Aug 2017 - International Aquafeed magazine

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

The DTPod - 360 degree viewing camera

International Aquafeed - Volume 20 - Issue 8 - August 2017

- Effective bacterial pathogen control - Climate change - Ensuring sustainable fish production in Europe - Aquafeed extrusion special - Oxygenation in intensive commercial fish farms - Expert topic - Rainbow trout Proud supporter of Aquaculture without Frontiers UK CIO

August 2017

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CONTENTS August 2017 Volume 20 Issue 8

Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk Editor Prof Simon Davies simond@aquafeed.co.uk Associate Editor Dr Albert Tacon albertt@perendale.co.uk International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.co.uk Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.co.uk Editorial Advisory Panel • Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed • Prof António Gouveia • Prof Charles Bai • Dr Colin Mair • Dr Daniel Merrifield • Dr Dominique Bureau • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman • Dr Kim Jauncey • Dr Eric De Muylder • Dr Pedro Encarnação • Dr Mohammad R Hasan Editorial team Rhiannon White rhiannonw@perendale.co.uk Zasha Whiteway-Wilkinson zashaw@perendale.co.uk Alex Whitebrook alexw@perendale.co.uk International Marketing Team Darren Parris darrenp@perendale.co.uk Tom Blacker tomb@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Iván Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.co.uk New Zealand Marketing Team

Expanding aquaculture

Aquaculture is expanding almost everywhere. While high-quality and balanced feed rations are an essential component in the successful growing of fish in captivity, there are other aspects of fish farming that need to be considered if we are to provide consumers with a product they value and wish to buy. Therefore, IAF has, over recent months, expanded its editorial coverage to embrace more activities involved in fish farming. As a result we have updated our cover this month to reflect that development and introduced a ‘reference panel’ on the Editor’s page to identify the four areas our magazine now covers: aquafeeds, feed equipment, fish farming technology and species.

FEATURES

REGULAR ITEMS

14 Feeding system for larvae and juveniles

Peter Parker peterp@perendale.co.uk Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu nathann@perendale.co.uk

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Photoshoot

42 Industry Events

52 The Market Place

54 The Aquafeed Interview

Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan tutit@perendale.co.uk

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Industry Faces

16 Prevent disease outbreaks through effective bacterial pathogen control

18 Climate change - Ensuring sustainable fish production in Europe 26 AQUAFEED EXTRUSION

Part 1: Learning extrusion techniques from the master Part 2: Extrusion process and technologies

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY COLUMNS

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©Copyright 2017 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.

More information can be found at www.perendale.com Perendale Publishers Ltd also publish ‘The International Milling Directory’ and ‘The Global Miller’ news service

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28 Expert Topic - Rainbow Trout

Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk

Development Manager Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk

Industry News

Ioannis Zabetakis

Janice Spencer

34 Transforming connectivity with 'Live Remote Viewing' 38 Oxygenation in intensive commercial fish farms using Oxyflow® 40 360 degree viewing camera - The DTPod

Croeso - welcome International Aquafeed Editor Professor Simon Davies

I have returned to Plymouth where I lived for 31 years having been in Wales on a short trip to Swansea my home city.

There are new developments in Wales concerning aquaculture and potential for new investment and opportunities especially in the Aquafeed sector. I will

report on this in a later edition.

Having also come back from South Africa from The World Aquaculture Society meeting in Cape Town, it was indeed exciting and informative. My own more detailed report and outlook is featured in the current issue and it was such a pleasure to meet with new people and also catch up with long lost friends.

My research has been also been keeping me most active with the completion of two quite laborious feeding trials with salmonids and studies being conducted in Pakistan on carp and tilapia in Africa. There is so much to do and very key involvements for me in Europe on a new single cell algal development and invertebrate meals for aquaculture with emphasis on functionality, gut immunity and health as key drivers for investment.

There is also a project to make universities as we know it rather redundant by making direct investments in stakeholders (students) based on apprenticeships and using commercial sector resources and other course and module validation mechanisms. Since the cost of higher education is mainly channelled around middle management structures there is much scope to avoid these constraints and support student and teacher directly in a new platform befitting the 21st Century and on line curriculums and practical experience.

We know that fish farming isn’t to everyone’s taste and that widespread criticisms do occur sporadically and

unfortunately consistently form some quarters. However the salmon farming industry was the subject of a rather negative article in the British Press last month with several areas being highlighted and with health of fish, feed composition being particularly mentioned.

There are indeed some major concerns facing the industry such the question of sea lice and environmental impact and potential escapees from farms as well as aspects of disease management.

Some concerns are fair points but we must face the challenge of more positive engagement and deal with the press face on! I have yet to see any major initiatives to produce a TV Documentary on Aquaculture with all its virtues and benefits to the world and with a balance to include all the issues and problems we are attempting to solve through active research and development.

Turning to the current issue we have many in-depth features covering a wide range of topics with a nice focus on extrusion this month, both a feature from the Philippine Livestock exhibition on the “Extrusion process and technologies”, as well as extrusion expert Joe Kearns based on “Aquatic products and trends.”

As you may have noticed we are also working on really developing our technology section of the magazine to give more of a brawn behind the brain side of aquaculture. In these articles they come with some really lovely images too, one of which you may notice made our front cover this month. From oxygenation to a 360 degree viewing camera and even live remote viewing, it really is amazing to see how far we have come.

Finally we join Aller Aqua Zambia this month with an interview with Leon Günther, CEO. Given that the company is set to make a big headway in the development of Aquaculture in Africa I think you’ll really enjoy this particular interview.

Enjoy August and if you are in the Northern Hemisphere the high summer!

Professor Simon Davies

The team from International Aquafeed will be in Trondheim, Norway, for AquaNor 2017 between 15-18 August 2017 Magazine distribution will be from the media table, and find us in the conferences and exhibition halls!

IN THIS ISSUE FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

AQUAFEED SYSTEMS: Feeding system for larvae and juveniles - page 14

ROV: Transforming connectivity with Live Remote Viewing - page 34

PATHOGENS: Prevent disease outbreaks through effective bacterial pathogen control - page 16

OXYGENATION: Oxygenation in intensive commercial fish farms using Oxyflow® - page 38

FEED EQUIPMENT

SPECIES

EXTRUSION PART 1: Aquafeed Extrusion - page 22

EXPERT TOPIC: Rainbow Trout - page 28

EXTRUSION PART 2: Aquafeed Extrusion - page 24

Rainbow trout is a species endemic to the Pacific drainages of North America. Overtime trout populations have been established all over the world, on all continents excluding Antarctica, becoming popular for both recreational fishing and aquaculture.

www.aquafeed.co.uk

International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 3

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dvances in technology by BioMar and a high priced fish oil and fishmeal market have enabled the BioMar Group to average a below one FIFO ratio (Fish-In:Fish-Out) for its raw material usage in 2016 for the first time.

This is one of the many findings revealed in the yearly sustainability report.

BioMar Group have released their annual Sustainability Report. Last year’s report achieved a “Top five percent” status

by Seafood Intelligences’ independent benchmarking report, World’s Top 100 Seafood Firms in Sustainability Reporting and Transparency.

The report this year is aligned with the UN Sustainable Development Goals and includes the results of an extensive materiality assessment undertaken by the company during 2016.

They have over several years aimed to take the lead in researching alternative materials for fish oil and fishmeal including plant proteins and marine ingredients like micro algae.

New alternative raw materials as well as high prices of fish oil and fishmeal in 2016 made it possible to formulate price competitive, high performance feed with a low FIFO ratio.

This years report showcases a few of these stories including the partnership with Aker BioMarine in the sustainable harvesting krill from the lower trophic levels and an article on novel sources of marine omega-3s.

CEO Carlos Diaz, of BioMar Group states that the company will continue its search for innovative and sustainable solutions to issues facing the industry.

“Although it is unlikely that BioMar will achieve such a good FIFO ratio every year due to ever changing market conditions, this is a major milestone and shows that we are progressing towards an industry where sustainable and high performance alternatives to fish oil and fishmeal are accessible and becoming commercially viable”.

It indicates that sustainable issues and product development as well as minimising the environmental footprint and supporting human rights. However to align internal ambitions with external expectation the company has chosen to conduct an extensive external materiality assessment with stakeholders from the industry.

Vidar Gundersen, Global Sustainability Director, BioMar Group explained, “Sustainability is a very broad topic so it’s essential to us to understand what sustainability means to our stakeholders and what they expect from us. We have been out listening to the world around us and based on the feedback we have developed a materiality matrix that will guide our sustainability agenda.”

He continues, “To us it is vital to be aligned with the industry as well as the global sustainability agenda. We have this year been taking a deep dive into the UN Sustainable Development Goals with particular focus on ‘life below water’ and ‘life on land’ for responsible sourcing of raw materials. Working in the field of sustainability is a never ending quest for taking care of the world around us and supporting the future generations. We simply need to be ambitious because it is the right thing to do”.

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“Below one FIFO ratio”

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Supporting Vietnamese aquaculture growth through local investment

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kretting have opened a new state-of-the-art shrimp feed plant as part of its commitment to the country and the broader Southeast Asia region.

A new, dedicated aquaculture feed plant has been constructed and opened in the Mekong Delta by Skretting Vietnam to help the country’s fastgrowing shrimp farming sector reach its full potential.

The 23,000 square metre facility, which has an initial annual capacity of 60,000 tonnes of feed, is located within the Thuan Dao Industrial Zone, Long An, for the convenience of local customers as well as to make best use of the transport links to other important farming provinces in the Mekong Delta.

More than 600 guests, partners and investors, and many local farmers, attended the plant’s official opening ceremony on June 23, 2017.

At this event, they were given guided tours of the facility and heard senior executives underline the company’s commitment to helping progress aquaculture development in Vietnam and across the wider Southeast Asian region through the provision of high-quality feeds and unprecedented technical support, which are largely made possible through its world-class R&D. Welcoming guests at the opening ceremony, Marc Le Poul, General Manager of Skretting South Asia commented, “Building on several years of experience operating in Vietnam, we feel that 2017 is the year for our ambition to reach new heights: New heights in terms of delivering innovation and best product performance to our customers; and new heights in term of providing best standard of working environment for our employees.”

Mr Le Poul added, “In recent years, Skretting has been actively promoting our feed-to-food safety commitment to the market. This is because we are dedicated and proud to provide additional value to our customers.

Aligned with the trust that our traceability systems have achieved,

we have shown that working with them adds both value and trust in even the most demanding markets.”

The new plant will adhere to the same robust standards, support and ways of working that are in place at all other locations operated by Skretting and parent company Nutreco. As well as incorporating state-of-the-art technology that has been specifically designed in line with the company’s strict health and safety standards; the facility also houses a special system to produce Skretting’s unique functional health feed for shrimp, Lorica.

Alex Obach, Managing Director at Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC), the global research organisation for Skretting, informed guests that Lorica’s complex profile of innovative functional ingredients is designed to shield shrimp during challenging phases in their lifecycle, including transfer and handling.

Furthermore, its unique formulation delivers invaluable support to the defence mechanisms of these animals, enabling them to better cope with stress factors.

He remarked, “We believe in Vietnam, and because we believe in Vietnam, we also want to increase our innovation efforts in the region with the construction of a new station in the coming months. Together with you, the local producers, we want to ensure a brilliant future for aquaculture in Vietnam and in Asia.”

On behalf of the Nutreco Executive Committee, Samson Li, Managing Manager of Nutreco Asia, shared details of the company-wide mission of ‘Feeding the Future’ as well as its dedication to supporting the sustainable growth of the global fish, shrimp and animal farming sectors 4 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

with high-quality products and services.

He explained, “Building this new state-of-the-art plant in Vietnam underlines the strong commitment that we have long shown to our customers in this very important country. This investment will be a vital contributor to the progress of Vietnam’s aquaculture industry and meeting the dietary needs of its fast growing population. We shall continue to provide you with all the knowledge and support that you will need to take this industry forward into a new golden age.”

Vietnam became part of the company in 2010 through the acquisition of Tomboy Aquafeed JSC, a Vietnamese fish and shrimp feed company. In the seven years since the purchase, Skretting Vietnam has fully embedded the Skretting culture into all of its operations – from research and raw material procurement to products and services for aquaculture.

The company takes a role with regards to improving the lives and social circumstances of local communities. As such, it has implemented many non-commercial initiatives, such as meaningful donations to underprivileged school children, including funding a scholarship programme for children of low-income families.

It has also funded the construction of much-needed local infrastructure, including building four bridges in remote farming areas. These and other important interactions demonstrate that Skretting Vietnam and the broader group is much more than a feed supplier and an employer, it is a major supporter of farmers and the communities in which it belongs.

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CREATE, NURTURE, AND GROW AQUACULTURE International Aquafeed’s “Aquaculture photography competition” Photographers everywhere are invited to submit digital photographic work on the theme of ‘Create, Nurture and Grow Aquaculture’.

International Aquafeed is holding it’s second ‘Aquaculture digital photography competition’ to promote and support the charity Aquaculture without Frontiers CIO UK. Submissions are still being accepted for the foreseeable future, fixed date to be announced in next month’s issue of International Aquafeed.

Aquaculture is rapidly being seen as the way forward for a safe food future. Once looked upon with mistrust, now consumers are starting to see the industry as the only way they want to eat their fish.

International Aquafeed magazine aims to continue to boost aquacultures reputation and reflect the best image of our industry and what better way to do that than through photography?

Funds raised through the 2017 competition will go to the charity we support, Aquaculture without Frontiers CIO UK, to support small-scale aquaculture production in communities in developing countries.”

Works will be enlarged and reproduced to the scale of approximately 20” x 30”. Therefore, the submitted work must be of sufficiently high quality (eg. sharp, clear, good contrast, well-exposed) for reproduction and printing process.

An industry panel will carry out an initial judging.

The final 20 works will be viewed by a ‘Judges Panel’ comprised of three judges who will be looking for images that illustrate the aquaculture theme in interesting ways that engage the viewer; originality and creativity, image quality and overall artistic merit.

If your entry is judged in the top three by the Selection and Judges Panel you will be awarded one of three prizes.

PRIZES 1ST PRIZE – IPAD PRO 12.9-INCH (128GB) 2ND PRIZE – US$500 3RD PRIZE – US$300 Winning photographs will be printed as posters and showcased at the European Aquaculture Society’s Dubrovnik 2017 Conference to be held in Croatia on October 17-19, 2017.

Terms and Conditions Entry: Free of charge Eligibility: Open to all photographers, amateur to professionals worldwide Submissions: Your entries must be sent by email to: photocomp@aquafeed.co.uk For more information and full terms and conditions visit: www.aquafeed.co.uk/photocomp17

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Ioannis Zabetakis

Food security and …olives y relationship with olives is a precious one. I have some memorable events in this path: reading about olive oil when I was a primary school student, analysing olive oil in my BSc years, planting my own olive trees in our garden and then talking to my kids about Olympic Games and olives where the winners were not given any medals but an olive wreath.

In my Academic research later, I developed a long standing interest in the byproducts of olive industry and olive pomace (OP) in particular. OP is the main agricultural by-product of olive industry; because of its nature, it is a major environmental issue for all the olive-producing countries. Research on the wastemanagement issues of OP has been active over the 15 years and all the available data suggest that OP could be exploited as an alternative dietary lipid source in compounded fish feeds resulting in the formulation of functional fish feeds and aquacultured fish according to the EU legislation (EC 1924/2006). Moreover OP can also be used in agriculture by inclusion in animal feeds without attenuating animal performance and meat quality. We have developed a patented novel fish feed and fish based on the valorisation of OP (Nasopoulou et al., 2011).

