Mar - Apr 2014 - International Aquafeed by Perendale Publishers Ltd

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

The Role of prebiotics in Pangasius production Poultry hydrolysates enhance stress resistance & stress tolerance – in Pacific white shrimp

Microalgae and aquaculture – feed and cycle management

Fish Farming Technology supplement

Aquaculture UK – our 16 page guide to the UK's premier aquaculture event

Vo l u m e 1 7 I s s u e 2 2 0 1 4 -

MARCH | APRIL

www.indolivestock.com

AQUA

FEED

CONTENTS

AN INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR THE AQUACULTURE FEED INDUSTRY - INCORPORATING FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Aqua News 3 4 8 9

Monitors at a glance Summary of outcomes from FAO’s COFI meeting on the fish trade Aquaculture act to provide 20,000 possible jobs Methiopedia - a technical reference book for methionine

Features 10 14 20 23 26 32 34 46

The role of prebiotics in pangasius production Poultry hydrolysates enhance stress resistance and stress tolerance in Pacific white shrimp Microalgae and aquaculture - feed and cycle management Marine laboratory introduces elegant microalgal ‘bubble column’ Dietary biological additives effect on feed utilization in Nile tilapia Fish feed industry in Egypt: constraints and solutions The holistic approach to automation and moisture control technology in aquafeed mills Aquaculture technology - product showcase

Regular items 7 THE AQUACULTURISTS 24 PHOTOSHOOT 36 EXPERT TOPIC - SHRIMP 42 INDUSTRY EVENTS FAMI-QS is celebrating its 10-year anniversary Aquaculture Europe 2014 set on San Sebastián, Spain 44 CLASSIFIED ADVERTS XIV THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW (as part of our Aquaculture UK supplement) 48 INDUSTRY FACES

International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom. All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2014 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

Also

Our 16 in this issue: Technolopage Fish Farm ing gy cen supplem tre section Aquacult ent: ure preview UK

www.perendale.co.uk

Editor Professor Simon Davies Email: simond@aquafeed.co.uk Associate Editors Dr Albert Tacon Email: albertt@perendale.co.uk Dr Yu Yu Email: yuy@perendale.co.uk Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) Email: mai@perendale.co.uk Editorial Advisory Panel • Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt) • Dr Albert Tacon (USA) • Professor António Gouveia (Portugal) • Professor Charles Bai (Korea) • Colin Mair (UK) • Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK) • Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada) • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece) • Dr Kim Jauncey (UK) • Eric De Muylder (Belgium) • Dr Pedro Encarnação (Singapore) • Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy) Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan Email: tutit@aquafeed.co.uk Design & Page Layout James Taylor Email: jamest@aquafeed.co.uk International marketing team (UK) Darren Parris Email: darrenp@aquafeed.co.uk Lee Bastin Email: leeb@aquafeed.co.uk Tom Blacker Email: tomb@perendale.co.uk Latin American Ivàn Marquetti Email: ivanm@perendale.com Pablo Porcel de Peralta Email: pablop@perendale.com India Raj Kapoor Email: rajk@perendale.com Africa Nathan Nwosu Email: nathann@perendale.com Australasia Roy Palmer Email: royp@perendale.com More information: International Aquafeed 7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267706 Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk

Creoso - welcome This editorial is being written on St Davids’ day (March 1st), the patron Saint of my native Wales so the welcome in Welsh above is so apt.

was able to escape at least temporarily escape the vicious storms that have affected large parts of England and Wales this year since Christmas causing havoc and very prolonged flooding. I attended the Aquaculture America 2014 conference in Seattle with members of my research group from Plymouth. The weather in the Pacific North west was at least more stable, but still cold although dry. These events are very valuable for me to catch up on friends, both technical and academic, and an excellent opportunity to meet students and the next generation of aquaculture specialists. It was a pleasure again to meet Dr Aaron Watson who has now joined the South Carolina, Department of Natural Resources and who has written reports for us on several occasions.

Professor Simon Davies

However, I did find the trade show rather subdued this year with a noticeable lack of detail and information about products and what appeared to be scaled- down stands and fewer personnel representing organisations and industry. It is of course a very American event but I was disappointed by the degree of international attendance as this would be an excellent opportunity to forge business and create synergy between nations engaged in aquaculture. It would certainly have been good to see a more Asian presence as Seattle is within reasonable reach of Asia and China especially. Hopefully, an improved economic up turn could lead to a more prominent event in New Orleans in 2015, where it should be a few degrees warmer for most of us.

In our ‘spring’ issue

For this spring issue we report on a number of interesting developments in the aquaculture feed sector with news on the inclusion of animal by-products that are becoming important again in Europe. Also we report on the algal scene with a feature entitled Microalgae and aquaculture: - feed and cycle management by Thomas Wencker, Regina Storandt, Dr Peter Waldeck (all IGV Biotech), Janine Dinske (Terra Urbana GmbH), Wilfried Lehmann (Spezialfuttermittelwerk Beeskow GmbH). Also we feature an article entitled ‘Effect of Different Sources and Levels of some Dietary Biological Additives on Feed Utilization by Nile Tilapia Fish’ by Abdelhamid, A.M. Animal Production Deptartment, Facilty of Agriculture, Al-Mansourah University, Al-Mansourah, Egypt; and M.E.A. Seden and O.A. Zenhom, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbasa, Abo-Hammad, Egypt. The ‘holistic’ approach to automation and moisture control technology in aquafeed mills by Yannks Christodoulou, President, Agentis Innovations, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand, complements our technology sector.

Trout focus

Our special coverage of trout as the fish focus is timely as this industry has declined so much in the UK due to financial pressures and increasing environmental constraints. This is a real pity since it’s my favourite fresh water fish for eating with a delicate flavour, quality and texture. Indeed the Idaho trout farms in the US are well established and I tasted a lovely white fleshed fish in Seattle since in the American market dietary pigments are not commonly used for trout production. On the other hand there is much potential for the UK aquaculture industry as a whole to expand (unless of course our Scottish cousins elect to separate in September) England and Wales may benefit from developments in land-based systems with investments in recirculation systems for novel candidate species and also a growing interest in small sector aquaponics.

Expansion towards 2020

I hope you enjoy reading this issue and keep to date with current news and features that assist your businesses and interests. Aquaculture is certainly going to expand towards 2020 with a clear need to address growing production in terms of sustainability and to meet the quality of products through better feed and health management. International aquafeed will always endeavour to lead the way in bringing you the latest information and news coverage with professional technical input and expertise from around the world.

Aqua News

Monitors at a glance

esigned specifically for aquaculture systems, the YSI 5200A (DO, pH, Conductivity, Salinity, ORP, Temperature), 5500D (optical

To ‘Omega-3’ or not to ‘Omega-3’

feed timer software is included with every monitor. This is a very powerful feeding interface with most powered feeders. You can manage feed deliveries

Ioannis Zabetakis, assistant professor of food chemistry, university of Athens, Greece

T DO) and the 5400 (galvanic DO) bring integrate process control, feeding, alarm and data management into one product - or into an entire network. These products make your job easier and can greatly improve the efficiency at your facility, says the company YSI from Monitoring and controlling with the 5200A, 5500D, and 5400 is managed locally by the instrument, not at a central PC or device, providing security that an entire system won't fail. Easy can be used with a low, total overall cost of ownership. User-scalable as a facility needs change, unlike typical PLCs or DCPs and does not require engineers or programmers to change or add to the system. With the ability to measure multiple probes, and vir tually any parameter and multiple locations, you can design a total solution. The Feed Smar t conditional

based on user-selectable inputs for the number of daily feedings, daily feed weights, total biomass and feed conver sion ratios (FCRs) along with parameter control based on water quality values which reduces, or stops, feeding as water quality deteriorates. With AquaManager, you will have access to quality data (water quality parameters, event logs, etc.) to better manage your operation and improve efficiency. SMS and email alarms quickly notify if parameters are exceeding user-defined limits. Data can be easily accessed remotely using AquaManager and/or our AquaViewer app. More

information:

YSI Incorporated 1700/1725 Brannum Lane Yellow Springs, Ohio 45387-1107 USA Tel: +1 937-767-7241 Fax: +1 937-767-9353 Fax Email: environmental@ysi.com Website: www.ysi.com/

IAF is sponsoring the World Aquaculture Adelaide 2014 Photo Competition. A panel of experts will determine a winner and runner-ups with prizes going to all three. Entries should be submitted by 1st May 2014 to:

photocomp@perendale.co.uk More details can be found on the IAF website at: www.aquafeed.co.uk IAF will announce the winners and a selection of other entries.

oday, there is consider able controver sy regarding the association of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). According to some studies, the consumption of oily fish leads to increased levels of Omega-3 PUFAs and thereafter a favourable cardiovascular prognosis; this statement was supported with epidemiological data evaluated by metaanalyses and it has been linked to higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Clinically, men who consume oily fish at least once a week had a 50 percent lower incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Mechanistically, though, it is not clear how Omega-3 PUFAs work. Their postulated mechanism in preventing atherosclerosis could be through lowering the levels of triacylglycerol, preventing arrhythmias, decreasing platelet aggregation, or lowering blood pressure. On the other hand, the association of Omega-3 PUFAs and CVDs has been revised recently by evaluating all randomised trials on the supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs to adults. In a recent review (JAMA, 2012, vol. 308, p.1024), the results of 20 studies on 68,680 patients were evaluated and Omega-3 PUFAs were not found to be statistically significantly associated with CVDs in various patient populations. Then again, there is considerable doubt today if lowering blood cholesterol is a true prerequisite in order to protect ourselves from CVDs. In fact, cholesterol can be correlated with CVDs but without being a causal factor for it. Therefore, people with high levels of High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) face

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3

no higher risk for CVDs as the ratio (and not only the absolute levels!) of LDL to HDL is also important in disease prognosis.

Not addressing the nutritional value

With all the above in mind, it is rather surprising to see that most of the studies in aquaculture are not addressing the nutritional value of the final produce from the consumer point of view. People eat fish because they have been told that “fish is good for you” and this is valid and true. On top of that, aquaculture fish is even better since all raw ingredients and fish are constantly scrutinised under strict quality assurance procedures following all relevant requirements (for example, those of ISO22000, ISO9001, IFS, BRC, etc). The final product is thus fully checked in terms of safety and quality but also in terms of sensory properties. However, is it properly evaluated for its nutritional value against CVDs? If not, future research into the identification of fish lipids with specific cardioprotective activities could bring added value to aquaculture and be a viable marketing tool in promoting (functional) aquafeeds and fish. The commercial future can be bright if the functional properties of fish are emphasised on the label, after having carried out relevant bioassays. In doing so, it is rather vital to assess the full lipidomic spectrum for cardioprotective activities and not only the levels of Omega-3 PUFAs. Fish does contain polar lipids with strong anti-atherogenic proper ties and these molecules can be further exploited, both academically and commercially. izabet@chem.uoa.gr www.zabetakis.net

Aqua News

Sharing monitoring data via the GMP+ Monitoring Database

Johan den Hartog, managing director of GMP+ International, Rijswijk, The Netherlands

he GMP+ Feed Safety Assurance module, started in 1992 as a Good Manufacturing Practice code. Nowadays, it is a well-elaborated certification scheme for the whole feed chain, with a number of tools integrated in this scheme. One of these tools is the GMP+ Monitoring Database which is created to support GMP+ participants with managing their monitoring program. The GMP+ Monitoring Database was launched on January 29, 2014 as part of the new GMP+ portal. In this new database (groups of) companies can configure their own area for managing their analysis results of undesirable substances in feed materials but also (aqua)feed . All steps of the monitoring program can be followed in the GMP+ Monitoring database: from the sample planning up until the sharing of analysis results and the creation of reports of the results. The GMP+ Monitoring database is an extra service offered by GMP+ International to all GMP+ cer tified companies, free of charge. The database is made for and made by the GMP+ certified companies.

Sharing analysis results

Together with locations within a company or for instance members of a collective monitoring program, you can form a group allowing you to easily share your planning and analysis results. But you can also share individual analysis results with a customer.

Personalisation

The GMP+ Monitoring database provides plenty of personalization options. For instance, you can record your own product name in the system. In addition, you can add additional information to a sample, such as the sample taker’s name, the place where the sample was taken, etc. You can easily create the input fields for this.

Sending in analysis results

As soon as the laboratory has completed the analysis, they will provide the results. You can add these results to the GMP+ Monitoring database directly in the user-friendly web form. But you can also ask your laboratory to send in the results on your behalf. They can create an electronic message (Excel or XML file) containing all relevant data and import it in the GMP+ Monitoring database.

Basic version vs. plus version

The basic version of the GMP+ Monitoring database is a tool that is provided to all GMP+ certified companies without additional costs. But company specific add-ons in the GMP+ Monitoring database can also be created via a plus version. Please contact us for more information.

Want to know more about the GMP+ Monitoring database?

The GMP+ Monitoring database can be found in our portal. You can contact us via our contact form (put the following in the subject line: GMP+ Monitoring database). If you would rather contact us by phone, please call +31 703 074120.

Summary of outcomes from FAO’s COFI meeting on the fish trade

he 14th session of the FAO Sub-Committee on Fish Trade of the Committee of Fisheries (COFI) came to an end on February 28, 2014 following a full week meeting in Bergen, Norway. Here are the brief take-home messages for IAF readers from this absorbing FAO meeting hosted by the Norwegian Government: • The meetings are essential in ensuring that we bring the world’s fishing industry on a path of continuous improvement and this cannot be achieved if we do not communicate.There could be efficiencies made but it might mean cutting across cultures and that might create issues, so whilst the costs may be high it is important that the process continues. It is the cost of democracy someone said. Turning up is important • Learn more about FAO strategies and framework and, in particular, the Blue Growth Strategy (http://mediavisionz. com.au/global-seafood-tv/) • Everyone supported the key role played by fisheries and aquaculture in world food security, as a source of nutritious food and as a contributor to economic growth and development being a foundation of employment, livelihood and income. Additionally, the importance of FAO role in capacity building for developing countries and FAO was urged to continue to provide technical support to facilitate market access, value addition, post-harvest and food safety issues • Some members noted the growing role of certification and eco-label schemes and the potential additional burden and cost these could place on producers. The other side of the coin was that these schemes do provide the opportunity of communicating the existence of sustainable managed resources and many suggested that developing countries should be supported in overcoming problems related to these issues

4 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

• Everyone supported better integration of FAO work and the growing collaboration of FAO with other international organisations. Some members expressed concern regarding the budgetary situation and the availability of adequate budget to effectively accomplish fisheries related activities • During the meeting it was noted the added pressure coming on the FISH INFO network and encouraged FAO to continue its support and coordination of this network recognising the important contribution the organisations make in a regional capacity • The work on post-harvest losses was considered to be a major challenge for countries not having the infrastructure with processing and storage facilities. The Sub-Committee highlighted the potential of making more fish available for human consumption, improved use of by-products and retention of by-catch • The Committee supported the growing attention to gender issues in FAO projects and especially the inclusion of gender as a cost-cutting strategic objective in the new framework • There was good solid suppor t for the improvement of Harmonized System of Classification (HS) for fish products with World Customs Organisation. Suggestion on the improvement, including the utilisation of Taxonomic Serial Numbers to compliment the HS in creating a better breakdown for species which need to be monitored more precisely, such as sharks and rays and the distinction of farmed and wild origin in trade data • On Fish Trade and Human Nutrition, a relatively new agenda item for this SubCommittee, there was much agreement about the need to increase fish consumption • It was acknowledged that the positive statements from the OECD-FAO Outlook 2013-

Aqua News 2022 relating to increased harvests of wild capture fisheries be attributed to resilience in rebuilding plans in a number of countries • The Sub-Committee emphasised the importance of a transparent, robust and harmonized trading system, with measures applied in a transparent, consistent and non-discriminatory manner in accordance with applicable WTO rules. Some members expressed concern about the growing inequality in fish trade, in particular along the value-chain with the low share of retail prices obtained by fish producers, in particular small-scale fishermen and fish farmers. To that end the Sub-Committee suppor ted FAO’s work on the value-chain analysis of international fish trade conducted 2009-2012. Further analysis of the relationship between stakeholders in the value-chain, including how prices and margins vary according to the relative position in the chain, would be beneficial • The issue of unilateral trade measures and fisheries subsidies was raised by some members. Many members stressed that any unilateral measures should be applied consistently with the relevant WTO agreements. It was underlined that enhanced dialogue and consultation among countries would benefit international trade • In the area of effects of ecolabelling schemes on fisheries the Sub-Committee expressed concerns about a range of issues relating to schemes, including their potential to create trade restrictions and generate increased costs. They noted the importance of FAO’s cooperation with WTO and other intergovernmental organisations in providing technical advice on eco-labelling schemes and their impact on international seafood trade. Amongst other issues the Sub-Committee agreed that more research is needed on the impact of eco-labels on the sustainability of fisheries and economic returns to producers.

• The Sub-committee discussed the UN General Assembly Fisheries Resolution’s call for FAO work on catch documentation schemes and noted the usefulness of such schemes in the fight against illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. An offer of finance to arrange expert consultation on catch documentation schemes in line with terms of reference to be agreed by COFI for such work was noted. The following principles to apply to catch documentation schemes being inconformity with the provisions of relevant international law; not create unnecessary barriers to trade; equivalence; risk-based; reliable, simple, clear and transparent; and electronic if possible. Additionally, it was re-iterated that cost-benefit considerations should also be undertaken before the introduction of any new catch documentation scheme • The small-scale sector and its contribution to sustainable livelihoods was a subject that received much discussion and will be the subject of additional separate communiques. The new Strategic Objectives for FAO, acknowledged by the SubCommittee as priority areas for support of FAO, bring this area firmly into the mix of important activities and actions. • There was discussion and suppor t from the Subcommittee for FAO cooperation with CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) whose General Secretary underscored the good collaboration at the meeting. Sharks, skates and rays are the current areas where the Sub-Committee strongly supported elaboration of specific codes in the 2017 edition of the Harmonized Systems classification by the WCO and this work was stressed as being of importance for the improvement in shark trade data. • Finally, it was decided that the next FAO COFI Subcommittee meeting on Fish Trade will take place in the Kingdom of Morocco at a date yet to be decided.

Plenty to do after wars move on

Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture without Frontiers

ollowing on from the excellent Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) Session at Asian Pacific Aquaculture in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, in 2013 we had another terrific group of speakers at Seattle in February at American Aquaculture 2014. I was able to co-chair with Antonio Garza d’Yta and the session and opened with Gleyn Bledsoe presenting, “Aquaculture as a Successful and Sustainable Instrument for Affecting Economic Recover y and Development in a Post War Environment”. This was a harrowing stor y highlighting how women, children and the poor/needy are always the most disadvantaged in these circumstances. Additionally, the stories of survival from horrific injuries to re-build a new beginning were quite stirring. Gleyn ended with some bright hopes for the future in Sri Lanka and indicated that entrepreneurial individuals would likely succeed in the long run. We are going to discuss with Gleyn how AwF can assist him in his attempts to turns these issues around. A similar story unfolded from Joseph R Sullivan in his presentation regarding Liberia, entitled, “Bootstrapping Aquaculture from Production to Marketing in Developing Nations”. Joseph spoke of some of the basic elements from hand-sexing for all male-tilapia to pituitary spawning of catfish; focusing on novel feed components that are nutritious but not in demand for human food; increasing the quality of the fish sold as that creates higher prices; and how co-ops can be good (helping to get the equipment/supplies individual farmers can’t get) and bad (creating division of labor/ sectors).

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 5

Looking to expand her horizons in aquaculture, Angela Caporelli, (engaged in the current ballot to be the next WAS Secretary), gave the audience a terrific overview of her visit to Kenya as a volunteer for AwF through the USAID program. Angela went to Kenya with Mar ty Riche and they worked in the Rift Valley and Coastal Provinces. One of the aspects, highlighted in Angela’s summation that AwF will be following through on will be the need for an in-depth training program including all aspects of aquaculture and a well-trained extension person to start aquaculture development in the area. The session had two presentations about AwF’s fir st Aquaculture Learning Centre (ALC) in Mexico. Scott Lindell gave a talk on the work that he and Rick Karney did when visiting Mexico on the USAID program administered for AwF through Kevin Fitzsimmons/University of Arizona. A bright future was suggested for the oyster program being developed through the ALC, so onward and upward in that direction. It is seen as a priority strategy as AwF is keen to develop small business activities enabling there to be some sustainable outcomes. Antonio spoke in general terms regarding the future of the Mexican ALC and suggested that terrific prospects existed with Government organisations such as CONAPESCA and INAPESCA, and through alliances with WAS-LACC, GILLS and RAA (Red de Acuicultura de las Americas). We have lots to do so must move on. Thank you very much for reading this and if you feel the need to assist we have yet to turn anyone down, so do not hesitate to contact me.

AQUACULTURE

view

by Dominique P Bureau, member of the IAF Editorial Panel

Feeding a Growing Human Population in an Efficient, Safe and EnvironmentallyFriendly Manner As the world population continues to increase, food security on a global scale is becoming a key priority. Feeding nine billion people by 2050 represents a formidable challenge. Along with population growth, economic growth and the rise of the middle class in several countries are leading to significant increase in the demand for food products of animal origins. Global consumption of animal food products is projected to rise 73 percent by 2050, while dairy demand is expected to grow by 58 percent from current levels (FAO, 2011). The FAO estimates that the world needs to boost output of cereals by 1 billion tonnes and produce 200 million extra tonnes of livestock products a year by 2050 to feed a growing population who is consuming increasing amount of animal food products. In this context, livestock production, including aquaculture, should use natural resources more efficiently to meet ever-growing demand. Animal diets should increasingly be based on the valorization of food resources deemed unsuitable (or less desirable) for human consumption. However, we must also ensure that animal food products are

safe, nutritious and health promoting, while produced in a manner that is ethical and financially and environmentally viable. Agricultural commodities (grains and oilseeds) are increasingly processed to extract nutrients and resources for human use (e.g. starch, proteins, bio-fuels). There is considerable potential to add value to the diverse coproducts generated by agriculture, food and bio-fuel industries, by generating novel feeds that fit the needs of the animal industry. Moreover, it is estimated that about 97% of all agricultural and food waste is plowed back in the field, land-filled or incinerated. While efforts to compost or find industrial uses for wastes are underway, it is widely agreed that the valorization of co-products and agricultural, industrial and food wastes through their use as feeds for farm and companion animals represents a more sustainable option since valuable (and increasingly expensive) nutrients can be more meaningfully recovered and used. Valorization of wastes and coproducts generated by agriculture, food and bio-fuel industries as animal feed resources represents nonetheless important challenges, including (1) variability in the availability, chemical composition and nutritional composition of these potential feed resources, (2) food safety and public health (e.g. contamination with pathogens and deleterious substances), (3) regulations governing use of co-products and (4) logistics and economics (cost/benefit). A number of innovative technologies are available to address some of these challenges. Research and the development and adoption of new technologies has over the past several decades greatly enhanced livestock production by improving efficiency of dietary resource use, the health and welfare of animals and reducing the output of waste per unit of food product produced. Stakeholders of the industry must continue to work together to address the major challenges of efficiently and ethically meeting the needs of growing and increasingly affluent human population. Agree or disagree? Any comments? Please don't hesitate to send me feedback or suggestions at dbureau@uoguelph.ca I am always very happy to interact with IAF readers!

Aqua News

Practices negative for horseshoe crabs

he blood of horseshoe crabs is often harvested from live crabs for use in pharmaceuticals; the major product from their blood being limulus amebocyte lysate. A product, which is used throughout the medical and pharmaceutical industry. According to University of New Hampshire and Plymouth State University these living crabs are being too heavily bled - har vesting approximately thirty percent of their total blood; leading to a mortality rate of twenty to thirty percent. After conducting experiments it was concluded that

the horseshoe crabs would become heavily disoriented which drastically changed their behavior. After further analysis it was determined that this would have a further adverse effect if done during their breeding season. It still isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t clear what practices are most negative for the horseshoe crabs in question, whether it is the transportation process or bleeding process. Regardless, many within the biomedical industry believe that the practice must become more sustainable and if we fail to do so it might be detrimental to coastal ecosystems.

