Българският дизайн 1981 - 1986 by Industrial Design Bulgaria

L!v13A7{H

HFB+"fi

N POMI4I.IJAEHA ECTET14KA

U3dtHuero

nocsereHo Ha

Xlll

RoH2be

ra E.rzapcKara RovyHurrr"*""

"r;r*

SbArAPCKltfiT .[7l3A7lH ',91-'96

CoqubnucturqecKuBt

,uMa eacf of

t)u3anH

cLepeMeHBara Hlr

Her)e-

Ryt-

rypa, atpa3qsa e npaMuutneHL 6ap

af pa3sufuefa Ba

npou3aodLf-AnHrfe cutu u npou3 sadctBeBute a6accrco. TaRa 5e u npe3 u3ntta

np* OcMaft netunetKa ead-paLat ofpac6n 6 npoMuuteHocffa Ma uruHacfpoeHefo.

noctDxeHua npedu ecueKo 3 kacec B npauBadctB() Huu

ot Mefanoa5Pa'afeaqu

Mautu Hu u eduHru .taMLhuu crpveoee. Yc-

na, nopuetaH paHu xpaHutenHr craKu u dpvru. 5 bn zapcKa rc npoMu uneHa npo dy K uD3 a6pau RhM ,o3u xapBo4fu 4a

MexdyhapodHus na3ap, ysenuea6a

ce HenHata Kotuse.:rceHa u teeHo yeacfue

Kaeec

uHterpauuoHHute npcuecu e cucreMafa Ba cu8.

Au3airbr e nepuoda MeNt)y Xll u Xlll Ko4?pec Ha 5Rn doctuz|a no eucoKa paBHuqe Ha c6afeer c

raue Ha .oqtran Ba-u

oHoMu cecK

re 3adacu, no gucaKa cfeneg

pa3-

euroct u op.arwupaHDcr, Ba reop ,ecKa 3pFnocr D np06ecuosaru.M. t,e3cnop4a e, ee.lu3anH6t e nany-

eoasaf ce npD6teMHo opuesupaHu MukponpauecapHu au abHulBu 3anaMeta1aqu ycrpoi

nspeH

crea, Mu4u u MaKpoKaMnprpu, po6otu c pa3nueho npedBa3Hac-pHue.

duianHepcKute npo6teMu ot crpaHa Ha tuupo< Kp6. cnequanuctu a c6epara Ha npDMuuneHoro npou3

npou3eexdat ce qsersu reneeu

e c'apeMe9Bofo

66neapcKa

a6qectea. npet) oeute Hu Hapacrsa uHrepec6f u c'npucacljero k3M

3uaqHu npueMHuqu u ayduoau3yat c eucoKu nafpe6u.

eodctBo, t.pzoeuBn u a6ctyxsa.

rercKu ceonctea npodhtxaea ca3

Te3u natoNuL.neD npollecu ca c pa3sufuefD ra Haqua3a Au3anh u no yKpensaHe u pa3uu. pFBaBe Ha denHoctra Ha ue'rya,

daeaHerc Ha sosu o6pa3ttu KocMu

A xod e npau3Bot)crcoro Ha nepcneKrusHu MadetD aefo6ycu, rpaKrapu, ereKtpa- u MotaKapu. O5uou$ecrHu ca noctuNeBusra Ba nodotPacturc Ha teKara npoMuuneHoct, Ha npou3eoacrcan, cgl,piaHu c npepa6oreaHefa Ha cetcKocronaH ckara npadyKuuF. Ha na3apa 6nu 3at Haeu a6pa3uu Me6enu, feKcrut, o6te<no, o'veKu. u3detuA ot ctLK

cebp3aHu

Hu3 uHcfuryr 3a npaMuuneHa ecre.

fDKa, c ycbsaptuehclByeaqefa Ba a5qecrceHoa)bpxas4aro Haearo e ynpasneHuera Ha Kynfypara d c

aKtuBHata pats Ha c6na Ha 2apcKure xyt)axhDttu.

np* nhp. ra AO.rc 2..rtH

Pa3eutuero Ha )u3an4a

ce xapaKtepu3upa c npaKfueecku anutu da ce npeMuHe K6M KoM

Mexdyarpacnaeo

npoeKtupa4e. Haruue de1quF Ha u3eecrHa

e u

feH

paMKufe Ha DBcfuryuuaH4afo npa fusaBe Ha du3aiHnpaqeca, Kaafo e tFcHo caLp3aqa Heo'xoduMoctta ar pa3?hpdafa 06 LUe

cre e H o

o qe H

b eHa

pa 60 f a.

npoMeHute e crpykrypara Ha npa u3eodcrcoto u norpe6ne1uerc, o6a

acopfuMeHra Ha npedMetute 3a uupoKo norpe6te fopMupaHe Ha

tu4Hafa, o6aecrceHara u

npoD3

eadcreeBara .peda ce ot?aj4aat 3 c6ofeefrDTe npaMeHu B crpyKfypa Au3anHepcKa denBoct

na-Harar6uHaro pa3eutde Ha Mex dyHapodHoro pa3t)eneHue u uHrez pupa4e Ha ryyita, npaD3eadcrearo u o1cnyxsaHera

na nuquF Ha CtlB

cnoMaea 3a na qetecba6pa3Hato Ha coeeaHe Ha du3anHa KhM KoHKpetHu Banpaene4DR D pa3uupeHu HoMeH ktarypau 2pynu or npedMett u

npedMefsu cucfeMu Ta3D npaqec e oco6edo do6pe u3aBeH 3 o6tactra Ha du3anHa Ha eteKtpaHHD!3eucnu-

Mefanapexequre Mauusu u opyzu.

np*

cnedeaqara

nerutetKa Mexdy4apodHoto

tpydBueectso e a6nactta Ha du3an Ha CUA ce Hacacea

K6M npoeKrupaHero, npou3eodcfBaro, o6cryxaaqero u oueHKafa

\eneHacoeeHacr.

3a npedMefHure crpyKrypD e aroM. eHepzetuKa, Matu3upa4u npousodcrBeHu cuc-

KnacueecKan "crpyKrypBa 6ap

reMu a Meranoo6pa6orgautafa npa.

Karc o6xeat u

Haft

Myna" Ha du3anHa: u3cne)ea4e npaeKfupaae-npau3eadcfea na

fex4uKa, MeduuuHcKaro o6cnyx

rpe6te4ue a5u.Pcteeha aueqKa

eaHe

Bce

npou3eodcreofa Ha croKu

noeeee c.. Han6tea c KaBKperHa c6.

