Jul - Aug 2014 - International Aquafeed magazine by Perendale Publishers Ltd

I N C O R P O R AT I N G F I S H FA R M I N G T E C H N O L O G Y

Tilapia farming in China Ukrainian Fish Farming: – Opportunities for growth

El Niño – plan ahead and manage the risk

Microalgae: – A sea of opportunities for the aquaculture industry Fish Farming Technology supplement - Stock protection - Biomass control - Technology round up

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CONTENTS

AN INTERNATIONAL MAGAZINE FOR THE AQUACULTURE FEED INDUSTRY - INCORPORATING FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Aqua News 3 5 7 7 9 9

The future of science is in good hands - Alltech Young Scientist Winners 8000 farmed Tilapia found dead in Fiji High levels of HCBs in fishmeal reported in Norway GSSI 'Global Benchmark Tool Huon launches US$3.5M ‘Feed Barge’ Adifo strengthens its market position in Philippines

Features 10 14 16 18 30

Tilapia farming in China Ukrainian Fish Farming: Opportunities for growth El Niño - plan ahead and manage the risk New trials confirm strong results with probiotics Microalgae: a sea of opportunities for the aquaculture industry

Regular items 7 THE AQUACULTURISTS 20 INDUSTRY PROFILE - Biorigin 26 PHOTOSHOOT 33 EXPERT TOPIC - SALMON 44 INDUSTRY EVENTS Showcasing the world’s best fish – Malaysia takes advantage Monaco Blue Initiative hosted in Latin America 48 CLASSIFIED ADVERTS 50 THE AQUAFEED INTERVIEW 52 INDUSTRY FACES The cover image for this edition of International Aquafeed is our WAS/International Aquafeed photo competion winner 'Hatching' by Bernd Ueberschär, Germany - see more on page 26.

International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom. All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2014 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

Also in t Our Fishhis issue: F

ar Technolo gy centr ming e section sup Technoloplement: g Biomassy round up Stock p control rotectio n

www.perendale.co.uk

Editor Professor Simon Davies Email: simond@aquafeed.co.uk Associate Editors Dr Albert Tacon Email: albertt@perendale.co.uk Dr Yu Yu Email: yuy@perendale.co.uk Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) Email: mai@perendale.co.uk Editorial Advisory Panel • Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed (Egypt) • Dr Albert Tacon (USA) • Professor António Gouveia (Portugal) • Professor Charles Bai (Korea) • Colin Mair (UK) • Dr Daniel Merrifield (UK) • Dr Dominique Bureau (Canada) • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman (Greece) • Dr Kim Jauncey (UK) • Eric De Muylder (Belgium) • Dr Pedro Encarnação (Singapore) • Dr Mohammad R Hasan (Italy) Editorial executive Olivia Holden Email: oliviah@perendale.co.uk Editor - Asia Pacific Roy Palmer Email: royp@perendale.com Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan Email: tutit@aquafeed.co.uk Design Manager James Taylor Email: jamest@perendale.co.uk International marketing team (UK) Darren Parris Email: darrenp@aquafeed.co.uk Tom Blacker Email: tomb@perendale.co.uk Tilly Geoghegan Email: tillyg@perendale.co.uk Latin America Ivàn Marquetti Email: ivanm@perendale.com Pablo Porcel de Peralta Email: pablop@perendale.com India Raj Kapoor Email: rajk@perendale.com Africa Nathan Nwosu Email: nathann@perendale.com More information: International Aquafeed 7 St George's Terrace, St James' Square Cheltenham, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267706 Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk

Creoso - welcome

t is now high summer in England and the heat wave is on! I have been on some limited travel lately but mainly within the UK. It is somewhat surprising how much of the United Kingdom still remains outside of my experience. There are so many regions and cities to explore, and when I do eventually retire from academia I won’t be short of activities within Great Britain. I visited Lincoln last month, one of England’s most beautiful cathedral cities with an aspiring university and interesting specialist teaching and research in animal welfare and production but not as yet fish. Close by there are several tilapia farms based on closed system technologies and making waves for the expansion of an English Aquaculture Industry. There are plans afoot for more expansion of various species beyond shellfish to include a number of important commercial fish of high value and the British Government should be seriously addressing this issue with respect to increased fish consumption and our dependency on importation of farmed fish.

Professor Simon Davies

Our current issue

Turning to our current issue, we have a topical report on tilapia farming in China and a review article on the status of fish farming in the Ukraine covering many interesting developments and potential despite the unfortunate political events in this troubled region of the world. We may need to forecast and better plan our aquaculture activities in future given the threat of global climate change and the need for risk assessment. An invaluable critique is presented towards this aim with an emphasis on El Nino events. We explore the salmon industry further within our exert topic feature that focuses on salmon production in the USA, Chile and even New Zealand for the farming of Chinook Pacific salmon. In this regard, we are concerned about biomass control and more attention should be paid to the inventory of fish weight and density in intensive rearing of salmon. Our regular interview feature in this issue is with Onur Emre Solak the Manager of Pharmaq Turkey who speaks about his companies’ commitment to the growing aquaculture sector in this part of the Mediterranean. Indeed, I have hosted an ERASMUS exchange student from Turkey for the last 6 months who has been examining the incidence of deformities in hatchery produced sea bass fry with special techniques for bone density measurements. I am impressed by the quality and training of Turkish students in this area. Of course we have a comprehensive list on news from the industry and are pleased to include a report on the Monaco Blue Initiative attended by His Serene Highness, Prince Albert II of Monaco held in Santiago, Chile recently. Many aspects of food security via aquaculture and the global health of our oceans were at the heart of the agenda. This forum has highlighted very many issues of relevance to the industry and offering a platform for dialogue, technical exchange and governance. This latest issue is excellent reading and I trust you will find it most informative - please enjoy and keep the articles coming. Our trade magazine stands on the shoulders of the giants in the field and reflects this increasingly.

Aquatic China 2014 in Beijing from September 21-22, 2014

Aquatic China 2014, co-organisted by International Aquafeed magazine and VIV China, has a full two-day program of scientific and commercial speakers that will prove of vital interest to fish farmers throughout China and the Asian region. "We feel there is a great opportunity for the leading fish farming country to meet with scientists and commercial leaders to discuss the latest developments in fish farming nutrition and technology, says co-organiser Roger Gilbert, publisher of IAF magazine. IAF is working closely with Professor Kangsen Mai of the Ocean University of China in Qingdao, Shangdong Province to develop a program that will engage both Chinese and nonChinese fish farming countries in an international program that will encourage the exchange of information on fish health, feeding and farming. "China produces almost 85 percent of all farmed fish globally, yet much of the research and development of technologies around fish farming is occurring in other regions of the world." In conjunction with VIV, which is co-organising the event to run concurrently with its two-day China Summit prior to the opening of VIV China 2014 in Beijing from September 23-25, 2014, the overall aim is to align fish farmers in China with the technology of the future and the scientific

Aqua News Director of the Alltech Young Scientist Programme Dr Inge Russell, with Lei Wang and Mark Lyons

The flavour dimension Ioannis Zabetakis, assistant professor of food chemistry, university of Athens, Greece

The future of science is in good hands - Alltech Young Scientist Winners

nvestigations of a rainbow trout gene (Kpna7) and its role in oocyte and early embryonic development and a novel β-Defensin Gene Cluster expressed in the reproductive tract of both mares and stallions were the two winning topics in this year’s Alltech Young Scientist Programme, announced at Alltech’s 30th Annual International Symposium, in downtown Lexington, US. There was unprecedented interest in the competition this year, with more than 8500 participants, representing the future generation of animal, human and plant health scientists.The Alltech Young Scientist Competition, now in its ninth year, attracts the brightest scientific thinkers from colleges and universities around the world awarding students for their scientific discoveries. Eight regional winners representing Asia, Europe, Latin America and North America came to Lexington, to present

their research before a panel of international judges for the graduate grand prize of US$10,000 and the undergr aduate gr and pr ize of US$5,000. This year’s graduate winner was Lei Wang, originally from China and currently completing her PhD studies in the United States with the University of West Virginia. Wang’s research work focused on novel functional roles of oocyte-specific nuclear transpor ter (Kpna7) in relation to developmental competency of rainbow trout oocyte and early embryo. “This year’s competition brought eight outstanding students from around the globe to Lexington to compete. It was an exciting competition and the research papers presented all have the potential to result in significant improvements for the field of aqua, plant technology and environmental science,” said Dr Inge Russell, director of the Alltech Young Scientist Programme.

resources that they will need to achieve increased production in terms of quality and quantity, says Mr Gilbert. "I'm convinced that the global fish farming industry can learn a lot from China and its scientific depth of knowledge when it comes to managing and feeding farmed fish. I'm just as convinced that global research and development has a lot to offer the Chinese industry. This is a venue that brings all these players together." Supporting the event is the premier sponsor Evonik. Others include local companies such as Hangzhou Kingtechina Feed Company, Atech, Guangzhou Hinter Biotechnology Co., while international supporters including (some yet to confirm): Jefo, LSF, Rabo Bank and Skretting - Nutreco. Links to conference pages and information: http://bit.ly/aquaticchina14info Registartion: http://bit.ly/AquaticChina14E

or all of us who work in the aquaculture sector, the problems we need to face in every day life are of two dimensions: first, we need to address the issue of feed functionality and sustainability (that is, food security) and second (and most probably more impor tant!) we need to make sure that the end produce (fish and fish products) has superb sensory properties. A fish fillet with excellent aroma, taste and after taste has much higher added value and wider acceptability. Therefore, we need to make sure that the feed ingredients can ‘pass’ to the final produce some endogenous (in the raw ingredients) sensor y proper ties that could be detected and (hopefully) appreciated by the end-consumer. Let me tell you an egg stor y: one of the biggest egg producers in Greece has had this successful concept: egg-producing chickens could be fed with feeds enriched in herbs of distinctive flavour. The end result has been a success: the eggs that are produced from the animals having this ‘herbal diet’ (they are marketed as ‘biodeli’) are of superior quality and … value. They taste more ‘herbally’ and money-wise there is some considerable added value. Consumers can buy a pack of six at the super markets for €3.96 (this is not a typographical mistake). Consumers, in a debt hit country, are prepared to pay up to four Euros for … six eggs. Crazy? Perhaps! What makes the consumers ready to pay more for an animal/ fish products? First, it is the question of functionality and how nutritional this food is. Eggs used to be considered not so healthy because of their high lipid content.

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 3

However, recent research has shown that eggs contain valuable polar lipids with strong antiinflammatory action that is eggs are strong cardio-protective agents. Second, it is the question of taste and aroma. If an egg does not taste ‘eggy’ anymore but it tastes more ‘pleasant around the palette’, then the final price could be increased as a wider market margin could be opened. Both points have been addressed with some considerable success in the case of the ‘bio-deli’ eggs. They taste better (than conventional eggs) and they carry higher nutritional value. These features are reflected in their popularity despite their higher price. Could we do something analogous with aquafeeds and fish? Absolutely so! Feed ingredients of plant origin with strong functional and sensory proper ties could be incorporated into the aquafeed pellets; it is rather straight forward with the available drying and extrusion equipment. But also, using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) for the final fish fillet does allow us some flexibility in terms of extending shelf-life and therefore marketability of our products. At the packaging stage and linked to MAP, we could use some herbs that could enrich the flavour of the fish and further extend shelf-life. Oregano, dill, lemon and rosemary can be used during packaging to differentiate the final produce and enrich its sensory properties and nutritional value. The combinations are unlimited. All we need to do is to ‘listen’ to the market needs and trends and show some spirit of endeavour. www.zabetakis.net izabet@chem.uoa.gr

Benefits of integration of feed safety and feed responsibility

ll over the world, more and more people share the opinion that safe feed is an extremely important element in the production of safe food. Safe feed for safe food is a basic principle. Actually, it was the trigger for the Dutch feed industry to establish and implement feed safety standards, laid down in what now is called the GMP+ Feed Cer tification scheme, more than 20 years ago. GMP+ standards give clear requirements and conditions for application of systems and tools to assure the safety of the feed throughout the whole feed chain. Besides this, GMP+ International gives a lot of support to a feed company when it comes to different aspects of risk management on company level.

Johan den Hartog, managing director of GMP+ International, Rijswijk, The Netherlands Together with some additional steps, this should result in a sound and complete HACCP plan, consisting of procedures and routines to control the feed safety during daily operation, and act quickly if for some reason limits are exceeded. Any company can apply the HACCP principles, whether big or small, whether producing, trading or providing ser vices, and irrespective of the position of the feed company in the feed chain.

HACCP is the core of a GMP+ system

It should not be a surprise that application of the HACCP principles is also a major requirement in the GMP+ standards in order to assure the safety of the feed.

Application of HACCP

Already a long time ago, the Codex HACCP principles were introduced to create a clear foundation for controlling food safety. They have â&#x20AC;&#x201C; when applied correctly - proved to contribute to a higher food safety level. In principle, the application of the HACCP principles is quite simple. The major steps are:

1) identify possible hazards 2) assess whether they are a risk for the safety of your feed 3) define and implement control measures 4) monitor on effectiveness of the control measures

However, GMP+ International has noticed that application of the HACCP principles may differ between individual feed companies, resulting in different levels of feed safety assurance, due to culture, mind-set and (lack of) knowledge. In order to assure that every GMP+ company applies the HACCP principles in the same way and achieves the same, high level of feed safety control, the GMP+ standards give more detailed HACCP requirements than the general HACCP principles as laid down in the Codex document. In addition, requirements to establish and implement a complete prerequisite programme are laid down. GMP+ International has the opinion that a HACCP plan can only be successful established and implemented when first a basic

safety level in the company is created by meeting basic conditions focussed on - for instance - personnel, buildings, facilities and equipment and when maintenance, pest control and cleaning programmes etc. are implemented in the company. Next to applying HACCP principles and implementing a prerequisite programme, the third pillar of a complete GMP+ feed safety management system is a management system which should be able to assure the feed safety on the highest level.

Feed support products

Over the years and in close cooperation with experts from the feed industr y and institutes, GMP+ International, has gathered a lot of information on different aspects of feed safety control. This information is made available for GMP+ cer tified companies via the Feed Support Products. The Feed Suppor t Products include: - Fact sheets of more than 160 so-called undesirable substances and processing aids. Think of: mycotoxins, heavy metals, pesticides, dioxins and PCBs. These substances might cause a risk to the feed safety. The fact sheets provide a lot of scientific information about the possible effect on humans, animals and the environment. This information is helpful in deciding whether the hazard is a risk. In addition, these fact sheets give suggestions for possible control measures - Generic risk analysis of more than 500 feed materials. For several steps in the production process of these feed materials, possible hazards are identified and assessed. Safety limits are given and suggestions for control measures. A GMP+ company can use such a generic risk analysis when establishing a company specific HACCP plan. Also the information can be used selecting suppliers and

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deciding what assurance must be given when feed materials are bought - A G M P + M o n i t o r i n g database with analysis results from all types of feed (for example feed materials, but also compound feed), produced all over the world. The GMP+ Monitor ing database can be used to share analysis results within a monitoring group, but also the anonymised analysis results from other GMP+ par ticipants can be used to during the application of several HACCP steps - A number of so-called D-documents are available on the GMP+ website, containing information about several different topics related to feed safety management. They give background information and practical guidance for an individual company establishing or improving a feed safety management system. There are guidances for application of HACCP, for establishing a feed safety management system, for developing a system for supplier control, for a tracking and tracing system, etc. All this supporting information can be found on the website of GMP+ International. Some of the information is publicly available, other information is only available for GMP+ cer tified companies, or via the GMP+ webshop. Application of HACCP principles is an impor tant requirement in the GMP+ standards. Requirements have been specified and detailed, but still give an individual company flexibility to establish its own HACCP plan. Information is available to suppor t a company in establishing a practical but sound and complete HACCP plan.

Aqua News Creating & nurturing AwF for growth

8000 farmed Tilapia found dead in Fiji

eni Siga who comes from near Denarau Island in Fiji, relives a US$16,000 nightmare ever y time there's mass death at his fish farm which he started three years ago on Maqalev, reports the Fiji Times Online. "This is the seventh time something like this has happened," he says. "The last incident was in 2012 and police confirmed that pesticide was poured into the ponds." He said about 8000 tilapia were found dead ear ly Friday morning. "We had just started harvesting the fish on Thursday and when we woke up this morning the rest of the fish were dead. It's really upsetting because all of our hard work has been wasted. "This is also government money going down the drain because we get the fishlings from Naduruloulou Research Station and the Coboni Fish Farm in Ra. “We've reported the case to police and I hope that they get to the bottom of this because it is ruining our livelihood." Police confirm an investigation has been launched into the incident. Denarau Island, on the main Island of Viti Levu, is the largest integrated resort in the South Pacific. Less than 10 kilometres from Nadi, it boasts eight large resor ts, stunning beaches and an 18-hole championship golf course. Follow the links for more: http://bit.ly/IAF1404-1

Send your news items to International Aquafeed

Roy Palmer, director, Aquaculture without Frontiers

e have had an exciting couple of months at Aquaculture without Frontiers. A focus was our great program of presentations at our session, Development, Welfare and Poverty Alleviation (AwF), at World Aquaculture Adelaide 2014 (WAA14) on June 11, 2014. We have had the whole session recorded and the video will soon be on our website (www. aquaculturewithoutfrontiers.org). The session, was sponsored by Wor ld Aquaculture Society's (WAS) Premier Sponsor, Tyson Foods Inc, one of the world’s largest food suppliers as well as a leader in hunger and disaster relief. The session had speakers from Nigeria, India, Brazil, Seychelles, USA, Sri Lanka, Nepal and Australia and covered a myriad of issues and case studies across the continents. Of course, Brazil has been very much in the spotlight lately so it was good to see that we had four presentations covering small scale fish farming, the development of producers co-ops, production of native oysters and an overview of aquatic solutions to hunger and malnutrition in that country. Solutions to poverty alleviation do not necessarily have to focus on creating food, but can be about jobs, livelihoods and hope. The Indian presentation especially took us down this path. As usual this was a fascinating session, as AwF sessions tend to be, highlighting how many good people there are trying to solve these monumental problems.

Latest update

I gave an update on the latest information on AwF, including the promotion of the new Corporate Social Responsibility platform, the planned Memorandum of Understanding with the African Association of Agricultural Economists and the opportunities

that will bring and invited people to stay to have a general meeting to discuss other future directions of AwF. One stand out was the prospect of the prospect of Aquaculture Learning Centres in Sri Lanka. At the Trade Show of WAA14 we held a ‘Silent Auction’ which was our main focus for promotion and fund raising during the event. We are very grateful for the AwF volunteers who were encouraging people and companies to bid on a range of 11 items we had to auction, which included: • Three framed photographs which were prize winners of the photography competition run by International Aquafeed – thanks to the sponsors of the activity for their generosity in enabling us to have the photos (see more in the photoshoot of this edition!) • Diploma in Aquaculture (Training to be provided) • Books • Adelaide Crows indigenous football jumper and conference polo shirts We have acknowledged the generous item donors on the website donor list and thank them and the purchasers for their great contribution to the total amount raised – AU$2,420. Thank you also to the many people who helped set up and run the auction. There was some frantic last minute bids as many people entered into the spirit of the activity. We have kept a small amount of this money in Australia as hope to have AwF registered as a charity and this will be used to establish the bank account. At the moment the ‘Silent Auction’ funds are just going into the general account but recently we were contacted by Professor Gideon ‘Gidi’ Hulata from the Depar tment of Poultry and Aquaculture, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural

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Research Organisation, The Volcani Center in Israel as he is retiring and was keen to ensure that his aquaculture library went to a deserving cause. AwF volunteer and good friend, Noe Noe (Maymyat Noelwin), has been working with the Myanmar Fisheries Federation to create the ‘AwF Library’. Subject to getting this finalised this will be the first aquaculture library in Myanmar. Maybe it will be possible to get Gidi to attend the inauguration of the library, and present a lecture at the event – work in progress!

New volunteers

We have 15 new volunteers who have registered since May 18, 2014 and we continue to build and maintain our listings. Thank you to those who have made this commitment. Our Volunteer Coordinators, Cormack O’Sullivan (Canada) and Ignacio Llorente Garcia (Spain), are doing a great job and we have just announced that we are expecting a large number of oppor tunities for volunteers to contribute in the very near future. Kevin Fitzsimmons, previous AwF President, is currently in Bangladesh developing volunteer projects and in the following weeks he will be Myanmar and Nepal. The current thought is that we will be looking for 30 volunteers per year, 10 each from Bangladesh, Myanmar and Nepal, for next five years. In this case there is a restriction that all volunteer s will need to be US-based as funds are coming from USAID and we need to meet their specific criteria. Anyone interested should be registered in AwF data base (http://www.aquaculturewithoutfrontiers.org/volunteers/) so we can match exper tise with specific requirements of the program. For these roles the volunteer trips tend to be ten to twenty days in length, with a few shor ter and some much longer. All expenses are covered by USAID in advance or reimbursed once the paperwork is organised. We will provide more details for the AwF website in coming weeks.