Offshore developments in Shri Lanka

ith the assistance of Oceanpick Sri Lanka has established its first offshore aquaculture production area. Holding the hope of producing Barramundi fish off the China Bay, Trincomalee - using the countries first sea cage to do so. Investing an

initial $1.5 million on equipment with the expectancy of the total overhead reaching $4 million in expenditures. The Barramundi fish are initially held in a tank environment until they become more developed - later being released into the enclosed cage zone for future harvest

Extreme weather causes salmon escape

Antibiotics in aquaculture

xtremely poor weather has resulted in the escape of approximately 155,000 salmon from a Shetland fish farm. Meridian Salmon Group has confirmed that damage caused to its fish cages at the Ness of Copister, on the island of Yell, from strong winds and heavy seas led to the escape, which represents almost half of its total farmed fish of some 364,000 salmon. The remaining salmon have been relocated.

here is a looming fear of how antibiotics in aquaculture are used. Creating more adaptive strains as they are used on each level of the production chain - so they are only available for use for a selective time before becoming obsolete. As such Aidan Hollis from the University of Calgar y proposes that a user fee be added to those aquaculture produces whom use anti-biotics. However this ar ticle challenges that notion; emphasizing on the simple fact that aquaculture only produces 150,000kg of anti-biotics per year, the same equivalent as the amount produced for pets - alternatively livestock produces 13,540,000kg of anti-biotics per year. With aquaculturalists using approximately 50 grams of anti-biotics per tonne of feed and 5 grams per tonne of fish produced. When looking at the numbers it can be simply stated the aquaculture has a nonimpact on the proliferation of anti-biotics.

Danish Aquaculture

enmark has made great strides on improving its policies in order to facilitate future aquaculture growth and development. Focusing on its development of a new strategy to put greener technologies at the fore front of fish farm production. Implementing state-of-the-art recirculation which vastly improves efficiency and sustainability of Danish fish farms - exponentially outweighing the possible costs of implementing the technology.

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• Iceland Ocean Cluster - Fish processing • Pia Winberg, Australia Seaweed Production • Ilaria Nardello, Ireland European Projects • Allma & A4F, Por tugal Microalgae • Tiago Henriques, Portugal Biomaterials • HSH Prince Alber t II of Monaco - Awarded

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arine-based bio-industries received an injection of suppor t today with the launch of BioMarine TV. This is a new 'news' service, offered through Bio-Marine Organisation Ltd in partnership with Paris-based MLG Events, that has been launched today and is available on the internet through YouTube.

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Biomarine TV has arrived

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Aqua News

The Aquaculturists A regular look inside the aquaculture industry GAA collaborates with Chinese food operator The Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) has signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Wuhan Lanesync Supply Chain Management Co. Ltd., in order to cross-promote both organisations’ activities and the advancement of responsible aquaculture. Based in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, Wuhan Lanesync handles purchasing, distribution, logistics, marketing, processing and other activities for more than 35,000 restaurants and hotels throughout China. http://bit.ly/1j4UCqr Adisseo publishes METHIOPEDIA, the technical reference book for methionine On the occasion of its Rhodimet®AT 88 production plant start-up in Nanjing, China, Adisseo is publishing Methiopedia - The Methionine Reference Book, intended for nutritionists, purchasers, formulators and technical managers within the premix and feed industries, as well as students, who want to enhance their knowledge of methionine and its use. bit.ly/1hFcHbY

The sub-five minute inaugural video is presented by newsreader Ginie Van de Noort and reports on recent news items related to the biomarine industry in a quickfire format. News items covered in this first edition of Biomarine TV includes:

A featured interview:

P i e r r e E r we s , C h a i r m a n BioMarine / Marine Bioresources Ecosystem (Pierre offers anyone with news to contact him "if you wish to add some visibility, be interviewed, or co-develop a web series" on: pierre.erwes@biomarine.org)

Seaweed Could be Next New Biofuel New research from the University of Greenwich reveals that seaweed can be effectively used as a liquid bio-fuel; providing another renewable energy source. Unlike other bio-fuels; seaweed provides an alternative option that does not cut into food production - "First generation fuels such as bio-ethanol from sugarcane and corn, or biodiesel from rape seed and palm oil, are in direct competition with food for arable land and water. As such that have an adverse effect on food prices and supply." bit.ly/1hMaU59

NUMBER CRUNCHING

34% of the total Canadian marine value is provided by aquaculture 14,500 - people within Canada were employed full time by the aquaculture industry in 2010.

20 - years is the time it took for Canada to increase its aquaculture industry four fold. 51% - is the percentage of Canadian aquaculture is produced in British Columbia. 50/50 - is the ratio of aquaculture production by the Pacific and Atlantic Coast along Canada’s border.

Source: Canadian Government – Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada; 2013

$690.9 million - was the value produced in Canada by Atlantic salmon, becoming Canada’s top aquaculture export. $36.2 million - is the value of blue mussel shellfish exports from Canada, becoming its top shellfish export.

Marine laboratory introduces elegant microalgal ‘bubble column’ Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK, well known for its environmental research, has expanded its interests into commercial algal biomass production; but it’s not the algae they are selling but the means to grow them. After 30 years of growing microalgae for research purposes, PML is now utilising this knowledge and expertise to provide solutions to the wider community. The first product out of the laboratory and onto the production line is a bubble column-style photobioreactor for growing microalgae. bit.ly/1lyJm72

New Funding for WA YTK Through the Regional Grants Scheme, Royalties for Regions a grant of $1.3m is being made to the overall trial project cost of $2.145m for a trial grow-out of up to 30,000 Yellowtail Kingfish fingerlings at Champion Bay, Geraldton, Western Australia. The initial trial in 2008-09 received $605,595 from the same source which sees additional collaboration between the Marine Fishfarmers Association (MFA) and Indian Ocean Fresh Australia (IOFA). bit.ly/1iVdqX4

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 7

www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com

Aqua News

Aquaculture act to provide 20,000 possible jobs

ithin the last 20 year s, the aquaculture industr y has grown exponentially within Canada - increasing fourfold in industrial and economic capacity. Aquaculture in 2010 represented 34% of Canada's total marine value. Salmon farming in British Columbia contributes $800 million per year to the provincial economy, with the massive

that it would be possible for the industry to further employ 8000 more people by 2020, increasing to 20,000 in 2035. The major determination for this future growth relies on the ability to secure legislation that works with ocean farmers and cements guidelines which allows investors as well as farmers to develop long term goals. By implementing the proper

legislation, we set the stage for future growth and acknowledge the aquaculture industries legitimacy. Developing the framework that will define what aquaculture actually is under federal law. Hopefully in the future this will give aquaculture farmers the oppor tunity to maintain public interest, while having the freedom to expand and grow the sector for years to come.

synthesize DNA, repair DNA, and methylate DNA and it is especially impor tant in aiding rapid cell division and growth, such as in infancy and pregnancy. Children and adults both require folate to produce healthy red blood cells and prevent anemia. Folate occurs naturally in many

foods, and you will always hear about its connections with dark green leafy vegetables but rarely will it be explained that one of the best foods for natural folate are Oysters (other molluscs also rate highly). The medical profession and the industry are far too defensive to promote but maybe now is the time!

As this report highlights the UK Government is being urged to press ahead with mandatory fortification of bread and flour with folic acid in a bid to reduce neural tube defects in foetuses. Perhaps a mollusc promotion would not only be good for the industry but also be great for the health of the nation.

Our knowledge of the many life-forms on Ear th - of animals, plants, fungi, protists and bacteria - is scattered around the world in books, journals, databases, websites, specimen collections, and in the minds of people everywhere. The group of people and organisations

behind EoL are continuing to gather this information together and make available to everyone – anywhere – at a moment’s notice. Just recently they have launched TraitBank, which is a searchable, comprehensive, open digital repositor y for organism traits,

measurements, interactions and other facts for all taxa across the tree of life. TraitBank currently features over three million records related to more than 250 attributes for 272,720 taxa obtained from 32 data sources. Read the encyclopedia here: http://eol.org

potential for further growth and expansion. It is estimated that the salmon industry might raise in value to $1.4 billion in 2020; further increasing to $3.5 billion in 2035. It will be necessary to implement proper aquaculture acts and legislation in order to facilitate this growth within the industr y. BCSF's Executive Director Jeremy Dunn states

The time for oyster promotion

olate/Folic acid is essential for numerous bodily functions – a slight deficiency can lead to lots of health problems. Humans cannot do not create their own folate/folic acid; so, folate has to be supplied through the diet to meet daily requirements. Humans need folate to

Encyclopedia of life

es this exists – increasing the awareness and understanding of living nature through an Encyclopedia of Life (EoL) that gathers, generates, and shares knowledge in an open, freely accessible and trusted digital resource is a massive resource.

AQUACULTURE UPDATES A q u a c u l t u re f a r m s t o u s e geothermal resources Aquaculture farms in Mindoro will be growing large volumes of Tilapia, Sea Bass and Shrimp through the utilization of geothermal plants. This will provide a controlled water temperature that is also nutrientrich, which can be utilized in order to grow high quality fish. (EPI) Emerging Power Inc is hoping to implement this development and work in conjunction with Mindoro fisherman in a joint venture. Launching the joint venture with a 40-megawatt plant costing $180 million; the geothermal water will allow a temperature of 36 to 38 degrees to be maintained within the fish tanks - shortening the breeding

cycle of the fish drastically. The Environment Protection Authority (EPA) in Western Australia has provided the green light for the development of aquaculture in the North West of Derby. It is estimated that the allocated 2,000 hectare zone will produce 20,000 tonnes of fin fish per year. "It provides an investment-ready platform that companies who want to come in, or existing companies who want to expand, can actually use." says Steve Nel; aquaculture manager for the Department of Fisheries. By 2030, China is projected to account for 38 percent of the wor lds total consumption of fish. As the worlds middle class exponentially grows; so will the demand for fish - After 2030, 70% of the worlds total fish produce will be consumed by Asia. With

this demand for fish looming, China and other nations are exponentially increasing their investment within the aquaculture industry. Hundreds if not thousands of school children are learning about fish through a unique initiative in the USA called 'Trout in the Classroom'. The project began when Monica Willits of Byron a small town in Minnesota, USA visited Stewartville Middle School in February last year. She asked a class decorated with fish, "Do you like fish?" It was to have wide-ranging impact. As it happens, Willits is youth education coordinator for Hiawatha Trout Unlimited (TU) and was looking for classrooms for TU's 'Trout in the Classroom' projects in this region. Directorate of Fisheries announced that Cermaq was

8 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

awarded five of the fifteen new green licenses in group B. There were in total 72 bids in this category and the fifteen highest bids had a value between NOK 55 mill and NOK 66 mill. Cermaq's bid prices were NOK 63 mill for three licenses and NOK 55 mill for two licenses. We are ver y pleased with the outcome of this first round of allocation of green licenses, and are convinced that we will develop these licenses in a positive way for Cermaq and its shareholders, says CEO Jon Hindar. Cermaq will provide information as to where the new licenses will be located, total investment and the timing of the expected increase in production when the outcome of the remaining allocation of licenses in groups A and C have been announced and Cermaq has concluded it final investment plan.

Aqua News

Methiopedia - a technical reference book for methionine Published by Adisseo

n the occasion of its Rhodimet®AT 88 production plant start-up in Nanjing, China, Adisseo is

Methiopedia gives precise data on hydrolysis, absorption, and intestinal transport of these different sources.

ities (CERN - Center of Expertise and Research in Nutrition Commentry, France). “These trials and their meta–

Pierre Casamatta, Adisseo, global business director, methionine & sulphur products

publishing ‘Methiopedia - The Methionine Reference Book’, intended for nutritionists, purchasers, formulators and technical managers within the premix and feed industries, as well as students, who want to enhance their knowledge of methionine and its use. “Being one of the first companies to have synthesised powder methionine in the 1940s, we considered that it could be of great interest to collect all the scientific information that Adisseo has gathered in research studies, trials and customer experience,” says Pierre Casamatta, Adisseo global business director of methionine and sulphur products. “Adisseo experts have compiled information on methionine from around the world, including the latest developments, from fundamental research to in-vivo trials performed both in independent experimental facilities and on commercial farms,” he explains. The book offers a complete description of the three forms of methionine – L-methionine (L-Met), DL-methionine (DL-Met) and DL-methionine hydroxy (DLHMTBA) – with their characteristics and properties. General chemical processes, metabolism and utilisation of each form are detailed in the book and

“Methiopedia includes research highlights on digestion and metabolism. Statistical models for doseresponse are discussed,” says Professor R.A. Swick from the University of New England in Australia. Methionine exhibits additional functions in animals beyond protein synthesis. These functions have been studied by a number of research teams, including Rachel Mar tin-Venegas, Univer sity of Barcelona, Spain and J. Buyse, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium and are also explained in Methiopedia: cellular-signaling function, protein expression, acidification, antioxidant potential. Besides physiological data, Methiopedia also provides a review of important animal performances (feed conversion, body weight gain, etc) with practical diets including DL-Methionine or DL-HMTBA, especially for broilers. These recent data have been compiled from trials on animals conducted at different institutes across the world, such as BARC, (Bangkok Research Center), Thailand; The China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; IRTA, Spain; INRA, France as well as Adisseo’s facil-

analysis show new evidence of the biological equivalency of both forms,” says Pierre Dalibard, global technical manager at Adisseo. Fur thermore, the technical aspects of incorporating DL-Met

or DL-HMTBA in feeds are developed by Adisseo experts in Methiopedia. They detail the different parameters involved in dosing and mixing accuracy, up to recovery tests, to ensure that the required level of methionine is reached in feed for both powder and liquid forms. Many technical results of recent trials carried out by Adisseo are provided in the book’s appendix, which also contains a selection of relevant abstracts or articles on methionine presented at the latest Adisseo Advancia Seminars. Every year since 2007 these meetings gather worldwide scientists and nutritionists to share research progress on sulphur amino acids.The most recent one was held on August 25, 2013 in Potsdam, Germany and drew 90 participants from around the world. More

information:

Methiopedia is available priced 39 Euros To order - https://sites.google.com/a/ adisseo.org/brands/rhodimet-methionine

VIV India 2014 April 23 - 25, 2014 | Bangalore, India

MORE INFORMATION visit our website www.viv.net Special theme

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 9

Join us at VIV India 2014 for the CropTechFeedTech Conferences. Digital engineering in feed industry & Nutrition including presentations, debates and international keynote presentations.

FEATURE

The role of prebiotics in pangasius production by Dr Serge Corneillie, general manager, Alltech Japan - Email: scorneillie@alltech.com

n India, the steady growth in freshwater aquaculture is led by the recent production of the Pangasius catfish. In fact, Andhra Pradesh, the fifth largest state in the country, is now know as the “Fish Bowl” of India for its rich production of pangasius. Catfish production is the fastest growing fish farming in the country’s aquaculture sector; however it appears as the higher the production increases, the higher the risk for disease outbreak among the species. Under intensive production methods and poor culture management, fish are exposed to stressful conditions leading to growth reduction and higher susceptibility to various diseases. Red disease often occurs during the change from the dry to rainy season and during the flood season. Signs of Red disease include the fraying and reddening of fins, and irregular, variably sized areas of de-pigmentation and red pigmentation that can develop anywhere on the body surface, leading to open sores and ulcers. Infections can occur in any age, but losses tend to be most severe in fry and small fingerlings. Pseudomonas fluorescens, thought to be the causative agent of the Red disease, or Bacterial Hemorrhagic Septiciemia disease of pondcultured fish, is considered a primary pathogen of freshwater and opportunistic pathogen for different fish species grown in marine and brackish waters worldwide. Clinical symptoms of the bacteria include darkening of the skin and hemorrhage in skins and the fins. According to a study conducted by the Department of Aquaculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University (Faruk, Md. A.R. 2008), the most prevalent symptoms of the Red disease in pangasius hypophthalmus, are red spot, followed by anal protusion, tail and fin rot, pop eye, dropsy and gill rot. The 100 fish farmers interviewed also reported other conditions like cotton wool type lesion, ulceration and white spot, but at lower rates. Economic losses were estimated to be 3.6 percent of the farmers’ total yearly income in fish production due to ill-health. The successful control of disease in aqua-

Table A: The length growth of catfish fry Treatment

Initial lengtj (cm)

0.6±0.02a

Final length (cm)

4.24±0.91a

4.39±0.99ab

4.99±1.22b

5.63±1.25c

Length gain (cm)

3.83±0.87a

3.97±0.90ab

4.74±1.26b

5.46±1.43c

DLG (cm/day)

0.13±0.03a

0.16±0.04b

0.18±0.05c

SGR (%/day)

6.70±0.76a

6.81±0.66ab

7.30±0.87b

7.72±0.86c

Table 1: Culture parameters in trial ponds. Area (ha)

Stocking Density (No/m2)

Initial average body weight (g)

Days of culture (DOC)

46,600

2.33

135

25,000

0.8

3.13

38,450

1.4

2.8

213

69,752

2.2

3.1

256

69,993

2.2

3.1

194

76,251

2.2

3.5

201

Stocking numbers

Ponds

aActigen™ at 1kg/tonne (applied along with premix in ﬂoating feed) bAntibiotic treatment. One at start of trial 4/10/2009 + following treatments at disease outbreak.

Note: As this is a ﬁeld trial, we were limited in controlling some parameters such as initial weight and days of culture.

culture requires a multifaceted approach, whereby better management practices are combined with the use of specially selected fish stock and adequate nutrition to improve overall fish health. In intensive culture systems, improvement of natural health and immunity in fish is dependent on proper nutrition. From a commercial perspective, mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) have been used in aqua diets for almost 20 years. The return on investment, based on increased performance and improvement in efficiency, has been demonstrated in countless academic and commercial trials. The major source of these functional carbohydrates is the cell wall fraction of bakers’ and brewers’ yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recently, new data has become available on a second-generation, purified and more bioactive fraction derived from a selected 10 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This natural Mannan Rich Fraction of carbohydrate (MRF) has been shown to block unfavorable organisms from the gut. This carbohydrate supports nutrient utilisation, maintains digestive function and enzyme activity, controls inflammation and reduces the gap between ideal and actual performance. These mechanisms have been confirmed using nutrigenomic data. (Note: The compound is commercially available as ActigenTM (Alltech Inc) which is a bioactive fraction derived from yeast cell wall and has shown favorable results on growth performance and health status of the pangasius catfish.) Indirectly, recent studies have illustrated the potential to reduce cost of antibiotic inputs in aquaculture through the improvement of gut health and nutrient absorption and ultimately a healthy immune status of the fish.

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FEATURE is yes, through the promotion of early gut development with nucleic acids, organic trace minerals as well as ‘feeding the gut’ to maintain intestinal health.

Recent research

Gut health and immunity

The gastrointestinal tract is a prominent part of the immune system. Microorganisms are kept at bay by an extensive immune system comprising gutassociated lymphoid tissue (GALT). In terrestrial animals including humans, the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract plays an important role in affecting nutrition, health of the host and in the balancing beneficial and harmful bacteria. A ratio of 80 percent beneficial to 20 percent harmful bacteria is considered normal. The bacteria in the water surrounding the fish are continuously ingested either with the feed or when the host is drinking, causing a natural interaction between the microbiota of the ambient environment and the gut environment. If the bacterial challenge exceeds a certain level, the health of the animal is in danger, as the animal alone cannot defend itself sufficiently. The potential for reducing stress and enhancing immunity and disease resistance by nutritional feed additives and functional feed materials has been demonstrated in warmblooded animals. However, very little work in this area has been conducted in aquaculture. Thus, the effects of nutrition and feeding strategies need to be assessed to develop economically viable feeds and feeding practices to optimize growth, improve stress resistance, immune response and disease resistance and improve the product quality of aquaculture species. However, is this really possible? The answer

A recent study in Vietnam examined how to improve the survival rate of striped catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) fingerlings by adding rotifers and Actigen. The trial, conducted from June 10 to September 20, 2012, focused on three diets containing 0.04% Actigen (2nd treatment), 0.08% Actigen (3rd treatment) and 0.12% Actigen (4th treatment) and one diet without containing Actigen (1st treatment) were evaluated. Rotifers and Actigen addition had positive results in improving survival rate as well as in stimulating growth rate of catfish fingerlings. The survival rate of the fish in the fourth treatment improved approximately 34 percent comparing to that in the first treatment. The more concentration of Actigen was added, the higher survival rate of fish achieved. Therefore, the average survival rate of the catfish fingerlings increased from the first treatment (8.31%), the second treatment (9.36%), the third treatment (10.13%) and the fourth treatment (11.16%) (see figure 4.1). The growth rate of fish also increased when increasing Actigen concentration added. The average length and weight of fish at the 30th day in 1st treatment was 4.24cm and 0.77g, 4.39cm and 0.82g for fish in 2nd treatment, 4.99cm and 0.93g for fish in 3rd treatment, 5.63cm and 1.08g for fish in 4th treatment (see figure 4.6). In another study in India, researchers looked at the immune competence of Pangasius hypophthalmus when subjected to the prebiotic during grow-out in ponds. This was conducted in a farm located in Losari, West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. The farm contained 30 ponds of which 20 suffered from higher than normal outbreaks of disease (see Table 1).

Table 2: Summary of production parameters and inputs used ABW (g) ﬁnal

Biomass Increase (g)

Feed Used (tonne)

Actigen used (kg)

Antibiotic used (g)

Mortality (number)

135

470

335

28.01

447

367

16.52

213

639

426

29.48

256

846

590

61.73

6.97

350

194

610

416

52.41

6.99

500

201

713

512

62.47

7.62

275

Figure 1. Growth performance of pangasius catﬁsh over three months The farm was applying antibiotics (Enrofloxacin @ 15g/tonne of fish biomass) to treat disease. As disease outbreaks became more frequent, the farmer faced losses from heavy mortalities and increasing costs of treatments. Researchers selected three ponds as treatment ponds (T1, T2, T3) and three control ponds (C1, C2, C3), where the standard procedure of using antibiotics was continued. During the three-month trial, weekly sampling by weighing 100 fish was carried out. Data recorded included growth rate and fish mortality (see Table 2 and Figure 1). The diets used were a standard balanced floating feed. The treatment diet contained the prebiotic at 1kg/tonne of feed. Fish in the control ponds were fed the standard balanced floating feed with antibiotic treatments added at 5g/tonne of fish biomass for five days in each application. The researchers concluded that the addition of the prebiotic helped in reducing the mortalities and dependence on the antibiotics and also ensured better returns for the farmer. Based on the above field observations they concluded that, the use of the prebiotic in the extruded feeds will enhance the complete utilization of feed, thereby leading to less excretion (less pollution) and higher profitability for the farmer.

Conclusion

ABW (g) Initial

Ponds

Figure 2: Survival rate of catfish fry

12 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

Often it has been hypothesized that fish invest more energy in immunity than in other physiological functions. Moreover, seasonality is thought to act as an important factor in determining the levels of fish physiology and immunological activity. However, the inclusion of certain immune enhancers can help fish to improve their immune status and spend less energy on those defense mechanisms leading to lower inputs for treating fish.

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Aquakultur 90 x 270 AquaFeed magazine.indd 1

10.01.14 10:03

FEATURE

Poultry hydrolysates enhance stress resistance and stress tolerance in Pacific white shrimp by Orapint Jintasataporn Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand and Franz-Peter Rebafka, GePro Gefluegel-Protein Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, Germany

quaculture is intensifying in almost all regions of the world in order to supply the increasing demands for fish and shrimp.

In Thailand the average stocking density has quadrupled from approximately 40 shrimps/m2 to almost 160 animals/m2. However, this intensification is often com-

bined to sub-optimal conditions for fish and shrimps. Problems associated with higher disease susceptibility have to be faced. Some of these stress conditions may be compensated by aquaculture production practice and/or by an increase use of pharmaceuticals and antibiotics which in turn affect food safety. A ban of antibiotic growth promoters in many importing countries has forced the industry to search for environmentally friendly alter-

natives. And a natural solution to combat stress conditions is the use of hydrolyzed proteins. Fish protein hydrolysates (FH) are considered as ‘biological active ingredients’ due to their beneficial properties to be antioxidative or antimicrobial (Klompong et al. 2007). The use of FH in diets has proven to improve growth and performance in fish for example, Atlantic salmon (Berge and Storebakken, 1996), catfish (Herault et al. 2012) and tiger prawns P. monodon (Anggawati et al. 1990) by enhancing stress resistance and immunity. Anggawati et al. (1990) found that three percent FH was enough to enhance shrimp growth. The immune boosting effect of FH is reported due to it´s content of peptides, free amino acids and nucleotides. Although these peptides can be found in FH, they are not restricted to marine proteins, only. Poultry protein derivatives, especially hydrolyzed poultry proteins, are (as FH) rich in bioactive peptides, which are able to compensate stress conditions.

