:7.05

TO HaBIl43a B OrpOMHaTa C[CTeMa

OT

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Ctapertlerrara ncrxororrB pa3rpaHxqaB6 Tpy eTana Ha ncfixl4gecKo

- 053.2

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MeTHaTa aKTLBHOCT OUle npe3 nlpBaTa roa[Ha oT xl4BoTa Ha aeTeTo h npo-

pa3BI4Tle Ha AeTeTO,3a BCeKh OT KOt4TO e XapaKTepHa onpeaeleHa chcTeMa

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or aeriHocrrl. TonnMa porF

B AercKo-

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hrpaaT Boaeu.lhTe BuaoBe AeiHocrx - rrpoBa, v,re6Ha q Tpy" AoBa. Te3r,t etAoee qeixocrr ce no-

Tpxroa14uHa B]3pacT, a TpyaoBaTa Aeirocr ce npoaBFBa KaKTo caMo-

ro

pa3Bl4Tl4e

Kanl,13upaT B npeaMerHo-npocrpaHcrBeHara cpeAa Or rHTepec 3a npoeKTaHTlTe e [3yqaAaBaHeTO Ha BC,1'IKl,1 BrAoBe aKrrlBuocr v Aei.{ocrt4, r'bi.

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SxqHh SopMx Ha opraHt43aqha Ha npeaMerHoro 14 npocrpaHcrBeHoro o6KprxeHhe.

3a c}xareHre, neAarorhKara n ncl4xoJlorrFla He pa3nonarar c Arl$epeHLlhpaH cnrrcbK Ha To3r1 Bxa aeiHocll4, KbM Beqe [36poeHxTe, MoxeM Aa Ao6aB!1M creAHlTe: npOAyKTxBHa AeiHocr (p!4cyBaBe. MoAen[paHe. anrl14KhpaHe, roncrpyupaxe), cnoprra AeiHocr {3aHaruF 3a Oh3x,{ecKa KynrYpa) n raopvecra xyAoxecTBeHo-

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14

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Ha

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14

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Ta BrAoBere aefiHocr ce o6oco6FBar, BCFKa OT TFX nplaAo6lrBa nO€OpeAe,leHa crpyKrypa 11 cneqla$lr,rHa +opMa Ha opraHl43aqrfl (cxeMa 'l) .

AHarh3tr Ha rpl,Te B-b3pacroBh neproaa Ha [ercKoTo pa3B[Tue * aonPeAYql4nhqeH

nuu.leH

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(6nox 3)

- (6nor 1) , npeAYqrl2l a yeunuuleH -

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I3BOA 3a OTpOMHOTO Bnl4FHhe Ha rrpoBara aerHocT 3a +opMr,lpaHe nl4,{HOCTTA HA AETETO. AOMTHAHTATA HA

c,leaHl,lle 3aaa9l:

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nepxoA Ha nOAhUJe_ HO ab3npxf,Tue Ha BtHluHlire Bl3aercrBuF, oco6eHo npoqeclTe Ha o6yqeHt,te r Bb3flnraHre, Cnopeg negarorr-

CeH3xTl.1BeH, T.e.

Te. B Ta3X Bb3paCT Ce nOIalaT OCHOBX-

Te Ha Bt3nlraHlero, npe3 To3x neproa ce pearru3xpar 90 % or qenra euenrraTeIeH npoqec.

