Walls are sometimes welcoming and protective. But they can also stand as obstacles, impassable borders which imprison and separate. There are
many examples of those “walls of shame” ghettoising whole populations here and there. But not all the walls are so visible. The “fall” of the Berlin Wall in 1989 has not deleted completely the mental, symbolic, economic and social frontiers between the West and the centre of Europe. And the rifts between Europe and its Souths are still there. Even inside the cities, between the centres and the peripheries, sometimes even between different areas of the same neighbourhood, invisible lines separate the territories.