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TRIZ Systematic support to Innovation Gaetano Cascini gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

Politecnico di Milano

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Established in 1863

Organized in 16 departments (devoted to research) and a network of 9 Schools of Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design spread over 7 campuses over the Lombardy region Approximately 40,000 students (the largest institution in Italy for Engineering, Architecture and Industrial Design) Ranked as one of the most outstanding European technical universities © 2009 Gaetano Cascini – gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

Gaetano Cascini – short resume

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1999

: PhD in Machine Design – First acquaintance with TRIZ

1999 – 2008

: Assistant Professor at University of Florence

2008 – now

: Associate Professor at Politecnico di Milano

Past:  2003-2005

: Founder and first President of Apeiron, the Italian TRIZ Association

 2005-2009

: Vice-Chair of the IFIP 5.4 Working Group (Computer-Aided Innovation)

 2006-2009

: President of the European TRIZ Association

 2007-2009

: Member of the MA TRIZ Presidium

Currently:  Member of the ETRIA Executive Board  Chair of the ―Computer-Aided Innovation‖ workgroup and Communication Officer of the TC-5 Committee (Computer Applications in Technology) of IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing)  Author of 80+ papers presented at International Conferences and published in authoritative Journals  Author of 8 patents (assignees University of Florence, Whirlpool Europe, Bracco Imaging, Logli srl, SCAM srl, Meccaniche Fiorentine) © 2009 Gaetano Cascini – gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

Center of Competence for Systematic Innovation Soggetti aderenti al Centro di competenza: Alintec Politecnico di Milano Università degli Studi di Bergamo Università degli Studi di Firenze Ceris-Cnr di Torino PIN Scrl Servizi didattici e scientifici per l'università di Firenze

Training and coaching for TRIZ introduction in industry: o ABB SACE – 2 case studies + Training + 4 pilot projects o Alenia Aermacchi – Training + 2 case studies o Bracco Imaging – 1 pilot project (3 Patent Applications) o Coster Group – Training o Enel – 2 Training activities o Philip Morris Intertaba – Training o Intier Motrol - Training o Procomac – Training + 1 Extended Technology Forecasting + 2 case studies o SACMI – Training + 2 pilot projects

www.innovazionesistematica.it

Program & Goal

Goal:  (TRIZ newcomers) To understand what TRIZ and Systematic Innovation are. Get awareness of TRIZ tools and techniques. Appreciate strategic and operational applications of TRIZ.  (TRIZ practitioners) Share TRIZ experiences and approach.

Innovation Background

From raw ideas to success products 10,000

3000 Raw Ideas (Unwritten)

Number of Ideas

1000

300 Ideas Submitted 125 Small Projects

100

9 Early Stage Development 4 Major Development 1.7 Launches 1 Success

10 1

“If we knew what we were doing, it wouldn’t be called research, would it?” — Albert Einstein

2 3 4 5 6 7 Stages of New Product Development Source: G. Stevens and J. Burley, “3000 Raw Ideas = 1 Commercial Success!” Research•Technology Management, 40(3): 16-27, May-June, 1997.

Innovation: Main Goals & Obstacles

Goal: Improve the efficiency of Innovation Processes  Reduce or eliminate waste of resources (time, money…) for useless trials and errors  Develop one valuable solution is much better than many ideas to be validated  Manage complexity of modern systems Product Maturity

Time

Obstacles: 1. Psychological Inertia 2. Trial & Error: lack of a structured approach 3. Design conflicts

Obstacle 1

Psychological Inertia Which is the minimum size of a A4 printer?

Which is the minimum size of a CD player?

Obstacle 1

Psychological Inertia  Trial & Error “You’ve got to kiss a lot of frogs before you find your princess...”

“It is difficult to find a black cat in a dark room especially when the cat is not there.”

Solution Space

Ideal Solutions (benefits/costs) TRIZ

Random Methods

Obstacle 2

Lack of a structured approach: not everywhere

Primary school Problem: How to distribute 50 cherries between 3 kids?

Should your kids solve the problem by “intuition” and/or by “experience”??!!