AQUACULTURE

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other herds in the same region or from across the country. What is impressive is that these farmers are all speaking the same ‘language’ (and no, I don’t mean English!). The important parameters are well defined and the yardsticks (or benchmarks) well known to all farmers, large or small. For example, the Breed Class Average (BCA) is a milk, fat and protein index used by all milk recording programs across Canada. The BCA index allows fair comparison of cows of different breeds, ages and months of calving across the country and over time. BCA indexes of 100 were set at the average 305-day production levels determined from official records in 1952.

by Dominique P Bureau, member of the IAF Editorial Panel

On the importance of having appropriate yardsticks and tools: Lessons from the dairy industry? The first two ‘work experiences’ I had in the field of agricultural sciences were in dairy farming and in dairy genetics and breeding. Since those days, I developed an interest and great appreciation for the great progresses that have been achieved by dairy industry and its culture of ‘benchmarking’. Over the years, I had the chance to exchange with many dairy farmers and can testify that most dairy farmers are able (and often very proud) to tell you everything about every single one of the cows in their herd: annual production, pedigree (sire and dam), somatic cell counts, body conformation score, calving interval, etc. More than two-thirds of dairy farmers in Canada adhere to some sort of production monitoring and herd management program. In Canada and in many other countries where this type of system exists, every dairy farm adhering to one of these programs is able to keep a very close tab on the annual production of each cow, the overall average of the herd and how well the herd is comparing to

Today, many cows in Canadian dairy herds have BCAs well above 200, which is twice the average production of 50 years ago. Every cow in a milk-recording program has a BCA. In 2012, the Holstein ‘Cow of the Year’ was Eastside Lewisdale Gold Missy, who had a BCA for milk of 318 (16,208kg of milk over 305 days)! Dairy farmers around the globe are supported by an impressive support industry that is using the information gathered on farms and the latest scientific information, mathematical models and technologies to develop better genetic selection indices, feeding programs, and herd health management tools. The feeding of each cow can be closely managed as a function of her production, lactation stage, breed, etc. The decisions around breeding (mating) of the cow take into account her ‘breeding value’, which is an index that is computed using sophisticated mathematical, genetic and statistical models. Health and nutritional problems are rapidly identified through the regular and systematic monitoring programs as well as through the comparison of actual production with the predictions from the models. The result of this close relationship between this support industry and farmers and the use of these tools is highly impressive: In the USA and Canada, at the beginning of the 20th Century, each dairy cow would produce about 2000kg milk yearly, at best.

At the end of the same Century, dairy cows were each producing about 8000kg of milk annually. And it is not over! Statistics are still showing steady yearly increases in milk production for the industry as a whole. These gains were largely achieved through genetic improvement, notably through wide use of artificial insemination. However, this all hinges on the systematic and standardised collection of information on thousands of dairy farms on a regular (monthly) basis and the analysis of this information using cuttingedge mathematical, genetic and statistical models.

What does this have to do with aquaculture? I quite recently asked a close friend (and scientific collaborator) if he remembered the annual milk production of the cows on the dairy farm he worked for a few months as an exchange student in Denmark back in the late 1980s. Amazingly, he did! I then proceeded to ask him how fast a Clarias catfish or a Nile tilapia (two species he worked with quite extensively) would grow. He could not answer! Of course, growth rate varies with the species, strains, the culture conditions, the water temperature, lifestages, season, photoperiod, ploidy (diploid vs. triploid), etc. However, how much handle do we truly have in understanding and predicting the effects of these different factors? How are we doing in terms of having proper models, yardsticks, benchmarks and tools to predict and manage production and compare the potential of different stocks or the productivity of different aquaculture operations? The only example of proper benchmark I know is for the Atlantic salmon industry were the use of the ‘thermal-unit growth coefficient’ (TGC model, also known as the GF3 model) is now very widely accepted. We know that a TGC of about 0.3 (GF3=3) is pretty standard for Atlantic salmon growing in sea cages and that some farms are achieving TGC of about 0.4 (or GF3 = 4). I have also met many aquaculturists rearing other fish and crustaceans species that have developed their own yardsticks

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to identify ‘good’ growth potential of their animals (in terms of average daily weight gain, number of days to market weight, etc). However, many of these stakeholders have their own system, rules of thumbs and language. The ‘culture of benchmarking’ has not made sufficient progress in our field. The best example of our shortcomings is the wide use of the specific growth rate (SGR), a growth model that doesn’t even properly represents the growth trajectory of most aquaculture species! Everybody is still using a useless model without questioning its value! How can we expect to make significant progress? I feel that as a whole the aquaculture industry could do a much better job defining the level of performance achieved on farms, adopting more robust and relevant mathematical models and making the yardsticks more systematic and better known. If the dairy industry is an example, very significant gain in productivity could be achieved over a relatively short period of time with the use of effective models, tools and yardsticks. Agree or Disagree? I am always happy to receive your feedback (and suggestions)! Contact me on: dbureau@uoguelph.ca See Dominique Bureau's previous columns, and have your say in the comments section on the Aquaculturists website. http://bit.ly/1pc1DWL

AQUACULTURE UPDATES Organic Canadian kelp available soon - Cooke Aquaculture announced it’s farmed kelp product from Bay of Fundy and certified to the Canadian Organic Aquaculture Standard will soon be available. Philippines failure in shrimp might give hope for future - The Philippines has failed to seize big market opportunities in shrimp with flat production since the 1990s at around 50,000 tonnes while Thailand and Indonesia are producing around 500,000 tonnes from about the same level as Philippines’ three decades ago.

GSSI 'Global Benchmark Tool

reminder - the GSSI Steer ing Board which approved the first draft of the GSSI 'Global Benchmark Tool' on June 16 is half-way through the consultation period that willl expire on August 16, 2014. Registered GSSI Stakeholders, are being called upon to comment. GSSI will conduct an extensive consultation and pilot testing process in order to ensure the

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The Aquaculturists A regular look inside the aquaculture industry Integrated tilapia farming in the desert The US company Hungry Mother Organics of Minden in Northern Nevada has integrated fish farming with plant production - all being carried out in the desert. The company set up a water reticulation system that supports both plants and fish, namely tilapia, which has at its centre a 'liquid worm' bio-reactor that produces nitrates from the ammonia in the spent water from the fish tanks that in turn is used to irrigate the plants before being filtered over gravel and returned to the fish tanks. Except for evaporation and plant uptake, this is an enclosed system reusing more than 90 percent of the water. http://bit.ly/1o5atHu

KinOmega & Seanamico get Friends of the Sea KinOmega Biopharm Inc is a R&D and technique based global manufacturer of highly concentrated and pharmaceutical grade purity Omega-3 EPA/DHA Fatty Acid products and sources its raw material only from Friend of the Sea approved origins: tuna trimmings; Peruvian and European anchovy fisheries. Established in 1983, Seanamico has two factories with. The major products are: black tiger shrimp, white and pink shrimp. Seanamico is located at the biggest center of raw material area of Vietnam - Namcan town, Camau province, Vietnam. The top priorities are about skilled and competent workers with many experience management. “We believe that Friend of the Sea is the best recognised aquaculture sustainability standard,” claims Mr Ngo Minh Hien of Seanamico. http://bit.ly/1wVtVH8

relevance, applicability and usability of its 'Global Benchmark Tool'. The initial draft has been released for a 60 day public consultation period. As par t of the consultation period GSSI will host a series of webinars and workshops: please visit online for an overview of the scheduled events and contact the GSSI Secretariat for more information on registration.

Turkish aquaculture 1,855 is the number of fish farms for common species 188,890 is the total production tonnage of all aquaculture production in 2011 89 is the total production tonnage per year of average mussel culture 72,967 is the total number of employees in the sector in 2008

FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department OECD (2012), “Turkey”, in OECD Review of Fisheries

NUMBER CRUNCHING

775,408 US$ is the total value of aquaculture in 2011

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Peruvian producer, said Norway's Food Safety Authority (NFSA), and samples from their meal also showed levels above the limit, although the levels in the feed was here again below the limit. The producers informed NFSA they have introduced extraordinary measures to avoid the use of products with high HCB levels. The reason for the HCB’s presence has not been established, but the feed producers are in contact with the fishmeal producer to find out the source. Fjetland said no higher levels of HCB has been found in finished products such as salmon fillets, “From what we know today, there is no reason to think this has any significance for food safety. Out of precaution, we will take samples from fish that have eaten the feed where this meal has been used.” Follow the links for more on HCB: http://bit.ly/IAF1404-2

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orway’s Food Safety Authority (NFSA) has found high levels of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in fishmeal from one Peruvian supplier, which is used by the feed producers Skretting, Ewos and Biomar for farmed fish in Norway. There is no reason to assume that the environmental pollutant has any impact on food safety, said NFSA. The authority said it is following up with fish feed producers to shed light on the situation and ensure that adequate measures are being taken, said Ole Fjetland, assistant supervisory director at NFSA. The high HCB levels were found in some of fishmeals used by Skretting, the fish feed arm of Nutreco. Although the meal is used for feed, analysis of the feed showed that the HCB levels were below the accepted limit. Feed producer s Ewos and Biomar also source from the same

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High levels of HCBs in fishmeal reported in Norway

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Aqua News

AwF agrees an action agenda for next six months Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF) Executive Committee met last weekend and is pleased with progress being made and has agreed on an action agenda for the rest of the year. Utilising its affiliation status with the World Aquaculture Society, the organisation has held sessions and meetings in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam (Dec 2013); Seattle, USA (Feb 2014) and Adelaide, Australia (June 2014) and has plans for Guadalajara, Mexico (Nov 2014), New Orleans (Feb 2015) and Jeju, Korea (May 2015). http://bit.ly/1r2gzXX

Chilean salmon farming industry used more than 450,000kgs of antibiotics in 2013 A report by the Chilean National Fishery and Aquaculture Service (Sernapesca) revealed that salmon farming companies in Chile used 450,700 kilos of antibiotics in 2013, the world’s highest amount for the industry. The marine conservation organisation, Oceana, called the Government to implement concrete strong reduction targets and deadlines for the use of these chemicals. http://bit.ly/1o5cTFW

What does fish have to do with food and nutrition security? As a food policy analyst I am as guilty as the next guy. It was not until a few years ago that I began to include fish in my food and nutrition security work, and it was not until I started interacting with the team who worked with the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security (HLPE), that I fully realised what I had been missing. http://bit.ly/1rybSsK

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 7

www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com

Adding value at Aquaculture Europe 2014

Alistair Lane, executive director, European Aquaculture Society

or more than two years now, the European Aquaculture Society (EAS) has been working with AZTITecnalia, a technological centre specialised in marine and food Research, to organise the Aquaculture Europe 2014 event. One indicator of success is the number of submitted abstracts of new science that will be presented during the event. AE2014 has received more than 750 abstracts to date, making it the most solicited EAS event ever! Final attendance is expected to be in excess of 1000 The cultural and gastronomic heritage of Donostia–San Sebastián fits well with the theme of Aquaculture Europe 2014 – Adding Value. AE2014 will be held from October 14-17, 2014 in the beautiful city of Donostia–San Sebastián in Spain. The city is in the north of the Basque Country and on the southern coast of the Bay of Biscay. Its beautiful coastline and town beaches make it one of Spain’s top beach resorts. It is also renowned for its Basque cuisine and gastronomy, with a high concentration of restaurants boasting Michelin stars and many bars in the old town with tasty snacks similar to tapas and called pintxos. In aquaculture, we can add value to our products, through processing, transformation and packaging. We can also add value during the production cycle, by management of its various components, so as to increase overall productivity. We can add value to research, by producing ‘knowledge products’ that can be used by others – for incremental knowledge advancement and for developing innovation or for supporting policy. We can add overall value in research management by harmonisation in programming; by better use of infrastructure and by nurturing our human resources. Finally, we can add value to societal, environmental and natural resources, by generating new ‘economic activity products’ based on environmental services, or diversifying existing ones. So the focus of the AE2014 theme is on ‘products’ rather than ‘production’, and the three thematic plenar y presentations will focus on this.

Renowned chef prepares

In the opening plenary session, the renowned chef from Donostia-San Sebastián Mikel Gallo will prepare some special dishes based on different aquaculture species, such as Smoked mussels with a bourbon and cheese cream, Fried baby flounder with a grilled garlic cream … and will be interspersed with interesting information related to the aquaculture of such species. On day two, Michael T. Morrissey, director of the Oregon State University Food Innovation Center will present ‘The Future of Fish Protein: Beyond Sustainability’ reviewing the current situation in fish protein availability for human consumption and its future role in meeting growing demand. This will be followed by a case study from Carlos Luna Castillo, Managing Director of Angulas Aguinaga that produce a range of ‘convenience’ products based mainly on surimi-based dishes, but also including prawns, salmon, octopus and mussels.

and feeds will feature very strongly here, with several sessions that have received a very significant number of abstracts for oral presentations and posters. AE2014 will also feature an international trade exhibition, organised by the European Aquaculture Society, where Spanish and international companies will present the latest products and services for aquaculture.

Special event

On October 16th, a special event is being prepared. Resulting from an initiative by two of the pioneers of European aquaculture, Bjorn Myrseth and Gustavo Larrazábal, and organised by EAS and EATiP, this special one-day event will address the production performance of the sea bass and sea bream sector by providing a forum for discussion of some of the impor tant technical challenges that underlie production performance. The principal performance indicators of Mediterranean aquaculture – mortality, growth and feed efficiency Donostia–San Sebastián have not significantly progressed in the sea bass and sea bream sector over the last decade. They may actually have got worse! This forum will bring together our scientific and production knowledge to help better explain and understand the issues that may contribute to this position, so as to facilitate cooperation and actions to solve them. The event targets industry leaders, production, hatchery, technical and Finally, on day three, Professor Anil health managers, feed manufacturers and Markandya, executive director of the Basque other suppliers, scientists and those that Climate Change Research Centre and one follow developments in the sector. As with all Aquaculture Europe events, of the core team that drafted the IPCC 4th Assessment that was awarded the Nobel there will be the EU Forum addressing Peace Prize in 2007, will look at the oppor- research funded by the European Community tunities and challenges of climate change sce- and chaired by members of the European narios on primary food production, with a Commission; and the EAS Student Group workshop to enable networking and exchange focus on European aquaculture. of ideas between young people just about to Parallel sessions add value through enter the sector. Plenty of activity then during a week in feeds October that will see participants from more Parallel sessions will allow delegates to present initiative that add value to aquacul- than 40 countries coming to the beautiful ture, with a wide range of sessions covering Basque country to meet old friends and make production, harvest, processing and commer- new ones. For more information visit www.easonline.org cialisation of aquaculture products. Nutrition 8 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

Aqua News

Huon launches US$3.5M ‘Feed Barge’ “Our new feed barges will be the best in the world without question” - Peter Bender, Huon Aquaculture’s managing director

oday, Huon Aquaculture of Tasmania, launched the “Huon” -the first of four state-of-the-ar t feed barges to be built by local steel fabrication company Haywards. The four feed barges come with a total price tag of US$14.5 million and will assist Huon to improve the way salmon are fed whilst also reducing the impact on the environment. “Our new feed barges will be the best in the world without question. They will be the best in terms of design, technology, safety and efficiency,” said Huon Aquaculture Managing Director, Peter Bender. The new barges will deliver

feed to the salmon more efficiently than anywhere else in the world. “Our new feed barges are already generating worldwide interest and we only launched our first one today. “I think that interest is testament to our approach to business improvement; we scour the world for the best available technology and then try to improve it right here in Tasmania. That’s how we developed our new fortress pens and these new feed barges,” he said. The company is also very committed to local sourcing. “Frances and I continue to live and work in the Huon Valley

Adifo strengthens its market position in Philippines Bro Nutrivet to distribute Bestmix® line of products in The Philippines

t the recent Pig Feed Quality Conference in Manila, The Philippines, Belgian’s Adifo software for feed and food processes, signed a distributor agreement for its software with Bro Nutrivet from Batangas. These products include Bestmix® least-cost feed formulation software, Bestmix® laboratory information management software and Bestmix ® cloud-

based ‘Formulation as a Service Tool’. Hans van der Waal, market development manager at Adifo, says, “Adifo has been very active in the Asian mar ket in the past decade. We believe that Bro Nutrivet will be a valuable par tner in distributing and servicing our world leading products in the Philippine market.” BRO Nutrivet is a Philippinebased veter inar y tr ading

AQUACULTURE UPDATES

includes a 1000 tonne fish farm, an in-house processing facility and production of value added products generated from capture and cultivation of by-products. “A long time dream has been realised here today. I am very proud of our team, our partners and our community for working together to make this dream a reality and take this critical step toward providing a solution to our coming food deficit.” said Norman McCowan, President & CEO of Bell Aquaculture LLC.

On July 1, Bell Aquaculture LLC held the grand opening event for the Bell Farms Aqua Feed mill located in central Indiana USA. Over 300 fish farmers, government officials and industr y exper ts attended the event held on site at Bell Farms in Albany, Indiana. This mill represents the last major step toward completion of a vertically integrated aquaculture farm that has long been in development by the team at Bell.This vertical integration

and we know just how important jobs are to regional areas. We want to do our bit to help other local businesses attract and retain skilled workers in regional areas like the Huon and Channel. “That’s why we try to recruit locally and source products, services and skills from local businesses like Haywards wherever possible. “To give you an example, 15 companies and 187 people spent a total of 22,000 hours to build this one feed barge. “There were at least 15 different trades and specialists that have worked on the barge and eight new jobs have been created at Haywards to build this and the remaining three barges.” It is not just the new jobs that are an important flow on benefit. The new barges mean Huon can retain existing staff. “We don’t want to lose the

knowledge and skills of our people just because they are getting older. “Barge-based feeding means we can retain the skills and knowledge of our feeders and provide them with a safe, warm work environment that still enables them to do their job.” Other benefits of the new barge include high tech feed systems that use cutting-edge technology to determine when the fish are hungry and when they are full, which means less waste and less impact on the environment. “To continue to grow responsibly and remain at the forefront of our industr y we must constantly improve. Right now we are poised to make substantial advances in our farming operations as we grow our business and this new feed barge is another example of how we are doing that,” said Mr Bender.

company engaged in marketing and selling both animal health and nutrition products including farm equipments to commercial farms and feedmills nationwide. The key member s of the company has been involved in the animal feed industry for more than two decades and have gained significant insight in the needs of this market. Bernard Taroc, sales manager at Bro Nutrivet says, “It is our aim to service the Philippine agribusiness sector with productivity and profitibality enhancing products. Having been granted the distribu-

torship for the Bestmix® feed formulation software products, we feel confident to meet the needs of our customers with advanced technologies and software that really make a difference.” Adifo develops and supplies specialised software and services for the food and feed industry. Since its foundation in 1974, Adifo has grown to become an international player with more than 80 employees. From its headquarters in Maldegem, Belgium, and through its global distribution network the company serves customers in more than 60 countries.

The European Commission has taken a fur ther step towards more effective and cost-efficient surveillance of European seas, in a move that should improve how the fishing industry is monitored. By bringing together surveillance data from civil and military authorities like coast guards, navies, traffic monitoring, environmental and pollution monitoring, fisheries and border control, duplication of work can be avoided and savings of up to €400 million per year can be made. Increased cooperation and sharing of data would help cope

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 9

more efficiently with real time events at sea such as accidents, pollution incidents, crime or security threats. CISE, the Common Information Sharing Environment, for the maritime domain, aims at making all the relevant actors come together and share data. CISE is one of the building blocks of the recently adopted European Maritime Security Strategy.

FEATURE

Tilapia farming in China by GE Xianping, MIAO Linghong, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, 214081, China

ilapia is one kind of small and medium-sized tropical fish, originating from the inland of Africa and the Middle East Atlantic coastal brackish water area, Israel and Jordan of west Asia.

On taxonomy, tilapia belongs to Cichlidae, Percoidei, Perciformes, Osteichthyes, while Tilapia can be classified as Sarotherodon, Oreochromis and Tilapia according to their way of incubation. Species of both Sarotherodon and Oreochromis are mouth brooders, while the species of tilapia are not mouth brooders. In Oreochromis species only females practice mouth brooding, while in Sarotherodon species both male and female are mouth brooders. There are more than 100 species including subspecies. Tilapia is advantaged on stronger adaptability, wider food habits, less diseases, faster reproduction and growth, higher yield, tender meat and no intramuscular bones. It has become one of the key aquaculture species extended to the world especially by FAO. The yield of tilapia has exceeded three million tonnes with wide distribution in more than 100 countries or regions. Tilapia has been considered as a dominant aquaculture species for exportation and foreign

currency earning by many developing countries. China is the largest country for tilapia farming in the world and the yield of tilapia has increased from 315,000 tonnes in 1995 to 1,552,700 tonnes in 2012, accounting for over 40 percent of that produced worldwide. Thanks to the suitable climate conditions, Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Fujian located in South China - are the main provinces for tilapia aquaculture. In these provinces, the related industries such as broodstocks and seeds, feeds, aquatic products processing and trade have been driven and got rapid development. The complete tilapia industry chain has been formed in these areas, which possesses competitive advantages in the world.

Four stage of development

Tilapia aquaculture history in China can be divided into four stages. From 1957 to 1978, Oreochromis mossambicus was cultured as dominant species. From 1978 to 1985, O. niloticus, O. mossambicus and tilapia (O. mossambicus♀×O. niloticus♂) were cultured as dominant species. This stage was a interim stage in which O. niloticus has gradually replaced O. mossambicus, and Tilapia (O. mossambicus♀×O. niloticus♂). From 1985 to 2000, O. niloticus farming

Figure 1: The production in main provinces of China in 2012 (10,000 tonnes)

10 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

has completely replaced the other two species and the hybrid O. niloticus♀×O. aureus♂ farming was initially started. Since 2000, a large number of new varieties were bred successfully through the introduction of selectively bred new varieties and high purified original and improved stocks with the application of modern breeding techniques.

Aquaculture varieties

In the 1960s, tilapia, the species of which were mainly O. mossambicus, O. niloticus, O. aureus, O. hornorum, O. amdersonii, Sarotherodon galilaeus, Tilapia zillii, Cichlasoma sp. and Red Tilapia (O. mossambicus×O. niloticus), tilapia (O. mossambicus♀×O. niloticus♂), were began to be introduced from southeast Asian countries, the United States and Egypt, etc. to China. In addition, among the introduced Nile tilapia, there are also the strains from Sudan, the Nile River downstream, the United States, GIFT and Egypt. At present, the farmed Tilapias in China mainly consists of hybrid O. niloticus♀×O. aureus♂, GIFT Strain Tilapia and Red Tilapia. In 1996, the hybrid tilapia (O. niloticus♀×O. aureus♂) was successfully bred by Freshwater Fisheries Research Center (FFRC) of Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences (CAFS), which was also called the all-male hybrid Tilapia with obvious heterosis and the male rate exceeding 90 percent. The all-male hybrid tilapia is characterised with good body shape and flesh texture, omnivore, fast growth, high fillet rate, delicious taste. The growth rate of this variety is 20 percent to 30 percent faster than others. For example, the body weight can reach to 500 grams after five-month farming period for the 5cm fingerlings, which shows the great economic benefits. This all-male hybrid tilapia is the most suit-

FEATURE able farming variety in China, covering more than 60 percent of the total farming area in China. The breakthrough has initiated the unisexual Tilapia aquaculture in China, solved the disadvantages of farming male and female Nile tilapias in the same pond and greatly promoted the rapid development of Tilapia industry. From then on, Tilapia aquaculture has stepped into the era of high-efficiency farming.

