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TABLE OF CONT E NT S 4 5 6-7 9 10 13 14 & 16 18-19 21 22 24-25 26 31 32
Grass-Finished or Grain-Finished Beef? Iowa Agriculture at a Glance Iowa’s Corn Production FAQs Beef Cuts Sunflower Growing Tips Beef Sustainability Farm-To-Table Cooking Preparing Agriculture’s Young Leaders Iowa Corn Facts How Despots Arose With Agriculture Agriculture News From Around the US Iowa Power Farming Show 3 Steps For Oven Roasting Beef Advertising Index
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CROPS AND LIVESTOCK AT A GLANCE
Over 90% of Iowa’s land is used for agriculture. #1 in the Nation
For corn, soybean, hog and egg production
Iowa has the most acres of land enrolled in the continuous CRP sign-up. Iowa farmers have enrolled more than 460,000 acres, or 13% of the total acres enrolled nationwide. Trees, grasses and soil on CRP land removed an estimated 17 million metric tons of carbon annually from the atmosphere through photosynthesis.
• • • • • • • • • • • •
CLIMATE & SOIL
Iowa ranks 1st in the U.S. in corn and 2nd soybean production. Iowa farmers harvested 13.3 million acres of corn (2.4 billion bushels) in 2014. Iowa corn crop values $8.2 billion. Iowa harvested 9.8 million acres of soybeans (506 million bushels) in 2014, which valued $5.1 billion. Livestock in Iowa consumes 291 million bushels of Iowa Grown corn annually. Iowa leads the nation in hog and egg production. Over 240 million pounds of cheese are made in Iowa per year. There are 20.9 million hogs (almost 32% of the nation’s hogs), 3.9 million cattle, 175,000 sheep and 52.2 million chickens in Iowa. Iowa chickens laid 14.1 billion eggs in 2014. Iowa’s dairy industry produced an estimated 4.65 billion pounds of milk in 2014. The average milk produced per cow was 22,444 pounds. Iowa ranks second nationally in red meat production. In 2014, 6.6 billion pounds of red meat were produced. The 165 thousand sheep shorn in 2014 produced 900 thousand pounds of wool. Iowa ranks tenth in wool production. Iowa’s cash receipts of $6.77 billion was from hogs marketed in 2014. In 2014, a little more than 10.5 million turkeys were produced in Iowa, many of which supplied the turkey for Subway restaurants.
• Iowa temperature averages 20°F in January and 76°F in July. The annual average temperature ranges from a low of 11°F to a high of 86°F.
• The Iowa state soil is a series called “Tama.”
• Iowa’s average precipitation is 34”.
• Iowa has some of the richest and most productive soil in the world.
• Iowa is the 7th windiest state in the nation, generating 570,000 megawatts of wind energy.
• Iowa has at least 11,000 different soils.
5
Iowa’s Corn
Production
FAQs
Q. How much corn does Iowa Q. When is corn planted? produce? A. Corn is planted when the soil is warm enough the seeds but not so A. In 2015, Iowa corn farmers grew 2.5 early thattothegerminate young plants are likely to be
billion bushels of corn on 13 million acres of land. At 56 pounds per bushel, that’s over 140 billion pounds of field corn. Yeah, that’s a lot of corn. (Source: USDA March, 2016)
Q. Is all the corn grown in Iowa sweet corn?
A.
You wish! Less than 1 percent – or only about 3,400 acres of sweet corn is grown in Iowa each year. Most of the corn you see growing in Iowa is field corn, which is used to make fuel, feed, food and thousands of other everyday products.
Q. What state produces the most corn?
A. Iowa has been the king of corn for
almost two decades. In an average year, Iowa produces more corn than most COUNTRIES! Seriously, Iowa grows about three times as much corn as a country like Mexico. And Mexico is huge! Just goes to show Iowa grows a crazy amount of corn.
damaged by frost. In Iowa, this can be in early April for the state's southern counties, but it can be several weeks later for the state's northern most counties.
Q. Where does corn grow? A.Corn grows on every continent
except Antarctica. Most corn is grown in middle latitudes (between 30 and 45 degrees), about equal to the area north of New Orleans and south of Montana in the Northern Hemisphere.
Q. How much corn is grown on one acre?
A.
In 2015, Iowa corn growers grew an average of 192 bushels per acre. Nationally, the average is 168 bushels per acre. (Source: USDA March, 2016)
Q.Why is corn Iowa's leading crop?
A.
Corn has been the top crop in Iowa for more than 150 years running! And that’s not because Iowa farmers just can’t think of anything better to grow. It’s because Iowa is the best place on the planet to grow corn. • Iowa has a growing season that is long enough and warm enough to suit corn production. • Iowa usually receives enough rain to support healthy corn production. • Iowa has deep, rich soils that suit corn’s needs. • Iowa also produces lots of livestock whose waste includes nutrients that are key to fertilizing fields for better corn production. • A wide variety of corn hybrids are available that do especially well in Iowa’s environment. 6
Q. When is corn harvested? A.In Iowa, some farmers might begin
harvesting corn by mid-September, but most of the harvest is likely to take place in October. In a cool year, when the corn matures more slowly, much of Iowa's crop isn't harvested until November. Harvest times can vary a good deal because different corn hybrids take different lengths of time to mature. Even when plants are physically mature, farmers might wait to harvest them until corn kernels have dried further so that the corn can be stored for longer periods of time.
Q. How big is a bushel? A.A bushel began as a measure of volume, but the accepted
standard for a bushel of corn is now measured in weight: 56 pounds. That's for shelled corn (after the husks and cobs are removed). It is about the size of a large bag of dog food.
Q. When corn is harvested, what happens to the cob and the husks?
A.
Modern combines strip the husks off each ear and remove the kernels from the ears as part of the harvesting process. The combine spreads the husks and cobs back onto the field as it moves but keeps the grain in a holding tank until it can be unloaded into a truck. In the field, the cobs and husks are still valuable because they help maintain good soil fertility and structure, just as compost and mulch do in home gardens.