XapaKrepBo e, qe ycBoaBaHero Ha o6qecrBeHxF onrr. +opMtapaHero Ha ,!I{HOGTHT4 KaqeCTBa Ce OCbUIeCTBaaa Hai-Beqe s npoueca [rpoBa-

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u

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14

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eHepzuq. MnadexKuq cu eHrycua3bM, c reopqecKure cu 3aMucJlu 3a zoduHu Ha nped. U ceza, KaKro deceruneruF Haped e qacfue odqysaHeTo c To3u rcnaHfnue, Reo6uKHoeeHo dyuJeeHo 60zar u oBuaeua soaeK. Or uMero Ha 6bn2apcKure My konezu u npuqrenu pedaKuuqra Ha ",qfianH" My no)Kenaee sdpaee. dbnbz r{ueor

reop'lecKa padocr u

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e cuaaaeHa nPe3

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npenop!{ara

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qyx6hHa ,4 noA6op Ha Bl.coKvt A 3ai' HepcKl,l nocTrxeHxn, opraHh3hpaHe Ha x3nox6r h apyrl,4 npoFBh 3a npo_ nafaHAhpaHe Ba av3aiHa, nooulpFBaHe Ha alt3aiHa a MecrHara flpoMl4tllrle' Hocr. no cry,rai to6hnea qe 6baar opraHr314paH11 cneLll4an[3hpaH14 !43-

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'no cnyvai cBoFra 50-roAI4LUHxHa hranl4aHcKoro cnxcaHxe AOI\4yC noaroTBF oTKprBaHero Ha [3nox6a ta reua "50 roa[Hl4 hTanhaHcKa apxuleKTYPa", Koaro ocBeH B lvll4naHo qe 6tae noKa3aH h B 3anaAeH 6epnHH, Tlapxx, rloHAoH x HIO-fropK. 143nox6aTa rMa 3a qen aa noKaxe c Ha' rneaHr4 cpeacTBa pa3BrlTkeTo Ha rlTa-

nhaHcKaTa apx reKTypa npe3 nocIEAH TE NETAECET TOAhH'1, KAKTO !4

ponara Ba vftan4a Ha clBpeMeHHara apxhreKrypHa cueHa. 47

BeqaHre yqacTHt4ql4re Bcexa oTHouJe3a AeiHocrra Ha 14KCrlA npe: 1980 x 1981 .., no nporpaMara 3a 6raerut4re o6ulx c!6paHxs14 r<oHrpec[ { f,lacyBaxa 3a yTBbpxaaBaHe-

xpoHuka

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cneABautxf, r(oHrpec Ha 14KCly'L npe3 1981 r. BrB Ol,1HraHAua. Ha

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p!4x ce ctcron EAuxaAeceroro o6u.lo c}6paHre Ha l4KCt4A. AenoBara pa6ora xa lasro4lrruHoro O6u1o ch6paHl/ie npoTeqe B oceM c]BeulaHxff, AHeBHUFT peA Ha Ko[To o6xBaHa LuxpoK Kplr or Bbnpocl4, cBrp3aH[ c aoceraLlHara AeiHocr Ha opraHu3aqxaTa, nJlaBhpaHelo

14

opoBexaaHeTo Ha

6!Aeu.lu nposBx. Ha rperoro cLBeu.laxne 6nxa o6cuaexu npeAnoxeHua Ha npeaclaBl4lerll4 Ha cTpaHu-qleHK,l oT CrBera 3a op.aHx3{paHe Ha KoHKypcx r,i pa6orHl4 crBeu.laH[a 3a o6cbxAaHe Ha opraHu3aqxoHHx pe$opMra: "MexAynapoAer xotrrypc sa 4llsain

na rrparru" (Ortaatrar,ra), "hK- Syrrqrn u crpyrrypa", "LleJ!x, crpyKrypa x ycraB Ha l4KCt4A" Ct4.Q

(npegaoxexne na [0xxa A+plaKa) , "flpegaoxerre 3a peopraH[3aqxs Ha 14KCI4A Bls Bpb3Ka c AeiHocrra Ha peruoHaJrHt4re rpynra" (l4cnaxtaa) . Ha

neroro cLBeluaHlie 6sxa [3cnyuaHu aoKJraaxTe Ha reHepanHla ceKpeTap, AoKnaA 3a npoBexaaHero Ha t4HTEP.