Farming modes and technologies

At present, Chinese tilapia farming has been developed rapidly, playing an important role in the freshwater aquaculture. In the past decade, the tilapia farming yield has consecutively ranked the first in the world with an average annual increment of 13.4 percent. Through decades of development, the Tilapia farming modes has been changed from extensive culture into the farming modes of pond monoculture and intensive culture oriented, coexistence with cage farming, running water farming and polyculture. The available land resources have been made full use of through ponds reconstruction (that is, deepening and expanding the ponds). Through application of polyculture technologies, the water resources have been fully utilised, the feed coefficient rate has been improved, the ecological efficiency could be exerted so as to regulate the water quality and the tilapia grows fast with few disease

occurrence and reduced pollution to farm water. The problem of balancing the grow-out has been partly solved product appearance in the market through the large-scale cultivation

In the 1980s, there was no feed specially produced for tilapia, so common fish feeds were used. However, the tilapia fomulated feeds had been developed since the end of the 20th

In future, China will put more priorities to enhancing the industry quality, strengthening the scientific research input, developing and promoting standardization production technology, producing non-pollution, green or organic tilapia products with high quality, and maintaining the healthy and sustainable development of the tilapia industry

of large-size fish combined with pond hierarchical culture mode, and twice harvesting one year or three times harvesting in two years culture mode. Besides, industrial aquaculture has also been developed, such as pond recirculating aquaculture and running water aquaculture. The tilapia feed industry has developed with the feed industry in China, with the characteristics of a late beginning, short history and rapid development.

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 11

Century. These feed enterprises were mainly distributed in Guangdong, Hainan, Guangxi and Fujian. The feed output of Guangdong province was largest, then was Hainan, Guangxi and Fujian. The tilapia farming area for feeding with complete formulated feeds accounts for about 85 percent in China. The special feeds for tilapias mainly consists of floating, expanded feeds and pellet feeds. Currently, the feed coefficient ratio is

FEATURE about 1.5 and 1.2 for pellet feeds and floating feeds, respectively. The floating feed industry has developed greatly in recent years with the higher level of feed efficiency.

Tilapia processing industry and exportation

Tilapia processing industry in China began from the end of 1990s. At present, there are more than 200 processing enterprises with more than 170 exportationoriented enterprises, and the annual processing capacity exceeds two million tonnes. The tilapia processing capacity has increased to 600,000 tonnes in 2012 from 40,000 tonnes in 2002, which increased by 15 times in a decade with the average annual growth rate of 136 percent. Since the year when China got access to the WTO in 2002, the exportation of tilapia processing products has rapidly developed. The export volume was increased by 8.97 times, from 36,300 tons in 2002 to 362,000 tons in 2012, with the average annual growth rate of 81.57 percent. The export value was increased by 22 times, from US$500 million in 2002 to US$1.163 billion in 2012, with the average annual growth rate of 201.8 percent. The main forms of tilapia processing products for exportation are frozen tilapia fillets, frozen tilapia, live tilapias, fresh cold tilapias, salted tilapias, prepared tilapia fillet with breads and other products.

Prospects

Figure 2: Tilapia species farmed in China

Figure 3: The breeding process of all-male hybrid Tilapia

Figure 4: Tilapia fillet processing workshop and the products

12 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

After over 20 years development, tilapia aquaculture technologies have become more and more advanced, which has already formed the complete industry including improved species breeding, quality fry production, grow-out farming (monoculture and polyculture), feed formulating and application, products processing. We can say that China is the country with most advanced technologies for tilapia aquaculture in the world. Due to the further expansion of the international market and rapid development of tilapia industry, there is great market demand and development potential for tilapia aquaculture. China, as the major tilapia producer in the world, is still possessing great development chance for the tilapia industry due to the advantages of farming conditions. In the future, China will put more priorities to enhancing the industry quality, strengthening the scientific research input, developing and promoting standardization production technology, producing non-pollution, green or organic tilapia products with high quality, and maintaining the healthy and sustainable development of the tilapia industry, so as to make contributions to the resource-saving and environment-friendly tilapia aquaculture development.

FEATURE

Ukrain ian Fis h Farm Oppor ing: tunitie s for g rowth OVER 40 PERCENT OF UKRAINIAN MEAT PROTEIN CONSUMPTION IS DERIVED FROM FISH

n June 27, 2014 Ukrainian president Petro Poroshenko signed an ‘Association Agreement’ with the European Union. Many Ukrainian’s are hopeful that the signing of this agreement will mark a change in the economic fortunes in a country where economic growth has lagged behind its neighbours in recent years. One sector hoping to benefit from such providence is the Ukrainian fishing and aquaculture sector. With a population of over 45 million people, infrastructure and distribution enhancements in recent years have made Ukraine an attractive consumer market. Across the country, the supermarket network has increased exponentially over the past 10 years. Supermarket retail sales have trebled in the past 10 years to over US$50 billion per annum. Food retail sales alone have increase by 160 percent in the past five years. Ukraine has a largely urban population.

The largest 25 cities have a combined population greater than 15 million people. Fifty percent of current retail sales occur in the five largest urban markets. Presently, over 40 percent of Ukrainian meat protein consumption is derived from fish. Ukrainians consume on average 14 kilograms of fish per capita per annum, double the consumption levels of the 1990s. This per capita consumption is expected to increase further to 20kg per capita by 2020. With a total market size exceeding 600,000 tonnes per annum, Ukraine has a significant trade deficit in fish. With an aging fleet and lack of investment, Ukraine’s domestic catch has declined from approximately 350,000 tonnes in 2000 to 200,000 tonnes today. At the same time demand for fish products have continued to grow, with fish imports exceeding 425,000 tonnes in 2012. Whereas the value of Ukrainian fish exports has never exceeded €20 million over the past 10 years, the value of imports

has continued to skyrocket. Fish imports exceeded €650 million in 2013.

Domestic opportunity

The value of Ukrainian fish imports has increased by 55 percent in the past five years. 70 percent of these imports consist of frozen products. However, an interesting trend has been the growth of fresh or chilled fish imports, the value of which have increased by close on 300 percent in the past five years.

Little sourced from aquaculture

Presently, only 13 percent of domestic fish production is sourced from aquaculture. Consequently, Ukraine has the opportunity to expand its fish farming activities to meet growing market demand. With this growing demand for fresh quality product, Ukrainian entrepreneurs have started to look at business opportunities for domestic aquaculture ventures. One such company, FishFarm Ukraine, is a Ukrainian start-up whose founders have an

Table 1: Exports from Ukrainian to neighouring countries Total Fish Imports ‘000

Fresh Whole Imports ‘000

Percent of Total Imports

CEE

€2,940

€1,063

36 percent

CIS

€3,254

€913

28 percent

Poland

€1,316

€649

49 percent

Russia

€2,154

€734

34 percent

Belarus

€317

€63

20 percent

Table 2: Imports of fish into Ukrainian in value Million €

2013

14 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

FEATURE establish track record within Ukrainian business circles. They told International Aquafeed, at the Future Fish Eurasia exhibition, that working with international partners who all spotted an opportunity in the industry and are looking for investment. The aim is to help restore Ukraine to be the ‘bread basket’ of Europe again. They are complimenting their local knowledge and experience with international technical fish expertise and food business knowhow. Founding partner Petro Berezhnyi explains, “Through our relationship with key Ukrainian food retailers we discovered that there is a shortfall within the Ukrainian market for fresh fish. “We see an opportunity in the market place to develop an aquaculture business in Ukraine that is focused on delivering quality, freshness, and superior customer service.” Ukraine has over 71,000 rivers and lakes. In particular Mr Berezhnyi sees the opportunities to locate such fish farms in the western half of the country where the topography, infrastructure and water quality is ideal for aquaculture growth. For decades Ukraine has had a renowned reputation as a leading agricultural producer and exporter. To put the country into a European

context, Ukraine has a greater landmass than France. Fifty-four percent of Ukrainian land is used for agriculture, ranking it third globally in this area. In fact, Ukraine’s agricultural arable land area is almost one-third of the existing agriculture land area of the entire European Union. FishFarm Ukraine also plans to take advantage of Ukraine’s prowess as a leading food producer. Advisory Board Member, Tom O’Callaghan says, “Ukrainian’s traditionally appreciate high quality food. “Yet, at the same time Ukraine needs to do more to promote itself across the world as a country with an abundance of natural resources that compliment superior food production. As we enter into the EU Association Agreement we anticipate both an overhaul and modernisation of Ukrainian food legislation, coupled with a greater awareness across Europe of the food production capability of Ukraine. “We strongly believe that these two factors will also help strengthen and grow our business.”

Regional Growth

Indeed, Ukraine’s position as one of the 10 designated Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries and traditional relationships with neighbouring former Soviet Union,

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries facilitate the potential for greater regional growth. Neighbours Poland, Russia and Belarus imported over €1.4 billion in fresh fish in 2013. Regional demands for fish products with continue to outstrip supply for the foreseeable future. This adds to the attractiveness of aquaculture development across Ukraine. As illustrated in the table above, CEE & CIS countries account for about 8 percent of global fish imports. However, the signing of the EU Association Agreement will bring added possibilities for Ukrainian food businesses to develop business within the world’s largest import market for fish. Mr. Berezhnyi concluded, “Our existing business model is initially focused on fulfilling the untapped demands of the local Ukrainian market. Nevertheless, looking into the horizon, we foresee teaming up with international partners to exploit wider export opportunities across Europe”. Their plan is formulated to start with farming trout due to its adaptability on land, the high quality of the product and because it is a good value for money alternative to salmon. A leaving hint from Mr. Berezhnyi at moving to farm additional species such as crayfish, and cheap sorts of fish like carp in the future could be an exciting development for this fish farm.

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July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 15

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FEATURE

El Niño plan ahead and manage the risk by Daniel Fairweather, Willis – Email: dan.fairweather@willis.com WILLIS’ DIVISION HUGHES-GIBB IS THE CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE FOR BLOODSTOCK, LIVESTOCK, AQUACULTURE, CROP AND FORESTRY INSURANCE. THE DIVISION WAS FOUNDED IN 1959 AS THE FIRST BROKER IN LONDON EXCLUSIVELY DEDICATED TO BLOODSTOCK RISKS. IN RECENT YEARS IT HAS EXPANDED TO OFFER A FULL SERVICE ACROSS OTHER SECTORS, INCLUDING LIVESTOCK, AQUACULTURE, CROP AND FORESTRY INSURANCE. “WE ARE THE ONLY TRULY GLOBAL INSURANCE BROKING DIVISION TO ENCOMPASS ALL OF THE ABOVE AREAS OF SPECIALISATION. “THROUGH WILLIS OFFICES AROUND THE WORLD, WE CAN PROVIDE QUOTES AND COVERAGE FOR THE WHOLE SPECTRUM OF INSURANCE PRODUCTS IN THE BLOODSTOCK, LIVESTOCK, AQUACULTURE, CROP AND FORESTRY SECTORS NO MATTER WHERE OR THE RISK IS LOCATED,” SAYS THE COMPANY.

he El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climate event, where the adverse warming of sea surface temperatures in the Pacific Ocean leads to extreme weather conditions affecting weather systems and countries globally. Climatic impact varies from extreme rainfall and flooding in some areas, to extreme droughts and high temperature in others. From a food and feed perspective these changes can have devastating effects on industry, with farmers, fishermen and local industry and finance having to contend with extreme weather events leading to crop failure, rapid soil erosion, damage to industry and suboptimal conditions leading to outbreaks of disease. In the last severe El Niño in 1998, rainfall in Peru reached 40 times the average. El Niño events occur roughly once every five to seven years and although they are relatively short in duration they can have far reaching and long lasting impacts on industries involved in animal and crop production. The chances of an El Niño event occurring this summer (2014) are currently estimated at 70 percent. What affect does this have on industry?

Fisheries

A clear impact of El Niño events can be seen in Peru and the impact on the Peruvian

anchovy fisheries sector, producing the bulk of the world’s fishmeal. El Niño reduces anchovy spawning and leads to a change in migration patterns, typically causing huge disruption in the fisheries sector. In each year where El Niño occurred (1972, 1982 and 1997) huge reductions in anchovy catches resulted, and near collapse of the industry was experienced. As well as water temperatures affecting the migration and spawning of the Peruvian anchovy population, many Peruvian fishermen are at the mercy of the weather. These conditions often cause huge disruption to the fishing effort, increasing the costs of fishing and the ultimately the ability of the fishermen to repay loans. With the increased costs of catching, coupled with reduced catches, the result is huge increases in fishmeal prices.

Terrestrial farmers

With the development of more and more plant based feeds for aquaculture, the effects of El Niño put pressure on some of the key grain and soy producing regions of the world. With ever increasing competition for land to supply feed for humans, biofuels and fodder crops any disruption to supply can have marked effects on raw material pricing. The 1997-98 El Niño severely affected the Southeast Asia and Oceania regions, leading to wide scale crops failures and huge increases in food prices which, in turn, resulted in sustained hardship for many across the region. Grain production in eastern Australia and the Philippines reduced dramatically, and the same is anticipated during the next El Niño event.

Feed manufacturers

Modern aquaculture feeds are increasingly dependent on ingredients coming from a number of suppliers, usually globally sourced, and typically using both terrestrial (grains or soybean) and marine (fishmeal) suppliers. Consequently, aquaculture feed producers 16 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

are affected by most of the major effects of El Niño events. Increased raw material prices might be offset by passing these costs on to feed buyers, but by how much and for how long?

Fish farmers

Fish farmers, as the end user in terms of aquaculture feeds, bear the brunt of increase in raw material price rises. Unless they have managed to secure long term contracts with feed suppliers, or avoided fixed price supply deals with fish markets, they are heavily exposed to feed price fluctuations. Feed prices make up a significant portion of the costs of fish production, and will erode profit margins unless prices are passed on to the consumer. This can sometimes be difficult to do when competing against wild fish supplies or substitute proteins. If alternative feeds are available, then these might be a short term option, however, this tactic may result in sub-optimal nutrition leading to reduced growth rates and ultimately an inferior product. What measures can be taken to mitigate against the effects of El Niño?

Identify risks

In all cases, irrespective of position within the supply chain, companies should take a proactive approach to risk management. Risks should be identified, assessed and monitored. Once the impact of these risks is analysed, strategies for reducing or managing these risks can be developed. Management steps can be as simple as substituting feed, to hedging the effects of El Niño events by purchasing specialist insurance. What is crucial in all cases is to plan ahead. Many of the effects of El Niño will be felt throughout the market and will be affecting many stakeholders at the same time, so impacts will be significant throughout supply chains. Unless companies plan ahead they will have no option but to react as events unfold,

FEATURE in what will be a very dynamic environment. Decisions will have to be made under stress, and may result in less than optimal outcomes. Some risks are completely out of the control of companies, but many are not, and those that can be controlled can either be managed through good business practice, or potentially transferred to the capital or insurance markets.

Meteorological modelling

Advances in meteorological modelling and climatic monitoring have enabled the development of risk models to predict complex climatic events with ever greater accuracy. As these models have evolved, so have the options for dealing with the extreme events they signal. By using financial hedging and insurance products, the effects of climate shocks can be alleviated (from a financial perspective).

How can El Niño insurance help?

This product is highly innovative in a number of ways: • It provides protection against the foreseeable increased cost of dealing with one of World’s most intractable natural hazards • Uniquely, it enables buyers to obtain protection and receive payouts prior to the El Niño event occurring. This allows opportunities for risk manage-

ment and loss prevention ahead of the event • The basis of its operation is entirely formulaic and objective, supported by a reliable and recognized third party thereby reducing moral hazard and the potential for adverse selection • Claims payments are swift, avoiding lengthy, often contentious loss adjustment

How does it work?

Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is measured (daily) at specified ocean locations in the equatorial Pacific and recorded by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The primary indicator of an impending El Niño event in Peru, for example, is the SST as measured in the specified ocean location referred to as ‘ENSO 1.2’ during November and December. This index based insurance solution responds if the average SST during November and December as measured at ENSO 1.2 exceeds an agreed temperature threshold. If the trigger is breached, the agreed payout will be made. The insured does not have to prove that there has been any individual loss or damage; the breaching of the threshold is sufficient to trigger the payment.

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 17

Benefits of El Niño insurance

There are a number of specific benefits to particular industries, but broadly speaking the main advantages for all policyholders are the following: • Transparency - What you see, is what you get – this inspires trust in the buyer – so long as they understand the basis risk • No on-site adjustments - Payments are only made according to the index, which avoids costly loss adjustment requiring considerable expertise. • Lack of adverse selection / moral hazard - It doesn’t matter who buys the protection; the pay-out will be unaffected. If the business manages their risk badly they will not get paid more (or less) than the Index determines • Addresses correlated risks - Severe events, such as drought, can be well addressed by index-based products but they can be a challenge for conventional insurance • Low operational and transaction costs - As no individual underwriting is required, the cost of policy distribution, administration and claims handling can be minimised • Rapid payout - No further adjustment is required once the final level of the Index has been determined

FEATURE

NEW TRIALS CONFIRM STRONG RESULTS WITH

PROBIOTICS by BioMar

ioMar is at the moment introducing probiotics in still more diets around the world. The background is new strong research results from both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.

In new trial results from Chile the company can achieve a 40 percent reduction of the occurrence of deformities in fry as well as improved growth and gut health for trout fed with its probiotic strain Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM MA 18/5M (Bactocell®). Simultaneously, results from trials done in the United Kingdom indicate a positive effect of probiotics on the immune response in midsized salmon. And in France trials with a new Larviva Pro diet suggest a new era in larval rearing methods can be close.

Improved growth and less deformities in Chile

“Our European colleagues in BioMar and partners in Lallemand SAS have presented a very strong documentation for the benefits of the addition of the unique probiotic strain Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM MA 18/5M (Bactocell®) to feeds for many different fish species. Therefore, here in Chile we are proceeding with the use of Bactocell® in our commercial diets,” says Andrés Millan, sales director of BioMar Chile, is pleased with the first trial results obtained in Chile, where

Above: The square cages of the BioMar’s marine trial facility where the large probiotics trials on salmonids are carried out are neighbouring the circular net pens of the commercial Musholm fish farm.

probiotics were introduced in BioMar diets recently. The field trials done in Chile with rainbow trout fry both support the existing theory and bring new knowledge. The trials were conducted in collaboration between BioMar and Aquachile, a major producer of salmon, coho and trout at the facilities of Aquachile in Quetroleufu, Chile. Andrés Millan explains that the results first of all showed a reduction in the occurrence of deformities by 40 percent “Deformities are both associated with mortalities among the fry and lost income on the final product. The fish might survive with minor deformities, but the final fillet will be of a lower visual quality. “The trials also showed an improvement in growth performance with a larger share of the fry reaching the highest size category at the end of the trial after 140 days,” he added.

Significant changes in the intestine

While the reduction in deformities and the improved growth was expected in the Chilean trial, some new knowledge was obtained when researchers took a closer look at the gut histology. They discovered a significant improvement in the condition of the posterior part of the gut The distal part of the intestine of fish fed 18 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

feed with added probiotics was significantly thicker than the same section from fish from the control group, says Andrés Millan. He explains that the thickening of the intestine was the result of an increased length of the microvilli in the intestine. “This is obviously a very interesting result, because longer microvilli means improved nutrient absorption and that again contributes to a better feed conversion and growth.” The histology also revealed that there were no signs of inflammation in the intestine of the fish fed with probiotics. Andrés Millan believes that this is linked to the improved micro-flora in the intestine of fish having received feed with probiotics. But he also acknowledges, that far more research has to be done regards to the benefits of probiotics in fish. Probiotics have for long been a “must” in all husbandry production, and several probiotics have also been marketed for fish in Latin America and Asia, but according to Andrés Millan, this has far too often been done with very limited and partial documentation. “The effect of probiotics is temperature dependent, so an indiscriminate transfer of probiotics which do work at 37 deg C in land animals to fish living at 8-14 deg C does not make sense – you must carefully select and document the specific strains which work in fish at low temperatures.”

FEATURE

Indications of a better immune response

BioMar and the Canadian company Lallemand, who produces Bactocell®, agreed last year on a longterm research collaboration related to among other projects the benefits of probiotics. Some of the first research results from this partnership, which in this case also includes both the University of Plymouth in the United Kingdom and the University of Santiago de Chile, indicate a significant and consistent up-regulation of genes involved in regulating the immune system in salmon between 250g and 500g fed feed with Bactocell. This summer BioMar is carrying out a full season trial at the Musholm marine trial facility in Denmark, which will most likely be the largest single trial done with probiotics in salmonids. Jørgen Holm, research and development manager in BioMar Continental Europe, expects that the trial will add important knowledge to the growing documentation on the effects of this specific probiotic strain. “We are looking for both specific changes in the gut and more general health effects. “Depending on the disease pressure in the trial farm, we hope to see a significant difference, when we look at almost a full growth season in the sea.” He bases his expectation on the recent research results from the UK and earlier results from Norway on for example IPN, combined with the fact that Danish sea farms are often hit

by disease in the late summer, when temperatures peak. But Jørgen Holm also underlines that large scale trials under commercial farm conditions by nature are difficult to carry out. “In Denmark we can risk a cold summer with reduced disease pressure, and then there might not be any visible differences.” However, this large scale trial also includes the utilization of diets with very different raw material compositions, and Jørgen Holm believes this can also result in interesting news. “In Chile we saw significant positive changes in the gut structure, and we have plenty of documentation on an improved micro-flora in the intestine, when Bactocell® is added to the feed. “In the Danish trial we will also study the ability of the lactic acid probiotic bacteria to ease the digestion process, and we will look deep into eventual long term changes in the gut health and morphology with and without Bactocell and with different raw material combinations.