3a uupoKa norpe6teHDe. Acueko faea eodu do pa3uupFea1e u ia-

npe3 nepDoda 1981 1946 ,. ce npoBexaar ntpaute 3ad6n6o'!eHu

A6r6osaeaHe Ha reapcecK0rc koq

npoyceaHus Ha cauuaRytfypdure u c o u ua tH o t c u xon a z u q e c K u fe paKfepucfuKu

cbepaft Ha notpe6teHueta,

pa3pa-

6orear ce MeroducecKute ocHaBu

npoeKrupaHe

ctpyktypu. otdetB

npedMerHD

tu3u

npednpoeKtHure aHaHa npou3eadcrceHo.rexHoto-

zucHaft 6a3a/ Ha norpe6uretcKufe Hyxdu u rhpceHe u dpyzu, 3a n?be

e Ko4KpefeB feoperusecKu u npaKfueecKu nta4 npo6teMurc Ha duatiHa, qetec6o6pa3 aara 6opMa Ha npedMefurc u cne ttu6uKatu Ha couuanucrueecius Ha.

raKfu Mexdy du3anrepurc a, ca' uuaruc fu eecKofe crpaH u. re3u KoH raKttl ce pa3suBat sa pa3nueHu paB Huua. c'fpydHueecfeofo ce ocaqecrcaea npedu

aa eode4ufe dapxaeHu uHcrufyfu u apeaHu3aqD 3a du3an, ot cryaHuCU8, kouro eeee na

aese ar dse dec""tunelua no)ddpNat te3u ep'ku. I noc!1ed4o epe Me ce yeenueaea u npu4oc.f Ba c6: tu3ufe Ha xydowHuuufe a c\aMecf Hafa pa6on 3a npo'ecuo4arHo rqoprecka peanu3zqus He du3anBe

pufe of couuatucfueecKafa 064' Ot eucarata Ha rpercrc cu aecetu,etue 6bnzapcKu4r du3aiB ce oeep-

raea Rarc do6pe Pa3eura u apzaHurupaBa deiBact e coquarDctueecKa

fa Hu Kynrypa, npodyKquafa My orpai4ea narep6xdaaaLqara ce ca. quanHo-uKaHaMueecRa onpaaaa. Hocf, rcopeecKa ip1noct u npo6e O4eeu)Hu ca, a5ale, u HR Kou Hec6e 6pue4crea, He pe ueHu nPo6neMu u Heu3non3saHu 663MoN

Hocru e npaKtuKafa da Hauus du iaiH. ftagHuFt npo6neM e ece oqe HeOocrar'eHota eKtneBaHe Ba du 3an4a e npouecure Ha 6apMLpaBerc 3a0a30n3eaBe aa

cotluaraa.a nopieKa 3a nofpe6ufencKu ctpyKtvpu Ha npoMuwne Hu usOetua e cbareercreue c npuH

qunure Ha

coquanucfueeckua BaeuH

fe,

c6r4ecfeyaar

MexAy a6yeeHuero Ha Mtedure du 3aLlHepu u crcpeMeqBurc, sce na eucoKD u3ucKeaHuR K.M ou3adHa u du3anhepcKan npo6ecuR. He e u32padeHa u3qana npedeudeHa. fa cfpyKrypa Ha Haquosan4ara cuc rcMa 3a du3anH no tepDtopDanu, Mexdyorpauae, oryactos u npou3

aodcfeeH npuHuun. HedoctatbsHo aKtuB4a u dencrBeHa e pa6otua Ha HaquoHanHUR cbeer 3a npaMuuneBa ecteruka. EcusKu rc3u depeue4u npo6neMu u Hedocrarbqu uMar 3a nacnedcreue: u3octaeaHe e peanu 3upaHefo Ha 3aaaeure, nacraeeHu nped du3anHa B A6n.acpoeHaft nap runHa npozpaMa 3a nado5pkeaHe Ha

Kacecrcoro, dedacrat6cHo yeactue

xuaof- E6npeKu

otpaseHu e dencrcyealqute naptun

Ba du3adBa

Ho-npaeurencfeeHu dokyMeBfu. fo He cc ocuzypaea Ha ecuqkL paakuuta Ha nnaHupahero e cuc.eMara Ba npau36odcteorc u 06

u1 Ha fa, a6qec fseHata u npau3eadctqekara hpeaMer Ha npocfpaHcfBeHa cpeda; 3aryyd HeHUA ullu usacfaaaHe aha e4edpa

u.Ecreehoro o6ctyxeaHe.

zpaxt)aHe Ha xunD

eacr

noeeee

ta otpacnu Ha npaMDareHoctE

e acurypeHo

ueque u3zparkdaHerc Ha qenecbo 6pa3Hu 6opMD Ha npoMuwre4Dre c sucoRu ecretucecKu

u3denuR

du3an

HepcKufe pa3pabarKu: HaRLpflsea. He Ha ioPMupautuF ce o5uecrse4 cfafYf Ha du3anHa I AL3anHep|re.

no.Haraftudoto pa3eurue u yc.

sbpuehcrcyaaBe ha du3anBa rpR6ea Aa ce onupa Ha npeocMucnhHerc 0 pa3uupaeasera

Oegpftea ce Kotueecrceqa L Kaeec Ha Haycs0te cnedeaHua

uBbopMa4uoaHato o

cu.ypasa9e Ba du3anqa. KpanHo He docrarhceH e HavcHuFt nateqquan a ra3u a6ract. He e cb3)adeH docera HaquoHaneH dHfopMaquaBeH du-

3aidue4r6P. Hatuue ca onPedetehu Hedocrar64u a nad2oroeKara 4a du3anrepckute Kadpu-Karo uqna He e peweH npo6neM.r xa credaunroM Hata rcatu6uRauua Ba AuiandepD

3adaeu, Kouro nacta aB

Xlll KoHrpec

Ba naprusra, kara

eaHaepeMeHHo c rcea ce 0ade eepeH

otzosap Ba HepeaenLrc hpo6neMu

ce npeodaneqr cbqecfeyeaulufe

Hedocrar6qd u He'nazanonyruq. I rcga ce cbctuu eduHctserata atfep Hatuea 3a au3anHa

re#ueeH faKrcp e pa3eutueto ra cauuatucfueecKafa Hu Kynrypa npei cnedsaaufe 2oduhu.

KoMnp16p "npa.eq 16.,

a1tupu 3.\.! ne uLH,

ar.

Bacdte6,

M'. )Ker'3Koe, ?aPa6.

rpl

B Bhr8d. 6Dadn0ee

arM0ru, eMan'rp.HL

Aercpu: K HuKatecB.

AIl3AIZHEP14TE

3A A'134'HA

3a ABaae€er roahHu

opraH,i3HpaNa Ha ax3ansa 6e HarpynaB 3Ha'rrreneH onrr. Hanhqe

aerHocr ca

s o6nacrra

3rcoK, nocTrxeHqE ra aaux arl-

3anBep,

ar3arHepcKq KoneKruB, Ha orae. nHu r3aenua, taKa u Na $aM,ruu ot ,3aerrF. He3aBrcxMo or ycnexure, HanpaeeHoro 8ce ou.re e Kpairo H€-

kaKro npu npoeKrhPaNero

aocraracBo, ocs6eHo npea Bua ocsoBFara 3aaaqa. npox3-

RepuxHu etekrparu

6epL c rcBapo.odeM Hoct2u4roHE A@topu: EM. Madonoe. UHN M naenoaE

utad6B.ut"a

Ae,opu: K. CMarEroe.

