Indiana Nursery & Landscape News, JanuaryFebruary 2015

The Official Publication of the Indiana Nursery & Landscape Association

Indiana Nursery & Landscape News Volume 75 • Issue 1

January/February 2015

www.inla1.org

Cover: Indiana Flower & Patio Show in 2014.

See full list of spring garden shows on page 24.

Spring Home and Garden Shows Indiana’s Top Pests of 2014 Reducing Operating Costs and Emissions in Your Landscape Fleet Follow us!

INLA Annual Committee Meeting 6

Hot Products for Garden Centers 8

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Indiana Nursery & Landscape News Volume 75 • Issue 1 January/February 2015

Contents 16 Indiana’s Top Pests of 2014

Indiana Nursery & Landscape News is the official publication of the Indiana Nursery & Landscape Association, Inc. (INLA) and is published bimonthly.

Indiana Nursery & Landscape Association 7915 S. Emerson Ave., Suite 247 Indianapolis, IN 46237 Phone: 317-889-2382 Toll Free: 800-443-7336 www.inla1.org

Kristy Stultz, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Entomology and Plant Pathology

20 Reducing Operating Costs and Emissions in Your Landscape Fleet

16

Kellie L. Walsh, Greater Indiana Clean Cities Coalition

24 Spring Home and Garden Shows

Statewide list of all the great shows you won’t want to miss this spring.

Publisher Donna Sheets, Executive Director, INLA 317-889-2382 • dsheets@inla1.org Editor and Ad Sales Mary Breidenbach, Cumulus Design 317-757-8634 • mary@ecumulus.com Advertising Rates: Media Kit available online at www.INLA1.org

Copy Deadline: First of the month preceding the month of the issue. Reprint permission granted if source is indicated.

Views expressed in articles or editorials do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of the Association or its Directors, but are those of the writer. Trade names used in articles are for identification only. No discrimination is intended toward similar products and the INLA does not endorse the use of the products mentioned.

Subscriptions: Included with membership to the INLA. Nonmembers: $36.00 per year (six issues per year).

For questions regarding subscriptions, please call INLA at 317-889-2382.

Departments 2

President’s Message

4

Calendar

5 6 7 8 9

INLA News INLA Annual Committee Meeting New and Returning INLA Members Hot Products for Garden Centers INLA Members, Blue Grass Farms and Charlotte Creek Nursery, Assists NeighborWoods Month White Fringetree Found Attacked by Emerald Ash Borer Movers & Shakers Fungus Behind Deadly Disease in Walnut Trees Mutates Easily, Complicating Control Ornamental Plant Seedlings Grown with LED Lights at Purdue First Detection of Emerald Ash Borer in Six Southern Counties

10 11 12

14 23 26

George Brenn’s IAH Study Guide

27

Advertiser List Toolbox Talks Classifieds

28

IAH Quiz!

Earn CEUs by completing the quiz!

20

14

President’s Message I write this letter as I am waiting to interview the candidates for the Henry W. Gilbert Award at Purdue university. The students are hand picked for this award by the faculty and represent the best and brightest people in the landscape architecture program and the horticultural program. I am always amazed at how incredible the students are and feel really good about the future of our industry.

This year has gone by so very fast and this is my last letter to the INLA membership so I wanted to start by saying thank Robert Johnstone you very much. I want to thank all of the board members that have mentored me over the last decade and Donna, Julie, and Mary for helping me get everything done. I think that as some people read this letter I hope that a few will see the benefits in volunteering for a committee and start to participate in the association. I think about the young people that I meet in the field and how great of an industry we are a part of.

As far as getting involved, please mark you calendar and attend the annual INLA Committee Meeting coming up on February 18. It is not only a great way to be a part of the association but also make it the type of association you want it to be. More information about the meeting is on page 6.

Since I am writing this in December the Indiana Green Exp is still to come. As always, I am looking forward to seeing all my old friends at the event and making new ones. We have a great line up of speakers and classes for our members to come and learn as well as some of the round table forums to share their ideas.

The weather is getting colder and we know that the snow is coming very soon so I hope that you all had happy holidays and I wish you a great start to next year.

Yours in Rock, Robert C Johnstone robert@fireboulder.com 317-750-7384

2014 INLA Officers Robert Johnstone, President Fireboulder 226 E. Staat Street Fortville, IN 46040 Ph: 317-750-7384 Brian Julius, President-Elect Walnut Ridge Nursery & Garden Center 2108 Hamburg Pike Jeffersonville, IN 47130 Ph: 812-288-6691; Fax 812-288-1580 Erick Brehob Vice President Brehob Nursery, Inc. 4316 Bluff Road Indianapolis, IN 46217 Ph: 317-783-3233

Rich Blankenship, Honorary Secretary Mark M. Holeman, Inc. 7871 Hague Road Indianapolis, IN 46256-1753 Ph: 317-849-3120; Fax 317-578-0439 Donna Sheets INLA Executive Director and Publisher Mailing address for INLA office: 7915 S. Emerson Avenue, Suite 247 Indianapolis, IN 46237 Ph: 317-889-2382 or 800-443-7336 Fax: 317-889-3935 • www.inla1.org Email: dsheets@inla1.org

INLA Board of Directors “You only live once, but if you do it right, once is enough.”

–Mae West

Jim Calvin (2015), Calvin Landscape Ph: 317-247-6316 Kyle Daniel (2014), Purdue University, Department of Horticulture & Landscape Architecture • Ph: 765-494-7621

Stay connected to INLA between issues.

Sign up for the INLA monthly eNewsletter at www.inla1.org.

Receive: Latest notices, the digital version of the magazine, reminders for events, and much more.

Brian Franco (2016), Franco Landscaping Ph: 317-858-3858 Kim Glass (2014), M.J. Schuetz Agency Ph: 317-639-5679 Gabriel Gluesenkamp (2016), Designscape Horticultural Services • Ph: 812-988-8900 Kate Jones (2014), Blue Moon Farm Ph: 765-675-2413 Dave LaFara (2015), Tiffany Lawn and Garden Supply • Ph: 317-228-4900 Mark O’Brien (2016), Cardno JFNew Ph: 574-586-2412

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Advertise in the Indiana Nursery & Landscape News

Dean Ricci (2014), Ricci’s Landscape Management, Inc. • Ph: 219-996-2682

Contact: Mary Breidenbach, 317-757-8634 • mary@ecumulus.com

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Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

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CALENDAR January 2015 7–9

CENTS 2015 Columbus, OH • Greater Columbus Convention Center Contact: http://centsmarketplace.com

20–22 Indiana Arborists Association Annual Meeting Indianapolis, IN • Indianapolis Marriot East Contact: Indiana Arborist Association, 765-494-3531

https://ag.purdue.edu/fnr/Associations/IAA/Pages/default.aspx 21–23 Indiana Green Expo 2015 Indianapolis, IN • Indiana Convention Center See IGE brochure in this issue for complete education schedule, registration information, and maximum CCHs available.

More info: www.IndianaGreenExpo.com, 800-443-7336 22

INLA Annual Members Meeting and Award Reception Indianapolis, IN • Indiana Convention Center • 5:00–7:00 pm Free but must preregister.

February 2015 18

INLA Annual Committee Planning Meeting Indianapolis, IN • Engledow Group • At this one-day gathering, all INLA committees meet to plan the year ahead. This is a great opportunity to become more involved with the association. More information and registration form on p. 6.

Contact: Donna Sheets, INLA 317-889-2382 or dsheets@inla1.org

23, 25 Garden Center Personnel Workshop by Purdue Extension Education 3 & 5 Four regional locations • A full day workshop for garden center owners, managers, and employees that will provide a top notch educational experience by horticulture and marketing experts at Purdue University, alongside leading industry professionals. CCH’s available!