Q. Where does corn come from? A.Corn is descended from a plant called teosinte, which still
grows in Mexico, and the first corn plants seem to have appeared in Mexico. The earliest known ears of corn were tiny - only a few inches long. Millenniums of breeding, first by Native Americans, then by early pilgrims and modern scientists, have resulted in bigger, fuller ears of corn and made corn one of the world's three leading grain crops.
Q. How many ears grow on a corn plant? A.Different corn plants have different numbers of ears, but
much of the field corn grown in Iowa is bred to develop just one large ear rather than several incomplete ears. This approach usually yields better total production.
Q. How many kernels are there on an ear of corn?
A.
The number of kernels per ear can vary from 500 to about 1,200, but a typical ear would have 800 kernels, according to corn experts.
Q. How tall is a typical corn plant? A.A typical corn plant can be anywhere from 5 feet to 12 feet
tall. Under good growing conditions in Iowa, plants are commonly about 8 feet tall by midsummer. A healthy corn plant's root system will reach about 6-1/2 feet into the ground!
Q. Why are there silks on corn?
A.
The silks on corn are essential for pollen from the tassels to fertilize the plant. Each silk will convey pollen to one site on a developing ear of corn, making it possible for that site to develop into a kernel of corn. If it's too hot in the summer, the silks can dry out before all the sites on a corn cob are fertilized. As a result, there will be gaps on that ear of corn where no kernels developed because they weren't fertilized.
Q. How is Iowa's corn crop used? A.Most of Iowa's corn crop goes into animal feed. In livestock
feeding, one bushel of corn converts to about 21.5 pounds of retail beef, 15.6 pounds of retail pork, or 21.6 pounds of chicken. Iowa 's corn is also processed into starches, oil, sweeteners, and ethanol.
Q. How much ethanol do you get from a bushel of corn?
A.
Many ethanol plants now produce 2.8 gallons of ethanol and about 17 pounds of animal feed (distillers grains) from each bushel of corn. Corn and ethanol production are now so efficient that it takes less energy to grow the crop and process it than the amount of energy in the ethanol itself. See the Ethanol Section for more info.
Q. Is it true that there's corn in hundreds of products?
A.
Actually, thousands of products in a typical supermarket contain corn. For many years, the Corn Refiners Association (CRA) has conducted surveys by sending researchers into a typical supermarket to read all the labels and tally all the products containing corn ingredients. The last CRA study found corn ingredients in almost 4,000 products - and that doesn't count all the meat, dairy, and poultry products that depend on corn for livestock feed or the many paper products that don't have ingredient labels but do contain corn.
Q. Where can I find products made from corn-based PLA?
A.
The list of products and sources keeps changing as new PLA products are introduced. One source to check is the National Corn Growers Association website www.ncga.com. The Corn-Based Products section lists all kinds of products, not just PLA. Also, remember than any product marketed under the NatureWorks or Ingeo label is a PLA product. If you're still puzzled about a specific product, contact the Iowa Corn Promotion Board.
Source: www.iowacorn.org/en/corn_use_education/faq • For more corn questions, call 515-225-9242 or email: corninfo@iowacorn.org
7
The World Depends On
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CHUCK
RIB
LOIN
SIRLOIN
ROUND
OTHER
Blade Chuck Roast
Cross Rib Chuck Roast
Ribeye Roast, Bone-In
Porterhouse Steak
Top Sirloin Steak
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Kabobs*
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Strips
7-Bone Chuck Roast
Shoulder Steak*
Back Ribs
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Top Sirloin Petite Roast
Bottom Round Steak*
Cubed Steak
Chuck Center Roast
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Ribeye Roast, Boneless
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Top Sirloin Filet
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Stew Meat
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©2013 Cattlemen’s Beef Board and National Cattlemen’s Beef Association
9
Sunflower Growing Tips First - Choose the Right Variety
Feeding and Care of Your Growing Giant
Despite the growing popularity of new color introductions, the sunflowers that grow largest are those most of us still imagine first when thinking of sunflowers. These have tall single stalks with big flower faces of golden yellow petals and chocolate brown centers that ripen into heavy heads filled with seeds that birds will love.
Feed often and water regularly. While the plant is small, water around the root zone, about 3-4 in. from the plant with about 2 gallons of properly diluted liquid fertilizer solution per week. For larger plants, scrape out a small doughnut-shaped moat about 18 inches around the plant and about four inches deep. Pour several gallons of properly diluted fertilizer into the moat every week. Sunflower roots can grow to 4 feet below the soil surface. Avoid pouring fertilizer directly on the stems, since this can cause them to rot.
Site and Soil Preparation Are Critical Sunflowers need full sun; see 6-8 hours of direct sunlight per day - the more the better if you are trying to grow them to their maximum potential. Choose a well-drained location, and prepare your soil by digging an area of about 2-3 feet in circumference to a depth of about 2 feet. Sunflowers are heavy feeders and deplete the soil more than many other crops - especially if you are growing them to reach a massive height so the nutrient supply must be replenished each season. Work in a slow release granular fertilizer - one that also contains trace minerals-- about 8 in. deep into your soil. Tom uses Osmocote, but since I’m an organic gardener and raise rabbits, I plan to mix in a bucketful of composted rabbit manure plus a balanced slow-release granular fish fertilizer. Depending on your soil, you may wish to add, in addition to composted manure and an organic slow-release balanced fertilizer, an organic amendment containing trace minerals such as greensand or dried seaweed.
The Right Way to Sow and Thin For Success
SOURCE: http://www.reneesgarden.com/articles/grow-sunflower.html 10
To grow the largest sunflowers, it is essential to direct sow seed directly into the garden, rather than start them in pots of any kind. This is because sunflowers have long taproots that grow quickly and become stunted if confined. Peat pots in particular often dry out and block off root growth. Despite many gardener’s best intentions, transplanting often gets postponed - so beat the odds and plan to sow seeds in the ground.
Harvesting and Enjoying Giant Seed heads As the petals fall off, the center florets dry up and the seed kernels begin to swell in the disks, carefully climb a stepladder and cover your flower head with a mesh onion bag or loose burlap or paper bag. This keeps marauding birds from robbing your seeds so that the heads look perfect and complete when you are ready to show them off to friends or proudly display them on their long stalks at your local county fair. Cut the stalks at the base when the ripened seeds develop a hard shell. If you plan to preserve them for your bird feeder, wait until the seeds are completely dry; then remove them by hand or by rubbing them over wire mesh into a basket. Store in tightly closed containers to keep rodents away.