In some exciting relevant developments, the potential of dry olive cake in a practical diet for juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aereus, has been recently reported (Harmantepe et al., 2016). A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of olive cake (OC) on growth, feed utilisation, digestibility of nutrient, haematological values and some blood chemistry parameters of juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × Oreochromis aereus). The best feed conversion rate and protein efficiency rate were obtained from the fish fed with the control and OC12 diets. Growth performance, feed conversion rate and protein efficiency rate of fish fed diets with OC incorporation levels of more than 12 percent tended to decrease significantly (P < 0.05) compared to the control and OC12 diet groups. The findings of that study suggest that OC can be incorporated to diets of juvenile hybrid tilapia up to 120 g kg−1 without any adverse effect on fish growth and feed utilisation (Harmantepe et al., 2016).

The future challenges would be to exploit OP and OC further in salmonids. If you are interested in developing a research project along these lines, I would be delighted to hear from you. Enjoy the summer!

Further reading

Harmantepe, F.B., Aydin, F., Doğan, G., 2016. The potential of dry olive cake in a practical diet for juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x Oreochromis aereus.

Aquaculture Nutrition 22, 956-965.

Nasopoulou, C., Stamatakis, G., Demopoulos, C.A., Zabetakis, I., 2011. Effects of olive pomace and olice pomace oil on growth performance, fatty acid composition and cardio protective properties of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Food Chemistry 129, 1108-1113. @yanzabet Ioannis.zabetakis@ul.ie

Currently working on Food Lipids at the University of Limerick, Ireland, focusing on feeds, food and nutraceuticals against inflammation, Ioannis is a co-inventor in two patents, has edited a book on marine oils, and has published more than 60 peer-reviewed articles (h-index 19). He is currently writing a book on "The Impact of Nutrition and Statins on Cardiovascular Diseases" for Elsevier.

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Over one million live fish transported from Turkey to Oman by plane ılıç Holding has exported more than one million sea bream fish for the first time in Oman for the aquaculture fishery.

Kılıç Holding, which has attracted attention with its export of 142 million dollars in 2016, continues to increase its exports with the demand for live fish in the Gulf countries.

The company produces 50,000 tonnes of fish and exports 70 percent of its production annually. They have sent Oman 1.2 million sea bream for bone marrow as the first party. Their aim is to increase the exports over to each Gulf country.

Kılıç Deniz Ürünleri Hatcheries and Foreign Investments Director Serkan Ilgaz, who reports Turkey has become the market leader in seabream and seabass explained, “Our hatcheries in Muğla and Aydın produce 200-250 million seed fish a year. We cover half the seed fish production in Turkey. We had been exporting our fishes by seashipment until recently. However, we have started shipping to new markets we could not reach by sea via air-shipment. Interest in the live fish, especially having recently started in the Gulf countries, has moved us to action. We are exporting live fish to Tunisia, Oman and Saudi Arabia. We currently have 30 percent of the Tunisian market.

Last of all, we have made an export of seabream to Oman with the value of US$500,000, for their newly initiated aquaculture projects.

That this has been the first big-scale air-shipment of live fish to date, constitutes an important aspect of the export in question.”

Seed fish have diligently delivered in Oman

The seed fish brought from İzmir Adnan Menderes Airport from Milas’ land-hatchery have been transported to Oman by air-shipment.

Approximately 1.2 million seed fish weighing two grammes per fish were placed in boxes made of special plastic have been loaded on a plane equipped with oxygen tubes so as not to lower the oxygen value of the water. Due to the lack of hatchery in Oman, the fish will be sold after reaching 400 grammes upon one year’s care.

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The right tool for the job ommercial dive companies, law enforcement, Search and Rescue dive teams, and wreck hunters all rely upon a carefully chosen inventory of highly technical equipment to accomplish their goals in a safe, timely, economical and professional manner. Selecting the right tools for the job involves detailed planning and depends entirely upon what an organisation is searching for.

JW Fishers Mfg specialises in the manufacture of a diverse line of underwater search equipment.

Over the past 45 years, the company has worked to develop this inventory so that operators can focus on what’s considered important; the mission. Operators of all backgrounds repeatedly return for assistance in complex searches so that they may have these tools.

A few pieces from this purpose-based and highly technical inventory are JW Fishers’ handheld underwater metal detectors that can locate all metals. A diver who is using this equipment on their search can detect any buried object from guns, bullets, and cannons to rings, gold coins, and anchors.

Boat towed metal detectors allow the operator to search large areas in a short amount of time to locate anything from pipelines to shipwrecks. Remote Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are used to capture and record video footage underwater. These machines offer a high level of safety

as it reduces the need to employ divers. It also records a search for future review or inspection.

Sonar Systems such as Side Scan Sonar and Sector Scanning Sonar are very popular because they 'paint' a picture of the ocean floor; even in black water. They are extremely useful in locating sunken ships, downed aircraft, and in locating a drowning victim even in the harshest of environments. When searching primarily for ferrous objects (iron and steel), the best piece of equipment is Fisher’s magnetometer.

The advantage of a magnetometer is its greater detection envelope over a traditional metal detector and that it can search larger areas quickly and effectively. Pingers and receivers are also becoming a very popular tool with many teams because they provide the ability to mark and relocate underwater sites with ease.

One customer from the Carolina coast has been a longtime user of JW Fishers’ inventory. His ship is outfitted with multiple pieces of JWF equipment to include four Pulse 8X handheld underwater metal detectors, two boattowed metal detectors, a magnetometer, an ROV, and a Side Scan Sonar system. Over the years this explorer has located artefacts ranging from silver bars and cannons to old shipwrecks using JW Fishers’ “right tool for the job.”

This particular customer has also been hired to perform scientific research and has been featured on popular television shows throughout the years.

8 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 9

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Janice Spencer I would like to take this opportunity to thank the World Aquaculture Society members for all their hard efforts, time and promotion, in making this, the very first World Aquaculture Society event to be held in Cape Town, Africa in June of this year, such a rip roaring success.

The Aquaculture without Frontiers team were so pleased to be able to attend and have a stand at the event. Guests were provided to a plethora of Aquaculture stands, with information and technology second to none.

There were some excellent posters supplied by students that provided information for those attending, plus seminars and side shows.

The President of Guinea, Professor Alpha Conde and now President of the African Union, who is keen to promote aquaculture in Africa, was also due to attend and lend his support, and give and address to the audience, but unfortunately at the last moment was not able to attend.

Such was the importance of this event that Dr Ibriam Mayaki the Chief Executive of NEPAD, (New Partnership for Africaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Development) the lead agency of the African Union gave an excellent opening speech, and NEPAD were highly visible with a large stand at the event.

The event itself was held at the prestigious International Convention Centre held at the Waterfront in Cape Town, and until the very last few days looked like the attendance was going to be lower than hoped. Then on the first two days hundreds of people filed in and registered for the event, eventually making the total of attendance in the region of some 2,000 people, of which 1,300 of those were Africans, who had travelled from many of the 55 African Nations to visit the event.

It can take roughly eight hours to fly over the great continent of Africa, so one can imagine how far some of these African visitors had travelled in order to attend. Such was the enthusiasm of these visitors that we were inundated on the AwF stand with requests for help and information. We found that many of our visitors were from the volunteer sector too, and asked that they be put on a list to be contacted as soon as AwF projects were up and running.

Part of our mandate at AwF is to help smallholder fish farmers in any way possible whether it be to provide good quality feed, fish stocks or just provide advice and help on establishing a way a forward, like setting up ponds and similar activities.

Fish is one of the most nutritious foods in the world, and many Africans are without that vital nutrition at critical times in their lives, thereby leading to illness and the inability to reach certain critical growth stages for young children.

Infants and nursing mothers are particularly at risk from this lack of protein. The first 1,000 days of a childâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s life is a critical milestone and without that quality protein they do not have the same chance as any other child in the world. The African nation is a very young nation with the average age being of just 19 for the continent, and by that time many of the female population are pregnant or already have children. Indeed there is already

a nation of young children already born and in the coming decades will need employment.

Smallholder farms of which there are many are often left for the elderly, infirmed, or pregnant mothers to attend to and keep their family farming businesses going. The younger Africans head into the urban areas, because they believe this to be the only way forward. Indeed, many find that there are not the opportunities that they had expected, and thus they fall by the wayside in terms of fulfilling their dreams and useful work.

Africa itself has many resources, but Agriculture and Aquaculture have been neglected by national governments and the international community over a long period. Smallholder farmers and particularly women are often excluded from the development of agricultural policies and research programmes that effect their livelihoods.

Experience shows that smallholder farmer groups with appropriate financial, technical and social support from this majority can increase production and more importantly their incomes. Thereby increasing their economic viability and resilience to unexpected shocks caused by climate change, or changes in markets.

What is needed is a new insight into farming and if aquaculture and agriculture can be encouraged and the smallholder farmers can be given a step up the ladder then health and the accompanying happiness it brings will start to be enjoyed.

I am personally particularly keen on providing some support in the education of small children, as these will be the farmers of tomorrow, and children given the right opportunities are like sponges they suck up information they are interested in. It is my belief that they too need to be encouraged and taught that nutritionally fish and vegetables in say aquaponics run on solar power might be a way forward.

I also believe that African farmers above all need to be listened to, and allowed the opportunity to see for themselves that there is something interesting in aquaculture which is just another form of farming and which will give them some hope for the future and for their families future.

Aquaculture and Agriculture need to be worked together and better breeding of indigenous crops with no till methods of farming will slowly improve the land again and improve the yields along with better aquaculture itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a win win situation.

Information needs to be passed on so that the mistakes that we have made are not repeated again.

So thank you World Aquaculture Society for making this, their very first major step forward in making this happen, and helping the African nation.

Janice Spencer joined the Board of Directors for Aquaculture without frontiers in April 2016. She currently serves as the Chief Financial Officer.

10 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

News

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News

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New fish nutrition research laboratory opened

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argill has opened an aquaculture research lab in Dirdal, Norway, dedicated to developing new diets for the fish farming industry.

The cutting-edge laboratory brings together the best lab, nutrition and raw material knowledge of Cargill and EWOS. The new US$1.25 million nutrition laboratory furthers Cargill’s commitment to strengthening its aquaculture research and development capabilities. The Dirdal lab was built on the Cargill (formerly EWOS) Innovation Centre grounds, where research has been conducted for more than 30 years.

The new facility builds on Cargill’s existing projects on fish nutrition research and leading analytical capabilities.

The Dirdal lab joins cutting-edge facilities across the globe, including a US$10.5 million fish health centre opened in Chile less than six months ago. Cargill’s R&D success in the aqua space is dependent on close cooperation and knowledge transfer between personnel and scientists across laboratory, pilot plant and fish trials.

Daniel Barziza, Global Aqua R&D Director commented, “We are delighted to open our new laboratory in Dirdal.

Having world-class laboratory capabilities sitting right next to our fish trial units and our feed processing research centre will strengthen the performance of our products by giving us greater abilities to understand the interaction of raw materials, nutrients and feed manufacturing. It will

Aquaculture Taiwan Expo and Forum

A

quaculture Taiwan Expo and Forum, taking place from September 28-30, 2017, at Taipei Nangang Exhibition Centre, will welcome its visitors with international brands from over 21 countries showcasing state-ofthe-art aquaculture technologies and equipment.

Aquaculture Taiwan has also

also enhance our raw material development work and build on our leading knowledge in this area, allowing us to accelerate our product development programs and introduce new solutions to market more quickly.”

Key facility facts: • Building size: 550m2 that comprises 402m2 of high quality, purpose-built laboratory space and 143 m2 of lab office space.

• Facilitates the connection to Cargill Nutrition systems.

• Safety features according to Cargill’s lab safety requirements.

• Becomes part of the Cargill Innovation Center in Dirdal, which includes the new research facility, a pilot plant and the seaside fish trial sites Gråttnes and Oltesvik.

• Houses 11 employees who will work in the lab and support Cargill’s pilot plant, sea site fish trials and aqua scientists.

planned a series of thematic conferences for industry players to learn the latest developments in aquaculture.

Conference topics will include “Aquaculture Environmental Control and Management,” and “Smart Aquaculture 4.0—How to increase productivity and sustainability when adopting intellectualized aquaculture techniques”. These

and other subjects will be given by professors of the National Taiwan Ocean University as well as industry leaders from around the world.

For show information and visitor registration, please visit: www.aquaculturetaiwan.com/en-us

Aquaculture Vietnam 2017 Expo and Conference

T

he Aquaculture Vietnam 2017 Expo and Conference, from October 25-27, 2017, will be held at the Can Tho International Fair Center, Can Tho, Vietnam.

The Conference features many world-class speakers and high level local speakers who will share their

experience and technology with 500 participants from Vietnam and the Mekong Delta Sub-Region, using the theme of Aquaculture – Profitable & Sustainable Business.

To attend or sponsor the Aquaculture 12 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

Vietnam Conference, please contact Ms Sophie at thao.nguyen@ubm.com or call +84 28 36 222 588. For more details please visit: www.aquaculturevn.com

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griProtein have anointed a senior team for global fly-farm rollout as well as having appointed two new members to their global leadership team.

The company aims to build a network of 100 insect protein factories by 2024 and 200 by 2027, supplying the $100 billion aquafeed market. They will move their global HQ to London on July 1, 2017, when Mark Williams joins as Group COO and Alan Corr as Group CFO. Jason Drew, CEO of AgriProtein explained, “The appointment of Mark Williams and Alan Corr is a watershed for the business. With their outstanding corporate track records, they’re joining at a time when we’re undergoing massive growth. Mark and Alan share our commitment to finding a better way to feed the world and we look forward to having them on board.”

Formerly Head of Nomura Investment Banking in Asia, Mark Williams was previously with UBS in Hong Kong for 10 years. As COO of AgriProtein, Mark will drive the global roll-out of new factory projects, hiring senior talent and engaging with financial markets as the company continues to grow.

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AgriProtein bolsters international team in London HQ

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Alan Corr joins AgriProtein from Fidelity International in Hong Kong where he was Chief Financial & Operating Officer, having previously managed Macquarie’s Asian wealth management business. His task at AgriProtein will be to develop the Group’s corporate and financial structures across a wide range of jurisdictions while maintaining a high standard of corporate governance.

New EU regulations permit the use of insect-based nutrients in aquafeed with effect from July. Despite uncertainty around Brexit, AgriProtein has chosen the UK as the location for its new global HQ. Mr Drew commented, “With the tide of European regulation starting to move in favour of insect protein for animal feed, we felt the time had come to set up our head office in Europe.

We opted for London because of its unrivalled position as a global financial centre and access to international markets.

Brexit is no barrier for our technology.”

AgriProtein makes animal feed to replace fishmeal and soy used in aquaculture, agriculture and petfood.

The company has allocated licenses in the US, Asia, Australasia and the Middle East. In February it announced a partnership with Austrian engineers Christof Industries enabling it to roll out its fly factory blueprint on a turnkey basis anywhere in the world at the rate of 25 per year – more than two per month.

International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 13

FEATURE

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FEEDING SYSTEM FOR LARVAE AND JUVENILES

by Miguel Arostegui, Managing Director, FishFarmFeeder, Spain ishFarmFeeder is a Spanish company specialising in manufacturing aquaculture feeding systems, currently supplying automatic feeders in European, American and Middle Eastern markets.