February 23: Noblesville March 3: Merrillville February 25: Floyds Knobs March 5: Fort Wayne Contact: Kyle Daniel, daniel38@purdue.edu

https://ag.purdue.edu/hla/Extension/nle/Pages/default.aspx 25–27 iLandscape Show (replaced MidAm) Schaumburg, IL • Schaumburg Convention Center Website: www.ilandscapeshow.com

March 2015 3

Northwest INLA Annual Educational/CCH Seminar Merrillville, IN • Avalon Manor • A day of educational seminars — topics to be announced.

Website: nwinla.com

14–22 Indiana Flower & Patio Show Indiana State Fairgrounds, Indianapolis • Features over 50 showcase and exhibitor gardens, plus hundreds of outdoor living experts and so much more.

Website: http://hsishows.com/wp/indianaflowerandpatioshow/ 12–14 Green Roof Professional (GRP) Training by Green Roofs for Healthy Cities Chicago, IL • Training covers three areas: design and installation, waterproofing and drainage, and plants and growing media.

Website/registration: www.greenroofs.org

4

Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

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Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

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INLA ANNUAL COMMITTEE MEETINGS Join us on February 18, 2015 • 10:00 am to 1:00 pm (lunch provided!)

Engledow Group, 1100 E. 116th St., Carmel, IN 46032-0001 To register, please fax this form to the INLA office at 317-889-3935.

The Indiana Nursery and Landscape Association serves its members in the industry through education, promotion, and representation.

The planning and implementation of most INLA activities are handled by volunteer groups. All groups are supported by INLA staff. INLA committees have ongoing, results-oriented tasks. The interaction between group members promotes effective planning and evaluation of tasks.

You can help!

Sign up now! Review the following list of committees and check off those of interest to you. Return this form to the INLA office and you will be registered to attend.

Volunteer Sign-Up Form I am interested in giving some time to work in the following areas:

 Awards Committee: Organize selection of annual awards.  Communications Committee: Newsletter, website, directory, etc.  Education Committee: Works to enhance educational opportunities for all members of the industry, ranging from those with extensive practical experience to new members of the industry and students preparing for green industry careers.

 IAH Committee: This committee works closely with educational and vocational-technical levels and oversees the Indiana Accredited Horticulturist Program. This meeting will be held in northern Indiana at an alternate date.

 Legislative Committee: Works in partnership with the Green Industry Alliance  Membership Committee: Promotes the INLA by securing new members and assisting current members by providing member services.

 Summer Meeting: Planning and organization of annual INLA Summer Meeting.  Trade Show Committee: Plans and conducts the premier trade show for the industry in Indiana annually.  Landscape Industry Certified (CLT) Committee: Work on this national certification committee in implementing the hands-on field exam.

 FFA Committee: Volunteer to judge state and national Career Development Events. (This committee will not meet; however, you can volunteer to judge these industry-related events in April and October).

Name(s):______________________________________________________________________________________________ Company: _____________________________________________________________________________________________ Address:______________________________________________________________________________________________ City, State, Zip:_________________________________________________________________________________________ Telephone:___________________________________________

Fax:__________________________________________

Email:_______________________________________________ My primary area of business (check all that apply): ____Grower

____Garden Center

____Landscape

____Other (specify) ____________________________________

To register, please fax this form to the INLA office at 317-889-3935

or mail to: INLA, 7915 S. Emerson Ave., Ste. 247, Indianapolis, IN 46237 or Email: Dsheets@inla1.org Indiana Nursery & Landscape Association Fax: 317-889-3935 • Phone: 317-889-2382 or 800-443-7336 • Website: www.inla1.org 6

Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

INLA News

New & Returning INLA Members Active Members

Associate Members

Claymiller Lawn Service Julie Claymiller Phone: (260) 347-5277 2663 E Strater Rd Kendallville, IN 46755

Bale Equipment Solutions William Abel Phone: (502) 589-9901 2050 Watterson Trail Louisville, KY 40299

Lite4 Outdoor Lighting Tim Ryan Phone: (317) 357-3000 6425 Birds Eye Dr Indianapolis, IN 46203

Jacobsen Great Lakes Mike Thorsen Phone: (616) 241-6610 5329 Clay Ave SW Ste A Grand Rapids, MI 49548

Start to Finish Landscaping Jeff Yeary Phone: (317) 769-2211 3375 S 500 E Whitestown, IN 46075

New Pro Containers Melanie Dearringer Phone: 800 869-9285 10650 Andrade Dr Zionsville, IN 46077

INDIANA IRRIGATION 12 Main Street Onward, IN 46967

(574) 626-3398 Distributors of a full line of irrigation equipment

Drip Sprinkler Greenhouse Visit us at www.IndianaIrrigation.com

Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

7

INLA News

Hot Products for Garden Centers Brian Julius, Walnut Ridge Nursery & Garden Center In order for us to stay ahead of the game we are always looking for new ideas, so whenever we go to trade shows or nursery tours we look for new products, marketing ideas, trends, or anything that can make us different than everyone else. These are a few of the products and ideas we have found recently that are working for us. Maybe they will work for you!

Brazos Walking Stick

Brazos is a family owned and operated company in Central Texas that has been manufacturing high-quality hand-made walking sticks, hiking staffs, and walking canes for over 10 years. All of their products are individually crafted from the finest woods including sassafras, hickory, sweet gum, iron bamboo, and many other exotic and native trees. We have found the walking sticks and canes to be nice sellers all year.

As I write this we are in the middle of our Christmas season and are selling these well as presents. In fact, we have a display next to each of our registers for easy add-on purchasing. They are made in the USA and are a nice complement to our other garden center gift items. http://www.brazos-walking-sticks.com/ The Naked Bee

The Naked Bee is a high-quality, natural personal care line that is affordable to everyone. Their motto is “All the good stuff, none of the bad stuff!” which is right on the money. A few examples of what they mean by that are 70% organic skin conditioning and moisturizer for hands and body, organic olive oil, honey and beeswax lip balm, and more. The products are also paraben free, no dies or pigments, and without many of the other common “bad stuff.” We found these at a trade show and gave them a test run with some of our nursery staff. They particularly like the hand lotions and moisturizer. Obviously, our industry can be rough on the skin and hands so this is another nice complementary sale item for the nursery. They sell many other products from lip balm to shampoo, and sunscreen. http://www.nakedbee.bz/ Catstudio Glasses

These glasses are another trade show find that fit perfectly in our garden gift area. The 15 oz. tumbler glasses showcase states or cities in an original design in vibrant colors. Obviously, the Indiana glass is our best seller. Its design shows everything from the Indy 500, Purdue, Lake Michigan, and other important cities/sites around the state. We also sell several other states, including Kentucky, which is a big seller for us because of our location in the southern part of the state. Catstudio offers pillows, towels, plates, aprons, and other items with similar designs as well. http://www.catstudio.com/

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Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

INLA News

INLA Members, Blue Grass Farms and Charlotte Creek Nursery Assists NeighborWoods Month The Indiana DNR, Community and Urban Forestry(CUF) Program worked with INLA partner nurseries and the Indiana Association of Cities and Towns to celebrate and plant trees during NeighborWoods Month — October 2014.

INLA Members Blue Grass Farms and Charlotte Creek Nursery co-matched the $12,000 in grant funds that were available to purchase trees to give a total of $24,000 worth of trees to Indiana communities. Through this partnership 75 Indiana communities received trees plating a total of 262 trees on public land.

Trees were planted in local parks, along community streets and trails, at local police and fire stations, as well as community schools. Participants included municipal staff, individual citizens, Boys and Girls Scouts, community nonprofits, and clubs.

Participating communities, especially those with no funding for a tree planting program or arborist staff, were very appreciative.