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Environm
Social
70%
percent more food needed to feed a growing population
Now
omic
MEETING GROWING GLOBAL DEMAND BY BALANCING ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY, ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY AND SOCIAL DILIGENCE THROUGHOUT THE SUPPLY CHAIN.
Ec
on
Beef Sustainability
tal en
2050
The beef industry has improved its sustainability by 5% in just 6 years to help meet those needs.
The Beef Checkoff Program launched a comprehensive lifecycle assessment to quantify and benchmark environmental, social and economic aspects of beef industry sustainability from 2005 - 2011. Improvements included:
10%
Emissions to water
Increased use of precision farming techniques
2%
7%
Greenhouse gas emissions
Emissions to soil
Improvements in crop yields
32%
Occupational illnesses and accidents
Improved genetics, health and nutrition for cattle
2%
Energy use
Increased use of biogas capture and conversion
2%
Resource consumption
3%
Water use
Improved implementation of right-sized packaging
How was sustainability improved?
Future opportunities to further increase sustainability:
Continue to increase waste water recovery and biogas capture
Explore additional packing alternatives to reduce inputs
Reduce food waste
Continue to optimize nutrient application to soil and crop yields
Source: Beef Industry Sustainability Lifecycle Assessment, funded by the beef checkoff
Committed to a journey of continuous improvement
Further adoption of water efficient irrigation systems 13
FARM TO TABLE
COOKING
Creamy Garlic Pasta with Shrimp & Vegetables 4 servings, about 2 cups each | Hands-On Time: 30m | Total Time: 30m www.EatingWell.com
Ingredients
6 ounces whole-wheat spaghetti 12 ounces peeled and deveined raw shrimp (see Note), cut into 1-inch pieces 1 bunch asparagus, trimmed and thinly sliced 1 large red bell pepper, thinly sliced 1 cup fresh or frozen peas 3 cloves garlic, chopped 1 1/4 teaspoons kosher salt 1 1/2 cups nonfat or low-fat plain yogurt 1/4 cup chopped flat-leaf parsley 3 tablespoons lemon juice 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil 1/2 teaspoon freshly ground pepper 1/4 cup toasted pine nuts (optional)
Directions
1. Bring a large pot of water to a boil. Add spaghetti and cook 2 minutes less than package directions. Add shrimp, asparagus, bell pepper and peas and cook until the pasta is tender and the shrimp are cooked, 2 to 4 minutes more. Drain well. 2. Mash garlic and salt in a large bowl until a paste forms. Whisk in yogurt, parsley, lemon juice, oil and pepper. Add the pasta mixture and toss to coat. Serve sprinkled with pine nuts (if using).
Enjoy the season’s bounty with recipes cooked up with ingredients grown by your local farmer. 14
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Smoky Ham & Corn Salad
4 servings, about 2 cups each | Hands-On Time: 15m | Total Time: 15m
Ingredients 1/3 cup reduced-fat sour cream 2 tablespoons distilled white vinegar 1 teaspoon paprika, preferably smoked 1/4 teaspoon salt 8 cups trimmed frisée, (about 1 large head) or 8 cups mixed salad greens 1 medium tomato, diced 1 cup fresh corn kernels, (from 1 large ear)
FARM TO TABLE
COOKING More Recipes
1 cup croutons, preferably whole-grain 3/4 cup diced ham, (about 4 ounces) Directions 1. Whisk sour cream, vinegar, paprika and salt in a large bowl. Add frisée (or salad greens), tomato, corn, croutons and ham; toss to coat.
Summer Vegetable Crêpes
4 servings | Hands-On Time: 30m | Total Time: 30m
Ingredients 1/3 cup reduced-fat sour cream 1/2 cup chopped fresh chives, divided, plus more for garnish 3 tablespoons low-fat milk 2 teaspoons lemon juice 3/4 teaspoon salt, divided 1 tablespoon extra-virgin olive oil 2 cups chopped zucchini 1 1/4 cups chopped green beans 1 cup fresh corn kernels, (from 1 large ear) 1 cup part-skim ricotta cheese 1/2 cup shredded Monterey Jack cheese 1/4 teaspoon freshly ground pepper 4 9-inch “ready-to-use” crêpes Directions 1. Stir sour cream, 1/4 cup chives, milk, lemon juice and 1/4 teaspoon salt in a small bowl until combined. Set aside. 2. Heat oil in a large nonstick skillet over medium-high heat. Add zucchini, green beans and corn and cook, stirring, until beginning to brown, 6 to 8 minutes. Reduce heat to low; stir in ricotta, Monterey Jack, the remaining 1/4 cup chives, the remaining 1/2 teaspoon salt and pepper. Cook, stirring gently, until the cheese is melted, 1 to 2 minutes. Remove from the heat. 3. To roll crêpes, place one on a piece of parchment or wax paper (or leave it on the piece of plastic separating the crêpes in the package). Spoon one-fourth of the vegetablecheese mixture (about 3/4 cup) down the center of the crêpe. Use the paper (or plastic) to help you gently roll the crêpe around the filling. Place the crêpe seam-side down on a dinner plate. Repeat with the remaining crêpes and filling. Serve each crêpe topped with 2 tablespoons of the reserved sauce and more chives, if desired. 16
Enjoy the season’s bounty with recipes cooked up with ingredients grown by your local farmer.
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Preparing Agriculture’s Young Leaders
®
By Emma Likens, Agriculture Future of America As baby boomers retire, young professionals entering the work place must be prepared to fill the big shoes left. Large organizations supplement their leadership pipeline by investing in trainee programs and internal training. For smaller organizations, resources like Agriculture Future of America can help provide training for young developing leaders.