With our headquarters based in the main aquaculture production region of Spain and our already established international distribution network, we know first-hand the threats and challenges that aquaculture farmers are facing today, many of which are mainly related to feed externalities.

Hatchery Central Feeder

After 18 months of research, development, prototyping and tests, FishFarmFeeder reached the first central feeder for hatcheries, a solution for the success of hatcheries, through implementing automatic feeders with micro-diets between 150-500μm of grain size.

The Hatchery Feeder will manage, monitor and control the feeding process based on different parameters (dissolved oxygen, temperature, etc) and operate with a high precision instead of the current artisanal and manual feeding processes for fingerlings. It is supported by software fully programmable with learning ability from species-specific feeding regimens generating a continuous improvement of feeding protocols.

The system is provided with the ability to make decisions based on both the interpretation of in-situ rearing parameters and the accumulated experience. The Hatchery Feeder will reduce direct feed costs, while diversifying the farmed species due to their low profitability associated to their early feeding stages.

Objectives

The Hatchery Feeder covers the following objectives: • To optimise the fingerlings’ stock viability by reducing direct feed purchasing.

• To decrease hatcheries’ production costs through technicalisation, reducing mortality and deformity rates.

• To diversify farmed fish species due to precise parameter control and protocol optimisation for suitable species.

Operational workflow

Our hatchery feeders will operate in hatcheries to keep specific Pathogenic Free Standards (SPF), the technology is capable of monitoring and managing feeds between 150-500μm of grain size as follows: Feed storage: This is carried out in a number of four silos/ hoppers for different feed sizes (from 150 to 500 μm) and types.

Feed composition and frequency calculation by the software based on the data logged parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen and hoppers capacity).

Feed dosage mixing and provision: Feed dosage based in software decision is prepared in the intermediate silo until matrix outlet assignation.

Matrix delivery positioning: This is the one of the most critical technical developments of our technology. The system consists in a mobile distributor along a matrix of outlets, where each one corresponds to a specific rearing tank.

Blower transportation from the matrix through the 20mm hose system fabricated in polyethylene to maintain pressures between two and four bar.

Based on the SPF standards and hatcheries conditions, our hatchery feeder is suitable for high relative, humidity environments, allowing guaranteed feed bio-stability, feed dosage precision, and the meeting of all the biohazard requirements common to industrial hatcheries.

Our software gives full access to all production figures including growth, feed consumption, FCR, and mortality rate, whilst also managing historical data, with the ability to make a prediction of these data for the future batches Lucía Barreiro, from the Centro Tecnológico del Cluster de la Acuicultura – (CETGA) in Spain testifies, “The adaptability of the hatchery feeder allows the spreading of feed in each tank to attend to the feeding behaviours of different species in each growing phase. Thanks to control of blow pressure, the user can control the sinking percentage for each size of pellet, adapting to alimentation in surface layers, intermediate or in the bottom of the tank.”

He continues, “This allows a best exploitation of feeding

14 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

STRONG ENOUGH TO FACE EVERYTHING!

reducing lost. Intake rate is higher at disposal of feeding with more frequency, allowing for early weaning with pellets of 150 microns.”

Quality of diets in time are maintained thanks to isolation of silos, where pellets are introduced directly, which translates in higher growing rate and survival of larvae. All this allows for the reduction consumption of Artemia and the consequent reduction of costs in larvae production.”

Advantages of FishFarmFeeder hatchery feeder

The immediate consequences of Hatchery Feeder is a Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) optimisation for any farmed species and feed savings whilst the standardised feeding protocols and the selection of the proper feedstuff, based in high content of protein and omega-3 and omega-6, will allow the fish a higher growth rates.

Feed and fish traceability are key within our industry and the Hatchery feeder’s software covers those daily management processes that take place within normal fish-farming activity. This enables easy integration with other processes and systems such as warehousing, health management, human resources, finance and controlling, quality system, maintenance, measurement, processing and sales.

By diminishing the cross-contamination risk, the mortality rates decrease while helping to maintain the optimum in-tank physiochemical conditions, that are directly translated into better selling prices for farmed fish batches.

Our prices policy will allow us to reach hatcheries of many sizes for whose we have estimated savings from direct feed purchasing such as amortization in less than three years.

The operational and maintenance costs of smartFEEsh plants are very friendly, especially for fish farmers often used to follow their own machinery. On top of this, automation and technicalisation will save labour cost, by controlling the feeding regimes of every single fish batch on-line, depending on their growth needs.

The Hatchery Feeder will be on exhibition at Aqua Nor (Trondheim, Norway) next month.

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FEATURE

Prevent disease outbreaks through effective bacterial pathogen control

by Antonia Tacconi, PhD – Product Manager Acids, and Benedict Standen, PhD – Product Manager Microbials, Biomin, Austria

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quaculture is the fastest growing food-producing industry and is currently playing a major role in global protein production. The rising demand for aquatic protein has resulted in intensification of production, which is directly linked with an increased incidence of diseases. Major pathogens affecting the aquaculture industry include fungi, viruses, parasites and bacteria.

Bacterial threats

Bacteria can survive very well in aquatic environments, especially when water temperature rises, and can cause significant economic losses. Bacteria such as Aeromonas, Edwardsiella, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus, Vibrio and Yersinia can all be pathogenic to aquatic animals. Outbreaks of bacterial diseases are usually contained using antibiotics.

However, due to growing consumer sentiment opposing the use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics, their use can effectively block producers from selling their product to export markets.

Also, extensive use of such antimicrobials is linked to the development of antibiotic resistant strains and the transfer of resistant genes between different bacterial species. The emergence of pathogenic resistant bacteria has negative impacts, not only in aquaculture, but also on human health and effects consumer perception more negatively.

Therefore, the demand for more environmentally friendly alternatives is higher than ever.

Organic acids for pathogen control

Organic acids and blends of such acids are an efficient tool to improve growth performance and pathogen control in aquaculture. Recently, researchers have focused on the role of organic acids and their salts in disease prevention and control with great success. While the effects of organic acids on pathogenic bacteria are not yet fully clear, it is commonly

understood that they can exert either bacteriostatic or bactericidal effects depending on the physiological status of the organism and the physicochemical characteristics of the environment.

Undissociated organic acids are lipophilic and can bypass the plasma membrane of bacteria easily. Once inside the cells, where usually pH levels are more neutral than in the outer environment, organic acids dissociate in their anions and protons.

Traditionally, it has been assumed that the cytoplasmic pH drop caused by this mechanism is the main toxic efficacy of organic acids.

Recently, other toxicity mechanisms have been proposed like the capability of these acids to interfere with cytoplasmic membranes structure and functionality as well as interference with nutrient transport, electron transport and macromolecular synthesis inside the cells.

Choosing a science-backed solution

The organic acid market in aquaculture is vast, and choosing the correct solution can be a minefield. It is important that products are assessed using both in vitro and in vivo models.

A recent peer-reviewed publication demonstrated how Biotronic® Top3 (BIOMIN GmbH), an enhanced acidifier, can be used to reduce pathogens and improve disease resistance in aquaculture (Menanteau-Ledouble et al. 2017).

In vitro pathogen control

Scientists cultured a number of pathogens in growth medium, with and without Biotronic® Top3. The pathogens were chosen based on their ability to cause widespread disease and high economic losses in aquaculture and included Aeromonas spp., Edwardsiella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Streptococcus sp., Vibrio spp. and Yersinia sp.

Researchers observed that Biotronic® Top3 effectively reduced the growth of all pathogens (Figure 1). Biotronic® Top3 was most effective against Gram-negative pathogens, although inhibition of Streptococcus was also observed. This is not surprising, since the formulation contains a unique Biomin® Permeabilizing Complex, specifically designed to weaken the outer membrane in Gramnegative bacteria.

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FEATURE

commercial feed or the same feed supplemented with Biotronic® Top3.

After 25 weeks, fish were artificially infected with Aeromonas salmonicida by intraperitoneal (IP) injection, immersion and cohabitation. For quality control purposes, fish in both treatments were also ‘mock’ infected to take into account background mortality. Once the infection had taken its course, the survival was calculated (Figure 2).

In control tanks, mortalities were observed immediately indicating the pathogens virulence, while in Biotronic® Top3 treatments much slower death rates were seen, indicating that the infection could be slowed down.

This may benefit fish farmers as they can identify diseases without incurring huge losses. After 35 days of challenge, Biotronic® Top3 supplemented fish showed considerably higher survival (80%), compared to just 60 percent in control tanks, indicating the protective capabilities of Biotronic® Top3. Furthermore, rainbow trout receiving Biotronic® Top3 had significantly higher survival (70%) than those not receiving the supplement (25%), when challenged via IP injection.

Figure 1: Growth inhibition of aquatic pathogens

by Biotronic® Top3

Figure 2: Survival curves of fish during pathogen challenge.

Data represents the average mortality across three infection routes. Source: BIOMIN

Conclusion

In vivo results

Aquaculture systems and the animals involved are infinitely more complex than their simplified in vitro models. In one study, specific pathogen free (SPF) rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), were split into two groups, and received either a

Disease outbreaks are a persistent threat to profitability.

Dietary supplementation of Biotronic® Top3 improves gut health by reducing the pathogen load and increases disease resistance without compromising growth performance. By allowing aquaculture producers to avoid sub-therapeutic use of antibiotics, Biotronic® Top3 offers an exciting alternative to traditional pathogen control measures, opening the door to higher profitability.

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www.almex.nl International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 17

FEATURE

CLIMATE CHANGE Ensuring sustainable fish production in Europe

by Maurine Toussaint, Courtney Hough and Elisabeth Ytteborg, ClimeFish Salmon Š NOFIMA

C

The ClimeFish project will produce data that will prepare fisheries and aquaculture sectors in Europe for near future climate scenarios, using adaptation plans, risk assessments and visualisation of opportunities presented in a decision support tool.

limeFish is a four-year European project funded by the Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme that aims to create a decision support framework (DSF) to ensure sustainable fish production in Europe under climate change. The project focuses on three different fish supply sectors: marine aquaculture, marine fisheries and lakes and ponds, which are divided into 16 case studies that involve more than 25 species across the continent.

The main objective of the ClimeFish project is to ensure that future growth in seafood production occurs in areas and for species with a potential for sustainable growth.

A European project for a global matter

Fish and shellfish from both wild and farmed sectors represent a valuable source of proteins, minerals and omega 3 fatty acids.

So far, most of the consumed food has come from wild catch.

However, according to FAO, aquacultured species are expected to become our main nutritional source in the future.

Declining wild fish stocks and increasing human population put increased pressure to this development, urging growth and higher production yields.

From the other side, the undeniable climate change threatens the sustainable development of both wild and farmed species at the

global level through unfavourable growth conditions. Forecasting the effects and providing structured responses to ensure future growth, sustainability and management, are core activities in ClimeFish.

ClimeFish forecasting is based on specific climate scenarios from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) called the RCPâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s (Representative Concentration Pathways). The RCPs are possible temperature scenarios depending on how rapidly global greenhouse gas emissions come down in coming years. ClimeFish focus on the so-called RCP 4.5 and 8.5 that represent the most likely and the worst-case scenario, three and four degrees global temperature increase. The most optimistic scenario, RCP 2.6, was originally the third scenario to be included in the project, but this has already been surpassed.

The effects of these scenarios upon fish and shellfish in all the 16 cases will be simulated using different models developed in the project. ClimeFish will then use the simulated results to make tentative projections of fish production and distribution based on the relationship between water temperature and population growth.

These production scenarios will be further used for socioeconomic analysis by all relevant stakeholders, who will also identify potential risks and opportunities for the sector. ClimeFish is currently in the beginning of the second project year and all of the cases have started modelling the growth of the relevant species.

The project objectives

When it comes to aquaculture and fisheries, adaptations to climate change are not just about the effects of storms or temperature increase. It also requires concrete measures and adaptation strategies from every European country, political decisions, management plans and engagement from the industrial stakeholders.

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ClimeFish is getting ready to co-create a Decision Support Framework (DSF) that will help to ensure sustainable fish production in Europe by taking the effects of forecast climate changes into full consideration.

Professor Michaela Aschan, coordinator of the ClimeFish project explains, “It’s an interface where stakeholders may do planning for the future - looking at different options, different scenarios of temperature changes and see how it will influence your production in your area no matter if it’s fresh water, aquaculture or fisheries. We consider the details of each production system.”

The recommendations and guidelines on drawing up climateenabled management plans using the ClimeFish Decision Support Framework will be formulated as a low-level voluntary European standard and will be available through the European Committee for Standardization after the project ends to ensure the project results are used.

Scientists and stakeholders are working closely together to ensure that the knowledge generated from ClimeFish is scientifically acceptable, has strategic and policy relevance and include social robustness. In collaboration with its international network of stakeholders, “the ClimeFish stakeholder hub”, ClimeFish plans to develop early-warning methodologies (such as a traffic light system) for the different sectors, identify strategies that mitigate the risks as well as actions plans that take benefit from any opportunities resulting from climate change.

The marine aquaculture sector

The marine aquaculture sector in ClimeFish focus on five different case studies: the North-East Atlantic, Greece, Spain, Scotland and Italy where the following species will be evaluated:

Salmon © NOFIMA

salmon, cod, sea bass, meagre, blue mussel, carpet shell, flat and cupped oysters. With a temperature change in both air and water altering the oceanographic conditions, fish and shellfish can be subject to stress that might affect their development and increase the emergence of disease and pathologic infections. A race within this sector to beat the climate change with selective breeding to improve resistance, technological development to protect the farmed species against suboptimal growth conditions as well as specially designed health feed has already started.

One of the important aspects of ClimeFish is to prepare for the changes that are likely to come and make sure to exploit the positive effects as good as possible.

Dr Nikos Papandroulakis explains it like this: “We want to develop models that are going to give us a perspective of how fish will react in this change of environment and particularly with rising temperature. We’re also going to try to identify the risks and opportunities linked to the climate change”. Dr Papandroulakis is the Greek case study leader from the Institute of Aquaculture of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR).

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International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 19

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FEATURE

HCRM, Crete © Maurine Toussaint

ClimeFish first annual meeting last April in Heraklion, Crete

HCRM, Crete © Maurine Toussaint

The marine fisheries sector

The migration of some fish species towards the North may change the fish stock distribution in a way that could result in local extinction of some arctic fish species.

The increase of acidification in the ocean also leads to a calcification issue: an essential process for marine organisms but also for zooplankton. This might result in cracks in the food chain, which may affect the whole ecosystem, including the fisheries that rely on it. These effects are being explored in the ClimeFish project. The fishery sector focus on six different case studies in the Northern geographical area and the Baltic sea, including evaluation of species like herring, mackerel, capelin, "Species that we harvest in the North are less temperature tolerant than in the South"

The lake and ponds sector

In the lakes and ponds, the effects of climate change have less of an impact on the fish itself but rather huge effects on the production systems. With temperature increases, this sector faces more evaporation and droughts on a long-term basis that will raise an issue over the use of renewable freshwater resources. Increased water temperatures could benefit the growth through extended production periods, however only to a limited extent.

This sector covers a wide geographical area from the North Norwegian lakes to the Italian Lake Garda, as well as lakes and ponds in the Central Europe, Czech Republic and Hungary. Brown trout, Arctic char, white fish, vendace, catfish, pike-perch and carp are the species to be evaluated in ClimeFish. According to Dr Gergő Gyalog from the National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre (HAKI) in

blue whiting anchovy, sardine, sprat, cod, haddock and hake.