A new revolution in France

In France, where BioMar recently opened a new production facility for the Larviva hatchery feed range, one of the major hatcheries for Mediterranean fish species has had tremendous success with the Larviva ProStart range, which is the first hatchery feed to include Bactocell®. Michel Autin, technical manager at BioMar West Med, tells that by using the Larviva ProStart

the French hatchery has managed to get the rate of deformities below one percent and at the same time it managed to improve both growth and survival. “For people who are acquainted with the hatchery production for sea bass and sea bream Technical Manager Michel this is a revolution. Autin and Production & Logistics Manager Cécile Ordinary feed products Soulé in in the new and protocols result in LARVIVA production facility deformity rates of typiat the BioMar factory in cally 15 - 30 percent, France, examining the and millions of Euro are quality of semi finished LARVIVA Pro products spent on hand sorting the total fry production not once but often twice, to get rid of the deform fry. With the new French results the hatchery believes hand sorting is no longer needed and can take a significant cost saving. Bactocell® was approved in 2009 by the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA. It is still today the only probiotic bacteria strain which is approved for use in fish feed in the European Union, based on a documented effect in reducing deformities and improving survival. BioMar has an exclusive agreement with Lallemand SAS for the use of Bactocell® in fish feed worldwide..

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www.clextral.com July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 19

Biorigin Bringing health solutions from the Brazilian sugar fields to global salmon industry through biotechnology

AQUACULTURE

by Odd Elvebo, Technical Sales Manager – Aquaculture, Norway

INDUSTRY PROFILE

rom time-to-time, IAF publishes company profiles to provide background to readers on some of the nutritional and fish farming equipment being supplied to the industry. Information is submitted by the company but edited by IAF to fit and overall objectives of the magazine. In this issue we invite Biorigin, producer of the world’s most famous Glucan Immune Modulator, to outline their company’s activities and objectives in aquaculture.

armed animals – including fish - are presented daily with stress factors such as high stock density, environmental changes, handling and pathogenic challenges. These stress agents have consequences for animals’ performance, immune system, overall health status and growth. Biorigin provides a wide range of natural and environmentally friendly specialised feed materials that enhance immune systems, act as prebiotic, agglutinate bacteria and mycotoxines, add nutrients and enhance flavours of diets. An improved health status leads to other benefits such as better protection against pathogens and parasites, improved nutrient uptake, better growth and survival. Biorigin’s brand MacroGard® has been used worldwide for more than 20 years in feed for aquaculture of fish and shellfish as well as swine, poultry, cattle and companion animals.

MacroGard® and Immune modulation through Beta-Glucan Action

MacroGard® is a purified form of beta1,3/1,6-glucan, a cell wall component of bakers’ yeast. Beta-glucans are natural and harmless, yet as they are biologically foreign to animals, they initiate an immune response upon consumption. More specifically, they heighten the activity of the white blood cells of the innate branch of the immune system. This strengthens the immune system against pathogenic infections; enabling quicker and more efficient clearing and better evasion of subsequent infections. The innate immune system is ancient and has been highly conserved throughout evolution. This explains how the effects of products such as MacroGard® can be seen throughout the animal kingdom.

Research goes on MacroGard®

has been and is still being studied in the field and the laboratory and its wide-ranging effects are well documented. Biorigin is not involved just in the aquaculture of Atlantic salmon but also in other marine and fresh water species, carrying out research and collaborating with other institutions in order to investigate the applicability of MacroGard® on fish production. It invests in significant R&D and uses a significant portion in the aquaculture sector, together with collaborating institutions and feed producers. The aqua-feed industry has pioneered the development of products that enhance the ability of farm animals to resist infections and disease and of speciality feeds that are designed to reduce production losses during critical phases of the animals’ life cycle. Within the animal feed industry, there is an increasing emphasis on enabling animals to improve their own ability to resist infections, rather than relying on pharmaceuticals. The development of this new way of thinking and implementation; made somewhat easier because of the known chemical nature of this product and well-described mode of action, not only in fish, but from the simplest of invertebrates to humans. Several global feed companies within the aquaculture industry have implemented this more natural concept in their diets. Basic research on beta-1,3/1,6-glucans is, today, deeply rooted in modern medical science, whilst their practical use, and those of other immune-stimulating substances, dates back to ancient medicine.

Background

Biorigin is a Brazilian company which has developed knowledge and technology to produce a wide range of yeast-based products for

both the food and feed industry. Biorigin produces natural ingredients as immune modulators, prebiotics and nutritional products for feed as well as additives for flavour enhancement, sodium reduction, shelflife extension in the food market. Biorigin is a business unit of Zilor, a company with more than 65 years of experience and one of the largest Brazilian producers of ethanol, sugar and electricity from sugar cane. Biorigin was created in 2003, with a structure completely dedicated to the development of innovative solutions based on yeasts and yeast derivatives. The company invests approximately eight percent of its annual revenues in technology, innovation and R&D projects. In 2008 it acquired the companies PTX Food Corp in the US and Immunocorp Animal Health in Norway; expanding and strengthening its international presence. Immunocorp Animal Health was the pioneer in the area of glucan mediated immune modulation. MacroGard® is now part of Biorigin’s portfolio, serving the needs of aqua, livestock and petfood markets.

Investments for the future

As a consequence of increasing product demand, Biorigin will expand its unit located in Quatá, Brazil. The aim is to double production capacity of yeast extracts, thereby increasing the production capacity of yeast cell wall products beta 1,3/1,6 glucans, MOS (ActiveMOS), as well as other products like organic selenium yeast (Selemax), autolysed yeasts (HiCell) and new products that are close to launch as the new generation of MacroGard. With investments of around U$120 million, the expansion plan includes the fermentation, pure culture, autolysis and drying sectors, with production increases expected by the end of 2014.

Aquaculture

Livestock

Companion animal

Increase resistant against pathogens and parasites Increased wound healing capacity Adjuvant effect after vaccination Reduced stress Increased immune responds

Good effect in starter diets for calves and piglets Good effect during gestating and lactating phases Improving transition diets

Documented effect against dermatitis in dogs Documented effect against osteoarthritis in dogs Gingivitis in cats Special diets e.g. puppy and immune diets

Results are according to experimental trials 20 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

Mycofix

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Myco

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More protective. Mycotoxins decrease performance and interfere with the health status of your animals.

Mycofix is the solution for mycotoxin risk management. 速

mycofix.biomin.net Naturally ahead

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 21

ALFRA Dosing & Weighing Technology

RA TION>

<INTE

WEIGHING

What does the future hold for dosing and weighing?

SYNERGY

SOFTWARE <S

The synergy between the weigher, the dosing equipment and the control software is the area where the most progress will be made in the near future. ALFRA provides solutions that optimize the interaction between all three.

DOSING

F-LEARNIN

The operational demands on the total production process, and with that also dosing and weighing, will only get tougher in the coming years. Producers are looking for more speed, higher accuracy and a larger number of ingredients per product, also through the growing amount of ingredients in a recipe. At the same time, production is under constant pressure to produce more at a lower cost with improved quality. Experts in dense phase pneumatic conveyance However, two of the areas where producers can increase productivity that is the speed and accuracy of dosing and weighing – tend to work against each other. More accuracy costs more time, and conversely, higher speed is usually at the cost of accuracy. So how to tackle this potential paradox? We believe that the best solution is to create synergy between the three critical system elements: the weigher, the dosing equipment and the control software. It is the combination of these three elements and how they interact and work with each other that will take the technology forward in the coming years. ALFRA dosing and weighing equipment is already at the forefront of the technology in that it can achieve very accurate results from a few grams to several tons, while the ALFRA dosing slides are among the best in the industry.

Self-learning software To ensure that they work as efficiently and as effectively as possible, the ‘self-learning’ ALFRA dose&weigh software is created that becomes smarter as you use it. The software builds up an extensive database on external influences on dosing characteristics (such as seasonal variations in natural grain products), as well as process variables like recipes, safety margins, silo levels and tolerances. In this way, it reduces your dependency on the know-how or skills of specific people, and ensures that your feed is made with a consistent quality. So while there is unlikely to be another major ‘revolutions’ like ALFRA’s moveable weigher in the coming years, we are making real progress by optimizing the synergy between the dosing equipment, the weigher and the control software. And it is here that ALFRA, with its 80 years’ experience with designing and producing dosing and weighing system and software, has a unique capability in being able to offer a complete solution. Meet the challenges of the future If you need to find out more about how ALFRA can help you meet the challenges of the future, contact KSE at the address below or go to www.alfra.nl.

ALFRA is a KSE Process Technology product.

ALFRA Dosing & Weighing Technology

ALFRA Dosing Slide and Controller lead in dosing speed and accuracy The AFLRA Dosing Slide is suitable for dosing a wide range of powders and granulates, including pet foods and aqua feed as well as raw materials for animal feed production.

The ALFRA Dosing Slide is widely recognised as the industry benchmark for dosing powders and granulates. Available in a range of sizes and geometries, it provides very accurate dosing ranging from a few grams to 600 tons per hour! The recently introduced ALFRA Dosing Slide Controller further simplifies the operation of the slide by providing a user-friendly graphical interface. A range of sizes and geometries In addition to a range of sizes (from 400 cm2 to 1.6 m2), the Dosing Slide is also available with various geometries, each with specific flow and accuracy characteristics. The linear configuration (all slots open in unison) offers the fastest flow rate. The progressive configuration (the slots open in phased steps) facilitates higher dosing accuracy but at a slightly lower flow rate. The quadratic and progressive quadratic configurations (with a unique V-form moving slide) deliver extremely high dosing accuracy. Gentle dosing Thanks to few moving parts and an innovative construction with a fixed lower grid and moving upper grid, the ALFRA Dosing Slide provides gentle dosing. This construction virtually eliminates pellet damage, making it ideal for outloading of finished products including fragile materials like aqua feed. There are no flow dead regions, the risk of bridging in the silos is

reduced and the maintenance requirements are low. An operational life of more than 20 years is possible. Dedicated Dosing Slide Controller Specially designed for the ALFRA Dosing Slide (with magnetic carriers), the ALFRA Dosing Slide Controller provides a Microsoft Windows graphical user interface for controlling and monitoring the dosing frame (opening and stroke), and discharging the weighing hopper including knocker control. It is also suitable for controlling other equipment like dosing screws with 2-speed motors. The graphical process overview features a detail screen with technical and calibration data, enables manual control of dosing and discharging and includes a service level log-in. It offers a remote desktop via a network, and a touch-screen panel is available as an option. External commands can be executed via an easily accessible I/O interface. The Controller is upgradable to the advanced ALFRA dose&weigh software and can be integrated into PROMASST. If you want to know more about the ALFRA Dosing Slide and Controller, contact KSE at the address below or go to www.alfra.nl.

ALFRA is a KSE Process Technology product.

ALFRA Dosing & Weighing Technology

A complete range of dosing and weig 80 years of experience

Grinding

Mixing

4 Micro, small and medium dosing

Macro dosing

More than 80 yearsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; experience has led to a complete range of machines for the animal feed industry. The state-of-the-art machines are extremely robust and unequalled in terms of speed and accuracy. The ALFRA range of systems for dosing and weighing in industrial processes include: 1 2 3

Duplex flow weigher, weighing capacity up to 600 tons per hour Oblong weigher with quick discharge slide and underhopper, weighing capacity up to 6.000 kg Macro component dosing system, weighing capacity up to 2.000 kg

4 5 6 7 8 9

Oblong weigher with discharge conveyor, weighing capacity up to 6.000 kg Medium component dosing system, weighing capacity up to 1.000 kg Small component dosing system, weighing capacity up to 100 kg Micro component dosing system, weighing capacity up to 30 kg or 5 kg / 100 kg Container component dosing system, weighing capacity up to 5 kg / 150 kg Hand intake for filling containers and dosingtainers

ghing systems through more than

Extruding Drying

Coating Cooling 12

From the intake to outloading in bulk, big bags or bags, there are ALFRA dosing and weighing systems for all capacities and accuracies.

Finished product in bags or big-bags

10 11 12 13

Bulk outloading in container, truck or ship

Pneumatic transport system, transport capacity more than 100 tons per hour Automatic container transport, transport capacity up to 150 tons per hour Movable weighing mixer, weighing capacity up to 5.000 kg Certified movable bulk weigher for gentle finished product handling, weighing capacity up to 10.000 kg.

If you need to find out more about how ALFRA Dosing & Weighing Technology can help optimize your dosing performance, reduce operator actions, and cut down on overdosing, contact KSE at the address below or go to www.alfra.nl.

ALFRA is a KSE Process Technology product.

PHOTOSHOOT / PHOTOCOMP THE WAS / INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED 2014 PHOTO COMPETITION

From some 90 digital images submitted to the WAS Adelaide/International Aquafeed 2014 Photo Competition over the past few months, we now publish the winners of the two sections: The Open and The Student Categories. In the words of the three-person judging panel, which covered Australia to Norway, it was "not an easy task – but some of the pictures illustrate aquaculture in a great way!" The winning photographs in each category were printed, framed and showcased at the WAS Adelaide 2014 conference and auctioned off in a Silent Auction to raise funds for charity. Images will appear in International Aquafeed magazine with appropriate photographer acknowledgement. 1. A sponge farm near Nusatupe Island in the Solomon islands - Sponges are collected, cut and grown at an adequate depth - Photographer: Dr Frederique Olivier 2. Oyster farm diver, Bolinao, PI - Photographer: Peter Duncan 3. Shrimp Roaming - Photographer: Mati Nitibhon 4. Alligator gar - This picture was taken underwater with feed trained alligator gar, Louisiana, USA. This ancient fish is part of our restoration aquaculture research and is an important recreational and foodfish within the US and Mexico. Photographer: Christopher C. Green, Ph. D 5. Anthony our Spotfin Lionfish - Photographer: Jayden Harris-Walker 6. Oysters in nature environment - Photographer: Magali Soufflet 7. Salmon harvest - Photographer: Stephen Willoughby 8. Co-products during final harvesting - Boy is happy after getting access in the shrimp ponds to catch farm co-products during final harvesting at Arpangasia, Shymnagar, Satkhira, Bangladesh - Photographer: Abdullah-Al Mamun

9. Seabass larvae - Photographer: Bernd Ueberschar 10. Australian Prawn ponds - Australian Prawn showing ponds amongst a clean environment to create, nuture and grow healthy, tasty and safe prawns - Photographer: Ian Nielsen 11 Elvers of Anguilla marmorata after feeding time (“say cheese!”) - Photographer: Iman sudrajat

1. ©Dr Frederique Olivier

12. American alligator - One of our American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) that are currently being used for an alligator diet study - Photographer: Chelsea Bonner 13. Shrimp farm technicians - Photographer: Mati Nitibhon 14. Oyster farming in coffin bay - Photographer: Nicolas Checa 15. Collecting the trash in net cages - This is one of daily activity because of so many trash in the surrounding environment that can become a problem during the culture period - Photographer: Romi Novriadi 16. Guide to harvesting SBT - Divers catch tuna by hand and guide them to a conveyor for harvest. - Photographer: Claire Webber 4. ©Christopher C. Green, Ph. D

7. ©Stephen Willoughby

12. ©Chelsea Bonner

8. ©Abdullah-Al Mamun

13. ©Mati Nitibhon

26 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

9. ©Bernd Ueberschar

14. ©Nicolas Checa

FISH FARMING

TECHNOLOGY SUPPLEMENT

Stock protection Biomass control Technology round up

SUPPLEMENT

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Stock protection: pushing the boundaries

ver the last three years Hvalpsund has been involved in developing a revolutionary new stock protection system for Huon Aquaculture in Tasmania, Australia. Huon is a vertically integrated company, farming, processing and selling premium quality Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout products to domestic and international markets. As the only 100 percent Australian-owned salmon farming business in Australia, Huon employs over 480 staff and will produce around 15,000T of salmon and trout this year Huon owners, Peter and Frances Bender approached the Danish net manufacturer at Aquanor back in 2011, as they wanted to find partners to develop a new system to keep out seals and birds. Seals, in particular, prove a real headache in Tasmania, costing the company in the region of Aus$12-18 million per year. These costs come from direct losses caused by seals getting into the pen and killing the fish, as well as the impact of stress induced in the salmon by the seal attacks. Moreover, the risk of attacks means that the company needs to have dedicated teams of staff patrolling the marine farm leases day and night in an attempt to keep seals away from the pens and off the collars, as well as employing extra personnel to release any seals that get into the pens. Not only is killing seals strictly forbidden in

Australia, but any death of a seal would also be very negatively perceived by the public. As a result, the company recognised that huge savings could be achieved by developing a better way to fence off the seals from attacking fish and to improve safety for personnel working on the farms. They had tried various net materials in the past, but with poor effect and now they wanted to go into a completely new direction that would improve safety for both fish and personnel. Hvalpsund suggested a trial using the ultrastrong and light Dyneema® fibre for the nets – a material they have plenty of experience of working with. Some of the early tests showed that it was not enough just to spec up the twine size, however – finding the right combination of twine size and strength and combining both knotted and raschel knotless materials eventually proved to be the key. As no other salmon farm in the world had ever required nets with such high strength, the project was truly revolutionary. By trialing different kinds of nets and pens Hvalpsund worked with Huon to determine the best system to keep seals and birds away from the fish and feed.

Key to the design

The key to the design is the use of an extra-wide, triple-collar stanchion that has specialised outer sockets to accommodate a

seal fence post and bird net pole. The seal fence post allows an outer seal fence net surrounding the entire pen to rise 2.8 metres above the surface of the water. The idea of the extra wide pen is to maintain a good degree of separation between the outer seal fence and the inner containment net. The outer seal fence net is made using 125mm black knotted Dyneema® with a breaking strength of over 1200kg. It is also fitted with strong Dyneema® vertical ropes from which the sinker ring is suspended – by hanging the heavy sinker rings directly from the seal net it is kept as tight as possible all the time, which makes it more difficult for the seals to push the net or bite it. The inner containment net is made with light yet strong Dyneema® which ensures good water flow through the pen and reduces fouling. As the outer seal net is permanently in place, the pen is kept as a safe work environment where daily operations or net changes can be done without the risk of seals attacking stock or personnel. The wide clearance between the outer seal net and inner containment net means that the nets can be cleaned using in situ net washers. The system also includes an ultra-light bird net that is suspended high above the surface by light, flexible poles. The specially-designed, injection-moulded HDPE stanchions can be fitted with walkway plates either between the inner collars or both collars. This design provides a safe working space for doing daily operations on the pens, even in bad weather. The advantage of using a pen made with only HDPE is that it requires far less maintenance than pens with steel components. Huon is also now investigating the potential for the pen stanchions to be constructed with injection-moulded nylon which, if successful, will make the stanchion even stronger. The original trial has proved to be so successful that Huon has now decided to replace all their existing pens with the new system. However, the real benefit will not come into play until all the pens at the site are replaced – as long as some of the pens with the old design are still in use the seals will target these. Hvalpsund Net is a family-owned and -run company based in Denmark with 20 employees in the headquarter, warehouse in Hvalpusnd. The company has its own production in Poland with 80 workers – mainly assembling aquaculture nets. Main export areas are Faroe Islands, Iceland, Scotland, Spain, Malta, Malaysia and Tasmania. The focus at Hvalpsund Net is to make cages, nets and mooring system for offshore aquaculture sites.

002 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

LIPTOFRY PHYTOBIOTIC GROWTH PROMOTER FOR FINGERLINGS

Improved survival and growth rate Improved health status Immune boosting effect Shortened production cycle

C/ San Romualdo 12-14 • 28037 Madrid (España) +34 902 15 77 11 • +34 91 725 08 00 liptosa@liptosa.com • www.liptosa.com

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 003

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Biomass Control helps industralise salmon farming further

“IT GOES WITHOUT SAYING THAT YOUR BUSINESS STANDS WITH THE RIGHT INFORMATION BUT CAN FALL BADLY WITH INACCURATE WEIGHTS AND FISH NUMBERS.”

hat’s a quotation by Steve Bracken of Marine Harvest Scotland which Hermann Kristjansson, CEO and cofounder of Vaki Aquaculture Systems Ltd, began his talk at Aquaculture UK 2014 recently in Aviemore, Scotland.

Mr Kristjansson presented his experience and views on Biomass Control, which has been listed as one of the challenges in Scottish salmon farming and in salmon farming in general. Started Vaki when he graduated from the University of Iceland in 1986. Since then he has concentrated on developing fish counters and size estimators for fish farming. Three years ago, Marine Harvest, Salmar and Leroy formed a project with SINTEF in Norway, the largest independent research institute in Scandinavia, to improve the Biomass Control in salmon farming. The total budget of the project, called EXACTUS, was UK£3 million, which confirms the importance of Biomass Control as seen by these three companies. A recent study conducted by PHD student Arnfinn Aunsmo from Aas University in Norway shows that the error in number of fish and average weight harvested from individual cages is high. The error reported on average weights is more that +/- five percent in 30 percent of the cases. There is evidence that show similar figures in Scotland even though aggregate results often show that people are harvesting approximately what they expect from a complete site.

Serious problem

Biomass Control is considered a serious problem/challenge in fish farming. Now, why is it a challenge? Everybody can agree that poor biomass control can lead to unnecessary negative environmental impact. But what Mr Kristjansson addressed is the challenge of getting the most out of production: How to achieve maximum yield with minimum cost. Very few people are concerned with the profitability of salmon farming today given the current price of salmon. But over the past 28 years that Mr Kristjansson has been in the industry, prices have not been very stable and he thinks it would be considered irresponsible not to prepare for some price fluctuation in the near to medium future. In order to achieve maximum yield at minimum cost, higher industrialisation of the farming process is required.

“Tight monitoring and control of factors, that can be controlled, is needed. We need to collect as much data as possible and go into as much detail as possible monitoring exact weights and numbers all the way from hatching to harvest,” he explained. Mr Kristjansson’s experience is that numbers in freshwater are quite reliable in Scotland. All freshwater producers are using Vaki’s Micro and Macro Fish Counters successfully. Vaki would like to conduct regular training to make sure there are no surprises and everybody is up-todate in the use of the equipment.