Obstacle 2

Lack of a structured approach: not everywhere Type of Problem: arithmetic Model of the problem: 50:3 Tool: division

Model of the solution: 16,666… General Instruments

General Model

of the Problem

of the Solution

Analysis and Abstraction

Solution Generation

Specific

Problem

Solution

Solution: distribute 16 cherries to each kid

Obstacle 2

Lack of a structured approach: not everywhere

High School: What does it happen by mixing Sulfuric Acid with Calcium Hydroxide ?

What would you suggest? Let’s try and see?!?

Obstacle 2

Lack of a structured approach: not everywhere Type of problem: chemical Model of the problem: H2SO4 + Ca(OH)2 Tool: laws of chemistry, oxide-reduction

Model of the solution: CaSO4 + 2 H2O General Instruments

General Model

of the Problem

of the Solution

Analysis and Abstraction

Solution Generation

Specific

Problem

Solution

Solution: Calcium Sulfate + Water

Obstacle 3

Design Conflicts

Requirement 2

Optimal solution…

or compromise…

Requirement 1

TRIZ Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

Теория Решения Изобретательских Задач Theory of Inventive Problem Solving Genrich Altshuller (1926-1998) Analysis of hundreds of thousands inventive solutions

• 99% of inventions use already known solution principle • Less than 1% are really pioneering inventions • Breakthrough solutions emerge from resolving contradictions • Inventors and strong thinkers use patterns • Creative problem solving patterns are universal • Creative ideas can be produced in a systematic way © 2009 Gaetano Cascini – gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

Теория Решения Изобретательских Задач Theory of Inventive Problem Solving The architecture of TRIZ is based on:  Three Postulates: o Postulate of Objective Laws of Systems Evolution o Postulate of Contradiction o Postulate of Specific Situation

 Main models: o Models of the problem solving process — — —

Hill model (abstraction-embodiment) Tongs model (from current situation to ideality, barriers identification) Funnel model

o Description of systems, problems, solutions — — — —

ENV model Model of function Substance-Field Model Model of contradiction

o ―System operator‖ (multi-screen approach) — —

Round about problems Resources search

 Instruments: o ARIZ (Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving), main instrument of Classical TRIZ for Non-Typical Problems, which integrate all others TRIZ instruments o System of Inventive Standard Solutions o Pointers to Physical, Chemical, Geometrical Effects © 2009 Gaetano Cascini – gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

Postulate 1

3 4 5 6

8 Law of increasing Su-Field inyteractions

Conclusions for practice:

Kinematics

TRIZ Laws

Dynamics

Laws of Technical System Evolution Law of System Completeness Corollary: Controllability Trend of elimination of human involvement from systems Trend of increasing dynamicity Law of “energy conductivity” of a system Law of harmonizing the rhythms of parts of the system Law of increasing ideality Law of uneven development of the parts of a system Law of transition to a supersystem Trend Mono-Bi-Poly Law of Transition from macro to micro level

Static

Laws of Engineering Systems Evolution

Solution Space

Postulate 1

1. Law of System Completeness

In order to deliver its function, a Technical System must include, internally or externally (e.g., through the contribution of a human operator), four elements: - a Tool, which is the working element delivering the function of the TS, i.e., exerting a certain effect on its object; - an Engine, i.e., the element providing the energy necessary to produce the expected effect of the function; - a Transmission, i.e., the element transmitting energy from the Engine to the Tool; - a Control, i.e., an element governing at least one of the previous elements.

Envinronment

System

Engine

Transmission

Tool

Object

Envinronment (Supply)

Control

Postulate 1

1. Law of System Completeness (corollary) Corollary:

System

Envinronment (Supply)

Control

Engine

Transmission

Tool

 technical systems evolve by integrating all the elements of the Minimal Technical System in order to reduce human involvement

Object

Envinronment

Postulate 1

1. Law of System Completeness (corollary) Envinronment

System

Engine

Transmission

Tool

Object

Envinronment (Supply)

Control

Postulate 1

Laws of Engineering Systems Evolution: application Creating new products and services by New Scenario anticipation:

