Дизайн 1982 / 2 by Industrial Design Bulgaria

Du4,oUn o t x6o

p Ma qu a He H 6 @ e,u H Ha

1606 corpuq

6,h. o,.-be

CbAbPNAHUE Han-0o6pu dDia nnepcKD pa3pa6ot kD

e \eHrpanHu, uHcrutvr 3a npaMuu 1941

zo)uga........3

PByntutu u nepcnektusu

cbryyd.

Hueecfearo Ba crpaHure enedKu Ha CUB no npa'teMure Ha epzoHaMu

4ra D npoMuuneHan ec/eruKa.. EtuKara Ha ecrcruKan ........ nacnedaearenu Ha udejte Ha

..... 15 ...22 27

Xadec A4anep u pa'orara Ha Heroaara zpyna e CCCP -...........27

Eucuero yeunuqe 3a reap

cecteoeY,M.

3 anadHoeepMafl cKuB

t t)uanH

........30 -

e t6pce9e da Hoe.tvHKt)uoHatu36M. . . .36 3a qereHacoeeHorD D H6opMauu oHBo ocDrypFeaHe Ba du3arjHa .......... U3detuB Ha evtu)ecryaHdu

au3adHepu..

.38

.........40

-" 10 zot)uHu YnpaeneHue 3a npaMDwneha ecreruKa npu A4uducrepcKua cbeer Ha aAP. . . . . . . . . . . .

.42

CbeerqagDe Ba pbKoeadurerure Ha HaquoHanHuf-p apzaHuaquu 3a

npoMuuneHa ecfefuKa Ba couuanuc tueeckute crpaHu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - HayeeH ceMuBap na npo6 neMute Ha fvHktluoBanu3Ma ........ TeMaruceH yKa3aren

..43 43

1978 l9?l?.. . . .44 A36yeeH yKa3aren 1978 19812. ... _.48

o pesy''dtu pa1 pEbo rK u

eHry.r hBaza u Hcruryra nPoM 6tu

\@ u

e dL 3at H.p

,erdon rrctuKu 3a 19a1 ,od . . . .

Pdy'EBtht

u nepcneKtu66r

.......15 EtuKaecrctLKD......... nacredasa,arL udet 6Byxav3r

- Bbr.uee yeuruqe ftDp cecfBao zopaae v'M A u3an, Oedepatu Bnon Pecny6' TepMasu| 6 nolcKax

A crab. u3taxer6r a3z'ed\t .dHaza

btaaaauxct npedctEau,e'et au3ann

Ma AaMy., 1942,624, c5253

py6cxoM Aprvpa nv'o. ...

duanHep.a 40 .. ..42

K Ae.arureruF Ynpasre

tturu<t Coeerc MuHucrpoa rAP . . . - CaeeqaHua pyRaqodure

rBoprecKu'

'uKu HoBo,o.tvHKuuoH u3Ma... .. ..36 o q ete B n paa' eH H oM o H 60 pME aL o H " 3a BoM o6e.neceHuu du3adHa . . U3derup uHocqadBblx

nvnAC. A. 3ruxa 3crcruKu hHdactpu.n dL3ad|, 19ao, M 31. c 5a6a [AD3atH, 19A2.It'2,..22 26. ur )

. 27

p.6a,a ero

cccP

, et HBquoHarLshrt

Ka. o6qurceHHa,

pasHoqeBshrx uHaueudaa. AopManu3M u 6vHKuoaHa"u3M a du3anHe. coqua,hhbtti

d "e6tcuun du3anH. Hacrcraee, npoa. toe, 6ydvqec u au3aiih. a MatepuEr6Hod Po .ryHK4uEx crcuM.c,0 u3detut "

poMLtun.rHoti 3crcruKL co

..........43 HavaHbtn ceMuHap na

npo6,eMBM 6vHkquohat03ME TeMarLceckun yKa3aren' ..

...44 A'hdasutuun vKa3are,h. .. .. .. .. 44 MvHknOE, B. Pey';tarbt u nepcheKtuebl ca9ydHu\ecrc? crpaB e'eHoe c3R na npa,reMaM rpzaBoMuKu u rcrHuctKon

rcrcruKu. TexHule.Kaa ,ctufuKa, 1941 M S, c. 1 4 lquanH. 19A2, iJ" 2, c 15 21) ceoeo6oa3HLtM atueroM

19a2,1l? 2, c.

lAu3anH,

36-3a.u' )

xapaKrepu.tuka Au3atha e @Pr. Pa36utuc

L teHdeHqLu BeMeqKo.o au3adHa.t neata ecka do Hdcrcaqezo ep,pMeHu. Pa4uoHE. th4btii 'au3anH 3a u hpotuB.

cnaBoR,

6apMaqtorHoM a6ecneceHuu

du3anHa.

4dadB, 19A2, " 2, c.3A 40 AUMqTPAB, n. XaHec Madep u ezo zp'/n ha e CCCP. !u3ztH, 1942, '2, c. 27.30..

oPzaHU 3z4u d

U 3A u H AeAep.tugHa n Pecnv6' uk u r.p MsHuu B naucKax Haeo.a oyHKquaHarr3

na3uLlun

duiEtHepoB. Knaccu'uKaaue euda6 3cre. ruKL c no3tqud Au3adHa - nLcHae )creru

HLE npoM6tureBHan

hpu

Kr!

cotpyd

reMdM 3prodoMuKu u rexHue.c

XaHec Manep u

,rM HacrcdHrKa rpaduqun 6arxay3a c 1953 ., .ada czo cot&Hu" do ezD 3a Kp'ttuR 3 1969 2. npazpaMMa .6yceHL3, deHtue. no'utue.cKud

Hul..tea crpa1.c'eBoe c3B ,a npo6

,pr,nn6r e

hatun.tHen

6atd crpaH \neHoe C3B a D5tactu epzaHo MrKL o rcxHuaeckad 3.tetuKu. nepcneK. tua6r pa3eutua rtaza carpyaHu\ecfta B

XaBec Madep u ezo npoz@MMa pyKa1oa crca 6av\ay3 dD 1930.. X. Manep e CCCP [1931 1936). npaeKrHbE paipa6atKu u 3aAacu. "Haua pa6ara cry*6a Hapody..."

AUMhTPAB, n. Abtcu* yauruqe raapce .rBa zopoda Y'M. AusanH, 1942, Ne 2,

B cra^e

MetuaueecKuii onbn uH6apMaquaaHdx

c'W6 RHI4UT3 MacK.a e MucecKbn

qjL n

'yaakecteeHHod

haye9a

uHbDpMa

u3cne.)oeater'cKan u

poe<rHad dulanHcpcKon deaftr6qactu.

3tunLt pa$utuh t)unnH.uB@opMaq'u Ueru, 3aaB!u. cpedc,.a u MercduKE uB'opiaauu e alsanHe cotpydHuc. .rca du3a'"ep.Ku' 3 d5racru uqfopMa quu. AHato3 Mercdule.Ko.a no.a6uq

onucaHa teapeecKan 6uo.paduq

Bhrcdera vauruq1 reapcectaa e zopode

o6ecnereHuu

HayeHD rcxBuaeckod,

Hod pa6ote

tyAanHuKE.K

/oblcat. Te.hnichesk.ya liedka, 19a1, N 8, p. 14 (Design,19a2. N 2 p. 15211

D|MITROV.

Thk Bdicle k rn aisinat teport of the tiv-. tott watk at the nenbet couniies af rhe CMEA i. the fietd at e.ltonani.s .nd indr ti.l Eenhe cs An outttne of rh-"

Follawrr9 !p the h)stoty of tltt Desion 5ch.at in Uin hen ot ttE iadnio.s

cotlabotat)an dLtinp tht ptetent t'ivc yeat

works. PotniLat cl,n.te .nd .e.so.s whi.h hav,p te.J ta.to\in! the s.oat

L fh. deesn s.haot tn Desjsn,1982, N 2, p.30 36, ilt

utrl

fha bcn desigh ptaje.ts in the

c.niat nnitLt. I

Dersn,

f. /

1982.

ResDhs and

l.dultirt ..

prcspats af tha

cattabarction af tht mcnb.t c o0nit6 ol sM EA a n e/9ononric

plable,n The erlrEs afasthetics Harnes Meyet..d the a.t/nv and

rndjlnal

design

deegn staup h the The desian vhool rn Utn

ol ht

yeat

fLncronEtity

.36

Aba0t th.ptavbian af tpectattzed desisn

tnto.na.a. . . . ...

1953 when

1969 wh,pn

wrs

w1t

c10set1

Cuai.ulrn, .tewners lrsks i.t1 jrdent

Thc Ethtcs .l

tnduitiat .letisn,

1gao, N lDesisn. tga2, N 2, p. 22 26)

rtlhercs.

34, p. 5a6a

tt,"!c. h :tatch ot new tL"ctio.alnr Dot u:, 19A2. 624, p 52 53 lD.-aqn. 1942. N 2. p 36 3A tlt ) WEST GERMAN

3a 4A

ceteb@tion ot the 19th .nnivet t'/ of rhe lh.luntirl De:isn Oflice at the Cauncrl.f

M)h$ts al the DDB Meetins ot th,p nams,.ts o I n.tion.l a /s.nnations tot

c.unt).s S.ientih. Enrnl an fun.ionaheh Srbte.t ln.tex 197a 1981 Atphabeti.at tndtx 1978 1981

sacirtht

ussR

PULAS. A. )n seErch.fa new

.t Aauhrus ho,,

,p:tablished up

The .nicte prcsents the iLJe.: ot one ot tt)e forcnost reprcsentatiyes af d.esn, Anhu. Putos, of the po$tble aeihe c.tdtude af detpne^ An artenpt ta ctasify tht typet .f aestheti.s hotu thr desisne4 iand p.int

ptiBte Ee$heti.s, ,.er aesthencs ...1 Fatn 3n.t iti.cnon.f dcsisn Sa.trl rn.t 'inpetial" .tes)g, Ah.u th. rtat.nal Elre of the tioduct a"d tt

. 43 . 14 4a

DIMITRAV, L Han"es Lleyet and r/,e acttvrLy .t his .tesiq. q.auD r" rh-. ossq D.eqn, 1942.l1 2. p 27 30 ttl H.nne: Mtytt r: .ttre.tar af B.thrus rnd

V BesDtts an.t ptaspects .l tht .oltabot.na. at the ncnthet cou.ttes al MUNtPAV.

dLrrial .tet9.

H M.y.t in the ussR 11931 1936) Dttsn,.^ deNelorie.a .rd t.'ks -a't ||otk .a.tnn of hcins .t etNr.p to |1rc

Ch.t.ctet6tr.s at the dasisn )n W.n cet

)n.t .en.l: at

.he

Gen.rn d.ssn ftat tha hesin.tnt al the ptete.t dEy The tan.nat .1csig, p.Dsan.t.an\

thP p.av&.n af ,lLrnatio. Deton,

SLAVOV, 1. Ah.,t

Tha ant.1," ir about

hf. natio":etrices n vN TE Moskavl n Dtaridins nnh{ al dNsner wtlt 3".J .tt nn.rnr.ttan Axns. putposes alcth..Js ..d ner,: ol hfa.n,.ttjn t.t thduntial .tesisn cotl.L)ot.t.. .t tha .l.sig. inatutes af the sa.hlR .artt)ts . nte fttd aJ t.fo rrr.an A.ntyt: Dt the ter.rc,ce boak ''ent tntannatt.r rn

HAN-AOEP},I AX34'H€PCK}1 PA3PA60TK14 B

tIEHTPAIHl,lE ECTETI4KA

14HCT14TyT

34 1981

34 npoN[4utJIEHA

TOATHA

Au3at)HepcKa pa3pa6oua Ha kodcrpyKrusBara 6a3a Ha CtV-EC u dacrotHa ,ekcroo'pa'orsaaa Mauurd.

npoeKftBru: Ao,pota6 neuuB, AteKcaHd6p

'acuree Ori4iexa c Harp.aara 'Han Ao6pa an3anHepcka pa3pa6orKa B ueHrParHrs ,Hfirryr 3a npoMrrureH 1981 roarHa'.

jryt

u:x

ModepHL3attuR Ha MuHLrepMuHat

cM t605 npoexnu ru : 6 ipaua Fnaenew<a. uHx. KocraduH Kacrce

lleearaao ycrpot)crao 3a sudea' rcpMuHan U3OTA528 npoeKraHtu : Mnade4 Neta 3 KoB. uHX. ner6p 6aqdt<uee

f'r I

Haea cepun hpo6usHu MauuHu

13nE

u 6Y2-13nE

ntaeKraHtu : EenKa RetKoe.

OaMunuB 5aHLruzu zaMa "Podanu

npoekra1tu : reopru ruKos, EOpacuHa natapaBa

treKrpoHHa ee3ra 3a nanyaefoMatueso npetertAHe Ha crcku gMU 5 npaeKnHtD : EunuaM KuDHos, uHx. HuKora Aacee

.:,

',,

Ctpyz@ notyaarcMat ot 6aMunus "nepyH" yc6sbpueHcreaH KDH crpvKtuee4 Mooen cE 063 npoe KraHtu : Kasc rcHru H C Mars Has MuVd 44 upB B o6,uHX. ner6p XpucraB

AaMuruq MautuHU 3a Ma,Hu,a obPabarka npoeKnH td : BurKa rekre.a,

aOpa3uBda

r4*. netbp xpucroe

I i

l.l.r:rn ) tr .:;!1i".:Ht) nn .r)int)

I ir i ) : L qat a u)j tui.".nD.| .:'t rtrput lla6nDtsa

lltrD t

TetefoHHu anapatu TA 80O.Ol u TA 9OA.O7 npoeKraHru: napacKe6a IvKoaa, uHx. KocraduH KocrDa Tere,oHeH anapat TA 720a.02 > PanBa Apa,oLuLHoea, Kupun Eerqee

npaektaHru:

r::a-"-1a

Hoea zpaqueHo o6apMreHue Ha 6erocunedu npaeRtaHr: 4eeraH UtueB

"6atKa,"

TenefoHeH anapat TA 12OA.O3 npaeKraqru: nerbp nerpoe, uHN. HuKota,qaceB

'12

Hff KOl4

APyf l,l PA3PASOTK14

HA r.ll/lnE

34 1S81 rOAIHA

TenefoHeH anapar TA 120A.ot npae k raHtu

: fl apacKeea AyKoea

Sopuc Anocranoa. uHN. KacraduH

TenefoHeB anapat TA 900.02 OpoeKraHtu : Aece nuB KaHdu Mupas

Kp6z,ouru6oBheHa Mauuha

aK 322.41 n poeK taBtu : KaHcraHtuH CManRH oe EKatepuHa AHdohaBa

reneforeH anapat

OAO.Ot

n poeKraB tu : Pan Aa Apa ra

ur H osa,

AarbMar MBD2ona3uuuoHeH 3a zapeuto o6eMBo qaMnoeaHe AA4r 30 npoe KraH tu : BeH uecnae Kocroq, uBtn. Mapuq naenoea

-t

n poe KraB, : Pan Ha 8pa?o uu Haea

Y.ryonctea 3a MueHe, pa3MazBut€ade cyueee da i)etadtu, a6qa6areHL ha

MazHuho a6pa3ueeH Merad DpaeKrag rD: ButKa reaee6a, uHx. ller6p xpuctos

nDtpe6utencka tpaHcnoPrHa crepeaycunea fen n pa-" K nH tu : EMtrua Crefa"@., uHx. Koctat)uH Ko.rce oDa Kaa Ra 3a

;tl"

r;..1:

*l' .;..

PE3Y.IITAT1414

EPCNEKI14B14

cre.He

Na norDc6rrencKkre csot.rR, ia B.,eKf Braose npoayKuhu. npe3 neproaa 1976 , 1980.. B FaMKqre Ha HavqNo rexHfee.koro.l

HA CbTPyAHt49ECTBOTO MEXAy CTPAHI4TE_g/IEHKI4 HA C I,1 B I']O NPOS'IEM14IE HA EPTOHO^ M14fl

rpyaHqeecrBo Mexay crpaHrre eneH

TA U NPOMI4IIIfl EHATA

6Fxa 3aslpuetsr 3Haq/

reneH Spon pa3p360rKf (260 caMo.

ECTETT1KA,

croHrentsr 3aaaN,F)

no npo6ncMa "Pa3pa60rBaHe fa Baycffre ocroBu Ba ep.oHoMrqe.Krre tsopMh h f3lc KBaHfF", s Kosro yqacrsaxa 61 opra

ts/3aqh!

KoMyBrcrrcecKara naDrfF p!koBoarren

Ha KoopaxHaq!oHHsa

ueHDp no npo6reMa "Pa3pa6orBase Ha kaylHure occoB{ Ha eproHoMreec

Krre HopMx, !3rcksaHrF'i 3aM.

A{peKrop no HayqHara {act

Ha aceca$HrF

rE,cK,

qHc],ryT

flayqHo fi3creaoBa-

C!BercKuF c6n3 u ocrahanrre 6,rar. cKh naprif npoBexaar Kypc Na npe. eprulafe Ha npeacroflu_lrre aBe ne. rL4netKf 3 neproa npotr3BoacraeHo | tsayqBo-rexHree. cKo KoonepfpaHe Ha coqhanrcrfeec

K/re crpaNr, Ha

crspeMeHHLas eran tsa couqanHo.trkoHoM/cecko pa3Bh. rhe Ha crpaNrre eneNki Ha ct4B nrp_

3aaac4re

H're saKrop,

pa3Btrrre 3a no€xuaBase 6narocrc roFNrero Ha Hapoaa_ OnpeaenFur SaKrop 3a ycko, peHoro pa38rr/e Ha eproNoMxFra B coquantrcrqcecKure crpa!, h opradr3qpaHero Ha MHorocrpaFHo c!rpyr HxcecrBo e o6eKruBrara norpe6Nocr

YAK 001.2:7.05 (103)

ra HapoaBoro cronaHcrBo or onpe aenFNe 4 nrnHoqeHtso h3non3BaHe Ha coq4anhorKoHoM!cecKrrj pe3epB, 3a noB,uaBaHe edeKrhB cecrsoro Ha rpyaa, noao6psBaBe !a TPYAOB'TC YCNOBtrF h YClBlPUEH

ce o6lpHa oco6cfo peacnsHero i kperNk 3aaatsrF 3a cra!aaprr3aqrF:

6FXa noA.orscNr 43 BopMarrss, rexHrqecK! aoKVMeHr/. 29 or Ko,ro cnyxar

3a ocHoBa

npu pa3pa6orBahe craHAaDri fa c t1B I naBNoro 3Baqetsqe Ha ra3u AeriHocr

noanoMaratse y!hohKa qfFra Na HauroHanHrre craHAapTx 4 apy.rre NopMaruBHo-rexHf cecK, ao

KyMeBfu Ha crpaH4re-cneHK! fla ct4B B o6nacrra Ha ep.oHoMrsra. B xoAa Ha clrpyaHhqecYBoro 63xa pa3pa60 reHq noBe{e or 30 Meroaa 3a eproNo Mk{ecKo ,3cneaBane / c}3aaaeH, 17 ekcnepuMeHranB'1 creHAa, ny6rhKV. BaHu 120

oreera, Mo!orpa4,,,

rorBeH h yrBlpaeH

"c.rc!K

tsa

no4 Hai

3a BneapaBaHe,,,

3 Kotro ca BKnrcqeHh 20 Meroareec-

kh npenoplkI noco6rF

3a pa6or,

Hhrlkre or npoMrune|ocrra, KoH crpykrophre, au3aiBephre, apy.u ESekrkBNofira Na HavcNo rcx. rkcecKoro c!rpyaHreecrBo ce onpe. aena ao ronFMa crenets or u€neNaco cetsr8 noa6op Ha reMar ka. aHec Ka. 't5

reropucHo MoxeM aa 3aFsxM, qe ro

nrMara noarorBhrenHa pa6ora npk onpeaenFHe Ha npo6neMa, ocHoBHr,l re HanpaBneHxs u qenh Ha ctrpyafu

qeclBoro ca3aaae ao6pa ocHoBa

sxcoKa edeKruBHocr. OcNoBHrFr npo6neM , KoNKperNxre My Nacokq .e orpeaensr Ha ocHoBara Ha nporHo3Hk pa3pa60rKh raLlxoHanHq, raKa MecrHo oi crpaNhreinesK{ Ha cl,4B.