Smolt delivery

One of the most critical points in production from a Biomass Control perspective is the smolt delivery. The number and weight of smolts introduced into each cage is absolutely critical because it represents the starting point in an ongoing production. Things could also be improved here with regular training and regular validation of counts from the wellboats. “As many of you know, our counters record the counting process so counting can be validated afterwards and in fact, if the customer doesn’t want to do it himself, they need only to forward a recording file from the counter to Vaki. “Currently, we are developing an online database which will receive and store these recording files automatically from customers for later reference or validation.”

Accuracy needed

The ongoing part of the production is the most challenging for biomass control. Taking a manual sample of 100 fish from a cage is both physically challenging for the fish and the fish farmer and it is just not accurate nor reliable enough, referring again to Arnfin Aunsmo in Norway and to statistical theory. “There is a case study from EWOS Innovation in Norway that shows this clearly,” he says. “When the information about the Biomass in individual cages is not available or inaccurate, growth cannot be monitored and feeding not controlled in an effort to obtain the lowest feed conversion rate possible.” Low FCR is of course one of the most important indicators of low production cost as you know, he adds. “Therefore, monitoring the FCR based on real growth is essential if one wants to control the feeding. Monitoring the periodic FCR based on real growth is also essential if you want to analyse high FCR periods and takes some actions or implement improvements before the next production period.” He says a company might want to reduce its FCR from 1.4 down to 1.2. How can they do that without knowing the real growth over short periods? he asks.

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

“Monthly hand sampling of 100 fish does not provide enough accuracy to build results on.” Vaki have been working with its customers to identify and focus on periods of high FCR in order to identify the reasons behind this and improve the situation. The only way to monitor and improve FCR is to measure real growth continuously and accurately. He quoted another example, saying a customer in Canada, who monitored the growth with Biomass Daily, confirmed a very high FCR for two months. When analysing the period the customer found out that due to very high currents, some of the feed drifted through the cage before the fish could eat it. “The customer is going to try to avoid this next production cycle by moving the feed input towards the current and perhaps try to feed the fish when there are low tidal currents.”

Future developments

The Biomass Daily system has been developed for some years now and Vaki will continue to develop it to provide even more valuable information to the customer. Vaki will do this by comparing cages in the same site with cages in another site, benchmarking with anonymous cages in the area and comparing with the last production cycle.

a revolution in biomass measurement

u Total overview of all cages

According to major sources, Biomass Control is one of the biggest challenges in salmon farming. Biomass Control is also one of the biggest opportunities in salmon farming as a part of increased “industrialisation” of the fish farming process which needs to take place in order to meet future challenges.

u Daily size measurements from each cage u Accurate average weight, size distribution and condition factor u Daily growth over selected time period u Real time comparisons between cages and sites u Better information – motivation for operators u Automatic reporting of data and system status

Vaki have developed a sonar specifically to find at which depth most of the fish are in the cage, to put the frame there in order to measure most fish and a winch system to move the frame between depths. Biomass Daily can be used to monitor the biomass from hatching to harvest. Vaki have developed a morts counter with LiftUP from Norway. The morts counter will automatically send data to the Biomass Daily system to make sure that the number of fish in the cage is maintained accurately. According to major sources, Biomass Control is one of the biggest challenges in salmon farming. Biomass Control is also one of the biggest opportunities in salmon farming as a part of increased “industrialisation” of the fish farming process which needs to take place in order to meet future challenges.

Tel.(+354) 595 3000 Fax. (+354) 595 3001

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 005

WWW.VAKI.IS

FEATURE

Technology roundup MAG Seal Deterrent

At the time of the Aquaculture UK conference and exhibition, the MAG Seal Deterrent had only been on the market for six weeks - a new exciting piece of kit set to save fish farms a fortune. Of course we at IAF were keen to learn the facts and Mal Scott, general manager for Mohn Aqua UK, based in Forres, Scotland, was more than happy to talk us through the product. The Airmar DB11 used to be imported and sold here in the UK by Mohn Aqua. The DB11 was for a long time, “the best Seal Deterrent on the market” but now, with Airmar’s blessing Mohn Aqua have taken the DB11 and redesigned it for the better, creating what is now known as the MAG Seal Deterrent. It is made fully in the UK and has been built in consultation with, approved and tested by Airmar.

Sturdy foundations

Its foundations are sturdy, using much of the technology that the DB11 originally incorporated. Just like the DB11 the MAG Seal Deterrent sends out an omnidirectional pulse that hurts seals ear drums, yet with the MAG deterrent, “The pulse on each projector can be set to go off at different intervals and for varied lengths of time, making the sequence appear random.” In the past, some seals had learned to predict a pattern. The MAG Seal Deterrent is 50 percent more effective than the DB11 and so it further helps prevent losses. Its only been on the market for a few months. A company reported UK£91,000 loss then got a new MAG Seal Deterrent box fitted and didn’t lose a single fish. Companies have to keep good records of seal attacks and seal deterrents. Mal explained all supermarkets audit the

Aquaculture America 2015 Aquaculture – Center of the Plate

fish farms where they source their fish, using standard industry auditors in the UK like the RSPCA and Freedom Food Alliance. “None of the old systems would tell you if the system was faulty, the only way of knowing was to lose fish to seals and with the MAG Seal Deterrent its easy to find out.” explained Mal. Fault detection can be done daily with the MAG Seal Deterrent. A main problem that used to go undetected quite often was a damaged projector cable. But when you go through the test sequence each day these things are easy to identify. The product works by firing a pulse that can cause pain to a seal’s eardrums within 60 metres of a fish farm. Seals can get used to noise but not pain; yet it won’t deafen seals as alternates through many frequencies. MAG was conscientious when it came to cetaceans (whales, porpoises and other mammals) and is confident that the MAG Seal Deterrent causes little acoustic interference to them.

21-22 Kuntai Hotel Beijing, China SEPTEMBER

2014

part of:

February 19-25, 2015 New Orleans, Louisiana THE NATIONAL CONFERENCE & EXPOSITION OF

Associate Sponsors

Americas Tilapia Alliance American Veterinary Medical Association Aquacultural Engineering Society Aquaculture Association of Canada Catfish Farmers of America Global Aquaculture Alliance American Veterinary Medical Association

International Association of Aquaculture Economics and Management Latin American Chapter WAS Striped Bass Growers Association US Shrimp Farming Association US Trout Farmers Association World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association

For More Information Contact: Conference Manager P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 Email: worldaqua@aol.com | www.was.org

Aquatic China 2014

Beijing

New Orleans Marriott

Throughout the world consumers’ behaviour and attitude towards food has been changing and, as a result, the industries supplying food need to focus on the exchange of information in order to meet these new demands. The emphasis of the Aquatic China 2014 two-day conference is creating an opportunity pathway for those in China’s aquaculture industry to connect with some of the world’s experts on aquaculture research, science, nutrition, feed formulation, economic production, food safety, quality assurance and certiﬁcation.

www.aquafeed.co.uk/aquaticchina

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FEATURE

Dryden Aqua active filtration media

Feed barge innovations for the Faroe Islands

JT Electric and Sandgrevstur joined forces to create innovative feed barge solutions for Bakkafrost, the leading producer of top quality salmon in the Faroe Islands. Oddvald Olsen, Bakkafrost’s farming manager has been working in the sea-farming industry for nearly 30 years. During that time he has been following the development of feed barges. In his opinion, “traditional feed barges are not suitable for the farming environment in the Faroes.” Mr Olsen had been contemplating the idea of creating a suitable solution for many years. Now, JT Electric’s Olavur Thomsen and Sandgrevstur’s Gordon Martin Midjord have made that idea a reality. “Some were of the opinion, of course that we went back in time by rebuilding out-of-date cargo vessels into feed barges,” explained Olsen. “But as these vessels are built for sailing the open seas and the hold is quite suitable for silos, I was convinced they were right for the project.”

The capacity to carry

Sandgrevstur largely sell and transport raw material for concrete and asphalt production. They are always on the look out for ships that have the capacity to carry a large amount of cargo and they always know which ships are on the market. This combined with JT Electrics knowledge of feeding systems makes for a winning union. Back in August 2013 Skavahamer - the first of the custommade feed barges was delivered to a Bakkafrost fish farm. Skaverhamer was a succeeded by a second vessel Svarthamar, which was delivered to another Bakkafrost feeding site in April this year. Each fish farmer was involved with the process of designing the barge to meet the requirements of the site. The feed barges are unique and built according to customer demands yet they share defining characteristics. Each barge is extremely stable and suited for exposed sea. They are high capacity and can carry 600 tonnes of feed or more. Each feed barge has a very long berth side enabling feed and work-boats to safely lie alongside and both have a high life expectancy due to the thickness of the steel from which it is made and each vessel has large fuel and water carriage capacity. The up-cycling aspect of these feed barges is appealing and is economically rewarding. JT Electric explained it is not always about using the most expensive materials, it is more about using the materials that are right for the job. And in this case they hit the nail on the head. “The barges work just as well as I had imagined’ explained Mr Oddvald who says, “We are quite satisfied with them as they are suited to their position in the open sea, where the waves are high from time-to-time.”

Dryden Aqua’s exhibition stand at Aquaculture UK 14 was laden with little sample sachets of emerald green Active Filter Media (AFM) that people were urged to pick up and pocket. I have pinned the little sachet onto my notice board at work! For me - it serves the purpose of a souvenir and brings back memories of Aviemore and Aquaculture UK; forget stuffing a suitcase full of haggis and bagpipes. Staring at this little sachet of AFM is enough to take me back to the highlands. Obviously, it is so much more than a souvenir and the little sachets also fell into the hands of some of the big names in aquaculture; all of whom could be seeking innovative filtration solutions within the aqua sector for filtration purposes. AFM is made in the most sophisticated glass plant in Europe from recycled Scottish green glass cullet and bottles. The Dutch olympic team train in AFMfiltered pools and that’s understandable as this report shows AFM is confirmed to be twice as good as the best sand or glass filtration media in cleaning water. Let me just conclude by saying how charismatic and informative Dryden’s representatives were. Analytical chemist Christi Ashley Sing and engineer Mutassim Ghzali were great ambassadors for the product. www.drydenaqua.com

Stirling graduate appointed by Meriden Animal Health

University of Stirling graduate Kat Konstanti has been appoint to the position of International Technical Support Specialist for Meriden Animal Health. Ms Konstanti’s main focus will be to support the drive and growth of Meriden's products in the aquaculture industry through her technical knowledge and understanding of the market. She recently graduated with a Masters in Sustainable Aquaculture. During her studies at Stirling in Scotland, Ms Konstanti investigated several aspects of aquatic animal culture and gained a solid understanding of the principles that surround the aquaculture industry. With a focus in aquatic animal health control, nutrition, food safety and practical feed production, Kat's studies have set her up well for her career with Meriden. Kat will also be providing additional technical support to the other species areas of the business; however her main focus will be on aqua. "Meriden has gained a solid base in the aquaculture industry since re-formulating its flagship product to create Orego-Stim Aquatract and developing Phyconomix," says Kat speaking of her appointment. "It is my goal to continue the development of these products within the aquaculture industry which is in dire need of effective, natural and sustainable products." Orego-Stim Aquatract has been formulated to reduce mortality, increase harvest weight per area and provide support against stress during vaccination and grading. The product is available in both liquid and powder form. Phyconomix is a ready-to-use range of algae-based products that mirrors optimal larval diets encountered in the wild. Available in powder and liquid form, the nutritionally complete products produce healthier, more resistant post larvae for on-growing.

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 007

FEATURE

Higher waves, stronger currents do not upset Faroe fish farmers

Battered by extreme weather and sea conditions in a natural environment far more hostile than most other places, Faroese fish farms are built to last, using the most robust equipment in the world, according to Vónin Aquaculture. For most fish farmers, a wave height of eight metres is rather unthinkable, not to mention a current strength of 0.8 metres per second. Now go to the Faroe Islands and you will soon see that such conditions are considered nothing out of the ordinary - that is, they are quite common during winter in certain locations, as measured in 100-hour blocks. Extreme conditions by Faroese standards, is quite a different thing. Back in November 2011, Landsverk, the Faroese Public Works Agency, recorded wave heights of up to 19.7m, in fact the highest ever since records began in the late 1960s - possibly the highest on record anywhere, according to the agency. Even on that occasion, Faroese fish farms largely suffered no significant damages, however, one installation had its anchorage compromised and started drifting. “I remember this person was nervous about his fish farm which had shifted position by some 70m in a very short time,” said Signar Poulsen, manager at Vónin Aquaculture. “One of his larger floating frames had snapped and was only being held together by the net cage itself, which fortunately was made of very strong Dyneema netting. “So this was an emergency situation and we had three service teams mobilised to make sure the fish farm remained safe. It turned out to be intact except for the anchors used for keeping it in place and the one floating frame which had been broken in two but was held together by the net cage itself. We had it all repaired and back in place in a matter of hours. “The anchors were of the most robust kind but they had been

dragged across the seabed by the force of the sea with the upper parts completely deformed. So the person was very happy to see everything resolved and the installation back in place with no damage to the fish farm.” Mr Poulsen added, “But such incidents are extremely rare in the Faroe Islands; I cannot recall any other time that something like this happened.”

Three times stronger

Out of a total of 36, two fish farming locations in the Faroe Islands regularly have currents of up to 0.8 metres per second while two other have wave heights of up to eight metres. As far as concerns equipment, the ability to withstand the elements is a standard requirement. Today, every aquaculture installation in the Faroes uses equipment from Vónin Aquaculture, Mr Poulsen says. “Our offerings range from complete solutions to component parts, from net cages, plastic cages, to mooring systems and accessories.” Vónin net cages are usually made from nylon, dyneema, polyester or polyethylene. What separates a Vónin net cages from others is the design of the net cage. A Vónin net cage is designed in particular way which enables it to be used at more exposed and shallow sites. Fish farms are essentially underwater installations and according to Vónin, their mooring system outperforms other systems on the market, much thanks to a unique design that includes a shock absorbing function that enables the installations to remain firmly moored to the seabed while seamlessly withstanding the forces of the sea. “We have 14 departments spread over the whole North Atlantic Ocean, spanning five countries. Canada, Greenland, Norway, Faroe Islands and Denmark,” he says. Vónin net cages and mooring systems undergo rigorous quality tests in order to ensure strength and quality is never compromised. All Vónin products come with certifications.

Remote interface assists controlling feed and fish in transit

that is less complicated through more simplified controls of just four buttons. International Aquafeed was interested to learn at Aquaculture UK 2014 about the installation of RIU3 on monitoring multiple trailers carrying live fish simultaneously. This utilises five direct inputs and five relay inputs to monitor the fish accurately and ultimately lead to reduced operating costs. Arvotec, the Finnish company who have previously featured in our magazine, use real-time software from Pentair in their products.

Ropes from Knox

ing; no algae or other materials in the water are able to stick to it. The benefits of the technology have been developed with other partners to deliver superior technology with friendly, built-in anti-seal strength ropes for fish farmers. The technology is at a very high level but is not just for aquaculture, says the company.

Pentair’s new Remote Interface Unit (RIU3) is a modular system that offers a high level of monitoring and control when it comes to feed in transit and in storage. The original RIU was a great achievement in linking the various stages of fish transportation. However, the new RIU3 which took a year in development and is based on customer inputs, is set to further its capabilities while providing a user experience

Star Netting is a product with a worldwide patent pending for the fibrous polymers used and consists of new ropes from W&J Knox – a company first established in 1778 – and having a range of purposes to meet many challenges in fish farming. The unique properties are hydrophobic qualities and easy clean-

008 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | Fish farming Technology

FEATURE

Kaycee’s twin-dose syringe

Kaycee is offering a new twin-dose syringe that is the culmination of significant research and development in response to the needs of the aquaculture industry. Samuel and Adam Sesemann told International Aquafeed magazine that Kaycee has been building high-quality, hand-held repeater syringes serving the international animal health industry for over 50 years. For use with all oil and water-based vaccines, it is known for reliable dose accuracy while still being easy to maintain with fully replaceable spare parts.

With its distinctive blue grip and polished chrome finish it has changed little over the years and due to its truly ergonomic and well-balanced design their syringes are comfortable to use, allowing long sessions while minimising operator-fatigue and ultimately reducing costs. Built with chromeplated metal to ensure a long life and endure the rigours of outdoor use in the agriculture and aquaculture industries. “As with all our syringes the hand-operated, twin-dose repeater syringe has been designed for use with all oil and water based vaccine and specifically designed to deliver two vaccines of differing viscosity in the same dose. “It has two adjustable dose ranges of 0.05ml each, 0.1ml each or 0.05ml and 0.1ml. Staying true to the design of our current syringe range it is comfortable to handle, ergonomic in design, allows for long sessions minimising operator fatigue and will ultimately reduce the costs of vaccination,” says the company. Kaycee Veterinary Products Ltd was founded in 1962 and has been owned and run by the Sesemann family since 1976. Based in England, their products are shipped internationally.

Extruder OEE for the Production of Fish Feed

AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG, Dieselstrasse 5-9, D-21465 Reinbek / Hamburg, Phone: +49 40 727 71 0, Fax: +49 40 727 71 100, info@amandus-kahl-group.de www.akahl.de

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 009

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Aquaculture UK 2014 - EXPO

BOC – Geoff Hamilton, Carl Hastings, Richard Randle, David Stolk, Keith, Nicholson and Heribert Schneeberger

MSD ANIMAL HEALTH – Keith Morris, Dafydd Morris, Charis Gould and Chris Haecke

BORIS NETS – John Howard

PHARMAQ – Chris mitchel and Ben North

KAYCEE – Adam Sesemann and Samual Sesemann

LIFT UP – Liam Heffernan and Jarle Ragnhildstveit

HYGIENE TECHNIK – Stuart Ferguson, Alasadair Dempster and David Ferguson

HVALPSUND NET – Casper Petersen

EUROPHARMA – Ross Beedie and Alan Dykes

FISH GUARD – Ross Beedie

DRYDEN AQUACULTURE – Christi Ashley-Sing and Mutassim Ghazali

SUNDERLAND MARINE – Allan Lyons and James Simison

MASKINFABRIKKEN APOLLO – Soren Madsen and B.N. Ebbesen

AQUATIC SOLUTIONS A/S – Bjarke Sorensen and Ole Enggaard Pedersen

STINGRAY – ODD Mikkelson and John A Breivik

FUSION MARINE – Gino Bawn, Rhuaraidh Edwaards and Iain Forbes

MOHN AQUA – Malcolm Scott and Martin Scott

XELECT – Proff. Ian Johnson and Dr. Daniel Garcia de la Serrano

FERGUSON TRANSPORT – Carol Mackinnon, Colleen Maclean and Alisdair Ferguson

FRAANTECH – Bjorn Ove Skjeie and Michel Masson

STEEN HANSEN – Rolf Mork-Knudsen, Thale SteenHansen and John Skomsøy

SALSNES FILTERS – Oyvind Prestvik

MISDALE TRANSPORT – Sandy MacKenzie, Alison Holden, Tore Jacobsen and Petter Gunnarstein

SEA SCARER – Baxter Binnie and Maureen Elen

EWOS – Lindsey Pollock and Karen McCloud

AKVA – left to right Ian Lawson, Kjell-Egil Riska, Derek Fergusson, Brian Knowles

AQUALINE – Hans Olav Ruo

BIOMAR – Sarah Cook, Margaret Conry, John Carmichael, Andy Young and Emma Matheson

RK BIO ELEMEMNTS – Robert Knudson

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

TODD FISHERIES – Dr Keith Todd and Errin Todd

OCEA – Malvinus Í Gong, Raymond Horne, Tore Laastad and Adam Bialecki

CALITRI TECHNOLOGY – Giuseppe Calitri and David Calitri

KJ – Joannes Morkore

AQUA GEN – Andy Reece, Ann Vik Mariussa and Jacob Soldal

FAIVRE – Aubert Faivre and Frederic Faivre

ACE AQUATIC – Nathan Pyne-Carter and Ross PyneCarter

PENTAIR – Allen Hirsh, Marco Pistrin and Jeffrey Sanchez

STORVIK – Derik Watson, Lorraine Campbell, Sven Arve Tronsgard and Knut Botngard

MORENOT – Yngue Askeland and Nina Odette Hildre

LAND CATCH – Keith Drynan, Louise Curtis and David Danson

EGERSUND NETS – Tom a Hatleskog

FISH VET GROUP – Chris Mathews and Matt Metselaarhijs

RIDGEWAY BIOLOGICALS TOM MORROW TARPORLINS – Helen Groves – Chris Townslea and Gary Cunningham

SKRETTING – Mark Weir, Lisa Buckley, Will Jewison and Robert Hughes

COASTAL CAGES – Martin Carr

AQUAPHARMA – Nathan Moreland

JT Electric - To the left is Rói Kalsø and to the right is Rúni Petersen

BADINOTTI – Charlie Hunter and Alessandro Ciattaglia

GRADING SYSTEMS LTD – Johny Johnson

TUFROPES – Ashutosh Sinha

GAELFORCE – David Wood and Paul Maclean

STEINVIK – Steve Ball and W & J KNOX – Sandra Cain, Alisdair Binning Kanwal Malik, Pauline Robinson, Finlay Oman, Samantha Whyte

SAL - David Elo

DESMI – Lee Roberts and Simon Withington

OCEN TOOLS AQUACULTURE – Chris Hyde and Chloe Newman

STERNER AQUATECH UK VÓNIN - Roger Webb, Graham – Signar Poulsen and Sigvald Eden, Darren Hanson, Chris Jacobsen Stewart and Jim Neill

Fish farming Technology | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 011

2. ©Peter Duncan

3. ©Mati Nitibhon

5. ©Jayden Harris-Walker

6. ©Magali Soufflet

10. ©Ian Nielsen

11. ©Iman sudrajat

15. ©Romi Novriadi

15. ©Claire Webber, Australian Southern Bluefin Tuna Industry Association

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 27

PHOTOSHOOT / PHOTOCOMP WINNERS

First Place Winner 'Hatching' by Bernd Ueberschär, Germany

“I was very pleased to learn that one of my photos was award-winning in the World Aquaculture 2014 Conference Photo Competition. “Taking the winning photo "Hatching" was a very special moment and great luck. Although I am working with fish larvae in aquaculture and in field studies for more than 25 years, there was hardly a comparable situation with hatching larvae AND my special camera equipment with me ... I am glad, that this photo was made available to the public audience at the WAS!,” says Bernd Ueberschär, of Kiel, Germany.