Fremont

“The Town of Mount Ayr picked up three Swamp White Oak trees and a Kentucky Coffee tree on October 9 and posted a message for volunteers in the post office. The town had ten adults volunteer to plant the trees.

Thank you so much for making the arrangements for us to receive the free trees. Well done!”

PLYMOUTH: Kayla Rios, Quentin Barker, Nadia Loftus assist Luke Felde

PLYMOUTH: Camryn Buchert, Lucas Record, and Regan Watkins assist Cameran Arnold with the planting.

Albion

Plymouth, Indiana “Members of the Riverside Intermediate School Ecology Club at Riverside Intermediate School worked with members of the Plymouth Tree Committee to learn about trees and were involved in planting 3 trees in the front lawn of the school. Plymouth resident Steve Listenberger led the discussion along with Luke Felde and Cameron Arnold. On Monday, October 20, 2014 students learned of trees historical record as well as the benefits of trees. Finding the right tree to plant in the right spot is very important.”

“Thank you all so much for adding to our Covington tree canopy. We had them planted by the High School Agri students (3 girls this year) — a great experience.

We will tend them carefully.!”

RUSSIAVILLE

“As a member of the Russiaville Park & Tree Board, I would like to thank you for allowing us to be part of this year’s National NeighborWoods Month celebration. We received four trees as part of this project; a red bud, a red oak, a yellowwood, and a black gum.

The trees were planted and mulched by volunteers from the Russiaville Park & Tree Board and Purdue College of Technology Kokomo.”

Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

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INLA News

White Fringetree Found Attacked by Emerald Ash Borer Don Cipollini, a professor at Wright State University in Ohio, discovered white fringetree (Chionanthus virginicus) attacked by emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire).

Details: • A larval specimen and a partial adult specimen extracted from this tree have been positively identified as EAB. • To date Dr. Cipollini has found four trees at four sites with suspected EAB. These specimens have all been collected in areas where the abundance of dead ash trees suggest that local populations of EAB were high.

• Widespread attack of white fringetrees have not been reported.

• These findings indicate the need for additional studies to determine the full extent to which EAB is able to complete its lifecycle and utilize white fringetree as a host.

• EAB has not been found in the Chinese fringetree (C. retusus).

What is a fringetree and why is it important?

• The white fringetree is a native species that is found in the southeastern United States from New Jersey to Louisiana. The northern part of the range glances through southern Ohio and Kentucky.

• C. virginicus (white fringetree), and its congener C. retusus (Chinese fringetree) are used in many landscapes.

• The capacity of EAB to move to the fringetree could indicate a capacity to move to other plant members of the olive family, including lilac, and privet. Previous research conducted in the 2000’s that tested these species found EAB to be unable to complete its lifecycle on these hosts. To date, despite the loss of over 50 million ash trees in areas where lilac, privet, and fringetrees are grown, no other observations of potential host shifting have been reported.

Regulatory Implications: • The APHIS EAB Cross Functional Working Group will be discussing this issue to determine implications of this new information to the regulatory and detection aspects of the EAB program.

• At this time, EAB regulatory operations and policy remain unchanged.

Management Implications: What needs to be done?

• Plantings of fringetrees should be inspected for dying branches and epicormic shoots.

Trunks of these trees should be inspected for D-shaped exit holes.

• Incidences should be reported to your nursery inspector (http://www.in.gov/dnr/entomolo/files/ep-Inspector_Territories.pdf), or email DEPP@dnr.in.gov, or call 1-866 NO EXOTIC (1-866-663-9684).

Management

Nurseries and plantings in areas near or where EAB populations are high may be treated with a trunk insecticide like permethrin to kill beetles attempting to lay eggs on the trunk. Otherwise, a soil application of dinotefuran can be made after trees have finished flowering. Fringetrees finish flowering by June 1 in most of Indiana.

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Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

Photo: pixgood.com

Sources:

Don Cipollini https://webapp2.wright.edu/web1/ newsroom/2014/10/17/emerald-ashborer-research/ Fringetree: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chionanthus_virginicus

Contacts: Cliff Sadof Professor & Extension Specialist Dept. of Entomology, Purdue University 765-494-5983 Cliff Sadof <csadof@purdue.edu> Philip T. Marshall State Entomologist/Forest Health Specialist Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Entomology & Plant Pathology 317-232-4120, 317-232-4189 pmarshall@dnr.in.gov DEPP@dnr.in.gov

Advanced Tree 2014:Advanced Tree 2013 COLOR

Movers & Shakers

Listed are INLA members, their employees, or their organizations who have achieved recognition, special acknowledgments, an award, or a new position. Submit your news to Mary Breidenbach at mary@ecumulus.com or by fax at 317-205-9635.

Bailey Nurseries Hire New Territory Sales Representative for Four-State Region Bailey Nurseries is proud to announce that Casey Schmidt has been hired as its new sales representative in the territory covering Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, and Tennessee. Schmidt brings over13 years of sales experience, most recently managing a territory for a large national wholesale company. A graduate of Purdue University with a B.S. in Landscape Horticulture & Design, Schmidt is a well-rounded plantsman who is well versed in building relationships with all customer types in the nursery and landscape industry.

Casey Schmidt can be reached at casey.schmidt@baileynurseries.com.

ASCA Launches Winter Wisdom Blog New blog provides snow and ice managers another venue for information and industry news The Accredited Snow Contractors Association (ASCA) has launched a blog, Winter Wisdom (http://blog.ascaonline.org/), that provides the professional snow and ice management community with additional industry news, contractor insights, and business management tips.

“Since its inception, the ASCA has focused its attention on supplying the snow and ice management community with timely information and educational material,” says Kevin Gilbride, the association’s executive director. “Winter Wisdom is just another tool that we’ve employed to provide people easy access to developing industry trends, seasonal updates, and professional insights, as well as information on association news and happenings.”

If you’d like to contribute an article or guest column, or share digital images or video of your operation or team in action, please contact Heidi Clevenger at hclevinger@gie.net.

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Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

11

INLA News

Fungus Behind Deadly Disease in Walnut Trees Mutates Easily, Complicating Control Natalie van Hoose, Purdue Agriculture News

Researchers from Purdue and Colorado State universities have discovered that the fungus responsible for thousand cankers disease, a lethal affliction of walnut trees and related species, has a rich genetic diversity that may make the disease more difficult to control.

Adjunct assistant professor of forestry Keith Woeste and fellow researchers analyzed the genes of 209 samples of Geosmithia morbida from 17 regions of the United States to determine the genetic diversity of the fungus, its possible origin, and how it spread throughout the West and to parts of the East.

The researchers identified 57 distinct haplotypes, or genetic races, among the samples, a curious finding for an organism that reproduces by cloning itself. The high diversity of Geosmithia morbida likely indicates that the fungus mutates readily, said Woeste, who is also a hardwood specialist with the United States Forest Service.

“The high mutability of this fungus means we can expect the unexpected,” he said. “We can’t count on the fungus’ genes to be the same year after year, which certainly makes it harder to control. It will also be harder to breed trees resistant to this disease.”

First reported in the early 1990s, thousand cankers disease is deadly to black walnut trees and their relatives, such as butternut and wingnut trees. Black walnut trees are prized for their dark, high-quality wood and play a valuable role in the forest ecosystem as a food source for wildlife.

A tree becomes infected with the disease when walnut twig beetles, natural carriers of Geosmithia morbida, burrow 12

A canker on an eastern black walnut tree. The beetle that carries the fungus that causes thousand cankers disease is visible in the canker’s upper left corner. (Colorado State University photo/Ned Tisserat)

deep into its bark, carving out fingershaped “galleries.” The fungus spreads into the galleries, forming multiple cankers in the wood, which eventually leads to the tree’s death.