Br.peK, npaKrr!ecKara

Heo6

xoarMocr or HeornoxHo pereNre Ha Blnpochre ra eprotsoMuqecKo ocrry' pFsaHe npu rpoeKrrpaHero Ha npo MtruneHtr u3aenxF I ycnoBkn Ha rpy aa, Bxe He MoxbxMe aa npicDnhM BeaHara KIM ycKopeBa pa3pa6orKa Ha €proHoMhqecKh cra aapru. c qen cl34aBaNe Ha conhaHa iavcHa 6a3a u pa3rprulaNe Na a€iiHo.r 3 ra3tr Ha-

coKa 6eue onpeaeneH npo6neMar "Pa3pa60rBaHe Ha HaycHhre ocHoBu Ha €profoMh{ecKrre HopMx h u3rc. KsaHuF" llp'1 onpeA€nnHe Ha 06!r, re uenx Ha nporpaMara 3a HayqHh ,

rexHhqecr<q r,l3creasaHhF, npeal1M .rBo hMaxa coqxanHhre qen, on rrMh3aq/ara Ha ycnoshsra Ha rpyaa, 3ana3BaHero Ha 3apasero , pa38hrfe 11 B pe3Ynrar Ha ro Ba noe'4uaBaHero fa eseK rsHocr ra Ha rpyAa u noao6pFBafero Ha Ka

'recrBoro Na npoaykqrFrs. nporpa Mara 3a Havcso rexNrqecKo carpYA Buqecrso 6eue HeF 6flxa BknpceHh reMu ! 3aaaqr1, Na Kouro e Heo6xoau, Mo Na BcFKa or crpaBxTe yeacrHuqkr, 3auHrepecoBaHl4 or pa3shrr€ro Ha

ep.oHoMrFra 16

sNeapsBaHero

pa3nuqH,lre o6nacrh tsa HapoaForo cronaHcrBo. Pe3ynrarrre or HayqHure |43CneaBasuF no aeseTT€ TeM, Ha npo 6neMa hMar ronFMa reoperrsHa .ronHocr h oKa3sar clu FHfe KaKro B!pxy pa3Bxruero Ha ep 14

slpxy

Kpurepuq

onrrM,r3hpaHe

BeK-oplafe Ha rpyaa

npor3Boa'

crBeHa cpeaa",

MFcro

3 nporpaMata

3a HaylHo rex

Hr{ecKo crrpyarl14{ecrBo. Teoperk*

cpo4Hhre

o6nacrh ria Haykara u rexHrkara. TeMara "Pa3pa6orBaHe Ha reo p€B.1eHrre u MeroaonorhqHu ocHoBh Ha eproHoMr4Fra"

BaHe Ha eproHoMheecK4

6eue nocBereHa

8ar s!3MoxHocr aa ce pa3rneaa npo

6neMa 3a eproNoMrqecKure Kphrepr1f, konro Bce olre

ca3aaaaHero Ha KoNuenqrF 3a eproHoMrFra, orpa3Fsaura cneqrs'4qNrre cepru Na coqxanrcrhqecKaTa MKoHo

HaMeprn pe. HayKa- ocHos'

He e

Ha noryeeHrre pe3yn

reMa e or npknoxeH xa

Mhka, Ba pa3KprBaHero Ha Br3Mox Hocrhre 3a np'lnzraHe Na o6uroHayq.

flp,

npoeKYtpaNero q cBAaBacacr or npo

Hhre nphfqrFu Na crcTeMHrF noaxoa Ha xoNqenryanHa 6a3a 3a KoHKperHrl eproHoMheecktr pa3pa60rKu, Ha yroqHFBaHero Ha ocNoBBu-

MxuneNure h3aenrF, B roBa ellcno I h3aei6qra np€aMer Ha B3ahMHa r!proBhs Mexay crpaHq

re n noHFrvF h Kare.ophr. np,

C14B,

pa3

pa6orBaHero Ha reMara B3exa yeac rhe yeeHA h cnequanqcfu or HPE, rAP, CCCP q gCCP. OyNKutrhre Ha

Hu pa3nuexF. HairprMep, Nan.ronfl Ma'

BOAeuta opraNx3aLl/F

Bcec!E3NuFr Hayetso.h3cneaoBarencKtr no rexfxe€cKa ecrerrKa

5,3

'Ncruryr CcCP. nonvceH re pe(BH!lrlTE) 3ynrav or u3cneaBaHuFra no ra3! B

OCHOBATA HA

,,P!.

e H€o6xoArMo aa .e ,Mar npea

Bha aHrpofi oMerprcHure r3Mepuren' Hh npfr3Hartu, Korro uMar cruecrae pa3nrKa

B plcra npt Mrxere

(LlCcP u CPP), a npf xeBu1e 4,2 .M (YHP , CPP). AKo ce 33eMar npea Btra , npoLrec4re Ha aK

cen€paquFra no'6rp3orou3pacrBa' He H. Aeqara u rcHou re B cpasreHre

koBoacrao no ep.oHoMheecKo och rypFsaHe nph pa3pa6orBaHero Ha

npoMuuneHu x3aerrF?' x noarorsFHoro 3a neear paKoBoacrBo "EproNo-

aeriHocrra, x3 BlpueHa no 3aaaHrero "onpeAeraHe fa aHrponoMerprqHq aaHHh h pa3pa

Mr3, npxHLrrn, h npenoplKr."i a clqo raKa BaMeprxa orpaRe|re B MHoxecrso ny6nu(aq!r. 3HaqhrenHr reoperx{H,

npaK-

rr,eecKh pe3ynrarx 63xa nocrurNala B xoaa Ha pa6orara no h3 69-re 3aAaHhF or reMara "Pa3pa60r.

npeall]ecrBaqoro

x€M aa oqeHuM rayeHoro

ipaKru.

6orBafe Ha Merolono.!F Ha eproNo MrqecKara aHrponono.rFii{Boaeua

opraHr3aLlrF: Hcrrryr 3a npoMrul

BapuaBa, UHP).Ta.

3x AeriHocr nonox4 Haqanoro Na ep-

aNrponoro.rF. fo-

npakr/cecKoro

rrlrH, Kprr€p/h c

nonsBaHe N3 aFrponoMerprer re aaH

Hf E npoeKrfprHcro fa npoMruneH,

/3xenhF, o5opynsaHe,

3a paqroHan tsara op.!N13aurF Ha pa6orHara no3a

Da6orroro Mncro uMar,3aaAeHrre

arrponoMcrphqN4

Hfero B tlHP

I llPE. Kakro ,

noa atsrponoMerpxceH

B gCCP.

aaN

6flxa ct6'raH, np, .iporo yNidrruypafe Mercab(ara I nporpaMara 3; h3Mep B;H! 6eue yclslprets-Ba ra ana parypara 3a afrponoMelphqw h3 cneaBaNh. 3tsaqfrentsa pa6ora no clafanprh3qpzHero Na asrponoMe rp4qf re aatsH, c o.nea 3aaaqure Ha koBcrpy paHero 6eue 3BlpueHa or noncKurc 6!nrapcK4re cn-ouhanr. Pa3pa60rBaHero tsa cou/anHo

couronor/qec

K"re

npo6neNrf

tsre

3a npoMruncBocrra

cpeaa" (BoaeLla opra.

B 3aU!n: l4HcrrrYr no rpyAa, yHP). YHrapckfre yeeH, onpeA-onqxa Ase

.py.f

coq!a

uecrrE

KoHrpec Ha Kncc, ce 3a€!puBa $opM{paNero Ha Bctrck, o6Lre.rBe

aa, npfcaLla Ha soBrF crpon" (1)

coLruantsonckxo. no.,eeckhre daKrop,, oxa3Baqu se nocpcacrBeHo 3n4F!re Blpxy e+eK.

ruBnocrra h Kaqecr€oro Na rpyaoBa ra a€iHocr, nocnyxr 3a ocHoBa Ha 3a aasxero "Pa3pa6orBaNe sa iFKo, co q/anNo-ncrxonor/cecK, q coqhono

tsa rpyaa/ qCCP), Meroarqeck, 3a onpeaenFtse Ha crcneN-

npenop!Kr ra

orx

HeSna.onpqFrf hre nocneacrE,F

noKrre3rFra

TPV[A

ro3H

rpyrrrLrrer .bffaan fa

14!crrryra Fo ncfxono

fpytrfHcKara CCP pn3Da6or, Meroarksra "143cneaBaHe np"tsr1rnr h 3aKoHo, Meptsocrr np/ ca3naEaNero tsa edex. rrBtsf .pYnh B npou3BoacrBoro c uen

onrrMf3auq6 M.u

fua

e!f H.paackf

oxpaH:3: rpyaa npn Bceca F 4eHrpaneH clBer tsa ipodrecf 3a

npaKr/ceckoro pe3ynrarfre or q3cncaeaHrFra no re Mara 'Pa3pa60rBaHe Ha ep.oHoMi{ec

K' Kp!rephf 33

onriMM3hpaHe

oplare Ha rpy.

npo,3srra.rBeHa cpcaa"

Baxfo craBa peurBas,a ro Ha npo6ncMa 3a orpariqe!ara aRurarcnH3 a<r{Bfocr np" npodecq fre, h3rcKBa!.Lr 13non3Baaero fa yM qtrq3rqe.<h rpya. HaMa

FpoflaoacrBeHa cpeaa ,Ma 3Ha. 3 peuaBaHero ra

r/a koB.pec

Ha clpa€qro claoBa Fatsa np/chHa.3a Br3. Nebpo3r. no 3aaaHfe 'i143cneAsa!e rla tseo6xo4hMira

aBqrareraa akrrafoct tsa qoBeKaoncFrop 3 ycnoBrFra aa xhno(rre 3fF" (BoAeu.ra opraHu3aqrfl tlHcr! 3a npoM14uneHa ecrerhKa, nHP)

6BXa

MeroAhK, 3a u3. "3.orBeHh caeAsaHe Ha aBfiaret1ata aKrue Hocr B ycnosrsra ra 3 npo,3Boacraoro [_leHroareH

crrryr 3a npoMrLlrefa ecrerrka"NUIfE, l-]PE ! llBcrrryr 3a npoMru. nHP), npenop!Kf

3:r

au6^ecei u uec Kncc aKryantsa I coqranhcrfeecKk

criratsr coLrfanHo ,kotsoM eecKa 3a Aaca rpyarr Ha coBeKa aa craHe He caMo no nporl3BoaureneB, Ho I no

s!3aei.rRrc Brp

xy cacroFHtrero

onrrM,3qpaHe

rpvaa, rFXBoro

B (11

crrcnets nphtsoc

Bce no

npcaorBparFBatse

BHt-4t1TE

.fF klM AH !a

ryr .

rocr

crrryr

nhca K. [4apKc. "B

deproaa tsa pa3surqF coqran!3rM,

ionoxelre I '13 !3cr4ryr 3a 6e3onac

ruaHocr B ceanlro

Kprr-apuu 3!3 Morh6a!r,Fra h yAoBnersopc|f ero or

3a H€6narorphsrHo

crpaHr, 3a ycnosuF_

l,l3cneABaHero

corlranHonchxoro.rcecK,

neHara aBfrarenra tsa

ra fa "AeiicrBrrenHara KonekrrB Aeaaecer

uen onrqMr3rpaHe

'1!oBeK MauuHa,npo

crrrpxareneH, no uHrepecer, no (1) Or !-" no ManKo 3tsa.

rsopqeckq

Ha nonyqets"re

iie3ynrar, 3a noao6pFBaHe fa ycno BfFra ra rpyaa, 3a oc!8p noBruasaHe Ha yao6crBoro e npor3

aoAcrBoro or

pa6orHoro MFfio

ao 'pane3apuFra (1) 3a peuaBa!e ro H3 re3u 3aaaq, 3tsashreneH npr. foc Nlar I pe3ynrarfre or h3cnea. "Pa3pa6orBaHe Ha

ep.oNoMyeecKu

cpeacrBa 3a.p€acra. BFtse Ha uHoopMauuF

ParoP" (BoAeula opra!r3aqrs Vhcrlryr no nc xonorrs np, AH !a

cccP).

3a op.aHr3xpaHero

aetHocr 17

onepaioprre u npoeKrupaHero rexHxqecKh cpea3saqeHre ,Mar HopMa

ruB1ure Marcphant4, pa3pa6oreH,

06ur,

roHoMuF.

crBoro Ha nPoayKqrsra. TepMrH, , onpeaeneHrlF",'EproHoMxs. O6qu KacecrBoro Ha npo

paMKxre Ha ra3x

ra KrM

sMAeorepMhHanr.re (tl€Hr1H rpaAcK, $rnhan Na BH14TlTE,CCCP),

Marep'lanfre KrM craHAaprrre 3a Knacrd KaurF Ha rhnoB€re cpeac rBa 3a npeacraBaH€ Na kHoopMaqhF lnpo6neMHa HaycHo r3cneaoBztenc Ka na6opaloprE 3a eneKrpoHNu ctrc. reMu 3a ara.HocruKa h 6roHrKoeph3cneaBaBuF. HPE u

l,4Fcrrryr no ncfxono.uF np, AH Ha CCCP), npenop!K,re npeacraBsHe Na ,HoopMaq/Fra - h3

aYKqhFra. HoM€HKnarypa", "Epro HoMr4F. l\4eroAh 3a eproNoMflrecKa oqeHKa Ha KaqecrBoro fa npoayKquFra". Or 3HaqureneH uHrepec aa xH.

cruryqkxre no craHAaprrl3aqrs u HopMailr3aqus ca pe3ynrarure or 3aAaHrero "O6urh npxHurn,

ayp4 NuF"

np,

npoqe-

craHAzpl,13r4paHero aa epHopM,r 14 h3hcKBa. (l4fc ryr 3a npoMrlLllneHa ec-

reruKa, nHP).

6urapcKqr€

qranrcr, {3rorB xa

Marepxan 3a CllB no repMrHonorxF B

flon3Baur 3NaKocuBre3rpau, eneM€Hrtr (l4scrhryr ro ncrxonorrF ipx

crarAapr

AH, c!€MecrBo c Ml4EM, CCCP)

Tef e cnxc!K or repMrNx, crarpxau.l 20 Ha,MeHoBaHrF SinrapcKara crpaHa OopMyn,lpa {c ornea npeAnoxe-

roaxxara

, Me

3a oq€HaBaHe Ha 3HaqkTe

3HaKosxre a36YKH (IleHrHrpaacKt

,Hcrrryr) x

en€KrporexshqecKh

B ycnoBfFra

ap.

Ha HayqHo-rexHh'

qecKara pe3onrcqr3

ycnoxHrxa

! npxao6,lxa Mex<ayo r

pacnoB KoMnnekceH xapakrep

3aAa

!a npoayKqrsra. 3a p€llaBafero

re3q 3aaaq4 Bce no ronA

np4ao6rBar eproHoMxFra

npo. l.43rorBeHrre B xoaa tsa crrpyaHrcecrsoro Meroah. q€cKh npenoplKx 3a eproHoMrqecka oqeHKa Ba Kaqe.rBoro ra

npoMq!r'e

Hara npoaYk4hF

K'1re npoqec, pa3nhqB, orpacnh Ha npoMuuneHocr ra Ha aqirranrcrrqeck4r€ crpaHr. Te u-Le 6!aar ocHoBa 3a pd3pa6orBaHero ra cneaa4re craraapru Ha cl4B: "Ep18

npuFrrf, , npx pa3pa6orBaHero Ha rexHonor4cecK, npoqecu rl cloplxe. HtF" IHIAV no rpyAa, CCCP). npaK-

o6nacrra Ha eproHoMrlFra.

Kk 3a pa3B4fue Ha craHAapru3aqrlFra B o6nacrra Fa eproHoMrFra ao 1990 roarBa, Na6ens3a oepcneKrxsrre I nrrrltara Na pa3Burhe Ha Mer<rYHapoaHara craHAaprh3aurF B paMKure Ba Cl,4B, clo6pa3Ho oco6erocr'1re

pa3pa6otBaHero !a HaquoHanH,lre craHAapr, 4 ao.erauHrs o6eM Haye Fr aafH, B o6nacrra Ha eproBoMhs

Pe3ynrarrre or c!rpyAHrleec' rsoro no npo6neMa ca, Pa3Pa6orKara "lVexAvorDacnoa, ropMnruBH, Marep4a-

nq no HaygHa oprafk3aqrF Ha rpvaa, Korro rpF6ea aa ce uMar npea Bra Ha NoBh

h peKoH-

crpvrpaHero aa a€rcrBaLltr

npea-

HopMaruBHrlre hoKyMeHru

Ha tsaycHara opraHu3a[rF Ha rpyaa

craeicraa 3a rBoro Ha opfaHh3aqqara Ha rpyaa 11 3a no4o6pFsafe Ha rpyAoslre yc' noa4F, aonp4Haca Ha

nPou3BoaurenHocrra Ha rpyaa n 3a

crKpallaBaHero Ha cpoKoBere 3a 03. naaFBaHe Ha Hoe, npor3aoacrBeHrl MoulHocr4. B corBercrBre c peueHxFra Ha HayeHo rexHrc ce pa3rfexaar npeAnoxeHhsra u 3a 6enexx'are Ha oraenHure crpaHh no nPo6neMa. npenoplqBa ce , clu]o ra

Pa3pa6o

HuFra Ha crpaH"re)

npx npoekrlpaHero

HxFra

npr pa3pa6orBaHero

ro3r aoKyMeHr Na craHAapru Ha

c14B.

AKryanrocrra

Ha u3cneAsaRhF.

''Pa3pa6orBatse Ha ear. HeN KoMnneKc or Meroa, 4 anapary

pa 3a eproHoMrqecKo r3cneaaaHe B na60paropH!,1 r'rpou3soAcrBeHf Vc EI1NI, KaKro x yH,ohqrpaHe Ha cn,-

cl'<a or €p.oHoMrceck nr" ce o6ycnasF or 324a'rure

3a Me.

roahqHo ochrypFBaBe Ha eproNoMuLrecKhre x3deaBaNuF B ycnoBxFra Ha cb3aaBaNe !a raKa HapeqeNara rHly

crpqs Ha eKcneprMeHra u noBhua saHe Ha eoeKruBHocrra or BHeapFBa Hero Ha pe3ynrarfre or HaycHrre q3

cneaaaHuF s npaKrrKara. B pa6orara no ra3q reMa B3exa ycacrhe opraHr3a,

or HPE, nHP, CCCP, yHP qCCP. Boaeuara oDraHf3auhF no re Mala (MocKoBck, arpRaBef yhtrBep q"r'1

curer , llfy, CCCP) c!3aaae craf aaprH, eKcnepqMeHranHu KoMnneK NaE[43PeanHo Bp€Me, Kouro .03BonflBar B na6opa' roptsu ycroBr^ aa ce Moaenrpar pa3'

aeisocr Ha onepa_ ropure B chcreMfre 3a yflpaBnetsre, aa ce ,3cneaBa oyHXqhoHanFara rM crpyKrypa u aa ce cpaBHasFr pa3nrq' Hqre B AoBe opraFri 3a ynpasneHre tr

Nae/Hure 3a npeacraBflHe fa kH+op MaurFra. l43non3saH€ro Fa EllN4 no3

aa ce oclqecrBt Marr3aLr/n npu apoBexaaHero Ha eKcnephMefra. 6axa pa3pa6oreNh cneuxanh3hpaf 4 noprarhBH ycrpoi' BOnh

ra6aOrrq

A Maca, nPVc

foco6eHh 3a npoB€xaaBe Ha r3cnea BaHUF 3 npou36oacrBeHh ycnoBun. Karo nprMep Moxe aa ce nocoq,

77 3a AkcKPerHo npeacraBFHe Ha utr4poBa h3+opMa qfF npr npoMeHFUl ce BrHueH pe xrM - pa3pa6orKa Ba lltlnE, HP5. Pe3yrrarrre or r3cneaBaarara, npo BCA€tsK B PAMKhTE NA AAAEBATA ICMA, ypeA6ara nEY

ure 6raar orpa3eN, B noarorBFHoro noco6,e i'[4eroa, 3a eproHoMrceck, npeaBtrxaa ce clcra sFfero tsa kararor Ha ypeaure u creH aoBere, cr3aaaeNtr 3a Hyxaure Ha ra

Ba p!KoBoacrBoro B3e

xa ycacrhe yqesh I cneqfanhcr! or HP6, rAP, nHP, CCCP, YHP h'lcCP. BoAeu.ra opra!r3auh8 e AHt'lr'ltE,

crrpya

Bu!ecrBoro prKoBoacrBo "EproHo

nphNrltrnu, npenop!Krii

Han{saerrenHfFr Pe3yrrar or Pa6o rara Karo urno. PaKoBoaclBoro e npeaNa3NaeeHo 3a eproHoMtr

r rHxe'

Hepr, Ko!crpYKroptr v a/uaiAepu, apxrreK x apyr/ cneq!:nfcru. B

npaKruqecKoro nphuaraHe Ba MeroahqecK4re npenoprK/ u1€ no.

B"uu edekfuBHocrra

CCCP. P!KoBoacrBoro

Ha nocneaHrre nocrrxeHfs Ha Fay

rpyaoBrre pecypcu

Kara, caarpxa pe3ynrarrre

or,3

cneaBaHh.ra no npo6neMa. rMa Mex ayHapoaes xapaKrep r e or crafaap reH run. l\4arepranhre ca 8u3yantsu, koero 3HsqfrenHo u1e ynecH, non3Ba

fero MV

eoeKrrBHo cpeacrBo 3a peuaBaHe Na 3aaaerre tsa eprotsoMucecKoro och.y pFsaFe npf npoeKrrpaHero tr peanu. 3upadero Ha npoMr!rnetsf i3aenra, noaxoaFUrh pa60rtsf Mecra. Oco6eHo qeHts" or npaKrhqecKa rneafa loeka ca pe3ynrarhre, nonyeeHh

ip,

Ha.bvHaNcoB,re, MarephenHhre 3a noao6pFBaHe

! /

yclBrpueHcrBaHe Ha op.aHf3aqrF Ha rpyaa. llpenoplK re ue noanoMarar kakro oneparrsHoro peuaBaHe Ha Blnpocrre 3a nnaHqpaHe r peanu. ra

3auqF Ha eproNoM qecKhre Meponpu

PrkoBoacrBoro !1e 6!ae repranHara 3ahtsrepecoB

roBoprocr Ha npeanpusrrsra npf BtseapFB3He

tsa

6pFBaNe tsa MeroafeccKrre npenop!

ABaaecer

'l43cre4Batse

Mx{eckara €sekrrsHocr nph BNeapF. Batse Ha nocrqxets4Fra Ha ep.oHo

M!Fra s !apoa|oro Kohro 6FXa orpa3etsu B Meroaqqec Krre npenoplKr "oqeHKa Ha colrtr edekfuBNocr

npr sHeapssaHe eprofoMrsra B opraHf3auhFra Ha rpyaa" {HayqHo h3cneAoBarenc(, hHcrrlYyr no rKoBoMrKa k opraN!34 qrF Ha MaufaoopoeHero u erekrpo.

| HayqHo r3cneAoBaren. ck" ,NcrrrYr no rpyaa, cccP) | ''MeroahqecKh nofHufn 3a onpeae naHe Ha coqranHo hKo edeKrrBfocr or r3non3saHero

Na eP

f3hcKsaHrF iph npo.

eKrrpasero Ha cllcteMr "qo3eK op! ale Ha rpvaa npoh3BoacrBeHa cpe

aa" (l4Hcrhryr no npoMqune| ar'

ep.oHoMrqecK/re chcreMara 3a HavcHa

op.aHr3aqxF fa rpyAa. noHncro. uteM ce npoBexaa ae,iHocr no oao

pa3pa6orsaH

HrKara, HP5 CrcraBeHoro B xoAa

3a'1H, YCCP).