The main actions of ClimeFish for this particular sector are to evaluate changes in fish species distribution and stock dynamics, impacts on fish stock recruitments (measured as the amount of young fish produced each year) and evaluation of the impact of non-indigenous species, present due to climate change.

Professor Aschan continues, “We have looked at the most important fish production sectors throughout Europe and we found a very clear gradient indicating that the species that we harvest in the North are less temperature tolerant than in the South. High production countries - such as Norway, Iceland or the United Kingdom - seem to be vulnerable to this temperature change. On the other hand, some potential is seen for the fresh water sector where higher temperatures may bring good production conditions.”

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FEATURE

Cod © NOFIMA

Hungary and leader of the Hungarian case study, “Lakes and ponds represent the fifth biggest subsector of European aquaculture and contributes around 80-90,000 tonnes of European fish production.”

ClimeFish aims to gather long-term data from several lakes and ponds in Europe, including both aquaculture and fishery systems.

Data will contribute to the understanding of how climate changes impact production outcomes, management decisions, stock size, ecosystem health and species resilience in freshwater systems throughout Europe.

Preliminary results

The ClimeFish project has been running for a year and results have started to be produced. So far, four papers are published in international peer reviewed journals. Research performed

by X. Anton Alvarez-Salgado and his team at the Institute of Salmon Farm © NOFIMA

Marine Research in Spain, has shown that the Galician blue mussels grow faster with the predicted temperature increase and that better mussel flesh yields are obtained in years with a dry winter followed by upwelling and favourable northerly winds in the summer. Vulnerability maps for Baltic fishery species have been produced and will be published this year. Concerning the farmed fish species, first results are anticipated early this autumn.

Communication with the aquaculture and fisheries stakeholders in Europe is integral to ClimeFish activities. While some reactive measures are evident, how to adapt production systems and catching gear, develop management plans, warning systems and apply the rest of the results will become clearer through the achievement of the case studies and mapping exercises that are underway.

Long-term planning

There is no doubt that ClimeFish will make contributions to not only longer-term planning of appropriate system investments but also production site locations, health monitoring and stock management so as to promote pro-active actions to assure sustainable development.

One particularity of the ClimeFish project is that it is not focusing on a single species or one geographical area but is looking at the overall impact of climate change on seafood production and supply. ClimeFish will run until March 2020 and has the ambition to reach stakeholders and citizens all over Europe.

For further information, please visit www.climefish.eu and follow our daily updates at Twitter, @ClimeFish. If you have any questions you may contact us via climefish@uit.n.

International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 21

AQUAFEED EXTRUSION

FEATURE

Extrusion

L

extrusion techniques from the PART 1 Learning master - Aquatic products and trends

International Aquafeed was fortunate to co-host an informative and insightful extrusion seminar given by retiring Wenger extrusion expert, Joe Kearns prior to the WAS 2017 South Africa event in Cape Town from June 26-30, 2017.

istening to the final lecture by Joe Kearns, delivered on behalf of Wenger Manufacturing, it was interesting to pick up on several of the key points he imparted to his audience.

In his typical, engaging manner he captivated an audience of just over 60 extrusion process operators at the half-day seminar ‘African Extrusion 2017’, hosted jointly by Wenger Manufacturing and International Aquafeed.

The key points he covered, in his own relaxed and informative style although not in any particular order, included:

willfully eaten a commercial feed. Well we made some pellets and trained these wild-caught tuna to eat a prepared feed. It was slightly warped to be able to make a feed for a fish that really wouldn’t normally eat what came out of a process like ours.

Using different shapes, the currents that helped to move the pellets around, the shading on the pellet and the sun hitting them, there were splashes and these fish were suddenly learning how to eat prepared diets with added vitamins and minerals that made these fish grow faster than just eating simple, frozen or ground-up fish thrown to them.

So there’s a lot to be learned about a lot of species and how they feed that we haven’t really studied yet.

Making feed

Sea urchin feed

We had worked hard for 25 years on shrimp feed. We can always make the feed hold together in the water and work perfectly, but we could never make the volumes required. Pellet mills could achieve higher capacities per hour. Our team had to figure out how to make these extruders produce six, seven and even eight tonnes per hour of shrimp feed. We solved the problem by putting two dies on which greatly increased the extruder’s capacity.

You want to sell feeds eight percent moisture or do you want to sell them at 10-11 percent moisture? The difference in achieving the correct moisture level may mean you could pay for your whole line in just two years on the savings to be made.

Then you do the numbers, you have to figure out the cost of the raw materials, the cost of the product while making a feed that’s more even and one that will accept oil evenly; if you have a feed that has varying moisture levels, the one with the most moisture will take up more oil.

We can make some very big pellets. We have some examples of making feed with huge pellets for tuna in Australia that had 50 percent of the formulation as ground-up fish.

I was asked in Australia if we could make feed ‘swim’ in water.

“If you could figure out how to do that it would be great. Our tuna don’t really like to eat the pellets.”

So we got to thinking that high fishinclusion works perfectly however, they have to catch pilchards to feed their tuna.

They didn’t want to give that up. But if we fed them half as much pilchard they could raise twice as much fish couldn’t they? By splitting this up and making a formulation that had vitamins and minerals, syrup rings and proteins they were going to figure out something.

Blue-fin tuna are said to have never

Back in the late 1900s we were challenged by Dr John Lawrence, who’s famous for his studies of Sea Urchins at the University of South Florida. His brother, Dr Addison Lawrence, was big into shrimp feeds and calls me and says “My brother’s got a problem, we need to make some sea urchin feed for him.”

I say I don’t know anything about sea urchins, tell me something about your feed and he says, “Well, they’re feeding them agar protein material and cutting up little jelly pieces and its not working out.” I said you need something that’s moisturised.

So I went and brought four different types semi-moist pepsin strand peas, chuck peas, oat pieces, and set them down and said, “What do you think of these products?”

He said, “We could do that,” and so we ended up making what we now call a semi-moist feed for sea urchins.

Obviously, with sea urchins you can see their colour, there’s carotenoids in this because we had to be concerned about colour as they were mainly for the Japanese market.

We made these feeds at 25-30 percent moisture using propylene glycol, phosphoric acid and potassium sorbate as liquid ingredients to hold the water, to lower pH and achieve a little mould inhibitor. The fact that these feeds were made with highend moisture, meant they weren’t soaking water into a pellet that would have happened with nine or 10 percent moisture pellets.

The reason for the patent is these feeds can stay in water for five days which is what is wanted in order to feed sea urchins every day – it’s too costly to feed daily so they wanted to go out and feed them once a week. Then come back a week later and put more feed in, and this actually works pretty well.

The interesting thing about it was, we

22 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

started off making a product like this for sea urchins because they normally ate kelp leaves. Well, we quickly found out that our shape was better because the sea urchins could store pellets in their spines, where other sea urchins couldn’t get it.

I actually watched one of them manipulate those pellets around and into a position where it would eat and kept the other ones on top. I would never have figured sea urchins would figure this out so quick, they must have great brains.”

It was amazing just to see animals that hardly move and eat kelp, but you throw extruded pellets at them they know what to do with them immediately.

It just so happened that when we did this it became a popular shape for abalone, which we didn’t have to add carotenoids as it wasn’t so important for colour, but the formulation just happened to be pretty much exactly the same and we sent a lot of this feed to Chile where they were fed in conjunction with seaweed.

I learnt a lot about seaweeds; some promote growth more than others. So, I thought the next time we make abalone feed why not pick the right seaweed instead of using the one that doesn’t give such good growth? We did this and achieved extremely good growth with the extruded product in terms of the size of the abalone over a 180-day test period.

Grinding

Grind is important. Everybody talks about doing a good job of grinding but I can’t emphasise more forcefully the fact that there’s a difference 1/16th of an inch hole in the hammer mill screen versus 1/32nd makes a tremendous difference, obviously it costs more money to grind at that particular fineness, but it can be done and it makes your product significantly better.

Moisture

Why do we run our extruders somewhere between 20-34 percent moisture or maybe at even higher levels? Well, we have an extruder barrel moisture content along the horizontal axis and a bulk density on the vertical axis. Therefore, we could make the same product, bulk density-wise, at two different moisture levels.

If you were to troubleshoot an extruder, one of the things we’d say is, “If you have too light a density or too heavy a density, change the moisture level.”

We won’t tell you to add or to take some out because we won’t know where you are. We’re trying to say that if the product is not right, add water and see what happens.

Sometimes if you add a little water the product actually gets heavier in density.

Then again, by adding a little water the product can get lighter, so you have to figure it out quickly where you’re at by either adding or taking water out, or adding or taking steam out. But moisture greatly affects the way the product performs.

Waste recovery

There is ‘ waste’ in every extruder operation that you have. It’s high moisture material. We developed a system that collects this material. It’s a tank with a grinding device and a special vacuum pump to pull stream through the cylinder, grinds and turns the material into a liquid that’s about 10 percent solids, so you pump it back into the conditioning cylinder.

If you stop or start your machine to make different products, like everybody does, five or six times a day, you create 200300kgs of waste every time.

Figure out the cost of that and you will see that this tank pays for itself in about eight to nine months.

The perfect partner for process automation We deliver: Design and engineering Build and installation MCC and PLC panels Software engineering PLC/SDADA MES application Batch Explorer Integration to other software packages Turn Key installations incl. training, service & support

info@inteqnion.com www.inteqnion.com

International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 23

AQUAFEED EXTRUSION

FEATURE

Extrusion PART 2 Extrusion process and technologies:

E

Application in raw materials and feed production

xtruders can be visualised as a high temperature short time (HTST) device that can transform a variety of raw ingredients into intermediate and finished products. Extrusion technology provides several different advantages over traditional methods for feed processing. While many processing technologies result in an agglomerated feed, only a few have sufficient energy inputs to ensure feed safety. Feed safety is a major factor in choosing extrusion-based methods over traditional pelleting methods.

Extrusion is a hydro-thermal process where the critical process parameters of retention time, moisture, and thermal and mechanical energy inputs can be varied over a wide range. The feed industry has considered a provision to mandate that all feeds are pasteurised and some form of extrusion will likely be implemented as the processing method of choice.

Extrusion is a highly versatile operation that can be applied to a variety of feed processes. Extruders can be used to cook, form, mix, texturise and shape feed products under conditions that favor quality retention, high productivity and low cost. There are several ingredients that need some kind of processing to make it more digestible and palatable to use as feed ingredients. There are several agriculture by-products that can be processed into valueadded ingredients for feed application.

Therefore, adding one extruder to a feed milling operation can add value to the ingredients and by products. At the same time, a feed miller can reduce the effects of mold, fungus, microorganisms and other anti-nutritional factors in these ingredients.

The Philippines is producing an annual compound feed of about 13-15 MMT, about 40-45 percent are swine feeds, 20 percent layers, 20-25 percent broilers, three to five percent Aqua, and the rest are specialty diets such as pet foods, fighting cocks, etc.

In 2016, the Philippines imported 2.3MMT of Soybean meal, about 82-83 percent from the United States, with the rest coming from Argentina. The whole soybeans import was around 80,000MT (FY2016). The import of soybean is growing and already has reached 135,000MT as of May 2017 (October 1, 2016- May 31, 2017). The production of full fat soybean meal in the last two years has increased more than double due to the

As presented by Dr Mian N. Riaz, Ph.D, Head - Extrusion Technology Program Graduate Faculty, Nutrition and Food Science Dept., Texas A&M University at the IndoLivestock â&#x20AC;&#x153;Feed Extrusion at the Philippine Livestock exhibition and conferenceâ&#x20AC;? in Manila on May 25, 2017.

additional extrusion plants being installed in 2015-2016. The increased use of full fat soybean meal is largely driven by the high price of coconut oil which was the most common vegetable oil used to increase the level energy in swine and poultry diets in the Philippines. The United Soybean Export Council (USSEC) is very aggressive in promoting the production and use of FFSBM made from US soybeans.

Quality control in full-fat soybean meal processing

Full fat soybeans are thermally processed to destroy antinutritional factors and to increase oil availability while preserving the nutritional quality of the protein. The major anti-nutritional factor of concern in raw soybeans is a trypsin inhibitor.

Inadequate heating fails to completely destroy the anti-nutritional factors, which may have a detrimental impact on animal performance. Excessive heating reduces the availability of lysine (via the Maillard reaction) and possibly, to a lesser extent, other amino acids.

Laboratory tests are thus needed to determine whether samples of soybean meal have received adequate, but not excessive, heat treatment following oil extraction. Of tests commonly used, the evaluation of urease activity (UA) is the easiest to perform, and is especially useful in detecting under processed soybean meal. It is less reliable for detecting over processed meal.

The protein solubility (PS) test is the most commonly used assay to detect over processed soybean meal, although very high values are indicative of under processed meal. The protein dispersibility index (PDI) is also used primarily to detect over processed or adequately processed soybean meal.

Extrusion is a continuous process and has obvious advantages over simple batch cooking processes like boiling or autoclaving.

It is also quicker than boiling since the beans have to be kept at boiling point for about 30 min to achieve reasonable levels of inhibitor destruction. The main variables associated with product quality and process efficiency as far as soybean processing is concerned are time, temperature, moisture content and the degree of physical damage needed to render the oil content more digestible.

Extrusion is a readily controllable process where temperature, time (to some extent), moisture content and the degree of physical damage can all be manipulated. The net result of this is that a very high quality product can be produced when the extrusion process is properly handled.

24 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

PHOTOSHOOT THE BIG PICTURE - PHOTOCOMP

This image of Solea Senegalensis at the University of Algarve was entered into the International Aquafeed photo competition in 2014. For details about the 2017 competition, see page 6 or please visit: www.aquafeed.co.uk/photocomp ŠRui Goncalves

EXPERT TOPIC RAINBOW TROUT

RAINBOW 1

Introduction by Alex Whitebrook

TROUT EXPERT TOPIC

Rainbow trout is a species endemic to the Pacific drainages of North America.

Overtime trout populations have been established all over the world, on all continents excluding Antarctica, becoming popular for both recreational fishing and aquaculture. After a spike in production during the 1950s, Europe, North America, Chile, Japan and Australia emerged as the foremost producers of rainbow trout. Now, several different strains of rainbow trout exist due to production under different techniques and environments.

The rainbow trout is a particularly enduring species, able to grow fast and tolerate a wide range of environments and diets.

Usually spawning once in Spring, the fish have been bred in captivity to develop strains that mature earlier and spawn throughout the year. Trout, however, will not spawn naturally in culture systems, and so must be collected during their juvenile stages from the wild or through artificial spawning in a hatchery.

Naturally bred, rainbow trout will feed on a collection of food sources from fish eggs, crustaceans and small fish, to insects, molluscs and minnows. Above all the rainbow trouts food sources, shrimp serve as a key provider of carotenoid pigments necessary for the colouration of trout flesh. Within cultures systems, synthetic pigments such as astaxanthin are added to aquafeeds to create the same desired pink colouration.

Using the best value feed and materials, the average cost of production in rainbow trout farms is between US$1.20 and 2.00 per kilogram. According to the Food and Agricultural Organisation, â&#x20AC;&#x153;running costs can start at US$100 per 1,000

fry purchased at six to eight cm and feed for one year from US$1,000-1,400.â&#x20AC;?