E,ArdoHoea.rcxr.cneq.

r!eaqa or o6lrecrBeroro pa3srrxe npoMhunefara npo4yKqrn q ra yc-

noBuFra Na rpya, oraux u 6rr Ha rpyaell|re ce. 3a 4a ce yclB!pues-

crByBa ax3aiHepcKara aeiBoc aa c€ noByr!r eoeKrrBHocrra Ha pe3ynrarure or Hea, Heo6xoarMo e no-

3aaln6oqeHo aa 61ae aHanx3HpaHo Nacrof,uroro clcroaHhe 3a Ar3aiHa s Hauara crpaHa, ycnoBrsla B Ko,1ro ce pa3Brsa; cscreMHo aa 6raar Pa3KprBaHr oHe3f npeqKu u rpya, 3a6asFr pa3eurhero My u 8nk3Ft orpuLlarenHo Brpxy ec-

rerhrlecKrf, o6nxK Ha

po Mr-1lrn e,

PeAaKqsFra Ha ,3aaHHero npoBeae HFKOnKO Cpeq' pa3rosoprl c tr3 nKNarx Hau6 a!3aiHepr, no-

'rrrro crrxeNrF s pa3nrLrfh o6racrq fa ar3aiHa ca h3Becrf'4 ra o6'!ecr3€Nocrra. u€nra fa pa3roBopure 6e,aa 6raar r3rlKHatr 3arpyaHeNhFra I npeqKrr€, Kor4ro ce cpeurar s npoqeca sa BHeapFsaHe Ha ar3a;HepcKur€ Pa3Pa6orK, B cepuiHo npou3.

slpxy ecrernqecKuu o6nfK Ha KpaiNrF npoayKr. OrcrpaHFBaNero Ha re3x

npecKu

TenHo,3a aa ce noao6Pu Kacecrso'

ro!1 qFrocrHus o6rfK

Ha npoMhu'

''Xe6poc . lun PA 5Al.

Ao,opt:

EM.

tdE4oto.,

*_,e

B pa3roBopa

B3exa yqacrke ar3ari' Hepure: An€xcaHAlp BachneB h Ca. !!o Aparafo8 /ar3anH Ha eneKrpoFHa a.apalypal, PYMeH KucxhfoB

/aqraif ra

ayanoeq:yanfa rexxu'

Kal. KoHcraHrfH CMonEHoB /a,3anB

MauruHocipoeHero/, BnaarcraB

lllMrar v l\,lapus

HeAko8a/ax3anN

o6neKno - l-lHCN4/,EMunrB 9ay JoBa larca Ha aercKr r.pacKr/, Ha

EMnnxF naNanoroBa /ah3ais

crl'(ro

nopqenaH/, napacKeBa Ay-

RoBa /A,3ahtl Ha clo6urqrensa rex-

KaKau 3arpydHe9u4 cpeulare npu eHedpaaaHera Ha du3an4epcKata pa3pa6arKa a npou3eodcraara u RaK But<dare orctpa1aeaqeto uM? AnekcaNArp BactlneB: Pa36rpa ce, 3arpYANeHiF

fMa. HFKos or

rFX

npe{Ka 3a nocliraHe ha Ao6p{ pe3ynrrrr. HanprMep, Bce

oule HepeureHrFr Blnpoc aa aBrop. cxr,1F KoHrpo,l. B ocHo83! nxHer rooa o3Naca3a, ve MaKap, pa3pa6o-

reN no noplqKa,

av3aiHepcKrlFr npoeKr Karo npaBrro fe ce sKn'oc.

Maaunyrarap 3a n.Ke

AetoMEt ra Mdzrrtd. o6Pa6atkE

Aatupu: R. redceaa.

Morckap "Pekkap"

Aenpu:

EM. MaHotoa,

urx.

M. naarbea

x BlPxy +opMsra h3aeneero. Bl3 3p!3Ka c roBa yMecrHo e aa ce cnoMeHe, 3a raKa HapeqeHyre'eKcnPecHxrr npoeKrv. 3aaacara 3a npoeKrxpaHe ce flocraBF Ha Au3airepa B clKpa'teHh cpo_ KoBe. Au3aiH€pcKara pa3Pa6orKa e roTosa eaBa nh Ne 3. Meceq aaa. Cnea rosa Au3aiHepcK,lar nPoeKr Karo ce ,H e "3a6PaBeH" or Bt3no' Ha pa3pa6orKara

pyKropcKata aoKyM€HrauhF, cny_ x€Lua 3a oeate3xpaHe Ha u3aenr€' ro, C Apyrr AyMr4,

rop Ba

aB_

h clBerBa npor3soarrens ToBa,

o6ace,

Ar3aiNeplr

Ha npoekra Moxe aa Ha6noaa_

re lle

aoeea€ ao p€3ytrarr,

pa3nuqHrl 0r ao6prre floxenaa{F

e clBerr, npenoplKtlr€

ar3ai'

Nepa Morar aa ce B3eMar noa B3r'1MaBhe,Ho re Be ca 3aalnxrrerN, no

npocraia np quHai 're aq3aiHepc_ KhFr npoeKr He e qacr or KoHcrpY'

foavNa

Kappo6ot.Ho@t

Aercpu: C.

. por'

aqd*oe.

aocra alnro BpeMe Att, aop^ ase, Easa cnea peanr3aquf,ra Ha

pa3_

KTOPCXATA AOKYM€HTAUUA-

cauo Apa.aHoB: npo6reMtr 3a aBropcKuF Konrpo, e BeoraenhM or Blnpoca 3a clrpyaHfeecrBoro Mex_

ay Ar3aiH€pr.., pecn€Krharo ai3air' 11€pcKo 6bpo, u KoHcrpykropcKo 38e30. Bc€ oue sFr raKa: npli

B€c€ h3rorBeHa KoHc'

rpyKLrqs aa ce pa3pa6ortl ax3aiHa Ha r3aenuero, qeclo KoHcrpyKLruF' nph ra e Bece r3BecrHa, npu'13not3BaBa rosa nonoxe-

apyrq usaenv,a. Hr€ Ha an3aiHa ce pa3crra, qpe3 o6-

nrKa aa t'puaaae Ha h3lendeio Ho8oci B a 3anNeo.

cKoro 6npo B raKusa cnyqau qecro

B!3HrKsa Brnpoclr, Heo6xoarMo nf e aa ce cr3aasa Hosa o6srBKa qecro MopanHo u3HoceHa KoHcrpyKqtrs. KoMY e Nyxfo raKoBa h3aenhe?

Kan enn 6u tp46eana da 3anoeHe

aeTapcKuaf KaHrpon?