TRIZ Laws

 TRIZ Laws suggest the directions of development of technical systems, thus highlighting new market opportunities Solution Space

Long-term Scenario Envinronment

System

Current System

Envinronment (Supply)

Short-term Scenario Envinronment

Engine

Transmission

Object

Control

Tool

Envinronment System Control

Transmission

Envinronment (Supply)

Tool

Transmission

Object

Envinronment

Long-term Scenario System

System

Current Market New Market

Engine

Transmission

Tool

Object

Control

Engine

Transmission

Tool

Object

Short-term Scenario

Envinronment (Supply)

Envinronment

Envinronment (Supply)

Engine

Object

System Control

Postulate 2

Contradictions

Evaluation Par. 2

System evolution implies the resolution of contradictions, i.e. conflicts between a system and its environment or between the components of the system itself System Requirements

EP: 1

EP1 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 1 CP:1

CP = CONTROL PARAMETER EP: 2

EP2 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 2

Evaluation Par. 1

Conclusions for practice:  To solve a problem we should first discover underlying contradictions  To achieve maximum benefits, contradictions should be resolved, not compromised  Overcoming contradictions is a driving force behind technology evolution. Resolving contradictions instead of compromising or optimizing, results in breakthrough solutions © 2009 Gaetano Cascini – gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

Postulate 2

Contradictions Contradictions “Technical” Contd: TC1: EP1(+) – EP2(-) TC2: EP2(+) – EP1(-) “Physical” Contd: CP = V  EP1(+) – EP2(-) CP = anti-V  EP1(+) – EP2(-)

EP: 1

EP1 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 1 CP:1

CP = CONTROL PARAMETER

EP(+) = improves EP(-) = worsens EP: 2

EP2 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 2

Postulate 2

Contradictions

Problems from different domains, sharing the same contradiction, can be solved by means of the same solving principles

Contradictions “Technical” Contd: TC1: EP1(+) – EP2(-) TC2: EP2(+) – EP1(-) “Physical” Contd: CP = V  EP1(+) – EP2(-) CP = anti-V  EP1(+) – EP2(-)

EP: 1

EP1 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 1 CP:1

CP = CONTROL PARAMETER

EP(+) = improves EP(-) = worsens EP: 2

EP2 = EVALUATION PARAMETER 2

Postulate 2

Contradictions: applications

Inventive solution (more ideal): System Requirements

Evaluation Par. 2

more benefits, less problems, less costs

Compromise solution: not competitive easy to copy poor perspectives of development

Evaluation Par. 1

Overcoming contradictions is a driving force behind technology evolution. Resolving contradictions instead of compromising or optimizing, results in breakthrough solutions

Postulate 3

Specific situation - Resources

Each stage of evolution of a system takes place in a specific environment (context, situation) which influences the evolution (transformation) of the system and provide specific resources Energy Resources:

Spatial Resources:

- Empty space, encapsulating - Other dimensions - Shape - Size (1D, 2D, 3D)

Time Resources:

- Energy in the system - Energy from the supersystem - Potential energy - Dissipated energy

- Parallel working - Preliminary action/counteraction - Reworking - Frequency of action

Information Resources: - Inherent properties - Mobile information - Temporary information - Redundant information

Material Resources:

- Waste flow - Cheap materials - Substance characteristics - Void

 Main models: o Models of the problem solving process — — —

Hill model (abstraction-embodiment) Tongs model (from current situation to ideality, barriers identification) Funnel model

o Description of systems, problems, solutions — — — —

ENV model Model of function Substance-Field Model Model of contradiction

o ―System operator‖ (multi-screen approach) — —

Round about problems Resources search

http://www.tetris-project.org/

5 Animations  TRIZ History  Nina @ school/university/work  Theory of Inventive Problem Solving

Handbook

Structure

1. Introduction(s) 2. Laws of Engineering Systems Evolution 3. Algorithm of Inventive Problem Solving 4. Su-Field Analysis and System of Inventive Standards 5. Tools and Principles for solving contradictions  Appendix (Step-by-step solved problems)  Definition: short definition of the selected topic (T);  Theory: theoretical aspects related to T;  Model: conceptual model and graphical representation of T;  Method/Tool: operative instructions about how to use/implement T;  Example: exemplary application of T;  Self-Assessment: exercises to assess the reader’s level of understanding about T;  References: further readings about T. © 2009 Gaetano Cascini – gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