Second Place Winner ‘Glorification of the Dead’ aquacultured Thunnus albacares (Yellowfin tuna )- by Akihiro Shiroza, USA

Akihiro is a marine biologist and artist from Japan but was educated and lives in Coral Gables, Florida, USA. The image is a product of his work using scientifically collected larval specimens and magnification up to 200 times the size of the natural body sizes. "My most recent work as an artist stems from interacting, on a quotidian basis, with dead specimens and reflecting on my role as a larval fish collector and taxonomist. Using scientifically collected larval specimens, I glorify the fish through embalming rituals of cleaning, chemical treatment, and digital transformation. "The finished pieces are digital retouched collages of multiple super-macro photographs of chemically treated larval fish, some magnified up to 200 times to the size of their mature bodies. I conceived the concept and images after sorting and identifying larval fish all day, every day, under the microscope. Prior to identification, and while using needles and forceps, I take my time to clean the specimens, and free them from dust and other foreign objects attached to their surface, as an act of respect to the deceased before their last judgment in the Big Book of Records. "It’s only then, when I ask what they are, that they finally speak to me," he adds. More of his work can be found at: http://www.studioelcondor.com/aki.html

Third Place Winner ‘Thumbs up for aquaculture’ by Greg Marett, USA

Third prize winner is Greg Marett of the AVID Program 'Pearl industry development in the Western Pacific'. The image, 'Thumbs up for aquaculture' was taken this year at the Nago Island Mariculture and Research Facility in New Ireland Province in the northeaster most region of Papa New Guinea.

Thank you to our Sponsors WAS Adelaide and IAF wish to thank the sponsors of the competition: The competition's Gold Prize Sponsor is Gold Coast Tiger Prawns of Queensland, Australia, Silver Prize Sponsor Baader Seafood Innovations of Germany with International Aquafeed providing the third place winner's prize. Additional sponsors included AQ1 Systems of Tasmainia, Australia, and LMC Training and RadAqua, both of Queensland, Australia.

28 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

STUDENT CATEGORY S

Winner 'Basil and Goldfish’ by Bonnie Philp, Australia

"I took this photo during my science class where we are learning about aquaculture and aquaponics. The idea behind the photo is to show how simple aquaponics can be and how any type of fish can be used to grow plants. We have built our own systems in class and it has been fun watching the plants grow," says Bonmie Philp.

The Prizes

Second place winner ‘Big Bubbles’ by Rachel Cortese, Australia

Open: 1st PRIZE – AU$1000

"This is a photo of my Goldfish at home, I really enjoy keeping fish and have a few tanks at home. It’s a cool photo because it really shows the detail of the fish, especially its eyes. I study aquaculture at TAFE and am doing my Certificate III and really enjoy it. I see aquaculture as the future of food production, as long as we can make it sustainable," says Rachel Cortese.

2nd Prize – Au$750 3rd Prize – AU$500

Student: 1st Prize – AU$750 2nd Prize – AU$500 3rd Prize – AU$250

Third place winner ‘NFT Aquaponics’ by Shae Butler, Australia

"This is a photo of the Home Aquaponics system that I made at school for science class. We are learning about Aquaponics at school and were challenged to design a set up that can be used at home so I designed this. We have a bigger tank in the class where we are growing Barramundi, they are heaps more fun than Platy's and Goldfish," says Shae Butler.

About our student winners All of the entries are from 'Year 12' students studying aquaculture at Broome Senior High School, Broome which is located approximately 2000km north of Perth on Australia's west coast and is famous for Cable Beach and Pearls. "The students are given the option to study a Certificate II or Certificate III in Aquaculture at Broome Aquaculture Centre with the High School curriculum supporting what the students are learning at TAFE. The course has been developed over a number of years and is aimed at teaching students how to think sustainably and to think about alternative methods of food production," says Mr Andy Smyth of Broome Senior High School.

See more photo competition entries at:

http://bit.ly/IAFphotocomp

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 29

FEATURE

MICROALGAE: A sea of opportunities for the aquaculture industry by Dr Keith Filer, Alltech

lgae, a buzzword in the biofuel industry a few years ago and a diverse group of simple organisms, are the new game changer in the animal feed industry. Algae also contribute to the air we breathe, producing nearly 50 percent of the oxygen in the atmosphere and directly supporting the ocean life, thereby playing a major role in global productivity. There are an estimated 800,000 species of algae that range from single-celled microorganisms to multi-celled organisms, such as the 200-foot long giant kelp. Algae produce carbohydrates, oils, protein, vitamins, pigments and organic materials.

New applications

While macroalgae (seaweed) dominate the global aquatic plant production, the microalgae industry is growing rapidly as scientists continue to find new appli-

CASE STUDY High-quality micro-algae concentrates used in ‘early developmental’ aquafeeds by Pieter Boelens, Chief Operation Officer, Evodos

icro-algae provide an important direct or indirect feed source for early developmental stages of many farmed finfish, shellfish and invertebrate species. Hatcheries typically cultivate micro-algae in-house, but commercial concentrates are starting to be used, as a substitute. Commercially available concentrates offer a convenient source for micro-algae hatcheries. The number of micro-algae producers delivering algae concentrates to the hatcheries is growing. Only those micro-algae producers, which are delivering the right quality concentrate, are successful. From an aquaculture perspective, the key desire attributes for micro-algae concentrates are: • High cell concentration without damaged cells • Increased shelf life • Easy to suspend uniformly in water

cations for the freshwater and marine species. Today, the freshwater Chlorella and Arthrospira are primarily used for human dietary supplements and ingredients for animal feed. Other species are used for the extraction of high-valued components such as vitamins, w-fatty acids, natural pigments and antioxidants. Microalgae are required in larval nutrition, either fed directly in the case of mollusks and peneid shrimp or indirectly as live prey food in small fish larvae (Spolaoree, et al.). The nutritional composition and biochemical diversity of microalgae have generated an enormous amount of interest in a variety of applications. Microalgae can have high protein content with an amino acid profile that can provide essential amino acids. The lipid content can reach 70 percent, with a high concentration of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids. Microalgae can be a valuable source of vitamins and minerals as well. Most commercial production of micro-

• Regularly available and affordable The company Evodos focuses on 'harvesting' micro-algae concentrates out of open ponds and photo bioreactors (PBR's) for aquafeed. With the Evodos micro-algae harvesting solution you harvest a high quality micro-algae concentrate, the micro-algae cells are intact and undamaged. During the harvesting process, the microalgae don’t change in structure and temperature. All valuable components inside the micro-algae cells are fully retained.

Key micro-algae strains

Evodos has a growing client base by achieving a very high quality output with micro-algae species that play an important role in the Aquaculture market, like Dunaliella, Tetraselmis, Nannochloropsis, Chlorella, Diatoms and more. Today, these key micro-algae strains are available as concentrates processed by Evodos units. These are marketed as total replacements for living micro-algae or serve as a back-up against crashes and out-of-season shortages or supplement to live micro-algae produced in-house. Available micro-algae concentrates also enables smaller enterprise to operate without an in-house micro-algae production capacity. One of the successful micro-algae producers is Tomalgae, a biotech company which 30 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

algae is done autotrophically in open outdoor circulating raceways or ponds. Under autotrophic growing conditions, microalgae use light energy to fix carbon dioxide, their carbon source into hydrocarbons with oxygen discharged as a waste product. However poor light diffusion; microbial, chemical and physical contamination; downstream processing and the growth of zooplankton and other species are all drawbacks of an open system. Photobioreactors (PBR) have improved productivity of autotrophic production through the careful control of growth limiting and environmental parameters, however PBRs have not been deemed successful or economical for producing low cost, high volume end-products for the feed industry. The other commercial production method in growing algae is the heterotrophic system. Heterotrophic species get their energy from organic carbon compounds in much the same way as yeast, bacteria and animals. By eliminating light from the

develops micro-algae based products for the aquaculture market. With the Evodos units, Tomalgae produces high quality micro-algae concentrate mainly for the larval stage. “The diatoms belong to one of the most economically important groups of algae. “For various applications, it is often very important that while algae cultures are concentrated via centrifugation, the cells are not damaged and keep their integrity after the processing. “Traditional methods of centrifugation typically bring a serious damage to the cells breaking or opening their frustules that usually dramatically reduces the quality of the microalgal biomass obtained. In contrast, recently I repeatedly had a chance to process large volumes of diatoms using The Evodos Dynamic Settler. “The results of these tests proved to be uniformly identical: the perfect quality of concentrated microalgal (diatom) paste – no diatoms cells were detected that exhibited any signs of mechanical damage,” says Professor Viktor Chepurnov, Tomalgae. With the Evodos micro-algae harvesting solution algae producers can produce the right quality micro-algae concentrates necessary for the aquaculture market: high quality micro-algae concentrate that is equal to the quality of living micro-algae. www.evodos.eu

FEATURE production process, any fermenter (such as those used for production of medicines, beverages and food additives) can be used for heterotrophic algal growth. Reaching 100,000 liters in size, these fermenters can generate large volumes of highly productive cultures making them less expensive than the autotrophic system. One of the main differences between autotrophic and heterotrophic systems is the added nutritional benefits from heterotrophic algae. The heterotrophic method maintains a closed, controlled system that provides a more consistent, traceable and pure algal product that is more beneficial for the feed industry. For example, by manipulating the physical and chemical properties of the cultural medium, several species of microalgae can overproduce and accumulate higher levels of specific fatty acids. Xu et. al (2006) demonstrated that C. protothecoides had a lipid content as high as 55 percent, approximately four times greater than when grown autotrophically.

Omega-3 fatty acid

In another study, Barclay et. al (1994) showed that omega-3 fatty acid productivity was two to three times higher when produced in heterotrophic rather than autotrophic conditions. Microalgae that contain large quantities of

high quality eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)are now being commercialised as sustainable alternative sources to fish oil. By providing a clean and consistent source of omega-3 fatty acids and high quality protein, heterotrophic microalgae offer more nutrition components to a diet than the autotrophic method. The Marine Ingredients Organization (IFFO) sees microalgae as the most promising and sustainable alternative sources to EPA and DHA in fish oil. Algal oils are now being commercialized as sustainable alternative sources to fish oils. They have been shown to be nutritionally equivalent and can successfully enrich larval feed and replace fish oil in fish diets. Alltech has focused its research efforts on algae for the past five years, purchasing one of the largest heterotrophically grown microalgae facilities in 2010. The 100,000-square foot state-of-the art facility in Winchester, Kentucky, uses proprietary algal technology to process heterotrophic algae because of its nutritional benefits. A series of experiments in tilapia and trout were performed to evaluate the nutritional value of a high DHA strain of alga (SP1) produced by Alltechâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Algae facility. The algae were included at low levels in tilapia diets to evaluate the uptake of DHA in the fillet and added at high levels in trout to

determine the impact on performance. The tilapia fed 0.4 percent SP1 in the diet had higher DHA levels at the end of the 13-week feeding trial. The 15 percent SP1 inclusion rate in the rainbow trout diet improved weight gain and also increased DHA levels in the fillet. These trials indicated that heterotrophic microalgae can be included in tilapia and trout diets to increase DHA level in fish meat as well as improve fish performance. Work will continue with this strain of alga to define the nutritional value in marine species and shrimp.

The benefits of feeding microalgae

A two-fold contribution, the aquaculture industry can see the benefits of feeding microalgae to fish as well as marketing the enriched product to consumers. This can mean improving return while creating a healthier population of both humans and aquaculture all at the same time. Beside the nutritional improvement that microalgae can bring to fish and food, it is one of the only biomassâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; material that allows production with daily harvest all year round. This could bring more security to an everchanging market, and provide some options for the aquaculture industry, especially when fish oil supplies are depleting as it continues to be sold to the human side for a higher dollar amount.

Evodos delivers micro-algae harvesting solutions Harvest a high quality concentrate equal to living micro-algae Micro-algae is harvested intact and undamaged which increases shelf life Proven replacement or supplement for living micro-algae No chemicals or additives needed for harvesting

Algae Harvesting Excellence July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 31

W P E

www.evodos.eu +31 76 571 1170 info@evodos.eu

EXPERT Tâ&#x2014;?PIC

EXPERT TOPIC

SALMON Welcome to Expert Topic. Each issue will take an in-depth look at a particular species and how its feed is managed.

32 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

EXPERT T●PIC

2 5 1

USA

Farmed on land salmon

and-based aquaculture is a growing alternative that eliminates the risk of spreading waste, diseases or parasites in open waters. Closed containment systems do, however, share a key area of concern with their water-based counterparts, and that’s how many fish it takes to grow the larger ones that humans eat. System owners also have to filter out fish waste or develop markets for products like fish fertilizer. Building an intricate indoor system of tanks and tubes costs far more than growing Atlantic salmon in nets or cages in open waters. The technology, which helps conserve water resources on land, has been evolving for more than a decade, but few businesses have been able to make it financially viable says the report. As a research facility, the Freshwater Institute isn’t aiming to sell salmon year-round. Its fish won’t hit the market again for another eight to 10 months, and previous salmon harvests have been donated to places such as the anti-hunger nonprofit D.C. Central Kitchen. In the meantime, institute director Joseph Hankins has opened the facility’s doors to aquaculture businesses and investors looking to adapt and scale up the recirculating aquaculture, or closed containment, technology. The Freshwater Institute’s first batch of land reared Salmon was delivered to markets in Maryland and Virginia in late March and will be available through mid-May at area Wegmans seafood counters and on more than a dozen restaurant menus. That means Washington consumers can get the first taste of the only Atlantic salmon in the United States grown with this technology. July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 33

2 EXPERT T●PIC

A history of aquaculture and salmon in Chile

n the early 1990s, according to FAO, the total harvest from aqua cultivation centres in Chile did not exceed 80,000 tonnes.

However, by 2004 they had reached 688,000 tonnes. A massive increase in production which has, despite some difficulties continued. Likewise in exported volumes, from 30,000 to 430,000 tonnes in that same period. In dollar terms this has meant from US$100 million in 1990 to US$1600 million in 2004 and as at 2013 this figure has moved to close toUS$4000 million. Salmonid species have been dominant, both in harvest volume and export values. Other important species include bivalve molluscs (oysters, scallops and mussels) and cultivation of the Gracilaria algae. Turbot cultivation has registered a gradual growth from one tonne (1991) to 249 tonnes (2004). Many exotic aquatic species were introduced into Chile back as far as the 1850s but it was not until the early 1900s -1920s that Salmon were imported. According to report by E.A. Tulian, the Argentinian Government employed the services of John W. Titcomb (Bureau of Fisheries in USA) for a number of months, especially to bring a number of salmon/trout species from USA. Titcomb also chose the site for the first hatchery at Lago Nahuel Huapi, situated in the Andes Mountains, within three to five kms of the Chilean boundary. According to the report as of March I, 1905, the fish in the ponds at the Nahuel Huapi hatchery were counted and there were found to be 8500 brook trout, 3800 lake trout, and 1800 landlocked salmon. They measured from six to eight inches in length. A large number were accidentally lost during the latter part of the year, but in May, 1906 they had a considerable number of each

of these species in the ponds. The death rate in all three from the time hatched, in March, 1904, until May, 1906 was as low as would have been found at anyone of the more successful trout hatcheries in the United States. By 1908 a lot of some 25,000 brook trout eggs were shipped from the Nahuel Huapi hatchery to Santiago, Chile on the railroad that crosses from Buenos Aires to Valparaiso, not far from the Argentinian boundary, at the request of the Chilean government, to be hatched in a small hatchery belonging to that government located in the Andes Mountains. Also in 1908 there was an effort to bring in other species from UK and on that trip they were given 20,000 Atlantic salmon eggs that were secured from the Earl of Denbigh's fisheries in North Wales. The story is a little patchy but it seems due to poor packing and timing there was some urgency in getting them to a hatchery and some of those eggs ended up in Chile in possibly the highest hatchery in the world. The hatchery is still operating today, albeit in a minor capacity. Most of the credit is given to The Fisheries Development Institute (IFOP) who were instrumental in importing the first Coho salmon which are recorded as arriving into Chile in 1921 and over the next 50-plus years the Institute looked to cutting-edge technologies from abroad to cultivate various aquatic species and invited foreign experts to share their specialist knowledge here.

Foundation Chile

In 1976 Foundation Chile was formed, an institution dedicated to scientific research and technology transfer. It was formed as a public-private partnership by 50 percent Government of Chile and 50 percent by ITT. Its mission was to introduce high impact innovations to increase Chile's competitiveness in world markets. Aquaculture systems were highlighted as an important prospect. In 1978 the government’s contribution grew with the establishment of the Fisheries Department and the National Fisheries Service, Sernapesca. Between 1978 and 1980 a series of private initiatives, including those by Fundacion Chile, lead to the creation of various companies dedicated exclusively to salmon farming. In the early 1980s a small group of visionary entrepreneurs invested in an uncertain and unknown business - one considered a high-risk venture at the time – and began salmon farming in Chile. In 1982 the first company created by Fundacion Chile was formed: Salmon Antarctic Ltda, seven years later this company was sold to a Japanese company for US$22 million. The second Fundacion Chile company, Sea Harvest Tongoy, which manages the develop34 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

ment of the culture of the Japanese oyster was then formed and in 1992 the organisation was credited with developing the Turbot aquaculture industry in Chile. By 1985 36 salmon farms were operating in Chile and total production exceeded 1200 tonnes. A year later, the salmon industry boom began, with production topping 2100 tonnes per annum and feasibility studies churning out impressive return on investment figures.

Salmon in Chile today

That same year, as evidence of definite consolidation within the salmon farming industry, the Salmon and Trout Producers Association AG was formed, known as Salmon Chile today. From that time on, the association’s main objective has been to secure a seal of quality for the production and promotion of Chilean salmon across global markets. It established minimum requirements at the processing plants of its member companies in order to obtain the best quality product. In 1990 the industry moved into species reproduction and the first Chilean Coho salmon roe were cultivated. This step represented the first scientific advancement in Chile and heralded the real takeoff point for rapid growth of the industry. At the same time, major improvements in salmon feeding were made and the subsequent increase in volume necessitated a more professional industry. Dry foods with a higher lipid content and a more efficient lipid-protein balance were introduced. In 2003 the industry developed a Code of Good Practice, the first of its kind in Chile.

An industry crisis followed

With good comes the bad and in July 2007 a farm site in Chiloe officially reported the first case of Infectious Salmon Anemia (ISA). The disease is caused by a virus of the Orthomyxoviridae family, of the genus Isavirus, which affects Atlantic salmon grown in sea water. The disease created an industry crisis that affected its production processes and regional development in infected areas. While

EXPERT T●PIC it doesn’t affect humans, it does cause fish mortality. It was also diagnosed in the 1980s in Norway and later in Canada, Scotland, the Faroe Islands and the United States. The crisis required the rapid setting up of a public-private partnership to tackle the issue. Measures taken included a governmental body issuing initial resolutions as contingency measures and subsequent resolutions for monitoring and control. During this time, the association worked with member companies

These were underpinned by thematic analyses focused on concessions, production infrastructure and improved health conditions including various action plans aimed at the detection of diseases, vaccinations, the use of drugs and restrictions on roe imports. The association coordinated joint projects with companies in the industry to establish 44 health measures to promote self-regulation and a public-private partnership. These included modifying existing legislation, in particular to the General Law on Fisheries and Aquaculture and adopting new regulations. Over time, and through the effort and dedication of all involved, recovery is now evident within the industry.

Second largest producer

to promote self-regulation and fostered relationships with government bodies. As with any crisis, the process generated opportunities that drove the development of a new production model for the industry. This included a series of measures concerning healthy intervals, coordinated treatment and maximum densities.

The salmon aquaculture industry is currently the second largest export sector in Chile and after Norway, Chile is the second largest producer of salmon globally. It has generated more than 60,000 direct and indirect jobs and operates in over 70 markets. Markets have been forged in developing areas like Brazil and other Latin American countries and there is also a push into China and Russia. Demand as of now is strong so there is still some depth to the marketability of the product. According to FAO on human resources, there is an adequate availability of research-

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ers, professionals, technicians and specialised labour force to respond to the increasing demand by industry and public and private research programs. Universities and higher education institutions are actively training human resources oriented towards the satisfaction of the industry’s requirements in production (marine biologists, veterinarians, fishing engineers, aquaculture engineers), processing (industrial and food engineers) and marketing (commercial engineers). There is also a growing specialisation in service areas such as environmental impact assessment, disease diagnosis and treatment, biotechnology, market studies and foreign trade, among others. The Government has a ProChile group which is very helpful in the trade arena.

Annual plan of action

Perhaps the most important milestone of the last few years has been the official publishing of the National Aquacultural Policy, which established objectives, principles and strategies associated to the activity’s sustainable development. This important instrument of public-private participation also established annual plans of action (for the years 2004 and 2005), which have been achieved satisfactorily based on the FAO report.

3 EXPERT T●PIC

Krill improves fillet yield and quality

A NEW COMMERCIAL-SCALE PROJECT REVEALED THAT KRILL FEED IMPROVES SALMON FILLET QUALITY AND QUANTITY

he results from the commercialscale project are unusually clear. Fish that received feed with krill offered higher fillet yields than the control group - says Sigve Nordrum, Aker BioMarine. “The fillets' firmness was greater and the incidence of gaping lower in fish fed with krill. The quality improvements could be of major importance to the processing industry and to consumers' experience,” he says.