Ca0o AparaHo8:

A,3anHePcKuFr

KoNrpon hnu NeKa ro

HapeqeM

clrpyaHuqecrso, rpF6sa aa 3anoq_ Ha npoTorrna,

cn€a roBa Ha uHcrpyMeHranHara eKhflhpoBKa. nph f3pa6orsaHero 8a

eKhnxPoBKa

qe_

'1HcrPYMeHranNara cro ce pa3KPusar cta6ure Mecra Ha

KoscrpyKrHBHara p.3Pa6orKa, ct_ 6c crorBerHara rexHono_

o6pa3eHa

rhs. nry ct3aaBaHe

Na sHcrpyMeN_

rarHa ekuiepoeka ce Hanarar r3Me_ €n4AHHe

slPxy cteaBaqhre

eranu

pa6orxara.

np$

roBa BPeMe ca

Kroprr orroBaPa 3a sHeapFssHero, B roaa cscno H 3a rHcrpyMeHranHa'

o6nacr, Koqro, ecrecrBeHo, He ca orqereHh 3!3 Beqe ocrapenrF npoeKr' Taka, oure npea, a€ ce npor3seAe e3aenuero, HeroBfFr o6nrr e Mo'

ra eKrnxPoBka, roi, nPrrecHar or

PvMeN KxcKuHoB: Haxou MoMeHrY

ranHara eKunuposKaT qecfo npous' e odu f en u te u 3f b k ea t a P. y M eH fa /.G

aBropcKrlF KoHrpon 6Fxa onpe_ u B f3BecrNa crener p€rna_ Merrhp"H, c 6AC l5 001-1976r., npepa6oreH nPe3 1981 roahHa B ro3, craHAapr, o6aqe, pe0aBaHero xa Hai-clulecrBeHxs sanPoc ro3,

aeneHh

3a aeicrBeHuF Konrpon Ha ar3ai_ Hepa

slpxy

BHeapFBaHero H3 !3ae_

ao Kpai. 3auo ce nanyeasa raKa? PyMef KrcKrHos. B craHAapra nPa'

nrero,

He e aoEeAeHo

soMepHo ce pa3rnerqa xYAoxecrBeHrFr npoeKr, or o6!]BF nPoeKr. B ro3, aoKY' MeHr, o6ace, Ne € B3er noa BsuMa_ Hre daKrlr, ce ar3aiHePcKrFr nPocneuhdrKa, KoFto c€ orHacF ao uflrocrHuF o6Pa3 Ha u3'

aenrero, o6pa3!t Na i3aenfero ce onpeaetF oure or hHcrpyMeHrrre,

Kouro qe 6ta€ npor3sexaaHo AKo c€ Banpa8h, HanPsMeP, eAHa dyra npu ,HcrpyMeHrsr€, ra3, qrY' ra qe ce noFBaBa BrB ac'1qKtl r3aerhs, aopf , aKo,rhncBa s ar3aiHep cKfF npoeKr. 14 rln Karo KoNcrpv_

o6croFiencrBart, "x€PrEYBa" o6' pa3a Ha r3aenrero, 3a Konro oaKrv. qecKu ne Hoc, orroBoPHocr.

KaK crou ebnpo.br c uHctPYMeH'

csdaeaHerc

ocK6naBa usdetile'

PyMeH K"cKrHoBr CxaaBaHero Ha HH€TPYMEHTANHAT' CK'N,1POSKA XM€

frBecrrq,roHeH xapskrep. B HeF ne ce sKnpqsa qeHoo6pa3yBaH€ro, rli Karo ro3H Brnpoc e 313ros s nPr_ 6opocrpoeHero, B eneKrPoHnKals,

apyrx o6nacrr1,3 Korro pa6ota; ao ,3Boaa, {e, MaKap , aa e cKlna, uHcrpyMeHranHara eKrnqPoBKa He ocKlnFBa u3aenhe ro. HanporuB: eaHa ao6Pe Hanpase_ Ha, clspeMeHHa rHcrPyMesratHa

eKfnrPoBKa aonp Haci 3a no'necHOrO nnacxpaHe H€ ff3aenhero,3a My DPceHe.

apyr{1

avMr, uHcrpyMeHrrre peuasar no_ c!a6a Ha n3aenvero u nPeA, Bcl4eKo Haurure, Ar3siiHep_ O<a3ea ce, qe e6npocdt 3a uHcrPY'

MeHfatHafa e<unupoeKa e Heafde' nuM or npa6teMa 3a aetapcKuq Ko' swon. KaK eutcdate pa3peuaaaBe' 17

fa Ha abrpoca 3a astapcKua RaHf' pat ,a au3aiHepa 6bpxy areapsea Helo

u3denuaft?

AneKcaHAlp Bacrne€ 3a aa 6!Ae

aeircrBeH aeropcKhnr Kotstpor, rpF6B€ npear Bcrcko B koHcrpyK' ropcKara aoKYMetsrauhF aa 6!ae H€pa3aenHaLracr au_

3aiiNepcKhst nPoeKr. ToBa o3Haqa ce aape! c noanuca na Eoaeu.ihF KoHcrpyKrop, rpF6sa aa cioe v noanfclr Ha BoaeLlrF PyMeH KhcKqlos: AKo roBa Ne ce BanpaBri ure npoalnxasa aocerau

Hara

npaK?ska

ar3anHepc(rFr

npoeKr e ao6po MOXe Aa Ce B3eMe nOA ah/MaHre

3oa€u.rere npoeKraHrru npoq38o'

arrenh,

tso MoKe

6e3HaKa3aHo aa

KoHcrasrhF CMonFHoB i rlecro nliu KoHrponlr Na Ar3aiHepa npr aNea psBaHero Ha h3a€nfero e $opMa

nelr af3aiBeplr

3ue np/ roroBo u3a€nue, pecneK rreHo o6pa3eu. ToraBa sece e Mar Neqo ae e Bapea, Na A43anHepa 3e ocraBa Buulo apy_ ro, ocseN aa ce clrnacu c pa3pa6ot kara, a aop, I aa H€ ce clrnacr

KaK60

0r rosa? HrKon

He tsoci

lv4fcnF, qe rp8tua 4a ce noBArrf"o

B!npoclr 3a raKa BapeceHoro "na' " NarpHo" u:rn!nH€Hre. aa noFcHF npeanprFrhFra, npeacrassi'Kh cBo'

Fra npoayKqfF 3a

nnosarBcKhF MospeH nasa'4p, Bna.ar He caMo no_ Be!€ crapaNMe np, u3pa6olKara Ha h3aenheTo, Bo h3non3ear Marepfanu, noKphrriF ! eneMeHr/, cnequan

