Which Foods are Best for Your Heart?

by Dr. Joeseph Mercola

Your diet is an important, if not crucial, factor for the maintenance of a healthy heart well into old age. Healthy dietary fats top the list of heart-healthy foods, of course, but aside from that, a nitrate-rich diet can go a long way toward protecting your heart. Nitrates should not be confused with nitrites, found in bacon, hot dogs, ham and other less-than-healthy cured meats. Nitrites can convert into potentially dangerous nitrosamines, especially if heated, which is why processed meats are best avoided. In fact, after examining over 7,000 clinical studies, the World Cancer Research Fund concluded there’s no safe lower limit for processed meats.1 They should be avoided altogether. On the other hand, many vegetables contain naturally occurring nitrates. When consumed, the bacteria in your mouth convert these nitrates to nitrites, but since vegetables are also rich in antioxidants, these nitrites do not pose a health hazard. More importantly, your body transforms the nitrates in vegetables into nitric oxide (NO),2 a soluble gas continually produced from the amino acid L-arginine inside your cells.

Nitrate-Rich Foods Boost Nitric Oxide Production

NO is a gas and free radical that is an important biological signaling molecule that supports normal endothelial function and protects the little powerhouses inside your cells, your mitochondria. Acting as a potent vasodilator, NO also helps relax and widen the diameter of your blood vessels, allowing a greater volume of blood to flow through. Healthy blood flow helps your body function at its best, as your blood carries oxygen and nutrients to your heart, brain and other organs. It nourishes and oxygenizes your immune system and muscles, and helps keep your heart beating. It also carries away waste material and carbon dioxide. As noted in research3 presented by Dr. Michael Greger above, a diet high in nitrate is a natural strategy recommended for the treatment of prehypertension and hypertension (high blood pressure), “and to protect individuals at risk of adverse vascular events,” i.e., heart attacks. Indeed, raw beets — which are high in nitrates — have been shown to lower blood pressure by an average of four to five points within a matter of hours.4 Some studies have shown a glass of beet juice can lower systolic blood pressure by more than eight points5 — far more than most blood pressure medications. In conventional medicine, nitrates are used to treat angina and congestive heart failure, and research shows a glass of beetroot juice has the same effect as prescription nitrates.6

NO Promotes Healthy Heart and Brain Function

In one recent study,7,8,9,10 patients diagnosed with high blood pressure who drank beet juice an hour before exercise, three times a week for six weeks, experienced increased tissue oxygenation and blood flow. It also improved brain neuroplasticity by improving oxygenation of the somatomotor cortex (a brain area that is often affected in the early stages of dementia). As noted by study co-author W. Jack Rejeski, a health and exercise science professor at Wake Forest University in North Carolina, NO is a vital biomolecule that “goes to the areas of the body which are hypoxic, or needing oxygen, and the brain is a heavy feeder of oxygen in your body.”11,12 Your heart, too, requires NO and oxygen for optimal function. As noted by cardiologist Dr. Stephen Sinatra:13 “Adequate NO production is the first step in a chain reaction that promotes healthy cardiovascular function, while insufficient NO triggers a cascade of destruction that eventually results in heart disease… NO promotes healthy dilation of the veins and arteries so blood can move throughout your body. Plus, it prevents red blood cells from sticking together to create dangerous clots and blockages.”

Which Foods Contain the Most Nitrates?

As noted by Greger in the featured video, leafy greens top the list of nitrate-rich foods. Beets, which are a root vegetable, are well-known for their high nitrate content, but leafy greens contain even more nitrates per serving. In fact, beets barely made it onto the top 10 list, which is as follows: 1. Arugula, 480 mg of nitrates per 100 grams 2. Rhubarb, 281 mg 3. Cilantro, 247 mg 4. Butter leaf lettuce, 200 mg 5. Spring greens like mesclun mix, 188 mg 6. Basil, 183 mg 7. Beet greens, 177 mg 8. Oak leaf lettuce, 155 mg 9. Swiss chard, 151 mg 10. Red beets, 110 mg

Arugula, in the No. 1 spot, contains more nitrates than any other vegetable, and by a wide margin too — 480 mg per 100 grams. The second-highest source, rhubarb, contains about 280 mg per 100 grams, which is about the same amount found in a 100-gram serving of beet root juice, whereas 100 grams of whole red beets provide a mere 110 mg of nitrates.

Nitrate-Rich Foods Protect Against Heart Disease

Previous research has shown that the more vegetables and fresh fruits you eat, the lower your risk of heart disease, with leafy greens being the most protective. As noted by Greger, the reason for this is likely their NOboosting nitrates. This was confirmed in a May 2017 study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition.18 In this study, nearly 1,230 Australian seniors without atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) or diabetes were followed for 15 years. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate food intake, while nitrate intake was calculated using a comprehensive food database. As expected, the higher an individual’s vegetable nitrate intake, the lower their risk for both ASVD and all-cause mortality. According to the authors: “Nitrate intake from vegetables was inversely associated with ASVD mortality independent of lifestyle and cardiovascular disease risk factors in this population of older adult women without prevalent ASVD or diabetes. These results support the concept that nitrate-rich vegetables may reduce the risk of agerelated ASVD mortality.”

Leafy Greens and Sports Performance

Most competitive athletes understand the value of NO, and the wise ones take advantage of Mother Nature’s bounty. While research19,20 has shown nitrate supplements can boost sports performance and enhance fast-twitch muscle fibers, you can get the same results using whole foods. For example, research shows raw beets can increase exercise stamina by as much as 16 percent,21 an effect attributed to increased NO. In another study,22 nine patients diagnosed with heart failure who experienced loss of muscle strength and reduced ability to exercise were found to benefit from beet juice. The patients were given 140 milliliters (mL) — about two-thirds of a cup — of concentrated beet juice, followed by testing, which found an almost instantaneous increase in their muscle capacity by an average of 13 percent. There’s one important caveat though: Avoid using mouthwashes or chewing gum, as this actually prevents the NO conversion from occurring.23 The reason for this is because the nitrate is converted into nitrite in your saliva by friendly bacteria. That nitrite is then converted into NO in other places in your body.

Mercola, J. “Which Foods Are Best for Your Heart Health?” Retrieved February 15, 2021, from https:// articles.mercola.com/sites/article/archive/2017/07/17/ heart-healthy-foods.aspx

1 World Cancer Research Fund, Limit Red Meat and Avoid Processed Meat 2 Essentialstuff.org April 28, 2014 3 Hypertension 2008 Mar;51(3):784-90 4 Nutr J. 2012 Dec 11;11:106 5 Seattle Times April 16, 2017 6 Bodyecology.com What Can Nitrates in Beet Juice Do For You? 7 Journals of Gerontology November 9, 2016, glw219 8 Mens Fitness April, 2017 9 Yahoo.com April 19, 2017 10 Neuroscience News April 19, 2017 11 New York Daily News April 20, 2017 12 Express.co.uk April 20, 2017 13 DrSinatra.com February 20, 2015 14 Morning Steel, Nitric Oxide Foods 15 Anabolic Men, Nitric Oxide Foods 16 Livestrong, Fruits and Vegetables High in Nitrates 17 The Drs Wolfson, 10 Foods to Boost Nitric Oxide 18 American Journal of Clinical Nutrition May 31, 2017; 106(1): 207216 19 Science Daily September 12, 2016 20 Mens Fitness September 14, 2016 21 J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009 Oct;107(4):1144-55. 22 Circulation: Heart Failure 2015; 115.002141 23 Runners World May 8, 2013 24, 26 Pharmacology for Anesthetists 3 25 Dental Fear Central, Nitrous Oxide