The trial

BioMar and Aker BioMarine documented the value of the fish feed containing krill, developed by BioMar and called Quick™. QuickTM increases food uptake and growth in farmed salmon. In this major commercial-scale project, salmon were fed BioMar QuickTM. Researchers compared this group of salmon with the control group of fish that received BioMar feed without krill. The trial examined 260-farmed salmon, bred on five sites in Norway. The fish were analysed by one of Europe's largest institutes for applied research within the fields of fisheries, aquaculture and food, Nofirma. Research examined 14 groups of fish (between May 2013 and January 2014) from the standpoints of yield and quality, including body shape and organ condition, for example heart and liver index and fat content. Fillet quality is determined, in part, by its colour, firmness and gaping. Another determinant is fat deposition around the organs. Fat deposition can affect metabolism and effective metabolism is important for the filet quality. Of course, good taste, smell and storage capabilities are equally vital.

The results

Krill-fed salmon weighed significantly more than the control group (4.6kg and 4.3kg, respectively). Likewise, the filet yield for the krill feed group was significantly higher (63.7% vs 60.8%). This 2.7 peercent increase correlated with the significantly thicker fillet – 4-5 percent thicker and firmer than the control group. In summary, the feed with krill stimulated the development of more and firmer muscle. This in turn led to less gaping (7 percent vs 20 percent) and higher yield. There were no negative effects of the fish examined. Norfima’s study supports earlier experiments on krill-fed Atlantic salmon. Independent studies at Norway’s Aquaculture Protein Center showed that dietary krill meal, compared with fish meal, stimulated feed intake and growth in salmon (see http://www.nofima.no/filearchive/hlbrosjyre-2012-web_2.pdf). 36 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

And a commercial-scale feed trial in Chile showed that young Atlantic salmon eat more and grow faster – and bigger – with krill added to their diet. Farmed salmon use the nutrients in the feed to store fat and build muscle. More muscle improves the fillet quantity and quality. Researchers believe the increased feed intake may be due, in part, to the improved palatability of krill-based diets.

Long-term collaboration for sustainability

Aker BioMarine and BioMar are also collaborating with other companies and international environmental organisations to (1) assure krill’s essential role in marine ecosystems and (2) minimise the risk of krill fishery impacting ecosystem health. Krill are small crustaceans, like shrimp, that maintain the vital dynamics in the food chain between microscopic plants and larger animals, such as seals and whales. Krill are the most abundant animal species on the planet. Though hard to measure, because of their large home range, the biomass is estimated between 120-600 million tonnes. Because of their position in the food chain, changes that affect krill have repercussions that flow through the rest of the ecosystem. Research is underway to examine the human and environmental changes on krill, that is warmer and more acidic oceans. In June 2014 the British Antarctic Survey and WWF co-hosted a workshop on krill conservation in the Scotia Sea and Antarctic Peninsula region. The workshop involved participants from the scientific, conservation and fishery sectors. It concluded that the current catch levels are unlikely problematic, but uncertainties about fishery impact increase with catch levels. Thus, in the management of krill fishery, a research and development strategy is critical. Broadening dialogues and availability of information is equally critical. “Aker BioMarine is taking pro-active initiatives to do just that as it continues to pioneer further development,” Nordrum said. Salmon fillet gap

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4HEAT-STABLE PROTEASE EXPERT Tâ&#x2014;?PIC

IN SALMONID FEEDS

Experiences from Canada and Chile by M.A. Kabir Chowdhury, PhD, Jefo Nutrition Inc., Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, Canada Dr Pedro Cardenas Villarroal, Alinat Chile, Chile

olatility of supply, price and quality of commonly-used ingredients and lack of proper characterisation of their components are forcing aquaculture feed manufacturers to use high safety margins for nutrients while formulating a feed.

derived from pancreas or secretory cells of the intestinal epithelium in slightly alkaline environment achieved by pancreatic secretion of bicarbonates and bile acids from the gall bladder (see Figure 1). The absorption of nutrients occurs in the intestine by optimising the intestinal surface area within the constraints of the coelomic cavity. Presence of exogenous protease can influence the rate of reactions in the intestine enhancing nutrient utilisation efficiency of the animals. Effects of protease in aquaculture feed can be manifested in more digestible proteins in feed, improved digestibility of nutrients in an ingredient, better mucosal health, growth and feed conversion of the farmed aquatic animals. Trials with shrimp, crab, salmonids, carps, tilapia, pangasius, seabream and other species have shown significant improvement in growth, feed conversion or nutrient utilisation efficiency. In studies with salmonids species, addition of protease in feed not only improved the protein quality of the feed but also stimulated gut health, growth, and feed conversion helping the bottom line of feed manufacturers and producers.

Improving protein quality

In several in-vitro and in-vivo studies with the Jefo protease, a marked improvement in protein digestibility of ingredient and feed was observed. In a study conducted at the University of Saskatchewan of Canada, addition of the protease to a co-extruded canola-pea based Techniques such as cooking, conditioning, diets resulted in significant improvement in soaking and finally, using enzymes for various apparent digestibility of crude protein, energy, components are increasingly used to improve lipid and dry matter (P<0.05) in rainbow trout the quality of ingredients in feed or to reduce (see Figure 2A) (Drew et al. 2005). the variations in their quality. The improvement was less pronounced in Besides phytase (for phosphorus) and the co-extruded flax-pea based diets. some carbohydrases, dietary proteolytic Availability of more digestible nutrients enzymes are gaining attention in recent years, also resulted in improved feed conversion and mainly because of the need for better utilisagrowth of rainbow trout fed diets containing tion of proteins from existing sources. with the protease (see Figures 2B and 2C). Protease breaks down large, indigestible In another in-vivo study conducted at and insoluble proteins to highly digestible the Universidad Catolica de Temuco with smaller peptides and some free amino acids. three species of salmonids (coho salmon, These small chain peptides may also contain Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout), both some bioactive properties influencing ingesprotein and carbohydrate digestibility were tion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation of improved significantly in fish fed the treatnutrients in animals. ment diets containing the protease than These intrinsic properties of protease those fed the control diets (Chowdhury enzymes are encouraging for nutritionists 2012). and feed formulators as they allow them In an in-vitro digestibility to include more low-digestible study at the Universidad de protein ingredients without Figure 1: Addition of an exogenous protease in feed during Concepcion of Chile, protein compromising the quality of manufacturing and how it affects the protein quality of feed and fate of nutrients in the intestine of animals digestibility of commercially the feed. extruded (extrusion temp. 120oC) salmonids feeds with The influence of and without protease was exogenous protease determined using the HClIn the intestine of animals, Pepsin method. The method polypeptides are digested to involved grinding of the feed smaller peptides and amino samples followed by HClacids by several enzymes 38 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

EXPERT T●PIC Pepsin digestion for 16 hours and then, separation of solids. The protein digestibility of a feed was then determined using the following equation: Protein Digestibility (%) = 100 x (Initial CP – Final CP)/Initial CP The protein digestibility was analysed in three different hydrolysing conditions (temperature and pH). In all three cases, sig-

ing the protease compared to those fed the control diets (see Table 1). Similarly, height (µm), density and structure of intestinal villi also showed a marked improvement in fish fed the protease diets (see Figure 4). Increased availability of nutrients coupled with increased intestinal nutrient absorption

Figure 2: (A) ADC of crude protein in co-extruded flax:pea and canola:pea diets with and without Jefo protease in rainbow trout; (B) Feed conversion and (C) specific growth rate of rainbow trout fed co-extruded flax:pea and canola:pea with and without Jefo protease

nificantly more digestible protein was reported in feeds containing the protease than in those without (see Figure 3).

Growth performance and intestinal health

Several growth and digestibility trials conducted in Canada and Chile showed significant improvement in performance of the test animals fed diets contain-

capacity resulted in the better growth and feed conversion in treatment animals.

Challenges for using a protease enzyme

Issues with heat-stability have been a major hindrance for the use of enzymes in aquafeed. Very few enzymes in the market today are truly heat-stable. July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 39

EXPERT Tâ&#x2014;?PIC In addition, it is difficult for feed manufacturers to compare efficacy of various enzymes to improve the protein quality of their feed using traditional or prescribed enzymatic activity assays. Traditional or prescribed enzymatic assays rely on specific substrate, which may not be suitable for a feed. Feedmills must be able to rapidly and accurately test complete feeds for the presence of a protease as part of their QA/ QC process. The in-vitro protein digestibility assays provide a solution to this problem enabling feed manufacturers to test the effects of an enzyme not by measuring activity but in real term, the quality of proteins. This innovative solution should be standardised and utilised as a tool to compare effects of different enzymes on a particular feed. Preference to multi-enzyme containing protease-complex has also been a rising phenomenon. All enzymes are proteins and adding a protease in the cocktail creates a situation where other enzymes become the nearest substrate for the protease. While it is acceptable to use all the carbohydrases together, using protease in a cocktail usually reduces the efficacy of other enzymes. Several published and unpublished trials with carps, shrimp and salmonids showed lower beneficial effects of multi-enzyme compared to a single protease or a proteasecomplex. If intended, it is recommended to use protease either separately or in a protected form in a multi-enzyme cocktail to prevent hydrolysis of other enzymes.

Figure 3: Protein digestibility (%) of extruded salmonids feeds with and without protease as determined by HCl-Pepsin method at three different hydrolyzing conditions

Figure 4. Structure of intestinal villi in rainbow trout fed diets with and without Jefo protease

Conclusion

Apart from their availability and poor nutrient characterisation, imbalanced amino acid profiles, poor digestibility of nutrients, presence of various anti-nutritional factors has been limiting the use of some novel ingredients in aquaculture feed. Using a protease enzyme would therefore be a useful solution to address these unknown factors. It can be assumed that in the near future, similar to phytase, protease enzymes would become an essential component of feed as a cost-effective solution to improve the quality of salmonids feeds.

Table 1. Growth performance and intestinal villi height of rainbow trout fed diets containing graded level (0, 175, 250 ppm) of Jefo protease Initial body weight (g)

Treatments

References: Chowdhury, M.A.K. 2012. Aquafeed: Advances in Processing & Formulation, Autumn Issue. Drew et al. 2005. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 119:117-128

Final body weight (g)

Specific growth rate (SGR, %)

Thermalunit Growth Coefficient (TGC)

FCR

Villi size (Âľm)

Control

390

850a

0.92a

2.52a

1.43b

630a

Control + 175 ppm protease

402

971b

1.05b

2.94b

1.35a

663b

Control + 250 ppm protease

399

987b

1.07b

3.03b

1.33a

737b

Notes: Different letters in a column denote significant differences (P<0.05) among the treatments 40 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

FEATURE

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5 EXPERT T●PIC

KING N O M L SA

ew Zealand (NZ) has no native Salmonid species and in these days of high biosecurity it always makes you wonder how imported species have become established. In the case of salmon in New Zealand it seems that colonists back in the 19th Century were keen to have access to pleasures that were associated with the very wealthy – the right to hunt and to fish for salmon and trout. At that time NZ rivers were devoid of sporting fish hence species were imported. One of the main organisations behind this work was the Auckland Acclimatisation Society (AAS), which is still in existence today. AAS was New Zealand’s first such society and was established around 1861. Many others soon followed, including in Whanganui and Nelson in 1863, and Otago and Canterbury in 1864. Their rules were very similar to the British Acclimatisation Society and focused on introducing all manner of new species as long as they were ‘innoxious’. By 1866, the British society had merged with the Ornithological Society. New Zealand became the standard setting for a network of regional acclimatisation societies that lasted almost 130 years – although their role later changed. Their activities received government sanction, but not financial support. In 1867, the first of a series of Animal Protection Acts in NZ protected many introduced animals and formally recognised the acclimatisation societies. The importation of trout was enabled by the Salmon and Trout Act, passed in the same year.

Exchange agreements

Species exchange agreements were made between New Zealand societies and those

The successful transposing of Chinook salmon to New Zealand

overseas. At first many societies had gardens for propagating new plant species, but these were soon shed in favour of focusing on animals, as a result, hatcheries were built for breeding trout and aviaries for raising game birds, for release into the wild. Farmer and rabbit inspector, Lake Ayson, is regarded as being the main person responsible for introducing Chinook salmon into New Zealand. He had apparently seen the successful introduction of Brown Trout in the late 1800s (strangely introduced from Tasmania) and had some first-hand knowledge through being appointed curator of the Masterton trout hatchery. In 1898 he became the Fisheries Commissioner for the country and as a priority decided to identify fish species that would be suitable for New Zealand. Whilst in the USA on a research trip he was offered half a million Chinook ova free-of-charge and from there history was created.

King Salmon

Chinook or quinnat salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) are native to the north-west coast of North America and north-east Asia but are known in New Zealand by the term King Salmon. New Zealand appears the only place in the world where Chinook salmon have become established successfully outside their natural range. Other species such as Atlantic and Sockeye were also imported and from the records there was a strong feeling that the Government had backed the wrong species but history now shows that is not the case. Chinook are the largest species of the Salmonidae family in New Zealand, commonly reaching 10–15 kilograms. Most adults are three years old when they spawn. When they enter river mouths on 42 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

their spawning runs, they are very silvery in colour – but this gets duller the longer they stay in fresh water. The fish are found mainly on the South Island’s east coast, from the Waiau River in North Canterbury to the Clutha River in South Otago. There are also small runs in the Paringa, Taramakau and Hokitika Rivers on the West Coast and the renowned fisheries are the Waitaki, Rangitātā, Rakaia and Waimakariri rivers. The taking of water for irrigation has seen these rivers suffer from river mouth closure in summer. Reports have it that in the 2000s they were no longer regarded as good salmon fisheries. Small landlocked Chinook salmon can also be caught in some South Island lakes such as Lake Wakatipu. Dams on the Clutha River prevent them migrating to sea, so they never grow to any great size (they are typically less than one kilogram). Occasionally stray salmon are found in North Island Rivers.

Ocean ranching plans and canal farms

In the 1970s and 1980s there were also plans for ‘ocean ranching’ – commercialising the fishery – based on the theory that hundreds of thousands of salmon would be hatched from ova and released. They would go to sea and feed at no cost and come back as adults to be harvested. The plans went ahead and the salmon were released, but they did not come back. In the 2000s commercial salmon farms operated at South Island freshwater sites such as Waikoropupū Springs near Tākaka, and the Tekapo canal in the Mackenzie country. Most sea farming occurs in the Marlborough Sounds, Stewart Island and Akaroa Harbour, while fresh water operations in Canterbury, Otago and Tasman

EXPERT T●PIC utilise ponds, raceways and hydro canals for grow out operations. The salmon are born in land-based hatcheries and transferred to sea pens or fresh water farms to grow out to harvest size. New Zealand has very focused farming practices, strict bio-security procedures and absence of any native salmon species mean that the King Salmon are raised without need for vaccines or antibiotics.

Code of Practice

The New Zealand Salmon Farmers Association’s Finfish Aquaculture Environmental Code of Practice states that raw material for fish feeds should come from sustainably managed fisheries. Temperature is an important factor in determining fish health and growth. King Salmon thrive in cooler waters and best growth is achieved at a temperature of 12-17°C. King Salmon take around 12-18 months to grow in sea water. Depending on market requirements, the salmon are harvested at an average of approximately 3.5 - 4.0kg. Farm site selection is very critical and remains the subject of much debate and, as has been seen recently with legal challenges in the New Zealand Supreme Court. Farms tend to be placed in areas with strong currents to flush the cages and improve the rearing environment and minimise the

effects of waste on the environment. The Global Aquaculture Performance Index (GAPI), developed by Dr John Volpe and the Seafood Ecology Research Group at the University of Victoria, Canada, rated New Zealand is the top performer of all 22 assessed salmon farming countries, with a country score of 73. While GAPI only considers the production of Chinook salmon in New Zealand, according to FAO production data, Chinook salmon actually accounted for all marine finfish production in New Zealand in 2007. Relatively low, dispersed production drives New Zealand’s cumulative country score up to 90—among the highest cumulative scores of all assessed countries.

ducing around 500 tonnes in 2011 and with a NZ$20 million expansion, including a processing factory and a value-added plant, they believe they will be turning out 2000 tonnes in 2014 onwards. New Zealand King Salmon has been through application processes to increase its 2011 production of 7500 tonnes of salmon a year to 15,000 tonnes by 2015-16. Only a small percentage of farms have been granted permission through Supreme Court rulings so the chances of this happening have been stalled. Overall NZ King Salmon remains a strong player in the New Zealand Seafood industry but its future is being questioned by a strong conservation movement and people who would like to see little if anything in the pristine waters of the Marlborough Sounds

Dominance of the domestic market

References:

Initially the industry was driven by the export market but currently the domestic market is absorbing some 60-70 percent of production. The main organisations involved in arms are NZ King Salmon (60-70 percent of NZ production), Sanford (20-25 percent) and Mount Cook Alpine Salmon. Mt Cook Alpine Salmon is driving a bold NZ$20 million expansion plan to fuel a 1400 percent production increase for the company within four years. This organisation was pro-

‘Swimming Upstream’ by Jennifer Haworth http://web.uvic.ca/~gapi/results/browse/ newZealand.html http://www.nurturedseafood.com/aquaculture-innz/industry-overview/key-facts/ http://aquaculture.org.nz/wp-content/ uploads/2012/05/NZ-Aquaculture-Facts-2012.pdf http://www.seafoodnewzealand.org.nz/our-industry/ key-facts/ http://www.teara.govt.nz/

VIV China 2014 September 23-25, 2014 | Beijing, China

SAVE THE DATE The international Feed-to-Meat platform for mainland China July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 43

INDUSTRY EVENTS 3-5 September 14

9th Shanghai International Fishery & Seafood Expo (SIFSE2014), Shanghai New International Expo Centre, 2345 Longyang Road, Shanghai, China Web: www.sifse.com

9-10 September 14

International Conference on Fisheries and Aquaculture (ICFA), Hotel Galadari 64 Lotus Road, Colombo 1, Sri Lanka- 2014 Web: http://aquaconference.com

18-19 September 14

4-7 October 14

Latin American & Caribbean Aquaculture 2014, President Intercontinental Guadalajara Web: www.was.org

11-14 October 14

EuroTier 2014, Messegelände Hannover, Germany Web: www.eurotier.com

14-17 October 14

Aquaculture Europe 2014, San Sebastian, Spain Web: www.easonline.org

7th Protein Summit 2014, Hilton Rotterdam, Weena 10, 3012 CM.Rotterdam Web: www.bridge2food.com

22-24 October 14

21-22 September 14

22-25 October 14

Aquatic China (in conjunction with VIV China), New China International Exhibition Center (NCIEC) Beijing, China Web: www.aquafeed.co.uk/aquticchina

23-25 September 14

VIV China, New China International Exhibition Center (NCIEC), Hall West 1 and 2, 88 Yu Xiang Road, Tianzhu Area, Shunyi district, Beijing, China Web: www.viv.net

6-7 October 14

INDUSTRY EVENTS

ILDEX Myanmar 2014, Tatmadaw Exhibition Hall, Yangon, Myanmar Web: www.vnuexhibitionsap.com

FIGAP 2014, Expo Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco México Web: www.figap.com

AquaSur 2014, Puerto Montt, Chile Web: www.aqua-sur.cl

22-27 October 14

Vietstock 2014, Saigon Exhibition and Convention Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Web: www.vietstock.org

12-14 November 14

ILDEX Cambodia 2014, Phnom Penh Hotel, Cambodia Web: www.vnuexhibitionsap.com

26-30 May 15

World Aquaculture 2015, Jeju Island, Korea Web: www.was.org

6-7 October 14

Myanmar Aqua Fisheries 2014, Tatmadaw Hall –Yangon – Myanmar Web: www.myanmar-aquafisheries.com

Find event information visit www.aquafeed.co.uk/events.php

Showcasing the world’s best fish – Malaysia takes advantage

he Malaysia International Seafood Exposition was linke d to the A q u a c u l t u r e a n d Tr a d e Conference and the Grouper, Snapper & Barramundi Seminar between June 19-21, 2014 at the Putra World Trade Centre in Kuala Lumpur. There is a new air of affluence about the country and much to like. It was good to see government and industry engaged in all aspects of this event and it will be interesting to see if this really assists the development of aquaculture into the future. The Plenar y was a combination of ‘Asian Aquaculture and Sustainability’ learnings from Network of Aquaculture Centres in Asia-Pacific (NACA) delivered by Dr Derun Yuan and ‘Monitoring System for Export to the European Union’ from European Commission delivered by Jacky Le Gosles, DVM. Interesting but with the centre of the world moving to Asia, International Aquafeed magazine wonders how much longer Asian companies and governments will endeavor to

Participe en VIII VERSIÓN 22 al 25 de Octubre de 2014 Puerto Montt, Chile.

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July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 44

comply to the rigorous and, sometimes over complicated, regulations from the EU?

Research emphasis on feed

Erik Hempel, Nor-Fishing F e d e r a t i o n s , d e l i ve r e d a terrific presentation on ‘Global and Norway Marine Finfish Aquaculture Tr ade’ which was very informative and set the tone for the future of the industry. He highlighted that whilst freshwater finfish has been the dominant aquaculture finfish that marine cultured product was making amazing headway in production figures. In 2012 marine cultured finfish accounts for 30 per cent of total production. The emphasis of research today is going into feed formulas as that is one of the main drawbacks to the marine culture business because of the species are carnivorous. Having said that he suggested that Norway was continue to expand its salmon business and produced 1.2 million tonnes in 2012. He emphasised that from the period from 1970 until now, the focus had been on technological and economic improvements in production. He said “Automation has led to a dramatic increase in productivity; in 1994 for each employee Norwegian aquaculture produced 64mt of salmon, whilst in 2012, production reached 333mt per employee. As a result production costs had dropped noticeably in the early years, from over US$15 per kg to just over US$2 per kg in 2005. “In later years production costs per kg had increased due to stricter regulations and stronger focus on fish health.” Over the years he highlighted other improvements with larger cages which are now fur ther

INDUSTRY EVENTS away from the coastline, often in ver y rough seas which has created other challenges. Cage sizes are now about 100 times larger than they were in 1980. Adding to this other technologies such as feeders, biomass measurement, net cleaners, feed barges, well boats, underwater lighting, and operational software had been developed to the extent that today’s Norwegian aquaculture industry has earned a global reputation for being a ‘knowledge industry’.