TRIZ Applications

Technical Problems Inventive Problem Solving

Problem Solving Troubleshooting Failure Prevention Management Conflicts

Non-Technical Problems

New Business Concepts Maturity Assessment Technology Forecasting

Exemplary case studies: innovation & problem solving Bracco Imaging: Method and device for localized thermal ablation of biological tissue, particularly tumoral tissues or the like (3 EP applications)

Whirlpool: Low frost chest freezer (1 EP patent)

Exemplary case studies: problem solving for SMEs Scam: High performance connecting rod (1 IT patent)

CIVE – Vetrerie Toscane: Glass mosaic production (process innovation)

Exemplary case studies: technology forecasting Procomac: Sterilization technologies for aseptic filling Nozzle with several openings

Nozzle with one opening

Nozzle with pores

WO9908934 field UV

US2006127290

Isotonics

Tea

Fruit juices

Vegetable juices

Milk based drinks

UHT milk Bi-system monof. Om 2 ugelli sterilizzanti

Ugello con posizione simmetrica rispetto alla bottiglia

The law Harmonization (surface segmentation) Geometry of opening: point

Field me (pressure)

EP1614630 2004

POAA system FILLING

POAA system SPRAYING

POAA system CONDENSING

Transition to micro-level

UV LIGHT system

Transition to micro-level

ELECTRON BEAM system

Transition to micro-level

H2O2 system CHP

Harmonization (object segmentation)

Transition to micro-level

JP9019279 1985

‘20

‘70

The law harmonization (coordinating rhythms)

RADIATION BASED STERILIZATION system

Geometry of opening: curved line

Geometry of opening: complex line

Geometry of opening: flat surface

Geometry of opening: complex surface

me continuos

me Continuos action in saturation

me pulsating

me Pulsating action in risonance

th pulsating

th pulsating action in risonance

Immobile

single joint nozzle

Multiple joint nozzle

Flexible nozzle

Liquid nozzle

Gas nozzle

NUCLEAR INTERACTION ???

Supply: pump

EP0290443 B1 1988

2005

Already in the market

Ugello con posizione totalmente asimmetrica rispetto alla bottiglia

th Continuos action in saturation

(microwave, gamma-rays,

2000

Partially trimming - convolution

th Continuos

US3780308 1973 - most sources of such radiation ( are insufficiently intense to permit high speed sterilization of large areas at the dose levels of 1.5 to 4.5 megarads typically demanded for the application

‘90

Poly-system multif. inverse. Più ugelli che svolgono funzioni inverse

trimming convolution

The law harmonization (coordinating rhythms)

and X-rays)

H2O2

Geometry of opening: straight line

MICRO-WET

PULSE UV LIGHT

JP1294413 1989

ION BEAM system

H2O2 system VCP

Ugello con posizione parzialmente asimmetrica rispetto alla bottiglia

Tool: sterilant Transmission Tool H2O2 Supply H2O2 H2O2 nozzle Transmission: Micro-wet Micro-wet Micro-wet

Harmonization

Transition to micro-level

Poly-system multif. Heter. Più transmission che usano fields diversi (UV-lamp)

Control H2O2 H2O2 system Micro-wet

‘70 NON THERMAL PLASMA system

Poly-system monof. shift Più ugelli per le diverse parti della bottiglia

The law of dynamics growth, controllability and displacing man (dynamization)

WO2006097243 Harmonization (object segmentation)

Poly-system monof. Om Più ugelli sterilizzanti

Partially trimming - convolution

Field th

The law of increasiing nozzle the degree of su-fi interactions

POAA

Harmonization (object segmentation)

Bi-system multif.inv 1 scalda e 1 raffredda o 1 eroga e 1 sciacqua

Patented, not in the market Free space for investments

The law harmonization (asymmetry) The law Harmonization (geometrical evolution)