Ho +/Na30paH, apyraae, Ha as3aiHeprr€ c€ 3!3na

ra aa 3a6lpKBar 6ou, aa ,3Blpu8ar rpashqNoro oaopMneHre 3a MFcro x T.N. - feut€, (orro ca HeMhcnfM, npu p€aoeHoro npo{3BoaclBo. H€' u.ro noBeqe cneqranHhte o6pa60r' Kh u noKprrus, x3non33aHr 3a "naHafpHoro {3aen{e", ce fprnarar ea

oKparlo, 3a peaoBf oro npou3Boapa3notoxeBre, qecro

6s3 aa c"" cro6pa3FBar c uBeroBoro otbopMneBhc, nococeNo 3 af3atNeP_ cKrs npoekr. B pe3ynrar Na naHa

,pa ce nonycaaa

HeBFptsa Kaprhtsa

r3aenxero. a3 nf!Ho clM nporhB h3Mexay ekcnoHarf re N3 naBafpa aa ce noa6hpar h3aeaa ce nphcrxaar Meaanr I oco6eso alpxaBHarz Na .paaa i 3narf" plqe '. npo6n€M, Konro e ocfoBeN B pa6o rara H,, e rpadrkara

seiiHoro r'ipaxupaNe

BaNe,

syBa

crBo ce ynorpe6FBar

nonaraNe

slpxY f3a€nxs, MadhHq, 060pYA eaHe. KaKBo c€ nonyqaBa Ha npaK

rrKa? tlo.PaFo rMaxMe o.PoMHh npo6neMf or rexNono.fqecKo ecre crso 3a B!3npof3BexAaNe',1 np/Kp€iBafe ia .paqyqHxre eneM€Hr,. Or HFkonKo roafHr 3aBoAlr 3a ipoMruneNa .paQ'1K3 "CneKr!p' CnfBeB vMa clBpeMeNsf B!3

t€xfonorqF, o6opya-

Marepfanr. TyK, o6aqe, aencr-

NapeeeHfFr "cy6€KrrBeH

rfakrop". P}(oBoacrBoro Na 3aBoaa cqf ra, ce cneLlf antrcture, pa6oreurs raM, ca B clcroFf11e aa pa3pa60rEar rpa4rfcHh eieMeNrh, Kofro rl3qnno

aa o6cnyxBar npoMruneHoro npo-

f3Boacrso. EaBa nr, o6aqe, e Br3MoxBo E 3aBoaa aa ce orc ra LrFno

ro MHo.oo6pa3fe

Ba npoMqun€Hara

npoAykuiF Ne caNro upfd,roBe, No x Karo pa3Mepf, pa3pFAk, q np. Heqara TpF6Ba aa ce npoMeNar, npoayKqrjF

vMa clBpeMefeH .pa.!fqeN o6nf K.

nlr 3a E3ahM No pa36fparencrBo. nPeara.anf

TpF6Ba aa ce HaMepf

cM€ crrpyasxq€crBo no rpa$!qNrre npoeKrr, fo no pa3nrqN, npr!f H' aocera roaa !e e craBano.aoKa ro fe ce HaM€pFr Baqf!r 4ropM/ " Mex Na 33afNrtso crrpyaNfeecrso ay ai3ailtsephre | 3aeos "cneKrlp' eaaa n, ute rMa crspeMeHHa .pa. drh(a no Nauara npoMruneHa npo

aykuiF, BrnpeKr qe

pa3nona.aMe

clc

yeaaaKaFsaHe aa BIHUHxF

crBpeMeaHa rexHonorhA.

PyMeH KscKrsoB: OcHoBeH Brnpoc nPh cHAaBaHe Ba ecrerHqecKsF o6-

,hK l]a u3aenhero e h BrnPocLr

rpaahsHrre eneMeHrfi. npe3 nocne,

aNrre .oanHx

to3, Btnpoc

ara ra

,3AeneFra rpoMaBf npoMhureRr npoAyK c HaAMePNy ra6apr-

Hesea

KoHcraHrrf CMonnHos: npo6neMx

,Mal1 c noKpsrhFra, xrMrqecKnre 3aEoArl

S6npacar 3a zpadusBure eneMeHtu e Ahn,ocpoeHa,a npo

,paMa 3a nodo6naa9e Ha KaeecBofo, npuera hp* Mapf 1945 ,adu\a. PyMeH K,cK,fos: Aa, Ho Bce olre He ca Hanrqe peanHh pe3ynrarh_ H. nPaKrxKa craBa raKa? re MrHuaflopNO q3llenre nnaTKa c naMeT, np,, KaKBrro ce npok3BexAar B MoMeH-

Mac,

He npearnsrar

Ha na-

aocraftcHo 60-

Koraro ce o6lpHeM

KlM rFx 3a OnPeAeneHs 60r., u3B!rl HFl<OnKOrO OCHOaHh UBFTa, COeu$.

Me Henp€oaonrMrF "o6€KrrBeN" daKrop

raKuBa ce npox3sexrar

no onp€aeneHs Ku. Pe3ynraflr

e, ce oqaerFssHero ce rl3BrpuBa

MoPanHo ocrapen,

rpaaxsH}1 eneMeHrg, orpoMHu B c dynKqroHarHars qacr Ha ,3lenrero, B pe3Yrrar u3aerre-

npor3Boafrefi

Ko6oFAxuncK, MarepranM nnacr,

Ha pa3nonoxeare.

Llaeloaoro eaHoo6Da3ee

sna.qee

cpaBieHhe

nonyqaBa oqe B caMoro Haqano MopanHo ocrapsn o6nrK. Cluroro e c KpenexHhre ene,

MeHrr. ManoioflaxHHre npox3soa-

re, ca orpasu'teHh. 4rKpoereKrpoMarKk, Ho pa3Hoo6pa3Hr c€prr or Kp€nexx, , rpa-

AqaHs eneMeHrs, 6yroHy s np. Ha. uero npor3soacrBo, o6aqe, e pa3, qereHo 3a orpoMhx ceogs eaHorrn,

TaKa ce crhra 20

PyMeH KrcKr.rHoB: noAo6eH e npo6-

neMrr c anyMrHreBrie npoornr. 3aBoaa 3a

ipo$rnr

lIyMeH Mox€ A€ ce Beax orpoMHo

Pa38oo6Pa3r€

npof3Boacrsoro H€ 3asoaa, o6are, e pa3qereHo 3a rrraHrcK, cepur,3a. roBa He My e r3roaNo aa nPof3Bexaa Mankr, Ho pa3Hoo6pa3He npoor-

nr. Kax rora8a $une

Aa BMecrrM clBpe

eneKno{rKa B re3, npo, aa nonycrM h3aerse crc c!-

MeHNara

AneKcaHAlp Bacqnes:Y Hac ce BHa c8r Moaeps, soicx, soaeq, u3n!tlHrrenq Morar

aa rr

,3non3Bar, Bnr3ar B

cuna 4Nrep€ch, KoeMexayB€aoMcrBef ro npe'rll Ha c!3a€BaHero Na HoBo,

c!BpeMeHfo r3aenhe, napacKesa AyKoBa: B MoMeHra, Koraro c€ eH€apuBa r3aetrero, au3ai_ Heplr Karo qe n'4 60Kyc!1p3 npo6ne' Mfre Ha rexHo,rornsra, KoHcrpyK-

qHsra, npor3soacrBoro.