The disease has been found in trees throughout the Western U.S. and in several Eastern states, including Tennessee, Virginia, Pennsylvania and Ohio. It has also been found in Italy. Similar to emerald ash borer, the disease is spread primarily through the transportation of infested wood.

A single log can contain thousands of walnut twig beetles and multiple haplotypes of Geosmithia morbida, Woeste said. Spotting infested wood is difficult due to the small size of the beetles — “about the size of pepper flakes,” he said — and the fact that the cankers lie hidden beneath the bark.

“It would be almost impossible to know if a log was infested unless you started peeling the bark away,” Woeste said.

“There probably isn’t going to be a way to get thousand cankers disease out of our forests in the East, but there might be ways to control it. Sanitation, attentiveness, and care are just going to become part of the everyday routine for forest landowners.”

The study showed that thousand

Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

cankers disease likely originated in Southern California, rather than Arizona or New Mexico as researchers previously thought. The study also revealed that Geosmithia morbida is native to the United States, as is the walnut twig beetle. Woeste said the fungus and beetle might have caused only minor damage to trees in the West for thousands of years before suddenly emerging as an important pathogen.

“This is an example of evolution that surprised us,” he said. “I don’t think anyone could have predicted this explosion out of what must have been small, isolated pockets of this beetle and fungus living in harmony with the ecosystem in the Southwest for many years. What forces drove that change, we don’t know.”

Future research could help determine why the fungus became so aggressive toward its host trees, he said.

Woeste advised landowners and companies that use and transport wood to stay informed.

“It’s too early to panic,” he said.

“There’s still a lot of walnut in the United States, and there’s going to be for a long time. However, people should stay abreast of changes as we continue to learn more about this disease and how landowners and

companies can protect their resources.”

Information about the disease and resources for homeowners, industry, and researchers can be found at www.thousandcankers.com.

The study, Population Structure of Geosmithia morbida, the causal agent of thousand cankers disease of walnut trees in the United States, was published in PLoS ONE on Thursday, November 13.

The research was supported by funds provided through two grant programs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s National Institute of Food and Agriculture — the Western Region Integrated Pest Management Program Center and Critical Issues: Emerging and New Plant and Animal Pests and Diseases. Additional funding was provided by the Forest Health Monitoring Program and a Special Technology Development Grant, both from the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Forest Service.

Information about the disease and resources for homeowners, industry, and researchers can be found at www.thousandcankers.com. You can select the state of Indiana and read state-specific information.

Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

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INLA News

Ornamental Plant Seedlings Grown with LED Lights at Purdue Keith Robinson, Purdue Ag Communication Purdue University researchers’ success in using red and blue LEDs as the only source of light to grow ornamental plant seedlings indoors has led to a new phase of determining whether they can reduce production time with more colors.

The research is important because most seedlings are grown in greenhouses in the late winter and early spring, a time when sunlight with enough growing power is low, especially in northern states.

Seedlings need to grow at that time to meet spring and summer sales of bedding plants, so supplemental lighting from electric lamps is typically needed.

In the first part of the research, Associate Professor of Horticulture Roberto Lopez and Master’s student

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Purdue University Associate Professor Roberto Lopez (right) and doctoral student Joshua Craver are finding that sole-source LEDs can produce high-quality ornamental seedlings. (Purdue Agricultural Communication Photo/Tom Campbell)

Wesley Randall grew seedlings from five bedding plant species — impatiens, marigold, petunia, vinca, and zonal geranium — some using light-emitting diodes, known as LEDs, as a supplement to sunlight. They found that the quality of seedlings grown with LEDs was similar to — and in some cases better than — those grown in a greenhouse with high-pressure sodium lamps (similar to street or arena lamps) to supplement sunlight.

They then decided to see if the seedlings could be produced indoors with LEDs as the sole source of light.

“It was quite surprising to see how uniform, compact, and sturdy the seedlings were compared to seedlings produced in the greenhouse with sunlight and supplemental lighting from LEDs,” Lopez said. Compact seedlings are desirable because tall seedlings can be damaged in boxes during shipping.

“I didn’t think we could produce such a nice, high-quality plant without the sun,” he said.

The greenhouse study was published in June in HortScience, a publication of the American Society for Horticulture Science.

The researchers also wrote about the solesource LED lighting study in Greenhouse Product News in September.

Lopez said the research shows that sole-source LED lighting could be used to grow ornamental plant seedlings indoors

Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

with a technique known as multilayer production, in which plants are stacked on top of each other on shelves such as in a warehouse where there is no sunlight.

Some companies, especially in Japan, already use multilayer production for leafy vegetables.

High-intensity LEDs, with their red and blue colors resembling Christmas lights, convert electricity into light that plants use for photosynthesis. They are much more efficient than traditional lights, such as incandescent bulbs and fluorescent lights, because they consume less energy.

They last longer, too, but they also are more expensive to buy.

The current research led by Lopez and doctoral student Joshua Craver has advanced to the stage of trying to make seedlings grow faster than the typical 3-4 weeks in a greenhouse, using red, blue, white, and far-red LEDs. Growing time was not considered in the first phase of the research.

“We want to see if we can take a week or so off of production,” Lopez said.

The goal, he said, is to help the plants flower faster for sale to consumers.

The research is part of a fouryear grant by the U.S. Department of Agriculture for research involving growing both ornamental and vegetable plants with LED lights.

Indiana Nursery & Landscape News â&#x20AC;˘ January/February 2015

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Indiana’s Top Pests of 2014 Kristy Stultz, Indiana Department of Natural Resources, Division of Entomology and Plant Pathology

T

here are many different factors that affect the prevalence of pests and pathogens from one season to the next. If it’s a particularly dry, hot growing season versus a wet and mild one, the amount and type of damage caused either by pathogens or insects will vary greatly.

In 2014, Indiana had a wet and cool spring, which was very conducive to fungal growth. As a result various fungal pathogens made the list of top pests (Table 1) as reported by Indiana Department of Natural Resources Division of Entomology and Plant Pathology nursery inspectors (IDNR-DEPP).

Spots on leaves can be caused by a number of different causal agents. It can be bacterial, fungal, or even viral in origin, but general fungal leaf spots are usually harmless to trees. Fungal leaf spots can vary in size, color, and description from a pinsized spot to covering the entire leaf and causing defoliation. Even in the presence of premature leaf drop, leaf spots rarely require treatment.

Rust was also very common in 2014.

While there were many different types reported, including rust on hollyhock and oaks, Gymnosporangium spp. were the most

often reported species and can be quite the eyesore in nurseries and landscapes. All Gymnosporangium spp. alternate between juniper species (typically eastern red cedar) and a second host. Gymnosporangium juniper-virginianae (apple-cedar rust) attacks the leaves and fruit of apple and crabapple. Gymnosporangium globosum (cedar-hawthorn rust) attacks not only hawthorn, but also apple, crabapple, and several other species in the rose family.

Cedar-hawthorn rust mostly attacks leaves (photo 1), but in rare situations it may attack the fruit of apple trees.

Gymnosporangium clavipes has a larger range of hosts in the rose family than other Gymnosporangium spp. It can infect hawthorn, apple, crabapple, pear, and serviceberry.1 When managing for Gymnosporangium spp., it is recommended to not plant junipers near susceptible alternate hosts and to plant resistant varieties whenever possible. However, spores can travel great distances so treatment may be necessary.

Timing of treatment on fruit trees is critical for control and is based on when teliospores are produced on juniper trees.

This is typically when crabapples are in

Photo 1: Gymnosporangium globosum on hawthorn leaves. Picture provided by Kristy Stultz, IDNRDEPP nursery inspector.