Lifelong learning AFA supports the development of these young professionals through the AFA Alliance, a network of young professionals in the first stages of their careers. Alliance members believe agriculture is an exciting and dynamic industry. They are committed to lifelong learning as they prepare for roles of leadership in their respective organizations and communities. “Being a member of the Alliance connects me with a national network of other young professionals passionate about agriculture,” said Zane Unrau, senior design engineer for AGCO Corporation, “The Forum always brings in top notch speakers who challenge me to learn more about myself; how to utilize my strengths and work with my weaknesses. The events and people give me the recharge I need.” The AFA Alliance Forum — a two-day professional development program — is the primary Alliance event. However, there are also a growing number of Alliance Regional Seminars and other networking opportunities. Lydia Wagy, a loan officer at Regional Missouri Bank, looks to the Alliance Forum for professional development and support from her peer network.
18
a bachelor’s degree in an development, many former scholars are agriculture-related program. now giving back in their communities and Graduating high school to AFA. For Davis and Wagy, this includes seniors and current college serving as AFA Leader and Academic students from across the Scholarship community coordinators. United States are eligible to Wagy is the community coordinator of apply for AFA National Leader the Howard County, Missouri AFA Leader and Academic Scholarships, and Academic community scholarship. supported by AFA industry and Davis is the community coordinator for foundation partners. Texas County, Oklahoma, which selected AFA scholarships vary in its first scholar in 2015. amount, but all include an “Sometimes it’s not about trying Lydia Wagy says she attends the AFA Alliance Forum to continue learning about the many facets of agriculture academic scholarship and to take charge right away,” Wagy said. and grow as a professional. sponsorship to Conference. “Sometimes it’s about sitting back and For many students it’s not being able to contribute where you can “The friends I made through AFA are the scholarship, but the Conference and being able to step up and take the some of the most important people in experience, that makes the biggest lead when the time is right.” my life,” she said. “They are people I ask difference for their personal development. In the case of the Texas County professional advice from. I love going to Wagy, a 2010 AFA Leader and scholarship program, the timing was the Alliance to reconnect with them.” Academic Scholar from the Chariton just right. The Chamber of Commerce County, Missouri community, said she Excellence in Ag Committee started Supporting students found the greatest value in Conference, the scholarship as part of an effort AFA believes young people are leaders where she connected with recruiters for to encourage and support the next so these types of opportunities offered her first internship. generation of leaders in agriculture. through the Alliance aren’t just available “AFA exposes students to the vast “We felt we needed to provide an to young professionals. They are also opportunities that exist and gives them opportunity for kids from our area who available to students through AFA Leader avenues to pursue those opportunities,” are pursuing a career in agriculture. I and Academic Scholarships and a robust agrees Shawn Davis, a 1997 AFA Leader mentioned my experiences with AFA, and professional development portfolio. and Academic Scholar from the Elkhart, the committee agreed a partnership with AFA Leaders Conference is AFA’s Kansas community. “I was totally unaware AFA would be a perfect fit for the goals we flagship leader development program of all the different careers that existed have to round out our program,” Davis said. for collegiate students. Each November, and how globally tied together agriculture To learn more about Agriculture Future Conference draws college students from is until I became involved with AFA.” of America, visit www.agfuture.org. n across the country to Kansas City to network with peers and professionals, Young professionals giving back and also to engage in personal and Because of the impact AFA had professional development training. AFA on their personal and professional expects over 700 students at the 2016 event Nov. 3-6. In addition to Conference, AFA offers a variety of AFA Leader Institutes which allow students to explore specific areas of agriculture, from policy and food science to animal agriculture and crop and soil sciences. AFA also offers academic support to students through two kinds of Leader and Academic Scholarships: community based scholarships and national scholarships. AFA partners with rural communities to support local students preparing for careers in the agriculture and food industry. These scholarships are awarded locally through each partnership AFA Leaders Conference creates connections for students, including connections with peers, to graduating high school seniors pursuing professionals and opportunities within agriculture. 19
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One bushel of corn produces 17 pounds of DDGS as well as 2.8 gallons of ethanol. Learn more. 12 percent or 264 million bushels of Iowa corn in the 2014/2015 marketing year went into corn processing used in the wet mill industry for food and industrials usage. Learn more. 9 percent or 203 million bushels of Iowa corn was exported out of the state in the 2014/2015 marketing year. In an average year, Iowa produces more corn than most countries. Learn more. Corn is in more than 4,000 grocery store items a few examples include: shampoo, toothpaste, chewing gum, marshmallows, crayons and paper. Learn more.
DEBUNKING FOOD VS. FUEL MYTH
CORN FACTS DID YOU KNOW? Iowa has approximately 87,500 farms. More than 97 percent of those farms are owned by farm families. Iowa ranks number one in producing corn, soybeans, hogs, eggs, ethanol and Dry Distillers Grain Solubles (DDGS) which serve as a premium source of protein for livestock. It also ranks fourth in beef cattle. In 2015, Iowa farmers produced more than 2.51 billion bushels of corn for grain according to the U.S. Department of Agricultural Statistics Service.
SWEET CORN VS. FIELD CORN Only one percent of corn planted in the United States is sweet corn. 99 percent of corn grown in Iowa is “Field Corn”. When Iowa’s corn farmers deliver corn from the field, it’s “Field Corn”. Not the delicious sweet corn you might enjoy on the cob or in a can. Field corn is the classic big ears of yellow dented corn you see dried and harvested in the fall. It’s called “dent corn” because of the distinctive dent that forms on the kernel as the corn dries. While a small portion of “Field Corn” is processed for use as corn cereal, corn starch, corn oil and corn syrup for human consumption, it is primarily used for livestock feed, ethanol production and manufactured goods. It’s considered a grain. Sweet corn is what people purchase fresh, frozen or canned for eating. It’s consumed as a vegetable. Unlike “Field Corn”, which is harvested when the kernels are dry and fully mature, sweet corn is picked when immature.
WHAT IS IT USED FOR? 58 percent or 1.3 billion bushels of Iowa corn goes to ethanol production. A third of these bushels (or 339 million bushels) are turned into a co-product called DDGs, which is a high protein, valuable livestock feed. 43 percent of Iowa’s corn crop is used for ethanol fuel. Learn more. 461 million bushels or 21 percent of Iowa Corn went directly into livestock feed in the 2014/15 marketing year. In livestock feeding, one bushel of corn converts to about 8 pounds of beef, 15.6 pounds of pork, or 21.6 pounds of chicken. Learn more.