The benefits of poultry peptides

The article describes the beneficial effects of poultry peptides in respect of enhancing 14 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

stress resistance/tolerance and immunity in Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) under controlled conditions. Under controlled laboratory conditions hydrolyzed poultry peptides (enzymatically hydrolyzed liver (eL), enzymatically hydrolyzed meat & bone-mush (eMB)) have been tested to see the effect on growth performance in shrimp. The properties of those peptides are given in Figure 1, indicating the small molecular size distribution. Table 1: Composition of the experimental diets Raw material

Control

eMB

Fishmeal, tuna

Soybean

Shrimp meal

Squid meal

Wheat flour

31.4

29.2

28.85

Hydrolyzed poultry liver

Hydrolyzed poultry meat & bone

Soy protein isolate

Tuna fish oil

Soya oil

2.75

3.1

Squid liver oil

Met + Lys

0.45

Mono-cal

Binder

1.7

Vitamin-mineral premix

0.9

FEATURE

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The trial was conducted in June 2012 at Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand, by the Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, in a complete randomised design (CRD) with three treatments and four replicates. Shrimps were fed with isonitrogenous diets (see Table 1), including the control (50 percent marine protein) and the test diets with either five percent hydrolyzed poultry liver or with five percent hydrolyzed poultry meat & bone-mush. Pacific white shrimps (Litopenaeus vannamei) of 3.1+-0.1g were stocked at a density of 70 animals/m2 in a 240 litre glass container (aquarium) in brackish water of 12ppt. During an eight week period, feed was given three times per day to match 2-2.5 percent body weight. Two hours after feeding, the unconsumed feed was collected to determine total feed consumption. Growth performance was evaluated every two weeks by collecting data on average daily gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and survival rate. An acute salinity and chemical stress test with a high or low level of salinity and toxic concentration of nitrite (NO2-) and ammonia (NH3+) was conducted at the end of fourweek feeding period. Under salinity stress 30 shrimps per treatment were transferred from a tank with 12ppt water salinity to tanks of 20ppt for one week

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FEATURE

Environmental factors

Environmental factors, particularly salinity, nitrite (NO2-), nitrate (NO3-), ammonia (NH3+) and diseases (WSSV, Vibrio) affect the immunity of L. vannamei shrimps. When shrimps are maintained under unsuitable environment over a longer period, or come under stress, the immune system is depressed and shrimps become more susceptible to disease. The addition of hydrolysed poultry protein can promote growth performance, enhance immune responses and decreased mortality in shrimp stressed by high and low salinity, poor chemical water quality and diseases such as White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and Vibrio harveyi. Due to the high content of low molecular weight compounds, including nucleotides, free amino acids and bioactive peptides, hydrolyzed poultry derivatives are improving aspects of feed transformation, anti-oxidation and immunity. As a result, growth rate and health status is enhanced. of oxyhemocyanin (live cell hemocyte) were measured. Mortality were recorded daily during a 10-day test phase. After feeding shrimp with the experimental feed for four weeks, 30 shrimp from each treatment were collected to challenge with White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) and – in a separate trial – with Vibrio harveyi by subcutaneous injection. Mortality rate was determined daily for a 10-day test phase. The study was conducted in completely randomised design (CRD). All data were analysed by one-way ANOVA. The significance of differences between means was tested using Duncan´s Multiple Range Test at a 95 percent level of confidence (p<0.05).

Shrimp did better

and then moved to with 0ppt or 40ppt saline water in separate trial for stress test. In the chemical stress test, 30 shrimps per treatment were transferred to a tank with 20ppt salinity for one week and a toxic concentration of ammonia of 50+- 2ppm (pH7-8) and – in a separate trial – of nitrite of 20+-2ppm, respectively.

Nitrite and ammonia concentrations in the water were controlled daily to maintain the toxic concentrations. Shrimps were fed once a day. Mortality rates were recorded daily during a 10-day test phase. Typical immunological parameters, such as hemolymp protein, total hemocyte cell count, phenol oxidase activity and percentage 16 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

Growth performance of shrimp fed with enzymatically hydrolyzed liver (eL) and meat & bone mush (eMB) tended to be better than fed with the control diet (p=0.0787); the best growth performance was achieved by feeding shrimp with hydrolyzed poultry liver (see Table 2). Feed utilisation in term of total feed consumption, feed conversion and survival rate were not significantly different from the control feed containing 30 percent fish meal, 15 percent shrimp and five percent squid meal (see Table 1). Shrimp fed hydrolyzed poultry meat & bone showed the best hemolymp protein and total hemocyte cell count (p<0.05) (see Table 3 and Figures 2a/b).

FEATURE Table 2: Growth performance and feed utilization of white shrimp fed with hydrolyzed poultry liver (eL) and meat & bone (eMB), respectively Control

Production after 8 wks (g/Aq)

230.1b ± 13.40

Average daily weight gain at 8 wks (g/ind/d)

5% eL

270.8a

5% eMB

267.4a

Table 3: Immune status of white shrimp fed hydrolyzed poultry proteins (eL=hydrolyzed liver; eMB=hydrolyzed meat & bone) at normal condition Parameter

Control

eMB

p-value

Total hemolymph protien (g/dl)

4.50b ± 0.20

6.88a ± 0.62

6.61a ± 0.25

0.0001

0.0089

Phenol oxidase activity (unit/min/ mg protein)

169.2a ± 4.12

109.2b ± 10.66

118.8b ± 2.92

0.0001

Oxyhemocyanin (%)

22.3a ± 2.5

15.25b ± 0.74

21.96a ± 4.47

0.0586

Total hemocyte count (x106 cell/ ml

4.63b ± 0.41

4.91b ± 0.15

6.05a ± 0.23

0.0006

P-value

± 20.64

± 13.20

0.08a ± 0.01

0.10a ± 0.01

0.091 ± 0.01

0.0787

Total feed intake at 8 wks (g/ind/Aq

189.7a ± 20.28

222.0a ± 15.60

215.1a ± 20.14

0.1072

Daily feed intake at 8 wks (g/ind/d)

0.11a ± 0.01

0.12a ± 0.01

0.5412

to 240 hours) was highest (p<0.05) with shrimps fed Feed conversion 1.35a 1.25a ± 1.30a ± 0.4025 on fishmeal (the control 0.06 0.07 ratio at 8 wks ± 0.10 diet) (see Figure 3). 93.57a Survival rate at 8 87.14a 90.71a 0.4659 Under high salinity mor± 5.89 ± 3.60 wks (%) ± 6.80 tality was not significant difThe activity of hemocyte cell in terms of ferent among diets used (see Figure 4). Shrimps under both high nitrite (20ppm) phenol oxidase activity and percentage of oxyhemo-cyanin (live cell hemocyte), was or ammonia (50ppm) stress test conditions highest (P<0.05) in shrimps fed by marine showed the best immune response after protein (fish-, squid-, shrimp-meal) (see being fed with hydrolysed poultry liver and hydrolyzed meat & bone, respectively Table 3). Under both high (40ppt) and low salini- (see Figures 5 and 6). The mortality rate ty (0ppt) stress, the best immune response after nitrite stress test (up to 240 hours) was shown by shrimps fed hydrolysed was highest (p<0.05) in the control group poultry meat and bone (see Figures 3 and (fed with marine protein); a significant 4). In low salinity the mortality (for 96 lower (10 times lower) mortality rate was

observed in shrimps fed on hydrolysed poultry protein (see Figure 5). Ammonia stress test (up to 240 hours) was in the same range (p>0.05). All shrimp die after 96 hours (see Figure 6). Infection with Vibrio harveyi decreased the total homocyte count while shrimps fed on a diet with hydrolyzed poultry products were able to maintain total hemocyte count. Interestingly, the mortality rate after Vibrio challenge (up to 240 hours) was highest in shrimps fed on marine protein (100 percent mortality) and lowest in shrimps fed with hydrolyzed poultry liver (60 percent mortality) (see Figure 7).

Extruder OEE for the Production of Fish Feed

AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG, Dieselstrasse 5-9, D-21465 Reinbek / Hamburg, Phone: +49 40 727 71 0, Fax: +49 40 727 71 100, info@amandus-kahl-group.de

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 17

www.akahl.de

FEATURE Generally, rendered poultry by-products are important sources of protein and energy. The enzymatic hydrolysis is widely used to improve and enhance nutritional and functional properties of feedstuff. During the enzymatical hydrolyses poultry protein is converted into free amino acids, short peptides and small molecular proteins. Based on their good functional properties and nutritive value, these ingredients are able to replace or complete fishmeal-based diets in fish and shrimp feed. (Aguila et al., 2007; Huong et al., 2012). Several studies have described the antioxidant activity of protein hydrolysates from chicken (Wu et al., 2005; Rosa et al., 2008), tuna liver (Je et al., 2009), sardinelle by-products (Bougatef et al., 2010), backbone of Baltic cod (Zelechowska et al., 2010) and marine skin gelatins (Alemรกn et al., 2011). Furthermore, free amino acid and small molecular weight compounds released during the hydrolysis might also act as feed attractants for shrimps, increasing feed intake, weight gain and enhance shrimp immunity (Hardy, 1991). When shrimp are exposed to high ammonia and nitrite concentration in water, the immune response is depressed and mortality is increased. Hence, robust and healthy shrimp show a higher immunity resistance by expressing typical immune parameters, such as hemolymp protein, total hemocyte cell count, phenol oxidase activity and percentage of oxyhemocyanin (live cell hemocyte) than weaker ones. Althought L. vannamei can adapt to a wide range of salinity, shrimps are more susceptible to ammonia toxicity. Shrimps under low salinity spend more energy to compensate their additional energy demand for regulation of the osmotic pressure (osmoregulation)(Liu Chun-Hung et al., 2004; Li et al., 2007). The results are in accordance with previous studies by Kvale et al. (2002) with predigested protein in Atlantic halibut and Cahu et al. (1999) describing effects of hydrolysed protein in sea bass, revealing that survival in fish can be improved by supplementing (fish) protein hydrolysates in the diet. In conclusion, poultry hydrolysates are able to enhance stress resistance/tolerance in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) under salinity change, chemical stress and disease challenge. The immune responses of shrimp after challenged with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) showed that the group of shrimp fed hydrolysed poultry products had better immune response than control. The mortality rate was 100 percent after 72 hours in all treatments (see Figure 8).

An important sources of protein and energy

According to the result from this study, it can be concluded that growth of shrimps, immune responses and mortality rate induced by chemical stress and disease challenge are related to the usage and uptake of hydrolysed proteins and peptides. 18 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

information:

GePro Gefluegel-Protein Vertriebsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG Im Moore 1 49356 Diepholz Germany Website: www.ge-pro.de Email: franz-peter.rebafka@ge-pro.de

FEATURE

AMINODat® Aqua 1.0 – Enhance your knowledge about your raw materials.

www.evonik.com/feed-additives

14-01-037_AZ_Int-Aquafeed-Mag_AMINO_Dat_Aqua_190x132mm_Satzsp_engl_Mar_Apr14.indd 1 March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 19

feed-additives@evonik.com

29.01.14 11:36

FEATURE

Microalgae and aquaculture

- feed and cycle management

by Thomas Wencker, Regina Storandt, Dr Peter Waldeck (all IGV Biotech), Janine Dinske (Terra Urbana GmbH), Wilfried Lehmann (Spezialfuttermittelwerk Beeskow GmbH)

he global fish consumption for human nutrition increases. The supply of enough aquatic products is still possible, because the experienced fish capture peak in the 1990s is buffered by the increasing amount of fish from hatcheries, both onshore and offshore. Aquaculture companies need feed for growing their fish or shrimp and they have to adapt the feed composition to their fishâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s demands. Naturally carnivorous fishes always need a certain amount of animal products, while omnivores and herbivores may generally be fed on vegetable basis. Nevertheless, big amounts of fishmeal and fish oil are used to produce the aquaculture feed, as these products provide benchmarking nutrition and digestibility values. These raw materials are taken from fish and therefore pressurise natural resources. This is the motivation for the presented project.

set the stage for more broad applications of microalgae. However, these so-called high-value products are mostly produced in a non-closed upstream, based on technical CO2, industrial nutrients and with pure tap water. At agricultural scale, the cycle production potentials of microalgae have to be applied, as this will allow the access to bulk markets through a cost reduction for the production of microalgae biomass. Within aquaculture, microalgae have the potential to build a closed and natural nutrient cycle, which would a more sustainable profile to a fish hatchery (see Picture 1). The excreta nutrients must no longer

Microalgae cycles

The potentials of the smallest of all plant cells are numerous. Microalgae have developed photosynthesis and grow with the climate gas CO2 and with excreta nutrients from higher living forms. They are primary producers of the aquatic food chain and have formed very efficient metabolism pathways. Today, microalgae are often discussed as sustainable supplier of biofuels or bulk chemicals, of human food supplement or fine chemicals. Available products from microalgae are for example pellets of dried and pressed algae biomass, which are supplied as food supplement in the internet and in organic or health food shops. Another example for successful algae products are colorants like the blue photosynthesis molecule Phycocyanine or the red carotenoid and antioxidant Astaxanthine. The mentioned current products gain a lot of value from their customer markets and

be disposed into the environment; the feed is partially produced within the hatchery itself and the dependence from capture fish decreases. In detail, microalgae start their work with absorbing the macro nutrients nitrogen in the form of ammonia or nitrate and phosphor in the form of phosphate. The specific uptake rate for nitrate can be calculated to be 0.31g of nitrate per gram of dry matter while approximately 0.05g of phosphate are integrated into one gram of grown microalgae biomass. Depending on the growth phase the final algae biomass can contain up to 50 percent of lipids including valuable poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The second algae component with the 20 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

core interest from the fish production is the protein group. In several of the algae species the protein fraction represents more of 50 percent of the total dry weight, containing all essential amino acids for the fish. Besides these important facts, algae contain a nutritionally valuable complex of vitamins and antioxidants, which have positive influence on fishâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s health and appearance. Hence algae can contribute water purification tasks, the production of a high value feed additives and the production of proteins and fats to this natural cycle.

IGV projects

IGV Biotech has earned special experience regarding the combination of aquaculture and algae production. First projects have been carried out in the middle 1990s, wherein the algae potential of deleting the nutrient load from the fish cycle water was proven. The picture shows (see picture 2) the installation of four 2500 litre vessels and the connected biofilter at the IGV headquarter near Berlin, Germany. The system was used to cultivate sturgeons, an interesting species for the relevant commercial aquaculture production. The wastewater was treated within approximately 2500 litres of photobioreactor volume. The used photobioreactor was a modular construction from thin layer plastic plates, which performed very well concerning volumetric productivity. The nutrient concentration within the clear phase of the harvest process was reduce close to zero for both nitrate and phosphate and could hence be disposed without reservations. Other projects have been done with the plate type photobioreactor by IGV Biotech, for example, the flue gas capture including the sequestration of CO2 at a lime kiln in Germany in 1997.

FEATURE

Unfortunately, the cheap plastic material transmission rates and surface qualities with with IGV Biotech’s tubular glass photobioreactor technology in Klötze, Germany. was limited towards UV-resistance, thermal reduced liability of immobilisation. But the core issue of thermal expansion is extension and immobilisation issues. A scaling up to industrial size for the continuous not solved yet. Fish oil substitution with Hence, the feasibility of outdoor plants lipid rich microalgae production of relevant amounts of algae biomass was impossible and the plastic plate with their big environmental temperature The current project on the microalgae photobioreactor development was stopped in ranges is still limited with plastic materials. cycles with aquaculture takes the decrease ariculture, Inc. | 2013 Hatchery Ad Campaign | Theme: Ad-1 Instant Algae | Design: A | Version: 1 DANIEL In consequence, IGV Biotech has con- of captured fish for the feed production into the late 1990s. nt: International Aquafeed | Size: Half Page | Dimensions: centrated 190mm on tubularX 132mm photobioreactors from account. Current plastic material developments have led to several approaches for low-cost glass to have best of both growth and scaling The prominent fractions of fish feed are photobioreactors. Manufacturers supply cer- opportunities. In 2000, the formerly biggest fishmeal and fish oil, which will be limited in tificates with guaranties for UV-resistance, photobioreactor worldwide had been built the future.

Aquaculture Feeds Reimagined In the mid-1990s, Tim Reed invented a method for growing laboratory-pure intact cell structure and therefore, the complete nutritional value of live algae— a “sea change” for modern marine aquaculture. The Reed family’s genius for innovation, coupled with treating his customers as family and unmatched commitment to the aquaculture industry, has made Reed Mariculture Inc (RMI) the world’s largest producer of marine microalgae concentrates. ®

RMI’s Instant Algae: Revolutionary Aquaculture Instant Algae® products offer a wide-range of pure, nutritionally optimized, easy-to-use marine algae concentrates that ensure safer, highly effective, and more profitable hatchery production of larval fish, bivalve, and shrimp.

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Reed Mariculture Inc. March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 21

microalgae on a commercial scale and a concentrate process that ensures

FEATURE Therefore, the core issue of the presented project is to find a feed recipe with a reduced content of fish raw material via the replacement with microalgae biomass. As the protein content is naturally high in microalgae compared to other crops, the first screening has concentrated on algae species with a high lipid content, a suitable fatty acid composition and good growth properties under limited nutrient concentrations, which is needed for contaminant inhibition. Within a group of the species Chlorella, Scenedesmus and Ankistrodesmus, the sickleshaped green algae species Selenastrum was selected. The screening has been done in a sterile bubble column laboratory screening system type LWS 05/80 with four parallel photosynthetic columns for stable and identic environmental condition for each candidate. S. rinoi (see Picture 3) convinced with good growth rates and an average lipid concentration of app. 25 percent in its dryweight.

Photobioreactor integration

In IGV Biotech’s laboratories this special algae species was grown to a biomass amount, which was used to inoculate a new developed photobioreactors of the type PBR 3000 GT. Core issues of the new type of tubular photobioreactor were a mobile construction, which means that it had to fit into standard freight measures. Second, the operation had been kept as easy as possible, as it wouldn’t be controlled by specialised staff. The result of this engineering in combination with IGV Biotech’s longterm experience was a transportable system with an operational volume of approximately 3500 litres. This is a new benchmark for mobile photobioreactors (see Picture 4). The system consists of three parallel tubular modules and a central supply and control unit. The two basic units can be connected within just one hour of work time, which means a high level of flexibility regarding maintenance and transportation. The photobioreactor itself was installed under 100 percent outdoor conditions next to a fish hatchery south of Berlin, Germany. After the successful inoculation, the algae were grown up to a certain level, where they had to be harvested to allow semi-continuous growth. The harvested suspension volume was directly replaced with cycle water from the fish hatchery. The algae were grown continuously for 2.5 months during the optimal weather period in the end of summer 2013. They grew well during the summer weather period and supressed all contaminants which occurred with the contaminated and unsterile cycle water. But this had to be supported by the addition of artificial nutrients, as the nutrient load of the cycle water still was

too low for a high yield algae growth. Future project issues will therefore be the increase of the nutrient level in the cycle water via a reduced cycle water exchange from 10 percent to five percent without harmful conditions for the fish. In future projects the concentration of the nutrients going along with a sterilisation of the cycle water shall be issued. Waste heat applications near biogas installations will be possible project spots for this approach.

Feed integration and trials

The harvested biomass from the PBR 3000 GT was processed in different ways and added to special fish feed recipes under the partial replacement for fish oil and fishmeal. The feed was developed at the project partner SpFM GmbH, who is supplier of special feed and contributed its knowledge in feed processing to this project. The feed itself was produced in IGV’s extruders and tested with juvenile fish from the warm water species Clarias gariepinus by the Terra Urbana GmbH. First preliminary results are shown in the graph. The first group is the control group which has been fed with Clarias feed without algae. The second group was fed with spray dried algae cells which replaced approximately nine percent of fish product; group three got freshly freezed and resuspended algae cells (approximately two percent) and group four got the same biomass replacement (approximately two percent) and additional one percent of Chitosan, which simulated a harvest with the flocculation effects of Chitosan, which may be a very cost-effective harvest method. Is it obvious to see, that the spray dried biomass led to improved biomass growth results, while the fresh and the flocculated algae were not as good as the control feed. The reasons for these results are variable. The drying process could have damaged the algae cells and prepared an improved digestibility. The Chitosan could have capsuled the algae cells and may have protected them towards digestion. But nevertheless, it could be shown with the algae species Selenastrum r., that the replacement of fish based feed ingredients with microalgae biomass is possible and that it 22 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

may have a positive effect on the productivity of closed aquaculture systems. In addition, the differences between the feed groups are within a range of ± 15 percent concerning both length and biomass growth, so that the theoretical feasibility of the feed replacement could be promised for all algae treatments. The final economies and effects of the different feed groups will be part of the final project report in the end of 2014.

Outlook 2014

Under respect of a limited number of variants within the 2013 feed trials of 50 per group, the feeding trials will be continued in 2014 with bigger numbers of individuals to earn more reliable results and a clearer distinction between the different feeding groups. Further on, the PBR 3000 GT will be kept in operation as continuous and as long as possible to earn the maximal experience in the biomass composition which will be detected in the end of the vegetation period. In parallel efforts the project partners will optimize the feed recipes with the aim to replace as much of the fish products as possible.

Acknowledgment

IGV Biotech thanks the Deutsche Bundesstiftung Umwelt (DBU – German Federal Environmental Foundation) for the financial support for this project. Second, the project partners Terra Urbana GmbH and SpFM GmbH kindly give their knowledge for this project.

FEATURE

Marine laboratory introduces elegant microalgal ‘bubble column’

lymouth Marine Laboratory, UK, well known for its environmental research, has expanded its interests into commercial algal biomass production; but it’s not the algae they are selling but the means to grow them. After 30 years of growing microalgae for research purposes, PML is now utilising this knowledge and expertise to provide solutions to the wider community. The first product out of the laboratory and onto the production line is a bubble columnstyle photobioreactor for growing microalgae. “We designed and built half a dozen of these units as tools for our personal use on research contracts we were undertaking” says Mike Allen, Senior Scientist at PML. “The only problem was, when we showed visitors around the lab they kept wanting to buy them off us!” The demand for the in-house built photobioreactors from visitors was difficult to ignore, and following a redesign to make the reactors look like a professional product, the commercial arm of PML - PML Applications - is now about to officially start selling their bubble column range. Already, prior to the official launch, units have been sold to customers in Europe,

America and Western Asia working in the fields of aquaculture, academia and engineering.

Elegance of design

The newly launched range offers laboratory grade, vertical column photobioreactors capable of growing different strains of algae for research, aquaculture and education purposes with a focus on biomass quality, reliability and elegance of design. Stand-alone, wall-mounted or hanging units grow microalgae under controlled agitation and are designed to ensure that all the user needs to do is throw in their growth media and algae of choice, plug them in and they are good to go. To date, the bubble columns have successfully grown freshwater, brackish and saltwater strains (natural and genetically modified) including: • Nannochloropsis salina • Nannochloropsis oculata • Tetraselmis suecica • Tetraselmis chuii • Isochrysis galbana • Thalassiosira pseudonana • Phaeodactylum tricornutum • Emiliania huxleyi • Chlorella salina • Chlorella vulgaris • Chlorella sorokiniana March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 23

• Dunaliella salina • Ostreococcus tauri • Botryococcus braunii • Rhinomonas reticulate • Pavlova lutheri • Arthrospira platensis They have all been grown to cell densities well over 107 cells per ml. Whole culture harvesting is achieved through a tap at the bottom, while smaller volumes for quality control monitoring can be drawn off from the middle of the column.

Sizes supplied

Typical sizes supplied already include three, six, 10 and 15 litre columns, with bespoke sizes and volumes available. The systems are based around a robust polycarbonate tube with anodised aluminium components available in a variety of colours such as light blue, dark blue, pink, purple, green, orange, gold, black, silver and red; a feature particularly useful if you are looking to combine function with a visually striking display system which matches your company logo and colours. Designed by algae experts for algae growers of all abilities, interests and purposes the PML built bubble column photobioreactor offers a cost effective and elegant solution to your microalgae culturing needs.