Fish farmers attempt to reduce these costs by increasing the efficiency of trout production through a number of factors, including improving recirculation technology, breeding faster growing fish that reach larger sizes, controlling maturation and gender, developing high-nutrient diets, and reducing phosphorous concentrations of effluents. Sales may also be increased through increasing rearing densities and developing better marketing.

As always, and in the case of the rainbow trout, health issues remain the most formidable challenge to production. The rainbow trout is susceptible to a myriad of diseases, including Furunculosis, Vibriosis, Bacterial kidney disease, Bacterial gill disease, Infective Pancreatic Necrosis, Viral Haemorrhagic Septicaemia, White Spot and many more. Constant treatment and protection from these diseases can significantly contribute to negative environmental effects. Flow-through systems allow these chemicals to reach waters downstream of the farm, that work with the flow of added nutrients serves to increase the biological demand for oxygen. This in-turn decreases water quality and increases the growth of algae and aquatic plants.

Developing more effective, environmentally safe treatments and feeds for rainbow trout production will be crucial for the further growth of the industry in years to come.

28 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

EXPERT TOPIC

ANIMAL PROTEINS • Hemoglobin • Plasma • FEED ADDITIVES • INGREDIENTS • RAW MATERIALS www.internationalproteinllc.com Tel: +1-201-224-3700 • Email: info@internationalproteinllc.com

International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 29

RAINBOW TROUT

EXPERT TOPIC RAINBOW TROUT

2

R

FEEDING THE PIONEER

Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss ŠAller Aqua

Rainbow troutâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s contribution to aqua feed development

by Dr Hanno Slawski, Group R&D Director, Aller Aqua

ainbow trout are rovers. Their braveness to explore new habitats and their adaptability to various environments has made trout a perfect species for aquaculture.

The trout as a pioneering species in the sector has also paved the way for other fish species in terms of nutritional requirements, feed manufacturing, farming systems and certifications. The knowledge obtained through research on trout has led to a comprehensive understanding of nutritional and physical feed quality as well as raw material quality and its impact on nutrient digestibility, feed palatability and faeces quality. As far as applicable, the knowledge obtained in research on trout has also been introduced into feeds for other species.

can digest. Thus, a stable content of digestible protein and energy in the feed is more relevant than the total content of protein and energy in the feed or the selection of raw materials. Providing the optimum combination of digestible protein and digestible energy is paramount for growth performance of fish. Formulating feeds according to fixed levels of digestible protein and energy outbalances varying numbers of total protein and total energy in a raw material. Furthermore, formulating feeds according to nutrient digestibility is the closest one can do to stabilise feed

Raw material nutrient digestibility

In recent years, feed for rainbow trout has undergone major changes in raw material selection and composition. Institutional and industrial research has led to an understanding of the nutritional requirements of trout that is only matched in a few other fish species. As one example, it was possible to reduce the dependency on marine raw materials in feed formulations, which used to be the reference for nutritional quality.

However, raw materials provide nutrients to a feed. But not all nutrients from a raw material are accessible for fish. This also counts for fishmeal and fish oil. Some raw materials contain less accessible nutrients. Accessible nutrients can also be described as digestible nutrients. Digestible nutrients are the nutrients that are absorbed by fish from a feed between feed intake and faeces excretion. Thus, digestible nutrients are ingested nutrients minus nutrients excreted via faeces.

Consequently, the nutrients having value for fish are the ones it

Feeding trout in Aller Aqua Research Š Aller Aqua

30 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

EXPERT TOPIC

RAINBOW TROUT

CROSS-CONTAMINATION SALMONELLA

INCONSISTENCY REGULATIONS

High energy trout feed ŠAller Aqua

performance on a fish farm.

In rainbow trout, raw material nutrient digestibility is commonly determined in feeding trials. Testing in vivo requires provision of various batches of test feed. This also allows testing a raw material in production; its impact on feed palatability and eventually faces quality. The test feeds are produced under pilot scale and contain an inert marker. The marker is fully indigestible. It passes the digestive tract of fish without affecting feed digestibility. From the amount of marker found in the faeces one can calculate the amount of feed it represents. Collection of faeces is therefore required. During the feeding trials, faeces required for analysis are separated from the water column in faeces collectors.

From there, the faeces are extracted and analysed for nutrient content and concentration of the inert marker. The nutrient content of the faeces is then compared with the nutrient content in the feed and a raw material under investigation. Eventually the nutrients ingested by the fish and the nutrients excreted via faeces can be compared. This comparison gives so called Apparent Digestibility Coefficients (ADCs). They are the targets of the digestibility trials. The ADCs allow comparisons between nutrient digestibility of different raw materials. In principle, ADCs for dry matter, protein, amino acids, fat, fatty acids, ash and certain minerals are determined for each raw material from each supplier and supplying factory. Once a catalogue for ADCs of all raw materials is established, the feed formulation can be done based on nutrient digestibility.

Rainbow trout are voracious eaters. Under optimum environmental conditions, trout have an enormous capacity for

PATHOGENS

DOWNTIME

PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE ELEMENTS PRODUCT CONSISTENCY PROCESS FLEXIBILTY VALIDATED KILL-STEP FOOD SAFETY VERIFIED EXTRUSION CERTIFICATION SANITATION CONTROL PLANT CERTIFICATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

P.O. Box 8 100 Airport Road Sabetha, KS 66534, USA Phone: 785-284-2153 Fax: 785-284-3143 extru-techinc@extru-techinc.com www.extru-techinc.com Faeces collector ŠAller Aqua

31 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed ET-275C.indd 1

12/22/15 3:33 PM

EXPERT TOPIC

RAINBOW TROUT

A selection of raw materials ŠAller Aqua

feed intake and feed digestion. Thus, the faster and more the fish can eat, the quicker it will grow.

Raw material selection and physical feed quality can impact feed intake and digestion rates. The physical quality of the feed is hereby closely linked to the raw materials used in formulation.

It has been observed for example, that trout may voraciously eat a feed portion given in the morning. A second feeding later that day may show a lack of appetite. Then, lack of palatability is sometimes claimed to be the reason of reduced feed intake.

However, lack of palatability would have been apparent in the morning feeding already. The sudden lack of appetite will more likely be linked to slow digestion rate of the feed in the fish. Slow digestion rate is caused by disadvantageous physical feed quality and reduced nutrient digestibility. As an example, the surface structure, pore volume and pore distribution of a feed pellet impacts its water absorption speed in the stomach of a fish. The faster the pellet falls apart in the stomach the earlier feed particles enter the gut for absorption of nutrients. Raw materials influence the pellet porosity and consequently water stability, hereby impacting feed intake.

Faeces quality

Through feed experiments with trout kept in aquaria, in

laboratory tanks and on commercial fish farms, comprehensive knowledge has also been obtained on feed composition and raw material impacts on faeces quality. This plays an important role in modern recirculating fish farms, where trout arguably is the pioneering species. For optimal water treatment, most of the faeces material shall be separated from the water before it can reach the biofilter. Thus, when formulating feeds for trout in recirculating systems, raw materials are also selected by their impact on faeces structure and weight.

Although different feeds can give the same growth performance and contain the same amount of nutrients, they can vary in faeces quality due to raw material selection. Some raw materials tend to give fluffy and watery faeces, others will give particularly heavy faeces. Then, some raw materials will give pale faeces while other raw materials will lead to dark coloured faeces. Then, certain raw materials can result in sticky faeces while others give faeces that hardly aggregate and remain small, separate particles.

When formulating a feed for trout, a target for faeces quality is required. On many water recirculating fish farms, aggregated, stable and relatively fast sinking fish faeces contribute best to cleaning of water. However, compared to terrestrial livestock where farming systems are standardised, no recirculating fish farm is alike another.

Although similar methods for faeces extraction and biofiltration are applied, farms vary in design and operations.

Therefore, although the nutrient composition of a feed will satisfy the requirements of the fish, the effect of faeces separation from the water will be different across recirculation farms. As a result of the different farm set-ups, there is no feed formulation that can fit all. It remains to be seen, therefore, if farm design, water treatment and filtration will eventually become standardised across fish farms.

Summary

Faeces collected for analysis ŠAller Aqua

With trout being used as model fish in research and pioneer species in modern recirculation fish farming, trout feed has been on the forefront of feed development. The versatility of trout is mirrored in the composition of the feed it receives.

Trout will remain a dominant species in aquaculture and also future knowledge will contribute to farm and feed development across the sector.

32 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

by Durval Tavares, CEO, Aquabotix Technology Corporation

Transforming connectivity with 'Live Remote Viewing'

Unlike beef and pork farmers, fish farmers face unique challenges associated with breeding food animals under the sea. Technological innovation to address these challenges has lagged in comparison to many other industries.

As the world’s population continues to grow, aquaculture is becoming an increasingly important high-protein food source. In fact, fish farming has achieved higher growth rates than any other food production sector in the past 40 years and it continues to grow at an impressive rate, typically enjoying five to six percent annual increases in production.

However, unlike beef and pork farmers, fish farmers face unique challenges associated with breeding food animals under the sea. Technological innovation to address these challenges has lagged in comparison to many other industries.

Fortunately, this has begun to change over the past few years, as recent advances in underwater drones (known in the industry as Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs)) and underwater camera systems have helped make aquaculture safer, more efficient and more profitable.

Now, new digital platforms and cloud connectivity are about to transform the industry, bringing with them enterprise operations management capabilities designed to take aquaculture to the next level.

Last October, I traveled to Chile to take part in the four-day AquaSur 2016 conference. I was able to spend a few hours at a local fish farm, seeing the operations firsthand and speaking with the operators to deepen my understanding of aquaculturists’ challenges and needs.

I have long known that frequent monitoring and inspections of the livestock, internal and external predator nets, and water quality are essential to the success of any aquaculture operation.

During my visit, I also received significant insight into just how costly, time-consuming and inefficient it can be to send divers into the water to inspect the fish, cages or pens, and water quality, and then have them document their findings manually. The information they gather must be documented manually, after the fact, which limits the thoroughness and accuracy of those inspection reports.

Plus, there is inherent risk for divers conducting underwater inspections. More importantly, it isn’t practical to have continuous diver inspections. If something happens in between inspections such as seals successfully breaching the predator net, the result could be a significant financial loss.

Feed represents a significant percentage of a fish farm’s operating costs; as much as 75 percent in some finfish operations, according to NOAA. I also learned that overfeeding could have a negative environmental impact, thanks to the discharge of nutrients from the uneaten feed that drifts into the water columns. I saw for myself the challenge of collecting morts that don’t naturally make their way into the mort collection area on their own.

Technology has made aquaculture safer, more efficient and more profitable

Underwater remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and underwater cameras have contributed significantly to making aquaculture a viable business proposition, enabling net and mooring inspections, feeding habit assessments and mort removal to be performed more efficiently and at a lower cost.

Today’s inspection-class ROVs are easy to learn and operate.

Having operators who require no formal training to conduct remote inspections using ROVs is a far more cost-efficient approach that carries 34 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY significantly less safety risk than employing divers for that purpose. Underwater camera systems can be used for both occasional inspection and continuous underwater surveillance.

Some inspection-class ROVs, like Aquabotix’s Endura, are lightweight and compact enough for a single operator to carry. The importance of portability was brought home to me during my visit to the Chilean fish farm last fall.

The farm was in a remote area with very limited and difficult overland access. After I was driven as close to the farm as possible in a truck, I had no difficulty carrying our entire Endura system, which fits inside a single carrying case, down the very long, very narrow path to the shoreline over the uneven terrain. We brought the ROV by boat to the housing platform, where it took just three minutes to get the Endura out of the case, fully set up and deployed into the water.

ROVs are also becoming more powerful and capable.

For example, the Endura comes standard with five powerful, high-torque motors and an optional lateral thruster and high-output thruster to enable the vehicle to operate in strong currents, delivering an industry-leading five knots of thrust. The standard configuration also includes a 1080p true HD video camera with a wideangle lens and 160° pan/120° tilt functionality, 32GB of memory, orientation, depth, temperature and leak detection sensors and high-intensity LED lighting.

Manufacturers are introducing more and more configuration options and accessories to extend the capabilities of inspection-class ROVs. Examples include the ability to run on either continuous AC power or a rechargeable built-in battery; fish plows for guiding morts into the mort collection area; copper

tethers; memory upgrades; manipulator arms; a wide range of environmental sensors; side-scan, scanning or multibeam sonar; GPS, DVL, USBL, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and satellite communications; laser scalers; and firstperson view (FPV) goggles, among others. The choice of configurations and optional accessories will only continue to grow.

Enterprise-level digital/cloud connectivity: The next wave of aquaculture innovation

Advances in ROVs and underwater HD cameras have helped drive aquaculture’s rapid growth and made the industry safer, more efficient and more profitable. But we have just begun to tap the potential for technologyenabled advances in this industry. Thanks to the cloud, the Internet of Things (IoT) has transformed the way the world communicates and interacts with the tools and objects we depend on, dramatically increasing the value and usefulness of everything from watches to refrigerators to cars. Now, 'smart' ROVs and underwater camera systems are joining that list, with cloud connectivity over a fully digital platform enabling new features that will empower aquaculturists to run their operations more efficiently, cost-effectively and strategically.

'Internet of Things' and 'Live Remote Viewing'

One of the biggest challenges for fish farm owners has been that all inspection and sensor data and camera footage collected by divers and ROV operators are siloed.

Consolidating and analysing that data across all their operations such as comparing the health, growth and feeding habits of their livestock from one pen to another,

International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 35

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY or one farm to another, has been extremely difficult, if not impossible.

Now, Aquabotix has used the IoT to produce the world’s only digital inspection-class ROV platform designed to empower aquaculturists with enterprise-level connectivity, data and actionable insights across all their farms worldwide.

Our newest product feature, Live Remote Viewing, enables real-time underwater viewing and connectivity between the Endura ROV and AquaLens Connect networked underwater camera system and remote Aquabotix customers via the cloud. This feature gives fish farmers access to continuous live feeds from the Endura ROV that can monitor the condition of the fish and nets, inspect moorings and assess feeding habits to prevent overfeeding, enabling higher quality, more cost-effective inspections.

One of the inefficiencies in the inspection process has been the disconnect between the divers or ROV operators who perform the inspections and data collection, and the analysts who review that data and try to derive insights from it. It’s similar to the disconnect between the news reporter and camera operator who shoot an interview and B-roll footage, and the editor back in the newsroom who wishes they had shot footage of X or had gotten a different angle of Y. Live Remote Viewing enables real-time coordination, communication and collaboration between an on-site ROV and underwater camera system operator and an off-site data analyst, who can both view the footage being collected in real-time, so the analyst can request a different view, angle or close-ups, all while the operator is still recording.

With Live Remote Viewing, an off-site analyst can monitor multiple inspections, operations and explorations from a single platform in real time. The customer sets the permissions to access these secure video feeds through a registered Aquabotix online account, which prevents unauthorised viewing.

The AquaLens Connect camera system can be used individually, or multiple units can be connected through the cloud into a network of underwater cameras, all controlled and viewed on a single screen through our proprietary operating system.

The combination of a fully digital platform and Live Remote Viewing will allow fish farmers to move from managing multiple, standalone farms to managing a connected, coordinated, multi-location enterprise at a higher, centralised level. That’s a major game-changer.