Table 1: The most often reported insects and diseases by IDNR nursery inspectors by region.

Northern Region

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Southern Region

Insects

Diseases/Abiotic

Insects

Diseases/Abiotic

Spider mites

Fungal leaf spots

Aphids

Fungal leaf spots

Leafhoppers

Apple scab

Lace bug

Rust

Japanese beetle

Rust

Spider mites

Powdery mildew

Aphids

Fire blight

Oak leaf galls

Fire blight

Thrips

Needle cast

Bagworms

Anthracnose

Leaf miner

Anthracnose

Scale

Apple scab

Lace bug

Cold/winter injury

Zimmerman pine moth

Needle cast

Leaf galls

Powdery mildew

Thrips

Nutrient deficiency

Sawfly

Tar spot

Japanese beetle

Shot hole fungus

White pine weevil

Nutrient deficiency

Whiteflies

Cankers

Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

Photo 2: Spider mite damage on Canaan fir. Picture provided by Kristy Stultz, IDNR-DEPP nursery inspector.

bloom. Treatment should be made every 10 to 14 days until the juniper galls are done producing spores.2 Another common disease found was fire blight (found mostly on flowering pear trees). The last cold snaps Indiana suffered after bud break in the early spring contributed to the high amount of fire blight noted. Injury allows the bacterium Erwinia amylovora to enter into the host tissue and causes wilting, dieback, and cankers. Even though some varieties of apple and pear are more resistant than others, proper cultural practices are important to disease management. Prune when trees are dormant and the weather is dry. Also, make cuts at least 12 inches away from the infection site and dispose of all infected material and sterilize pruning equipment after each cut.3 Diseases weren’t the only prominent pest problem in 2014. There were several insects that caused noticeable damage in both the nursery and landscape. The top pests causing damage were insects that feed by sucking out juice from tender plant tissue. Those included spider mites (though as a member of the Arachnida class it’s not an insect), aphids, and leafhoppers.

Spider mites (order Acari) were far and away the most prevalent plant feed-

ing problem noted in nurseries during 2014 (photo 2). There are many different species of spider mites, and the host range is fairly extensive. While some are generalists feeding on several different plant species, others are specialists. For example, boxwood spider mite (Eurytetranychus buxi) attacks boxwoods, while two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urtica) is more of a generalist feeding on elm, maple, apple, ash, and tulip trees among others. The damage caused by all species of spider mites is similar, and so are control measures, though treatment is rarely necessary except when damage is very heavy. The reason chemical treatments are not usually recommended is because those chemicals also kill many of the natural enemies that will help control spider mite populations.4 Aphids and leafhoppers (both in the order Hemiptera) were also noted in fairly high numbers. Aphids are similar to spider mites in that they have sucking mouth parts. Aphids often produce honey dew that will attract other insects to an area.

High levels of honey dew can also lead to sooty mold development.

(Indiana’s Top Pests continues page 18.)

Photo 3: Aphids attacking milkweed plants. Picture provided by Kristy Stultz, IDNR-DEPP nursery inspector.

Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

17

Indiana’s Top Pests of 2014 (continued from p. 17) Even though aphids can cause leaf distortion and high populations can cause significant damage on vegetable plants and some ornamentals (photo 3), chemical treatment is rarely warranted, because chemicals that kill aphids also kill their natural enemies like lady bugs and lacewing. If the aphids are transmitting viruses, then treatment may be needed.5 There are many different species of leafhoppers, and most of them are generalists. For example, potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae) feeds on over 100 different host species. Most species cause the same type of damage, stippling and in some cases browning and drying of leaf margins, causing leaves to curl around the edges (photo 4). This is especially evident in maples. Even though leafhoppers also

Photo 4: Leafhopper burn on red maple leaves.

Picture provided by Scott Kinzie, IDNR-DEPP nursery inspector.

feed by sucking juice out of plant cells, they don’t often vector disease; but they are extremely mobile, making it difficult to effectively treat when populations reach high numbers. Insecticidal soap or insecticides are most effective on immature leafhoppers, since they are less mobile at this stage.6 When selecting treatment options, proper diagnosis is critical prior to treatment for any pest or pathogen to ensure effectiveness of treatment and to avoid unintended consequences.

Footnotes 1 Diseases of Landscape Plants: Cedar Apple and Related Rusts on Landscape Plants, Purdue Extension publication BP-137-W, www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/BP-137-W. pdf.

2 Fruit Diseases: Cedar Apple and Related Rusts on Apples in the Home Landscape, Purdue

Extension publication BP-138-W, www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/ BP-138-W.pdf.

3 Fruit Blight on Fruit Trees in the Home Orchard, Purdue Extension publication BP-

30-W, www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/BP/ BP-30-W.pdf.

4 Spider Mites, University of California, IPM Program, Pest Notes No.7405.

5 Aphids, University of California, IPM Program, Pest Notes No.7404.

http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PDF/PESTNOTES/pnaphids.pdf

6 www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/gardens-gardening/your-garden/help-for-the-

home-gardener/advice-tips-resources/pests-and-problems/insects/hoppers-and-leafhoppers/ leafhoppers-and-planthoppers.aspx

About the Author Kristy Stultz is a nursery inspector and compliance officer for IDNR Division of Entomology and Plant Pathology. Kristy received her Master of Arts degree in biology from Ball State University in 2005. Prior to joining the Division of Entomology and Plant Pathology in 2012, Kristy worked for the USDA-APHIS-PPQ Emerald Ash Borer Program.

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Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

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Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

19

Reducing Operating Costs and Emissions in Your Landscape Fleet Kellie L. Walsh, Greater Indiana Clean Cities Coalition

H

ave you wondered if there is lawn equipment that performs the same services your gas- and diesel-powered equipment performs, but costs less to run, requires less maintenance, reduces our nation’s dependence on foreign oil, and is better for the environment? The answer is “yes.” The same propane that your grill cooks with and thousands of homes heat with is powering mowers, tree trimming trucks, and other landscaping equipment across the United States today!

As gas prices continue to yo-yo, landscape companies have looked for a solution that can provide them with a stable, longterm contracted fuel price, so annual budgeting is no longer a shot in the dark. This increased demand for propane lawn equipment has brought forth a new and more efficient generation of propane-powered machines to a wider market. Many lawn and landscape companies are switching to propane-powered equipment and trucks, citing convenience, fuel savings, and longer engine life due to the cleaner-burning propane fuel qualities.

Also known as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), propane is a domestically produced, well-established, clean-burning fuel. Using propane as a transportation and equipment fuel increases energy security, provides convenience and performance benefits, and improves public health and the environment.

The growing propane market is being driven by costs as much as environmental concerns. Right now, propane-powered mowers cost about 10 percent more than their gas-consuming counterparts, while a propane-powered Ford F-250 runs around $9.500 to $10,500 more than the gasoline powered equivalent — yet the payback is worth it, proponents argue.

About 5 percent of U.S. air pollution stems from lawn-care vehicles, according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

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Compared with gas mowers, propanepowered mowers produce about 25 percent less greenhouse gases and 60 percent less carbon monoxide. This can add up, because commercial mowers consume about five times the fuel of a typical car.

Propane is nontoxic, nonpoisonous, and insoluble in water. Compared with vehicles fueled by conventional diesel and gasoline, propane vehicles and equipment can produce lower amounts of some harmful air pollutants and greenhouse gases, depending on vehicle type, drive cycle, and engine calibration.

During days when ozone levels are dangerous for small children, asthmatics and the elderly, local government agencies may ask that you not fuel your car, mow your lawn, or perform other activities that create ozone. A landscape company running on propane can continue business as usual, without adding to the ozone levels.