I uecrfnr

Ha KnCC.oacepra oKprxaBau.Lara cpeaa Heo6xoa!Mocrra

(otsrpec

3a qoBeKa I

kpaco.a, ao6tp skyc npu lenHoro i3rpaxaaHe (1) . B couuanfcrh ceck/re.rpaH, ce oraenF oco6eHo ecrerM3 paNe Na npo. ,3BoAcrBeNara h 6uroBara cpeAe.3a

re3, 3aaaq, .onFMo pe3ynrarhre or pa6o. rara no 3aaatslero "Pa3pa6orBaBe !a peuaBaNero tsa

Kprrephu' (Boaeura op.aH,3aurF 14tscrurYr no npoMkuneH af3anH, qccP) . ClrpyaHh{e.rBoro 3 obnacrra Ha npoMqunefara ecrerhKa tsa crpa'

Cl4B

3 paMkrre

npo6neMa "Pa3pa6orBaHe tsa sayqNr' eproHoMueecKfre Hop'

3anoqHa npe3 19

1979 .. no ner 3aaaHrs.3a cpaBHr. renHo KpaDK cpoK 6FXa nocrrrHar,1 crLlecrBeHr pe3ynrarr. Boaeurara opraHu3aLrfF (BHrl4TE, CCCP) pa3

pa6orr crpyKrypara Ha nporpaMara no craHAapr,r3aqhF B o6nacrra Ha

npcM14r!reHara ecr€rhKa. opraHr3a-

u gccp npoBeaoxa 3Hac"renHa aeiHocr 3a

\uqre Ha rAP. nHP,

CCCP

pa3pa6orBaHero Ha HopMarrBHrl Me, roaxqecKf Marepxan! Na c14B no

ekcneprr3ara Ha norpe6urencKure c6o'icrBa Ha 6lrosrre r3aenxF, KaK ro r 3a o6pa6orBaHero Ha aaHHur€

KrM

craHAaprrlre "nolpe6rrencK4

cBo;cr8a Ha npoMhuneFrre r3ae n'lF. TepMuH, A onpeAeteirl t, t'Vt3 6op Na soMeHKnaryp3 Ha norpe6rret CK'TE

noprKf 3a aHanr3 ra rorpe6rrercKrre cBoncrBa Ha 6hrcBhre u3aet/'s', "[4€roAreecKf npenop!Kh 3a oLleHs. oyHKqtro-.

sanfrre iorpe64ren.kn '4 cBoncrBa Ha usaenudra".Ia3u HacoKa Ha h3.nea

lte

cnoMorHe

ra npoMuuneHure r3aenxF 3a sapoaHo norpe6neHhe tr 3a KooparHaquFra Ha aeiHocrra no eKcneprx3ira Ha norpe6urenckrre cBoicrBa Ha u3AenuFra npeAMer

3a s3aqMHa r5proBfF Mexay .rpa Hhre{neHk'4

Ha cl,4B.

Pa3pa6oreHa

Knac,dxKaquF

daKrop" Ha

noBrFra Ha rpyaa

vc-

Kp1rephu 3a oqeHKara ,lM, h3.orBeH, ca MeroAr4

qecKu npenoFKh 3a aHanr3 Ha vcnoBrFra Ha rpyaa B npoMxrreHocrra

n03rurq 20

phaHrrl Ha MeroaxcecKhre Mareptra n, 3a npeanpoeKreH TrcecKa opraHr3auxE Ha noou3BoaCTBEHATA CPEAA (TAP, YHP, HPE). Te3q pa3pa6ork, HaycHo'npaKrrqecKo 3HaqeHre 3a pa

uroHarr3a4xFra Ha npou3Bo4crBoro

B npeanprFrxsra

K'l

(BH1414TE,

Ha crpaHure-cneH

Ha Cl4B c qen no4o6pFBaHe Na ycnoB,rata Ha rpvaal4 no HeroBara npo'r3soahrenHoc npuHa nrqHocrra. Ha-

4qoHanHrre BapxaHru Ha Meroar4Kr. re lte nocnyxar Karo ocHoBa npf pa3pa6orBaHero Ha clorBerHrre o6 ul, MeToarqecKh Mareprantr Na crpa

Bhre{neHk,

CBONCTBA

KaqecrBo", "o6u1tr Meroarqe.kq npe,

BaHhara

CCCP). C!3aaaeHx ca saqhoHanrx Ba-

B!3

Ha ct4B_

ocHoBa Ha npeanoxeHrre

. or HP6, fAP, nHP, cCCp

qCCp

HaqroHa.H|4 BapuaHrn 3a onpeaens_ He Ha repMrHure B o6nacrra Ha Ah-

3atHa ce tr3rorsh clrnacyBar cnu

clK

Ha 6a3oBure repMrHtr c npeasapxrenHa peaakqxF Ha aeceHr-

qrrre (79 r€ or faP

repMxHa)

Cneiruanhcru-

pa3pa6oruxa pearqa Me roa4cecKh Marep4anu no repMhHono .rcHala aeiHocr s A|3a;Ha. CrBercKara crpaHa noArorBu

Bropo u3aaHxe Ha ,,lleroahKa

Mexay crpasfre-eneHKq

Ha c14B aaa€

Br3MoxHocr npu MrHxMyM ychnrs h B Hai-Kpar!x cpoK Aa 6rAar peueHx BaxH, HayqHo rexsucecKu noo6reM, Ha eproHoMuFra u npoMr0neHara ec rerhRa. a nonyceH4re pe3ynra aa 6taar u3non3BaHu B pa3n"eHh cdepx Ha HapoaHoro cronaHctBo. Tosa noanoMorHa yc]<opeHoro pa3Bxrre Ha re3f HayqHu aucqunnrH, B oraenHure crpaHr I B co{rarucrrqecKara o6urHocr Karo qsno. B pe3ynrar Ha nposeaeHrre h3cneaBaHrF ce c!3aaae Heo6xoafMa,

HayeHa 6a3a MeroaxTe ,1 aaHHure Ha eproHoMxBra , Na npoMuuneHara ecretuKa a eauHHaTa chcreMa 3a craH4aprx3auuF

ynpaBneNue

npoMruneHars npoayKrluF. npe3 roAfNhre Ha clrpyAHu,rec, rBo ce 13rpaahxa HaylrNx KoneKrh. sx, cnoco6H,, aa pe0iaBar Ha sycoKo HaycHo paBNuute clspeMeHHrre npo.

6reM,

eproHoMhFra x npoMrure-

u 4a ocrrypFBar

3He

apflBaHe Ha noryeeNhre pe3ynraru B npaKrhkara. BcneacrBhe Ha clrpyanoB"r'r'1 KB u6,lKa_ qrF]a fa HayrrHhre Kaapu B o6nacr ra Ha eproHoM'1Fra x cpoaHfre /r{c

xyaoxecrBeHoro npoekrhpaHe,, (2_pa {acr) , npepa6oreHo, aonuHeHo 60-

6pa3Ho rpearoxeHqFra Na cneqhanhcrure or TAP. t\leroarlKara e eseK-

rrBHo cpeacrBo

npoM'.,uneH€ra npoayKqqF ,13a c!3AasaHe Ha KpacuBh u OyHKuroHanHh h3aenhF.

nerroAruHoro c!rpyAHxcecrBo

ClBerr

Ha ynrnHoMolreHfre

(aeKeMsph, 1980

r., HPE) yrBrpa,

noapoclHa nporpaMa 3a HaycHo rexHr'recKb clrpyEFrqecrso Mel(Ay crpa Cl4B no npo6neMa "Pa3pa6orBaHe Ha HayqH, ocHosu Ha €proHoM4ceck4re HopM,l r,1 h3x.KBa

Hqr". 3a neproaa 1981 - 1985 r.,

KoFro npeaBhxaa sHeapf,BaHe aa pe,

3ynTarrre or NaveHo.rexHuceckoro carpyaHuqecrso

1980

nepuoaa 1976

B HapoaHoro

couranhcrf 'recKure crpaHr qpe3 noa.orBHHe Ha craHAaprh. npeaBhxaa HOBOnonaraL!y, HopMatuBHo.rexH!c€cKu aoKyMeHrr no eproHoMrs. nnaHrpa ce BKrloqBaNe Ha eproHoMrqecKrr€ NopMr aaprrre 3a rexH!qecK! napaMerph h ap., Kohro ce r3non36ar npr npoeKrrpaHero Ha pa60r.

Mecra, npoMruneHtr r3aenrlF, x3AenrF. B nnaHa e

reMara ,P:3pa6orBaHe

Ha craHAaprr, onpeaenFUlr4 HoMeHKrarypara Ha eproHoMhqecKlre no Ka3aren, 3a KaeecrBoro Ha npoayK. quara or no3rqxrre Ha eproHoMr.lF_

ra'i. l{e npoarnxar

13cneaBaHhsra

3a c!3aasaHe Ha HaveHx ocHoB,

oqeHsBaHe Ha Kace_

crBoro Na npoayKqrar Ha aeiHocrra no BHeapFsaHe Ha pe3ynrarrre or x3cneaBaarFra s HapoaHoro cronaacrBo qpe3 yrBlpx_ aaBase Ha craHAap

rerheecK'l

or ra

HopMx

ronFMo 3HaqeH,e 3a edek-

craHAap no eproHoM,lF, Ha HaLlroHanH! ropMaTrBHo TexH, 6orsaHe Ha

eecKh 40KyMeHru

eproHoM4recKo oc!rypsBaHe

1985 r. ce nnaHxpa npoBexaaHero qrKln or eprftoMrqecKk u3cneaBarfF Na Hoarre sxaose rpy aoBa ae;Hocr, KaKro tr pa3pa6orBaaero Ha nprHu'1nx I MeroAll 3a ep. Ha ronaM

.oHoMxeecKo ocr,l.ypFBaHe Ha npoek

tupaHero Ha rexHqeeck14 cpeacrsa.

B nraHa Ha

cFpyAHr4,recrsoro e 3 paMKrre Na Kosro qe ce pa3pa6orFr rrnoBh yee6Hq nporpaMr, KypcoBe or neKur! Yee6H'1 noco6rs no eproHoMxF. 3a noBruaBaHe Na e6eKrrBHocrra Ha Hayero-rexN, rpyAH4qecrBo Mexay crpaHhre-'rne|_ K,] Ha Cl.4B no npo6neMure Ha eproHoMrFra, npoMruneHara ecrerrxa u pean^3auqqra Ha GBMecrHfre pa3pa6orK, e qe,leclo6pa3Ho oclure, peaxua MeponprFlrF. r,1

3a eoeKruBHara, caBpeMeHHa pearr3aqrF Ha HayeHo Merorr4qecKqre

npeanoxeHrF no npoeKronnasa LHa AeiHocrra no craHAapruiaquF B 06 nac a Ha eproHoMrFra 3a nepxoaa 1981

eproHoMusra 3 pa3nxcH'1re 06racTx Ha HapoaHoTo cronaHcrso e reMara "Pa3pa6orBaHe Ha o6urxre npxHHa

uxnl4 3a cEAaBaHe oyHKrldoHrpaHe ' Ha 6aHKa or eproHoMrqecKh aaHHr,,. CEAasaHero Ha 6aHKara or eproHoMhceck4 asHH{ ure pa3Kpqe HoBI

3a uupoKo BHeapsBaHa eproroMxFra B npakruKara, KaKro l, 3a pa3pa-

ipoe'kraHrcKara aeiiNocr. fl pe3 1981

1985 .. e Beo6xoar4Mo rFxHoB nnaHa 3a cbrpya_ craHAaprr3aq4a, Mexay

crpaHrre-qneHKx Ha c14B, KaKro h cEAaBaHero Ha pa6orsa .pyf,a no ep-

roHoMrrF

aapru3aqrF Ha cl,4B. Ha3pF Blnpo 3a

op.aHr3hpaHero Ha eproHoMx11 ax3a'iHepcKo ocrrypfl saHe

eecKoro Ha

MauuHocrpoeHero, npo43BoacrBo_ 3a ulpoKo norpe6ne, Hre. Or .onFMo 3HaqeHue 6, 6qro no urpoKoro

Ha nocTxxeH,FTa !a

npoMruneHara Ha Cl,.lB. Oco6eHo

cruecraeH e npo6n€Mar 3a onpeaenFHe Ha npoh3soacrseHur€ o6eKr, Ha crpaHqre qneHk, Ha cl4B 3a KoM,

nneKcNo BHeapABaHe Ha eproHoMhee. , ar3a'iHepck!1 pa3pa6orKu. Te3e npeanphFrrs rpB6aa aa craHar HaYqf o'npai{rxcecka 6a3a 3a npoBex.aaHe Ha eKcneprMeHri B obnacrra Ha ep cK14

npoMruneHara ecreru.

ka,3a pa3uxpFBaHe u pa3npocrpaHFBaHe Ha AocerauHuF onrr s apyfu^ re npeAnprFruF. BseapFsaHero Ha nonYeeHrre pe3ynra or HaycHo rexHrcecKoro crpyaHxcecrso , no Ha oAa 1981

pa33rrle npe3 nephr. qe noanoMara

1985

Ha ponFra Ha eproHo_ ecrerrJKa 3a

x npoMiuneHara

MrFra

peuaBaHe Ha HEi-BaxHxre HapoaHo, cronaHcK4 3aaacr, nocraBeHr or aBa

aecer

urecrrF koHrpec Ha Kncc

or koHrpecrre

koMyH

Pa6orHrJceckrre naprxu trpeA HaHa coqranBcrrqecKxre crpa.

poarre

npoM'lujneHa ecrerr,Ka

KAM NOCTo8HHATA

clr

Ka c aurocpocHxre qen$k nporpa. Mri 3a crrpyaHqeecrBo 3 o6nacna

pa6orrre, ts3Blp0BaH, Bls sp!3

(r)

EPEXHEB,i

rnCC npea XxV

I Oreer Ha LlK ha koHrpec Ha tnCC,

ka.. "Marep,any na xxvt rnCC. nonhr"3nar I cn1.

xoHrDec

EcrerhKara

EII'KATA HA ECTET'IKATA

HayKa tsa

AFr or pa3rnexAa ncu

Kpacorara, TF BKnrccaa

dxnocodllf,ra, Kotio

ceo6eKr e

oH3l1

Bar nporl3Boahrenh Ha ,3aenuF t npeaMerrl 3a norpe6neske, ehuro cronHocr ce onpeaerF or rflxHala

npea!

xonorrrFra, cor.l14ororhAra, erHono MFTA

AOTONKOBA, AO

"CTOP'FTA KlM Kpacorara. ErxKara e iptH_ |lqnrr Ha noBeaeH e, prKoBoaeu.l Hhe

npeead ot cnucaBue

aaaeH hHAxBra unq npooecuF.

C prcK Aa onpocrA MHoro Heuara, ute pa3rpaHrra Tp, Braa ecrer,1ka Ha ax3aiHepure: n{cHa ecre ecrersKa r o6ureTe Morar aa ce pa3.nexaar nooraenHoi Ho Ne cb urecrByBar r3onhpaNo eatsa

or apy

llreHara €creruKa ce orHac8 Hai'Beee ao xyaoxBrurre. T3 e erorcrrqHa h ce6uqHa. B HaUlhF ceFr ce 4eHM BxcoKo cBo6oaara Ha xyaoxHhuure. Hre ce onqrBaMe aa rh pa3. 6epeM u aa npreMeM Henocro8FcrBo-

,M U33BA B €AHO BPC MOAB'TE TEHAEHqU' HA

AK 62:7.Os

npoMeHFr c BceKrl ce 3oH. or eauH c!speMeHeN xyaoxHrlK ce ocakBa aa 4Ma xapaKrepef co6 crBeH crhn 4HhaxBuayansocl, koF rD aa He Moxe aa 6!ae Kon/paHa. TaKa, caMo eA|N coBeK e c!3aarenFr Ha onpeaeleHr 60pMh, h3aenrF. 3a no npaBrrHo pa6orara Ha eaxH xy,AoxtsuK a: ce npeLreHeiiHara yHrKanHocr, raKa h 3a ecrerrceckrre n Kaqecrsa. XyaoxNuqrre ce clcre3aBar B 6op 6ara 3, u3non3BaHe Na HoB, u3pa3 Fl,1 cpeacrBa. B ro3tr npoLrec no ckna ra sa HFKak!B crpaHeH o6par, re cra-

no-ManKo

BeK, xy.

aoxHfuure cepnexa cBoero aa!xHoBeNre HanpaBo or nptrpoaara Te r!pcexa aa orKptrrr h o6x3€H6r HenHara ranNcrBeHocr h 8en",he. aoKaro aaec, c {€HuF, XVAO,(HhUTTe

3aBnaAFBr

no-ckopo oi koro or ecrecrBeHhs caFr. Te pear!. par eaHaKBo KaKro Na nprn{84 Ha 6nara

rexNucecKrF nporpeci ra.

ornr3. Te rcru or eneKrpoHHfF

ca npoHqK-

xreor

,1 nopa3eHtr or tsaurar, 6e3 cbpae{Ha KoHcyMaquF H2 nprpoa Hu 6nara.

onaroroBeFr np€a Kpe'

nocrure t1 aBoputrre Ha npoMrune

Hocrra h h3naaar B yxac or caKlna q 3qaapu1ra Ha Haurlre rera. Te rneaar !a Hac - ak3aiHeprre Ka ro Na Bnaaerenh , xeprB, Ha He

yalpxrMara rexNrKa. XyaoxHruhre h3aurar

Heoay

ueBeHr naMerHruh sMecro aa ,3pa6orBar craryh Na co. qkanHr, nonrrrqecKu trn, KynrypHu nhLrHocru 4 ca6urufl. Te oraaBar no qur Ha KV6oBere or Beplxaa€Ma cro MaNa, Ha HaqyneH"re cdepx q Ha orrHarure rp!6!, qecro nrfu B noapaxa peanu3rpaH, av3ai NEP'Ktr TSOP6'. HBKO' XYAOXNUq' ca npxBneqe|M or roneMhre Br3Mox Hocru Ha npoMhun€Hure Marepranr, Apyrr He xenaFr Aa rk B!3np'leMar B!o6ure, Hai Be{€ noPaA, HerPai. Hocrra hM. Tperr eepnFr BAtxHoBe

ixe or ape3raB!A uyM i or cryaeHhF

6nFc!K Ha tseoHa B c!3aaaeHuF or qo BeKa cBFr. Arpodhrra Ha H3ko, xy-

aoxHuqf

Hanoao6aaa

cyMrpaNa norpe6urencka cronHocr. ,4Ma I raKuBa, Kolro rneaar Ha xo para Karo Ba o6e3nrcetsf, MexaHr3r. paHri fn, caplxecrecra€Hh crLle.

Hxe. A HrKox aoph ftpcFr HaquH, aa crxpaHar Ktrqa 3 okonHare cpeAa u cekcyanHvr. npeah roakH, oY Ar3aiHepa ce tr3non3aa rpaah!luoB-

rure Marepranh u uHcrpYMeHrh Ha xyAoxtsrKa MacneH, 60r, aKBaperyuoBe, aa Moaenr-

pa cBorre reop6, or tru9a 4nv aa fu h3,4!n6aBa B rxnc. AfeurH"Fr af3aiH€p pFAKo npaBr roBa. A 3a k3KycrBo aa He .oBopxM- Herosara pa6ora e eatr8 ecrecrBeH npoqec Ha dyBKLruoHanHo yc!BrpuetscrBaHe.

.4r3anHep"re aHec cb3AaBar HoBu eNuxKnonearu Ba oopMne, c Ko€ To Hrkora ao

xyaoxHhqkre, CrurHaxMe Ao Broporo HuBo

3aeManu

B3arMoaeicrBrero u BnrF Hf€ro MexaY caM4re ar3anHepr, a, 3anHephre

ca B HenpeKlcHara ecre' B nocroFHHo cipeB' KaKro npor3soahre'

TUqecKa 6op6a,

nure soaF

KoHoMrqecKa 6op6a

CrurecrByBar AEa nporuBono

roxHu narepu affiaigeph.