Operating on a completely digital platform has many other advantages for fish farmers, including that the Endura’s driving system app runs on a standard iPad or laptop, so there’s no need to purchase or learn to use a proprietary controller.

Also, the operator can save the recordings directly to the vehicle’s onboard memory via the Endura app, with just a click or a tap so there’s no need for a separate recoding module. If there is a problem with an ROV, even in a remote location, the operator can use Endura’s cloud-enabled remote diagnostics capability to triage the vehicle in the field. And since the Endura’s components are modular, they can be replaced in the field, if necessary, to get the vehicle running properly again as quickly as possible.

As the aquaculture industry continues to thrive, it is essential that fish farmers have the tools they need to ensure that their fish also thrive in a contained environment. We are excited to be ushering in a new era of IoT technology for aquaculture that will ultimately transform the industry, and to introduce the first of many future cloud-driven innovations that will enable an unprecedented level of sophistication, connectivity, coordination and insight into the management of aquaculture operations.

15-16 FEBRUARY 2018 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE & TRADESHOW ON AQUACULTURE, FISHING INDUSTRY, VERTICAL FARMING AND ALGACULTURE

PORDENONE EXHIBITION CENTER - (VENICE AREA - ITALY)

WWW.AQUAFARM.SHOW ORGANIZERS:

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY #2

by Henning Gatz, President, Aquacare Environment Inc., USA

Having been involved in fish farm design, construction and support since 1987, I have seen many new technologies come and go. Often a vendor offers a 'black box' that is intended to solve problems for fish farmers and reduce risk. Many of these are backed by slick brochures and hefty advertising budgets, but still fail to become adopted by the aquaculture industry. The reason is usually that the 'black box' does not live up to its promise, is too complicated, too expensive, and too unreliable.

Oxygenation in intensive commercial fish farms using Oxyflow速 One of the key process technologies required for intensive fish farming is dissolving oxygen gas into the farm water.

There are many technologies available to accomplish this, ranging from simple low head oxygenators (LHO) to very elaborate, multi-stage processes operating at elevated pressures and controlled by computers.

What the commercial fish farmer really wants and needs is a simple, reliable process for dissolving oxygen gas into the water that does not cost more than necessary and can be maintained by farm personnel without a huge time requirement. Above all it needs to be reliable, even during disruptive events like power failures.

In 2010, JLH Consulting and Aquacare began an initiative to lower the cost of land-based intensive fish farming operations. This initiative focused on two of the largest cost factors: pumping head and oxygenation.

The pumping head has now been reduced by several meters by lowering the bio filter and CO2 strippers to a level where gravity can supply them, and only pumping clean filtered water back to the fish tanks with high flow, low head pumps. This reduction in pumping head led to another challenge; oxygenation with lower head.

In 2012, we had the good fortune to meet the people at France Oxygenation (FOX) who have developed and marketed a simple, reliable and efficient oxygen saturator under the name of Oxyflow速.

Upon closer examination, this unit process technology was exactly what we were seeking to lower the cost of dissolving large amounts of oxygen into the fish farm water, reliably and efficiently. Fox Oxygenation was established as a specialist oxygenation technology company in 2005, after founder Bohumil Sevic developed the technology in 1977 as a research engineer for Air Liquide in France. He was able to retain the I.P. after leaving Air Liquide. Since then Mr Sevic has continued to refine and evolve the technology to where it is today.

Essentially, the Oxyflow速 is an LHO that operates in a sealed vessel thus not breaking head pressure.

Process water enters the top of the unit under mild pressure of about 0.3 bars. The water next passes through a horizontal drilled plate with specially shaped orifice holes (number and size determined by flow rate required), which jets the water downward through an oxygen atmosphere approximately 20 cm deep.

When the jets strike the water surface below, they cause a high turbulence and create a bubble cloud of pure oxygen that extends downwards to 40cm below the surface of the water. These buoyant bubbles flow upwards, counter to the downward water flow in such a way that the downward velocity is not strong enough to carry the bubbles out of the chamber, hence the only way the oxygen gas can escape the Oxyflow速 unit is to become dissolved in the water. Bubbles that break the water surface inside the unit are again subjected to the turbulence of the downward jets until they become dissolved.

38 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY Thus the goal of reliable, cost effective transfer of gaseous oxygen into dissolved oxygen is accomplished. While the oxygen use efficiency of the Speece Cone may be marginally higher than the Oxyflow®, the five times energy cost of the Speece Cone more than outweighs such benefits. An example would be dissolving 10kg O2/h at 28°C into fish farm water.

The Oxyflow® requires 3.9kW while the Speece Cone requires 21.4 kW, a savings of 82 percent for the Oxyflow®.

This translates into over US$18,000 savings per year with electricity at US$0.12/kWh. The savings are even better at cooler water temperatures. These savings are due to the Oxyflow® operating at 0.3 bar versus 3 bar for the typical Speece cone.

The Oxyflow® and its related devices have been in use on fish farms in Europe since 1994. There is currently an installed base of over 183 units in Europe, 47 units in the US, and 16 in Australia. The Oxyflow® has a very reliable design, with no moving parts or restrictive passages. The Speece Cone is somewhat similar but only with one large jet at high pressure instead of multiple low-pressure jets that create more oxygen/water contact area at a much lower pressure. The LHO is also similar, but loses head as water flows through it and is less efficient at dissolving oxygen.

Furthermore, the Oxyflow facilitates the oxygenation of all the water supplied to the fish tank, not just a side stream loop, for more constant oxygen levels throughout the tank. This has important benefits for the fish in the tank, with better mixing and more even oxygen distribution inside the tank. The Oxyflow® can be combined with a constant pressure pump to maintain proper flow through the process unit under varying conditions.

Double Shaft Paddle Mixers (DPMA) The Wynveen double shaft paddle mixers, realizes high mixing capacity with a relative small mixer content. The mixer has a mixing time, depending on the product type and quantity, from 30 to 60 seconds.

Features • Capacities available from 500 to 20.000 liters • Mixing accuracy of 1:100.000/C.V. < 5% • Short mixing time of approximately 30-60 seconds • Minimum filling degree will be 25% of the nominal content • Extra wide bomb doors.

www.wynveen.com International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 39

FEATURE

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY #3

by Deep Trekker

In the exciting world of underwater robotics, Deep Trekker is a global leader in rugged and portable submersible robots. Today, Deep Trekker is pleased to announce their newest product line, the DTPod.

360 degree viewing camera - The DTPod released at World Aquaculture 2017 The DTPod is a submersible surveillance camera system, designed for both drop camera inspections and permanent installations, providing instant video to the surface from underwater. Deep Trekkerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s DTG2 and DTX2 underwater drones (Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) are operating in more than 80 countries globally; their flagship products becoming the 'go to' tool for a multitude of underwater industries.

With an innovation award from the North American Society for Trenchless Technology, the recent release of a 4K-camera upgrade to the DTG2 and DTX2 ROVs, and the launch of the uniquely designed magnetic DT640 Utility Crawler, 2017 has been an incredible year thus far.

In keeping with the forward momentum driven by listening to customer feedback and a desire to continue to implement innovative technology, Deep Trekker is pleased to introduce the DTPod. It is designed to be installed as a permanent fixture, or used as a drop camera.

The handheld controller is able to relay real time visuals and data to the surface by simply plugging in the controller topside and having the 360 pan and tilt camera go to work. The same splash proof controller can allow access to an entire fleet of installed cameras without having to maneuver large, bulky equipment or risk a laptop near water.

The DTPod will allow fish farmers to have easy access to their nets, moorings and fish behaviour.

Likewise, the DTPod can also be utilised as a convenient option for structural inspections, such as tanks or bridges. The design principals are based on the same favourite features of other Deep Trekker products; portability, durability, ease of use, and low cost of ownership.

The DTPod is built with rugged 316 stainless steel to withstand long installations, even at great depths (depth rating options of 300m (1000ft). Additional options include zoom camera upgrades, wipers and thrusters when working in high current areas. Equipped with a low light HD camera and powerful LED floodlights, the camera delivers high quality imagery, making it the perfect addition to underwater ROVs. Deep Trekker is no stranger to Aquaculture operations; the DTG2 ROV is the defacto-standard among aquaculture farm sites.

An example is a global leader in Aquaculture, Marine Harvest, Jayaprabandh Pudota, Harmful Plankton Monitor/ Technician explained, â&#x20AC;&#x153;We have been using DTG2 smart

40 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY unit for more than a year now in our aquaculture operations.

It worked really well for us. It took away a lot of costly dive time. This was the low cost, portable and easy to operate machine at the time we bought.

I believe, it still is. The best things about this purchasing this machine is, ease of operation, very cooperative sales team and best after sale support and service. Very low down time observed with the machine too as most of minor repairs can be done on site.”

The DTPod design came as a response to the growing demand of aquaculture operations to have a permanent installation to quickly access to view specific areas of a site. This addition provides an ideal complement to the DTG2 and DTX2 'free swimming drones', by providing a constant view of a specific area, while the ROVs are maneuvered to inspect nets and other areas of interest.

About Deep Trekker

Deep Trekker Inc. was founded in 2010 with a mission to create portable, affordable, and easy to use underwater inspection tools. The company is headquartered in Ontario Canada, with engineering and manufacturing all completed in house. These robust underwater robots are currently being used around the world in industries such as aquaculture, commercial diving, municipalities, police search and rescue, military, and research.

For more information, visit Deep Trekker at www.deeptrekker.com and request a quote for your fleet of underwater surveillance cameras.

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PRODUCTION OF FISH FEED WITH THE EXTRUDER TYPE OEE

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International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 41

Industry Events Events listing n 02 - 04/08/17 - AQUA FISHERIES CAMBODIA 2017 Cambodia WEB: veas.com.vn n 15 - 18/08/17 - AQUA NOR 2017 Norway WEB: aqua-nor.no AquaNorExhibition n 11 -13/09/17 - CICFO China WEB: cicfo.com n 19 - 21/09/17 - LIVESTOCK ASIA 2017 EXPO & FORUM Malaysia WEB: livestockasia.com livestockasia15 n 17 - 20/10/17 - AQUACULTURE EUROPE 2017 Croatia WEB: easonline.org WorldAquacultureSociety wrldaquaculture n 18 - 20/10/17 - ILDEX INDONESIA 2017 Indonesia WEB: vnuexhibitionsap.com ILDEXEXHIBITIONS ildexexhibition n 07 - 10/11/17 - LACQUA Mexico WEB: was.org WorldAquacultureSociety wrldaquaculture n 08 - 10/11/17 - EXPO PESCA & ACUIPERU 2017 Peru WEB: thaiscorp.com n 09 - 11/11/17 - TAIWAN INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES & SEAFOOD SHOW Taiwan WEB: taiwanfishery.com n 07 – 08/12/17 - FOI 2017, FATS & OILS ISTANBUL / FGI 2017 Turkey WEB: agripro.com.tr n 13 - 16/11/18 - EuroTier 2018 Germany WEB: eurotier.com

Aqua Nor 2017 Aqua Nor will be held August 15-18, 2017, it is the world’s largest aquaculture technology exhibition.

The event has been being run since 1979, it has become an important international meeting place for the aquaculture industry.

In recent years, Aqua Nor has drawn about 20,000 visitors from up to 76 nations to its halls.

Many of the latest innovations important for the industry are presented.

Aquaculture has developed intensely since the exhibition first opened, and technology, processes and services related to farming salmon, marine species, molluscs etc., are represented at the event. Also represented are many major aquaculture focused nations, either as exhibitors, visitors, or in official delegations.

Modern aquaculture has very advanced technology, a statement true in all fields: breeding, feed and feeding regimes, biomass control, construction and operation of floating cages, nets, safety equipment, well boats, handling of fish, veterinary medicine, vaccines etc. All of these topics are things that Aqua Nor promise to represent.

Professional highlights During the event numerous seminars, mini-conferences, lectures, debates and presentations will be held.

Social events The exhibition also provides plentiful opportunities for social events. Visitors and exhibitors alike can participate in various social events both during the day and in the evening.

The event organisers describe the setting as “perfect for meeting old friends as well as new contacts and customers in an informal setting.”

Logistic details With tickets starting from NOK150 and free shuttle busses between city hotels and the exhibition area every day, be sure to register now before time runs out.

Visit www.aqua-nor.no for more details and instructions on how to do so.

One-day extrusion course for Middle East International Aqua Feed magazine and Texas A&M University will be organizing a one-day Aquafeed Extrusion Course on the day proceeding VIV Middle East on February 4, 2018.

This course will cover the principle of extrusion, single- verses twin-screw extruders and an up-date on global aquafeed.

Drying of aquafeeds, ingredient and feed analysis, grinding and maintaining aquafeed quality will also be subjects covered on the day. If you or your company is planning to attend VIV Middle East from February 5-6, 2018, make plans to arrive a day earlier to attend this course.

Reservations are accepted on a first-come basis. For more information, programs and application forms, contact Tuti Tan at Aquafeed magazine: tutit@aquafeed.co.uk

Aquaculture Innovation Following the success of the global Animal Health Innovation series, Kisaco Research is launching the Aquaculture Innovation Summit, 27-29 September 2017, London, UK. The two-day programme, put together with the help of key industry figures such as Avrim Lazar from the Global Salmon Initiative, will feature a showcase covering three key areas: digital farming, feed and health.

The companies presenting here will be competing for the prestigious “CEO award for innovation.”

This will be an investment and business-development focused conference, with a high number of one-on-one private meetings for all attendees: Meet start-ups, Find investors, Source new clients and Talk about global initiatives for sustainability with CEOs from the GSI. Aquaculture Innovation is a global industry forum designed as a neutral business networking and partnership platform on which senior executives from leading multinational firms can leverage as both a meeting place and a marketplace

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For more industry event information - visit our events register www.aquafeed.co.uk 42 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

SHOWCASING THE MOST EXCITING INNOVATION IN FARM MANAGEMENT, NUTRITION AND HEALTH INNOVATION SHOWCASE The 12 most exciting innovations in aquaculture

Applications open!

www.aquaculture-innovation.com

27-29 September 2017 Millennium Gloucester London, UK

@AHInnovation

The University of Limerick (UL) is a rapidly growing, modern university. UL is a young, energetic and enterprising university with a proud record of innovation in education, and excellence in research and scholarship. We take great pride in attracting students who are seeking a supportive learning environment to help nurture and achieve their personal and professional dreams.

UL is highly regarded for conducting leading-edge research in key areas such as biological sciences, information and communication technologies, materials and surface science, environment & bioengineering and humanities & social sciences.

Limerick is in western Ireland, an ideal starting point to explore the Wild Atlantic Way. Shannon International airport is only 24km away with frequent bus connections. Limerick, with an urban and hinterland population of over 200,000, has something to offer everybody thanks to its many cultural, historical, architectural, sporting, shopping and business activities. With almost 50 per cent of Limerickâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s population under the age of 30, it is a vibrant, living, cosmopolitan city.

www.ul.ie International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 43

Tanja Hoel Alejandro Bernal The Seafood Zoetis Innovation Cluster

Animal Health Innovation Network

We have the largest work placement programme of any university in Ireland, with a network of over 1700 employers Amazing academic and sporting facilities on a stunning campus Graduate employment rates that are 18% above the Irish average

South Africa

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The World Aquaculture 2017 event in Cape Town, South Africa was the first occasion for its venue in the African continent. It had a strong theme, which underpinned the ethos of sustainable aquatic food production from a variety of production systems, including; finish and marine invertebrates of high commercial value, all over an intensive yet fulfilling five days.