PHOTOSHOOT

Bibury Trout Farm - one of Britain’s oldest aquaculture facilities

Founded originally by Arthur Servern, a dedicated naturalist, to supply the native Brown Trout to local rivers; it has evolved over the years, latterly under Kate Marriott’s ownership – and is now capable of producing 6 million trout ova from its hatchery every year, the majority being Rainbow Trout more suited to lake and reservoir habitats. Regardless of its age, established in 1902 – it is anything but ancient; Bibury Trout Farm has successfully solidified itself as both a bustling tourist attraction and innovative industrial fish producer. It has also been instrumental in bringing together its local community, assisting with local business and helping to bring even more life to an already vibrant community.

24 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

FISH FARMING

TECHNOLOGY aqua SUPPLEMENT culture uk2014

aqua culture uk 2014 preview may 28-29

AQUA14_FFarmer_1-2_130X190_art.indd 1

25/06/2013 15:12

may 28-29

SUPPLEMENT

Aquaculture UK

s the supporting international media partner for Aquaculture UK 2014 we work closely with our partners to make a difference. Now in our 23rd year International Aquafeed & Fish Farming Technology are proud to support this growing UK event with this 16 page pull-out supplement. With offices in South America, North America, Africa, India, China, Vietnam and our head office in Cheltenham UK, we are confident that our magazine, which is published in English, Spanish and Chinese, has a global reach second to none. As well as Aquaculture UK, we physically attend over 40 international exhibitions, often putting ourselves at the forefront of the aquaculture conferences and at time we organize and chair them. We don’t just report the news we live the news and

quaculture UK has grown from strength-to-strength since it first started in 2008. The Macdonald Resort in Aviemore is once again hosting Aquaculture UK for the fourth time. Aquaculture UK is undoubtedly the UK’s premier aquaculture exhibition and conference. It is a truly international event, which attracts over 1000 visitors from 27 countries, who come to see the latest products and innovations. This year on May 28, 2014, Aquaculture UK opens its doors to over 20 new exhibitors, many of which you can preview in our “What’s New for 2014” section. With Exhibitors from over 12 countries, the reputation of the expo as an international event is growing year on year. Aquaculture UK 2014 offers exhibitors a valuable opportunity to launch new products, meet decision makers and promote their products and services. It is the place to do business, to network and to catch up with all the latest developments. Whether your focus is on finfish, shellfish, fresh water or ocean through to the latest developments in recirculation, you will find Aquaculture UK includes a vast array of topics within aquaculture. At the last exhibition, Skretting, Ewos and Biomar clubbed together and jointly participated. In 2014, they have once again chosen to have separate stands. So if it's feed you are after or feed nutrition there are many exhibitors on hand, other exhibitors include, fish health, cleaning, husbandry, cages, recirculation systems, pumps, grading machines and much, much more. This year’s event was sold out early,

work closely with our advertising partners to make sure our magazine is read by more fisheries, hatcheries and feed millers and manufactures than anyone else. International Aquafeed & Fish farming Technology are delighted to bring you this comprehensive preview to the UK’s premier Aquaculture event, taking place in Scotland. We take promoting the industry seriously and this is our fourth year attending the event. Our stand can be found at 81, we have seven staff on hand over the two days to help with anything from editorial campaigns through to global marketing. If you miss us in the day, catch us at the evening dinner event where we have taken our own table. Be sure to find time in your calendar to attend the UK’s premier aquaculture expo. I look forward to welcoming you. I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

prompting more space to be added. The 2014 event will be even larger with a record number of more than 100 exhibitors so far, representing manufacturers and suppliers from all over the world, who will display current developments and products in the fields of aquaculture technology, fish feed, fish health, quality assurance, training, funding, fish farmer networks, grading, equipment, storage, processing, packaging, environmental protection, distribution, consultancy, insurance and much more in 2014. Throughout the two days a comprehensive programme has been scheduled for the conference rooms. The conferences will run parallel to the trade exhibition. As with 2012, the admission to all these events is free. The gala dinner on the night of the 28th has already exceeded the numbers from 2012, and with the high quality entertainment of Tam Cowan, it will be a fun night and one not to be missed. During the first day a panel of independent judges will be working through the applications for the “Young Scientist of the Year” award sponsored by Novartis. The winner, which will be announced during the gala dinner, will receive an expense paid trip to its Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, and dedicated Aquaculture Research & Development site. Whilst in Canada, the student will meet leading NAH scientists, and have the opportunity to learn about fish vaccines, novel pharmaceutical developments and revolutionary new technologies in fish health. A visit to the Atlantic Veterinary College at the University of Prince Edward Island, where the Novartis

II | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

Chair of Fish Health is based, is also on the itinerary. Applications are invited from those currently conducting, or having recently completed, research in aquaculture. Full details of how to apply and the conditions of entry are detailed in this article. Day two of the conference will focus on the challenges and oppertunities facing Scottish aquaculture. With just eight weeks to go we are informed that there are only two stand spaces left, so if you want to take advantage of this premier networking event contact the event organizer David Mack on +44 (0)1862 892188. Have a look at the exhibitor's page and floor plan to and see who is coming in May. The Aquaculture UK 2014 exhibition and conference are open to bona fide trade visitors and those with commercial, academic or similar interests in aquaculture. Admission is free. We look forward to welcoming you to Aquaculture UK 2014 at the magnificent Macdonald Highland Resort in Aviemore. The dates for 2014 are May 28th and 29th. Opening times are from 10am until 6pm on the 28th and 10am until 5pm on the 29th Registration as an exhibition visitor grants entry to all conference sessions. For visitors it’s an opportunity to catch up on the latest technology and techniques, meet old friends and make new ones in an accessible, compact and pleasant setting.

Who comes to Aquaculture UK?

The visitor profile in 2012 was:• Visitors from 27 countries • Decision makers from fish farming operations worldwide • Decision makers from universities involved in aqua research • Influential and senior NGO and government agency executives involved in major aqua policy initiatives and issues. • Specialists in providing aqua services like risk management, safety, veterinary services etc • Journalists from all the major aquaculture trade papers and magazines • Aquaculture students, who will be tomorrow’s managers and teachers • But also and equally importantly, people from the industry from the hands-on level in the industry to the boardroom The venue facilities are excellent, there will only be industry participants in the conference and exhibition complex. There are 1000 free parking spaces at the venue. Registration is short and simple. Simply complete the registration form and a visitor’s badge will be prepared for you to collect on your arrival. Go to the following link - http://www.aquacultureuk.com/index.php?c=visitor_reg

Venue

ACCOMMODATION

CONFERENCE FACILITIES

RESTAURANTS

LEISURE

1 Macdonald Highlands Hotel Conference Centre 1 Aspects Restaurant Spey Valley Leisure LEISURE32 Children’s RESTAURANTS CONFERENCE5 FACILITIES ACCOMMODATION 4 Macdonald Woodland Lodges Peregrine Suite, Osprey Arena 5 Highland Food Court Play Park

1 Macdonald Highlands 7Hotel 5 Conference 1 Aspects 2 Spey Valley Leisure Macdonald Academy Hotel Centre Auditorium & Meeting Rooms Restaurant 9 Dalfaber Country Club 5 Spey Valley Cinema 4 Macdonald Woodland11Lodges Peregrine Suite, Osprey Court 3 Children’s Play Park Macdonald Four Seasons Hotel GartenArena Boardroom 5 Highland Food 11 Four Seasons Restaurant 6 Extensive Car Parking 7 Macdonald Academy 12 Hotel Auditorium11&Grantown Meeting Suite Rooms 9 Dalfaber Country Club 5 Spey Valley CinemaRailway Station The Aviemore Inn 12 Giovanni’s 8 Aviemore 11 Four Seasons Suite Valley Golf Course 11 Macdonald Four Seasons Hotel Garten Boardroom 11 Four Seasons Restaurant 6 Extensive9 Spey Car Parking 9 Dalfaber & Country Club 12 The Aviemore Inn 11 Grantown Suite 12 Giovanni’s 8 Aviemore RailwayGolf Station 10 Craigellachie Nature Reserve 11 Four Seasons Suite 9 Spey Valley Golf Course 13 Spey Valley Shopping 9 Dalfaber Golf & Country Club 10 Craigellachie Nature Reserve 13 Spey Valley Shopping

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | III

Visiting

Inverness Airport shuttle bus timetable Airport Aviemore Depart Arrive TUESDAY MAY 27 17.00 17:50 20:10 21:00 WEDNESDAY MAY 28 11:30 12:20 14:00 14:50 17:00 17:50 20:10 21:00 TUESDAY MAY 29 11:30 12:25 13:50 14:35

Getting there is easy

Aquaculture UK runs a free shuttle coach service between Inverness Airport and the venue. See the timetable for the entire duration of the event opposite.

Inverness is the nearest airport and has direct connections with most major UK cities & Amsterdam . Overseas visitors can fly to Inverness via London Gatwick, London Stansted, Bristol, Manchester, Edinburgh & Glasgow. • Flight time London to Inverness - one hour 30 minutes • Flight time London to Edinburgh or Glasgow - one hour • For flights to Inverness www.hial.co.uk/inverness-airport

By bus:

Buses stop 200 metres away from resort. (coaches from Edinburgh: two hours 30 minutes, from Glasgow: three hours).

Airport Arrive

18:00 -

18:50 -

12:30 15:00 18:00 21:00

13:20 15:50 18:50 21:50

12:30 15:00

13:20 15:50

Journey time is approximate and depends on traffic conditions. Departure times are indicative only.

Drive

By air:

Aviemore Depart

Should you wish to drive from your UK entry airport typical times are; 2 1/2 hours from Glasgow 2 hours from Edinburgh 3 hours from Aberdeen From the north (Inverness) Leave A9 as signposted for Aviemore (B970), turn right at T junction and follow road through Aviemore village. Turn right (2nd exit) at first roundabout into the Macdonald Aviemore Highland Resort and follow signs to Reception. From the south (Glasgow, Edinburgh and Perth) Leave A9 as signposted for Aviemore (B970), turn left at T junction and follow road into Aviemore village. Immediately after Esso garage on right, turn left into Macdonald Aviemore Highland Resort and follow signs to Reception.

By rail:

Aviemore main line railway station is just 200 metres away from the resort with direct services from London Kings Cross, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Inverness etc. Contact: www.nationalrail.co.uk for details of all UK train operators. Visit www.thetrainline.com to book train tickets. The Strathspey Railway operates heritage railway services on nearly 10 miles of the former Highland line from Aviemore to Broomhill. Enjoy a nostalgic train ride in restored carriages, hauled by one of the railway's steam locomotives. There are fine views of the Cairngorm Mountains and the River Spey and the chance to see much of the diverse wildlife, along the line. For more information go to: www.strathspeyrailway.net

Accommodation The resort offers a selection of accommodation from 3 and 4 star hotels to Luxury Lodges with sufficient capacity to cater for all exhibitors and visitors. All accommodation is located on the resort with access to all facilities and is subject to availability at the time of booking. Telephone 01479 815100, select option 1 and quote Aquaculture 2014 or email general@aviemorehighlandresort.com www.aviemorehighlandresort.com Delegates should book by 7 May, 2014 to get accommodation at the discounted group rate. Rooms booked after this date are subject to availability at the prevailing rate. First night deposit is paid at time of booking. Non refundable/non transferable. Credit card guarantee required for the balance. Cancellations within 5 days charged in full. Non arrivals are charged in full.

Price

All prices are per person per night 4* Highlands Hotel 3* Aviemore Inn 3* Academy Hotel Bed & Breakfast

Single

1 night stay £96 2 or more nights £84 2nd person in room B&B £30 Executive Rooms £30

Single £84 £72 £30 n/a

Deluxe Woodland Lodges (3 en-suite rooms) Room only basis, minimum 2 night stay - £336 per lodge per night. Stay 4 nights for the price of 3 (£1008).

IV | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | V

Aquaculture UK floor plan Available space in yellow

Entrance Come and meet the International Aquafeed team at stand 81 I

AQUA

If you are interested in booking one of the remaining stands for Aquaculture UK please visit

FEED

www.aquacultureuk.com /index.php?c=exhibitoreg

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

VI | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

Exhibitors Ace Aquatec Ltd Addfield Environmantal Systems AKVA Group Scotland Ltd. NEW! Alnmaritec Ltd NEW! Apollo Aqua Pharma Aquaculture Directory Aquafine GmbH

www.aceaquatec.com

International Aquafeed

www.aquafeed.co.uk

www.jt.fo

NEW! Kaycee Veterinary Products

www.kaycee.co.uk

NEW! Kjaergaard Maskinfabrik

www.kjaergaard-mf.dk

www.kj.fo

www.addfield.co.uk

OS1

JT Electric Ltd

www.akvagroup.com

www.alnmaritec.co.uk

www.apollo.dk

www.aquatic.as

Landcatch Natural Selection

www.aquaculturedirectory.co.uk

Lift Up A S

www.aquafineuv.com

Maskinfabrikken APOLLO A/S

Aquagen

www.aquagen.no

Migdale Transport

Aqualine AS

www.aqualine.no

103

Mohn Aqua

www.landcatch.co.uk

www.liftup.no

www.apollo.dk www.migdalesmolt.co.uk

16 50A

www.mohnaqua.com

Aquasearch ova Aps

www.aquasearch..dk

Morenot A/S

www.morenot.no

Aquatec Solutions AS

www.aquatec-solutions.com

MSD Animal Health

www.intervet.co.uk

www.aquatic.as

Novartis Animal Health

www.novartis.com

NEW! ASSG

www.assg.org.uk

OCEA

www.ocea.no

Badinotti SpA

www.badinotti.com

NEW! Ocean Tools Aqua Ltd

www.otaq.co.uk

www.biomar.com

Orbit Aquacam A/S

www.orbitgmt.no

102

www.BOConline.co.uk

NEW! othree

www.othree.co.uk

www.borisnet.com

NEW! Pentair Aquatic Ecosysytems

www.aquaticeco.com

Aquatic Hygiene Ltd

Biomar Ltd BOC Ltd Boris Net Ltd Bucanneer NEW! Calitri sprl

www.buccaneer-ltd.co.uk

Pharmaq

www.pharmaq.no

www.remia-plast.hr

www.calitri-technology.com

Remia Plast

www.swannetgundry.com

Ridgeway Biologicals Ltd

www.desmi.com

NEW! RK Plast AS

www.dolav-uk.co.uk

RNT Tanks & Silos Ltd

SAL Ltd

www.drydenaqua.com

NEW! Salsnes-Filter SA

NEW! Easirecycling Ltd

www.easirecycling.co.uk

Seafish

Egersund Group

www.egersundgroup.no

NEW! Seafood Scotland

www.enterprise-europe-scotland.com

Skretting

www.eri.ac.uk

NEW! Steen-Hansen Aquaculture

www.europharma-uk.com

Sterner Aquatech UK

www.ewos.com

www.faivre.fr www.fergusontransport.co.uk www.fishfarmer-magazine.com

Thistle Access NDT Ltd

www.thisleaccess.co.uk

www.intrafish.no

Tom Morrow

www.tm-tarpaulins.com

101

www.kyst.no

NEW! Trellborg Ridderkerk BV

www.trelleborg.com

www.fishvet.co.uk

Tufropes PVT Ltd

www.franatech.com

NEW! TWI Ltd

NEW! Coastal Cages Ltd NEW! DESMI Ltd Dolav Direct Don More Ltd NEW! Dryden Aqua

Enterprise Europe Environmental Research Institute Europharma EWOS Ltd Faivre SARL Ferguson Transport & Shipping Fish Farmer Magazine Fish Farming International Fish Farming Xpert Fish Vet Group NEW! Franatech GmbH

www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

www.rkplast.dk

www.rnttanks.com

www.salltd.co.uk

www.salsnes-filter.com

www.seafish.org.uk

PU2

www.seafoodscotland.org

PU3

www.skretting.com

www.steen-hansen.no

www.sterner.co.uk

Storvik

www.storvik.no

NEW! Sunderland Marine Insurance

www.smmi.com

Terecos

Freedom Food

www.freedomfood.org

Unst Inshore Services

Fusion Marine

www.fusionmarine.com

VAKI

Gael Force Aqua Ltd

www.gaelforcegroup.com

Vonin A/S

Grading Systems Ltd

www.gradingsystems.com

W J Knox Ltd

NEW! GSS Moorings

www.gssplant.co.uk

NEW Waste Spectrum

Hatchery International

www.hatcheryinternational.com

NEW! Xelect

Highland Waste Services

www.highlandwasteservices.co.uk

www.hie.co.uk

Hughes Pumps Ltd

www.hughes-netclean.co.uk

Hvalpsund Net AS

www.hvalpsund.com

www.hydrotech.se

Highlands & Islands Enterprise

Hydrotech AB NEW! Hygiene Teknikk Ltd NEW! Impex Agency AS Inter Aqua Dk

www.aquatic.as

OS 5

www.impexagency.dk

www.interaqua.dk

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | VII

www.tufropes.com

www.twi.co.uk

PU1

www.fluggaboats.co.uk

www.vaki.is

www.vonin.com

www.wjknox.co.uk www.wastespectrum.com www.Xelect.co.uk

42 OS7 53

Exhibitor list as of 31 March 2014

NEW Exhibitors for 2014 Check out our run down on pages VIII - XII

New in 2014

Lots of companies are showcasing thier products and services at Aquaculture UK for the first time this year, here is our run down of what is new at the exhibition

Dryden Aqua is a Scottish based marine biological company established in 1980 specialising in water quality and innovative treatment technology. Our unique knowledge combination and detailed understanding of the biological as well as the physio-chemical reactions has enabled Dryden Aqua to develop a highly innovative range of product systems. As marine biologists, one of our focus areas is with aquaculture and environmental business sectors in relation to sustainable water treatment technology. Dryden Aqua design the LSS life support systems and provide key components for public aquaria. Some of the systems provided by Dryden Aqua treat in excess of 5000 m3/hr. Our products such as AFM® active filter media, air and ceramic oxygen diffusers as well as our oxygen probes are the standard used by the fish farming industry in Europe for recirculation RAS systems and for sea cages around the world.

Our Mission

The mission and focus of Dryden Aqua is to try and make the world a better place. We are an environmental company specializing in water and aquatic ecosystems. We are aware of the impact of toxic chemicals (priority substances) have on public health in drinking water and on the environment in wastewater. We have developed sustainable technology to remove some priority substances and are expanding this research to further enhance performance. This may actually be a solution to support marine biodiversity which will help the marine ecosystem remove carbon dioxide and reduce the impact on climate change. We are also aware of the health implications of disinfection by products on children from chlorinated municipal supplies and swimming pools and the biological risk from parasites such as cryptosporidium. We are providing practical low cost solutions in Europe as well as India and Africa that are saving lives. However, we have not forgotten our roots and as Marine Biologists we provide life support systems for fish in public aquaria. If we lose the marine ecosystem the terrestrial ecosystem will collapse and civilization will be over. If the terrestrial ecosystem collapses the seas and the marine ecosystem will actually improve.

Waste recycling is important to all companies’ targets, profits and environmental policies. Easi Recycling focus not only on reducing your waste costs and recycling but turning your waste into revenue. With the correct equipment installed we can achieve up to £80/ tonne for Cardboard, £350/tonne for polystyrene fish trays and £250/ tonne for plastic waste. Working alongside our specialist recyclers we can also divert contaminated plastics from landfill.

Polystyrene Fish Trays

New to our range this year is the GreenMax range of machinery offering cost effective solutions for recycling expanded polystyrene (EPS) waste like fish trays. Polystyrene waste has been a headache in many industries for years, owing to its bulky construction and costly waste removal. In the fish industry alone there are over 10 million expanded polystyrene wholesale fresh fish boxes in the UK per year. EPS sent to landfill can cost over £100 per tonne, however once in its compressed block form it can be recycled into a product with a high re-sale value. Greenmax buy back the compressed block for up to £350/ tonne and this is re-used to manufacture photograph frames. The Greenmax range of machinery has been designed to process from 25kg per hour from the A-C25 model to 200kg/hour from the high output A-C200 model.

Plastic Waste

Since 'Operation Green Fence' was introduced back in February 2013 to help stem the flow of contaminated, poor quality plastics entering China, correct segregation of plastic at source has never been so important. Segregating your plastic grades into smaller balers can make over £250/tonne difference to the value of your waste plastic. With an extensive range of pneumatic and hydraulic waste balers, both fully refurbished and new, Easi Recycling have a machine for every application and budget.

Cardboard Waste

2013 showed a buoyant year for the value of waste cardboard. When baling cardboard at source in one of our mill size balers we could achieve an average revenue of £80/tonne for our customers, we anticipate similar rates in 2014.

VIII | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

New Rapid advances in molecular biology and genome sequencing are beginning to transform breeding programs, disease control, and feed development. Xelect is a spin-out company from the University of St Andrews in Scotland that was setup to bring powerful genetic technologies within the reach of every company in the global aquaculture supply chain. The company is a pioneer in the relatively new field of marker assisted selection for broodstock improvement. Our lead product is an assay for genetic variation in two genes involved in protein turnover and muscle development which can be used to select Atlantic salmon broodstock producing offspring with 3.6% higher fillet yield relative to unselected fish, worth around £500/tonne at current prices. The markers have been validated in thousands of salmon from three major producers in Europe and Chile and licenced to SalmoBreed A/S and Landcatch Natural Selection. We support our customers with a fast and efficient service to identify broodstock for breeding. Xelect has an in house multi-species research program which is developing tools for improved growth, flesh quality and nutritional value with support from the Technology Strategy Board and Scottish Enterprise. The company also offers a bespoke service to breeding companies wishing to develop their own intellectual property in marker assisted selection. In addition, Xelect provides a wide spectrum of other genetic services at competitive prices including: the development and analysis of microsatellites for paternity assignment and traceability; genomic DNA extraction and normalisation; SNP genotyping; DNA-based sex determination; ploidy determination by flow cytometry, DNA barcoding assays for identifying pathogens, parasites and invasive species, and gene expression analysis. The co-founders of the company, Professor Ian Johnston FRSE (CEO) and Dr Tom Ashton (Executive Director), will both be on the stand at Aquaculture UK 2014. www.xelect.co.uk Enquires to info@xelect.co.uk

Sunderland Marine has been providing insurance and risk management services to the global aquaculture industry since 1986. The company has steadily increased its business and now covers £1 billion of stock and £200 million of equipment. The majority of stock insured are Atlantic salmon, but we also provide cover for other marine finfish including tuna species, freshwater salmonids and shellfish to name a few. The in-house risk management team, Aquaculture Risk Management, can give assistance and technical support from offices in the UK, Ireland, western Canada, Chile and Australia. We currently offer all risks policies for stock mortality and equipment, transit cover and can also provide insurance for fish farm boats and ancillary craft. Sunderland Marine will be present at the Aviemore show on Stand 62 with Underwriters, Account Handlers, Claims Adjusters and Risk Managers available to discuss any insurance requirements.

Franatech is a company specialized in development, production and supply of underwater sensors for dissolved gases. Our products are used world-wide by scientific and industrial customers. Scientific applications cover ecosystems studies in the deep-sea as well as in lakes, climate research studies, study of ocean acidifications. Our CO2 sensors are used as well by scientific institutions working on aquaculture research in the USA and Norway. Industrial applications cover offshore oil & gas, water and waste water, hydroelectricity and of course aquaculture. Our sensors are used by fishfarms in Denmark, Norway, Finland, Scotland, Canada, USA and Chile Franatech disposes of a fully equipped laboratory for sensor calibration and tuning. We can simulate various deployment conditions and dispose of an own pressure test chamber. Electronic laboratory and mechanical workshop complement our capacity. Most of our R&D work is done directly under client contract. The main R&D and production work takes place in Germany, we have opened an office in Norway to better serve our main markets there; oil, gas and aquaculture. To accommodate our growth and better serve the aquaculture market, we are currently splitting the corresponding activities in a new entity, Franatech Aquaculture. On our booth we will showcase our CO2 sensor in different versions and introduce an optode oxygen sensor.