EabHAal

e ro3u Na dyBKquosanucrhre, re3k,

qec fa drnrpupaHe. EaxH ao6!p

Korro orxBlpnFr npaaFr, qe orxBtpnFr

nprMep npeacraBnFsa npeBpruraHe

pa3 u BnpBar, KaKro ounocodlr or 19r,1 BeK, ce ' Kpacorara e o6eura'

H ero Na dyHKquAra". Apyrxur na'

rep e ro3u Ha oopManucrrre, r€3, KOXTO BFPBAT,

dopMara

h aerainlr

caMu c13[a

Bar Kpac4Bu h3aen,rF. Te ca y6ere

Ha Kpecnoro Ha Eponep 3 xpoMhpaH KyxHeHcKu KoMnneKr. 1,.1 Kpaiho nE6on"rHo e, 're nhNxFra Ha OhpMara

"6payH", B}3npreMaHa n!pBoHaqarHo Karo dopManhcr,eHa

ro3r 3arsopeH Kplr Ar3arHep,

Hrl, qe npeaMerar Ha ax3a;Na e oop

B!3npxeMa nrpEo OopMara u cnea aereero B HeF, KaKaaro , aa e Hero. Bara dyHKqrF. QyHKuaoHanhcrrre

ca roroBrl aa Ba3np,eMar 3a dopMa, crhra

scFKaKAa orroBapn Ba

40xaro oopManhc

fure He ftpnFr HqKaKBa 6yHKqx3i aKo rr e rpo3Ha Apyr BaxeH xapaKrepeH 6ener crurecrByBa noa eaao cl3Be3a4e or Te3, nheHocv npoh3xoxaar or onpeaeneHu rpyn!1 poBKr, a He or o6qara Mca- 3a aa crurHar ao roez Hr8o, re rpF6sa aa

aoKaxar, ce

ca ,3arpuxru

Heqo

3aroBa He e Heo6u{atHo, q€ rsopeecraoro Ha '3ae3ahre" HaMr. pa npxeM rnaBHo cpea xopa clc cxoaHo co(ranHo nonoxeH"e. Tosa

l,lMeHNo

ar3ai|epr, Koxro

crpeMFr KIM onxMn B cBoero non-

Opeonlr

Ha 3Be3ArT e

ceerq no

cna6o NaA urpoKara nv6nrxa. Ho ace naK aocrhfa ao o6rkHoseHire xopa KaIo cny'raiHa ,aes, d|nrprpa-

or .pynara ak3anHepx, npu Koero o6hKHoBeHo 3arpy6Fsa B ro3u npoHa

Karo

Ha dyFrKquoHanuc

I\4oxe Aa ce roBopu MHoro

Ho NeKa 3aBrpula c

KoHcratauraTa, qe dopMara, nDeacraBnFBaLra KBaapar, Kprr u rprtrlnHrK,

rpxnorhFra

or fponryc "ronnMo npo ayxa,, u Br3xBanFBaHa or SpencK{re aeKoparop, or 20-re HapeqeHa

BrcuruFr ax3aiH e xecroK;. crpaHa Ha o6qecrBeNara ecre-

rrKa. Ton h3nor3Ba

nceBAoNayKarn

3a cBos o6ocHoBKa - 3a olKprsaHe Ha cna6ocrrre Ha o6qecrBoro, Kouro aa cnyxar repecrl, npoayKrar Ha rc! ax3arH e caMo cpeacrBo 3a

kaKaa apyra

qen

6ano ro nonx-

Ho aoMxHrpaHe. ToBa e eara nory Ha orKprra BoiHa c o6urecrso Ha aoseptrero c neKo Bepre. HeroBoro Bepyio e , qe scrLr ao6po 3a npoMuoneHo.rra e ao6po r 3a xopara_ 3a

rrka

excuhF Ar'3anH drHaHcoBara neean6a

koHrpor ca

pasHo

ro!!1Hh e orHoBo B!3a(rHara B MoIa,

cronHu Ha narphorr3Ma_ OanuruBoro

3a clxaneHre HFKoq 3Be3Ax ca cne3 paBHrurero Ha o6rK-

chsBre Na rlp.oBerla fa o6u.recrseHa ecreruKa e +oKycrpaHo r3uF,lo B!p. xy KoHcyMaropa. or eaHa crpaHa, ron

npeBplurar B 06rKHoseHh npono, B ronFMara cla qacr o6urecrBe e cBlp3aHa c Br3reicrBqero Ha h3aenrFra Brpxy xopai Kouro ran-Bepour|o qe ocraHar 3a.

3aaoaonsBa rcKaHtrFra Ha o6urecrEo-

ro, a or apyra - aKrfsHo sKycosere

ooopMF

xenaHusra My. ToBa, Koero MY nuncBa e GBecrra. npeax HFkorKo roarHr,l K. TprnH6epr oxa_ paKrepq3rpa Ktrca Karo 6e3clpaecHo

BhHarh Heno3Nar|4 3a ar3aiHepa, AKo ar3airNepar e xyMaHucr, ron r4e no-

r3aenqe, "npox3BeaeHo or rexNrur.l 6u3HecMeHr,,. Khcrr

cpeaa h npelMerrre !1 ure Hacoq4 oa6orara cl. eaHe Ha craHAapra Ha xhsora, 43 HaprqaM ra3h crpaHa Ha o6qecrBe, coqxaneH atr3aiH, s

KynFr. HaKparKo. rocnoaapure Ha KyrrypHrre Hy)<,q, aa x3snekar neqan6a

qyBcrBa KaK o6urecrsoro B}3flphe

nporrsoBec Ha HeiHrA aHrrnoa _ Bucr!x3 ar43aiH. ToBa He ca nonriu'recKh repMrHr. coq4arHrFr af 3aiHep no€BeuraBa csoero rBopqe.

HaMxpa npxeM y nacrBHrre KoHcYMaropr. TFxHoro y'racrh€ ce orpaBu qaBa 3 u36opa: aa (ynFr xrq aa Ne

, aa

noaaapxar

cuMocrh. Ta3q KoHuenu4 At3ariH e xecroKa h 6e3clpaecHa no

cBori HaqrH. 43 BFpBaM o6aee, qe 06

!lecrBeHara €creruKa

npu Koiiro HqKou ure 3afoqHar aa ce ocr3HaBar ,1 aa ce onpcBar or anarrFra cr. coquanHrFr atr.

xopa, Koqro B!3Kpecrlxa MuHanoro. Te o6rFKoxa nynoBepq h pr13r4 or eBluHq, Kap,paHh, naMyetsu nnaroBe !1

3aiF, Hai.Bepo8rHo, Lre 6r!e raparr Ha ra3, npoMsHa.

nycHaxa

HoB eran,

aBaH.

Khraiqhre rMar eAqN ApeBeN u3pa3i "aaHo aa xxs€eu B 4HrepecHa enoxal", Konro ce ,3nor3sa Karo npoKnFrre.3a "aaHo aa

ro e

xrBeeu BrB

BpeMe, k)e.

HecrrypNo, HecnoKonHo,6e3 3a nporNo3rpaHe, rpe

soxHo

Hecra6rrHor'. cnopea mx

roBa e Hai nouara cra6a, KoFro Mo xe aa cnoner, !FKoro. Hre cruro xhBeeM B 4NrepecNa enoxa. Tn e. MeKo ka3aHo, 6e3pa36opHa couuanHo

alnrx

eyBcrBaxa crrypNu.

qeckrl 14 coqxanHq ce crpeMx aa nornexaa Ha3aa 3a yc noKoeHxe.3auroro aa vM're Beepa. l4rranoro e 6e3 BpeaHo, eaNa aonrHa Ha cnoKon crsre ,l nlpBo6urHa cuna. BrB Bpe crpec o6aqe, reHAeHqhFra e aa ce rneaa KaM 6t aeqero, c ynosaHre. qoBeK He Moxe aa na€ sqepaueH xnF6 rnh aa ce ron,

o.!H. no BpeMe Ha mnsMara Kpr3a npe3 30.re roa4rh, xopara rneaaxa Hanpea aerlpnenoBo, c Ha4exaara, ee yrpeuHxsr aeH !.{e ru cn.cr. EnaroaeHcrsre,rl4 Ha BcepaueH

- BspBaxa re qaKa 3aa rrana. I nonhrucecKrre, coqranHu Bln ro

aecet{rerre B cB1p3aH43

c rFx crpec, Hxe BuaFx

Me qFna eaHa reHepaur.tF

or Mran,

A 6e

ar3aiHep.

araKyBaHo MHoro rexKo nopaa, nprHqrnrrF d4 nr6epanh3tM u HaerHa, no Konro ce 6e h3M!KHano HanpeA-

l.4HrepecHor. aHec e. qe Hhe BeeM eaHoBpeMeHHo B

Kr.

tuAeurero. Hauara

KoHOnfKr c NauhF gyrypM3!M. Hre oqaKsaMe sceK, MoMeHr Aa ce npq3eMrM Fa

ra 4 HenpeKrcHaro npxe

trKoHoMuqeckh h

drnocoocK,. ,A3 xM.M eAHa reoplF, cnopea KoFro BlB BpeMeFta Ha nonrrlt,

Kocu. Te r136paxa aa

CrureBpeMeHHo cMe

pa3Konarx

x BBcraHoB,lnh 3a6pa. BeHx rpaaoBe, pecraBpfpanx cMe cra

p, aBopq!- Pa6oruM OpeHerueHo u B aBere Hacokrl. 14yHaccenopax.

aa clMHesuero, {e.exHueecKuFr npo-

rpec Moxe aa ce oKaxe eAHo HeyarpxxMo, crpeMrrenHo BrypBaHe rq6en. Hhe ce crpaxy. HoBo,3auloro He 3faeM aoKrae qe Hs aoBeae x aanu HFMa aa ce o6lpNe cpeury Hac. KoHcrpacrure ca NaBcFKlAe oKono Hac. KynyBaMe ynrpaMoaepHu

Kaurr h perponecKu 3a clBpeMe3. Hxre cq .paacK, Kru1q. ceaxM Ha paeNo ,3pa6oreHu KoxeH14 ceaan-

Kfi s

peaKrrBHrre

FAocBaMe Ha BFrrpa B nonfecrepHhre cx nnarHoxoaKh. B eaHa npuMr

rrBHa crpaaa Hacpea KocMononrrH,F Ho fopK ce noMeuraBa "Aarcka

rocrhnHxLra'r- A eaHo c€no B crMn

kpanxLra Enrcaserz oMeKorFBa r3rreAa Ha rpy6ara crpa Aa Ha dxpMara "KcepoKc" B Poqec

x,BeeM Bls BeK M

6aHra-

3uF. Hauero rrryK'r e BxHaru HFXl. ae apyraae, Kraero xenaeM aa 6l AeM. T!pc'1M nocroFHHo y6€xrure B npeBlnnareNu +aHracrhqH, Kpe. nocrr. KonrpaMe nprcraHxLra Ll cena or 19-ro cronerre. 14 ako rosa He Hl4 e aocranqHo, cr3aaBaMe ,3Ky. Karo ro3x Na yonr A'lcHf. Pa36hBaxMe Karo nyAu a!pBeHrre aBapuiHr,l

nofo,3a aa

nonaaHeM B kpr4cranHara qepynKa Ba clBpeMeHHara aen.

TonkoBa nh e eyaHo,

're av3aiHephre Ba rHrepecH'4 BpeMeHal

l4Ma u Apyrr npvMepq 3a Autte Mara Ha GBpeMeHHhF Au3a6A. EA4H

or mx e HenpeKnoHHuFr HarrcK Blpxy Hac aa npoeKrrpaMe r3ae-

npou3BoacrBo, Kou. xnk HlikaKBa aei. crBhrenHa cro;Hocr. or ar3anHep, re HenpeKlcHaro ce oqaKsa aa x3ne,ran6a

AeHo r3aenre,

aeH nnaa HeroBrre oyHkqur. ToBa e B nporr4sopeche c lcropreecKara KoHqenqrB, rneaaua Ha x3aenuFra Karo Ha qeHHocrx, Korro rpa6Ba aa ce GxpaHsr 3aBrHarx. HFKora ce re rpF6Ba aa 6laar h3pa6oreHy oi eK3oryqHu, aopu or

cKano!e3H4 Marepranh. Kanurano

Aa 6ra€

coBe0rKu

rpya nnroc yMeHre, q. rFxH:ra cronNocr

3e aa cc

riirirocraair apy.rre np./3 : focKopc aa ce iohB

npea Kpacotara nF€a penqihFra B pe3ynrar Ha saye

eaFo NeorryL!e6eHo drpMeHo ca!.iecreyBaHre aa 1f,, x\, MaHr3rpa B clsHaHrero Na o6ilec

H'F paqhoNanh3lM. Pflia e y6.a.n,

aa pacle c reqeHhe tsa speMero B Ha.

!4 AH' i6a r,., fpoMruneNhre a 3ai. Hepr .a 3aarnxetsr aa f3qeAar aca (a (anLrtsll! Marep/an!a croilHocr or

,ltraerfe Te rpF6tsa aa _ 3a nr3sysar 13Ka, ce ro aa 6!ae Na. nPae€!o or B.n npocr"re i Heka

aar,reH.r

ce.r!ech Marephan , NaL; NlanKo Konhqecrs0 eoseuK" lFyr u np, tsai-ts4cK pa3xoar. Y)qachcro hM

re .pF58a aa clorHocr ra eaHo r3Aenhe, a c!!le speMeHHo ro rpF6Ba aa cratse eaHo

HhKrae HacronLrhFr crireMex KlM npxMrpe4ue He e nooe.Bhaets, orKonkoro np/ a 3aiiHz Ha .)naKo8 npor3Bor.rBelqre f po.paMu ce orKa3ax,r

xecrBeHara r3op6a,

Pocr, rponopLrros6tHa tsa pa6orara, KoFro io o5euraBa aa cBlpu, h Na

ct3aaleP ra IOHECKO, X!p61pr P/t,a nrcar "tsat roneMrsr epa. Ha tr3KycrBoro e ko

KIM

HaBaMe

o6uqaMe,

ce npesprua B

NFKaKB! cnapraH

cko cvnep.h3KycrBo. B cBos nocneaeH rpya "t13Ky

floH€xe crot r.3Kycr8oro.a aprcroKpa. rueHr". Tori e v6eAets, ce lauara qu. Nocrrre

Na no

rp, nprefHh: nrpBara e vMo np, Koero qoBeuK/

cautecraa

BopHocrra 3a cBohre aeicrsuF; 3ro para e aiposhFra Ha qyscrR,renHo

eaHo

crTa, B pe3vnrar Na KoFro cc Forv

cepBunNo noBeaefre. HanprMep, Een Tene4oH npoKnaMrpa ny6

Aa 6aAar 3aAeicrBnH, caMo 0oKo

tsara

npeHacrpoiika

nhqHo: "Hhe

3, cnyuaMe"; TeKca

ko pa6oru, "3a aa 3ana3h aoaepxe. Kynyaacr; aopu P. lvlaKAoHana clo6lraBa "Hre npa BhM BcxqKo 3a Bac". 26

roBa ce qer'1

.aaratgqfe , hKouc. MhqecK peanEo.rr

43 Moxe 6r

reNreH aa cnopF c ra(!8 yMeH eo BeK karo Xrp6lpr Phna, o6are sFd BaM, ee aeiicrsrrenHo

xopara aa cr3aaaar .aHa aeMokpa r4,H' sopMa Ha ,3pa3FBatse, KcF ro "!a 6rqKa cnoHratsso or couuan. Ha

Bo, qp€3 yeenx'retso Hacunie (aocra. rlqHo e aa cu npeacraBrM eoaeK noa

Kpeuauure 38Vqr4 Ha 0ok MV3tKara, 3a aa 4o6reM npeacraBa 3a KaKBo Moxe aa Mucnf ron) ; u rperara npr.

xrBor".

14cr!HcKo

orpax€tsre Ha tsauara enoxa Llre ce ipo3B, fan seee 3 oe[ecrBeHara npo/3ae4eNure or rac q3aenhF karo kYnrypeH ocrarlk or Hauara qhaunh3arlrF, cnea Karo

e Rece u3koHcyMf

noMpaceNhero,

r€

eaHa aeMoKpaqhF e hecnocoi /3pa3F3afe, r!n Karo 'Nuklae 6 .Bera aHec HFMa xy AoxccrBeH crrr, Koirc aa ljnxK.

bnac

Ka3're doloc'1, n/LrrF"re pasuKq , peKnaMu I ipeMhHaxa <5Ll pocrr 6paLLjHo. cyna, n! Pasr, aAeana h nP. ToBa rle -a lVAo

HeBepoFl,o cnoxtso eneKrpoNHo qyao. 14 Karo Bplx Ha Bc4eko, au3aiseprre rpA63a aa no Mi-Har clu1oro u3a€n/e aa nonyeu ooeona sa eaHa npfHaaeNa croil

Heu]o noB€qe, tsacronLlara reH AeHUTF B Ar3airHa e aa aeMoHcrp/pa eaHo h3o6perarenNo noBeaeBqe. T. ce ,3pa3FBa npearMHo e no3arz, kon ro M|oro clBpeMeHHrl 6hpMu 3ae Mar npea o6LrecrseNocrra. TpF63a caMo aa ce [hrrpar Fkre no3YH.r,3a aa ce pa3kpre FB-

3a.y6a Ha npe(noNeN/ero

Boarrexq,

paHa, a Bac Beqe

N3Ma.

nocnEAoBATE,lt4 HA l4AEl4TE HA SAYXAY3

apx.

flbaMri ArMrrpoB

XaHec l\,4arep. Han'nonur,ieHa-

ra x nocneAoBaretHa nh'rHocr B Eay. xay3, fioeMa plKoBoacrsoro Ha l4Hc rrryra or t anpun 1928.. He.oBara npo.paMa e rarpae pa3nrcHa no xapar.(ep or aororaBa npoB€xaaHara rrHuF: noaeepraBaHe Ha coqranHara MrcrF Ha Sayxay3j YsenrcasaHe o6eMa Ha roqHrre HayKh B yee6H

nnaHr AeMoKparr3hpaHe Na o6yLreHre-

XAHEC A4AI}EP N PASATATA HA HETOEATA TPYflA 8 CCCP

pa6ora c pa6orHuqecKoro asuxeHhe , npodcllo3ure. XaHec l\4aiep He caMo BFpBa B chN'H'F,HOUBHENHATA ycroiLr'4Bocr cpeury onacHocrrre, Ha

5ayxay3. np, Hero

crpykrypara

YAK 62.001.2:7.05 {430.2) (09}

yqrnrulero nocru

npoMeHF,

Hrsra B yce6Hra nnaH r Meroarre Ha pa6ora, O6yqeHxero ce onpeAerfl or npaKB,recxrlre u3hcKBaHrF. B pa6oTunHxqara 6uKtuB!ure npoeKrrl ce 3aMeHsr

ryre

peanHh nopl'rKx.

crvaef-

He peuasar se're fHAxBuayanH,

3aaaer, a yqacrsar B aeidsurenHrF pa6oreH npoqec. 3a l\,'laieo 3ala'rara Ha ax3aiHa e qpe3 oopMara Ha o6eK-

Ta aa ce orroBop,

r {eckrre

AoBon, HY;<4r,1,

h3rcKBaHrfl,

a aa ce 3a

aHcaM6rn or coq anH Korro ce cs!p3aH, c o6urara ea,4H

cla6ara

Ha xHcrr,rryra. HoAaxe Fponryc, BBrMareneH |4 nqBrK, He e Mo run aa cnac, or pa3fpoM Eayxay3

XaHec [4anep e 6un y6eAeH, qe

sepHfar nlr aa ce 3aq,.rq 6ayxay3 He e B rlpc€He Ha NeHaaexaHr,l KoM. npoMrlcr, a B conraapHocr cM fln,1

re, Kor4ro peanHo noaKpenFruHcl4ryra - a rosa ca neBure crnr B fep. MasrF

l,1

nlpao Mscro koMyHrcrx-

re. Koraro ce rnacyBa

3aKprBaHero Ha 6ayxay3 Ha 22 aBtycr 1932 t., B

3aulrra

3a rHcruryra ca KoMyHucrrre tr KMera Ha aecay, coLlx;naeMoKparrre ce Br3Alpxar, a nporuB ca 6aui,1c, thre. Ho oqe npea, roB€ npe3 lonrl 1930 r. XaHec A,'laiep e yBonHeH or

nocra Arper<rop Ha EayxaFnpe3 eceHra Ha 1930 r. XaHec Maiep e noKaHer Ha pa6ora B CCCP 3a peuaBaHe Ha apxrrekrypfo.xyao. xecrBeH, 3aaaLtli. Ton npeanara aa pa6oru clsMecrHo clc ceaeM Mnaax a6corBeHru or 5ayxay3, HeroBh B!3-

nrraHrqf or aecay: Pefe

[4eHU,

Krayc HonMaH, KoHpaA nbuen, 5e-

na Ule6rep, Ornrn TonHrqep, AHroH Yp6aH u Tr6op BatHep. Ta3, rpyna e ,3BecrHa Karo "'lepBeHara 6purarqa

Sayxay3"

rnr

"EprlraAa

YepBeH

koN4enqhF 3a npoayKra_ Vtctopuaft Ha Sayxav3,aoKa3 qecrByBaHe-

B llocKBa re3q xopa nonaaar B Heo6rKNoBef , qHrepeeH 3a rsx

AeicrBrren8ocr 6e3 Aor(ocsaHe ao

arHaM4LreH

c33r,

nonl,rrlKara. Tponryc

o6surFBa

lrariep, {e e o6eqasan Aa Alpxh EayxaF H3srH cneacrsue ctc csoure aeicrBrA pa3 6rn raesra Ha EayxaF a npeApeusn

csoeo6pa3Ho nprBneKareneH, x nrneH c KoHrp.cT,,, Te rpF6Ba 4a BHuKHar s 3aKoNoMepHoc rrre Ba cTpoxrercrBoTo Ha eaHo HoBo , pa3nreHo or apyrrre o6qecrBo, aa

Haroaar KrM p,lrlMa Ha xhsora. fpynara or Sayxay3 3anocsa pa6ora 27

Yruua ar zeHepanHuF npae<r Ha pa6orHara ,pyna

Ha XaHc

CCCP np$ 1931 r.,3aBapBa Kpafl Ha napsHF nerroa,,uef nnaH (1929.

1932

r.),

oqeBuaeq e

ro Ha BTopr4s nerroa4uieH nnaH (1933 1937 r.) , Bhxaa Ha{aroro Ha rperhF nerroA,.ueH nnaH. ToBa e

ne-

p'loa Ha !e64san noaeM Ha xHAycrorafu3aurdla, Ha c!3jlaBaHero Ha rrraHrcKu npoMuuneH14 KoMnreKcx 11 pekoHcrpyKqru Ha clurecrByBanlpBoH.canHo, nopaAr ronF' MaTa HV><44 OT

V{ynrura,.ovnara

XaHec lvlaiep pa6ofu B hHcrxryra 3a

npoeKrrpaBe Ha r€xHuqecKu Yce6H{ 3aBeaeHrq "fxnpoBry3 npehMeHy,

Ha "By3crponnpoeKr"

(6lopo 3a npoeKrrpaHe Ha Bfcuru npoMuurneHf y're6H|4 3aseaeHhF) . CneA xpariK nepqor Ha cpaBHrrer2A

Hae xunuqeH KoMntekc,3 npoekraHru: T. AanBep, O. TotquHep u K.