- CAPE TOW

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017

ULTURE C A U 2 AQ

International Aquafeed Editor, Professor Simon Davies shares his thoughts about the latest edition of World Aquaculture his years theme really captured this multi-disciplinary industry with sponsors such as the prime gold Sponsor Aller Aqua, feed manufactures based in Denmark that have a strong presence in Africa and a number of session sponsors from leading companies involved in aquatic health, nutrition and fish biology (MSD,

Skretting, World Fish).

Many other leading industrial groups such as feed and nutrition companies from across the globe were present and International Aquafeed were of course there to interact and report.

The conference setting (Cape Town International Convention Centre) near the impressive wharf and sea front with its modern bars and fine restaurants provided a most professional assemblage of commercial companies, government bodies (The Department of Science & Technology, Republic of South Africa), technologists and numerous students associated with the fish farming industry representing global interests and the socioeconomic as well as technological advancement of aquaculture throughout the continent of Africa and beyond.

This annual meeting was co-organised by the Aquaculture Association of Southern Aquaculture Africa (AASA and the South African Department of Agriculture, Forestry And Fisheries, DAFF). It also attracted support from World Fish Centre, The African Union and NEPAD amongst others.

The attendance was very good and certainly international as I met many colleagues from various countries, all contributing to the speaking programme of scientific presentations and those representing industry at the large exhibition complex and stands.

The focus was clearly on South Africa with its rich potential for developing aquaculture but with much representation internationally for established and emerging technologies in fish and crustacean farming, as well as shellfish and exotic species relevant to other parts of the world with emphasis on South East Asia and beyond.

It was my first opportunity to meet young talented students from Stellenbosch University, famous for agriculture but with a strong fish group working on areas such as fish nutrition and feed technology.

I met with a Professor whose company is Africa’s only feed extruder manufacturer with bespoke equipment for fish feed production suited to local species but with much potential for export into Europe, for advanced fish feed production.

The trade show and exhibitors were very busy with a great attendance in full flow with many key areas covered with an array of specialist equipment and products on display. More than 2,000 delegates from across the global aquaculture industry and related sectors registered for the event, comprising a good number of local students from Colleges and Universities in South Africa, Africa and beyond to whom I was able to meet and chat.

The trade show encompassed some 90 exhibitors in the main hall and a separate function and lecture halls was available for the academic sessions running in parallel. There was a very wide ranging display of posters from academia reflecting many of the specialised topics with a strong research focus mainly the work of postgraduate students from leading universities and colleges from all over the world in all manner of disciplines embracing mainly the aquaculture biosciences.

On the nutrition front, the Nutreco owned Skretting feed company (Skretting Africa) was fully behind the conference in Cape Town. It funded and hosted a special seminar at the event, called ‘Tilapia Nutrition Symposium’ that focused particularly on tilapia feeds, feed ingredients and nutrition and was chaired

by Dr Arjen Roem, Technical Director at Skretting Africa and Dr Lourens De Wet, Director of Nutrition Hub (formerly University of Stellenbosch).

Aller Aqua had a very comprehensive involvement in the conference and is one of Europe’s most established feed companies with factories in Denmark, Poland, Germany and Egypt with new developments in Zambia and Egypt. Their role in Africa is expanding and they have a high quality range of diets for rainbow trout, carp as well as tilapia and catfish so relevant to the meeting in Cape Town.

Blue Aqua based in Singapore were evident with a large stand displaying a range of innovative products for shrimp hatchery feeds and on-growing with emphasis on sustainable nutrition and health options.

There were other WAS premium sponsors along with Sonac, Tyson and Ziegler of the USA. Sonac and Tyson specialise in high quality animal proteins, mainly poultry by-product meals

44 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events for aquatic feeds and Ziegler is committed to the hatchery phase of feeding with an exclusive range of larval feeds for shrimp but also very active in other products such as feeds for zebra fish and various diets for fish and shrimp at all stages of production.

In addition there were very interesting stands with novel single cell algae and other exotic feed ingredients on offer with the presence of Entomo Farm that produces and transforms insects for the fish farming industry, insect meal has just had approval for use in aquaculture in Europe as I write and has a very attractive nutritional value with respect to protein quality and especially amino acid profile for fish.

On the subject of amino acids, it was so good to see Evonik Nutrition and Care (Evonik Africa) as a leading partner in the promotion of animal nutrition solutions. Famous for their amino acid technology, the company is developing bespoke amino acid products for species like tilapia and dipeptide forms for increased stability and efficacy over the production phases of farmed fish and shrimp where more precise amino acid delivery can be achieved to support feed ingredients where amino acid inadequacy could arise. This allows more flexible feed formulation scenarios. Evonik is also working to expand into new areas such as algal biomass production in partnership with other companies.

Interestingly, a company from India (Cyamopsis Bitech (India)) PVT Ltd displayed a novel vegetable protein derived from Guar Korma. This material has potential in warm water fish feeds due to its 55 percent protein concentration and also valuable carbohydrate and oil energy sources. It is a non-GMO product and is likely to be attractive in formulations for a wide range of fish in Europe and where GMO is constrained by public perception.

JEFO Nutrition Inc from Canada is a leading Canadian company with a very dynamic role in all aspects of production and animal nutrition and strongly engaged in the aquaculture feed market. They were enthusiastically promoting their new enzyme systems in order to augment the complex digestive process in fish and shrimp with their research demonstrating significant gains in weight gain and improved feed efficiency in shrimp and also in many fish. Their expansion into the world market follows much success in Latin America and especially in Mexico where tilapia and shrimp production is growing rapidly.

The Brazilian feed company Poli-Nutri Alimentos established in 1989 had an interesting perspective on Aquafeed production with a unique suite of complete feeds, additives and supplements for fish including ornamental species.

Likewise it was good to greet the Raman Fish Feed Ltd from Israel provide feeds for marine fish such as sea bream and sea bass and freshwater fish such as trout and sturgeon. They are expanding into Africa with diets for tilapia and catfish in Ghana.

Tilapia breeding and genetics was represented by FishGen Ltd based in Swansea, Wales at the Hatchery International stand and

by Til-Aqua International BV from the Netherlands. This was most pertinent for the needs of a continent where tilapia is such an important fish as it is globally now attaining some 6M tonnes of production.

Various local agencies were in Cape Town in force such as BJK Industries that trade feed ingredients and proteins for Aquafeed production. Other NGOâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s included AU-IBAR /NEPAD the technical Inter African Bureau of the African Union. Several countries sent representatives to this conference for regional aquaculture development including personnel from the Fisheries and Aquaculture Agencies of Mauritius and the Seychelles.

WORLDWIDE CALENDAR 2017-2018 VIV MEA 2018

FEBRUARY 5-7, ABU DHABI, U. A. E.

VIV Europe 2018

JUNE 20-22, UTRECHT, THE NETHERLANDS

VIV Turkey 2017

VIV China 2018

JULY 6-8, ISTANBUL, TURKEY

SEPTEMBER 17-19, NANJING, CHINA

WWW.VIV.NET International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 45

POULTRY Africa 2017 OCTOBER 4-5, KIGALI, RWANDA

Indeed, Aquaculture without Frontiers (AwF UK) were present with its platform for training and promoting interactions and exchanges for the development of aquaculture in developing nations and emphasising young talent and training opportunities.

The AquaBioTech Group from Malta are always a delightful presence in all the World Aquaculture and Associated events and are leaders in the area of contact feeding trials, fish health management consultancy, aquarium and research facility design on a truly impressive global scale with recent awards for their technology in the Middle East and in many parts of Europe and SE Asia.

The engineering dimension of aquaculture was evident with a number of companies promoting processing plants and advice on extrusion technologies for Aquafeed such as CFAM Technologies of South Africa and the equipment specialists CM Aqua Technologies from Denmark specialising in water filtration and, disinfection and oxygenation. Oxy-Guard International were among many advocating control systems and monitoring equipment for wide use in fish farms and increasingly in RAS recirculation facilities. PCI gases from the USA featured a display of oxygen generators that could be used in different aquaculture conditions especially in advance intensive production in tanks, raceways and ponds.

Wenger manufacturing Inc. from the USA are regular attendees of these WAS events and it was interesting to speak with them about the recent developments being made in the use of extruders and associated equipment for Aquafeed production for various applications. Feed production technology is both an art as well as a science and this company has great expertise in this field over many years.

I found the scientific programme quite robust in the quality of talks and I was able to visit some of these in between sessions, although impossible to attend all at once. They were mostly very well attended with parallel sessions covering every facet of aquaculture technology, there were clear favourite areas and some perhaps more specialised for a smaller audience. These included a strong fish and shellfish disease aspect with chemo-therapy, diagnostic measures and use of new drugs stated by experts. A separate immunology session dealt with molecular techniques to define defence mechanisms in fish and shrimp leading to lively debate.

For my interests of course the nutrition sessions were of prime importance and numerous experts discussed an array of alternative feed ingredients, the fishmeal and oil burden with many opportunities to witness ideas as to where demand and supply will take us over the next decade and the need for complimentary high quality and sustainable feeds for shrimp and fish. I found the series of lectures on the new potential for innovative feed ingredients most informative and ‘food for thought’ as we approach the end of this decade and plan the next era of fish farming with modern diets and to serve the requirements of so many diverse fish species in a sustainable and efficient manner. The salmonids were also covered with some interesting contemporary talks addressing diploid and triploid salmon comparisons and pre and post smolt physiology and adaptation to various rearing environments. These areas are of prime importance in improving health and performance of salmon

in temperate zones and significant too when we consider new types of systems such as RAS. Given the importance of tilapia to the region there was a special section on tilapia nutrition where I too had a paper presented with my former PhD student from Nigeria. Likewise there was a sector on African catfish production with of course a strong African flavour and appropriate scientific speakers. Other sessions were devoted to the topical issue of ITMA (Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture) systems and a specialised new area concerning metabolomics in use of biomarkers in fish relating to health status evaluations.

There were several invertebrate sessions focusing on mussels, oysters and sea urchins, sea cucumbers and a large session concerning shrimp genetics, breeding, hatchery and disease issues. Biofloc had its own dedicated session and was most appropriate to its increased role in shrimp production in many parts of the world.

Aquaculture, like most industries requires much legislation and good policy drivers and these were included in the conference venue with regional overviews of North and West Africa and the global outlook and development strategies.

As an academic and educator, it was a real pleasure to see students and the budding aquaculturists’ of tomorrow being given support and encouragement with a session on education, extension and technology transfer by leading experts in the field.

The socio-economic underpinning of fish farming and a global aquaculture development is a prominent and vital aspect of good effective governance and meeting the sustainable agenda of so many countries. The role of aquaculture in mitigating against global poverty, providing employment, creating wealth and ensuring gender equality was strongly highlighted.

Of course no conference and trade exhibition of WAS is complete without the social side where we were all able to engage in networking and dialogue across the disciplines. We had the welcoming reception and also student receptions and a happy hour each day culminating with the President’s dinner in the main foyer of the conference centre.

A very welcome addition to the symposium was Skretting’s special longstanding relationship with Cape Town’s world famous Two Oceans Aquarium. As such all-conference delegates were given a free pass to visit the aquarium throughout the week of the event, these were jointly sponsored

by Skretting and Two Oceans.

It was a wonderful place to see the fantastic displays of marine life and worth every moment in this incredible aquarium within the harbour complex of shops, cafes and fine dining.

It was a very long flight back home made easier on a new KLM Boeing 787 Dreamliner. I reflected how aquaculture in all its many ways had advanced over my 31years of involvement that I marked on July 1, 2017 in Cape Town and how fortunate I have been to teach so many students at all levels and especially postgraduates, many of who have developed careers in aquaculture and making their own contributions. Some were there in person!

So on to the next WAS meeting in 2018 to be held in Montpellier, France the theme being ‘We R Aquaculture’ It will be in August and no doubt very warm in a European summer setting. One to look forward to indeed with the French cuisine and wine!

46 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

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Industry Events

XVI

World Water Congress

by Alex Whitebrook, International Aquafeed

The XVI World Water Congress, May 29- June 3, 2017, is organised by the International Water Resources Association (IWRA) and hosted in Cancun, Mexico by CONAGUA – Mexico’s water authority.

This conference is a primary marker on the road to next years World Water Forum held in Brazil and I am extremely excited to be involved. Though the focus of the event is purely on water security, quality and management, the implications for the aquaculture industry are monumental. I spent the week attending a multitude of fascinating and informative sessions on anything and everything water related.

Opening session

The World Water Congress opened with members from a high level panel of officials across the world and across the water sector. Patrick Levard, President of the IWRA, opened the event with a reminder of the critical role water holds in sustainable development, as enshrined in the 2015 adoption of the 6th Sustainable Development Goal (SDG). Water has vast implications on other sectors including health, education, climate change, food and energy, and these areas of focus would emerge again and again as the week progressed.

Patrick went on to introduce the remaining members of the opening panel, whom included some of the most important water professionals in the region and across the world. They included: Peña Nieto, President of CONAGUA; Rafael Alaman, Mexico’s Minister of Environment and Natural Resources; Benedito Braga, World water council President; Mr Guihua Lu, Vice-Minister for Water Resources for the People’s Republic of China; H.E. Mr Diene Faye, State Secretary for Hydraulics, Senegal; Mr Haksoo Lee, President of the Asia Water Council; Mr Tony Slayter, Special Adviser on Water to Australia’s Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade; and, Mr Paulo Salles, Co-Chair of the eighth World Water Forum. Representatives of major International Non-government Organisations (NGOs), such as Karin Krchnak, Director of the World Wildlife Fund’s Freshwater Program, were also in attendance.

Day one

Hitting the ground running on my first day at the conference, I met and learnt from so many water professionals. It was a

difficult choice on which sessions to attend, with the Congress having the broad theme of ‘aligning science and policy’, and covering every niche of the water industry.

‘Water Security in a Changing World: Alternative Sources of Water’ marked the first of the regular sessions I attended, in which representatives from different institutions around the world presented the findings of their research in water.

Dr Yoram Eckstein provided the most interesting point of discussion in his presentation entitled “The Future of Water”.

Advocating for the use of wastewater treatment and desalination to tackle water shortages, he used Israel as the archetypal example of water-smart country enacting such policy – where 75 percent of all wastewater is recycled, drip irrigation in used on 60 percent of all agricultural activities, and desalination is used to supplement the rest of the country’s water demand.

Going beyond this efficient use of water, the remaining brine from the desalination process is evaporated so that the salt may be mined for other uses, and significantly reducing the waste product of the desalination process. In recognising that the case of each country is different, Dr Eckstein noted that cost barriers effect the use of these methods in many countries, but that a similar kind of innovative spirit must be pursued, and bureaucratic limits to progress, such as costly licensing, must be withdrawn.

All-in-all the first day of the World Water Congress left me thirsty for more. Presentations such as Dr Eckstein’s prove that better water management will also be crucial for the future of aquaculture, as water becomes scarcer, and wastewater treatment will become exceedingly important.

Day two

The second day of the conference continued to exceed my expectations. This time around I attended an excellent presentation from a special high-level panel on water and climate change. As environmental conservation is becoming an increasingly important point of focus for the aquaculture industry, this session provided useful information on how policy and science can work together to sustainably use water and tackle climate change. The session focused upon three questions:

How can we make a contribution that is going to impact across the sectors?