Ka3BaM

"Ookycupa",3auroro, aKo caMo

rrf

ea_

nlK KoHcrpykq Fra ,Ma cnadr

Heaoo6Mrlcnesu crpaHr, roBa pes_

neKrrpa srpxy 06rrKa. yqacrrero Ha au3aisepa B!3 sHeapf,saHero,

npf,xoro Ha6nFAeHue srpxy ro3h flpoqec p8llla8. peMqa 3arpyaHe' Bxs. Tosa, o6ace, e slnpoc Ha ao6. poxenarencrBo or crpa|a H€ BHeapFsaulrre oPraHu3aqHs, Ha nplB nornea H3rnexaa crPaHHo, so e +axr, {e nMexHo npl1 at 3.iHe_

pa ce cpeltar Pa3nuqHure

cneqra_

yqacrre a npoexruP3_

Hero Ha r3aenreroi KoHcrpyKrop,

rexBoIor, npo$3aoAhTen.

AuadHbr Ha o6neKno uMa ceaqra cneuu'uKa. KaKeu npo6reMu cpe' qare npu ahedplsaqero Ha Mooe

:r-F

fuau3uoHea npuoq. 6pax.ruo c dtcftBt)u' oHHo

'p6

yn@ateHue "Be'

neuuB, An.Aad'

aeK., ycuraaftt, rcte-

no2utuKu aHuusaroP

w I

4 'i i

'1,

.fl

''- ---'- Ft

w-,

46topo: EM, Kocrcaa,

usx. K. Rocroe

fxueepcatHa y*6Ho

Teneeu3uoHeH npueM' Huk 3a qeetPo u3o6pa

xedue "co6utts4' AeTopL: B- KAHdUMU Po6, K Betee6-rex'.

EteRryoHxa

pe.tctp'

paqa Kaca "EtKa 82"

Aeropu:3.x.A.neuuH,

A,. Bacu'4 guacKon

Aarcpt: 6. rraeneu. Ka, uBN.

A. Akea

AdH.38 ftpzoacxu

uAo10Kz

Ae.opu: E. rraarea. Ka,

uHx. H.Aarc6

cApa2ato6,u,*, HAaeee,

tHx. n.Eoadxuea

3a RoH$eRuuoH"ata npaMuwne'

renn qpe3 rlproscKara Mpexa.

nolcPerc,

Bnalrcnae UlMrar: Ha/crhHa aocra ce pa3nrqaBa

"nlrsr"

Ha arl3aiiHep_

EnaarcnaB tjjMkAr: Karo flpaBrlno

aBansepure KoneKLru{ ce pa3rn€x_

Moaenu,3a Korro ca cqrypNr, ee ue

o6e!qHeHrfl

noAi€qarase h cHa6AeHh ctc clo'r BerHuF nporoKon N" . . ., npuapYxeH, c rexHonorhqNa Kapra B cerxpl4 eK3eMnnnPa, re3f npoekrh Ao-

Me,a{oH

crkrar ao: npoq3Boa'lrenn; NcrhryqhFra, onPeAetF!.ra qeHure, DP' roBeua, aoroBophpan Moaenqre. B!3noBHnr MoMeHr npt c!3aaBaH€'

Ha o6nekno e aoroBopupaHero Ha Moaerhre, Koero o6tlKHoBeHo craBa Na nponersfF tlnosAhBcxh gerKa ka,urKa naNahp. TaM hMeHFo ce peuasa, Moa€nrre "u.re BhaFr 6nn Aarrl A.top B. KaHauMuK.Aerrs exH cne!

ot doraeop'upa

cbd6ara Ha du3anHeP'

cKure pa3pa6orKU B o6n€Knoro. npear Bcr,rKo p€3pa6oreHhre or aar / oqeHnaar a xyaoxecrBeroor' Ho0efqe oT xYAoxecTBeFur€ clBe_

A.rcpu: P KLckLdae,

KaK raKa

csFr", aaru ure cThrtsar ao noTpe6r

lproBqure aoroBoptrpar

raKuBa

HaMepsr KynyBae/. ToBa 06rkHo' ts6n-ao6orre. Hhro

Nan.NoBure. HoBoro o6{KHoBeHo nna0u rlproBeqa. Pa36upa c€, roBa npasrno MMa Be ca pellraBaurr. np, paBHocMerKa' ra, HanpaseHa cnea aoroBorypaHe' Lre

nocpeacreeHrre

MoAen'1 aoMrHrpar rBo. TYK €AHo noAPo6focr: Pa3Pa 6018aiiKu KoneKqrF ra, Ar3aiBeplr

np€aBhxaa rcKcrqn or 60rBerHxr€

reKcrfnHh npeAnprsrq;. To3u reK

cr!n,

o6ase, Moxe u aa He ce aoro

BOp/ 3a npor3BoAcTao

nocreacrB{elo:

np{

aeaHara

eBesrvanHo aoroBapFHe Na KoneKuhFra, np€a'

O 32

npuFrrero Moxe aa noaMeNu npeA BxaerhF nrpsoHaqanHo reKcT4n. Ero qe Bece e Banrqe pa3MtrNasaHe ro Mexay Moaen, KoBcrpyKqfF, cf. Kak Mucture, npet)npu4ruRra uMar

,u uHrepec of pa39oa6pa3saa4e Ha acopfuM*fa ebnpac. Kairo ce at4acq c ndnda cuna u 3a du3anHep lll Mhar: np/ nonoxe. qe flpeanprFrMero q3n!rH,

Braaxcnas Nl4e,

nnaHa c

aorosopeH re, o6trKBoBeNo Moaentr, ro Ne ce

KlM pa3Hoo6pa3FsaHe npocro HsMa ,Hrepec. Karo du3anHep KaK euNAare pa3pe crpeMk

nqo6neMa 3a pa3Ha. a6pa3eH acopruMeHr

BnaaucnaB

lllMrar

e a1tacrra

nP€4,! Bc4rKo

nnaFlr fa npeanprsruero rpa6Ba o6xsaura Fe caMo Koruqecrsoro, No, acoprhMeHra Ha o6neKroro. Pa36rpa ce, ro8a Be e sanpoc GMo ,Ha npeAaplnrlero, Hrra Ha anai. HepcKfA KoneKrrB. To€a e B!npoc 3 ooracrra Fa norpeAa

6feNrero Na re3u croKf or nrpBa Heo6xoAfMocr. 3a Aa 6!Ae o6nece.

c $yHKqrotsan,ir / ecrerreecKr o6neKna, rpF6Ba aa ce

ma3aa

onpeaeneHo

Mex4y BceKfaHeBNo o6neKno, aBaHrapaHI Moaen, c MnaaexK, aapecar,6yrr4h, nykco3rf croK, h r,H, Taka HaP-PqeHrre B cBe'ta fa Ar. 3anra r/knachqecKf (onekuhri' ca seo6xoarMocr 3a BcrcKtr rpyaoB,

xopa. Creqh+kqra o6nacr or orpoMNa BaxBocr e paoorhoro 06 neKno. NlaKap qe y tsa. or BFr(onKo

roa/Hf e cl3aaaeHa fHcfurvqra, Kosro fMa .puxara 3a pa6ortsoro

o6n€Kno, Bce

oqe

HFMa pean!u

pe3ynrarr. Pa36rp: c€, GurecrBy' Bar pa3Hoo6pa3H, nphehNh, Korro rpF6Ba aa ce pa3rneaar no o6cron Ho, Ho rln Karo laurFr pa3rosop ce

orBacs ao no.o6!]rre npo6neMr,

KoMaHdHu u uHQopMa.