LASER UV system

Harmonization

Bi-system multif.het 2 transmission che usano field diversi (es: UVlamp)

Andare avanti nell’evoluzione non comporta ulteriori benefici

The law of transition to super system (Mono-bi-poly)

Micro-wet: WO9908934 US2004089369 JP1279025 EP1607106 EP1614433 RU2314127

Bi-system monof.shift 1 per superfici difficili e 1 per facili

2007

The law harmonization (asymmetry)

Field nozzle

Exemplary case studies: technology forecasting Meccaniche Fiorentine: walkers

TRIZ Applications Fields  Product development  Industrial research  Scientific research  Industrial strategy  Non technical applications…

Target:  Products  Processes  Services

World Wide status of TRIZ perceptions and uses (www.etria.net)

TRIZ Survey by ETRIA (European TRIZ Association)

 319 Replies  39 countries  8 languages

TRIZ Survey by ETRIA (European TRIZ Association)

TRIZ in Industry

Some companies using TRIZ (at least a preliminary experience with) Avon BMW Boeing Borden Case Caterpillar Clorox Cummin Daimler-Chrysler Datacard Delphi Dial DuPont

Electrolux Edi Lilly Ford Fujitsu General Motors Heidelberg Hitachi Honeywell HP IBM Intel ITT Johnson & Johnson

Kimberly-Clark Kodak LG Lockheed Martin McDonnel Douglas Motorola NASA NEC Electronics Pfizer Pilkington Procter & Gamble PSA Peugeot Glacio Raytheon

Rockwell Rolls Royce Samsung Sanyo Sara lee Shell Siemens Gillette Toyota USPO Xerox Source: David Silverstein, Neil DeCarlo, Michael Slocum

“Several TRIZ papers were accepted recently to a coming internal conference (1200 attendees) - ~50 papers were selected out of ~2000 submissions.” Amir Roggel (Intel) – March 2008 Japan TRIZ Symposium: 150-200 participants - 70% industry, 20% consultants and 10% academia Sony, Toshiba, Fujitsu, Spansion, Hitachi, Panasonic, Sumitomo, Electric Industries, NTK, Sekisui, Nissan, Honda, Nitto-Denko, Nikon, Canon, Sharp, P&G Japan, Matsushita, National Japan Railroads, Nippon Mining, Konika-Minolta, Ricoh, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Mitsubishi Electric, Samsung Electro Mechanics © 2009 Gaetano Cascini – gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

TRIZ in Industry

TRIZ Experiences in Industry: examples

Warnings and Suggestions

―Simplified TRIZ‖ is probably better than nothing, but very far from ideal!!  Using the Inventive Principles as ―Stimuli‖ for brainstorming sessions has nothing to deal with TRIZ  Problem formulation requires repeatable models and procedures

Even if TRIZ learning is a long process, avoid using wrong procedures and tools just because it’s faster!!  Is it really worth to use the Contradiction Matrix?

 Skipping a proper identification of the underlying contradictions can be faster, but it’s certainly useless and dangerous!!

Currently available ―TRIZ software‖ tools don’t substitute education  Can you avoid studying Romanian/Russian/Korean just having Word on your PC??  Why do we study Maths, since we have calculators? © 2009 Gaetano Cascini – gaetano.cascini@polimi.it

Web Resources

Web Sites: http:///www.innovazionesistematica.it (Centro di Competenza Italiano) http://www.tetris-project.org/ (TETRIS Project: TEaching TRIZ at School) http://www.etria.net/ (European TRIZ Association) http://www.computeraidedinnovation.net (IFIP WG5.4 Computer-Aided Innovation) http://www.matriz.ru (International TRIZ Association) http://www.aitriz.org/ (Altshuller Institute for TRIZ) http://www.triz-journal.com/ (TRIZ journal) http://www3.sympatico.ca/karasik/ (anti Triz-Journal) http://www.triz.co.kr/TRIZ/intro.html http://www.trizminsk.org/ http://www.thinking-approach.org http://www.seecore.org/

Gaetano Cascini gaetano.cascini@polimi.it www.kaemart.it

cascini@etria.net www.etria.net