AMUd, 1934 zot).

Ho 3arsopeHa

naaar aa

caMocrosrenHa pa6o

apxrreKrx caM4 noxe6raar BKnbeeHh B crBercKh

KoreKrxBy. Tosa aaBa seaHara nonoxrrenrh pe3ynrarr, 3at4oro ce c!3 aaBar ao6p, npooec,.oBanHu, rrLrHrl

cBeTcK,Te Koneru; cr3aasar ce BBMoxHocrh no-ao6pe

nlaue,

xrreKrxte cto, 3aaaqaTa aa cr3aaaar crpaa, c ao6pe nponopqhoHxpaiu 4 6anaHc'1paH, o6eMh

niitlu. Xajec lvlaiep

, onpocreHu Ae e ao6pe noaror-

BeH cneqqanrcr s ra3f o6nacr, Konro oure B 6ayxav3 - Aecav nneahpa 3€ cr3aaBaHe Ha ypaBHoBe_ceH apxrreKrypHo'xYAoxecrBeH r3pa3, 3a roBa

aa ce ono3HaFr 3aKoHoMepHocrrTe Na cor.l,lanxcruqecKoro crporrenclBo,

y6eA,rrenNo .oBopFr HeroBure pea-

Herosoro orpaxeHhe Blpxy exeaHeBrelo- B Txnposry3, By3crpoinpo, eKr c€ npoeKrrpar u{Auaqayantsl,l I -r,'noBu yel It u.\tit crpaar, a ocseN roBa ce pexoHcrpyqpar toa{l 3a u3non3BaH€ crulecrByBauq yqlr'nuutlr nocrponKr. Pa6o ce 3a qFrara orpoMHa reprfoprln Ha cccP, Karo ce orqrrar oco6eHocrire ycnoBrF 3a crporrencrBo, npea ap-

'to yqynxure B SepHay u Kaulllre s noKpxrhre ane, Ha aecay. Tbopr€H. Ec recraeHo, Bl3nuraHrqure Ha 6ayx3y3 HocFr clc ce6e cl4 B l\4ocKBa MHoro

n^3hPaNq

o6e<ru

npooec'loHanHo-

epecHh xaeA,

roxro ,3nor3sar 3a peu Bxre 3aaa'r,1, Te c!3[aBar caMocroF o6eKrh: vq!r4lra, aercKrl rpaarHr'r, uHrepHarx u apy

qehrpose 3a sa3nxraHue

o6y'reHre,

pa3nplcfafu no BchcKrl Kpa4qa rpaMa4Hara crpaHa, B !acanoro Ha 1933 H'13rpa

opranpoeKraNrcKoro Hanpaane!re ce

KIM HapoaH,l3 KoMrcaprar no rexKa nPoM'1une!ocr B CCCP. Bc{cKa nprHa4nexaulh KIM Hero ManKh fipoeK. raHrcku 6rcpa ca 3€Kp,r u BKn6!e,

H 3 npoekraHrcKxF rlHcrurvr 3a rp cr{o crporrencrBo "TopcrponnpoeKrir. croBa ce npoMeHF q xapak reprr 3a no EararlurHara aeiiHocr Ha rpynaTa or Eayxay3. caM,lFr xaHec [44;ep, no BpeMe Ha pa6orara cx E

ThnpoBry3, r3nrnHFBa anlxHocrra apxrreKr. ocBeH roBa e npenoaaBaren Bla BA3ll (Bxc0re yern qe 3a apxrreKrypa u crpohrercrBo B MocKBa) . Ion ce oraenF or rpynan cu u pa6aru Karo prKosolrrer B rnaBeH

fpaAoycrporicrBeHur€ Ypan

c!!o

npo€Kr,

l43roqeH Ch6xp. yqacrByBa

B ron€Mxre KofKypch 3a pe. (oHcrpyKl.lrF Ha MocKsa. PeaoBeH np€3 1934 ..

apxureKrypHa aKaaeMrn. AHroH yp, 6aN, Konro ornreHo BnaAee pycK,

*uK,

HanycKa rpynara x ce nocseu.ra

3a Ha

cBorre 3aaanxeHhs BlB BA3lt cLr 3 apxrreKrypHa-

aNraxL,lMef lre

aKa4eM

6ena Ulednep, crulo

Ao6Pe BnaAeeul pycKh €3!rK, flonyqa 3a noplqKa 3a pa6ora u3BrN lvlocKBa.

Knayc HoiMaH e npeMecreN B .paa, cKoro npoeKr'4paHe B llarHyro.opcK. PeHe

or rpynara 3a cpoKa ra n!p3h3

[4eHU ce oraenn

cnea L4314qaHe aoroBop r,1 ce 3aBprqa B LllBerLraprF c Mnaaara c, xeHa pycKr4HF. Or nlpBoNaqanHara rpyna Ha

XdHec l4anep ocraBar 3aeAHo caMo

Ko'rpa! nlolrlen, durrn Torqreep

T'a6op BanHep. Te npeMhHaBay KlM Topcrpo;npoeKr, Kuero ce cpeurar c ocrirlKa or rpynara Ha EpHcr lrlari: XaHc lUMxr, EpHcr qeMaH, fpere

,r npoeKrrpa:

peAr'ra o6eKrx. Ha;-

ronFMara nM 3aAaqa e npoekrrpaHero u nocrp@aaHero Ha rp. opcK. xonro aHec e eariH or Hai-BaxHqre npoMuuneHu qeHrpoBe Ha loxeH ypan, c MHo, HaceneHre

flpeaBa-

UJore-IrxorcKu, BepHep

phterHo npeABxAeHoro. CneA

npoeKraHrcK'l rpacroBe npoMcrpcinpoeKr {3a npoMrL!-

saHero Ha refiepanH4s nnaH Ha rpaaa h oAo6pFBafero My npe3 1934 ro!.. H€McKrre apxrreKru npexhBsBar

He6€6paHA u [4apr l4aM. KaKro e h3BecrHo, rone-

neHo

.rpo,rencrBo) q fopcrponnpo.

eKr (3a rpaacKo crpo,rencrso) cl3aareHr,

3a aa ce noao5p4 crpoh,

opraFr3aqrsra Ha npoMuuineHrlre o6eKrh 4 ceru4ara. T8x rplcroBe ca HoBocr nopaau cBohre 4enh ,J oco6eHa crpyKrypa. Te uMar qeHtpanHo prKoBoacrao, ynpasneHye aexoBe (arenuera) , non3uaqu ce clc cpaBHrrenHo rorFprKosoaeHo

BcFKo arerue,

rnaseH apxrreKr

rnaBeH rHXeHep, cdopMxpa raxa Ha-

pe{eHure 6prraAu. Te3y 6prfa,ax ce npeaBaprrenHo L4KoHoMhqe.Ko nnaHrpaHe, nnaHrpaHe Ha paioHtr, pa3pa6orBaHe Ha rpaaoBe xrn,4u.lH,',114 o6urecraeH4 crpaau, Ha cloplxeHuF Ha uHOpacrpyKrypara. l4MeHHo ryK B neproaa or 1929 r. ao 1937 r. ca npoeKrhpaHu clslpueHo HoBMre rpa4oBe lvarHrroropc,<. Hxx|u Tarhn, OpcK, Ky3Heqk, N4aKeeB(a, Sanxau, KaparaHAa. AHen, pocrpori; ryK ce paxaar nnaHos€re

3a pa3!r'1pf,Bare

npeycrpoicrBo

lVocKBa, KxeB, CBepAroscK

apy-

TprMara ocraHanr or rpynara

Ha SaYXay3 ce nDxcleadHnsar KlM ar€nhero, paKoBoaeHo or XaHc lllMra

cr3Aa-

renoBropnMrlre MrroBe Ha o.!!recr. BFBaHe Ha

npoeKra

saHero Ha nlpBhre xinr!qHh 6noKoBe, yqunrlqa, AercKA rpaAuHr, 6aHr, pecropaNrh, Mara3xHu, c!3aaBaHero Ha eahr rpaa B creflra, raM Klaero ao nocneaHrn MoMeHr ropsr orsboBeTe sa ka3axckhre oBqapk

Hacanoro Na 30.re roaxNu

clBercKara apxureKrypa ce opreHrr-

pa KrM KnaclqecK, I FaUroHanH, 6opMu ra aerainr. YcndxHera or Bs, KO' OrpruarenHu FereNun, alnxau, ce Na Kynra KrM nrcHocra, ra3x reN aeHqun nocraBfi cery03H, npo6neMi npea ecrcKi \yxaecrpaHs! apxxreK rLa, pa6oreuru B CCCp. B!3nurasuuh re Ha XaHec [,1anep, Kouro B Fayxay3 npoeKrxpar clEpeMeHHa, neKa, uene facoqeHa x fkohoMrqHa apxrreKry pa, cera ca nprHyaeHtr aa ce nprcnoco6sBar KIM apxfreKrypHrre crhno.

Te ce onrrsar, 40-

re rM Aa o6naropoAFBar rexKrre o6eMu Ha Kynrosara apxqreKrypa c rcBrceHr,re$yHKqroHan ynorpe6a Ha apxureKroNuqHu 13pa3H, cpeacrBa. pa36xpa

ce, ! re ca KprrrKyBaH,

snocneac-

)

Bre npf

aHanr3a Na

ro3, nephoa

eaBa irpe3 1954 1955 .oa.3anoqHa aa

ce oueuFBa no o6eKrrBHo aeiBocrra u cccP no roBa 8DeMe. KlM cpeaara !a 30-re .oahtsr, npea Bha h3ocrpeNara o6craHoBKa 3 caera, tsapacrBauara onacHocr or sonNa d H3xo,1 Blrp€ul

EUCAETO yqUnUAE qECTBA B YNM

anpqn 1933 r.6aYXaY3, nouBrn

TBOP

npoMetsh, rorsMa eacr or qvxaecrpaHHrre cnelluan/. rh, pa6oreu.r, B CCCP no ao.oBop, aanvcKar crpaNara h npe3 1936.1937.o4. aa ce 3aBprurar

YnM

or 40 .oatr' Bu oi BpeMero, Koraro.pvnara Mna' au apxhreKv or Eayxay3 3aMrFa 3a CCCP,3a aa 33eMe Yeacrte B.PaHAh 03Hara nroNepcka pa6ora 3a nocrpo' B napaara pa'

6orNurecKo.cencka a!PxaBa ToBa e rBopqecKo 3peMe, speMe 3a Koero He

Mgxe aa ce clxenFBa, 6oraro

rpyaHocrh, nprsr€ncrBo, ycrneHa pa 6ora uraclnrBo eyBcrBo 3a !3BrP Mf oro ronAMo aeno B BeeecrBoro. XaHec Nlanep ka3Bauel

''Hauara pa6ora ce aa cnyxrM fa Hapoaai"

e HerorFM rpaa B Hait_

npoBr4BLrrfl Na

B oure HeMourHMs ayHas. xopara Ha 13KynBoro 3Ha3r, {e rYK 3a x3Becr'

uaprF; KoHpaa UDUen HanvcKa Mo' cxsa npe3 Man 1937 .o4., a T/6op BairHep npe3 nFroro Ha 1937 roa

143MrHaxa noBeqe

Asaaecer roahNy no KrcHo

{.430 .2t

B0preH6epr

or/Ba srB oDaHufs. Y€rrpMa avu, ocrasat s CCCP Ktayc HonMaB, Ornrn TonqhNep, 6ena lXedrnep / AN'

.or37

roP,6aa€f c rnaB€H rPaA l{Yrrapr, roqHo raM, Klaero l,1n€p ce BnMBa oxHara

poA4tsara cq. Xa8ec Vlanep 3aM 3a Ba npe3 nFroro da 1936 .oa 3a lllB€i

62.001 .2:7

BpeMe BrB Beee cneasoeNHa Tep'

MaHuF e

clqecrsYBan fHcrhryr,

Kon_

npereHAupa aa € npFK Hacr€aHr'lK ,Aerre Ha 6aYxay3 l.43BecrHh ca

06croFrencrBara,

nP, Korro

eaHoBpeMeHHo c BaiMapcKara paFY6_ nlrKai e nptHyaeH aa cnoaenq h Hei_

nPe3

YrM e orKphro "XoxuYne dop Te' qanryNr, Bucue Y!rn4!.1€ 3a rBopqecrso, noFBlrno ce 6na.oaapeH!1e Ha ychnrFra Ha l,1Hre Aixep Lllet' cecrpara Ha eK3eKylrpaBrre or Baux clrre no speMe Ha clnporrBara xaHc u Cod" tlen. npeaB,raeHo e aeriHocr' ra Ha ycqnrqero aa ce o6e3ne'raBa or

opiaHr3aqxF, HapeqeHa "ooHA

Ha 6Para u cecrpara uien". ca_ Mo craryr, fapaHrrpaul He3aBrcq' Mocrra Ha yqhnuur€ro, 6h Mo.an aa

,Melo

My no3sorh cso6oaHo pa3Bhrue'1 eK.neprMeHraneH xapaKrep tlHre_ pecHv B$rneal,l ca 3anrcaHt a aoxv_ "KaKso uen, yqh.

nuurero $oHA Ulen?" HanP/NreP: "Ka'

HacneaHuK Ha c!flpo lsurenHoro ABr{eHr1e u nocneAosaren Ha XaHc, Cod, Ulen, yqxnhuero lre cnyxr 3a noaalpKaHe Ha nporpecuBHrre nonr_

OcBeH ro8a: "Y{rnuce crpeM, lrero aa ctrerae npode' cuoHanHaTa noaroroBKa c noauuaBa' He 3a KynrypHoro HhBo h orroBop_

Hocr npea o6qecrBoro". l'1 oure: "Yeutvl4ero ce crpeMu aa 3anrnH,, npa3HrHara Met<.qY Pa3YMa h KYnrY_ para, Mexay opreHrxpaiirKh

rBopqecK,ls npoqec KtM peujaaaHe 3a 3aaaqu or npaKr,lqecKo ecrecrBo". KaKro ce srxlqa, craBa Blipoc aa r3 noBF[aaH€ Ha Bhcox6 , caeTn,4 haea_ nx B ayxa Ha 6ayxay3, caMo qe Beq€ no BpeMero Ha cryaeHsra BoiNa l'4

noHexe B ynM, KaKro 4 npeaq 3rB BafrMap, cxnxre Ha MpaKo6ecrero ca clulrl. peaxqhFra e MoMeHran 'l Ha ,1roqHa. aoph eauH 6"8!r recranoBeq, YqacrBYean B apecrysaHero Ha

eaf,

6para

cecrpara Ulen, opraHh3upa

KaMnaHuF, Kosro 3a6aBF orKpMBaNeTo 8a yqrn urero c qFna roarHa, Br.

repnBoro Ba srHaNcrre

SaaeH-

EppreB6epr 3aFBFBa,,re "Ha MHo3!Ha He ce BpaB4 o6lrara

aeiNocrra Ha yqrnrurero B Ytlll' Apyru nlK HaMtrpar HeroBoro caue' crBysaHe u aeiHocr 3a aecepxo3Hu. HafcrhHa nlpBqre crlnKx Ha yquns. u{ero ca xapaKrepHl-l c HenpeklcHara auHaMrKa, yaaqHo h HeyaaeHo e(cne prMeHrhpaHe, cnoHraHHo Bl3H4KBaHe

r4e4, npoMFHa Ha yce6sl,Te npo.paMr, crpyKryp,l, Me roarKh u r.H. To3, rBopcecK, Krnex 3a o6HoBrerhe, rlpceHe cl3Aasa ntxnuBoTo BneqarneH,le 3a,lHcT,1Tyr, Koiro He 3Hae kaxBo npeacraBnFBa 1, ,cKa. nlpB,re .oauHu (1953.1956)

ca xapaKrepH,

neKa Kara Ma)en "AyrcHasa" A6coneeHrcku npaekt Ha MuKaen KoHpad, nue MaHqoHu u 6.5yw

rpaQueeH cuMeo, 3a reneBu3uoHno

npoekt

Xep6ept KanurcKu

npenadaeaten e

vtM

opreHraqhF KIM

flpaKrueecKa aeiHocr, 11 x3pa6orBa' He Ha h3aer,1F Ha plKa.3aNsr'lFra ce

fpGexaar slB Bira Ha ocHoBeH roahueH Kypc, s3arMcrBaH or rpaarqr4nre Ha Eayxay3. Ho €ne,qsas or o6y qeHtre

3!B

nDooecuoHanH14 HaBuqh,

AoflnHeB c no3HaHnA or o6racrra Ha o6qara Kynrypa, Ho cKopo craBa Fc' Ho, ee 3a aa 4Ma pe3ynrar, ar3aiHe' prre r apxrreKrrre He Morar aa 6!' aar npeau Bcrqko xyaoxHr4r, c!3aaBaur'4

sopMf

ranai e

Ha 6a3ara Ha cBoF

n'1 Blo6paxeH4e

cluloro

onrr,

ocraBau'l'1

apeMe cv&q4 Ha ayxa

Me31

Aeto'ycHa cnupKa

roArre Ha npoMr!!neNocrra. T€

CtydeHtcKu npoeKt

anrxHrl aa BseMar yeacr4e 3 npoh3soa.rBeH4F npoqec/ 3a Koero lte rp86Ba aa nprrexaBar conrlAHa npo Sec,oHarHa noarcroBKa u Hay!'l.t4 3HaH n.3aroBa npe3 1957 .. nlpso HalanHrre, aoqa HeonpeaeteHu {aev

CucteMr 3a eu3vanHa uH6opMaqDR npaeRr da P. Aepep - crv)eHr

npoeKt Ha X.Berep,do4. B. Yanue,

c nporpaMa, B KoFTo roLrHo ce onpeaenFr o6nacrhre 4 qe' nrre

CMrcurr

Fa o6yeeHhero.

Ha pe-

6opMqre B ro3'a

ro nrru

Hepa36paN

nouo nprer or

NFKO' OT CAMfiC CTYACHTU. B AENCT' BrrerHocr qenra e aa ce npeoaonee cBrp3aHo c

derrux

3xpaHero Ha "xy6aBara dopMa" rl aa ce cr3aaae o6craHosKa Ha p23Bhrre caMoKoHrpon npq cBo6oaHo clnoc '.1

TABFIE IA MHCHhF. HsKOX NOKIONH'4 q, Ha "ecrerr3Ma" Brnpoc aa Hana.aHe Ha Bi36paHa Ha

,3KycrBoro Blo6ure.

[pvr,

3e ca ao-

BrBer<aaNero Ha pearrta HayqHx aqcqxnnuar, aoKaro qenra e aa ce sroplxar cryaeHrure crc cpeacrBa 3a ophefrrpaNe B o6craHoB(ard Ha eAHo paqroHanFo BorH14

p4MeHrr..orFMa Blpusar c 6one3f€Hf Heyaac!4. Or 1962 r. ce Hanara 4a ce ycraHoB!1 paBHoBeche B y,re6Hyre nnaHoB€ Me)(qY npefioaaBaHhre arcurnnuHr, aa ce ocuryP aeiclBetsa 3p!3Ka Mer<ay rax, 3a aa ce f36erfe HarpyiBaHero Na HenoaaaaaLlh ce ria ycBoFBaHe aa

vqrx cBeaeHffi h ce nonpe{u 3a de. rxor3rpaHero Ha MeroAonoruFla. Ha npaKrkKa rosa o3HaqaBa aa ce HaMa -Ha n4 aenrr Ha o6ur4re Btnpoctr u reoperucecKure npeaMerr, Karo 3 npenoaaBaHero

ce orAerI

paruBHu h3KycrBa,

unu apxrreKrypHo Yeunuqe, Hxro aKaaeMuF 3a ,3FU1H' k31(ycrBa, ToBa

crpaHHo yee6Ho 3aaeaeHxe ,3hcKBa

HoB

r4n

npooecroNai

npeaMeru, HoBu Meroah 3a npenoaa He ce no6rpa necHo B

paMKrre Ha rpaAuqroFHara

i\4exay 1960-1962

ropeul cnopo,

pa3pa6oruaHero Ha npoeKrr.

rpeanarar ro aa 6aae npllcrearHeHo

roAUHa

Be 3a ponsra TeHAeHlr|Fra, HanrnHo ra ce fioAehHh rBopqeckara aerHocr Ha o6eKrrlBHure ycnoBhs, npear3BrKBa npeyBenh' eeHrl Haaexau 3a cr3aas

x36exHo Aa AoBeAe Ao opwqHanHAh

tlpaEcr cpe q y tu ke DdupaHeta ta Bucuefo ysunuure 3a feapcec

yqe6Ha

chcreMa. pa3pa6oreHa np, ycnoBusra f a cneaBoeHHqF Kan!.,ran43rM. 3aroBa , nporrBHrqure Ha yq4nuqero B ynM

yeun[]rrero e apeHa

ax x

nosece

acneKrrrei cBap3aHu He. nocpeAcrBeHo c npo6neMrre Ha apxrreKrypara ar3arHa. 'l 3a yqlntrutero B YrM Moxe aa ce Kaxe, ee xMa rBlpae cneurdrceH opooun - He e 3,ro uKona 3a aeKoBN14M€Hue Ha

clBrpueHl4 p€uteHuF. To3r, ,,Ha{e rBrpae nnoaoHoceH fiepxoa, ce xa pakrepr3upa c HenpeKlcHarx eKcne-

ro e

no Ha4exHa 4 noaroTBr cnertqa.