HeKa aa

npoarnxrM c rFx.

EaHa

reKuru, pa36upa ce, no ioptqka

nDeanprFrrFra, o6aqe re o6hxtsose

nprqrHure

orpoMiq Kon,e€crBa o6nekna, 3e aocrar!eNo clo6oa3€ts/ c HVxarre Na norp€6rren3, e HeardrepeHqupa. Horo npo,.13BoacrBo. B tsa.ron!rfF MoMeHr BcreKu npe,qnpinrrF Mo.ar aa npor3Bexaar BchqKo 3a o6n!!a He: I aercki, h pa6orHr, u aceKh' aNeBtsr, u MoaH, nyKco3H, o6reK.

n, nry raKlB Moxe aa ce EaBa

YHrBePcanh3!M

o6neKroro u aa

B acoprrMeHrtshre Ka6

ts€rM 3a noKa3.

no8Ar.He na

Blnpoclr 3a acopr/Merra,p!Ko8oa' crBoro ,Ma orroBop - ero acoprrl MeBrBuFr Ka6,Ber. Ho or roBa 60 rarcrBo Ha Moaen, eABa n, iMa Ha. ce npon3BexAar. no ro3u Haqrf ce cl3aaea eaHa rnb3opKa3aa orprLrarenfo snqFHr.e Brpxy

norpe6urenA. Ha nnoB.qrBcKhF Mo' crpeH naBafP, Ha pa3nfcH, tr3nox6,

cL3aaBal ao6pe ,3nrnaHh x3aenhF. Tosa ce orBaca oco6eHo 3a Mecr!a' ra npoMrurnetsocr, Koaro pa3nona.a . noReqe Ba3iroxHocrr 3a pleeF rpyA - eaHa Br3MoxBocr 3a c!3aa-

I pe6Era norpe6hre,lqre Bhxaar re 3r Moaenr, Ho re He aocrfrar ao

Kire ue ce BH€,apr, TpFbBa !a

Karo r3pa60rkoFro fe e aocrar}cHo Moaen{,

L4 eduP nacnet)eH

teKuuu

abn1oc

nlu no'

sHedp9aaqefo Ha Ka" Mot)enu e edea

u ofienHu

nu Be u3uRto u3ehB KoMneTeHquara

u 363Moxsocturc Ha du3anHepa, ra zaea e xaxeo nuuPa vdoenetaoPeHue or c6aF rpy) cbapeMeHHuf,r du' 3arisep Ba o6aeKno?

BnaarcnaB UlMhArl EcrecrBeHo,

afiarNepule Ha o6neKno e MHoro paAocief $aKrlr, ee Pa3PaooreHrie ca B peaoano npou3

BoacrBo, Ho npea/ BcicKo 4a Bhx aar, qe re3u Moaen, ca np€anoqqra Hrl or KynyBaqure, or norPe6hrenu re. npq nonoxeHue o6ace, ee re3r

cnyca, ca KpanHo orpaBhLreHu B cpaBHeHhe c 6Po3 Ha KoneKqxtre, Kohro pa3pa6orBaMe, ro ecrecrBeHo e aa rlpcqM apvraae B!3Moxnoc] 3a pearu3aLruF, Huuro eYAHo roraBa,

arpxv oco6eHo aHrre peBEra, qecio qe ce

eaxHcrBeHo

aua{M peAqqa Haur

l\,4aphs HeAKoBa:

npo6neMlr

BHeApFBaHero e sr3noB nph ar3ai' Ha sa o6rekno. Pa3pa6orBar ce Ko

rsx. Heqo

rpF6Ba aa ce NanpaB,

Cera paKosoarrerFr onpeaena (aKBo !1e ce noou3Bexaa, KoF or pa3pa60r

npcx

C. Karcea,

A.3.xBpueaa, P. Cron'

pa3pe0e

EMunrF qayuoBa: l4cKaM 4a ce h3-

rqaHoe,

B!3aeicrByBa B!pxy roBa 3seHorl ,44 ce

aeHae p6KoeoAur

AaHe Ha

aeo urzpa

npuMepHo

4:rptt

o63aa*d.

atctbkno Aercp M.Ctateaa

Capta Kynu

r l

-*i

I I I I

i I

i I I

npuBepBo otuaeeNaa He Ha

Macaaa

'32pade'

,t ::

KoMn'e<r nopueraBo

Aarap M.naetaea KoMnneK. cauu 1a

Aetop

M.CraM6o

nene'HuK u 4o3a

ABrop EM.naHana'

KaMnteKt

Aarop

.naHano'

f' i

I npo2paMa90 npuMeprc o&eeexda He ra Ma.oea Bzpaae a. funaea KyxHa.Huua

AaMunuF

o6eturcrHu

\.---l

xrpaqKr. Karo Han.B6xeH npo6neM

pa3nhqHx H.ph,

nPu npor3soac,Boro Ha re3h rrpaq. Ku ce o{epraBa 3annauraHero Ha rpy-

or rFx

aa Ha pa6orHi'1r.(!re,3acera ro

sx;

rBlpae 8rlcKo. Ha ro3h Bxa rpYA u npeanprFTrlFTa ce rnela Karo Ha no

HxcKo kBanrrbfqqpaH. OrraM , ca MocyBcrBrero Ha re3q xefr,3aqo'

ca npeaHa3HaqeNq 3a apaMa-

lv3qpaHq utprl B aercKrre rpaa/3HaeeHuero

Mo, rhpceHero - c!!.ro- Ena.oaapeHre Ha eHrycha3Ma Ha cneLrfantrcrure or npeanptrFrxero PnK "Apyx"

6a"

6epKoB!iqa,

rpya, 3anocHa npox3BoacrBoro Na KVKnq 3a apaMarr3auuF, npeaHa3HaeeHv 3a Aerckxre rpaaxHh MHoro

3x pa6ora.