Typically in fleet applications, propane costs less than gasoline and offers a comparable driving range to conventional fuel. Although it has a higher octane rating than gasoline (104 to 112 compared with 87 to 92 for gasoline), and potentially more horsepower, it has a lower Btu rating than gasoline, which results in lower fuel economy.

Lower maintenance costs are one reason behind propane’s popularity for high-mileage vehicles. Propane’s high octane and low-carbon and oilcontamination characteristics have resulted in longer engine life than conventional gasoline engines. Because the fuel’s mixture of propane and air is completely gaseous,

Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

cold-start problems associated with liquid fuel are reduced.

Educating customers about propanepowered equipment is one of the biggest challenges, yet it can also be an opportunity. Although most customers will choose their landscape company based on price, a company offering a greener solution to the standard foreign oil-based equipment can be the point in favor of a bid award.

How to get started.

Setting up infrastructure for propane vehicle fueling is simple. The infrastructure needed is very similar to gasoline and diesel refueling equipment. Propane is brought to the site via a transport truck and put into the aboveground tank. The fueling dispenser is similar to a gasoline dispenser.

The main difference is that propane is delivered to the vehicle under pressure so it remains a liquid. When the vehicle tank is full, the dispenser stops automatically, just like gasoline dispensers.

If you want to bid your fuel purchases, it is recommended you own your fuel tank and dispenser system. A card reader system can be included, if needed for business expense tracking purposes. A complete fueling infrastructure package can be purchased and installed for approximately $35,000 to $70,000, depending on the type system, need for canopy, lighting and electrical requirements. A concrete pad is the typical base for such equipment.

Owning your own fueling infrastructure allows you to contact multiple suppliers, with the goal of securing the best price per gallon.

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fruit Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, based on U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Alternative Fuels & Advanced Vehicles Data Center, as of March 27, 2012.

Propane has the second-highest number of fuel stations among alternative fuels. Over 90 percent of the existing stations are publicly accessible. Of the private access stations, nearly 60 percent are located in Indiana.

If purchasing fueling infrastructure is cost prohibitive, propane providers can install the fueling infrastructure on a lease basis, typically charging a nominal fee in the contracted fuel price. Contact your local propane dealer for details.

Propane fueling infrastructure can be placed alongside gasoline, diesel, or other alternative fuels, and typically takes up no more than one or two standard parking spaces.

There are many safety guidelines that need to be considered when developing infrastructure. This includes the National Fire Prevention Association’s NFPA 58 Vehicular Liquefied Petroleum Gas Code, which applies to the design and installation requirements of propane refueling facilities.

Your local fire marshal can help with this.

In addition, your local propane supplier can help determine the right amount of storage needed to adequately meet vehicle fueling needs.

Another option is a cylinder exchange program where a propane retailer delivers replacement propane tanks directly to a contractor’s secure storage cage (or rack).

To be sure, propane is not the silver bullet— you can find a complete list of alternative fuel and technology landscaping equipment in the Clean Cities Guide to Alternative Fuel Commercial Lawn

Equipment buyers guide at: www.afdc.energy.gov/pdfs/48369.pdf.

About the Author For more information on propane or other alternative fuels technologies, contact Kellie Walsh at the Greater Indiana Clean Cities Coalition, www.greaterindiana.com or 317-834-3754.

The Greater Indiana Clean Cities Coalition works to advance the nation’s environmental, economic, and energy security by supporting local actions to reduce foreign oil use in transportation.

GICC has aided members in securing over $25 million in federal and state funding for foreign oil reduction projects, displacing over 75 million gallons of foreign oil across Indiana in the past 15 years. The Greater Indiana Clean Cities Coalition was designated as a Clean Cities Coalition by the U.S. Department of Energy in August of 1999, covering 11 counties. Now serving two thirds of Indiana’s public and private sector fleets, our mission is to be a resource for our member fleets in their deployment of alternative fuels and technologies.

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Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

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Quality design•package•Fit spacing • construction

What else can we say? Braun’s continuous wire baskets are designed for exceptional strength and durability. They’re tailor made to fit every tree spade angle and dimension in the industry.

Visit www.braungroup.com and request a product brochure. Discover the difference for yourself.

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Additional Propane Gas Information Propane Research & Education Council: www.propane.com The Propane Education & Research Council (PERC) is a program established, operated, and funded by the propane industry. It offers a great deal of information for commercial landscape companies wanting to learn more about propane. Their website offers: • list of products using propane — commercial mowers, trucks, and generators • links to conversion kits for traditional commercial mowers • incentive programs (see below) • case studies and fact sheets • safety training • webinars • savings calculators

Propane Mower Incentive Program A number of commercial lawn equipment manufacturers offer propane-powered equipment. These companies include: Bad Boy, Bob-Cat, Cub Cadet, Dixie Chopper, Exmark, Ferris, Gravely, Husqvarna, Lehr, Scag, Snapper Pro, and Zipper. In addition, the Propane Research & Education Council has established the Propane Mower Incentive Program (http://www.propane.com/commercial-landscape/programs-and-incentives/ propane-mower-incentive-program/), which provides up to $1,000 in incentive dollars for each new qualifying propane-fueled mower purchase, or $500 back for each qualifying mower conversion through March 2015.

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Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

INLA News

First Detection of Emerald Ash Borer in Six Southern Counties

Emerald ash borer (EAB), an invasive insect that kills ash trees has been detected for the first time in Jennings, Pike, Scott, Spencer, Sullivan and Warrick counties.

Purple panel traps used to detect the pest captured EAB adults in Pike, Spencer, Sullivan and Warrick counties. A visual survey of woodpecker-attacked ash trees found EAB in Jennings and Scott counties. Both counties were already quarantined for EAB. Of Indiana’s 92 counties, 79 have now detected EAB. Moving firewood spreads forest pests. The Indiana EAB quarantine regulates the movement of certain materials such as whole ash trees, ash limbs, untreated ash lumber with the bark attached, and cut firewood of any hardwood species with the bark attached.

With EAB detections in these new counties, the effectiveness of the quarantine is being evaluated. A decision will be announced in the new year as to whether the county-level quarantine will continue.

Visitors to DNR properties may only bring in firewood if it is certified by the USDA or DNR Division of Entomology & Plant Pathology, or is free of bark.

For more information on EAB, or to report an infestation, visit eabindiana.info or call Indiana DNR’s toll-free hotline at 1-866-NO EXOTIC (663-9684). To view the EAB Rule and EAB quarantine declaration visit dnr.IN.gov/entomolo/3443.htm.

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Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

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Spring Home and Garden Shows Indianapolis Home Show

Home & Lifestyle Show Porter County

Features a Centerpiece Home built entirely inside Exposition Hall at the Indiana State Fairgrounds. Show includes construction, home remodeling, interior design, and landscape exhibitors among others.

The Home and Lifestyle Show offers home improvement, remodeling, and home purchasing ideas as well as ideas to enhance your lifestyle in many other ways. Green up that lawn, exterminate those pests, and enjoy a new patio this spring.

January 23 – February 1, 2015 Indiana State Fairgrounds, Indianapolis

Admission: Adults, $14 (online $12); Children 6-12, $3; Children 5 & under, free www.indianapolishomeshow.com

Porter Co. Master Gardeners Association’s 12th Annual Gardening Show

March 13 – 15, 2015 Porter County Expo Center, Valparaiso

http://www.hbanwi.com/events/home-and-lifestyle-shows/

Lakes Area Home & Garden Show

March 14 – 15, 2015 Best Western Brandywine Complex, Monticello

January 24, 2015 / 8 am to 4 pm (CST) Porter County Exposition Center, Valparaiso

Over 24,000 sq. ft. of exhibition space devoted to the latest home and garden prodocts and services.