GENERAL ENQUIRIES

Major Sponsor & Host

sarah-jane.day@aquaculture.org.au

CONFERENCE MANAGEMENT worldaqua@aol.com

Conference Sponsors

www.was.org

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | IX

WAS Premier Sponsors

Organisers

DESMI is a global pump company, and being based in Denmark, has very strong links with the aquaculture industry, both throughout Scandinavia and across the world. DESMI develop and manufacture pumps and pumping systems for marine, offshore, industrial and fishing applications, as well as to environmental equipment for oil collection all over the world. DESMI's products and solutions have been well known in the maritime environment for more than 50 years, and during the last 30 years in the field of fish farming and aquaculture. It is with pleasure we can state that the DESMI constantly get more satisfied customers throughout the world, through our dedication to supply the correct solutions, but also for the continued support that we provide. Choosing the right pumping technique is essential for the transport of liquids: • Reduction in water and energy consumption • To reduce emissions from waste bi-products • Increase in water quality; which reduces disease and therefore increases profitability • We offer pumping solutions where the environment and servicefriendly operations are an alternative to submersible pumps • DESMI pumps are surface-mounted, above the fluid level, so that only the suction line is submerged in the liquid • The pump is, therefore, readily available at all times, and all service can be performed without the need to raise the pump or expose themselves to health hazards Please do not hesitate to contact DESMI with any enquiry you may have within the aquaculture industry, whether it is for water circulation, transport solutions or even the manufacture of feeds. We are here to help. For further information please contact: Lee Roberts – Industry Sales Manager Website: - www.desmi.com

Now in our 25th year, we are a company that has built its business on constantly striving to make our dry suits the best they can possibly be. Whilst, at the same time supporting our customers with a team of dedicated individuals that will deliver the very best customer service from beginning to end. These two core values have been the foundation on which O'Three has built its reputation, a reputation which we are told is second to none. A dry suit made of neoprene will afford the user a greater degree of security than a dry suit made of tri-laminate or a membrane material. Protection, not only from the rigours and knocks of getting in and out of the water, but most importantly from winter water temperatures that will drop to single figures. A dry suit from O’Three will ensure your personnel are using a piece of PPE (CE Approved EN 14225-2:2005) that will be manoeuvrable, warm but above all dry and reliable, enabling them to concentrate on the task in hand. In return, maximising and safeguarding your investment above and below the water. If required all suits can be customized / modified for a particular task or individual’s needs. Please come along to stand No 15 where we will have our complete range of neoprene dry suits on display and where we will be only too pleased to discuss any questions or requirements you may have.

IMPEX AGENCY, founded in 1965, introduced the first egg picker in the world in 1967. The Winsorter is a high-quality sorting machine for eggs from trout and salmon. It has subsequently been developed and improved in close cooperation with fish farmers and the outcome is an extremely reliable machine which fully meets a farmer’s stictest requirements. Twenty years later we introduced the first fry counter in the world and we can count all sorts of fingerlings from 0.2g up to 35g. In 1998 we introduced the world’s first live fish pump equipped with speed adjustment. Our pumps can transport all sorts of fish from 0.2g up to 650g. See all our products on Stand No 16.

Coastal Cages are a net company base in South West Donegal. We are a fully owned subsidiary of Swannet Gundry who is one of the strongest net firms in the world. At Coastal Cages we have over 25 years experience in the manufacture and supply of a wide range of products to the aquaculture industry and fish farming industry. Our highly skilled workforce is expert in the manufacture of all types of cage nets that are used in the salmon and trout farming industry. With experience also in the manufacture of lake nets, bird nets, etc. We also stock a wide range of Chandlery such as chain, shackles, ropes and all items required by the modern Fish Farm. Please come and visit us at our stand at this year’s Aquaculture show in Aviemore. Our representatives Martin Carr and Malachy Murrin would be delighted to meet you and discuss our products with you. Coastal Cages Ltd, Ballymoon, Kilcar, Co Donegal, Ireland

Kaycee Veterinary Products is a UK-based family run company that has designed, built and supplied high quality vaccination equipment to the industry for 50 years. Kaycee is best known for its quintessential range of repeater syringe guns that are instantly recognisable. Well-built with quality precision components, and digitally calibrated in our factory, the Kaycee syringes will give accurate and repeatable doses time and time again. A truly ergonomic and well-balanced design allows for the highest rate of productivity available on the market, whilst noticeably reducing the risk of operator fatigue and injury from RSI. All of the components are available as spare parts, and as such the Kaycee syringes will last for many years. Kaycee will be showcasing their new Twin-Dose Syringe at Aquaculture UK that has been developed in response to customer demand. This syringe gun is capable of delivering two different viscosities and both channels can be independently set to deliver a dose of either 0.05ml or 0.1ml.

X | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

New Plastics welding experts answer your questions at Aquaculture UK 2014 TWI plastics welding trainers Andy Knight and Tony Kraus will be available at Aquaculture 2014 to explore with companies how to improve the skill level of their workforces, and to demonstrate how proof of competency through certification can save money and increase sales. TWI is supporting the rapidly developing and worldwide aquaculture industry by providing high quality training and approved certification in plastics welding.

Polyethylene is increasingly becoming the material of choice for pens, pontoons and service boats. Due to the harsh environmental conditions encountered by the fish-farming industry, there is a risk that fabricated plastic pens become damaged and in worst case, fail catastrophically. The most likely cause of failure will be due to poor welding and fabrication of the plastic pen. Therefore, it is essential that these pens are made and, where needed, repaired by fully trained and qualified plastics welding personnel. TWI has been training and certificating plastics welders for over 20 years and now delivers tailor-made courses to the fish-farming industry in: • Hot gas and extrusion welding • Butt fusion and electrofusion welding. In the last six months alone, TWI plastics welder trainers have been globe-trotting to India, Kuwait, New Caledonia, Ireland and Scotland! Although based at UK training centres in Cambridge and Teesside, TWI works with clients to develop specialised courses that can be delivered on site worldwide. During Aquaculture 2014 Andy and Tony will be available to discuss: • Welding processes for the manufacture of fish-farming equipment • Techniques used for manufacturing robust offshore pens • Repair methods for fish-farming equipment, including work boats • Advantages of having trained and certificated welding personnel. TWI, as a world expert in the field of plastics welding, has extensive knowledge across the whole range of plastics welding processes, and the internationally recognised CSWIP certification provides role-specific competence for people engaged in welding and inspection – especially important in the fish-farming industry. TWI is one of the world’s foremost independent research and technology organisations, with expertise in solving problems in all aspects of manufacturing, fabrication and whole-life integrity management technologies. For more information, talk to Andy and Tony at Aquaculture 2014, or visit http://plastics-weld-training.weebly.com, e-mail Scott Andrews at scott.andrews@twi.co.uk or call on +44 1223 899569.

Calitri Technology, engineering company based in Belgium, Specialised in the detection and counting for aquaculture. We design and manufacture mainly fish counters with more than 25 years’ experience. Our old fish counter C16, was distributed for over 20 years by one large French manufacturer of aquaculture equipment. Now, we present our new series of fish counters: FC2 (2 channels) - FC4 (4 channels) FC8 (8 channels) designed with new technologies. • They have, in addition to their counting accuracy of 98 percent for the different fish sizes ranging from eight to 900gr (depending on fish counter type). • An autotest function that informs the user about the operating status of electronic parts • All electronic parts of these fish counters are easily and quickly replaceable by the user • Light – robust – accurate – intelligent – Rapid Maintenance It replace advantageously our old fish counters C16. Please find links below which provide videos of our new fish counters: • Fish counter FC4 (4 channels counting) in functioning: http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=FuN9zQIM9uM • Fish counter FC4 (4 channels counting) use - maintenance: http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=Y30X9pWTX5k&feature= youtu.be More information: www.calitri-technology.com Email: info@calitri-technology.com

Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems, Inc. (PAES) of Apopka, USA, is the largest source of aquatic products and systems worldwide. Since 1978, PAES has offered unmatched selection, service and solutions to the aquaculture community. PAES is your single-source partner for aquatic design, products, engineering, technological innovation, technical support and management consultation. With Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems, you’ll have a partner who understands your business and offers extraordinary solutions that no one else can match. Our extensive services and product offerings have established Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems as the global leader in all aspects of commercial aquaculture. Our team of technicians and biologists provides service, expert advice, and troubleshooting and custom design solutions to hobbyists and professionals alike. Many of the top aquatic system designers around the world have used PAES’s equipment, supplies, expert advice and technical support for a variety of aquatic industries. Pentair Aquatic Eco-Systems was formed by combining Aquatic Eco-Systems Inc. and Point Four Systems Inc. into a single global operation under the guidance of Pentair Ltd, a US$8 billion company delivering industry-leading products, services, and solutions for it’s customers’ diverse needs in water and other fluids, thermal management and equipment protection. For more information, visit PentairAES.com or call +1 877 347 4788.

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | XI

Award

Who won in 2012?

NOVARTIS ANIMAL HEALTH AQUA SPONSORS ‘YOUNG SCIENTIST AWARD’ FOR BEST STUDENT PRESENTATION AT AQUACULTUREUK 2014

ovartis Animal Health (NAH) is to recognize the best student presentation at this year’s conference, with a “Young Scientist Award” and an expenses paid trip to its Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada, dedicated Aquaculture Research & Development site. “Novartis Animal Health Aqua has a rich history of aquaculture innovation and a demonstrated commitment to supporting ongoing growth of the industry,” said Matthias Hofer, Global Head of Novartis Animal Health Aqua. “To stay at the forefront of aquaculture innovation, we have significantly invested in our R&D facilities in Prince Edward Island, in our people around the world, and also in endeavours such as the Novartis Chair of Fish Health at the University of Prince Edward Island (UPEI) and the Sea Lice Research Centre in Bergen. We believe that encouraging young,

In 2012, at the Aquaculture UK event a panel of judges presided over eight excellent candidates who had come down to the final of the Novartis Young Scientist Award 2012. The winning piece was from a bright young student completing his PhD at Stirling University on the effects of environmental signals in marine fish welfare and development. His name was Rogelio Sierra Flores, and he won the award for his presentation on how noise can act as a stressor in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua). It was a unanimous agreement by all the independent Judges as he gave a very clear and concise demonstration on the direct relationship between extraneous noise and a physiological stress reaction, which showed with an increase in cortisol levels in blood and it followed through to highlight a reduced rate of egg fertilization. The prize for winning was an all expenses paid educational trip to NAH’s Aqua research & development facility in PEI, Canada, which took place in July of 2012.

talented scientists is another important part of building the future of our industry.” Whilst in Canada, the student will meet leading NAHscientists, and have the opportunity to learn about fish vaccines, novel pharmaceutical developments and revolutionary new technologies in fish health. A visit to the Atlantic Veterinary College at the University of Prince Edward Island, where the Novartis Chair of Fish Health is based, is also on the itinerary. “We are delighted to sponsor this Young Scientist Award and look forward to welcoming the winner to PEI to share knowledge and interact with our own scientists,” said Hofer. Terms and conditions of entry are as follows: • The closing date for student applications is 10th May 2014 • The selection of those chosen to present will be conducted by the organisers and Novartis whose decision will be final • The selected presenters will be so informed by May 20th, 2014 • Entrants must be currently attending or have attended in the past 12 months an educational institute and be studying for a degree, or conducting university approved research, in aquaculture or a subject involving aquaculture • The presentation must be the presenter’s own and original work • In the case of certified illness of the presenter a nominated substitute presenter will be allowed

XII | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

• The presentation must be no longer than 30 minutes • A précis/summary of the presentation of no more than 200 words should be submitted to the organisers with the applicant’s full name, address and contact details before 10 May, 2014 • Applicants will be provided with one night’s accommodation at the Macdonald Highland Resort or nearby in Aviemore, the organisers will book this • Applicants should make and pay for their own travel arrangements to Aviemore for the 28th May. • The winner will be announced at the Gala Dinner on the evening of 28th May • All entrants selected to present will be invited to the dinner • A panel comprising the conference Chairman, a judge nominated by Novartis and an independent judge will supply judging by a Scottish University. • The judges’ decision will be final Novartis Animal Health will provide: • The prize will consist of an expense paid trip to Prince Edward Island, Canada to visit their dedicated aquaculture research site in July 2014 on dates stipulated by Novartis. • The award only covers travel to PEI, which originates and ends in the United Kingdom • There will be no cash alternative Contact davidmack@aquacultureuk. com with your application for the award. Novartis Animal Health is a leader in developing new and better ways to prevent and treat diseases in pets and farm animals including fish. In 2009, Novartis Animal Health invested US$100 million US dollars into R&D leading to a US$1.2 million USD dollar expansion of the Prince Edward Island facilities, which open this summer. For more information visit: www.novartis.co.uk

Gala Dinner

HELD IN THE OSPREY ARENA AT 7.30P.M ON 28th MAY

Enjoy a delicious three course meal, plus cheeseboard, coffee and wine for only £40 per person This year it will be held in the Osprey Arena. The Arena bar will open from 6.30pm. Pre dinner entertainment will be provided by the Highland Youth Ceilidh Band who were a great hit in 2012. At the dinner the Novartis Young Scientist Award will be presented. After dinner, all round entertainer Tam Cowan will be speaking. Tam is one of Scotland's favourite television and radio presenters, and is a top newspaper columnist and restaurant reviewer. From his home town of Motherwell, Tam Cowan showed early promise as a comedy writer, gaining credits from Radio 2's Week Ending show whilst still at school. He was soon appearing in print with his popular football columns in Glasgow's Evening Times. Tam caught the attention of Radio Scotland and has been at the helm of their most popular show, Off the Ball, since 1994 with his acerbic wit and common touch. He was joined by co-host Stuart Cosgrove in 1995 and between them they've notched up two coveted Sony awards with their Friday and Saturday football shows. Individual tickets cost £40. Companies can book tables for £350. Check out the seating plan below for availability. Feel free to mingle before and after dinner with the International Aquafeed team (we're at Stand 81) or meet us at our table which is clearly marked on the plan below. To book a table or for individual places please either send a cheque to the organisers (receipts will be sent) or contact David Mack (davidmack@aquacultureuk.com) to be invoiced. Only a limited number of tickets will be available at the conference. As of mid March only 70 of the 300 seats remain, so hurry and book now to ensure you do not miss out on this great night!

Come and visit us at the Gala Dinner, on table 29 I

AQUA

FEED I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | XIII

The aquafeed interview

The aquafeed interview A

quaculture UK’ is an event that has come of age. It is almost exclusively focused and serving the Scottish salmon farming industry but has strong links to Europe, Northern Europe specifically and Norway in particular. As Scottish salmon farming has grown so to has this bi-anneal event. Aquaculture UK has become a meeting point for industry, allowing for the necessary exchange of ideas, developments and information that is so essential to continued growth. There is just one man behind ‘Aquaculture UK’ - he is David Mack and is familiar to us all. IAF has invited him to answer a question or two about how he initiated an event that has developed into such an important venue for the fishing industry in the UK, and what the future holds should Scotland’s claim for independence succeed.

What is your background in aquaculture and why did you set about organising an event such as ‘Aquaculture UK’, why select Aviemore for its location and is there a philosophical aspect to its development? Having been in the fish processing industry since 1975 when I was approached by Skretting in 1988 to start up a UK subsidiary of Aquatess, going into aquaculture seemed a natural step. Traditional fishing and processing were declining in the UK whereas aquaculture was new, exciting and possibly (as we now know) the future. There was real feeling that we were pioneers and indeed some of the kit then was as outmoded compared to today's as covered wagons are to hybrid cars. In 2006 UK aquaculture companies had become very dissatisfied with the trade show then held in Glasgow. I was just on the point of retiring and saw an opportunity to bring the event back to it's roots and meet the wishes of the industry for a "freshening up".

David Mack, Organiser, Aquaculture UK

AquaUK's predecessor show had initially been held all over Scotland, but by 2006 there was little appetite for holding it in Glasgow, far away from where the industry operated. A quick canvass of attendees at the Glasgow show that year showed almost total unanimity for a move back to the Highlands. Aviemore, where it had been held before, is the town with the best exhibition and conference facilities and is centrally placed as a location so seemed a natural fit. On the question of philosophy there is not much; simply opportunism and the urge to have a go!

How do you see the reach of the event? Is it a Scotland/UK event only or is it fully international?

What is the theme for this year's event and why should people attend (how many people expected)? And what conferences, seminar are you planning? This year's conference has the first day devoted to the Novartis Young Scientist Competition with a very valuable prize for the winner. The theme of the second day is: "Challenges and opportunities for Scottish Aquaculture". Presentations on that day will include ones on possible land-based systems, offshore and renewable technology and the threat from invasive species.

Is the economy recovering in terms of aquaculture? What is the future of the event? Should Scotland go independent will that impact your event in future? Aquaculture – and ignoring one offs like the disease problems in Chile a few years back - has had an unvaryingly upward growth trend globally which has often been at variance with the economic trend in the countries of activity. In Scotland we have had several years of rapid growth even during the recession and this is reflected by the growth in the show. The current UK recovery can only help maintain that growth I believe. And, though it pains me to say this as someone bitterly opposed to Scottish independence, I doubt that it would make the slightest difference to the industry. The show's growth will follow the industries' growth irrespective of who runs the country.

In Europe and the Americas the major species grown is salmon. The major players in the feed, equipment and growing sectors of the industry are Scandinavian and Chilean. So it is no surprise that exhibitors at the major trade events like AquaNor and AquaSur reflect that. However, they predominantly attract local ‘hands-on’ attendees, but with a very significant international presence. AquaUK is no different. Over 25 nationalities usually attend reflecting that multi-nationalism . So it is like its bigger overseas sister shows in terms of scope.

XIV | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

An extended version of this interview can be found on the Aquaculturists blog.

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | XV

VIV China 2014 September 23-25, 2014 | Beijing, China

SAVE THE DATE The international Feed-to-Meat platform for mainland China

Dedicated to its continued heritage, Bibury Trout Farm proudly maintains its conservation efforts â&#x20AC;&#x201C; stocking local rivers, reservoirs and lakes throughout the United Kingdom. Three-fourths of its fish production, backed by local fishing syndicates, goes towards this process; restocking rainbow and brown trout at all stages of life. Although Bibury Trout Farm only uses one-fourth of its fish production for direct market sales, it still produces approximately 125 tonnes of trout annually for consumption. See the full story of our visit to Bibury Trout farm on page 39 of this edition.

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 25

FEATURE

Dietary biological additives effect on feed utilization in Nile tilapia by Abdelhamid, A.M. Animal Production Deptartment, Facilty. of Agriculture, Al-Mansourah University, Al-Mansourah, Egypt; and M.E.A. Seden and O.A. Zenhom, Central Laboratory for Aquaculture Research, Abbasa, Abo-Hammad, Egypt

he research of probiotics for aquatic animals is increasing with the demand for environment friendly aquaculture.

Probiotics were defined as live microbial feed supplements that bio-control and antagonist pathogens. The most promising prospects are sketched out, but considerable efforts of research will be necessary to develop the applications to aquaculture (Castillo, 2008). Since, natural agriculture or organic farming is a return to working with, but not against, nature (Abdelhamid, 2002), therefore, the microbiota management tools of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics have been developed and, indeed, commercialised over the few decades with the expressed purpose of increasing number of bifidobacteria and/ or lactobacilli within the gastrointestinal tract (Tuohy et al., 2003). So, a feeding experiment was conducted to examine the effects of dietary administration of Bacillus subtilis on feed utilisation of juvenile large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea (mean initial body weight 7.82 g ± 0.68). The results showed that dietary supplementation of 1.35×107 cfu g−1 B. subtilis significantly (P ≤ 0.05) increased the feed efficiency ratio (FER) compared with the groups without B. subtilis supplementation (Ai et al., 2011). The present work aimed to study the effects of some commercial pre-and probiotics at different dietary graded levels on feed utilization by Nile tilapia fish.

Materials and methods

All the experimental conditions, diets and facilities were as mentioned in Abdelhamid et al. (2013). The 1st and 2nd additives used were the prebiotic Aqua Superzyme and the probiotic Garlen Allicin, each at 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03% of the diet. The 3rd additive used was the probiotic Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6% of the diet, besides the control without additives.

Digestibility trails

bohydrate and lipid, respectively (Garling and Wilson, 1976).

Every morning of the last two experimental weeks, feaces were collected by siphoning, separated from water, and stored Feed utilization at -20 °C for analysis. Apparent digestibility Feed conversion ration (FCR) and feed coefficients (ADC) of crude protein, ether extract crude Table 1: Feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and nutrients fiber, ash and nitrogen free utilization of Nile tilapia (O.niloticus) fed the Aqua Superzyme extract were determined experimental diets using the direct method Treat FI (g) FCR FE (%) PER PPC (%) EU (%) according to Lovell (1989) by using the following equa2.11a 47.41b 1.57b 26.89c 20.44a Cont. 61.04c tion: 1 a b a a a A 73.84 1.76 56.91 1.89 37.30 21.22a ADC = 100 [(nutrient A2 66.79b 1.86b 53.69a 1.78a 34.43a 23.08a intake – nutrient in feaces) / 3 b b a a a A 65.42 1.88 53.37 1.77 32.61 21.06a nutrient intake] P>F 0.0002 0.0024 0.0021 0.0023 0.005 0.231 Chemical analysis of diets and faeces: ±SE 1.05 0.042 1.11 0.037 1.43 0.85 Faeces were collected in a a-c: means in the same column having different letters are significantly petery dish for each fish group. (P‹0.05) different. Uneaten feed and water were Table 2: Feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and nutrients separated from the collected utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Garlen Allicin faeces, homogenised and experimental diets stored in plastic bags at -20 Treat FI (g) FCR FE (%) PER PPC (%) EU (%) oC for chemical analysis. The tested diets and faeces 2.11a 47.41b 1.57b 26.89c 20.44a Cont. 61.04c were analyzed in triplicates. G1 80.04a 1.55c 64.46a 2.13a 43.26a 24.68a Chemical analysis of feed and G2 74.22b 1.80b 55.54b 1.84b 34.0b 21.45a faeces was carried out accord3 c b bc bc bc ing to the methods described G 69.87 1.93 51.75 1.71 32.33 21.12a by A.O.A.C. (1990) for dry P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0016 0.148 matter, crude protein, ether ±SE 0.97 0.043 1.34 0.044 1.83 1.23 extract, crude fiber and ash. a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly Nitrogen free extract (carbo(P‹0.05) different. hydrate) content was calculated by subtraction the total Table 3: Feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and nutrients percentages of CP, EE, CF and utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Diamond V (Original ash from 100. XPC) experimental diets The gross energy contents Treat FI (g) FCR FE (%) PER PPC (%) EU (%) of the experimental diets and 2.11a 47.41b 1.57b 26.89c 20.44a Cont. 61.04c fish samples were calculated 1 b b a a by using factors of 5.65, 9.45 XPC 89.95 1.59 62.69 2.08 40.25a 24.55a and 4.2 Kcal/g of protein, lipid XPC2 99.80a 1.55b 64.54a 2.14a 42.97a 25.33a and carbohydrate, respective3 c b a XPC 83.57 1.58 63.03 2.09a 39.82a 25.08a ly (NRC, 1993). P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.034 Digestible energy content ±SE 1.31 0.033 1.02 0.034 1.183 0.74 was calculated from standard physiological fuel values as 4, a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different. 4 and 9Kcal/g of protein, car26 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

FEATURE efficiency percent (FE%) were calculated according to the following equations: FCR = Feed intake (g)/Weight gain (g) FE% = (Weight gain (g)/feed intake) X 100 Protein utilization: Protein efficiency ratio (PER) and protein productive value (PPV%) were calculated according to the following equations: PER = Weight gain (g) / Protein intake (g) PPV% = {( Retained protein (g))/(protein intake (g))} X 100

Energy utilization (NRC, 1993):

Gross energy retention (GER%) = {(Energy gain (Kcal))/GE intake (kcal))} X100 Digestible energy retention (DER%) = {(Energy gain (Kcal))/DE intake (kcal))} X100 Metabolizable energy retention (MER%) = { (Energy gain (Kcal))/ME intake (kcal))} X100

Statistical analysis:

Data obtained were analyzed using oneway analysis of variance which was performed according to SAS (2006). Differences were subjected to Duncan’s (1955) multible range test.