Al,43AlZH, 3a cneqharlH{re nposB!4 Ha Craera, sa EalHaAecerus KoHrpec B l\4eKcrKo, xH+opMaqu8 :a pa6orara no reMara " Aueai,,/. ea noAnoMaraHe npn 6eAcrsra". Ha nocneaHoro ct48

HOBO PbKOBO,qCTBO HA MEXqYHAPO,qHI,I.g CbB ET

HA OPTAHU3AIUUTE 3A IIPOM AJIEH ,NlBAfrH

(uKgru)

auqenpe3ude4iu ciaHexa Puuap 6oup lnoh@a) u Rapna BeHocTa lt Enua).fnaee4 ceKperap

qe

66de

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Ha URCU,4, cbctoeno co Ha

3a nocta npe3udeqr Ha UKCUA npe3 nepuoda 198031 z. 6eue u36pa4 c nbnHo 6oowuHcteo npo6. Apr.p Dynoc ICAA),

eaH dep CaHde

C6een: Aupk nKo6c (6enzua), OpaHcoa Xonax (Opanque).

AHru HypMeH CHuMu (@u4na$dua). X.T, Buac lUHdua) u KHyr l4paH (Hopeezue), Racuep: AneaHdFD nfio MapzalH (MeK-

B npodbDte4ue Ha dBadecer u net 2odu u Apt p nynoc e npo@cop u paKoeoduten ia $aKynrera no duSaiH s yttueepcureta e CupaKWa (CAl4). Hezoeaia npozpaMa za deddunnoMHa'cnequanugaqua e u3eectHa Ha ceetoeHata dusad4ep-

cKa odtlecteeHocr Karo

Had..do6pata

MetoduKa 3a o6yge4ue Ha duaadHepu, cb3dadeHa doceza, llpedu rpudecer zoduHu roi ocHoeaea l1yt oc AusalH Acouuedr

lnAA) - dpy*ecreo

Ha Edubadeceroro o6ulo c66pa ue

noK

qneHoee Ha

3a dusadHepcko 06-

cflyxeake Ha npoMuuneHu npednpuaruq e CAA u e 9W6uHa. Or 1961 z. HacaM

nynoc pa3eusa u3e6HpedHo aKrusda dei" Hocr a padkute Ha UKC4A. no nusHu noKaHu u no Ha3HayeHua or 0HECKO tuA e

6un neKtop Ha ceMuiapu no du3adH e KaHada, MeKcuKo, RonyMduq, Ap)KeHTuHa, CCCP. yHzapu, fAP, nonura, Ebn2apun.

PyMbkua, q exocnoeaKu1, Een2u4. U ranus, OpaHque. ndKucftH, UHduE u EnoHus. B cBoFft crpaHa npo6. nynoc e 6un nocroaHHo deeH cbrpydHuK Ha OedepanHue cbeet 3a duiaiH u Ha ceKropa 'Au3ad4" KbM npozpaMard 3a EaquoHanHo paaeurue. Ceza rofr e eKfl@seh e opzaHugaquoHHUF KoMuter 3a MeradyHapodHuE cuMno-

3uyM "npoMuuheHuat dured$ u

Haquo-

HanHure uHTepecu", Roiro tue ce npoee6e hp@ rasu zoduqa e CAl4. npo6. nynoc e npednoqudH cbrpydHuK 3a peduqa npodecuo4aflHu cnu-

caHun. aatop Ha zonaM 6pol rpydoee, eklltogurenHo u Ha Kquza 3a npo$ecuoHanHoro opueHtupaHe Ha Mfladute xopa.

no4acto4qeM ioi aae'puea Had-KpynHata cu a€iopcKa padora npoMuurneiua dugalH".

- "Ucropua

Ha

PedaKqulra Ha "Au3atlh" nosdpa-

ef,ea npo6. Aprap Arr. nynoc ho cnysel ui6utrEHero My 3a nFe3udeHt Ha nKCLTA

u My oorGnaea ycnex e 66deqaft dei-

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