MrHrManeH'.poK, eaHocrpaHqhB, Ka. KOMneTeHrHrl 14 ArCrtrn nrHupaHu, KorlTo aa He ,3nu3aT u3. BIH paMKl4re Ha cBoero pa6orHo M8cro h npodec|F. Tan karo yqrnrlrero B YnM He xenae Aa cnyxu Ha ropeno33

.a!.e

ijyi f. np/]{t\un6,

soro

rpabas

B clurHocr Ha caMoro My npHclcrBue B rpaaa He ce rnera c ao6po oKo. noroBxsara cry,eHrr ce qYxaeHutr/ apy.rre ca or nH <B44hpaNe.

toP tr MHo.o Mar YnM. Or noefloaaBarenfle, Korro ca qYxaeHqh r, HeMqr, caMo eahH e or ynM. Ta3rl pa3Hoe3ue. ,a3H' Kparqa

Ha pa3HoqBerHa o6ulHocr or 150ay u, x4Bee u ce rpyar1 3 3aaNre, pa3creNure Fa rpaaa, A 3 caMrF rpaa cryaeHrxre seaBa.a ce pa3no3HaBar,

cKaHAan!34par cnoKoiHoro 6yp xoa3Ho o6lrecrBo clc csoero o6neK no, nprqecKa, noBea€Hre. o6urecrso ro, nonxrrKara Ha Koero ce onpeaern or ,rHrepecure Ha ,MyqecrBeNara Knaca, o6BhHFBa cryaeHrhre B pa3 Bpar, 3aqoto yMeFr aa opraNh3rpar hcrhN.K, np€3rxu4

KIM KoMyHx3Ma, 3auroro cso6oafo ,3pa3R3ar MNeHrero

crpeM'inf aa oirosopFr Ha couuanHure norpe6Ho.rq

06lrecrBoro. Te

He cMsrar, qe apxrreKrypara rpAbBa aa 3aaoBonfiBa Bkyca tsa nprBrnrr,l

poBaHrrr€ h He pe3.ne)<nar Ar3aiNa Karo daKrop 3a pa3Brirxera Ha rrp.o,

BuFra. crpourenHfFr oraen o6p!r{a BHrrMaHre Ha npoeK

rrpaHero Ha MHorodaM4rts, xhn,ur. Hu crpaa'1, Ha KynrypHo 6rroBh crpaal4 h 3asoa,1, 11 fa Meroafre ra npor3 BoacrBo Na c6opH, eneMeHru npu 3aBoacK, ycnoBrq. oraenar 3a npo-

npoeKrrpa He r3 Mrcnets4 HeLra, a rHcrpyMeNrL4, Ma uuav, q3aetqa 3a o6Lr€crBeHo non3. 3a|e. oraenar 3a Br3yanHa rHsopMaquF odopMF yce6Hhqh, npoeKrhpa trNdopMaq,.oHfx ctrcr€Mh, yeacrBa B op.aHh3rpaHe Ha Meponprsrqs c l)6 urecraeHo 3HaqeHre. EcrecrB-"Ho, Hao6nacru e onacHo, 3auroro 3acnra rBlpae MHo.o Brnpo. cl,1 - or eneMeHr€pHure rexNreecKf

UpoMruneHocrra 6lp3o or, Kprea non3ara or GsMecrHara a€;

Aera;nu ao nonrrreecKfF pa36op Ha ycraHoBeNrF nopFA!K. EcreKh 3Na.

pa3pa6orsaNe Ha npoeKTq h oc!ulecraFaaHe Ha pearHu flopreK1,1 or qHcr'.1ryr4, cBlp3a3, c yLrr-

YnM

xoxoyne diop feuranryNr B e, KaKro Sayxay3 Ha BpeMero,

cpea

Lqe Ha

nhurero B ynM. Tosa ca 3B€Ha, Koqro

cnyxat or

eaHa crpaNa BNeApsBaHe B npaKr!Kara Ha KoH

Llenqu,fie Ha yqrnrlt-ero, a

Blsexaa!€

or apy

Hosr/ no.npor

pecusHh qeprq B xapaKrepa Ha neaa-

.orfe€cKara ae;Hocr. 4ocra 6!p3o o6aqe, re3{ r!crrryru c€ orK}cBar or npo6neMrre Ha ye4nrLrrero h ce npe Bprrurar B o6uKHoseHh npoeKraBrcK, 6€pa. 3a lecr Ha rBopqure or ynM 34

3r,

Lre

KpxrhqH, yMoBe, norh-

ruqecKu eyBcrBurenHu nreBocrh. flrlecsr€, orxBlpneHla or rpaAckrF TeaTlp, ce nocraBaT Ha cueHara

yqrnu4ero. 3a6pa!eHrre or qeH3ypara O"nM! ce ipoxeKrhpar or cryaeH r"'K,HeMarorpadrh. cryaeHr,

{

npe.

noaaBaTenu orknrkoaT Ha BcrqKu MeponphsrriF Ha aeMo(parkqHhre opraft3aLrr4. ToBa e rBbpae MHo.o,3a Aa 6!Ae ocraeeHo 6e3 nocneAcrBhe

OKono 15.oarH/ yernhL4ero B YnM clurecrsysa B arMoc4epa Ha HeAosepre, spaxae6Hoc

a HeDFAKo 4 3annax,

! lraHrax

L,l1-

|oBoa, 3a aa 61ae orpoBera rBop,recKara arMocde-

pa: srrpeuHqre cnopose B yq,1n'jure orFocHo opheNraqrsra Ba npeno. aaBaHero, u3MeHeHrFra Na yqe6Hrre

nporpaMx/ nonr.rheecKa rra HsKoh npenoaaBarenf rl crya€Br!.

CKpoMHrr€ AlpxasBq cpeacrBa, or nycKaH, BcflKa .oA!N:, ce rna.yBar c h c nocraafiHe Ba pe4r1 qa arlcKpr4MrHaqroHH14 ycroBrF, npe3 1963.., Ha ae6aru s napnaM€H, ra Ha 6aAeH-Bbprets6epr, e naFcrpa. Ha raenra yernru.lero B ynM Aa ce nprKpenu KlM NFKoF AlpxaBHa op,

tagu3atl a h aa cpeacrBeHo f a6nloAeHrle. opr.H..13rpaHoro facrlnneBfe 3anoeBa npe3 lonLa 1967 r. or 6oH, Kla peueHhe deaepanHhnr naDnaMeHr aa cnpe s'lHafcrpaHero Fa yqhnrurero B YnM. B kpas Ha cr!.iara roAhHa nap IaMeHrapNara KoM,c'4F no duHaHchre Ha 6areH Bopre!6epr orKa38a ysenheeHre Ia cyMrre, ornycKaHu or caMara o6nacr ,1 npeanara aa c€ q3y. 3a nphKpenBaHe

Ha y!un,rqelo K!M

uKona B YnM, ClA6ara

qHxeNepHara

Ha Xox!.lyn€ TeuranryN. e Beqe peLleHa, 3a. qoro se ce npeanara Hr,KaKaa anrep HarnBa. np€3 .beBpvap,r 1968.. case rlr Ha M',1Hr4crprre B EaaeN,Bopref. 6epr rnacyBa 3a 3ana3saHeto Ha yc, nrLrero s ynM caMo npr, ycnoBlr€ aa ce npucaeA,rH, KrM uHxeH€prara

dbp

uKona

crulhF rpaa.

OrroBopbr Ha npecneaaesnre

npodecop,, acxcreH. rl,

Bcu{K' cryaexru, c x3KnloceHxe

Ha eerrprMa

B!3arpxarv ce,

noa-

nlcBar pe3onEqra, 8ar "furHcrseHara pa3yMHa 6opMa

xoxuyre slop le' qamyHf e HaqHoHantr3aqrF Ht ycffh' urero clc c!6nbaaBaHe Ha Herosara He3asxcxMocr. B raKrE ayx rF6sa Aa 6lae p€ueHrero Ha nocneaHara 3a 3ana3BaHe

vHcraHurF

napnaMeHra Ha SaaeH_

BlopreH6ep,. Koilo 4e €3 ctoepe np€3 Mapr 1968 r. B cny{a; qe napraMeHrar yrBipAr np€anoxeHHero Ha MuH"crepcKuF

Xox!]yne

Obp TeuranryHr (XOf)

3aisfBar cneaHoro:

- aorynoAnucaHure qneHoBe Na XOT, KaKro e FcHo or np€AhurhTe

{3Ka3aaahB. HFMa Aa ce noaqnHaT

arKrara Ha npaBrrencrsoro, - qneHGere Ha xor P€uaBar pa6orara cu or 30 cennp€Kparar Aa reMBpv 1968 r. npl,| vcnoBHsra, KorTo ,M ce np€anarar He Moxe aa ce 3a' Ha

or€r}fl8ar, Karo npneMar raKrvl<a

rhre c ilepcoHara, He ce np'4eMar HoBu cryrteHr , a crap re He 3aaflr qe MOXe A€ Ce nna_ Hrpa Hrulo nopaA, nrnca Ha cp€acrBa. Ta3{ o6craHo8Ka .asaasa 6naroaaraa noqEa 3a nopaxaase H6 Ear-

FeLlsk KoHbnrKrr, xorro E apyro speMe ca ce perl'la8?fl4 ya6{Ho Ha

MFci:. ocBeH ro6a c!6,r,flra

BrBar

He3a6paelrMar6,

rosa Y6xicrBo aa ce npeAcraar 3a ca-

Ta3h ropaa pe3onEqrF

6Ma

ornyu,rreneH pe3oHaHc E KynrypHra xxBor B TOP. ron8Ma {acr or npecara, roneM" npo6€cuotsarH" acoq6a' qnf, apxrreKrypHM oaKyrrerr, cryI€Brcxu opraHd3aq{h h xrnFAs {acTHh nrqa ,3pa3Faar nPorecra cv npea npasrrencrBoro 14 cBoFra noaKpena r(!M yrrnurqero B vnM. BracrHre ca nprHyaeHH apeMeHHo aa Aarar Bua ce

ce Pa3' 6ypHa

1968 roahHs, roAaHara H re aeMocHcrpaqxr, craeKh k crYAeHrB 3anaaHa Espona. Yao6Ho speMe 3a Kpa;ro nesvre eneMeHff B ynM, Korro srlcoKo npoKnaMepar "qe rqxHoro yqhnrqe e n3o' craHano c aecerhners€, qe cnyxu Ha

eapnF Kannran, qe e aHrraeMoKparrer€ u npefloaaearenhre He crpy_

Bar".

oqe

BlnpocHoro v'runrute

BoaM rHrepeceH,

113Mopfrsa

Ha XOf nporecrrp3r cpeury 6e3cpaMHoro HaMep€sre

nporaxaHe , or.a$aHe Ha aaBneH e, ToBa e daranNo 3a vchnrqero, Ko€crHocr. MexayBpeMeHHo ca aHynvpaHu Ko$rpaK-

ao6pe

np€pa3-

aoulr.

l'ruH,1ciep.

B lllyrrapr rpeanara Ha npeno4aBaren[re r cryaets re s ynM

aa npoycar BBMoxHocrrre :3 npucrea4HFBaHe Ha ylar4qero KrM no rhrexHxqecKoro veunhue B liivrraFr, ,1314cKsa

€arlHoayuHo

a3ero pe0ieHre. orHoso vnM € cBlr-

aeren Ha npoaanxMrenHh h dypBlr cnopoBe M€xay npenoaaBareru ,

cryaeHrh, KoMro e KpaiHa cMerKa ce aoroBapFT, Bo cKopo grKpraaT, qe xrtpara rraHeBpa ha npasrrrencrsoro rr e orB-Ana MHoro aare.r. JlrKByaa-

{ef,ra

Xoxuyne $'opfeurarryB.

a6a9e{a Ba 2A HoeMsp, 1968 r, nocneaHrsr 6bnerxH Ha yqrnrltero ,{3nh3a

qepHo, Karo 3aneqarsa Er,pxy

cTpaHrqrre

rp€aoxHrTe

nrua

y{acrBysaurMre B cl6rrrBra. no 6poHr.F Ha cra6ara Bnac-

rrre B fOP orAenrxa

sHhMaHre

opraHu3HpaH€ro Ha noaBrxHara u3-

nox6a no nosoA sGroauL!HrHara or

Bce

Al4BaMl4q€H

4eKop

1S69

Ha 5ayxay3. ToBa crar. eAHa roArHa cnea

'rpe3 nxKBnarpaHero

eAhHcrEeHrF 3aKoHeH HacneAthK fla Sayxav3 a rOP. B Karanora l<rM ,3rox6ara Moxe0ie aa ce npo-

6orFr noBe,re orKonkoro Apyraae, a nony{aBar no-Manko B}3Harpar<ae-

B HAUffi SEK 6IAfO. a.peH6€ Ha orpoMHoro c Cera Beqe 3HaeM, qe Han-rHrep€cHrre

Hne. Tosa e eArBcrBeHoro yqe6Ho 3aseAeHqe B 3anaaHa Espona, Koero ce

YrM

Ha yq6nrqero

rnexaa n o6HosFsa cBohre nporpaMx r Meroax, B,qlxHoBFBa peanqa nporpecxBH, peoopMu 3 o6racrra Ha 06pa3oBaHxero; roBa e Heo6rKHoseHo Mf,cro, Kraero np€noaaBarenHre p3-

{ere, qe ?'rBopqecrsoro Ha Maicropq-

6naropoaH, raearx Ha Sayxay3 oc-

nprarpxa rBrpao nMcruqecKu fl pruurnu14 cryaeHrrre

raHaxa

ce non3Bar c ulxpoKa 14 p 3aroBa ro HFMa npaBo Ha clurecrByBaHe B fOP l,j apaMarnqHtsr nereH

rexHrqecKa qrrBrnx3aqhF x qf,nocrHOro npeo6pa3FBaHe Ha oKplxaBaurara H! MarcpsarHa cpeaa.

HeoclurecraeHa oco6eHo xykoHqenwrF 3a Hauara

3ANA.qHOTEPMAHCKIlflT

4I,13A6H_BTbPCEHEHA HOB OvHKUt4OHAnU3bM

Mar cnox{ Kpai

qecKo BAlxHoBeHue", aoKaro l\,4yre36y€ e a MHeHne,

rpaxaaHu BlpxY oaKflare

aeruF fiFMa aa 6!aar ftpceHh aa

ocnopxM" Heura) c!3aaaoxa

na-

3apa, aKo He cneasar eaHH eAyHcrBeH y6eAnreneH crnn". To3U noAxoa ce

YAK 62.001.2:7.05 {430.2)

cxsaqaHero, qe qFnoro

npeeod or cnucaBue ' AoMyc", 0 624. t982?. 3a crpaHtr,iHeB Ha6nFAaren, h3-

aenvFfa. cL3AaaeHx E repMaHcKara deaepanHa peny6nrka, c Aeno Ha earH r.r cbul ar3aiHep. l4 KaK e EHMoXHO, npl4 ronKoBa MHoro

rhKHa

rps6Ba Aa "dopM[par ,3o6perarencKo qya6rso 14 HsarBriAyanHo raop'

l43_

a,l3aiHep[, rlsroro laqho-

HaqhoBarHo nporcBoacrBo rpF6Ba aa np{r€xaBa HFKoU rHnylHh Kaqecraa, c KoHro aa npvBnrqa BH rlproEqhre- Ta3u KoBqenqrf, HantnHO npa3Aaa paqxoHanHra xepaKrep HaqHoHanHo npo,r3soAcrBo: oopMara Ha ,3aenhero rpF6-

sa aa

nMa 3HaqrreneH npuHoc aa eoeKr[BHocrra Ha npo,r3BoAcrBoro M rLpro6rFra. ToBa e reopuFra

ql,

o6nrKa

np€

peKoHcrpyKqxsra B TOP

Boacraoro Ha T. lvanaoHaao, cBAaaeHrl HopMh

HoBneHrero B ay3aiHa ce noaalpxa-

cneaBa oyHKqhsra".

ar3aiHeplr

Be-

pasnpoqeca sa

xy4oxHnK, Ho

Hocroes naprlrbop B B3eMaHe Ha npor3BoacrseH, peueHrF. KpanHrFr npoAyr(T r4Ma l43qrc' reH sltl$eH sxa, HeyrpaneH x cryaeH, pe3ep8xpaH 14 necrenrB, roi npeacraBnBBa qlcra a€MoHcrpaqrf, Ha nproprrera, aaaeH Ha rexHxqecKnF ,3pa3. Axo o6lpHeM nornea sa3aA,

MoxeM aa npocnearM pa3shrrero Ha reHleHuhriTe Ha HeMcKr.fl lx3aiH or

Ha sexa. oure npe3 1914 roA. ce Ha6n0laBar pa3HornacxF Md<ay nocneAoBarennre Ha xeH-

lvlyr8ryc. CnopeA nlpBlrF, e3Kycr6oro , 3aHaarrre P,l BaH Ae BenAe,

ycnosxnra 3a xnBor ce ynoBasaLle nocrn 6e3rpaHy{Ho Ha Hay,rHhF l1 rexHa

Hhceckxf, nporpec. gnpara B 6![e!rero e Hat{xn$o ,3pa3eHa s Eayxayc u Hai-sece E eAuHcrsoro Ha BcrqKn xy, AoxecrBeH4 ar4cqrnnrB rFxHoro npxnoxeHne B MacoBoro npor3soacrao. l4Aeara Ha Eayxayc ce noAAapxaure or y6exaeBuero, qe craHAapru3aurFr6 ue noelocTaB, etHl4 crull, '1 x3aeruF 3a non3BaHe oT scr4trKr v no ro34 HaqrH qe npeMaxfie Knacossre Pa3nrqHF (craHAaprrsaq nuurara no roBa BpeMe 6eule eaHa or ocHoaHrre qen, Ha paleTenrTe 3a noo6o6urecr333aHe). Haqr3-

'rFrocrHo

6FXa

paquosanHo Ha

HayqHyre Meroan B npoqeca Ha peuaBaHe ka pa3ru'lHrre npo6neMu.

aKqeHrrpa aapxy rex-

ue or qyBcrsoro Na crnHa B8pa B 6!aeq€ro. Haaexaara 3a noao6pFsase

npor3BoacrBo, 3a nprraraHe

HHcecKara h TtproBcKara crpaHa $ ce

nprawxa KiM Mororo "oopMara

1968 r. Bucurero yqrnrure no ,3Ky, crsara B ynM, noa prKosoacrBoro Ha nlp8xs cl1 ahpeKrop lvaKc 6yn, aonae karo ecrecraea nocreaoBaren Ha Sayxayc. BnocneAcrBre, noA p!Ko-

roi

l,l3-

Mopan-

qenhF cneaaoeHeH, nepqoa

CrpvKrypanr3Mlr,

(

Nrre npxBqrnr, KoHro sopMrpaxa

rpF6saue aa cneaBar. B neproAxre Ha Br3craHosaBaHe cneA 1918 ,i cneA 1945 roA., 06-

3aiH e,

rosa pa38rrre.

6a3rpa 'a ce caMo Ha crfYpHrr, peanHts n H€

"ao6para OopMa",

NanHo npou3BoacrBo aa 6aae noBnhRHo or €A8AKB' ecrerhq€cKr4 HopMr? TrnrqHo 3a 3anaAHorepMaHcxMf, ax_

noroxrrerHure HayKx

KubepHerrKara np€erpHaxa ar3ai HepckuF npoqec 3 ynpaBnneM x no,

ourpxxa reHAeHqrf,ra

qerrre. nocrenesHor dyHKqroHar13Ma s pa6oft1a t^ Ha paqroHan,r3Ma a npoh3BoacrBoro ao' nPhHecoxa 3a sr3npreMaHe Ha HoBu re ar3anHepcKu Meroar.r, npaKrrKyBah, s ynM. "MeroArre Ha ynM" noc reneHHo npoHr.xHaxa B npoMxuneHo crra Ha rOP. C6nlcKBanKu ce c Hoapyrhre clu.recrsyBa' uq 40 ro3, MoMeHr ay3a;HepcK, MeHa Ha

roar, Korro

ycnFBaxa aa noaarpxar

axanora Mexay paqroHa cyanq3Ma, 3arY6Mxa cBon e6eKr. TeopxFra Ha ycxnxurero B YnM e Han-ao6pe ,3pa3eHa , Haiuxpa urrpoKo nprnoxeHre B npou3aoacrBoro Ha O'4pMara 6payH. 143aerhFra Ha SpayH onxqerBopFBar haeana Ha rexHrqecxuF nporpec: 6yHKqhF, troa'

BfHar( or noaxoaFlla

KpeneHa

Tyk o6aqe, rpA68a Aa

Hanpa

8uM fay3a 4 aa r3cneaBaMe Bpeatr re, HaNecets, or au3aiiBa, 13rpaaeH Ha ''paqroHaneH" nprHurn. KaKs, ca pe

3yrrarure, nocr/rHzr, a pa3nfqHrre nepfoau nph onxthre 3a npeoaorssa,

ue Ha 'pauqoHanForo" B ar3aisaT KaKBa e peaK(rFra h KaKB, ca pe. 3ynrarfre , npeaf3BrKaH4 or pa.

qfoHarr3Ma Karo uen Ha ecrerfks ra? nopaah Hapa;rBaurara c!npo lrBa cpeutv re34 {rer, r!3a;H!r B

tOP ure

coeura

rpyafeNrF npu noaa!pxaae Fa caoe-

Aa ce raAFBaMe, {€ 6lAeulht€ qe aoBeaar ao cr3.

ekciep/Merrh

aaBaflero Ha NoBo pa3Hoo6pa3re or Moaenx,

ko4ro ure noaalpxar nip-

![3aiif

cpeA

3anaasorepMaHcKhs

, 3 cr!.roro apeMe ure B!3BlpBai ronFMoro My KVnrvpHo 3ha. crpaHr

Xpa4oMetpu 3a cnenu xope AnanH Aurcp KynuK

EprahoMueHa caManetua kaOuHa

Iu3ad" Aene6 KupxHep

Anapar 3a yne.hsaaHe Ha KoMy NuKaquRra npu uBaarudu Auianh XaK06 HacapuaH

ii,

ii, 37

3A qEnEHACOL{EHO

Ha acxeK, oco6eHocr,

l4H@OPt\,1A4ltOHHO

rtnctun KaFro

{ neprnerrn

B 6n.

c:ser.Kvr crE3, raka

E nraycrphanEo p.3b'itrre ctpaHu B

k.,.k.