This is one of the most difficult challenges to the water sector,

48 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events as it is continuously obvious that not enough focus is given the sharing of skills and knowledge across sectors for the greater benefit of the water sector. The only way that more information will be shared between sectors is through reaching out at events such as this congress, and making sure water professionals are present at key events and projects of work in other sectors. As aquaculture is directly related to water management, this kind of cross-sectoral engagement is extremely important.

What role must development banks take against climate change and water?

As increasingly extreme weather, caused by climate change, is disrupting the water cycle in many areas around the world, development banks must help countries to be resilient. Only by partnering with development banks and academia will water professionals be able to contribute to development and resilience against climate change. The same holds true for the growth of the aquaculture industries within developing countries.

How can science contribute?

One of the biggest challenges to directing research down the most useful pathway is the incentive system in science. It is far more likely for scientists to pursue issues that will bring them greater publicity, when big issues such as water scarcity are often neglected. Due to this issue, it is difficult for scientists to make a significant contribution as they may be out of touch.

Therefore, in order to harness the naturally interdisciplinary issue of water scarcity, science needs to be directed by policy makers to take on a problem-solving focus. Researchers in the field of aquaculture may assist in leading this push towards greater attention on water scarcity.

All in all, everything in relation to climate change will come down to water. It will be the resource most impacted by climate change, and so it will be important to continue pushing for cooperation and discourse through international and political dialogues. Different sectors such as the scientific community or the business community will have to be engaged in various ways, and the most direct and immediate way to reach each of them will be through a top-down policy approach. For example, pilot tests on water management are prevalent, so support should be given to such projects to help increase scalability.

Ultimately, the decision lies with policy makers to facilitate the building of ties between water and other sectors, including aquaculture, in order to tackle the larger issue of climate change.

Day three

The third day of the XVI world water congress provided a stark contrast to the high profile presentations of the two days prior, as I was given the opportunity to contribute to on-the-ground water aid. I met with Scott Hill, who was using his time at the conference to deliver water purifiers to local villages, and allowed me to join him on one of his trips. Hill worked for Operation blessing, an NGO dedicated to improving food and water security in developing countries or during conflict and natural disasters.

Meeting Hill first thing in the morning, we drove for 1.5 hours out of Cancun to reach a tiny village with only a few houses, each half-hidden by trees and spaced out at irregular intervals along a winding dirt track. Hill and his team had visited the village previously to take a sample of their drinking water and test it for bacterial contaminants, and found that the water contained bacteria at the highest possible detectable levels. Given the severity of the issue, educating the youth of the village on safe water management was our target.

Starting with the primary school, we explained the dangers of International Aquafeed - August 2017 | 49

FEATURE

drinking dirty water and showed them a noxious bag of water that had turned blue from the tests of the previous trip.

I enjoyed the tactile approach of the team; the students, who were of all ages and packed in to two small rooms, were fascinated by the pungent smell of the tested water as it was passed around. We had their attention immediately.

Hill then introduced the teachers and children to an impressive little device developed by Operation Blessing with the help of external researchers. The device was able to produce a small amount of chlorine by electrolysis of saline solution to catalyse a reaction (2 NaCl + 2 H2O > Cl2 + H2 + 2 NaOH).

The saline solution could be produced by adding some table salt to a small bottle of water. Although the device relied on electricity, it was also equipped with a small solar panel, allowing for easy charging if there was no regular access to electricity. Once added to the 20 Litre bags of water we had collected from the local well, the water was purified, and many of the students enjoyed it.

In all, I was fascinated by the commendable work of Operation Blessing. The health benefits they delivered to such isolated and struggling communities was both life changing for the individuals they brought this technology to, and inspiring to witness.

Although their efforts only affect small groups of people in poor communities, the cumulative social impact is enormous. The enormous potential for the aquaculture industry to produce a similar affect through increased food security for the world must continue to be pursued by businesses, governments and NGOs alike.

Day four

The fourth day of the XVI World Water Congress saw me back in the main conference hall. The day had a decidedly Chinese focus, with the most interesting and relevant presentation focusing on water security issues for China in a changing environment.

The UN defines water security as, “The capacity of a population to safeguard sustainable access to adequate quantities of acceptable quality water for sustaining livelihoods.”

The session opened with the shocking statement that 3.4 billion people die of water-related issues each year, of which 99 percent are from developing countries.

China is a great example of how water insecurity has constrained development, as a severely unequal distribution of water impacts the food security of the entire country. Whilst the water rich south has produced rapid urbanisation in the past 50 years, the largely rural north has become responsible for the majority of China’s agriculture under water-scarce conditions.

Currently this issue is being tackled by the multi-decade South to North Water Diversion Project, and whilst much is being done to tackle water scarcity in the north, the development of China’s population and economy has led to extra strain on water availability in the south as agricultural, industrial and domestic consumers each compete over limited resources. The speakers at this session each presented analytical tools through which water could be better managed, providing hope for a more water-secure future.

This issue of scarcity causing increased competition and conflict is an increasing concern for the aquaculture industry. Whilst fish stocks plummet around the world and disease ravages domestic populations, underlying water scarcity and pollution are emerging as key causes and symptoms of these larger issues.

Better use of analytical tools, possibly developed within the water industry, may become exponentially important in years to come.

In all, the fourth day of the XVI world water congress was a much slower day than those that came before it. I found myself with a lot of time to network with globally like-minded

individuals. There were fewer presentations that I was interested in attending, but I nonetheless gained valuable insight from those I did attend.

Day five

By the final day of the conference, I had seen most of what I wanted, and met too many people to keep track of. The half-day did feature one interesting panel discussion led by Australia’s resident water expert.

Anthony Slatyer consults the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade on water governance and management, both domestically and internationally. He was attending the XVI World Water Congress on behalf of the Australian Prime Minister, Malcolm Turnbull, to represent Australia in its leading role on the High Level Panel on Water.

The High Level Panel includes 11 heads of states and government from around the world, and was established in support of Sustainable Development Goal 6: “Ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.”

As a valuable member of the panel, Australia enacted the Water Data Initiative. This initiative holds similar aims to the theme of this years World Water Congress, ‘Bridging science and Policy’, by striving to give policy makers better access to scientific data to inform their decisions. The Data Initiative has begun its efforts, Slatyer informed the audience, by setting standards for metrics and assessments under work programmes of national and international bodies with a relevant mandate.

Once such standards come into effect, a non-commercial, opensource database may be hosted at UNESCO headquarters for all countries to access.

Informative and enlightening

By speaking directly to the heart of the aims of the XVI World Water Conference, this last session was an excellent way to complete and excellent week. Not only was the experience informative and enlightening, it was also progressive by enabling the spread of ideas and facilitation of new partnerships between people and across industries.

I look forward to my next opportunity to attend.

50 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

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the interview Leon Günther, CEO, Aller Aqua, Zambia Aller Aqua produce fish feed for freshwater and saltwater aquaculture.

It is a family owned company, with a long history. They have been producing fish feed for more than 50 years; making them one of the worlds most experienced fish feed producers.

We reported earlier this year the construction of the factory that will host the headquarters for Aller Aqua Zambia, of which Leon Günther is now the CEO. Recently he said of the development, “The Aller Aqua Zambian factory is an industry-shifting investment in the Southern African aquaculture value-chain. This local aqua feed manufacturing capability will make international quality products available to the SADAC market with a delivery-time and customer support that has not been available until now.”

With nearly two decades experience in the stock feeds industry and nearly a decade of experience in the pet food industry specifically, Mr Günthers passion for aquaculture and aqua feed although relatively new, through this interview it is clear to see, that passions runs deep.

What is your background and when did you decide Aquaculture was a field you wanted to work in?

I have been in the stock feeds industry for more than 18 years and got involved with the pet food industry in 2008 with the manufacturing of dog food in Zambia on a very rudimentary basis. As time progressed the technicality of the extrusion process interested me more and more and I eventually ended up manufacturing dog food, cat food and different types of fish feed mainly for the pet food industry. Today I have developed a passion for the industry as it has the potential to outperform many others sectors in the animal feed industry in Africa.

What is Aller Aqua’s involvement with the ‘Blue Revolution’ in Africa?

With this investment in Zambia, Aller Aqua is leading the “Blue Revolution” in Southern Africa. Wild fish stocks have been decimated in Zambia due to decades of over-fishing.

Aquaculture is a sustainable alternative to wild-capture fisheries and indeed more environmentally friendly than beef, pig or chicken production in terms of lower water usage and lower CO2 output. The types of fish most commonly farmed in Southern Africa require no fishmeal, which alleviates any pressure on wild stocks.

The ingredients we use, primarily soya beans, maize and wheat, are produced locally, which is a boost to local economies and increases food security by lowering dependency on imported fish and meats. Through the work of our German R&D facilities and the availability of cutting edge equipment in the Zambian factory, Aller Aqua plays a leading role in the development of feeds with more efficient conversion rates, improved fish health and minimal environmental impact.

What is Aller Aqua’s response to a lack of raw materials and quality feeds, lack of funds and regulatory framework in Sub-Saharan Africa?

In Zambia, we are fortunate to have the major raw materials, maize and soya beans locally available. Animal proteins and other raw materials are sourced internationally.

Poor quality feed is a function of poor quality raw materials and equipment not adequate for the task at hand. Extrusion is of a very technical nature and more than often you find that dedicated equipment is not being used resulting in poor quality feed. I have found that in general, Governments are very receptive to investment in the aquaculture sector and are prepared to create a positive environment.

The challenge though is to overcome the lack of infrastructure development and bureaucracy.

Is there a particular goal you wish to achieve during your role as CEO?

I see Aller Aqua Zambia establishing a comprehensive footprint in Zambia as our first priority but at the same time we will have a

focus to make our products available to neighbouring countries as well. There is huge potential in the region for growth and the limiting factor up to now has been the availability of quality aqua feed.

Is aquacultrue going to be enough of a sustainable feeding force to support the predicted population increase of 2.5 billion by 2050?

Most definitely.

With more mouths to feed, environmentally friendly protein production will become increasingly important. Tilapia fish, the most commonly farmed fish in Africa, take the lead with regards to other fish and terrestrial animals in that regard.

Tilapia are omnivorous, which enables them to convert plant matter to animal protein very efficiently. This also makes tilapia fish an intrinsically affordable protein to produce, which is important in the African markets.

Can you talk to us more about Aller Aqua’s recent investment in Zambia and the “most advanced fish feed factory in Southern Africa”? How is work on the factory progressing and what difference will it make to the people in Southern Africa?

The investment made in Zambia is US$10 million with a capacity of 50,000 tonnes per annum in its current format. By adding a second extruder line, capacity will be doubled. It is a fully automated installation and the hand over date is planned for mid-August 2017.

Due to the plant’s scale and technology, along with Aller’s global quality assurance protocols, we will be able to produce more high quality feeds for the local market than was previously possible. That high quality feed at fair prices will enable local fish farmers to yield better results within their own businesses, thus improving their livelihoods and encouraging others to begin fish farming. This will be supplemented by an established and dedicated aquaculture training center where all customers and potential customers will receive training on Aller Aqua Zambia products and best-practice fish farming techniques.

In addition to facilitating aquaculture, Aller Aqua Zambia will create 75 direct jobs in the Siavonga area of Zambia and many hundred indirect jobs from the provision of raw materials.

Finally, why are conferences such as WAS 2017, Cape Town important for businesses such as yours?

It gathers all the stakeholders together over this period and allows the industry to have a view and understanding of what is happening in aquaculture in Africa. This event was a great opportunity to put Aller Aqua Zambia on the map and will most definitely leave a positive impression about aquaculture in Zambia and the effect it will have on the region.

54 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

PEOPLE

THE INDUSTRY FACES

Sunderland Marine appoints Duncan Perrin as Aquaculture Manager

D Duncan Perrin

uncan Perrin has been appointed by Sunderland Marine as the Aquaculture Manager at the company’s head office in Newcastle upon Tyne.

Mr Perrin has been a Risk Management Surveyor in the company’s aquaculture department for 17 years; he commenced his new role this month.

Duncan will be responsible for the company’s aquaculture division and delivery of excellent customer service. He will oversee the provision of aquaculture insurance and risk management to policyholders as well as liaising with brokers, industry clients, loss adjusters, the government and NGO’s. On his appointment, he commented, “Sunderland Marine has built a strong reputation for the quality and security of the cover we have provided over the past 31 years and I am looking forward to building and enhancing relationships within the industry to ensure this continues.”

Dr Mihai Sun appointed as aquaculture nutritionist

D

r Mihai Sun has joined Zinpro Corporation as an aquaculture nutritionist.

In this position, he provides technical support and research expertise for the company’s aquaculture customers across the globe. In addition, he develops and implements research protocols, as part of the Zinpro Corporation Research and Nutritional Services (RNS) team, to identify current and future needs for trace mineral nutrition in aquaculture production and provides solutions for customers.

Dr Mihai Sun

Dr Sun has authored or co-authored a variety of peer-reviewed research articles related to aquaculture nutrition and is currently an animal nutrition reviewer for the North American Journal of Aquaculture. He earned his doctorate in animal nutrition from the University of Missouri-Columbia, his master’s degree in fish nutrition from Pukyong National University in Busan, South Korea, and his bachelor’s degree in aquaculture from Dalian Ocean University in Dalian, China. He has spent more than a decade working in the aquaculture industry, most recently serving as an aquaculture nutritionist for a North American feed manufacturer with a focus on specialty and aquatic feeds. He has also worked as an aquafeed technical manager for a feed company in Shanghai, China.

John Offord retires from Gael Force Engineering

A

fter some 17 years of intense work and dedication, Managing Director of Gael Force Engineering John Offord has retired. John has spearheaded the development of Gael Force’s engineering capabilities, specialising in marine and land based steel, reinforced concrete structure, assemblies and components, playing a pivotal role in the advancement of the SeaMate Feed Barge range, and latterly contributing to the company’s progress in pontoon and breakwater manufacturing.

Reminiscing he said “When I joined Gael Force, I was originally drafted in for three months to help start up our engineering division. 17 years later and we are building feed barge number John Offord 80, we have just completed the Oban transit berthing facility and have a very healthy enquiry book! I’ve been very lucky with my career choices and have enjoyed the challenges which have come with my time with Gael Force. At the end of the day how much you enjoy your work or otherwise comes down to people, and there are a lot of very good people at Gael Force.”

Succeeding in John’s place is Stephen Offord who has been working with Gael Force in the position of Production Director for over two years; experience bolstered by his past 11 years as an Engineering Officer with the Royal Navy.

Joe Kearns retires from Wenger Manufacturing Inc.

J

oe Kearns, Vice President Aquafeed Division and Aquaculture Process Engineering Manager, Wenger Manufacturing Inc., has retired after 40 years with the company.

Joe worked on all global projects relating to production of aquatic feeds by extrusion cooking. He was also responsible for Wenger activities in the area of aquaculture feed production via extrusion cooking and drying technology.

Joe Kearns

He studied at Kansas State University for his BSc in Engineering before he came on to be an industry renowned extrusion expert. He recollected of his career, “I had just started at Wenger when I was asked to attend KSU for the education necessary to excelling in the extrusion field.

Over my 40 years with Wenger and nine patents, countless publications and presentations on extrusion highlights perfectly that the years spent at KSU was well worth the effort.”

Over the coming months Joe will work with International Aquafeed providing articles depicting his in-depth extrusion expertise.

56 | August 2017 - International Aquafeed

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