aencrBrrenHocr,o6ace,

aa ce HanpaBh MeKa aercKa rrpacka

Karo rpfltua

aa ce nocrrrHe rpaiHa MeK MarepMan npq ,un.a v^u Hanqqhe Ha KpaiHo NerocrancHa hHcrpyMeHranHa eKxnhpoBKa, npr oct<lAHr Ape6Hx aerarinh. To3i rpva

s crpaHara, Ho He or Hai noaxoasqqF Marepran. nonycasa ce crpa' HeH

napaaoKc: B crpaHara ce npox3

Be)KAa naMyceH

nrloui Konro e c Karo Marepran h

H€3acnyKeHo ce noaqeHFBa, lvleK re

qBeroBe 3a aercKh l1rpaqKr, Ho npeanpxFruero npoq3Boahren HA

aeTcKf rrpaeKh poKo or paHHa aercKa B!3pacr

Ma Kanaqrrer 3a 3aaoBonFBaHe Nyxaxre Ba npou3Boaqrenrre H3

aetcKtr ,.pacKr. Marepuanlr npeaHa3NaqeH 3a nyKco3Ha

qua

KosdeK.

aaMcK, neHboaryi pa3nrcHh

nnaxHu o6neKra , apyrh. PnK "Apyx6a" He Moxe ra oc,ryp, cHa6lFBaHe Iloou c oTflaalurre or nyxco3Hara npoayK(qF.3a aa ce nocrurHe Hs6xoauMoro uBeroBo pa3Hoo6pa3ue B cep4Fra KyKnx 3a apaMaru3aqrs. Hanoxh ce aa ce 6ar

par apyrx Marephan'1 no Mocrp{ or

nnloua

x3nhuHo ycnoxHFBaHe Koero

u36erHe, aKo npor3soacrBoro

anlou ce yBenuqr.3a aa urpaqKr, clo6pa3eHh c

ra Ha

{

Morno aa ce Ha

xMaMe

n3rlcKBaHMF-

neaarorxKara , rh3anHa. rpa6Ba aa 6!aar orcrpaHeHr pearqa npe{x,l: 4a ce cruMynrpa rpyaa Ha

pa6orHrqxrr€ s npor3BoacrBoro

,rpagKr; aa ce cr3aaae cneq/anNo rpor3BoacrBo Ha Mare

aeTci(h

pMan, u nrnHex 3a aercKu !rpaqKu, aa ce olKnoHnBar or npeaHa3HaeeHrre 3a KoHoeKquF hnu nrf< aa ce r3non3Bar ocraDrture - aocera rBrpae MBoro ce cneKy nupa c uKosoMrcecKara r3roaa. B frpox3BoacrBoro Ha MeKh xrpaqKx ce Bnara rsrpae MHo.o plceH rpya, Konro He Moxe ft ce h36e.He. Ho e 3aarnxurenHo aa e onpocrq: rpF6Ba 4a ce pa3urp, MauuHHrsr napK 3a npeanprFrtrFra-npoM3Boa4renu Na urpacKr-

npo6neMrr c

eKrnupoBKa

uHcrpyMeHrarHara Ha6on3n.

e rBlpae

Ilpou3sexaaHure aerairu ca rBrpae

ManKo, NanprMep

(p!rn, u

qepN{, a roBa ao ronFMa

creneN npeaonpeaenF f3pa3a sa xrpaeK{re, c}3aaBa rpvaHocr! nor nocrq.aHero Ha HacT poeHrs,6croF.

HrF I runh3aq4F. PeaHo e aa npoeKrupar aerainh cneqrarHo

ce 3a

MeKh ,rpaqKu, aa ce npoh3Bexaar

pa3Hoo6pa3Hh rrnopa3Mepu

qBeroB€i Aa ce opraHh3upa aBoiHo

KoreKqfrre or Ha Na0x '.1rpaLrKla ax3aiiHep,l, noKa33a3, Ha HaqroHanH, x MexayHapoaHh q3rox6r,

aoKa3Bar, qe 6kxMe Mornh aa npox3BexaaMe f.paqKr, KoHKy peHrocnoco6B, aopf ! Ha BrH

Aerapr: EB.gayuoa.,

? a o o o

OtuaeexdaHe Ba ne@. xoABa 10Ha

!_,t

*rl

-.'r

"6Y'eaaod

ytueHoacEerreHue Aarapu: a.ftBoreu

napKaea

Aercp

i.t.

eea

AAHfrB 3.MaHoroe

uHmH-epHo eHedpure' cKa delHocr npu c.tu.

3aha3eHa Maprc Ha 3a

3ana3eH rHaK

"feHuc.

nPedhpuErue 3a npor3

EN\-ffi oo

uru",

3ana3eH 3HaK Ha KoM

^^.

ru radH 6

apxure<rypara"

.ryourcnHu wfepuaru

3ana.eh 3HdR

Int J

ft rpad-

3ana3eq 3HaK Ha 3aeod 3a foKoBnpaauf u -

3ana3et 3HaK re 3aeo.

CA "MarHa npotuu-

6 hnraPcKh a

a u3A tlH I 9A

1. Peda<quo|ht cnruF

np*

nepuoda

2, Ausantepure

9a6

pa3euruetu

x u xl 3a du3anHa M*dy

6On.APCKhr' Ah3AnH 1981

Auaij]a e 66rz.pu,

6Kn. ., . . . . . . . 2 .,. ... . ... .. ...I

Korzpec Ha

1936

1. PedakquodHat cntuE a paxeuruu duxaijre e ,anzdpuu d hepuode M*dy Xtt u Xl tl cbddaBu 6Kn. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2, Autantepd o du3adHe, ...... ...... ...8 BUL6ARIAIV DESIGN

1981

1986

1. Edho at fot th.doyotopne.t at aLbat;dn Detgt in ha patiod bet,eenth. Xlhh and rha xutth Co4st6 ot rhe aug.t;sn

Communitt

Pe^y,

......

DesigneB obout D'sign.

rl.a.{,.

Lloxrp.rs,i yic

EbntAFckraTAx3AffH t98r

rr...{

p.a.Ktup Ao6porp6

r986

n€ur{

6s.i: tts.H c,.ro. /..r. Toacp Mnexo., H€$6p..k. l.ts.noo., PsAlxlrlom{

.p.a.krop/,

koHcnxsx

Crorrro., Ar€x€HAlr B.c,roo orbBoF{ p.a.krop csorr. A.i.r. Kop{{.8rrr.* Xrnior xyrpxcr!.Ho orlopu.i"s M.D,.r. K,r.Hos T.t{swky p.arkrop Ar.kdsaap nyko. Kop.xrop ny6..p Er.r Ci,M$: H,koni Kyr.B, a.e,!H Klra,MrpoE H.6opr

ll.{rp.,.{ rscrrF! { npoBu.{.

Motsnxrd Kp.d$p. q€r(os! k,, _ knor l

Anon ,,Ooerrpr.tr coO,r

..2