Itcnnre, 3aEaq,re, roanKara Ha uHoopMaqeoHHoro ocn.ypF

apx. tl8aH cnasoB

Ka.

S6e "14cnorBosaHhe,HCopMaquu B apoeKrHon pa6ore xyaoxHsKa

A'34;Ha deaBaxa , cneaBar Hero Boro pa3Bnrre r ycrsrpdeicrszHs - or OopMhpaHero sa 06r,Ka Ha.iAenHnF rrpaaaaHero ra dopMara

KoHclpyKropa", BH14l4T3, MockBa,

Horo u3rlaxaaHe

no nosoA HoBoro MeroAnqecko noco

lSaa

aenHccrra

rue s crpYkrypoo6pa3yBaqrre

BaHe Ha

Hu3spaHa npeaMerHo npocrpaH*6DHa cpe

!a. Or apyB

Ure xapakrepncrxkn ia rHsopMaq,oHko ro ocMrypuBaHe ra ar3atHep,ro. tlenra e MexAY !HoopMatopi tr ar3a;Hepu. Oop Mxre sa uH+opMauhocHol

Hocn

Ha npeaMe

Ha Bauerc o6uecrBo.

.neqx.bBcH,re norpe6pa33,3aquie ce B npo+ec,oHa, orHo0eHse a,3ath0px. €a

RospcMeHNo

c rosa

ToB. o6croffencrBo paJB,rqero Ha

n!p.o

4;3atH,$op rqx"a.

pa6ora B o6nacrra Ha

Ha 6r+opMaqtroiHoro APYfu cpoaBr AdHocr

(apxhrekrypa, rHx.trepHo npoekrxp.Hc,

aD.l rF cr3at CokaoBe, f,onah.

ra s o6croFrencrBoro, ce Ha

! npea, sciqKo

ax3a;H uH4opMaq,Fra

rdHaia MeroAonorir. npn.o8a

BpeMe,

,3o6pa3!re,3o h3kvcr.o

npoqec,

ocUTvPFBAHE HA At43AtHA H.c.

Aaca

ce orq".

npooec"oHat

ax3a;(eprre crpaaa

or nhnca Ba reopery{Hr no3HaHxR u npak rqceck, vMeH,F no ,H6opMar"Ka. rlH4op

3a ar3a;H rpF6Ba aa

creqranr3ioaHoro o6pa

6orBa* r pa3npo.rpaHsBaHe

Ha !H$opMa cro6pa3Ho a!3HuK

Baisrra

M npoekrMpaHero. npe3 cne46.

quF eran ce 6opMnpare

,B+op.

Ha au3anBa,

ny6rukyBaH{ur rpyA B cnHre3rpa 6orarns Meroa,ee.kq onnr Ha MB.lopMaq oHH"re cryx6" Ha

Bcecr13i,F

crfF

ecrerrka

npor3BoaHxre Marepua

MocKBa

a,3anHepcka aen

qendHaoceHa

i.yqr

au3atH.,H$opMaqnnra, Mdx. ayHapoahoro c!rpyrHMqecrso 3 4fl.bopMa , r,H. Ha ce.auHxE eran, Hap€a c BenpekbcHaro

fBaHe

3a Naae@t .oArH, aenHocr - ot Hero.ure $h ' ,na,, !o@ra orAeIu'e 3aaHa'!3o6oc cFAasaHero Ha rHcruryra

aoxtrEeHoro npoexr"parc (caMoro

,M)

u3MnHaxa

Ha3

aurr

To3, nrr crorBerdBa

Ha u3.paaeHyre

Ha a,3anH.,H+op

M6q"Pra 6Fxa

eHhlllE u Al4O {Ynpa.neH,e 3a ipo M,uneHa ecrer"Ka), 6ep,!H, s ocrqe Ha

3atHeock"re ,Hcrxrvrs or c

Axrya,H,rc npo6reM, Ha A,3atH 6*a o6crxaaH, ra Mex

nH+opMa(urra

Ao,o.yr ia

B oc,rypngaHero

rocr c

4oHAoBe,.!3npuerMF Hac"H Ha c6p,6or saHe , pa3npodFrdsaHe Ha MHoopMa qrnra, cucreMarn3rparero HJ nlp8"cHy

NayqHoM3cneao

33 rexHrcecka

Bk,Eqsa cndr"a,u3xpaHu, nep!lbepH!

npe3 nocreaHrro

u,pok dooHr

cera cqcreMa Ha

Ha OopMa orpa3roa

Ha au3atHepx Dd.u"a,ucru no,HooFMaqsi.

dreMu 3a ,H+oF

ah*;N-MHOopMau!rra

HanpaB,eH,i. or eaHa crpa aa rpMxa 3a ofFrarFBaHero Ha crarpxa H6ero i copMMre t s cloiBercrBMe d Bce coquo rynrypin acneKr" Ha au3anHa, c8!p3aav c p€ann3,paHero Ha rnaBHara 3a

npocM Ha

''Meroaicecku B! ray{Ho r.xB,qecKaE nHdop

neH,Hrpaa npe3 1977 r.,

Ha MexAyHapon

no,HoopMa(ni B au. npe3 1979 r. , non;rxo Ha

3dtHa B Knes Peabqa pa6orH,

crEMectHhre Pa3pa60rKy npo6neM i.37 lcua). Oco. 6eHo koHc@yxruBHa eo,i . ia3M o6nacr

aHhfiIE

pa3pa6ork,

MockBa

Al,1O

11975 na

r.) nanp: ,AHarur ra ipoqe.a Ha nx.!opM !e.ra or a,

npepr60rBaHo

siitsepa', "Pa3pa60rBaHe

B"aoBe un+.pMa

ry4". n. HarahuHo 6a€Marfka aonyq, a cloMofiHara

Q'nuai

- Mock8a " ,HdopMa Ha qErieanBni H"crx ecrcrnk. - cod,s I

Hcr|rv'a g n!oM"unesa ecrlrnka Bapuasa - 't13.neasaxe Ha ndrpe6Hoc* ie

as3anHepnre

"a ,NOopMaqNF B npoqeua npoekinpaHe B i. 5, npo6neM 1 "37 Hayrd|rc ocHoB,

H. xyaosecrBeHo.

npo6,.Mat,Rara

'Pa3pa6orBaHe

npe3 1941.19a5

r. ipeAcio, cB

€qro pa3pa6orE:He {a teMara "Metor,ka ia +opM,pd|e , !3no,3saHd Ha cp€a dBara 3a i3o6pa3ererHa

qrdooMa(,F

3a BcnqKn cneuanrcn no ArenH sH$opMaq,' or coqnrxcr!*ck,E dpa Hd 6Hl,4l4TE CCCP

6.rBasero Ha k.aH"3 Ha

npn OopM,parero

6i€Marrk. Ha nHQopMaq"oiHoro oc,ry.

"{dopMaqyoxHfie

Kp€rHoro pr3pa6orBane xa ra3n npo6ne.

s. xa. TdN

npsHoc

npmMro aodorHre

e sesio n o6qo. c"crcMhre 3a ynpa

M ArlanHa 3 coqrarrcr,cecxrre ctp.s,. MoroAxceckoro .oco6se,l43no,.

f,perrosopa

!6q'.i:

rrpaHH

np!

3aaa€ ffi ,sdopMaqnoH

Hsre opraH, ce pa3rnexAa B noco6xero pa3pa.

8lrpeuBara crpykrypa), eMaH ceH (cneqnohka Ha i3a

AetBodra u o6.kr"a"u nHoopMaqnoHH, norpe6Hocr,) r np3rMar",eH (s3ncKsa.

6eHocr"re Ha au3ariHepcKara Adkocr,

6ekrhsr"re,H60pftaqHoNHM norpe6Hoc rr). npoqeclr Ha aHar,r,ko.@,rerrqsara o6pa6orKa Ha r{OopMaqri ro noa6op , oqe!k3, aHanus, (orqeHrp{

{a npeaMe"re

oopMa,a

3a ,Fxsara 6yBkqno

cro6paHocr, . rf,cHo s3a,Moaetcrsxe ua x,3HeH3ra cpeAa, or , po,sra Ha ,n4opMa.

kor.ro c

enHa f,oMoq a,3atNeprr,

parroo6pa,e. C!q_

HocrH"re crp.Hn Ha "ae3aiHa {aro enxocr npeo6pa3ysaqa, koMyHnKauBHa

paHe

xyao{ecrBeHoro npoek

Bep6arxa x o6pa3Ha

",60pMa_ CyHxqnoHaneH np"3raK

ce aer4 i: n306pa3,rerH

3a noipe6're,ckrtd

c306nBa, eproxoMurcck" 3a rpaa,sHr Marep,arn u noKp,trF. aacxeMa Ha

o64aia dpykrYpa H nHoopMa

dr F3and.psre. npy

HrF, c€rFaHn c koHkp€rHnn npoekr s cy

paHei crcrsMar!3rpaHe, pec'pyKrypnpaHe n

c,!id

qa'

HoBa,HdopMaqni.

Oco6eHo BH,MTHHe aBropqre

o6p!

na hHsopMaunoHin'e acnekrh Ha Au 3atH€pcKara pa3pa6orka,

or oco6eHocrHre no" h3non3BrHpro ra ,H.

+opMaqxF. npoqea B oprr,HanHara Ha

yHrsopMaqno*,i E+uqur ce noAcep Ha coqsoky,rypH,a M

decrHara pa60r. HaAq3a;Hep,,,HSopMa

rop,. B c"Hresqpah B,a ce pa3rrexaa cne. qx$lkara Hr ocHoBHsre era.y Ha ansn repcKoro npoeKrseare{npe Ha npoekiHo n ps6orHo

q,ure

oueHka Ha npoe*ra) or

3aaa

n@,.

"h{opMaqHorHoro.c"ryp'Ba'e. op.aHq3aquira Ha i.ycHo-,r4opMa.

c. pa3rplqa ,. Ipn paBNuqe

pasHHqa. Ha nlp8oro Ha uHOopM..

e OopMyn,pareyo

npepa6orca n{+opMawFra, ce o6prqa BHnMaHne Ha o6cror'en.rBoro, ce o6cryxBaMra np6KraHrcka aeiH cson (,b{oB MoMeHr rpaHqbopM,paHero

Hero Ha r.H. .o4npo6reM,

ped,ara cpea. ra €vHkqsorupaHe ia

n9o6reM, c Bropocre.exets xapaKrep. npn koHKperHo p$rnex4ar

(,x4opM'qn.ra) o,

o6erra 6 c+epar.

B!o6p.x,eM"6 Ho.

s e Ha,k6op.€q"rra

ckrra pa6or. * rop 16.a. ra M3aixepa)

66parHara BpEka MexAy xaearHhs H p6 npeaMdra. aNannrHcHo. chHunqHoro o6pa6orBaHe Ha'H$opMd-

ocyryp,

'H+opMaq,oH,oro B noc.6nero e

pr8.re H. An3aiHa- c

, nposec,otraHlrsop{eck" nore{qnai tryx6e Ha BHI, 4TE

BH14l,lTE.

.,H4opM.ropB

noro rM 6ordrcrBo

{"iia 3 06,acna

vka"

oqe B

patrpa-

nHQopMaunoHxun oraen Ha 6e-

'dpycxhs

no a 3anr,ts.bopM?qh3 or Asropckrhr kor,.krxs

or a!€ntsepckrre

6ia3"re,ra xsoopMaqxrj

6orka

vre

Bp!3kr 6 sH+opMaq,oii

npsa| Bq{ko oHe3r, Konro oqrypiB.r koprr"p.Hero Ha 4€;crsHrra 3a ans;xept

uronHri npo6,.M, npo6reMn Ha

sioporo

- n3BexAa , rp.vqeq6re

or .lpBocreneHra ui*Hocr,

Deroro - noanpo6reMyre, clceaH,r€

dpy(rvpara , 6ydkui,re

reMar|cH,.

py6phxarop karo rp!6Hak Ha laycho.sH doFdaquoiHnr npoqec. l,lHreptreH 3a nposKraHrrr. , !H OopMtiopnre paiae, {,Ha ra aokyM.H paHe Ha so8fia nBoop nonyeasa B pesyrrar Ha 39

As3atHepcKa pa3pa6orka. e cpeqar nrrepo

B ro.a aokyMehrrpaie

6iHeprre I Ha uH+opMaq,oH{o 06.

ca nerre npsnoxeHrE

klM Meroa!{eckoro noco6re. B ase or rqx ce na.a o6ua xa-

p.kreprcihka

,HdoFMa{"r a

CCCP

{cnequ+,(a

Baxxo Mtcro B noco6rero sdMa

cneqnarrs"paHara

ex+opMaqr4, n3ror.yB.Ht or auetHep, re, t1$eaeHr ca ocHoBrrre n Brao.o: 06 npoSecno"rridra

iBa,,+8kaq,r

a,.atHeprj np.eKrHa o63opra 3 aHaror,c{r no AetHocr n{cr|. Ha

ryqu|, r. norpe6nJerckx cBoncr.a 6N6rhorpadck,

Ha ,3 MH.boDMa-

eproHoMhlecka,606p. 3'renHa rex|onor"qHa h ap- rH.bopMaq,":

koHrpo,ra -

.poa.p{a ra kaceqBe|o

pssHrure ia npoekra, oco6ero q€{r, ryK ca ranpaBesrra o6qa xap8kreprcBKa u rnac,o,kaq"' Ba ocxosx H. MH+opMaqnE {no npo6,'ra

'eM.uxa:

paHeH"er ny6nxkysaHn Maree"arr,

Ar*i.

repc{a AokyMeHr.qHi, o63opu, npeBo#) no krreropHr Ha lokyMeHra - nsp8r{H,

I no +opMa

H. ipeanaB'. He: sep6rnia, H.o6pa3,renra, ryasoBn3y arHa n ap.)- noacepEr e np,op,rerfi N. , 306pa3,re,Hara rH+opMaq Ha a,3anHepa (kyrrypdro.,qsa,roopMr-

o npoekrrprH€, ,306pa3nren sa.x6opM.qrr 3 pr3,,cH, o6,acB ra r€xMkara, nprnoxHoro,skycrBo, 6soHx-

Kato n3xox!.r or BcrcKo roEa, aBrop,re npasFr sa!46o{es +yHkq,ora,eH

.k.rrr

Ha aenHocrra Ha

opr

xyaoxdrBeH. ,HrbopMaMq , Ba @M,r6 uroopMaqsoHHq .bo{AoBe no A'3a;N , ep roso sF . crcreMara Ha aBhtTE s orpac. noBlre arsn*eNK, opra{ss(rr, Hr t..n 6.3. c. noKr$Hn N mcnH BaHe H. npo+,r,p,H, ,HoopMaq,a (cnpa, 3oqHo.{HoopMaq@$in +o"!ose, cnpa' uocno-nr$opMarrrcsHo o6dy*sare). Or ro,rMo np.{rrcecko 3xlcexse

r{yt(g-ecmpaHHu

sacoqehocr Ha aenHodra {a " oraon&re opraHu, 6qao3e rH$opMaqsoHH' Ycryrr, .apecq Ha rHdopMrq,onH,re

gu3auHepu

nrp8,cH, , npor36o4H, {8r.prcH"j "3 ro{H,qs 3a cne{,an,3,p.$ qHsopM.qhi

HArPAAr,l 3A AO6bP

cnyx6n, np.l,

n. ar3at

B odaHar,t

eproHoMr6:

€parypa no,HoopMaruka. flo o6xBar u Au6oqr{a Ha aHarr3a tr .sfi63a Ha npo6reMqre Ha Ar3dH nH Meroa,{ec(o 'topMaqsrra "l43nor3Eaie Ha hH{DopM.qxF a s npoeK. raxrckara pa6ora Ha ar.atHepnr6, e nrp.

{ecka , nprrrrcecka crofiHocr. To

no areo

TOAI4HA

GUTE FORM (ABCTP!1F]

corMPAsso D'oRo (llTAn!1F)

G_MARK (FNOHXN)

ar3atHep{re, cneq'arrc'sfe

cneqga,ncrnre oi Ag$' H€pck"re r36rryr" n opraHM3aqrx or co. YMedHo e Aa ce noaqeprae

,'qHo v!acr,'d

B x.n,csa{e'o Ha t3u rpyA ia An.A"xyp - Ao.neNrr Ha coq,a,,rin qecx.ra a{3atr uH4opMrqns. c B6coxala c, kyrrypa, 60rara npoCecroHa,Ha epyar, , Ecroic'Eon roi

Mara s xr4opMa,qoHHo o ansatHa E CCCP, B c!.racysaxrre A.td Bni Hr ansanrcp.xrre rxcrrryq,s or co

crpaH, B ra3, o6racr. Haoero clrpyan,cecrso B nocr"ra. , esekus{o ,H+opMtqnoHso oqrypuBarc Ha ar3rtxa , eproroMsird . Ma nonyco c

Afi3AtH

Haa

no ,{6opMtq"s B clsercknc c!b3, Tpy!!r Ha aBropck"F (orekfuB - ar,a.ah, xyp, a,O.Eensk, O.P.BrrkHN, E.n.M.R. crdoE, B.A.Cdqd8ar, u M.A.rrMoSeeBa ,

qrr-xrcopMaq,r * 6Hrr,3

{a o6ekr6rc

u39eru9

{oBor$fu,Nh rpyA

ck4ro korerx qsflHo prkoso

6Ee'.

H npaktreckr pr6ora.

Cra, ar

MeOerHara npazpaMa

"ToHdo" AecryuF

Au3anH E. sepaHeK

It3ann M.neuKe u 6opo Xapwah

Ouar nahda

Uftnus

AuanH .4N. /qxudwuapo

CronoBe"Beprc6pa htatus Auian9

E. AMoa3.Ax. nDpetu

TpaH.nopua KatiuHa UrctuA

Qoroanapat "OnuMnyc"

AD3anH Op. rcupu2etu

ttlac. ot MacuBHa d6pea flnoquB

xpoHuka 1O TOAl,lHI,l

YNPABNEHl,E 3A

POMI,IIIIJIEHA ECTETI,I KA fI PI4 M}lHI4CTEPCKI4F ChAET HA N

fAP

a Haranoro Ha Meceq OeBpyapx r9€2 r e 6epnuB cronfqara Ha TepMaHckara l0 roaxuN"nara or YnpaaneNrero 3a npo MtruneHa

ocrcr,(a lAll.ol

A[1O e cr3!a!eH npe3 1972.. no peueHqe Ha UK Ha fECn u Ha MqHucreFcKtrF cr Ber Ba rAP Na 6a3ara Ha crqe.rByBa4fF aororaBa ueHroaneH ,rcrurvr no !u3atH KaM cnvx6ara 3a r3MepBaH F h koNrpon Brpxy Kaeecr€oro Ha crok,re a14o 3n 3A B CIC'ABA

HA MIHUCTEPCKUF

GBET

TAP M orro8apn 3a.poBexAaHero

H,Fr ce(perap npo+. a? MaprrH

KerM,

or nhoHeprreNa a,3aira B rAP qeHrpaiHfFr uHcrfryr 0cierqka I peaaKquFra H3 uHoopMaqx. orfxF 6rcnsrfn "Af3aiiN" noxenaBar Ha A r,1@ | Ha Bc,eR" ax3ariep" B rAP No6u eaMH

naprfnHara i alpxa6Ha nonfrr(a e o6 nacrra ca atr3aiiHa.

Ornpa3Hy8aBero Ha rc6xfea 6e .rnpoao

BaxHi Mexlyrapoa8tr

CbaEUAHl,iE HA PbKOBO,qhrEnxTE HA HAUI'OHA NH!IIE OPTAH143ALrI4 L1 3A NPOMXUNEHA ECTETI4KA HA

COlll,lAtl,lCTt4q ECKhTE CrpAHx

3 o6na.rrJ

H.npe(rcsaro caMoo6Ho6a€rNe

npfer 6eue

rAP h qrF"JseH rrrnprap npod !! vPnM c o.ob.r

uaka NcroBara rNdoFMaq,F 3. nocnea

CrBeuraHf ero

(ycfFra rer

.r qct.."" l'",'""""'.,."*,y'.

npdanoxeHha

koNrDec Ha

.hopMupaHero

, yrarpxaasasero

reHutrsn Ha (onefure or

g!H_

faP

ra3" 06

fpqro.s

oDp r6He nnoo urn oFfMslr n ipo.b. XoD.r OafKe 6r fAp. Knav. r6P npo+ 4,,.", o",lo* . urieD.r \ dH

ra .3erotsrr f K.HoM'eec(a o6crrBo6Kr Seue nDA!eprrHo, ee

Hrr rpF6B3 aa lJAe cBoF

!u3r;

npfH..3a

yse

e*ayHaDoaHn ynpatsneHhero

rAp

(orro

fporB, ro nDo

(xie crpasi rpr6Ba aJ.rlencrsJr ronFMo uHqMaHre

6r3MoxHo.r,'e ra pa:u,pf,oaHe

.r.py!hf!c.rRo

y€crHneky ce .nora3yMFNr

H? MHo

cruaHhre Sraeqe

x83"+f(aqfFra Ha !, r&repfrer parunpFDare H. fHdonMa ufosHqn o6Msr | 3raM6o!aBJHe HJ c!.

frno{6,;

kuH

apr

,tsaH cnas.B

Hauarr ,TDrM ca nFea,as,

c aoKnaa,

...oeNocrrrp

o yhkqqoqJnfjMr B Elnrap,F npe330je

o6cb^xxa or p.r

AoDMr , fpdr.xNrr

ra6efexirenHoro rscnc4.r!o Na dvHK MaK

apri

tra

npo6neMtrra Ba.iyHkq,oHaf ,3M.

rarh

FoB. or LICCP

6e skno,eNa

e o6naclr3

fr4u.aMLnoB

npo4r AieK.aHArp pF6vUN or CCcp, npD+ rn.a LllHah!' .r opuHuqq aN!!h a BaH Orl or L,1rr rqF

U6dH CnasoB

ar3stHepckf

H.M.{ara

, acr c !oknaa, h op4rxr,roH

H AYqEH CEM14HAP NO NPOsNE. Ml,4TE HA OyHKUXOHAnU3MA

B koMnrekcr or

f0crDaHHoro

Ha;ro6p,re oK.