There is a significant amount of misinformation on the internet regarding the relationship between corn and the price of food in the grocery stores. Let’s take a look at the facts: In 2015, U.S. corn farmers produced a record breaking crop. However, the price of corn is the lowest it’s been in three years, yet food prices have not come down. Only 16 percent of grocery costs can be traced back to farm inputs, like corn. The rest goes to costs such as energy, transportation, packaging, marketing and labor. Oil, not corn, has been driving up global food prices. The World Bank conducted research determining crude oil as the number one determinant of global food prices. The cost of energy from oil is integral to so much of the 84 percent of what makes up grocery costs. When the price of oil goes up, so does food prices. The great thing about corn is that it provides: A renewable, environmentally-friendly fuel source (Ethanol) Animal feed for livestock which is important to our food supply Exports supplying the world with corn and corn products which boosts our economy Food ingredients necessary for preparing many of our favorite meals Bio-based, renewable materials for industrial uses such as bioplastics.
OTHER FUN CORN FACTS Corn can be produced in various colors including blackish, bluish-gray, purple, green, red and white but the most common color grown is yellow There is one silk for every kernel that grows in an ear of corn The number of kernels per ear can vary from 500 to about 1,200, but a typical ear would have 800 kernels in 16 rows Corn is grown in every continent except Antarctica One acre of corn is about the size of a football field A bushel of corn is 56 pounds, about the weight of a large bag of dog food. A single corn bushel can sweeten about 400 cans of soda pop. www.iowacorn.org/media-page/corn-facts/
21
HOW DESPOTS AROSE WITH AGRICULTURE
For hundreds of thousands of years,
humans lived in hunter-gatherer societies, eating wild plants and animals. Inequality in these groups is thought to have been very low, with evidence suggesting food and other resources were shared equally between all individuals. In fact, in the hunter-gatherer societies that still exist today we see that all individuals have a say in group decision making. Although some individuals may act as leaders in the sense of guiding discussions, they cannot force others to follow them. But it seems that with the beginning of agriculture around 10,000 years ago, this changed. An elite class began to monopolise resources and were able to command the labour of others to do things, such as build monuments in their honour. So how was it that egalitarian societies, where all men were equal, transitioned into hierarchical societies where despots reigned? In recent years archaeologists have tended to focus on the means by which would-be leaders could coerce other individuals into following them (so-called theories of agency). But while leaders probably did coerce their followers once they were in power, it is difficult to see how they could do so at the outset. After all, if all individuals started out with equal resources and equal status, how could one individual force 30 others to do their bidding? This problem forces us to examine the benefits that would-be leaders could provide to their followers – and this is where agriculture comes in. While hunting wild game did not involve much co-ordination beyond placing traps and positioning hunters, agriculture presented an opportunity to massively increase the amount of food that could be produced. A classic example is the development of irrigation systems, which allowed crops to be grown further away from rivers and water sources. Although the role of irrigation systems in creating despotic states has been overstated in the past, they certainly would have created an opportunity for would-be leaders to behave entrepreneurially by managing their construction. Those that chose to follow their agricultural-technologist leader would then benefit from access to irrigation. This would provide the benefit of increased food production, enhancing both their quality of life and the number of surviving offspring they could produce. In this way, social hierarchy could initially arise voluntarily – because individuals that chose to follow the leader were materially better off than those that did not. But under what conditions does this voluntary leadership, where everybody benefits, turn into despotism? I tried to answer this question with a new computational model, which has highlighted two key linked factors. The first is population growth. When populations are small it’s relatively easy for individuals to go back to a leaderless way of life, for example by moving to a new patch of land. This seems to happen in modern hunter-gatherer groups, where people may simply walk away from a bullying leader in the middle of the night. But as population density increases, it becomes harder and harder to find free land to move to that is not controlled by the leader and their followers. Model simulations demonstrate that positive feedback between leaders increasing resource production and population growth can create an obligatory hierarchy, destroying the viability of leaderless life in the area. And empirically, hierarchy formation most often co-occurs with an increase in food production that drives population growth. The second factor is the cost of changing the leader. Even if individuals are locked into a hierarchy, despotism is not inevitable if individuals can readily choose to follow a different leader. For example, by moving to a different group with a different leader. Group membership in hunter-gatherer societies is quite fluid, so this is relatively easy. But with agriculture, individuals would have become tied to a plot of land in which they had invested, making leaving the group very costly. This would become even more extreme with irrigation farming, where farmers would be tied to the system. Indeed, the most despotic early states arose in locations such as Egypt, where agriculture had to happen in a narrow valley along the Nile, making dispersal very difficult. So the use of agriculture established human societies and provided for them in some ways that improved over hunter-gathering. But it shattered the social norm and facilitated the rise of despotism by attracting followers to entrepreneurial leaders that could provide them with benefits, by increasing population density which reduced the ability for others to survive outside the hierarchical group and by making it so costly to leave the group that to do so was unattractive even when faced with despotic leaders. Even in ancient times at the dawn of agriculture there was, it seems, no such thing as a free lunch.
Source: http://www.livescience.com/47283-how-despots-arose-with-agriculture.html
22
Enjoy a fun filled day at the Buffalo Bill Museum in LeClaire, Iowa. You'll discover fascinating history along the Mighty Mississippi River that will entertain and educate.
• 1939 Chris Craft Speed Boat on Display • A 3 foot hand crafted replica of the riverboat the Robert E. Lee • Summer season we display the City of LeClaire's fully restored first fire truck • Educational Play Room for young children 3 to 8 years of age accompanied by an adult • A room displaying Early 1900's Ladies Fashions • A New Sauk & Fox Indian Display featuring Cradle Boards. Some changes for • Lone Star Wooden Hull Steam-powered Paddle Wheel "A Must To See": The first licensed Riverboat Pilot on the Mississippi River • Archival Room • Civil War Encampment • The Riverboat Pilots • Pioneers of Le Claire Township • Indian Artifacts • The "Green Tree Hotel" • Life on the Mississippi River • Gift Shop • LeClaire's Famous Sons: Showman "Buffalo Bill" Cody and his Wild West Congress Famous Inventor, Professor James Ryan's Office on Display among his most famous work was on the Flight Recorder, Seat Belt, and the Crash Bumper for Cars. James Buchanan Eads the engineer known for the Eads Bridge in St Louis, Illinois, crossing the Mississippi River. Captain Philip Suiter Display
Located 1 Block east of Cody Road/Hwy 67; between Downtown LeClaire and the Mississippi River
199 N. Front St. Le Claire, Iowa 52753
(563) 289-5580 Open Year Round
Winter Hours Monday - Saturday: 9:00 A.M. - 4:00 P.M. Sunday 12:00 P.M. - 4:00 P.M. Summer Hours Monday - Saturday 9:00 A.M. - 5:00 P.M. Sunday 12:00 P.M. - 5:00 P.M. Open Some Holidays - Please Call Ahead!