Results and discussion

Feed utilization: Mean values are given in Tables 1-3 for feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (FER), protein productive value (PPV) and energy utilization (EU) for Nile

tilapia fish fed the experiTable 4: Comparison (T*L) among feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and nutrients utilization by Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed Aqua mental diets which were Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond V-Original XPC experimental supplemented with the diets tested pre-and probiotics T*L FI (g) FCR FE (%) PER PPV (%) EU (%) at their different graded levels. These Tables reflect 2.11a 47.41d 1.57d 26.89d 20.44c Cont 61.04h significant (P≤0.05) dif1*1 73.84e 1.76c 56.91b 1.89b 37.30bc 21.22c ferences among levels of 1*2 66.79fg 1.86bc 53.69bc 1.78bc 34.43c 23.08abc each additive tested for all g bc bc bc 1*3 65.42 1.88 53.37 1.77 32.61c 21.06c criteria tested comparing 2*1 80.07d 1.55d 64.46a 2.13a 43.26a 24.68ab with the control, except c b b EU of the 1st two addi2*2 74.22 1.80 55.54 1.84 34.0c 21.45bc tives (Aqua Superzyme 2*3 69.87f 1.93b 51.75c 1.71c 32.33c 21.12c and Garlen Allicin, Tables b d a a ab 3*1 89.95 1.59 62.69 2.08 40.25 24.55ab 1 and 2, respectively). 3*2 99.80a 1.55d 64.54a 2.14a 42.97a 25.33a The dietary inclusion of 3*3 83.57c 1.58d 63.03 2.09a 39.82ab 25.08a the tested pre- and probiotics led to significantly P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 (P≤0.05) increased FI, FE, ±SE 1.17 0.037 1.182 0.039 1.60 1.04 PER, PPV and EU besides a-h: means in the sme column having different letters are significantly improving the FCR com(P<0.05) different paring with their controls. graded levels into isonitrogenous-isocaloricThe significantly (P ≤ 0.05) best results were calculated for the diets of tilapia fish for 112 days. The obtained results revealed the supetreatments A1, G1, and XPC2. Yet, Table 4 (comparison among additives and their levels) riority of the Avian Plus containing diets, shows the overall significantly (P≤0.05) best particularly at level of 25mg/kg feed which treatment was 2*1, i.e. G1, Garlen Allicin at led to significantly (P≤0.05) best feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein intake, 0.01 percent of the diet. In an indoor experiment, the prebiotic protein productive value and protein effiAvian Plus was evaluated by adding it at

International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding Cairns Convention Centre, Queensland, Australia 25–30 May 2014

Australia is proud to be hosting the 16th International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding (ISFNF XVI), the premier international forum for researchers, academics and industry concerned with the nutrition and feeding of aquatic animals. This biennial event will see several hundred attendees from around the world meet for five days between 25– 30 May 2014. Key themes that will be explored at the upcoming symposium will include: • Nutritional requirements • Nutritional physiology • Practical nutrition • Raw materials

For more information visit the symposium website www.isfnf2014.org or contact the symposium managers: C/- MCI Australia P: +61 7 3858 5543 F: +61 7 3858 5499 info@isfnf2014.org

Keynote Speakers Professor Douglas Tocher Professor of Nutrition, Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland Professor Sachi Kaushik Professor of Nutrition, Former INRA Director Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) Saint Pee sur Nivelle, France Professor Ron Hardy Director, Aquaculture Research Institute & Professor, University of Idaho, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Hagerman Fish Culture Experiment Station, Hagerman, Idaho, United States of America REGISTRATION NOW OPEN www.isfnf2014.org

We look forward to seeing you in Cairns on Australia’s Great Barrier Reef!

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 27

FEATURE Table 5: Apparent diestibility coefficient (ADC%) of nutrients the diets supplemented with the prebiotic (Aqua Superzyme) Treat

NFE

Control

85.53c

96.52c

76.09c

68.60d

81.35c

94.29a

98.14a

89.67a

92.65a

92.67a

92.09b

97.36b

85.30b

87.81b

90.56b

92.11b

97.19b

85.68b

83.33c

91.27b

P>F

0.0001

0.002

0.0001

±SE

0.29

0.18

0.78

0.69

0.32

a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different Table 6: Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC%) of nutrients the diets supplemented with the probiotic (Garlen Allicin) Treat

NFE

Control

85.53b

96.52b

76.09b

68.60b

81.35c

91.68a

97.43a

84.81a

85.94a

89.94ab

90.12a

96.66ab

81.05a

81.66a

88.48b

91.83a

96.91ab

83.11a

83.64a

91.01a

P>F

0.0001

0.122

0.0042

0.0001

±SE

0.546

0.246

1.187

1.1471

0.686

a-c: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different Table 7: Apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC%) of nutrients the diets supplemented with the probiotic (Diamond V-Original XPC) Treat

NFE

Control

85.53c

96.52c

76.09d

68.60d

81.35c

XPC1

93.04a

97.95a

86.75b

87.28b

91.76a

XPC2

93.85a

98.41a

88.98a

92.49a

92.33a

XPC3

91.60b

97.24b

82.53c

83.05c

90.57b

P>F

0.0001

0.0002

0.0001

±SE

0.27

0.16

0.46

0.63

0.36

a-d: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different Table 8: Comparison (T*L) among apparent diestibility coefficient (ADC%) of nutrients of the diets supplemented with Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond -VOriginal XPC. T*L

NFE

Control

85.53e

96.52e

76.09g

68.60e

81.35e

1*1

94.29a

98.14a

89.67a

92.65a

92.67a

1*2

92.09bc

97.36c

85.30cde

87.81d

90.56bc

1*3

92.11bc

97.19cd

85.68cd

83.33cd

91.27abc

2*1

91.68bc

97.43bc

84.81cde

85.94bc

89.94cd

2*2

90.12d

96.66de

81.05f

81.56d

88.48

2*3

91.83bc

96.91cde

83.11def

83.64ed

91.01abc

3*1

93.04ab

97.95ab

86.75bc

87.28b

91.76ab

3*2

93.85a

98.41a

88.98ab

92.49a

92.33a

3*3

91.60c

97.42cd

82.53ef

83.05cd

90.57bc

P>F

0.0001

±SE

0.430

0.182

0.941

1.041

0.532

a-g: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different

ciency ratio comparing with the control (Abdelhamid et al., 2011). Amer (2012) concluded that Diamond V XP (inactive yeast a commercial product containing 100% dried Saccharomyces Cerevisae) could be used successfully as feed additive for feeding Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus without any adverse effects on their feed utilization. Also, results obtained showed that using Diamond V XP at level (1.5g) had the best results on feed utilisation with levels of protein (30%). Moreover, it could be suggested that dietary supplement with Diamond V XP (1.5g) is useful in the intensive production system of fish. Hassan (2013) and Khalil et al. (2013) obtained results concerning the effects of the probiotic Hydroyeast Aquaculture® on adult male O. niloticus showed that the 15g/kg diet realised best significantly (P≤0.05) values for feed and nutrients utilisation. So, based on the obtained results, the optimum level of the tested probiotic Hydroyeast Aquaculture® was depinding on fish sex. Apparent digestibility: The digestibility coefficients for different dietary organic nutrients were calculated at the end of the experimental period and given in Tables 5, 6 and 7 for the three perarations used (Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond V-Original XPC, respectively). The ADC percentages were increased significantly (P≤0.05) by the dietary inclusion of these tested additives comparing with the controls (without the tested additives). However, the significantly (P≤0.05) best level within each treatment was A1, G1, and XPC2, respectively. The CF followed by EE were more positively affected than the other nutrients digestibility. The comparison (Table 8) among additives and their levels on ADC clears that the significantly (P≤0.05) best treatment and level was 1*1, i.e. Aqua Superzyme at 0.01% of the diet for ADC of all nutrients, comparing with the other additives and levels. Lara-Flores et al. (2003) evalu-

28 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

ated the effects of probiotics on growth performance in Nile tilapia. The probiotics used based either upon Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Results indicated that the fry fed diets with a probiotics supplement exhibited greater growth than those led the control diet without probiotic. Of all probiotic treatments, yeast was an appropriate growth stimulating additive in tilapia cultivation. The authors stated that the increased growth rate as a positive response to added probiotics could be attributed to increased efficiency of existing digestive processes or by promoting the digestion of previously indigestible substances. In addition, probiotics may have a protein sparing effect. Energy retention: Data of the energy retention (GER, gross energ retention; DER, digestible energy retention; and MER, metabolizable energy retention) by the tested fish fed the experimented material are given in Tables 9, 10, and 11, respectively. All forms of energy utilization were increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by dietary inclusion of the tested agents. A2, G1, and XPC2 were the best (in an ascending order) among their corresponding levels. The comparison among treatments (Table 12) revealed that best energy retention was realized by the treatment of XPC2. Magouz et al. (2002) concluded that adding Lacto-Sacc at 4 g/kg diet of O. niloticus was the optimum for producing the best feed and protein utilization. Also, El-Ebiary and Zaki (2003) showed that feed and nutrients utilization was improved with increasing the level of active yeast up to 3g/kg of the diet. Since using pre-and probiotics improve the gut health (Tuohy et al., 2003). However, pro-nutrients can benefit animal health and performance through improving availability or utilization of nutrients in a variety of ways (Staykov et al., 2005). Therefore, El-Haroun et al. (2006) reported significantly (P≤0.01) enhancement in nutrients utilization (protein efficiency ratio, protei productive value, and energy retention) by Nile tilapia fed diets included Biogen® than the control. Moreover, Yanbo and Zirong (2006) and Suzer et al. (2008) showed that probiotics highly increased the digestive enzyme activities and decreased feed conversion ratio. Additionally, El-Haroun (2007) found that Biogen® improved the feed conversion by African catfish comparing with the control. Feed conversion and protein efficiency ratio were improved too by using Biogen® in Nile tilapia diets (Mohamed et al., 2007). Bio-Mos in diets of carp, rainbow trout and European catfish decreased the feed conversion ratio (Barbu et al., 2008).

FEATURE

References

Abdelhamid, A.M. (2002). Organic Farming. Proc. 2nd Conf. on Food borne Contamination and Egyptian’s Health, April 23 - 24, Mansoura Fac. Agric., pp: 69 – 77. Abdelhamid, A.M.; M.E. A.Seden and O.A.Zenhom (2013). Effect of different sources and levels of some dietary biological additives on: I- growth performance and production economy of nile tilapia fish. J. Animal and Poultry Production, Mansoura University, 4: 615-634. Abdelhamid, A. M.; Soliman, A. A. A. and Maghraby, N. A. (2011). Evaluation of using the prebiotic avian plus in tilapia fish diet. Egyptian J. Nutrition and Feeding, 14 (3): 537-546. Ai, Q.; Xu, H., Mai, K., Xu, W., Wang, J. and Zhang, W. (2011). Effects of dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis and fructooligosaccharide on growth performance, survival, non-specific immune response and disease resistance of juvenile large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Aquaculture, 317: 155–161. Amer, A.A.A.M. (2012). Effect of different levels of protein and probiotics on productive performance of fresh water fishes. M.Sc., Fac. Agric., Kafrelsheikh Univ. A.O.A.C. (1990): "Association of China! Agricultural Chemists" Official methods of

analysis. 15th Ed.. Published by the A.O.A.C.. Beatnin Franklin Station, Washington. D.C. Barbu, A.; Sara, A., Alina, A. And Bentea, M. (2008). The effect of some fodder additives on production of different fish species. Buletin USAMV-CN, 65 (1-2): 1-9. Castillo, M. (2008). Blocking pathogens with Bacillus strains. Feed-Mix, 16 (5): 19. Duncan, D. (1955). Multiple range and multiple F-tests. Biometrics, 11: 1-42. El-Ebiary, E.H. and Zaki, M.A. (2003). Effect of supplementing active yeast to the diets on growth performance, nutrient utilization, whole body composition and blood constituents of monosex tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Egypt. J. Aquat. Biol. & Fish., 7(1): 127–139. EL-Haroun, E.R. (2007). Improved growth rate and feed utilization in farmed African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) thought a growth promoter Biogen® supplementation. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 2: 319-327. EL-Haroun, E.R., Goda, A. MA-S and Kabir Chowdhury, M.A. (2006). Effect of dietary probiotic Biogen® supplementation as a growth promoter on growth performance and feed utilization of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture Research, 37: 1473-1480. Garling, D. L. and Wilson, R. P.(1976). Optimum dietary protein to energy ratio for Channel catfish fingerlings, Ictalurus punctatus.

Table 9: Energy utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Aqua Superzyme experimental diets Treat.

GER %

DER %

MER %

Cont.

12.56b

15.01b

23.47b

15.53a

18.37a

28.49a

15.64a

18.52a

28.58a

13.88ab

16.41ab

25.23ab

P>F

0.0286

0.0301

0.0500

0.749

1.25

±SE

0.631

a-b: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different Table 10: Energy utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Garlen Allicin experimental diets Treat.

GER %

DER %

MER %

Cont.

12.56c

15.01c

23.47c

19.65a

23.27a

35.66a

15.95b

18.85b

29.17b

14.26bc

16.86bc

25.74bc

P>F

0.005

0.0005

0.0008

0.809

1.29

±SE

0.677

a-c: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different

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March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 29

Brasil

China

Turkey

inDia

2/18/14 9:57 AM

FEATURE

Table 11: Energy utilization of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Diamond V (Original XPC) experimental diets Treat.

GER %

DER %

MER %

Journal of Nutrition., (106) : 1368-1375. G1 21.41b 25.39b 37.68b Hassan, M.E.M. 2 a a a (2013). Physiological G 24.76 29.42 45.01 Studies on Fish G3 20.38b 24.17b 36.83b Production. M.Sc. P>F 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 Thesis, Fac. Agric., ±SE 0.689 0.816 1.069 Al-Mansoura Univ. a-c: means in the same column Khalil, F.F.; Mehrim, having different letters are A.I. and Hassan, significantly (P‹0.05) different M.E.M. (2013). Effect of Hydroyeast Aquaculture as growth promoter for adult Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Engormix.com, 10 p. Lara-Flores, M., Olvera-Novoa, M.A., Guzmán-Méndez, B.E. and López-Madrid, W. (2003). Use of the bacteria Streptococcus faecium and Lactobacillus acidophilus, and the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as growth promoters in Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Aquaculture, 216: 193–201. Lovell, R.T. (1989). Fish culture in United States. Science, 206: 1386 - 1392. Magouz, F.I., Mohsen, M.K. and Gooda, A.H. (2002). Effect of including some biological feed additives in the diet on growth performance and feed efficiency of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Proc. 2nd Conf. Foodborne Contamination and Egyptians’ Health, April 23 – 24, El-Mansoura Univ., pp: 329 – 339. Mohamed, K.A., Abdel Fattah, B. and Eid, A.M.S. (2007). Evaluation of using some feed additives on growth performance and feed utilization of monosex Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Agricultural Research Journal, Suez Canal University, 7: 49-54. NRC (National Research Council) (1993). Nutrient requirements of fish. Committee on Animal Nutrition Board on Agriculture. National Academy Press, Washington DC., USA. 114pp. SAS (2006). SAS statistical guide for personal computer, SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC. Staykov, Y., Spring, P. and Denev, S. (2005). Influence of dietary Bio-Mos® on growth, survival and immune status of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri irideus G.) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Nutrional Biotechnology in the Feed and Food Industries: Proceedings of Alltech's 21th Annual Symposium, Nottingham University Predd, UK, pp: 333-343. Suzer, C.; Coban, D., Kamaci, H.O., Saka, S., Firat, K., Otgucuoglu, Ö. and Küçüksari, H. (2008). Lactobacillus spp. Bacteria as probiotics in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata, L.) larvae: Effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture, 280: 140-145. Cont.

12.56c

30 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

15.01c

23.47c

FEATURE

ADDITIVES FOR AQUACULTURE SOLUTIONS Table 12: Comparison among energy utilization by Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) fed the Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin, and Diamond V-Original XPC experimental diets

Tuohy, K. M., Probert, H. M., Smejkal, C. W. and Gibson, G. R. (2003). Using probiotics and prebiotics to improve gut health. DDD, 8: 692 – 700 (www.drugdiscoverytoday.com). Yanbo, W. and Zirong, X. (2006). Effect of probiotics for common carp (Cyprinus carpio) based on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities.Animal Feed Science and Technology, 127: 283-292

Treat.

GER %

DER %

MER %

Cont.

12.56d

15.01d

23.47e

1*1

12.65d

15.01d

23.47e

1*2

15.53c

18.37c

28.49cd

1*3 13.88cd 16.41cd

25.23de

2*1

19.65b

23.27b

35.66b

2*2

15.95c

18.85c

29.17c

2*3

14.26

16.86cd 25.74cde

3*1

21.41b

25.39b

37.68b

3*2

24.76a

29.42a

45.01a

3*3

20.38b

24.17b

36.38b

P>F

0.0001

±SE

0.687

0.812

1.191

a-e: means in the same column having different letters are significantly (P‹0.05) different

NUTRACEUTICALS AND PHYTOBIOTICS FOR AQUACULTURE Growth promoters Anti-parasites Attractants Hepatoprotectors Antioxidants Detoxifiers Chelated minerals

Summary

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary graded levels of Aqua Superzyme, Garlen Allicin and Diamond V (Original XPC) on feed utilisation by Nile tilapia fish for 16 weeks. Dietary inclusion of the tested pre-and probiotics improved significantly (P≤0.05) all criteria measured including feed utilisation parameters, digestibility and energy retention. The significantly (P≤0.05) best results of feed utilisation were calculated for the treatments Aqua Superzyme at 0.01%, Garlen Allicin at 0.01%, and Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet. Yet, the comparison among additives and their levels shows that the overall significantly (P ≤ 0.05) best treatment was Garlen Allicin at 0.01% of the diet. Concerning the digestibility, the significantly (P ≤ 0.05) best level within each treatment was also Aqua Superzyme at 0.01%, Garlen Allicin at 0.01% and Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet, respectively. The CF followed by EE were more positively affected than the other nutrients digestibility. The comparison among additives and their levels on ADC clears that the significantly (P ≤ 0.05) best treatment and level was Aqua Superzyme at 0.01% of the diet for ADC of all nutrients, comparing with the other additives and levels. Aqua Superzyme at 0.02%, Garlen Allicin at 0.01% and Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet, respectively were the best in energy retention (in an ascending order) among their corresponding levels. The comparison among treatments revealed that best energy retention was realised by the treatment of Diamond V-Original XPC at 0.5% of the diet. Generally, it is recommended to add Garlen Allicin at 0.01% of the tilapia diet to improve its feed and nutrients utilisation.

C/ San Romualdo 12-14 • 28037 Madrid (Spain) +34 902 15 77 11 • +34 91 725 08 00 liptosa@liptosa.com • www.liptosa.com

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 31

FEATURE

Fish feed industry in Egypt: constraints and solutions by Professor Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed, Oceanography Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt

quaculture has a long history in Egypt, and been practiced in the Nile Valley for human consumption since 2500 BC.

In modern history, commercial aquaculture started in the mid-1950s of the last century, with the construction of a tilapia farm in 1957. Since then, aquaculture industry has been growing at a steady rate until late 1990s. Afterwards, the industry witnessed an outstanding growth and substantial development. As a result, aquaculture production increased from only 139,389 tonnes in 1998 to over one million tonnes in 2012. While the production of capture fisheries remained almost stable at about 300,000 to 400,000 tonnes during the same period. It is no surprise, therefore, that current aquaculture production contributes about 75 percent to total fish production in Egypt. Sixteen fish groups (seven freshwater and nine marine/brackishwater species) and one crustacean species (shrimp), belonging to 12 families, are currently cultured in Egypt. However, only three fish groups (tilapia, carps and mullets) represent 95 percent of total aquaculture production. Moreover, Nile tilapia alone contributes over 62 percent percent to production quota.

Earthen-pond rearing

Traditionally, semi-intensive culture in earthen ponds has been, and still is being by far, the most important farming system in Egypt; contributing about 75 percent to total aquaculture production, followed by fish farming in floating cages culture (20 percent). Pond fertilization and supplemental feeds are the major nutrient inputs in this system. However, there has been a gradual shift

from semi-intensive, low input system to toward more intensive systems which increases the demand for processed feed and fish seeds. As a result, the fish feed industry in Egypt has gone parallel to the production approach.

Commercial fish feed industry

Commercial aquaculture feed manufacturing in Egypt started in the early 1990s by the General Authority for Fisheries Resources Development (GAFRD), with two mediumscale fish feedmills. By 2000, there were only five governmental mills producing about 20,000 tonnes of pressed fish feed per year. During the past decade, the sector has witnessed an outstanding expansion, with a significant engagement of the private sector. Recent surveys indicated that there are nine state-owned fish feedmills and over 50 registered private feedmills distributed throughout the country, particularly in the areas of, or close to, the aquaculture production. Nonetheless, no accurate official data is available on the current fish feed production. However, the current production has been estimated at about 900,000-1,000,000 tonnes per year. The production cycle is about six-to-eight months (April/May-September/October). About 80 percent of this production is in the form of compressed feed while the remaining 20 percent are extruded feeds. Compressed feeds are generally cheaper than extruded feeds but they are of lower quality. The average feed conversion ratio (FCR) of compressed feed is two compared to an FCR of 1:1.5 of extruded feeds. About 95 percent of the produced feeds contain 25 percent crude protein (CP), while 32 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

the remaining five percent contain 30, 32 and 35 percent CP and are generally produced upon the farmer’s request. In addition, few tonnes of feed containing less than 40 percent CP are also produced for larval feeding or marine fish feeding. About 90 percent of fish feeds consumed in Egypt are produced by the private sector, while only 10 percent is produced by stateowned holding companies which own nine mills producing both animal feeds and fish feeds. These manufacturing plants produce both pelleted and extruded pellets for various marine and freshwater fish species. The production capacities of these mills range from 5000-30,000 metric tonnes per year, with an average of about 15,000 tonnes per mill. There are also more than 200 small-scale pelleting units, each with an annual production capacity of 1000 – 4000 tonnes of fish feeds. These milling units are generally locally made, and use simple technologies and generally are not equipped with air driers. The majority of these pelleting units are not registered, and therefore, their production is generally not recorded or reported. They also offer the service of pelleting farmers’ feed ingredients. In these cases, fish farmers buy their own ingredients, prepare their feed formulae and just rent the feedmill to manufacture the feed. This approach leads to 10-15 percent reduction in feed costs for those farmers. Between 50 and 99 percent of feed ingredients that are used in aquafeed production in Egypt are imported. Egypt is the world’s largest cereal importer, second only to Japan, at over 18 million tonnes in 2012. The country also imports 99 percent of soybean cake and 97 percent of

FEATURE soybean seeds, which are the major protein source for in fish feeds. The unit price of feed ingredients have also been sharply increasing during the past few years. As a result, the prices of processed fish feeds have skyrocketed during the same period. The fish feed industry in Egypt faces several other challenges and constraints. These are summarized below.

Constraints

The following constraints have been identified as major threats to the development of the aquafeed industry in Egypt. • The dependence of the sector on the importation of feed inputs and continuous increase of their prices. Consequently, the prices of processed fish feeds have been skyrocketing during the past few years, and are expected to increase much further • The rapid growth of aquaculture is expected to create competition for raw materials between the aquafeed and the animal feed industries, which may further influence the price of feeds • The use of old, compressed feeds technology. Compressed feeds lead to substantial feed waste due to the poor feed conversion ratio (FCR) • All feedmills work for six-to-seven

months per year; while permanent employees get their salaries for the whole year. This reduces the profit margins of mill owners and forces them to reduce permanent employment • Many fish feedmills lack the basic quality control standards, with regards to feed quality, composition, processing, storage, handling and transportation due to the absence of governmental monitoring and inspection • Many fish farmers lack the accessibility to credit and financial support. As a result, they purchase the feeds from producers or traders on credit for higher prices, and sometimes they receive poor quality feed

Recommendation

Reducing feed costs, increasing feed quality and encouraging best feed and feeding management practice require special attention, due to the critical role that feed cost and quality plays in supporting the overall performance of aquafeed sector. This goal can be achieved through: • Custom tariffs on imported feed ingredients must be reviewed to reduce the price of finished feeds • Aquafeed mills should be routinely monitored and inspected to assure that production procedures, feed composition, packaging, handling, transportation, storage and hygiene comply with the

A/S

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 33

international quality control standards • Capacity building programmes for improving the skills of feed manufacturers and fish farmers should be created and sustained • A thorough survey of the available conventional and unconventional feed resources in the Egypt should be undertaken. An evaluation to establish their availability, accessibility, chemical composition, price and nutritional value for farmed fish should be conducted • Extension services should be instituted by the relevant authorities (especially the General Authority for Fisheries Resources Development) to improve feed and feeding management • The government must undertake periodic reviews of the animal feed legislations to ensure coherency and to reduce/eliminate any overlapping, redundant and conflicting regulations • Improving the capacity and technology of existing feedmills. As mentioned earlier, 80 percent of produced feed is in the form of compressed pellets. Finally, the use of compressed-type feeds leads to significant feed waste. Replacing existing compressors, at least partially, with modern extruder lines, or adding extruding production lines into current aqua feedmills should be given considerable attention in the development plans.