Status reports from Asia

Excellent status reports were given from Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Malaysia, Vietnam, India and Bangladesh and we will have information on these in later editions. N e i l s S ve n n e v i g , D a n i s h Consultant specialising in tropical aquaculture operating in Vietnam, enlightened the audience with a

presentation on ‘Prospects and Challenges in Sea Cage Farming in South East Asia’. “In 2012, S E Asia together with China, Hong and Taiwan farmed 2,225,000 tonnes of marine fish. Yet the final figure of farmed marine fish (excluding Milkfish) actually in a marine environment is as low as 22,000 tonnes. “Compare this to Norway’s production of 1,300,000 tonnes of salmonid in sea cages in 2012 under more hostile climatic conditions and having a population of only five million when compared with South East Asia’s 620 million,” says Neils Svennevig.

Milkfish most farmed

The most farmed marine fish is Milkfish with a production of 900 000 tonnes/year, one of the few farmed, omnivore marine fish which Neils felt needed more attention as currently it is mainly sold in regional/ domestic and ethnic-expat markets. If heat treated in the processing

then the whole fish including bone can be eaten – an excellent source of calcium. Highlighting that new farmed marine fish are being tested (Cobia; Barramundi /Asian Seabass; ; Groupers; Pompano; Yellowtails) Neils queried what the competitive edge was in these areas. “Looking in a broader context than only farmed fish of marine origin,” Neils said, “Farmed tropical carnivorous marine fish cannot compete with costs of farmed omnivorous tropical freshwater fish like the current 4.4 million tonnes Tilapia and 1.6 million tonnes Pangasius, which suggests farmed marine fish can only enter the high-price segment, which is limited in volume.” Neils continued, “One of the major challenges to marine fish farming in South East Asia is that most potential farmed species presently does not have a large ‘global’ market willing to pay the price of a farmed marine fish unknown to the consumer.

Adding Value

cover artwork courtesy of AZTI-Tecnalia

Donostia – San Sebastián SPAIN October 14-17, 2014 www.easonline.org

Organised by the European Aquaculture Society in cooperation with AZTI-Tecnalia

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 45

“Demand (food security) is forecasted to increase significantly and this will eventually create the market for tropical large-volume farmed marine fish species, because South East Asia is the region in the world with the largest unexploited marine areas of prime conditions for marine fish farming, thus holding the potential to become the seafood basket of Asia.” Neils said, ’There are two marketing strategies, namely A: Focus on competitive edge of the specific marine fish farmed – i.e. the regional markets! And B: if the species qualifies for the sashimi segment, chances are good in the global market as this high-price segment is increasingly in global demand also among youth.” Challenging the audience Neils concluded ‘It is not a lack of available, appropriate technology which is holding back such development but a lack of risk management (good practices) and a lack of marketing".

INDUSTRY EVENTS Monaco Blue Initiative hosted in Latin America conser vation.org/projects/pages/ ocean-health-index.aspx ). The Ocean Health Index identifies people as part of a humanocean ecosystem and is the first assessment tool that scientifically measures key elements from all dimensions of the ocean’s health — biological, physical, economic and social — to assess how sustainably people are using the ocean. More than 65 scientists and par tners worked together to develop the Index, which provides an annual assessment of ocean health using information from over 100 scientific databases.

Sustainable aqaculture in America

Invited delegates pose for a photo at the 5th Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI), held for the first time in Santiago, Chile. The event was presided over by H.S.H. Prince Albert II of Monaco (centre front)

INDUSTRY EVENTS

he fifth edition of the Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI), held for the first time in Latin America - Santiago, Chile - was and interesting event which created some excellent debate and, hopefully, better understanding of some of the issues for the future of the ocean. Presided over by H.S.H. Prince Alber t II of Monaco, who founded the MBI in 2010 to address overfishing and environmental mismanagement, this year's conference discussed several high impact topics during the concentrated day-and-a-half event, including aquaculture, governance on the high seas and how to manage Marine Protected Areas so they are financed over time and include local populations. The MBI is a platform coorganised by the Oceanographic Institute, and the Prince Alber t II of Monaco Foundation works as a platform for exchange between different sectors of activity and stakeholders concerned with the

utilisation of the ocean. The aim is to create synergies between stakeholders concerned with the protection of marine ecosystems and socio-economic development by bringing together economic , political, scientific and environmental exper ts to discuss common issues towards improved ocean protection. During the event Prince Alber t II of Monaco met with Chilean President Michelle Bachelet for preliminar y talks about the International Marine Protected Areas Congress which Chile will host in 2017. This congress will bring together major marineconservation players around the world to promote cooperation and initiatives to ‘save’ the world’s oceans. Chile’s coastline stretches more than 6400kms (3700 miles), and is taking a leader ship role in the region due to the importance of the fishing and aquaculture industry in the country. The oppor tunity to highlight Chilean experiences in salmon aquaculture, the development of Marine Protected Areas and regulation

of the high seas waters was taken at MBI.

Invitation only

The MBI conference was an invite only event and brought together nearly 50 influential leaders in ocean science and conservation, industr y and government from places as far as French Polynesia, Europe, Nor th America, Costa Rica and Australia. For some par ticipants it was a chance to build on recent momentum in ocean conser vation, included the Our Ocean conference in June and last week's release of the 18-month long study by the Global Ocean Commission (https://s3.amazonaws.com/missionocean_www_uploads/reports/ GOC+Full+Repor t.pdf ) along with involvement by new state actors in these efforts.

Ocean Health Index

Proceedings got under way at an evening function at Club de la Union where amongst a number of announcements was a film narrated by Harrison Ford about the ‘Ocean Health Index’ (see http://www.

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 46

After the opening addresses by H.E. Bernard Fautrier and Robert Calcagno for the MBI and Marcelo Mena representing the Chilean Government the first session was under way. This was ‘Sustainable Aquaculture in America: Current Status and Feedback’ with panelists Daniel Pauly, Roy Palmer, Victor Gallardo, Matias Medina, Carlos Gallardo and facilitated by Juan Carlos Castilla. The importance of aquaculture in respect of food security and nutrition was a strong centre piece. The need of collaboration on responsible sustainability and productivity outcomes building capability and capacity in areas such as food safety, health control, improved feed stocks that do not compete with human foods, domestication and genetic improvement, integration models, improved linkages with food chain with due consideration to ecosystems integrity were all highlighted. It is an advantage to the antiseafood people to talk up ‘overfishing’ where as you could just as easily add the under-fished and fully fished fisheries and say 71.2 percent of the world’s fisheries are under-fished or fished at a sustainable level. Maybe this is something that

INDUSTRY EVENTS needs review as it does always give a negative view. There are pockets of the world which need attention in fisheries management and there are pockets of the world which need to be praised for their actions and activities. Ignoring the good and concentrating on the bad was considered something that needed attention. It was noted that fisheries and aquaculture is responsible for the livelihoods of some 1-1.5 million people, something between 12-15 percent of the world’s population, and 40 percent of the world’s population lives within 100km (62 miles) of shoreline.

Eradicating poverty

Dan Laffoley facilitated the ‘Social and Economic Development in Marine Protected Areas (MPA)’ with panelists Anthony Leclen, Christophe Lefebvre, Tearii Alpha, Sandra Bassudo and Alejandro Fugueroa. The main emphasis centered on eradicating pover ty, integrating local communities, broader strategic approach with creation of road maps and goals and an amazing story about school children taking charge of a MPA in French Polynesia. After a great lunch of Chilean Salmon we entered into the session built around the Global Ocean Commission which was facilitated by Andres Velasco and consisted of panelists Jose-Maria Figueres, Jose Retamales, Kristina Gjerdes, Sylvia Earle, Stephanie Belna and Karen Sack. Comments were strongly in favour of action against Illegal, Unregulated and Unrepor ted (IUU) fishing, creation of the ocean’s own development goal, stronger governance on high seas, stopping all fishing subsidies and redirecting them to positive actions and an independent accountability board.

Finacing MPAs

The final session was facilitated by Sebastian Troeng on ‘Financing Mechanisms in Marine Protected Areas’ and consisted panelists MariaJose Gonzales, Charlotte Gobin, Philippe Mondielli and Matt Rand. Much focus was on ensuring there were strategic plans with strong

outcomes as there were many examples of funds being wasted. The need to engage the community was emphasised and possible positive case studies recorded so that these can be promoted. There was an open question to the floor looking for ideas to engage the world and the only one coming forward was to get some agreement to stop fireworks at Christmas/New Year and to utilise the funds into ocean activities with some promotion about the need to do this.

The world´s leading trade fair for animal production

Degradation does not wait

Overall there was some recognition that degradation of the oceans will not wait for agreements to be signed for its protection and sustainable utilisation. The ocean is changing rapidly, generally quicker than governments can work and thinkers/leaders need to imagine the challenges that have yet to face and take pro-active actions. Leaders must also use their positions to communicate the need to explore and study and responsibly use of what some call the "blue hear t" of the planet because it is the potential for many countries for food security and nutrition. Mr Palmer had pointed out that the world is not meeting its obligations now as an estimated 842 million people are chronically hungry. In Latin America the figure is about 50 million people or eight percent of the population. At the top of our minds that people are dying daily as a result of hunger and malnutrition and a child dies every six seconds due to malnutrition.

Final word

We leave the final words to His Serene Highness Prince Alber t II of Monaco who told par ticipants in his closing remarks at Santiago's former National Congress building that, "There is also a unique opportunity to build a better world. But,” he added, "we can't expect to fight threats to the ocean if we cannot fight poverty. The sea offers myriad opportunities if we care for it in a more manageable way. Think about what comes next," he said. "When tomorrow comes how are we going to pursue the objectives that brought us here today?"

Fish & More Marketplace for Aquaculture 11 – 14 November 2014 Hanover, Germany Innovations for modern ﬁsh farming and water treatment New practical approaches for practical applications at Forum Aquaculture Answers to your questions at the Aquaculture Advisory Centre Get-together for the industry Showcase “Growth in Water” www.eurotier.com/aquaculture Hotline: +49 69 24788-265 E-Mail: expo@DLG.org

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 47

Dieses Projekt This project is wird von derco-fi Europäischen being nanced Gemeinschaft by the European kofinanziert. Community

including

Decentral

Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group)

Additives Chemoforma +41 61 8113355 www.chemoforma.com Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

www.stifnet.com

Westeel

VAV

+1 204 233 7133

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Elevator & Conveyor Components 4B Braime +44 113 246 1800

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www.liptosa.com

www.sonac.biz

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www.tsc-silos.com

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STIF

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Enzymes

Conveyors

Ab Vista

Vigan Enginnering

+44 1672 517 650

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Analysis R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com +43 2272 6153310

www.buhlergroup.com

Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

Animal Health & Nutrition

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Amino acids

JEFO

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Romer Labs www.romerlabs.com

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Equipment for sale ExtruTech Inc

Satake

+1 785 284 2153

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Computer software

Event organisers

Adifo NV

Eurasia Trade Fairs

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Cenzone

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Format International Ltd

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Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl

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Elevator buckets Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com 48 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl Insta-Pro International +1 515 254 1260 www.insta-pro.com Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com Zheng Chang +86 21 64188282 www.zhengchang.com

Palletisers

Feed Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com

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www.ehcolo.com

www.kepler.com.br Obial

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Wynveen International B.V.

Kepler Weber Group

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Novus www.novusint.com

Silos Ehcolo A/S

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www.payper.com

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Pellet binders

MYSILO

Akzo Nobel

+31 26 47 90 699

+90 382 266 2245

+46 303 850 00

www.wynveen.com

www.mysilo.com

www.bredol.com

Hatchery products

Symaga

Borregaard LignoTech

+34 91 726 43 04

+47 69 11 80 00

Reed Mariculture

www.symaga.com

+1 877 732 3276

www.lignotechfeed.com

www.reed-mariculture.com

PellTech

Tornum AB

+47 69 11 80 00

+46 512 29100

www.pelltech.org

www.tornum.com

Laboratory equipment Bastak +90 312 395 67 87

Pest control

+1 402 434 9102

+886 2226 96789 www.fine-tek.com

+33 2 97 89 25 30

www.rentokil.co.uk

www.aqualabo.fr

Pipe systems

Agromatic

Jacob Sohne

www.binmaster.com FineTek Co., Ltd

Aqualabo

+44 0800 917 1987

Level measurement BinMaster Level Controls

Sensors

Rentokil Pest Control

www.bastak.com.tr

+41 55 2562100

+49 571 9580

www.agromatic.com

www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

Dol Sensors

Used around all industrial Plants sectors.

+45 721 755 55 www.dol-sensors.com

Andritz

Fr. Jacob Sรถhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

Vega

Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu+45

72 160300

www.andritz.com

+44 1444 870055 www.vega.com/uk

Moisture analyzers

+31 318 545 754

+41 71 955 11 11

www.dishman-netherlands.com

+33 14 1475045

Muyang Group

www.chopin.fr

+86 514 87848880

Doescher & Doescher GmbH +49 4087976770

Probiotics

www.nir-online.de

Packaging

Vacines

Recruitment JCB Consulting

www.seedburo.com

+49 6227 732668

+44 7805 092067 www.cbpackaging.com Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com Ugur Makina +90 (364) 235 00 26 www.ugurmakina.com

Ridgeway Biologicals +44 1635 579516 www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

Vacuum

+44 161 427 2402

Wynveen International B.V.

www.jcb-consulting.com

+31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Rolls Leonhard Brietenbach +49 271 3758 0 www.breitenbach.de OJ Hojtryk +45 7514 2255

CB Packaging

www.nabim.org.uk

www.biomin.net

+1 312 738 3700

NIR-Online

+44 2074 932521

+43 2782 803 0

Seedburo

NIR systems

nabim

Biomin

Hydronix www.hydronix.com

Training

www.muyang.com

www.doescher.com

+44 1483 468900

Dishman

Buhler AG www.buhlergroup.com

CHOPIN Technologies

Shrimp feed additives

www.oj-hojtryk.dk

Safety equipment

Weighing equipment Parkerfarm Weighing Systems +44 1246 456729 www.parkerfarm.com

Yeast products Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030

Rembe

www.leibergmbh.de

+49 2961 740 50

Lesaffre Feed Additives

www.rembe.com

Second hand equipment Sanderson Weatherall +44 161 259 7054 www.sw.co.uk

+33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr

To include your company in the International Aquafeed market place in print, and a company page on our website contact Tom Blacker. +44 1242 267700 โ ข tomb@perendale.co.uk

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 49

The aquafeed interview

The aquafeed interview O

nur Emre Solak is the Country Manager of Pharmaq in Turkey. Pharmaq are best known as one of the biggest fish health and vaccine solution providers and is best known as one of the biggest fish health and vaccine solution providers.. It provides environmentally sound, safe and efficacious health products to the global aquaculture industry through targeted research. Pharmaq’s vaccines are manufactured in a state-of-the-art production facility in Overhalla, Norway. Administration and Research and Development activities are based in Oslo, Norway. With subsidiaries in Chile, United Kingdom, Vietnam and Turkey, Pharmaq has around 165 employees. Our products are marketed in Europe, North and South America and Asia through an extensive network of distributors and wholesalers.

When did you begin with Pharmaq and when did Pharmaq begin in Turkish aquaculture? I have been with Pharmaq since 2011’s establishment of the company. Pharmaq achieved its first license to operate in Turkey in November 2013 and then brought the first product of Alpha Ject 2000 to the Turkish market in January 2013. Since December 2013 another product came to market and we are working on others also. I work closely with Donald Campbell, Sales and Business Manager for the Mediterranean region and Norwegian colleagues as well.

Which regions do you serve, and how much of the market do you serve?

Dr Pedro Encarnação, Biomin

For the marine species , 30 percent of our customers are in the Izmir region and 70 percent are in the Bodrum region in Turkey. From June to November, we call it the ‘vaccination season’ and so we travel and meet with customers all around the region.

How does the operation work in Turkey? What species are most common to vaccinate? Seabass, seabream and trout are the main species. The operations are well-rounded in that these are quality products for farmers, along with education, guidance and follow up visits from Turkish staff. However, there are several farms in Iran located along one river which we count as our customers. We are trying to improve the bio-security problems learnt in Chile and its sea-lice problems and prevent them from taking place here.

Where is Turkey compared to Europe on aquaculture disease management? What are the current challenges? The general trend in Turkey has been of developing resistance to health problems and this is now done through vaccination rounds. Comparing Turkey with Norway shows that Turkey is at the early 1990s stage with the use of antibiotics compared to vaccinations. The general trend has been to use antibiotics in the past. A proactive approach has been taken in Turkey to prevent diseases. As antibiotics are phased out and replaced by vaccination the level of disease is expected to drop dramatically in future.

What after-sales support does Pharmaq offer? Pharmaq visits customers on their fish farms for follow-up support of all kinds. Both local and the Norwegian Pharmaq personnel visit regularly to develop the products for the regional challenges.

In simple terms, what is the overall plan for Pharmaq’s development in Turkey? We will build to a point where our Mediterranean team acts as a hub for the region through Turkey for the Turkish Republics and the Middle East.

How is Turkish aquaculture working with European, middle Eastern or Asian fish farmers from your point-of-view in the development of health in fish? And where is assistance mainly coming from for the growing Turkish fish farming market - is it through know-how, academic research, training and education, investments, technology and equipment? Currently, there is not much of a serious study for fish health in Turkey, but since our market is global most of the farm investments are importing all kind of technology from the pioneer countries in aquaculture. For health management, we are doing the best we can by following up new diseases and current situations. We are also working in a close relationship with authorities and some universities but I can say that academically Turkey still has some miles to cover in disease management, especially with regard to bio-security at farms. Off-shore fish farming was a good step taken also for the health management combined with other necessities such as water flow and depth. Turkey does not have separate guidelines for fish health other than for farmed animals. But considering the new regulations launched by the Ministry of Agriculture, such as pharmaq-vigilance, we believe soon we will have a upper-scale system for monitoring and controlling aquaculture health system nationwide.

50 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

An extended version of this interview can be found on the Aquaculturists blog.

July-August 2014 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | 51

AQUACULTURE

INDUSTRY FACES New Director of Research and Development at Zeigler Bros

eigler Bros. Inc has hired Dr Craig L. Browdy as Director of Research and Development. The experience that Dr Browdy brings to this position will further strengthen the company’s product and technology development programs. With greater emphasis on R&D, Zeigler anticipates continued leadership in the development and commercialisation of feeds and technologies to support responsible expansion of profitable aquaculture systems worldwide. Tim Zeigler, Vice President, Sales and Marketing explained, “Scientific innovation has always been at the heart of our corporate culture, and we see continuing investment in this area as a key component of our future growth strategies.” Dr Browdy has over 30 years experience in aquaculture, managing commercial, academic, and government research programs. A past president of the World Aquaculture Society, Dr Browdy’s research has focused on the application of aquaculture technologies to improve availability of seafood resources. His work has applied basic science and innovative technology development to commercialisation of new products, advancement of production systems and improvement of fish and shrimp health and nutrition. “I’m looking forward to working with the Zeigler team to further the development of aquaculture and to make contributions to the application of effective products and technologies for Zeigler customers worldwide,” he says. Zeigler is a technology-based feed manufacturer, with a strong emphasis on customer satisfaction and nutritional innovation for all stages of aquaculture development.The company reaches global markets through its franchising program and worldwide distribution network. In 2013, it was awarded for its excellence in exporting by the US Department of Commerce. Zeigler has a dedicated team specialising in aquaculture production, feed processing, nutrition, biology and international logistics. Knowledgeable and passionate employees are absolutely essential to the company’s highly diverse and unique product offerings. “We see Craig’s hiring enhancing our executive leadership team and reinforcing our commitment to continued excellence in research and technical service,” says Tim Markey, Director of Nutrition.

Ms Marie Smedley gives winning presentation at Aquaculture UK

nternational Aquafeed attended all six conference at Aquaculture UK 2014, hosted by Novartis, and which featured talks by PhD and Masters students from Scottish universities. The winning presentation was delivered by Ms Marie Smedley entitled 'Nutrition as a tool to improve performance in Triploid Atlantic salmon (salmo salar) in freshwater and seawater production.' Ms Smedley if studying at the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland. She is completing a PhD study into Atlantic salmon Triploids. Sponsoring this study were Biomar and Marine Harvest Scotland. Triploids are sterile fish which have three chromosomes in their genetic make up and can be seen as sustainable to farm commercially. The fish are still not perfect because they display reduced tolerance to sub-optimal environments, she told her audience. However, she understands that it is not a sustainable solution in terms of cost to farm on a larger scale. Ms Smedley believes that Triploids and phosphorus to be a winning combination; she explained that their phosphorous requirement must be met from the diet and cannot be met by freshwater or seawater environments.

Howard Dryden, Chairman and Founder of Dryden Aqua wins award

arlier this year Dr Howard Dryden, Chairman and Founder of Scottish company Dryden Aqua Ltd, was presented with the Director award for Sustainability Leadership by The Institute of Directors. Dryden Aqua was founded by Dr Dryden in 1980. Over the years those at the company have dedicated their time and energy to making the world a better place through specialising in water quality and innovative treatment technology. The company has recently set up Eco-India, a project looking to pose a solution to arsenic-affected water stressed regions of India.

AB Vista appointments Bela Szalmas as business manager

s part of its continuing expansion into Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), AB Vista has appointed Bela Szalmas to the newly created role of Business Manager for Hungary, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Serbia and Croatia.The move follows the recent European launch of the revolutionary Quantum Blue phytase, and the ongoing success of the next generation xylanase Econase XT. Bringing a wealth of experience in animal nutrition and technical feed additives to the role, Mr Szalmas joins AB Vista from DuPont, where he was business manager for a number of countries in the region. A graduate from the University of Debrecen’s Department of Agricultural Sciences, he has also previously worked for Panadditiv, the distributor for AB Vista products in a number of the countries for which he is now responsible as a dedicated AB Vista Business Manager. “We’re delighted to welcome Bela to the team, and I have no doubt that his experience in the region – and with our products – will be invaluable in the development of AB Vista business in CEE,” states Ari Kiviniemi, AB Vista’s Global Sales Director. “Having the right expertise on the ground is critical, and a large part of Bela’s role will be to help customers get the maximum value out of AB Vista products and services as we expand sales in the region.” 52 | INTERNATIONAL AQUAFEED | July-August 2014

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