The Gardening Show features presentations by national, regional and local gardening experts, a seed and bulb exchange (perhaps the largest in the country), 100 exhibitors and vendors, a garden photography contest, and a children’s corner.

Admission: Free http://www.wmrsradio.com/LakesAreaHomeShow.htm

Admission: $10; Children under 12, free http://pcgarden.info/wordpress/gardening-show/

March 14 – 22, 2015 Indiana State Fairgrounds, Indianapolis

Louisville Build, Renovate & Landscape Expo

February 13 – 15, 2015 Kentucky International Convention Center, Louisville, KY See the latest innovations and design trends. Experts will be showcasing everything for the home as well as the newest ideas pertaining to landscape installations. Be inspired by the feature gardens built right inside the convention center exhibit hall.

Indiana Flower & Patio Show

Indiana’s premier outdoor living show since 1958. The show will feature 40+ extravagant showcase / exhibitor gardens crafted by many of Indiana’s premier landscapers, hundreds of finer outdoor living experts, over 400 exhibitors, and thousands of ideas to take home!

Admission: Adults, $13; Children 12 and under, free www.hsishows.com

http://homeshowcenter.com/Visitors/HomeShow. aspx?show=louisvillehomeshow

Greater Lafayette Home and Garden Show

Fort Wayne Home & Garden Show

It is the largest and longest running show of its kind in the Lafayette, IN area. For the 28th year the show provides visitors with anything for your home from the ground up. Over 2,500 people attended the show last year, with over 80 vendors!

February 26 – March 1, 2015 Allen County Memorial Coliseum, Fort Wayne Celebrating its 42st year, this home and garden show is the largest one in the tri-state area with more than 650 exhibitors. This year Dr. Lori, Antiques Appraiser as seen on the Discovery Channel will be at the show. There is also a garden gallery where attendees can walk through indoor setups and purchase garden accessories.

Admission: Adults, $10; Seniors (62+), $6; Children under 15, free www.home-gardenshow.com

Home, Garden & Remodeling Show

February 27 – March 1, 2015 Kentucky Exposition Center, South Wing, Louisville, KY The Home, Garden & Remodeling Show is the largest home show in the state and one of the largest in the nation. More than 350 vendors participate each year and the show includes entertaining features and informative seminars. Includes an Outdoor Living Pavilion where Louisville’s finest landscapers showcase their very best.

Admission: Adults, $10; Seniors (62+), $9; Children 15 & under (with an adult), free http://louisvillehomeshow.com/ 24

Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

March 14 – 15, 2015 Tippecanoe Fairgrounds, Lafayette

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Monroe County Master Gardeners Garden Fair 2014!

March 28, 2015 • 9am – 4pm Indiana National Guard Armory, Bloomington

The day offers over 35 commercial and non-profit vendors of gardening products and services, plus four free seminars. Monroe County Master Gardeners sponsors an information booth with free tree seedlings and garden catalogues to be given away.

Proceeds from the Garden Fair fund the Monroe Co. Master Gardeners horticulture grant program that annually awards grants to non-profit agencies’ gardening projects.

Admission: $2 (price includes ticket for door prize!) www.mcmga.net/gardenfair.htm

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Master Gardener Plant Sale Over 30 Garden Booths Information • Garden Café Plants • Door Prizes Hands-On Activities for Young Gardeners

Admission: Free www.tippecanoemastergardener.org

Orchard in Bloom Garden Show Cancelled for 2015 Holliday Park, Indianapolis

The event is cancelled for 2015 due to the revitalization project of the Ruins at Holliday Park. The construction involved with the project will make the turf unsuitable to host the event in 2015. The event will return in 2016. www.orchardinbloom.org

Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

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George Brenn’s IAH Study Guide George Brenn, Four Seasons Landscaping Nursery, created this study guide to help teach the material covered in the IAH Manual.

His intention was to assist those trying to master the subjects within the manual.

Text: © George Brenn

Chapter 7 — Turgrass Management (continued) When to SOD - seedbed preparation is the same for seed or sod, but sod could handle more P 2O5 Rolls of sod can be installed most anytime the ground is not frozen and sod is available.

Advantages of Sod – affords greatest visual appeal via “instant lawn;” reduced incidence of erosion in sodded areas as opposed to seeded; can be installed in summer Disadvantages of Sod – must be laid soon after receiving; COST: labor intensive installation and sod costs way more than seed: For 1,000 sq.ft., Sod would cost approx. $300 vs Seed costing approx. $20 - $30 Sod is usually supplied with approx. ½” of soil: sod rolls can be kept on pallet for  12 hrs @ 90°F And perhaps 24 – 36 hrs @ 70°F Sod is primarily Kentucky Bluegrass because it produces tillers and rhizomes (= sod-forming) Ryegrasses and Fescues have very limited, if any, ability to spread; 1 seed = 1 plant (These are referred to as bunch forming grasses) On slopes or in waterways, sod can be pegged or stapled to ground to aid in securement Rolling of newly laid sod removes most underlying irregularities & presses sod into seedbed for best root / soil contact. Rolling should be done prior to watering newly laid sod.

Sod should be “rooted in” after  10 - 14 days and should be mowed within 3 weeks of installing Aerification (core aeration) benefits sod / soil interface and helps reduce thatch buildup Weed Control – OK after sod is well established, usually 6 – 8 weeks, or 3 – 4 mowings.

Dandelion control best done in October with post-emergent broadleaf herbicide

TURF MAINTENANCE

Mowing – sharpen mower blades often and keep them sharp. The object is to CUT the grass blades.

Mowing Height: Kentucky Bluegrass – 2.5 – 3.5” Note: Turf in shaded areas should be mowed Perennial Ryegrass - 2.5 – 3.5” 0.5 – 1.0” higher than optimum Fine Fescues 2.5 – 3.5’ Lower mowings favor weed infestations!

Turf-Type Tall Fescues – 3 – 4” Mowing Frequency – depends entirely on how fast the grass grows: may require mowing 2X per week in spring & fall, but only once every 2 weeks during summer Bagging (clipping removal) – not recommended unless grass is excessively long and you could “bale it.”

Clippings DO NOT cause thatch and most landfills will not accept grass clippings. ALSO, returning clippings to the lawn actually recycles nutrients contained within the clippings.

Irrigation – FACT: overwatering can cause more damage to a lawn than underwatering!

When should the lawn be watered? At the first sign of stress: when your footprints remain in the turf after walking across the lawn OR when a duller bluish-green coloration of the turf appears.

As stress increases, this color changes to grayish-green. If turf turns brown, plants have entered dormancy and stopped growing. Watering brown turfgrass allows plants to survive, but it takes at least 2 weeks until turf produces new leaves and recovers.

Turf dormancy = dead leaves, but crowns remain alive = natural survival mechanism of turf and most lawns could survive 4-6 weeks of dormancy Bottom line for watering: Do not water on a set schedule: WATER AS NEEDED. When you water, provide a good thorough soaking, 1 to 1½ “ of H 20 per watering. AVOID light sprinklings, as this encourages shallow roots, crabgrass and non-drought-hardy turf. Mid-day = high evaporation.

Best time to water: 4AM – 8AM; because of higher water pressure and less wind. AVOID watering in early evening, as this leads to greater incidence of disease.

Watering on slopes: apply H20 until it begins to run off, allow to soak in, then repeat to gain maximum H20 penetration.

Fertilization – amount of fertilizer needed is largely dependent on expectation of lawn appearance, as well as location, turf species, soil type & mowing habits.

Nitrogen makes the grass grow; is available as quick release and slow release (CRF) Quick release shows turf reponse in  a week or less & is used in cool weather Slow release (Water Insoluble Nitrogen) includes organics and coated fertilizers and will show response in 3 – 10 weeks: useful in hot weather periods Good quality lawn foods usually contain both forms of N Phosphorus has an integral role in photosynthesis & energy transfer. Also helps plants resist stress, speeds maturity and fortifies roots.