FEATURE

The holistic approach to automation and moisture control technology in aquafeed mills by Yannis Christodoulou, President, Agentis Innovations, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand In a recent paper that appeared in the September-October 2013 issue of our sister publication, Grain & Feed Milling Technology magazine, we highlighted the challenges facing feedmills in terms of direct losses associated with moisture and product waste, and the new technologies that provide direct solutions to these problems. Our attention now turns to aqua feedmills, where although the process flow is similar there are unique differences, particularly relating to physical quality parameters and the impact of drying product that make the utilisation of these new technologies even more exciting.

n the many world regions, many companies still rely heavily on bags and less on bulk for the receiving of ingredients. In either case it is common to see numerous trucks lined up either inside or outside the mill waiting to unload. This creates a number of challenges in terms of maintaining control of trucks and personnel while on site and ensuring the correct quantity and type of product are unloaded. Manual systems that rely on paperwork are prone to human error. To counter this, automation systems, such as the ones developed by Agentis Innovations, can replace the paperwork and ensure the movement of trucks and ingredients to the correct location for discharge as well as provide for accurate stock inventory and provide traceability.

Raw material unloading

Control of the unloading of raw materials is important to avoid errors and waste. For bulk or liquid container intakes errors can result in expensive losses due to incorrect manual silo selection or failure to recognise a silo is full. This represents both financial loss as well as nutritional loss due to mixing of different types of ingredients. Programmable Logic Control Units (PLC) in conjunction with adequate and appropriate instrumentation and software can eliminate this type of error through automatic route control and high level silo indicators to show when silos are full. Technology also provides sophisticated bag counters on the unloading conveyors which provide accurate real time stock inventory. Bag unloading can be insecure or inaccurate in terms of ensuring the correct number of bags are unloaded at the correct point. Technology now provides sophisticated bag counters on the unloading conveyors which are difficult to de-fraud and again provide real time stock inventory.

Grain silos and drying

Often the quantity of grains is discharged

into and out of the silos is not known accurately due to the lack of a weigh scale hopper or in-flight conveyor weighing systems resulting in inaccurate stock reconciliation when transferred to the mill. The most common causes of loss are either wastage due to poor silo management or losses resulting from moisture shrinkage. It is not uncommon to hear of significant volumes of grains being disposed of because they are unfit for purpose when emptying the silos. The other risk is the deterioration due to mycotoxin/bacterial contamination that often occurs due to long-term storage and which can result in significant nutritional losses. New sensor technology, pioneered by Agentis Innovations for example, is being deployed to provide real-time control systems as grain either enters or leaves the storage silos and are transferred into the feedmill, thereby providing valuable information to assess the total moisture loss from intake through to the mill storage phase. This will allow the operators to make adjustments based on the real moisture content of the formulated mixture or additional moisture addition, at the mixer or conditioning phase.

Grinding

Losses occur at this process step due to the physical effect of grinding and subsequent moisture loss. This loss can be greater in â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;aquamillsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; than in commercial feedmills due to the fact in many aquafeed mills there is particularly fine grinding to produce the specific particle size required in fish feeds. Automating the control of the grinders is one method to optimise throughput and reduce energy costs as well as reduce the moisture loss associated with grinding.

Batch control

The weigh scale batching system is often associated with losses due to excessive tolerances and lack of in-flight material control. Clearly, these losses are significant when you consider micro-scale weighers and the value of the products that are being weighed. 34 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

Modern appropriately sized, multiple, batchweigh scales and digital PLC controls should provide accuracies of 0.5 percent or less. Another fast developing application is using the moisture sensor technology to calculate the water adjustments required at the mixer to offset low dry matter ingredients.

Hand additions and premix additions

The losses that can occur at this stage are significant because of a) The impact of putting the wrong additive into the wrong feed type or b) The impact of under or over dosing The most effective method to reduce the risk of errors is to automate the process using either bar coding or weigh stations or a combination of both. This has the advantage of providing complete traceability which can also limit recall losses if an error does occur.

Mixing

One of the unique features of aquafeed plants is the necessity to mix a large number of liquid products as well as dry ingredients. It is common for there to be a mixing stage for post ground materials and a further mixer for addition of the finer ground ingredients plus the various liquid products and oils. Mixing often represents a bottle neck in terms of production, therefore it is important to optimise the scheduling and production planning to ensure optimal throughput. This can be achieved most effectively through PLC control which can be programmed to control the correct sequence of products to provide constant supply to the pelleting bins.

Extruding, pelleting, conditioning and crumbling

Whether producing shrimp feeds or fish feeds, extruding or conditioning-and-pelleting represent two of the more challenging areas in terms of energy, blockage downtime and reprocessed feeds. The major limiting factors are manual control and poor steam management.

FEATURE Automation can reduce the power consumption up to 40 percent as well as improve the productive life of pellet dies and rolls and prevent blockage and cleanout times. Automation removes the manual variability that leads to sub optimal steam conditioning and power settings resulting in variable pellet quality, which in turn results in higher level of returns from the sieves. This is particularly important when producing crumbs because in some feedmills sieve return levels of 30 percent are not uncommon, which is extremely wasteful as well as resulting in feed being over-processed. Automation control therefore results in a significantly lower level of returns, reduced down time and efficient feed scheduling

Drying

A feature that distinguishes aquafeed production is the drying process required to achieve the required moisture content to optimise the physical quality of the pellets or crumbles. This stage of the process however also represents a step that lacks real time control and inevitably leads to over or under drying against target moisture levels. The new moisture sensor technology referred to earlier offers a unique opportunity to automate the control of the moisture content before discharge from the drier. The payback from knowing the precise moisture before discharge to the coolers is a significant development for the aquafeed industry and one that can yield a significant return on investment.

Cooling

There are two losses associated with the cooling process. One is the dust and fines that can be lost from the air ducting due to incorrect set up and fan speeds, and the second is the losses associated with moisture migration. New technology to reduce moisture loss during the cooling process is now available to the industry – and through Agentis Innovations. This technology is specifically developed to provide vital information to a PLC in order to perform real-time control of a number of parameters that influence moisture loss. Similar to the drier stage, the returns in terms of target nutrient content and avoidance of moisture loss yield significant returns.

Sieving

Poor pellet quality leads to increase in fines and dust for rework which incurs losses. Aquafeed in particular requires various stages of sieving that inevitably lead to more returns. The ‘throughs’ of the sieves, at all settings, should where-ever possible, be routed back to the pelleting process for immediate

re-processing without the need for any intermediate storage or manual handling. Mills that have particularly long conveyor or elevator handling systems, or fall from the highest point (usually distributor head) also result in more damage to pellets (or segregation of coarse and fine material in mash feeds) and hence dust. Each time the ‘throughs’ are recirculated the product is subjected to further heat treatment which will compromise the nutritional quality of the feed, particularly if there is repeat recirculation. This emphasises the importance of optimising pellet quality through the conditioners and pellet and the advantage of automating these process steps.

Packing

Errors arising from placing wrong product in wrong silo or placing product in a silo which is not empty can be avoided by implementing automated route control, fixed silos and high/low level indicators to provide accurate record of how much feed is in each silo. The other challenge is accurate data about number of bags packed and sent to the warehouse. Weighing systems and bag counting technology can provide the necessary solution so that management are able to log the productivity of each packing line.

Quality control

Knowledge of the moisture content of the feed at packing is essential for physical product reasons, stock loss and shelf life. Moisture sensors can be installed on the packing line to ensure the optimal moisture content for maximum shelf life leading to reduced product reject and improved consistency of product performance.

for example, has responded to this challenge through the development of their award-winning Q-Plus truck control programme and innovative bag counting technology

Summary

Losses associated with moisture loss, product waste, accuracy of production or time management are costing the aquafeed industry multi million dollars. Agentis Innovations are actively responding to this challenge by developing technological solutions that directly impact all of these factors and provide valuable real-time stock control, full traceability from supplier to farm and significant return on investment. Agentis Innovations is a specialist in providing and developing technologies that automate manufacturing processes and integrate data collection for the global agricultural industry which include animal feed, aquafeed, petfood, and premix. More

information:

Agentis Innovations 1175/2 Krungthep-Nonthaburi Rd, Bangsue, Bangkok, Thailand 10800 Tel : 66 2 831 7299 (556), Fax : 66 2 586 9657 E-mail: enquiry@agentisinnovations.com Email: yiannis@agentisinnovations.com

Die and roll re-working machines

Bag loading

This represents a real challenge because the confusion that can occur from having multi-loading belts and different products to load. The primary concern is inventory control to ensure the correct product type and quantity has been loaded. Agentis Innovations,

www.oj-hojtryk.dk Phone: +45 75 14 22 55 Fax: +45 82 28 91 41 mail: info@oj-hojtryk.dk

O&J Højtryk A/S Ørnevej 1, DK-6705 Esbjerg Ø CVR.: 73 66 86 11

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 35 AD_o&j.indd 1

21/11/2012 15:08

EXPERT Tâ&#x2014;?PIC

EXPERT TOPIC

TROUT Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look at a particular species and how its feed is managed.

36 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

EXPERT T●PIC

5 7

2 4 8

Global

ccording to the World Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, approximately 576.2 thousand tons of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are cultured in 69 countries throughout the world, valued at 2.4 billion dollars. The production of rainbow trout has grown exponentially since the 1950’s and the total global production today is second only to Atlantic salmon. Major producing countries include Iran, Germany, Australia, Norway and France.

Iran

Asia’s aquaculture history dates back thousands of years. In the 1980’s, The Islamic Republic of Iran invested heavily in aquaculture development with the culture of rainbow trout along the Caspian Sea. Trout farms are mainly found across the centre, northwestern and western parts of the country. Iran’s trout farming systems consist of simple raceways made of concrete that harbor a continuous water flow. As a result of improved farming techniques and facilities, the country’s annual production of trout has grown dramatically. In1978, Iran reportedly produced 280 tonnes of trout. In 2009, total production reached 73 642 tonnes. Rainbow trout now

accounts for 13.26 percent of Iran's overall aquaculture production.

Today, rainbow trout is the most important cultured species in Germany. First introduced from North America in 1880, production figures for this species have increased annually over the last 40 years, reaching approximately 24000 tonnes in 2003. This increase in production is mainly due to milestones in the country’s aquaculture systems, namely, the development of artificial feeds, construction of flow-through-systems, artificial oxygen enrichment of production water and effective disease control. Currently, trout is cultured in flow through units throughout the southern part of the country, mainly in the States of BadenWürttemberg and Bavaria. These aquaculture systems are also found in the States of Lower Saxony, Hessen, Nordrhein-Westfalen and Thüringen. Germany’s trout farming production reached €113 million in 2005, making up 60 percent of the country’s total aquaculture earnings.

farming in New South Wales began in the early 1970s and today provides annual revenue of $12 million. Rainbow trout is also a dominant freshwater aquaculture species cultured southeastern state of Victoria. Primarily harvested in Victoria’s cooler Alpine regions, the history of Victoria’s trout rearing dates back to 1870. Today, there are approximately 20 farms in operation in the state, a few of which were established throughout the 70’s and 80’s. Between 2010 and 2011, the Victorian trout farming sector was responsible for the production of approximately 1000 tonnes of fish, a notable figure in light of the of the numerous droughts and bushfires in recent years. In Tasmania, rainbow trout are grown in both freshwater and saltwater systems. The first Tasmanian trial trout farm was established in 1964 in Bridport, a small town on the northeast coast of Tasmania. By 1981, oceanic net pen rearing of rainbow trout was being carried out on an experimental basis, and by 1983 several companies had successfully established marine farming of rainbow trout, operating on both the southeastern and western coasts.

The farming of both rainbow and brown trout is a valuable contributor to Australia’s aquaculture industry. Rainbow trout were first introduced to the country in 1927 as a source of recreational fishing in the south west of the state. Trout

Rainbow trout is the only non-native species of fish in Norwegian aquaculture. First introduced into the country in 1900, the species was first cultivated in freshwater in the early 1960s. Following successful intensive rearing processes, Norway’s trout production

Germany

Australia

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 37

Norway

EXPERT T●PIC

ADVANCED FEATURE DRYING

is now primarily reared in sea cages, although a small number of fish are still harvested in freshwater ponds and tanks. Current exports account for 95 percent of the country’s total aquaculture production. As one of the world’s leading trout exporters, it is not surprising that Norwegian reared fished are exported to over 130 different countries. The EU imports a large amount of Norwegian trout, with Denmark and France at the forefront in terms of export volume. Norway’s exports also extend to Russia and other eastern European countries. Currently, Japan and Russia import the largest volume of trout.

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ET-248B.indd 1

France

As one of the first European countries to develop a steady aquaculture industry, French aquaculture is notable for the production of trout farming. Trout rearing mainly takes place in Aquitaine, located in the southwest and Bretagne in the northwest. These two regions account for 47 percent of the country’s total trout production. There are however, a range of farms throughout the rest of the country including Nord Pas de Calais, Normandy, Rhône-Alpes and Midi-Pyrénées. Currently, the French trout farming industry employs approximately 2 000 people. 3 percent of the larger production companies produce more than 500 tonnes of fish annually. Interestingly, although they produce less than 100 tonnes each, smaller trout producer in the region represent 84 percent of France’s total production. France is the third largest producer of trout after Chile and Norway and in 2004, approximately 35 128 tonnes of the species was produced with a market value of around €135 million. At present, France’s rainbow trout market is divided in to three main sectors: • Direct consumption: accounts for approximately 80 percent of trout production with a market value of €130 million • Angling: accounts for 12 percent of production with a market value of €16 million • Restocking: accounts for 8 percent of production with a market value of €7 million France currently exports around 5 300 tonnes of rainbow trout to Belgium and Germany and imports around 3 000 tonnes from Norway and Spain.

38 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED 3/18/14 4:33 PM | March-April 2014

7 Farming trout in the UK - More than just food

estled in Coln Valley, within the lush Cotwolds in the UK and not far from IAF’s head office is the Bibury Trout Farm - one of Britain’s oldest aquaculture facilities. Founded originally by Arthur Servern, a dedicated naturalist, to supply the native Brown Trout to local rivers; it has evolved over the years, latterly under Kate Marriott’s ownership – and is now capable of producing 6 million trout ova from its hatchery every year, the majority being Rainbow Trout more suited to lake and reservoir habitats. Regardless of its age, established in 1902 – it is anything but ancient; Bibury Trout Farm has successfully solidified itself as both a bustling tourist attraction and innovative industrial fish producer. It has also been instrumental in bringing together its local community, assisting with local business and helping to bring even more life to an already vibrant community. Dedicated to its continued heritage, Bibury Trout Farm proudly maintains its conservation efforts – stocking local rivers, reservoirs and lakes throughout the United Kingdom. Three-fourths of its fish production, backed by local fishing syndicates, goes towards this process; restocking rainbow and brown trout at all stages of life. Although Bibury Trout Farm only uses one-fourth of its fish production for direct market sales, it still produces approximately 125 tonnes of trout annually for consumption. Domestically, Bibury transports trout eggs throughout the United Kingdom; its supply chain reaching as far North as Scotland – paying careful attention to the handling, temperature and packaging of its product in order to ensure it maintains it's high quality when delivered.

EXPERT T●PIC

A multitude of bio-security

Bibury Trout Farm has successfully implemented a multitude of biosecurity measures in order to mitigate and reduce the risk of disease within its operation. By sourcing only from its own hatchery (apart from periodic refreshment of broodstock), Bibury is able to successfully simplify its supply chain and in the process eliminate the chance of cross contamination – growing its fish all the way from the initial egg to maturation. Employees are effectively trained in the ethical and hygienic handling of fish, consistently washing their hands and feet between stations in order to maintain a sanitary and safe environment. Frequently samples of trout are taken and recorded in order to ensure that the health and sustainability of the fish is maintained. The feed producer Skretting has also been instrumental in the wellbeing, health and growth of Bibury Trout Farm as a whole, providing flexible options for finance during times of hardship and also providing an auxiliary of veterinary services which further cements the bio-security of fish stocks.

Tourist attraction

Tourists from all over the world flock to Bibury Trout Farm, captivated by the beauty of the local area and facilities. Bibury Trout Farm successfully draws a multitude of demographics (for example from trout producing countries such as Turkey and Iran to name just two), from young school children to retirees looking to enjoy their spare time. This open atmosphere and popularity provides a unique opportunity in which to further educate consumers on the trout industry and its farming practices, providing them with greater perspective and understanding. Using its onsite smoke foundry, Bibury is able to indulge its customers by producing a variety of diverse trout based cuisine; such as fresh trout, smoked trout, caviar and trout cakes. This variety of dishes will hopefully provide consumers with the opportunity to see just how many different ways trout can be incorporated into their day-to-day diet.

Recreational activities

Known as the “Greedy Fish” in Latin, trout provides us with not just an excellent form March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 39

of fish production – but also an enjoyable recreational activity. Bibury Trout Farm helps to maintain this sport by providing fisherman and anglers from across the globe with the opportunity to fish from the re-stocked lakes and rivers dotted throughout the United Kingdom. Furthermore, Bibury provides children with the opportunity to fish directly from the facility, ensuring a catch to help build their confidence and passion for aquaculture at a young age. Although Bibury Trout Farm doesn’t follow the traditional methods of table farming, it has helped to bring more upbeat enthusiasm to the trout industry as a whole. Developing and improving its local community through conservation, tourism and diversification of product – Bibury Trout Farm proves that successful aquaculture isn’t just about food production; but environmental sustainability and recreation as well.

8 EXPERT Tâ&#x2014;?PIC

Victorian Rainbow Trout

ccording to the history books Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were introduced to Australia just after 1860 and Victoria has held on to the mantle of being the largest supplier of freshwater trout to the Australian market ever since. Most of the fish produced in Victoria's cool alpine regions, primarily in the upper Goulburn River system, and whilst shorter lived than brown trout (cultured primarily for restocking purposes), the rainbows grow faster in most circumstances.

Victorian commercial trout farming has operated for over 40 years. Today's farms range in size from small tourist operations to large farms with many ponds or raceways that produce 100s of tonnes of fish. Freshwater trout in Victoria are usually farmed in flow-through raceways or ponds under semi-intensive and intensive grow-out systems using flow-through systems where large quantities of water are continually exchanged in the culture unit and fed a commercial pelleted diet. This type of farming requires a considerable amount of clean, cool water which is usually diverted from an adjacent river. Farms licensed through the Victorian Government Environmental Protection Authority, to ensure water is appropriately treated prior to discharge. This water generally passes through the production system and on to settlement ponds or constructed wetlands, before being discharged back into the river. As trout is a cold water species, it prefers water temperatures between 10-20 degrees, the frequency of hotter summers is proving to be a challenge for the industry. Innovations, such as using oxygen injection and deeper raceways to cope with increasing summer temperatures are being introduced. Since the trout pioneering days of Alan and Peter Leake, the industry has faced some significant challenges. Over recent years they have had to contend with massive bush fires in 2009 which were followed by floods. The majority of the farmers had just got their stocks back up from the fires and the consequential fire retardant chemicals, when in 2010 those gains were then lost when the fish were washed/swam away with the incredible floods. Most local people would recall seeing on the television at the time, trout being picked up from the water in the townâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s street.

Getting back to normal

After 2010 the state was down to 50 percent of normal production but latest news is that it is getting back to where it was with currently 26 licensed holders and is the largest volume aquaculture sector in Victoria. Companies like Alpine Trout Farm in Noojee, Victoria, at the base of the Mount Baw Baw Ranges, (a winter snow area Victorian Ranges about 120km east of Melbourne), is one of those in the business who through continuous improvement in production techniques and environmental management is adapting to these challenges. They have recently purchased eight ha and 58 ponds, the farm plans to produce 400 tonnes in the year but have concerns in 40 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

Profiles of Victoria's Salmonids Brown trout Brown trout were introduced to mainland Australia from Tasmania in 1864 as fertilised eggs. Fisheries Victoria stocks more brown trout than any other salmonid (trout and salmon). These stockings are predominantly into lakes and impoundments. This species of trout is widespread and abundant in north eastern Victoria where self-sustaining populations thrive in cool, fast flowing waters. Given good habitat and food, brown trout grow rapidly in their second and third year of life although few live beyond five to six years of age. Brown trout are considered to be a 'residential' fish exhibiting limited movement from established home ranges. They appear to dominate rainbow trout in waters where both species exist naturally.

Rainbow trout

Chinook salmon Chinook salmon are also known as Quinnat salmon and King salmon and are highly regarded by anglers as a strong sportsfish. They were first introduced to Australia in the 1870s. In natural circumstances, young and adults spend most of their life at sea, returning to their natal streams to spawn. Natural migratory stocks in North America have recorded fish of 1.6m and nearly 60kg. In Victoria they are only stocked into Lake Purrumbete, Lake Murdeduke and on occasion, Lake Modewarre. These waters have been known to produce fish of 89cm and 11.4kg (Lake Bullen Merri, 1981), but most fish are generally between 1 and 3kg.

Atlantic salmon Atlantic salmon are often confused with brown trout and were first introduced to Australia in the 1860s. In natural circumstances, most of their life cycle is spent at sea, however stocked populations for recreational fishing have been maintained in Lake Purrumbete and Lake Bullen Merri.

EXPERT Tâ&#x2014;?PIC produces about 800 tonnes of trout per annum or 30,000 fish per week. Approximately 40 percent of the fish are smoked.

Recreational angling

ensuring low stocking densities. The organisation has its fish processed in the farm's new 500sqm on-site facility, opened in November last year and they are growing Rainbow trout, Golden trout, Arctic Char and Brook trout. The most established Victorian Rainbow Trout organisation is Goulburn River Trout, a family operated trout farming and processing business based near Alexandra on the Goulburn River. The business has been in operation for 35 years, the last 20 under the ownership of the Meggitt family. The business employs about 25 people,

One cannot mention trout in Victoria without talking about recreational angling â&#x20AC;&#x201C; it also relies on aquaculture for restocking. The angling effort in Victoria occurs on freshwater lakes, rivers and streams with trout being one of the most harvested species in these waters. The Victorian trout fishery is a major social and economic contributor to regional communities with nearly half of all trout harvested in Australia being caught in Victoria. Inland anglers spend more than Aus$170 million a year pursuing trout, redfin and native species such as Murray cod and golden perch. In addition to providing good sport fishing, many consider trout to be a choice table fish. Since 1960, over 41 million trout have

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 41

been released in numerous lakes, rivers and streams across the state. Today, the Government utilises a combination of regulation, stocking and habitat improvement to manage trout fisheries. The use of these tools is underpinned by research performed by Primary Industries Research Victoria (PIRVic) based at Snobs Creek near Eildon. Continuing research on trout provides increased awareness of their behaviour and needs, which subsequently leads to improved trout fisheries as a result of informed management decisions. Research also provides the means to scientifically monitor both stocked and wild trout in order to adjust management strategies.

Perspectives

To get some perspectives in the global scene the value of Norwegian trout exports (information from FAO Globefish) increased to NOK 1.7 billion (US$304.8 million) in 2012 because of strong growth in volume, which totaled 56,000 tonnes, a 43 percent jump from 2011. Norway has an export growth of 60 percent in volume to Russia; Russia is fast increasing its relative share of Norwegian trout exports. In total, 55 percent of Norwegian trout exports went to this market in 2012. Other big trout markets were Japan and Belarus.