Admission Fee:
Adults: $5 Senior $4 Youth 6-16 years $1.00 Children under 6 years is Free Triple AAA Members $4 Active Military are Free
www.buffalobillmuseumleclaire.com 23
Agriculture News
New research finds way to reduce salmonella in meat. -feedstuffs.com
An old technology that uses natural bacteria predators called bacteriophages is the focus of new research at the University of Nevada, Reno. The technique is being used to reduce salmonella bacteria in meat products. Assistant professor Amilton de Mello with the university’s College of Agriculture, Biotechnology & Natural Resources recently presented his research at the international American Meat Science Assn. (AMSA) conference. “We were able to reduce salmonella by as much as 90% in ground poultry, ground pork and ground beef,” de Mello reported. “We’re excited to be able to show such good results. Food safety is an important part of our work, and salmonella is one of the most prevalent bacteria in the nation’s food supply.” Salmonella is one of the most common causes of foodborne illnesses in the U.S. The bacteria can cause diarrhea, fever, vomiting and abdominal cramps. In people with weaker immune systems or in young children and the elderly, it can be fatal. It is estimated to cause 1 million foodborne illnesses in the U.S. every year, with 19,000 hospitalizations and 380 deaths, according to the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention. De Mello’s research treated meat products infected with four types of salmonella by applying Myoviridae bacteriophages during mixing. Bacteriophages, which are commonly found in the environment, are viruses that can harm only specific bacterial cells and are harmless to humans, animals and plants. In the experiments, the salmonella bacteria was inoculated on refrigerated meat and poultry trim; then, the treatment was applied to the meat before grinding. The bacteriophages invaded the cells of the bacteria and destroyed them. “On the final ground meat products, there was a 10-fold decrease of salmonella,” de Mello said. “The results are very encouraging, and we’re hoping this can be adopted by the meat industry to increase food safety.” De Mello was invited to speak about his research at the 69th Annual AMSA Reciprocal Meat Conference in San Angelo, Texas. Overall, his research focuses on positively affecting meat industry operations, production costs, meat quality attributes and animal welfare. His broad research program approaches important “farm-to-table” topics such as animal welfare, meat quality and food safety. The current research is related to pre-slaughter physical conditions, value-added products, pre- and post-harvest food safety interventions, the effects of physiologic parameters on muscle-to-meat transformation, beef nutritional values and controlling salmonella and Escherichia coli during processing.
AG NEWS FROM AROUND THE COUNTRY 24
The meat science program at the university was invigorated when de Mello was hired in December 2015 and his new meat research lab was opened. In addition to his research, de Mello teaches about the meat industry, food safety and quality
university’s department of agriculture, nutrition and veterinary sciences.
Bowling said the study underscores the need for TPP, the trade agreement pending with 11 “We are creating a very broad meat science program,” he said. “We have meat quality projects. other countries that will expand farmers’ market access to the Asia-Pacific region. We have experiments involving animal welfare and food safety. We offer students research and teaching experiences by using our main meat lab and three collaborating ones here on “America’s farmers and ranchers have a lot to gain from new trade agreements such as TPP, but there is also a consequence for not moving forward,” Bowling said. “Every day we campus.” delay (ratifying) TPP means lost markets, which this study demonstrates has a ripple effect throughout the farm economy. That’s why Congress needs to act. The sooner TPP is passed, The University of Nevada, Reno, experiment station houses the meat processing plant, feedlot the better for America’s farmers and ranchers.” facilities, cattle working areas and 650 acres of irrigated pasture, all just 15 minutes from the http://feedstuffs.com/story-corn-exports-add-747b-economy-45-141770 main campus in downtown Reno. http://feedstuffs.com/story-new-research-finds-reduce-salmonella-meat-45-143003
Film takes new look at American aquaculture
Corn exports add $74.7b to U.S. economy
-feedstuffs.com
-feedstuffs.com
“Why aren’t we growing our own fish?” That’s the question posed by “The Working Waterfront,” a new film from Living Ocean Exports of U.S. corn and corn products generated $74.7 billion in Productions that explores the current status of aquaculture in the annual economic output in 2014, with sales of all U.S. feed grain U.S. The film can be viewed on YouTube at http://bit.ly/1S2NN4R. products contributing $82 billion, according to a new analysis conducted by Informa Economics. “The Working Waterfront” looks at four established farms: a catfish farm in Alabama, a According to the analysis, exports of corn and corn products increased U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) by $29.8 billion over the level that would have occurred without such exports. The number of full-time equivalent jobs linked directly or indirectly to corn exports totaled 332,787. All feed grains examined – corn, corn products, sorghum and barley – increased the U.S. GDP by $33 billion over what would have otherwise occurred and affected 371,536 jobs. “Corn – whether in the form of feed, ethanol or meat and dairy – is a major driver of the U.S. farm economy. Exports impact not just farmers and ranchers but the entire U.S. economy,” said National Corn Growers Assn. (NCGA) president Chip Bowling, a farmer from Newburg, Md. “That’s why it’s so important that farmers and ranchers have access to international markets and why we need global trade agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) that give us a chance to compete.”
salmon farm in Washington state and oyster and mussel farms in Maine. The farmers talk about their commitment to environmental responsibility, economic benefits to their communities and producing locally grown, high-quality products for their customers. They also discuss challenges to growing a robust U.S.-based aquaculture community. More than 90% of the seafood Americans eat is imported from overseas, and half of that amount is from aquaculture. The U.S. has ample coastlines, infrastructure and research and development capability to produce all of the seafood the country demands in an environmentally sound manner, according to the film. However, a lack of consistent, coordinated permitting processes and a lingering outdated perception of aquaculture are cited as obstacles to increasing the supply of locally grown fish and seafood.