MrureH a,3atH lXKCt4A)

TEcfl

crpatrrre yracrH,e(i ce,r.bopMrpaxr

niiap 3a

60.arqrp rpaa,u,"

pa6orrD sr Me+!vHa

rAP,3acFraq"

r,.K6ahiF

To6a, pa35,pa cs, e ecrecrseHo,

rureKrvp3 , xya.xecreeHr dKona sru

rorsw!u Heo6xo!,M..rra

nep

OpraHxiarop,re

HaopMaqf n - noarcroB(da re np.rL. roFqara q3nox6r Ha coq,anqcr,eecK,re .rDarf B 6lpHo cBenr Ha noerMerfr.,i

!hrarHa

ClBeuaHaero 6e

Ax0eKrtrs re hr

A,Fe(rDprr ra L4Hc ivra r fpoMru

6eue nposeaeHo s EepnfH or qespyarr 1982 r. B Hero u3exa AtrEftqII OT HP6, TAP, NHP,

frre naDiiisq

0qrp/ BBH!.rrr Ba Hay,Ho r.Hyqe.roro

Svrrr Ha !hcKyc,Fra 6eb-"

ocrpo

noneMr!eH Krkro aoknalquqqrs. raKJ , Mroro 06qh Ho

HanpaBneHie srB 4ropMo

3a rro6pa3rrerHoro ,3Kycrs. nue3 ?orp ! 30re roarN, Ha |aLlero crDferi," p "1 Tor He ce o6nc|Fsr

brae!]ero

Oys(q"oHarHha nolxo! s

uro6pa3,renHhre,r(v.

r,3,:fMo.r E

.neuxg,kaE rJ crx4o&

cr,(x orue,ora srxhaE

ponF

4vH(

rd rr. MV3,(a%. iopeo.psdr,FE. K'Ho'o.

Lloro ce y 8cf!(, y6dxaeN"e ra Hpr.ur 43

TEI!'IAT14IiEH YKA3ATEII HA MATEPi,IAJtI,ITE NYSNIKYBAH14, B 14HOOPMAq14OHH'IA

Slo.ltEThH ',At43AiH',nPE3 nEP OAA 1978 nPOMIjlllllEHA ECTETI4KA. TEOPl4ff HA

Al,|3AiHA.

1981rOAl4HA XyAOXECTBEHO flPOEKTI4PAHE. METOAI4

nPAK

T'IKA. AXO,IA,

Kl. Or 3aBaFra KrM npoMfuneBara 1980

SopMa. c. 31

- 35

seurh rn, o6eKr Ha

XOOXIAH,A. Ilorpe6focrrreor opxeHi/p

perynhPatse.

npoeKrrpase

1980-

9 14

r KAVECTBO HA nPoMtlurnEH TE l43AEIIl4ff. nOTPqE TEnCKI CaOiCTAA

K,'lEllKA, lO. Pa3Brrr,ero acoprqMeHr. c. 17

eA|!

1980 4

1980 4 A EarN or acneKrrre Ha Kotsrpo.a 3a KaqecrBoro Ha r3aenhFra or MaufHocrpoeHero h croKrre 3a urpoKo norp€6neB're B CCCP. c. 3 6 1380 2 KO!fi FP. ChcreMets noaxoa KlM 1? o+eH drd Ho coBo o rjAe-v". ^.9 PEIIIETOBA, Jl. XyAoxecrBeso rexH"qecka 1980 - 4 eKcneprr3a Fp"

KOrlEtqvK, B. npo.paMhpatso

OopMo 1979

l,tHOOPMALll4f X nPOnAaAHAA B OEIIACTTA HA nPOMI4UnEHATA ECTETI4KA.

hH$opMaquFta

1979

112

HEAEB, El\4. l43nox6ara "npoeKrtrpaBe 1980 2 c noMoura tsa EtrM '. c. 3'l - 3lj nEPEBEP3EB,II., P. AHTOHOB EBonbqfn Ha crcreMHqre M€roA, 1980 - 3

c.3

tlBffT

4BETO3HAHT1E. T3nOII3BAHE HA qAETA.

HEB,

KoH$epeHqhFrd

'LlB{}r

t980 ]

c.42_

l\HfnVhCKl4 cryaesru no anaitH npoerrrpar 6urapcru cyBeHyph. c. 36 37 BbI]EB,

Ha 3a au3a;sepr,. c- 15 30.

HFkoh npo6neMs

o6pa3yeaHe H, dopMh

l4cToptt8 HA npoMl,, lJtEHATA ECTETI|KA.

..3a 47.

AIl.

112

6rxeH noKa3aren B hapoA 44

aq36iH npu BHeapsBaHero Fa HoB, h3ae

Al4XyP.

lrc

112

crpyKryph 3 asroMarh3rpaNoro npoeK rxpalr. c noMo!1ra Ha anroprrMh. c. 71 79

[4 1981

1979

i<oloB,

KOCTPOS,

ru1.

nrpBaqH/

crpykrypooSpa3ysalr, en€MeNrh af3anBa. c.31 45 o6pa:yease B atr3aiHa. c.

- 23

onpeaenF crokrre or neKara npoMhrneHocr. '7 11 l\rlvvAll, CT. PonFra Ha npoMhuneHhF

EP,,ll,1X, l\4., E.,,]A3APEB, n. AySOB C;3aaaaN-" tsa doNA oi

j980

-3

CT.

)opMrre, c!3AaAeH,

1981

1980

1981

Ieolapao. c. 30 34 B5tl9EB.

An.

TexNuKara B rcropuce.Koro

pa3BrTMe Ha C

05EKT14B

{KparKa 0o

- 36 KIM hcropuFra Ha aqsarHa. 1979 1/2

Elnrapur. c. 3

u.rop"F

npoMuunej|'a Au3aha "14tsalcrpftn

a,raiN") c.94

neHa

105

Kynrypara

coLrranrcru-

plKoBoar4ren,

eecKfrecrpaHr.c.3-21. lll l,1lll KOB,

cnycari 25foarurs6Hara Ha cn.

rKoHoMhKar;

c.40

clBeqaHr,e

1980

HauuoHanHrre opraHr3aqr, 3a npoMr4u

ecrerxKa - 42

coq,lanucrrqecKrre crpaHu.

IEXAyHAPOAH14 0PrAHn3ALl.l4h nO nPOMI4lllNEHA ECTETI4KA. I1 K C

KOHKYPCI,I. [3nOXE14. HArPAAl4.

Al43AtH'81. CseroBeH xoHrpec noaq3aiiH.

19al 1

c46

tlKchA 1979 12 ]goKroMsp, 1979r. lveKcuKo. c 60 I4KCL1A. Ea/HaaeceruFr KoHrpec Ha

3/4

fiecapeeMau-79

fl4KOA,T.

c.63

1979

3/4

IM3nox6a 36-39

A l4M I4TPOB,

ACo "TlproBcKo

1980

o63aBexaaHe'c

prire'8o"

1980

cbBEt4AHrA HA OPrAHr3ALllrl4TE nO

xnTpealltE .3narsr plqe,7g,'

1979

3/4

IIEHA ECTETI4KA

c. 59

Bapua8a 1919

3/4

nPOMl4UOT COql4Afll4CTl49ECKllTE

cTPAHl4.

HATPAAI.4TE "3narNx L.41 42

_ 60 npoaaHoB, xp., fl. al4tvl,lTpoB l43nox6ara "lllBeacK, aoM" BIB

IA9EB,II.

Pon8ra Ha aq3anHa

1981

-l

c.6l -63

pa3Brrrero Ha rKoHoMrkara14 Kynrypara

(npuBercrBero cno8o, u3HeceNo Ha Ko8depeHuu8ra Ha crpa|nre qn€tsKr Fa CfiB,3 5 HoeMBpr, 1980 r.) c. 1 2 EBT!41\4O8, 148. Af3anHlr, coqfan!.r, 1981 1 ,recKuFr Ha,r'lH Ha xxBor. c. 21 25 I4BAHOB, E11,4. Ah3anHar h pa3Burfero 1981 - I Ha coufanhcruceckara hkoHoMhka. c.26 29 K,']I4CAPOB, T. Oprash3aquF a ynpaBneHre 1981 1 Ba af3aiNepcKara aeiiHoc aKryanNure 3aaacu Na au3rnNa. c. 33 33 CI]ABOE, t1B. PonAra Ha ah3aiHa nry 1981 1 peuaBaH€ro Na aKraynHtrre 3aaacu Ha Ha

coqranucrrcecK{re opaH".

nPOMl4lllIlEHATA ECTETITKA B EbnrAP[8. qEHTPAIIEH l4CTl4TvT 34 nPOMI4IIJIEHA ECTET!4KA.

KOB, T. TBopcecK, ceM"H€p "Co3onon'8o" 1980 - 3 c. 45 46 AU3A'HEPCKI4 pa3pa6orKr B UeBrpan' 1980 l

HlF

c.3

,fcriry,

3a npoMrluneHa

ecrerrka

1979.

BAXHrl aoKyMeHrr 3a p 6lnrapcKara npoMruneNa ecrerhKa. nocraHoBreHhF

65,

26, Pa3nopexaaNe Ha

N'24 oi 6 Man 1978 r., npaBrnHhK

c. 1OS

1919

1/2

llc

U!4nE.

117

AbPXABEH KoM!rer 3a Nayka I rextsq eccKf npo.pec. llpaBrntsfK 3a ycrpoicrsoro ,3aaaqqre Ha HaqhoHantsuF crBer no npo MfuneHa ecr€rfKa KlM aKHrn.c.la 72 AbPXABEH KoMfrer 3a HayKa h rexHu.

1979

3/4

1919

3t4

tsueecK! npoipec llpashnsrK 3a 3aaaq!re

ae,isocrire

qeNrp:ntsr Hcrfryr

npoMhuneNa -acrerrka. c. Ml..1H L4CTEPCKtl .!Ber. n

fHcrqryr

69.

npoM"uneNa ccrerrka.

nAnA3O8, H lpqsercrBqc no crycari l5.roaru!rHara or cl3aaBarero Ha Uets. npa 3a npoMhuneHa ecrerqKa tleHrpaneH fHcrfryr 3a npoMfuneHa ecrerrKa.

c.9

'10

1/2

Hau

87 88 XACbr\,lCKl4, M. CnoBo no cnyqan

u xyaoxecrBeHoro npoe(rupare, KoHcrpy".

15 roaauHfF o6uneii Ha t{efGpa 3a npo. Mhunetsa -ocr.rtrka. c 6 8

65or 28 Maii 1963 r 3a peuaBa|e npo bneMhre tsa npoM"uneNara ecrer!ka paBe h

o$opMnef,e

f3aenrF. c.

105

24 or 6 Man

1978.

3a noao6pF€aHe

1919

p.6o.

112

rara B o6nacrrs fa npoM, c. 115 -- 117

.lser.

l,4l,1Hl-4CTEPCK

1979

1/2

26 or 5 aBrycr 1972..3a no-HararluHo pa3sirue Ha npoMuuneHara ecreruKa. c. 108 - 114

HAT.AOEPATA a!3ziiHepcka pa3pa60rKa

B LleHrpan!rF

!Bcruryr

HAi AOEPATA B L.leFrpanH'lF

c. 11

hHcrrryr

112

t98t

3a npoMquneNa

t_l€srlp

lgtg

TIETHAAECET .oafH, LleHrlp 3a npoMh4ncra ecrerhka ueHrpaneH 46

HAII

8AKC,

I,1 14

1/2

rctg

112

TsopqecKr noprper.

1980

Kr4CK14HOB, P. OrKprBaHe tsa f3nox 6a, npeAcraBaura qacr or rBopeecrBoro My. 3 - 10 aeKeMsp, 1979 t. c 44 4E

CT.

KparKo cnoBo

MF-oro ra Bacqn CroFHoB s 6!nrap cKhB a!3atH. c. 39 40 LLIOUI E B, O. Aoc6o Cronapos. TBopqecKf noprper. c.45 46

lProHotv

F. 14Hlt{tHEpHA

1980

KUrlEAP,

Ep.oHoMrqecK,

Ha KocMrcecKuF ar3anH. c.

1g7g

ncuxonor hfl

1/2

ecrerhka. lPcaaku"ofNa

npoMtruneHaecrefuKa qeFrpaneN ufcrh-

ryl

3a npoMhuneNa

roar!,

N E PCO

Hl.1KO,'1O8.

1919

fpoMrurefa

atr3anHepcKa pa3pa60rKa

ecreruKa 3a 1980 r. c.

nETHAAECET

igTg

ecreriKa. c.

3a npoMuun-oHa

c.46

ecrcrhRa 3a 1978

112

108.

CbBET. pa3nopexaaHe

I\414Hl,1CTEPCKt1 N"

nbPBO traceaaHhe Ha

1919

1g1g

1/2

npo6neMu

lvlAHYEB, 14. KoHcraHrtsocr ero h 3oHa Ha pa3npeaeieHocr

]979

R!3npfsru 1980

tsa

npocrpar

Bt43yAJlHA KOMyHt4 KA414S. npo[414u]n EHA

IPAOI4KA.

0Tbll Aiixep

Br3yanso-.paduqH6ra

AAPAAUKA, ll., A. Kapacosa, 3. ABopxak l\le6en, 3a nexaNe, cnaHe.

1979

rhMnrncKure h.pr. c.4l 58_ Bunur, A. AUH 32A30 npasuna sanpoeKrL.lpaHe ra rpagrqH14 3HaLrr. c_ 30

3/4

1919

s/4

Av3atHepq. c.25

I14lvll,4TPoB,A. nnaKar,'O,1rMnraaa,80,,

1979

1/2

qAnKHEXT, L npc.paaH, creHx or Me6enr. c. 13 - tB

1979

3/4

i979

3/4

1979

3/4

1879

3/4

1919

3/4

1919

3/4

1979

1/2

cpeAa Ha A

(l\4ocKBa).

3HAUI4TE

c.92

,93

no.cKopo HayKa, orKon

f3KycrBo. c. 36 42 IEHK, KUl. Bf3y:rsa uHdopMau F 3a tpaaa nOA3.c.2A 24 [lArOHcKA, A. B,3ya,Ha "HdopMarr,F 3r tpaaa xEIl3tt1HKt4.

-36

Roro

c.24

nIKTOTPAili4 3a rpafcnopra. (rlCCp)

N.29

cEAflA'lEK, kaqrs Ha

Op.

Bf3yanHara /<oMyHq

Merporo 3 npara. c.42

CPEICTBA Ha rpa6x,H,,F ah3anH ip,r

cr3AaBa|ero Na npoMfune|u u3aerua

c.3

E.3y6apeBhe

(oMVHxKau4F 3a

yqrnrLrra. c. 84 _ 86

PfEYlUl,.1H, r(oMnneKceH

Bq3yanHa

Heqo Ha

noBeqe

cpeaara

c3_

Me6enr oi

crno6

!yxAecrpaHHr,

1980

980

1/2

KOMnIEKCHO O63AAEX4AHE HA NPO143BOACTBEHATA CPEAA. COnAA-roB, L EcrerrqecKx acneKDr rpr, yclBapueBcrBase ycnoBrsra Ha rpyEa B npoMruneNocrra. c.45 60

1919

a143ArlH 34 AE4A. AETCKA rparvHa

aaHe Ha aercKa

AefuH.e! (rap).

1980

KoMnnekcHo o63asex c. 34 _ 38

I980

1980

cras

U€roaonorqqecKf 3a

nlo6r[tOBA, f. CncrrrdrKa Ha npocrpaHcraeNara cpeaa 3a aeqa E kirfulara I s aer. cKtre 3aBeaeNua... 23 25

r\,1OCKAEBA, A. npeaMerHhFr csFi npe3 norneAa ra aeLtara, aeqara npe3 no.ncaa Ha Ax3anHepa. c.26 _ 30 PELIJEHI4E s 6Ano. c.4t - 43

Cl\lOIiffHOB, 1980

198A

ocHosh Ha npoeKr pasero Ha cpeaa u.ph Ha aetra. ..31 31

i4E5EJlt4

IAt4,

[3aenhF

KPI,lXAHOBCKA,

cfPAAU.

ar3arH

-24 llEEEn.

At4MVTPAB,

0l4flEHKOB, tO.,

HA)KVnlr'.ll4,Hu

c.19

c.38-40

XOMNIEKCHO Os3ABEXAAH€

12,

aaHe tsa aercku

Me6en!, 3a otuaBex

.paa!!r. c

_ 22

1980

A3Ey9EH yKA3ATEn HA MATEp Anl4TE nySnVKyBAHn B 14 H O O pM A Ll 14 O H H !t n 6toIIETl4H "AU3A'.H" npE3 nEp!!OAA 1 9 7 8 19 81 rOA14HA AHTOHOB,

AXO,']A,

-3 -3 '1979 -3/4 19S0 1980

tO.

avnvx, a. ft4Ko8,

1980 1981 1919

f14KoB,

1980

BbNEB. CT. gbN9EB, AII.

aAr\l, v. AAPAAI..IKA, N.

3 4

1980 1980

3/4

AAqEB,I]. ABOPXAK,34. a!4xyP, A.n.

t98t ts80

a14NrrlTPOB, A.

1919

n. a14l\tt4TPoB, t]. alttu1l4TPoB, n. av6oB, n.

1919

r980

3/4

EBT14I\,1O8, I,4B.

1981

EPr, ,1X, M.

1979 1/2 1981 1980 2 1980 - 4

al,1l\,1I4TPOB,

14BAHOB,

EI\,1,

KAPACOBA, A

K,IENKA,IO.

1980

1980 1979

1919

KI4CK14HOB, P,

1980 1981 1979

KONEfi9YK, B. KOCTPOB, A. KOTOB, t0. KOql,,l, FP.

KPi4XAHOBCKA, H.

II43APEB, ]"I. IIEHK, KI]I. 4A

3 4 112 1

KJ'I14BAP,I\'1.

Knr4cAPOB,

980

1979 1980 1980

t/2 1 1

1/2 4 112

2 1

,1/2 1979 -3/4

1919

c.3-8 c.31 35 c. 30 36 c.30 34 c.3 36 .. 63 64 c.45 46 c.12 -16 c.19 24 _ ..1 2 c. 19 24 .. 15 30 c. 92 93 c. 61 63 c. 36 39 c. 34 38 c.31 -45 c.21 25 c.31 45 c.26 - 29 c.1S - 24 c- 11 23 c. 80 83 c.44 - 45 c. 30 33 c.6l - 71 c.3 6 c.71 79 c.9 12 c.31 37 c.31 - 45 c.20

-24

6 t4 t\,10 BA, T. I\4AfOHCKA, A. [4AHI]EB,

1980

I\II,1HEB, A.'I,

1980

]\]IOCKAEBA, A.

Myy at , cr. HEAEB, E [I.

-l -2 1980 - 2

Hl,4KONOB, CT.

1980

NAN43OB, H.

1979

NEPEAEP3EB, N.

1980

nPoaAHoB, xP.

1919 1980

,,1l0

r980 1979 -

CEANAqEK, AP, CI]ABOB, 14 B,

1981

1980 1919 1979 1980

ctrlo,,tflHoB, K. B.

xAcb[/tcKt4,I\,1. XOOIIIAH. A.

llll,llllKoB, B. luolllEB, o. IIAIIKHEXT,

1981

AN.

conaAToB,

1980

PEIIIETOBA,II, PE E YL]] I,1H,

1919,3/4 1980 4

1980 1980

112

3/4 4 2 314 1 1

1/2 1/2 3

-3 -4 -

AOnYCFATU rPEUlKr,l B 6PO, l/1942

Tekcrtr

1980

crp 40,

Dea

c.23 25 c.24 - 28 c.24 29 c.42 44 c. 26 30 c.38 47 c.3r-33 c. 39 40 c.9 - 10 c.3-8 c.6l - 63 ..1 11 c.3 I c.42 46 c.3 21 c.15

-22

c.45 60 c.6 8 c.9 14 c.40 42 c.45 46 c. 13 t8

32 aa ce qere:

" BeHKo Ul,uKoB UeHftpa 3a Havcdo rexHf EcKa 4N$opMaqua npu ueHrpanH,F B .y6nfK.q,Fra

PelaKq,Fra Mon,

crp 44 "Cpdqa c ascrpfrc(ha a,rarH B 6ep

PeAakuuoHHa KonerxF

tHx, MlHko XaclMcku rnaseH peAaKrop r.c. CreSaH Bu$, apx. AHren TeprhHoB, .Hx. Teopr" KnhcapoB, CrorH HhxoroB, apx. ToAop MraAeHoB, k.,.H,

14BaH

CiaBoB,

A-p Hrkonai fpaAxHapoB, AceH KoreB, Ao6por66 neuxH, BeHKo UfuukoB PeAakropi KptrcrxHa l!ansapAxreBa

XyaoxHxk: qBeraH tlrreB Koptsqa: Ll8eraH 14rxeB TexH. peaakrop: AneKcaHA!p flyKoB CHhMKe: Hrkonan KyreB, Bacxrka

flEroB6, Co+xF ApMerkoBa UunE Ha6op: UeHrlp 3a HaycHo-rexHucecka ,r+opMaquH np! qInE

IVIoHrak.cr: KpacuMrpa 9eqkoBa

Anon "o$cerrpa6rk" - k,oH Ttpax: 1500

1, codhF