INDUSTRY EVENTS ILDEX Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Contact: Nalinrat Ananamnuaylap Tel: +662 670 0900 ext 118 Email: nalinrat.ana @vnuexhibitionsap.com Web: www.ildex.com

28 – 29 March 14

28 - 30 May 14

Forum do mar Porto, Portugal Contact: José Martins Tel: +351 22 998 1459 Email: jose.martins@exponor.pt Web: www.exponor.pt

5 - 7 June 14

EMS Forum: Managing the Shrimp Epidemic, Bangkok, Thailand Contact: Asian Aquaculture Network Tel: +66 0 2192 17878 ext. 29 Email: info@asianaquaculturenetwork.com Web: www.asianaquaculturenetwork.com

Future Fish Eurasia, Izmir International Fair Center, Izmir,, Turkey Contact: Eurasia Trade Fairs Tel: +90 212 347 10 54 Email: info@eurasiafairs.com Web: www.eurasiafairs.com

8 April 14

7th - 11th June 14

GRAPAS Conference (held in conjunction with Victam Asia), Bangkok, Thailand Contact: Andy West Tel: +44 0173 776 3501 Email: andrew.west733@ntlworld.com Web: www.victam.com

8 – 10 April 14

23 – 25 April 14

INDUSTRY EVENTS

VIV India, Bangalore, India Contact: Manuel Madani Tel: +31 30 295 2608 Email: manuel.madani @vnuexhibitions.com Web: www.viv.net/en

6 – 7 May 14

18 – 20 June 14

IndoLivestock, Jakarta, Indonesia Contact: Ika Angelia Tel: +62 2186 44756 ext 108 Email: comdept@napindo.com Web: www.indolivestock.com

22 - 27 June 14

5th Congress of the International Society for Applied Phycology (ISAP) Sydney, Australia Contact: Pierre Erwes Tel: +33 678 078 284 Email: pierre.erwes@biomarine.org Web: www.isap2014.com

17 July 14

European Algae Biomass Seville, Spain Contact: Dimitri Pavlyk Tel: + 44 2031 410627 Email: dpavlyk@acieu.net Web: www.acieu.net

ILDEX Thailand on the move, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand Contact: Nalinrat Ananamnuaylap Tel: +662 670 0900 ext 118 Email: nalinrat.ana@vnuexhibitionsap. com Web: www.ildex.com

May 20th – 22nd 14

3 – 5 September 14

VIV Europe, Utrecht, the Netherlands Contact: Ruwan Berculo Tel: +31 3029 52879 Email: viv.europe@vnuexhibitions.com Web: www.viv.net

25th - 30th May 14

XVI International Symposium on Fish Nutrition and Feeding, Queensland, Australia Contact: Dr Brett Glencross Tel: +61 7 3833 5926 Email: brett.glencross@csiro.au Web: www.isfnf2014.org/index.php

28th - 29th May 14

Aquaculture UK, Aviemore, Scotland Contact: David Mack Tel: +44 1862 8921 88 Email: info@aquacultureuk.com Web: www.aquacultureuk.com

9th Shanghai International Fishery & Seafood Expo (SIFSE2014), Shanghai New International Expo Centre, 2345 Longyang Road, Shanghai, China Contact: Lewis Liu Tel: +86 21 6775 9097 Email: Lewis.liu@gehuaexpo.com Web: www.sifse.com

11 - 13 September 14

Ildex Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar Contact: Ms. Nathaporn Vasinyont Tel: +662 670 0900 ext. 109 Email: nathaporn.vas @vnuexhibitionsap.com Web: www.ildex.com

Aquatic China (in conjunction with VIV China) New China International Exhibition Center (NCIEC) Beijing, China Contact: Anneke van Rooijen +31 30 295 2772 anneke.van.rooijen@vnuexhibitions.com Web: http://www.viv.net/en/Portal. aspx

23 - 25 September 14

VIV China, New China International Exhibition Center (NCIEC), Hall West 1 and 2, 88 Yu Xiang Road, Tianzhu Area, Shunyi district, Beijing, China Contact: Anneke van Rooijen Tel: +31 30 295 2772 Email: anneke.van.rooijen @vnuexhibitions.com Web: www.viv.net

14 - 17 October 14

Aquaculture Europe 2014, San Sebastian, Spain Contact: Mario Stael Tel: +32 9233 4912 Email: mario@marevent.com Web: www.easonline.org

15 - 17 October 14

Vietstock, Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Contact: Chau Tran Tel: +84 8 5401 2718 Email: chau.tran@ubm.com Web: www.vietstock.org

16 October 14

Ildex Thailand on the move Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand Contact: Nalinrat Ananamnuaylap Tel: +662 670 0900 118 Email: nalinrat.ana@vnuexhibitionsap.com Web: www.ildex.com

11 - 14 November 14

Eurotier, Hanover Fairground, Germany Contact: Karl Schloesser Tel: +49 06 924 788 254 Email: k.schloesser@dlg.org Web: www.eurotier.com

Get your f

e APP her re

Victam Asia (co-located with FIAAP and GRAPAS Asia), Bangkok, Thailand Contact: Andy West Tel: +44 0173 776 3501 Email: Andrew.west733@ntlworld.com Web: www.victam.com

World Aquaculture Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia Contact: Mario Stael Tel: +32 9233 4912 Email: mario@marevent.com Web: www.was.org

23 September 14

19 – 21 March 14

FAMI-QS is celebrating its 10-year anniversary

AMI-QS,a quality control system operated by the European feed ingredients organisation FEFANA, is hosting a one-day conference to celebrate reaching its 10th year anniversary.

The anniversary event will be held in the Sofitel Hotel in downtown Brussels on May 5, 2014. Dr Dieter Gressinger, the president of FAMI-QS will host the event with his secretary general Didier Jans explaining how the FAMI-QS was spun off from the federation to form an international reference standard for the feed sector. Other speakers on the program

include the director general of the EU’s Health and Consumers Directorate which is its food and veterinary office along with third-party certification from the International Trade Centre on standards map database and benchmarking. The program will also include a presentation from GMP+ on the FAMI-QS and GMP+ exper iences. Finally the Feed Schemes Obser vator y (FSO) will review feed benchmarking projects. More

information:

FEFANA Avenue Louise 130 A Box 1, 1050 Brussels Belgium Tel: +32 2 6396669 Fax: +32 2 6404111 Email: info@fami-qs.org Website: www.fami-qs.org

INDUSTRY EVENTS Aquaculture Europe 2014 set on San Sebastián, Spain

“

With our hosts, AZTITecnalia, the European Aquaculture Society (EAS) is organising our annual Aquaculture Europe event in the beautiful city of Donostia–San Sebastián in the hear t of the Basque Countr y, Spain and we'd very much like you to be with us.” That’s the message this month from the World Aquaculture Society which is planning it’s next meeting ‘AE2014’ from October 14-17, 2014, says Mario Stael of MarEvent in Belgium. AE2014 will address the theme of ‘adding value’ to our products, our processes, to research and to resources, he adds. The AE2014 pages of the EAS website are now. “On that page we have made an introductor y video, inviting

you to be with us. You will also find links to submit your abstract online, register online or exhibit. You will also see information on the city and the hotels with which we have obtained conference rates.”

Abstracts

Abstracts can be submitted for a wide range of sessions, including:

Adding value to aquaculture products; Commercialisation of aquaculture products; Integrity, safety and authenticity of food products from aquaculture; By-products management; Climate change and environmental management; Nutrition: Requirements; Nutrition: Alternative feed ingredients; Nutrition: Outputs of the EU ARRAINA project; Hatchery; Land-based aquaculture technologies; Offshore mariculture; Stock management strategies to control reproduction prior to har vest; Beyond monoculture; Advances in disease and welfare; Marine biotechnology; Genomic research and applications; Species diversification; Salmon farming sustainability; Eels - research progress; Shellfish; Seaweeds as food, feed and economic activity; Aquaponics; Organic aquaculture; Knowledge management, transfer and extension networks; Governance, policy and strategic planning; Biology of aquatic

species gametes (AQUAGAMETE COST ACTION); Laboratory fish models for aquaculture applications (e.g. Zebrafish and others) and Sustainability assessment of the aquaculture chain. “We are also organising satellite workshops and an international trade exhibition with associated Industry Forums for shellfish, marine fish and freshwater fish. “We invite you to submit your abstract and register early to take advantage of the low costs being offered. “Special registration fees for Spanish nationals that are members of the Sociedad Española de Acuicultura (SEA) are also offered from now until June 30.You can join EAS to get the special member rate, as well as the numerous benefits that membership provides,” concludes Mr Stael. More

information:

Website: www.easonline.org

VIV Europe 2014 World Expo for Animal Husbandry & Processing May 20-22, 2014 | Utrecht, the Netherlands

MORE INFORMATION

www.summit2014.org Special themes

For registration and more information, go to www.summit2014.org/registration

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 43

visit our website www.viv.net

Come to Utrecht in 2014 and connect to all players in today’s complete meat production chain.

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group)

Additives Chemoforma +41 61 8113355 www.chemoforma.com Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

www.stifnet.com

Westeel

VAV

+1 204 233 7133

+31 71 4023701

www.westeel.com

www.vav.nl

R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com

+41 71 955 11 11 Vigan Enginnering www.vigan.com

www.evonik.com

Animal Health & Nutrition

+81 82 420 8560 www.satake-group.com

www.cenzone.com

+44 1483 726081 www.formatinternational.com

Colour sorters

+43 1 79013 4917

SEA S.r.l.

www.mondigroup.com

+39 054 2361423

+33 2 37 97 66 11 www.denis.fr

Bulk storage

JEFO +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale ExtruTech Inc +1 785 284 2153 www.extru-techinc.com

+32 50 303 211 Format International Ltd

Denis

www.abvista.com

Adifo NV www.adifo.com

Bin dischargers

+44 1672 517 650

Computer software

+1 760 736 9901

Mondi Group

Ab Vista

Satake

Cenzone

Bags

Enzymes

B端hler AG www.buhlergroup.com

+49 618 1596785

www.buhlergroup.com

Colour sorters

+43 2272 6153310

Evonik

www.go4b.com Buhler AG

+41 71 955 11 11

Amino acids

+44 113 246 1800

Conveyors

Romer Labs www.romerlabs.com

4B Braime

www.gmpplus.org

+32 67 89 50 41

Analysis

Elevator & Conveyor Components

+31703074120

www.liptosa.com

www.sonac.biz

+33 2 41 72 16 80

www.tsc-silos.com

GMP+ International

+34 902 157711

+31 499 364800

STIF

+31 543 473979

Certification

Liptosa

Sonac

TSC Silos

www.seasort.com

Coolers & driers Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com

Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl Amandus Kahl +49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com Brabender +49 203 7788 0

Bentall Rowlands

FrigorTec GmbH

+44 1724 282828

+49 7520 91482-0

www.bentallrowlands.com

www.frigortec.com

Buhler AG

Chief Industries UK Ltd

Geelen Counterflow

+41 71 955 11 11

+44 1621 868944

+31 475 592315

www.buhlergroup.com

www.chief.co.uk

www.geelencounterflow.com

Croston Engineering

Muyang Group

+31 77 467 3555

+44 1829 741119

+86 514 87848880

www.dinnissen.nl

www.croston-engineering.co.uk

www.muyang.com

Silo Construction Engineers

Wenger Manufacturing

+1 515 254 1260

+32 51723128

+1 785-284-2133

www.insta-pro.com

www.sce.be

www.wenger.com

Silos Cordoba +34 957 325 165 www.siloscordoba.com Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Elevator buckets Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com 44 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

www.brabender.com

Dinnissen BV

Insta-Pro International

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com Zheng Chang +86 21 64188282 www.zhengchang.com

Palletisers

Feed Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com

+55 11 4873-0300

www.ehcolo.com

www.kepler.com.br Obial

+34 973 21 60 40

+1 314 576 8886

Wynveen International B.V.

Kepler Weber Group

+45 75 398411 PAYPER, S.A.

Novus www.novusint.com

Silos Ehcolo A/S

+90 382 2662120

www.payper.com

www.obial.com.tr

Pellet binders

MYSILO

Akzo Nobel

+31 26 47 90 699

+90 382 266 2245

+46 303 850 00

www.wynveen.com

www.mysilo.com

www.bredol.com

Hatchery products

Symaga

Borregaard LignoTech

+34 91 726 43 04

+47 69 11 80 00

Reed Mariculture

www.symaga.com

+1 877 732 3276

www.lignotechfeed.com

www.reed-mariculture.com

PellTech

Tornum AB

+47 69 11 80 00

+46 512 29100

www.pelltech.org

www.tornum.com

Laboratory equipment Bastak +90 312 395 67 87

Pest control

+1 402 434 9102

+886 2226 96789 www.fine-tek.com

+33 2 97 89 25 30

www.rentokil.co.uk

www.aqualabo.fr

Pipe systems

Agromatic

Jacob Sohne

www.binmaster.com FineTek Co., Ltd

Aqualabo

+44 0800 917 1987

Level measurement BinMaster Level Controls

Sensors

Rentokil Pest Control

www.bastak.com.tr

+41 55 2562100

+49 571 9580

www.agromatic.com

www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

Dol Sensors

Used around all industrial Plants sectors.

+45 721 755 55 www.dol-sensors.com

Andritz

Fr. Jacob Sรถhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

Vega

Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu+45

72 160300

www.andritz.com

+44 1444 870055 www.vega.com/uk

Moisture analyzers

+31 318 545 754

+41 71 955 11 11

www.dishman-netherlands.com

+33 14 1475045

Muyang Group

www.chopin.fr

+86 514 87848880

Doescher & Doescher GmbH +49 4087976770

Probiotics

www.nir-online.de

Packaging

Vacines

Recruitment JCB Consulting

www.seedburo.com

+49 6227 732668

+44 7805 092067 www.cbpackaging.com Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com Ugur Makina +90 (364) 235 00 26 www.ugurmakina.com

Ridgeway Biologicals +44 1635 579516 www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

Vacuum

+44 161 427 2402

Wynveen International B.V.

www.jcb-consulting.com

+31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Rolls Leonhard Brietenbach +49 271 3758 0 www.breitenbach.de OJ Hojtryk +45 7514 2255

CB Packaging

www.nabim.org.uk

www.biomin.net

+1 312 738 3700

NIR-Online

+44 2074 932521

+43 2782 803 0

Seedburo

NIR systems

nabim

Biomin

Hydronix www.hydronix.com

Training

www.muyang.com

www.doescher.com

+44 1483 468900

Dishman

Buhler AG www.buhlergroup.com

CHOPIN Technologies

Shrimp feed additives

www.oj-hojtryk.dk

Safety equipment

Weighing equipment Parkerfarm Weighing Systems +44 1246 456729 www.parkerfarm.com

Yeast products Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030

Rembe

www.leibergmbh.de

+49 2961 740 50

Lesaffre Feed Additives

www.rembe.com

Second hand equipment Sanderson Weatherall +44 161 259 7054 www.sw.co.uk

+33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr

To include your company in the International Aquafeed market place in print, and a company page on our website contact Tom Blacker. +44 1242 267700 โ ข tomb@perendale.co.uk

March-April 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 45

2014 Aquaculture

TECHNOLOGY

product showcase

CLOUD-BASED HAZARD MONITORING Hazardmon.com is a secure cloud based industrial monitoring solution that allows any registered user to login and see all their facilities in real-time from anywhere in the world. This product offers seamless integration with 4B’s communication BUS system – the T500 Elite “Hotbus”. The T500 multifunctional hazard monitoring system for bucket elevators and conveyors can monitor up to 256 sensors for combined belt alignment, belt speed, continuous bearing temperature, pulley alignment, level indication (bin / silo) and plug conditions.”

hazardmon.com

feed-additives@evonik.com www.aminodat.com

The new Amino Dat® Aqua 1.0 application allows you to view the amino acid composition of aqua feed ingredients used in fish and crustacean nutrition along with additional information on the variation of amino acid contents. Evonik Industries AG Health & Nutrition feed additives

AminoDat® Aqua V1.0 includes also a lot of new and more exotic raw materials used in aqua feed diets like shrimp head meal, squid meal, krill meal, tuna extract and fishmeal from different origins.

AMINODat Aqua 1.0 – Enhance your knowledge about your raw materials.

Extru-Tech, Inc. - Introduces New Valve Options. In a continued effort

to improve product performance and production control, Extru-Tech, Inc. has introduced a new Mid-Barrel Valve (MBV), and a new Energy Management Valve (EMV). Used independently, or together, bothoffer increased control of SME (Specific Mechanical Energy). As an internal component, the MBV can be added in any position along the barrel for on-line control of SME and product density. Used with our highly adaptable single screw extruders, the new MBV allows higher SME, higher cook and lower bulk density, even with fresh meat and high-fat recipes. The new EMV located at the barrel discharge, meanwhile, controls the final product characteristics by dynamically adjusting extruder die restriction. The advanced EMV design allows the flow of off-spec extrudate to be diverted away, thus reducing the chances of contaminating the conveyance system and reducing food safety risk. Used together, the EMV and MBV further maximize SME, by manipulating product density. Their combined use also allows for quicker acquisition of product density, critical limit temperatures and pressures... ...all with less waste.

www.evonik.com

www.extru-techinc.com

ZhengChang 168F Extruder, Model: 160kw Die Hole: 4mm, Produce Common Floating Fish Feed, Actual Capacity: 7.2t/h. Capacity: 6-7t/h, on average 2t/h higher than other machines of the same type in the industry. Highly efficient frequency conversion feeder features high stability and convenient operation that can produce finer particles with high capacity. Humanized design for steam and water adding can conduct online flow detection, adding in proportion, so as to guarantee the quality of the feed. Specially designed mixing shaft and paddle can improve the cooking and mixing uniformity. The maximum water and steam adding rate is 30%, which can improve the quality of the feed. Hard wearing alloy screw and bushing blocks can reduce maintainance costs. Fixed space cutters avoid cutter wear. Smooth drive of the particle cutting structure can guarantee smooth operation and effectively reduce mechanical faults that caused by vibration. Quick cutter and die exchange can save time for production.

www.zhengchang.com

Gold Mehl FM - Gold Mehl FM is a processed poultry protein with high protein content and high protein digestibility. This is achieved by using drying process with optimal conditions using Low Temperature (LT) drying technology. A comparison between Gold Mehl FM and demand of EAA by fish and shrimp indicates that a balance exists within most EAA thus positioning Gold Mehl FM as a replacer of Fish Meal. With 85% crude protein content and more than 85% in vivo digestibility, the product is a unique offering in the category of Animal Proteins and is being used widely in different parts of the world.

www.ge-pro.de

Extruder type EX1250 For high performance extrusion The ANDRITZ EX1250 extruder is designed to meet the ever increasing demands from aqua feed producer and the aqua feed industry. The EX 1250 ensures high capacity and versatile extrusion production lines. Special features: • High capacity: 10-20 tph • Integrated operating systems: Reduced installation time and costs • Low maintenance and wear parts costs • User-friendly design: Easy to access and clean, ensuring optimum hygiene • Wide variety of options and accessories available to meet specific requirements The EX1250 ensures high capacity, controlled energy input, stable operation and consistency in product quality.

www.andritz.com

Liptosa Co. presents in the market the latest development in the field of growth promoters for fingerlings Liptofry® is a Phytobiotic integrated by mix of protected organic acids ; plant extracts and technical components to be included in crumbles since the starting feeding. This additive have shown on industrial conditions and in different fish with a very high efficacy in reducing time spent on fingerlings cycle and with significant differences regarding control batches. Moreover Liptofry® has been proven to be a very effective natural additive to control the appearance of opportunistic bacterial origin outbreaks Liptofry is definitely a growth promoter that allow optimization in nursery phase increasing the survival rate and growth rate..

www.liptosa.com

CompacTwinTM – the flexible twin-screw extruder The CompacTwinTM twin-screw extruder has been designed for a wide variety of applications in many different industries. The lean design is especially suitable for trouble-free production of high volumes of a given product and product formula. The functional control system of the extrusion system ensures dependable production and enables easy selection of the production parameters of the feeder, preconditioner, and extruder. The extruder is available in two sizes: 62 mm screw diameter with a throughput capacity up to 1000 kg/h and 93 mm up to max. 3000 kg/h.

www.buhlergroup.com/aquafeed MUYANG MY TWIN-SCREW EXTRUDER - High-efficient extruder for aquafeed, food and raw material treatment. More suitable for sticky formulations.

AquaStar® - With the development of the AquaStar® product line,

AquaStar

BIOMIN serves the needs of the industry for natural and sustainable ® fish solutions. AquaStar® is a well-defined, multi-strain probiotic product for and shrimp which promotes a beneficial gut microflora as well as an improved environmental condition in ponds, thereby improving efficiency in production: Controls pathogenic microorganisms Stabilizes water quality and pond bottom Improves gut health and performance

aquastar.biomin.net

Easy operation - PLC and touch screen for convenient control; by-pass provided to avoid blockage; easy operation, precise and reliable. High efficiency - Optimal chamber groove and screw flight profiles, minimum SME input; efficient DDC conditioner and jacketed barrel with stabilized and facilitated extrusion, maximum energy utilization; unique suspending cutter, adjustment without down time. More flexibility - Modularized barrel and screw structure with many addons, adaptable to varied high-fat or -moisture formulations; controllable temperature, pressure and density, minimizing reconfiguration acquired. Customizable solution - Incl, machine size, barrel, screw, discharge die, cutter knives, steam pipeline and energy recovery system etc.

www.muyang.com

Former IFIF Secretary General appointed President of newly formed IASP

oger Gilbert, publisher of the aquaculture magazine International Aquafeed, has been appointed president of the newly formed Association of International Seafood Professionals. He joins Roy Palmer who has been tasked with running the newly formed association and is its new executive director.

"The aims and objectives of the IASP are based on individual participation with the view that by drawing together inputs from all sectors of the industry, and that includes those working in the capture industry as well as in fish farming, our industry can better organise itself and determine its future role," says Mr Gilbert. "It's an honour for me to be appointed the Association’s first president. I am particularly keen to see seafood recognised as a major source of protein in our diets and for the benefits in health that it delivers. In addition, I'm firmly of the belief that aquaculture will play a vital role in supplying the protein a growing world population will need as we head toward 9.5 billion people on the planet in 2050! "For 22 years I worked as secretary general of the International Feed Industry Federation through its developmental years, and I feel well qualified to assist in the establishment of this organisation during this critical inception period”.

MSD Animal Health UK appoints new commercial manager for aquaculture

eith Morris has been promoted to UK commercial manager for MSD Animal Health Aquaculture. Previously the national accounts manager, Keith has assumed responsibility for all commercial aspects of the aquaculture business, including marketing.

David Schofield, MSD’s integrated livestock director David Schofield confirmed the recent promotion and highlighted the company’s strategy of providing targeted advice and technical support to UK customers. “ I am delighted that Keith has been promoted to this key role. His work alongside the technical team in developing our vaccine business, particularly Norvax® Compact PD as well as SLICE treatment strategies is helping deliver our enhanced ‘Value Through Service’ products and technical service packages to the benefit of an increasing number of salmon producers in the UK.” The UK Aquaculture team comprises Keith Morris (commercial manager), Dafydd Morris (technical manager) and Liam Doherty (technical trials assistant). www.msd-animal-health.co.uk

SPC’s new director-general

he Secretariat of the Pacific Community (SPC) recently appointed Dr Colin Tukuitonga as it new director-general. SPC is an international organisation to promote public health, geoscience, agriculture, forestry, water resources, disaster management and fisheries.

Dr Tukuitonga brings over 27 years’ experience working in a variety of roles, including as a clinician, academic, programme manager and consultant adviser. He will be based at SPC’s headquarters in Noumea, New Caledonia. Prior to his new role, Dr Tukuitonga worked in Niue, Fiji, New Zealand and Switzerland in senior roles including chief executive officer of the Ministry of Pacific Island Affairs of the New Zealand Government; associate professor of public health and head of Pacific and International Health at the University of Auckland; director of Public Health in the New Zealand Ministry of Health; and head of Surveillance and Prevention of Chronic Diseases with the World Health Organisation in Geneva. www.spc.int

Research scientist joins Nofima

he Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research (Nofima) recently appointed Dr Astrid Buran Holan as its new research scientist in the field of controlled environment aquaculture, Norway.

Commenting on the appointment, Bendik Fyhn Terjesen, Nofima’s senior scientist said: “[Buran] will strengthen the technological aspects of this field in Nofima, and contribute to the further development of the Centre for Recirculation in Aquaculture (NCRA) at Sunndalsøra”. Through the NCRA, which was established in 2010, Nofima contributes increased knowledge about fish nutrition, physiology, health and welfare in the most important farmed species in recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS). As part of her new role, Dr Buran will focus on developing and integrating new and existing water treatment technologies in recirculating and semi-closed aquaculture systems. www.nofima.no/en 48 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | March-April 2014

by Marnie Snell

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