K Potassium is utilized in sugar movement, cell division & water retention, and helps create strong stems and roots

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Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

Landscape Team Leaders, Crew Seeking individuals to join our successful team constructing, installing, maintaining the most elite landscapes in the Indianapolis area. Pay based on experience, proven qualifications. Valid CDL, bilingual ability a plus. Benefits, holidays/vacation time, consistent and stable work, growth potential.

Advertisers Advanced Tree Technology............................................. 11 Blue Grass Farms of Indiana.............................................. 7 Bobcat of Indy....................................inside front cover, 19 Braun Horticulture.......................................................... 22 Brehob Nursery..................................... outside back cover C.M. Hobbs Nursery....................................................... 13

Contact: jruss@sundowngardens.com or (317) 846-0620

Calvin Landscapes.......................................................... 27 Designscape Horticulture Services.................................... 4 Fairview Evergreen Nursery............................................ 18

Looking to purchase existing business Landscape, Lawncare, Tree and Shrub Care, or Irrigation Business in Indianapolis or surrounding counties.

Call Jim Calvin, Calvin Landscape 317-247-6316

Garden Center Personnel Workshop.........inside back cover Indiana Irrigation Co........................................................ 7 Lawn & Turf Landscaping............................................... 14 MacAllister Machinery Co., Inc....................................... 15 Millcreek Gardens, LLC................................................... 23 Reynolds Farm Equipment................................................ 5 Sundown Gardens.......................................................... 27 Tiffany Lawn & Garden Supply....................................... 22 Twixwood Nursery......................................................... 23

Advertise in the Indiana Nursery & Landscape News

Unilock............................................................................. 3

Contact: Mary Breidenbach 317-757-8634 • mary@ecumulus.com

Wahmhoff Farms............................................................ 25 Woody Warehouse Nursery, Inc...................................... 21

Toolbox Talks

Proper Fit of Hearing Protection – NRR safetytoolboxtopics.com

Most of us take our sense of hearing for granted — we assume that we hear what everyone else hears. Loss of hearing may not be realized until a friend or spouse screams in frustration, “Why don’t you ever listen to me!!” This is because hearing loss is usually gradual.

Normally, it doesn’t hurt, so we don’t know it’s happening. Yet our ability to hear when we want to is precious and must be protected.

The critical sound level when hearing protection should be worn is 85 decibels (dBA), established for an 8-hour time weighted average. The louder and longer your exposure, whether at work, at home, or during recreation, the more likely your hearing will be damaged. If you want to have a sense of “how loud is loud,” the following examples, along with their decibel rating, will give you an idea: Decibels • 30-40 quiet pleasant sounds, a bird chirping • 40-50 quiet to normal office sounds • 50-60 normal conversation • 70-90 heavy machinery, electric motors, garbage disposal, city traffic

• 100-120 jack hammer, power saw, motorcycle, lawn mower, rock music • 140+ jet engine, gun shot (this level causes pain) Many disposable or reusable plugs are available and reduce noise by about 30-33 decibels. This is the Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) you see on the box. However, since the NRR is established in a laboratory with perfectly fitted plugs, experts suggests that the true rating is generally about 7 decibels less than indicated.

Hearing protectors of the ear muff type are usually closer to the actual NRR. The key to effectively protecting your hearing is to wear your ear protection properly. Too often, earplugs are seen just barely pushed in. Ensure you wear your earplugs as they were intended. Roll up the foam plugs and make sure you insert them all the way into your ear canal. It’s for your hearing... and your protection.

Indiana Nursery & Landscape News • January/February 2015

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IAH Quiz The Indiana Accredited Horticulturist Committee is pleased to provide you an opportunity to earn CEUs (continuing education units) in each issue of the Indiana Nursery and Landscape News.

The IAH quiz offered in each issue can be completed by anyone who is an “Active” (current) IAH (initial or masters).

Each quiz will be worth a .5 (onehalf) CEU (continuing education unit) for the completion of the bi-monthly quiz with a pass rate of 80%. Over a 2-year period, you could earn up to 6 CEUs if you take and pass every quiz!

The INLA office will grade the quiz.

Questions and answers have been provided by the IAH committee.

Thank you and good luck studying!

The Indiana Accredited Horticulturist Committee Chair - George Brenn, Four Seasons Landscaping Nursery Committee Members - Brian Bunge, LaPorte County Nursery - Wayne Gruber, Gardens on the Prairie - Jim Messmer - Melissa Mravec, Allen Landscape - Jodie Overmyer, Price Nurseries - Dean Ricci, Ricci Landscape Management

Answers: Please contact the INLA office if you would like to receive the answers or find out your results to any previous IAH quiz.

IAH Quiz: January 2015

Due: February 15, 2015

Complete the quiz and mail or fax to INLA by the deadline above. Be sure to write your name, IAH number, and contact information on the bottom of the quiz when submitting. If additional space is needed, please attach the extra paper to this form and submit together. Circle your answers.

1. Plants kept in the garden center over winter should be protected from... a.___ root damage from snow b.___ root damage by freezing temperatures c.___ root damage from ice d.___ all of the above are correct

2. Juniper, arborvitae and spruce plants can be displayed in the garden center with the needles touching other plants to save space. a.___ True b.___ False 3. All container plants require the same amount of water from an overhead sprinkler system. a.___ True b.___ False 4. A white residue on the leaves of plants watered by overhead sprinkler system with water that has a high pH is beneficial to the plants. a.___ True b.___ False 5. Plant tags with pictures are an important marketing tool for perennials in early spring since.. a.___ the plants lack foliage b.___ the plants do not have flowers yet c.___ customers often lack knowledge of the plant at its peak beauty d.___ all of the above are correct

6. When displaying fertilizer in bags it is important to.. a.___place the bags on a pallet or shelf b.___ place the bags in a manner that the label is easily read. c.___ place the bags in an area out of direct sun. d.___ all of the above are correct 7. When working with a customer it is important to.. a. ___ let them initiate the conversation b. ___ avoid looking them in the eye c. ___ ask open ended questions d. ___ all of the above are correct 8. Knowledge of plants and related products is necessary to… a.___ meet the customers needs b.___ develop return business c.___ tie-in sales d.___ all of the above are correct 9. When answering the phone in the garden center it is important to a.___ use an enthusiastic greeting b.___ identify yourself and the business c.___ give a positive impression d.___ all of the above are correct 10. Any employee in a garden center can give advice or provide recommendations on pesticides for the customer to use. a.___ True b.___ False

Name:____________________________________________________________________________ IAH No.:__________________________________________________________________________ Phone:____________________________________________________________________________ Email:____________________________________________________________________________ Fax: 317-889-3935 or Mail: INLA, 7915 S. Emerson Ave., #247, Indianapolis, IN 46237

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Indiana nursery & Landscape association • www.inla1.org

Donna Sheets, Executive Director INDIANA NURSERY & LANDSCAPE ASSOCIATION 7915 S. Emerson Ave., Suite 247 Indianapolis, IN 46237 January/February 2015 Address Service Requested

Our Quality ShOwS in the PlantS we GrOw Thousands of landscape-size boxwood and taxus We grow superb quality trees, shrubs, and perennials Over 80 acres of container grown plants Serving Indiana for 45 years Two sales yards open year round

Mother Nature’s Finest, Indiana’s Best 4316 Bluff Road, Indianapolis, IN 46217 P: 317.783.3233 or 800.921.3233 | F: 317.783.0544 4867 Sheridan Road, Westfield, IN 46062 P: 317.877.0188 or 877.829.0188 | F: 317.877.2238

www.brehobnursery.com