“There have been so many improvements in biology and technology over the past two decades that have made aquaculture so much more sustainable than when it first started 40 years ago,” said Sebastian Belle, executive director of the Maine Aquaculture Assn. “There’s a real need to educate consumers that aquaculture today has less of an environmental impact of any other form of protein production ... and that the resulting products are among the healthiest foods anyone can eat.”
The film was funded by the Soy Aquaculture Alliance (SAA) and the United Soybean Board to educate the public about the benefits of U.S. aquaculture. SAA is a founding member of the Coalition for U.S. Seafood Production, an informal association of aquaculture producers, suppliers, seafood distributors, retailers and The study, commissioned by NCGA and the U.S. Grains Council (USGC), quantifies the restaurateurs that support efforts to economic benefits of grain exports both nationally and to each U.S. state and selected congressional districts, showing results for corn, ethanol, dried distillers grains with solubles grow domestic aquaculture. (DDGS), corn gluten feed and the corn equivalent of meats, in addition to sorghum and “One of the key advances that has barley. made aquaculture more sustainable It found that every $1 in exports of grains and grain products generates an additional $3.23 has been new feed formulations that replace wild-caught fishmeal with plant proteins, especially U.S. soy,” SAA executive director in business sales across the U.S. The positive economic effects of corn exports benefit not only agriculture but also wholesale trade, real estate, oil and natural gas production and the Bridget Owen said. “The far-reaching benefits of a domestic aquaculture industry can extend up the supply stream to feed ingredient farmers, and down through communities banking and financial industries. by creating green jobs. But our belief is that healthy, locally raised food benefits American consumers the most.” “Farming is a global business, and this study shows how immense the impact of grain exports is on not just the agriculture economy but our national economy,” said Alan Tiemann, USGC chairman and a Nebraska farmer. “The work our industry does to build new markets and grow our relationships with those overseas who rely on U.S. grains is critical for Source: U.S. farmers’ profitability.” http://feedstuffs.com/story-film-takes-new-look-american-aquaculture-45-142636 The study also touched on the negative consequences to reducing exports of grain products, showing that if these exports were suddenly halted, more than 47,000 jobs and $2.8 billion in GDP would be lost in the farming, ethanol production and meat production industries alone. 25
JAN 31- FEB 2 IOWA EVENTS CENTER DES MOINES, IA
Schedule
9-4 pm Tues., January 31, 2017 9-4 pm Wed., February 1, 2017 9-3 pm Thurs., February 2, 2017
Location
THE 3RD LARGEST INDOOR FARM SHOW IN NORTH AMERICA
Show Features •
3rd Largest Farm Show in the US
•
7.0 acres of displays (305,000 sq. ft.)
•
Average Attendance: 18,000 – 23,500
•
Attended by exhibitors from 29 states and 4 Canadian Provinces
•
750 Companies
•
1840 Booths
•
3 Facilities – 6 Floors (Wells Fargo Arena, Hy-Vee Exhibit Hall & Community Choice Convention Center, Des Moines, Iowa)
•
Nearly $50,000,000 of Ag Equipment on Display
•
Tractors, Skid Loaders, Sprayers, Combines, Tillage, Planters, Hay and Forage, Seed Handling, Grain Storage and Handling, Utility Vehicles, Landscape and Turf Equipment, Grain Trailers, Outdoor Power Equipment
•
Precision Ag Electronics, Management Software and AgRelated Accessories
•
Free Parking and Shuttle from Principle Ball Park
•
General Admission: $8; Children under 14 are Free
IOWA EVENTS CENTER 730 3rd St. Des Moines, IA 50309
IowaPowerShow.com 26
The First Hydraulic Corral and still the
Largest!
Ag, Turf or Commercial Worksite Products, we’ve got you covered.
NEW!
Rawhide Processor by John McDonald • Pull on highway at speed limit. • Fits through any gate your pickup will. • Stable on uneven terrain. • Wheels on each panel and electric over hydraulic jack eliminates lifting - save time.
• Frame gates for sorting. • Transport wheels are permanent, no sliding off the axles and rolling out of the way. • Permanent sheeted adjustable alley.
RAWHIDE PORTABLE CORRAL
900 N. WASHINGTON ST. • ABILENE, KS 67410 • 785.263.3436
www.rawhideportablecorral.com
11 locations serving Southeast Iowa www.sinclairtractor.com • 877-833-4444
Striving to EARN Your Business Everyday
AIR RIDE TECHNOLOGIES, LLC Stop Beating Yourself Up In The Field! Our all new "Air Ride Cab" kit will make those long hours in the field much easier to take! If you own a John Deere 8000, 8010, 8020, or 8030 tractor, this brand new comfort system is the perfect add-on kit for you! The kit fits both track and wheel tractors and comes with complete instructions to install it yourself.
Keith Brown (Owner) @
308-946-2420
1495 13th Rd. • Central City, NE 68826 • www.airridecab.com 27
Iowa rain G ystems S
• GSI Grain Bins, Dryers, Bucket Elevators & Conveyors • NECO Dryers & Unloading Equipment • Hutchinson Portable Augers, Grain Pumps & Conveyors • DMC Air Systems & Equipment • Sentinel Stell Buildings
1230 Pinder Ave., Grinnell, IA 50112 Office: 641-236-0752 • Cell: 642-990-8852 • Email: igs@netins.net
Taylor Seeds All ORGANIC Soybean Seeds Non-GMO ORGANIC production lowers costs and improves soil* Varieties Available: IA1026, IA2104RA12, IA3027, IA3027RA12, IA2102RA12 and IA3051RA12
*ORGANIC production uses about 50% less energy and builds healthier soils. 21-year study comparing organic and conventional agricultural methods by the Research Institute of Organic Agriculture in Frick, Switzerland, and at the Swiss Federal Research Station for Agroecology and Agriculture in Zurich. • www.non-gmoreport.com
CONTACT: taylorseeds@evertek.net • 712-261-2345 • 3320 Taft Ave, Hartley, IA 51346 28
EVENT MARKETING program Printing & Publishing Banners & Posters Graphic & Web Design Social Media Marketing App Design Corporate Sponsorship Packages
877.443.9286 sales@reachurmarket.com
www.reachurmarket.com 111 W. Washington St. • Suite 305 • East Peoria, IL 61611 29
Easy Way Cattle Care manufacturers the highest quality cattle oilers and livestock pest control products available on the market!
Sioux City Location Coming Soon! 1827 Tieken Dr., Osceola, IA 641.223.8171
Hwy 30 W., Grand Junction, IA 515.738.2571
Hwy 30 E., Carroll, IA 712.792.9294
2425 NE 126th Ave., Elkhart, IA 515.367.3054
1132 31 st Ave., Council Bluffs, IA 712.366.5221
710 E Hwy 275., Neligh, NE 402.887.5638
Products • Cattle Saver • Walkway Oiler • Brush Oiler P.O. Box 325 Decorah, IA 52101
• Mineral Feeder • Scratcher • Buffalo Feeder
563-387-0932 www.easywaycattlecare.com
Whether buying or selling, let our experience here at Lamoni Livestock Auction work for you. Auctions Every Thursday 9:30 & 11:30am
Lamoni Livestock Auction Inc. P.O. Box 100 | Lamoni, IA 50140 | 641-784-3323 30
3 SIMPLE STEPS FOR
OVEN ROASTING BEEF Larger or thicker cuts of beef benefit most from roasting in the oven. Although it requires more time, roasting is the simplest cooking method because it requires little attention.
1
STEP
CHOOSE YOUR CUT Some of the best cuts for oven roasting include: Top Loin Roast
2
STEP
3
Tenderloin Roast
PREPARE YOUR BEEF
Best Tool: Roasting Pan
Place roast (directly from the refrigerator), fat side up, on rack in shallow roasting pan. (The exception is the Rib roast; the ribs form a natural rack). Heat oven to temperature specified in guidelines (reverse).
STEP
Ribeye Roast
Insert ovenproof meat thermometer so tip is centered in thickest part of roast, not resting in fat or touching bone.
Season roast with herbs and seasonings, as desired.
Do not add water. Do not cover.
COOK YOUR BEEF Roast according to guidelines (reverse). Then, transfer roast to carving board and tent loosely with aluminum foil.
(Temperature will continue to rise 5°F to 10°F to reach desired doneness and roast will be easier to carve).
Let stand 15 to 20 minutes.
Tip: How to Carve a Rib Roast Insert fork from the side, below the top rib. Carve across the “face” of the roast toward the rib bone.
Turn roast on side and place on carving board. (If necessary, remove a thin slice to stabilize roast.)
Cut along the rib bone with the tip of knife to release a slice of beef. To serve, slide knife; steadying from above with the fork and lifting slice onto plate.
For more simple meal ideas, nutrition information and cooking tips, visit
BeefItsWhatsForDinner.com
© 2011, CATTLEMEN’S BEEF BOARD AND NATIONAL CATTLEMEN’S BEEF ASSOCIATION
31
COMPANY PHONE WEBSITE
ADVERTISING INDEX
2016
32
Ag Iron
319-385-2000
Air Ride Technologies, LLC
308-946-2420
All Pro Door Co.
712-792-5133
Astro Buildings
402-367-7784
Bierbaum AC Tractor Museum
712.778.2586
Buffalo Bill Museum
563-289-5580
buffalobillmuseumleclaire.com
Dillon Law, PC
563-578-1850
www.50674law.com
Doyle Equipment Manufacturing Co. 217-222-1592
www.doylemfg.com
www.airridecab.com www.astrobuildings.com
Drinkall Family Forage Enterprises
507-259-8093
drinkallfamforageent.wix.com/dffe
Easy Way Mfg.
563-387-0932
www.easywaycattlecare.com
Faber’s Farm Equipment
866-841-1814
www.fabersfarm.com
Farber Bags
800-553-9068
www.farberbags.com
Fehr Cab Interiors Co.
815-692-3355
www.fehrcab.com
Groff Ag, LLC
877-568-9816
www.groffag.com
HoneyComb Corporation
503-826-5411
www.honeycombcorp.com
Iowa Grain Systems
641-990-8852
www.iowagrainsystems.com
JD Skiles Co
785-626-9338
www.jdskiles.com
Lamoni Livestock Auctions
641-784-3323
www.lamonilivestock.com
Longnecker Fertilizers
515-382-4441
www.longneckerfertilizers.com
Machine Service, Inc.
620-427-4200
www.machineserviceinc.com
Mid-Continent Properties
402-334-0256
mid-continentproperties.com
Midwest Livestock Systems
402-223-5281
www.midwestlivestock.com
Northwest Ag Supply LLC
712-728-9980
www.northwestagsupply.com
Quality Structures
785-835-6100
www.qualitystructures.com
Rawhide Portable Corral
785-263-3436
www.rawhideportablecorral.com
RL Fleckvieh
319-521-4389
www.rllimerockranch.com
Roberts Seed,Inc
308-743-2565
www.robertsseed.com
Rockwell Cooperative Telephone Association 641-822-3211
www.rockwellcoop.com
Rueter’s
515-367-3054 www.rueterco.com
Sinclair Tractor
641-622-3838
Taylor Seeds
712-261-2345
Tri-State Grain Conditioning, Inc.
800-438-8367
Wilhelm Family Angus
515-971-0343
Wishing Well Angus
319-461-6554
www.tsgcinc.com
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Grain Processing: Food Grade - Quality Seed - Feed
Certified Organic Non GMO 33
Bulls & Bred Females for Sale
24146 118th St. • Columbus Junction IA 52738
R C T A
Rockwell Cooperative Telephone Association
“Building for the Future” 111 4th St. N. Rockwell, IA 50469
Keeping Area Farmers Connected to the World!
• Telephone • Internet • Cable • Cellular
641-822-3211 • www.rockwellcoop.com 34
tanks by
Nurse Trailers Bumper Pull or Goose Neck
101 Grant Atwood, KS
1-800-626-9338
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Turbo Tank Stainless Steel Inductor Tank Jug Knives, Tank Rinse Jug Rinse, and Jet Rinse
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