FEB 2018 - International Aquafeed magazine

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Genomics

increasing socioeconomic output while protecting local ecosystems

International Aquafeed - Volume 21 - Issue 02 - February 2018

- Spray-dried plasma proteins - Application of metrics to marine ingredient use in aquafeeds - Robotic inspection technologies - From agriculture to aquaculture - Expert topic - Freshwater Prawn Proud supporter of Aquaculture without Frontiers UK CIO

February 2018

www.aquafeed.co.uk

THE EDITOR Croeso - welcome

The question as to whether decapods experience pain has been raised before, but if they are to be listed as sentient Is focus on fish welfare becoming animals and given the same status too stringent? as fish it will open some a number of Spring is appearing in the UK and issues. Almost certainly they will be the days are getting noticeably longer included in the UK’s Animal Scientific now! This reminds me of the phoProcedures’ Act of 1986 with fish and toperiodicity and intensity of light cephalopods listed. being so important in aquaculture, Decapods are routinely used in toxand the need to understand how light icity tests for many drugs, chemicals governs fish physiology and metabProfessor Simon Davies and pollutants in university and govolism. Whether it is associated with International Aquafeed Editor ernment laboratories. Many more scisexual maturity and breeding, or a entists will come under heavy scrutiny stimulation of growth and developand those working to develop novel ment - as we see in smoltification in technologies could experience an avalanche of extra papersalmon and their desire to enter seawater in the late spring.

Extended light period is a cue for migration in some species, work and yearly reporting of all their animal data to regulatory as well as associated changes in water temperatures. We often authorities.

Institutional Animal Care Committees have enough to contend take light for granted, but in future as we see the expansion of Recirculation Aquaculture Systems (RAS) technologies then its with traditional species but to include crabs; lobsters and possible shrimp would be a nightmare. The day when the government importance will become more evident in the future.

Too much light for the advancement of growth and increased Inspector or Veterinarian turns up at the laboratory and asks ‘are appetite may lead to problems. It is an area where more work is your crabs and lobsters and shrimp happy today’, be prepared required to assess various stimuli on the health of the immune to comply with a whole new set of rules to placate these wise system of fish, feeding behaviour, and the use of light regimes officials with so much aquaculture experience.

However, animal welfare and the highest level of ethics should for salmon smolt advancement - compared to alternative regimes always prevail either on the fish farm or in the laboratory facility. in the hatchery.

The connection with nutrition and feed technology is obvious, Good scientists naturally desire the very best conditions for their and so this is an area for more research as we expand aquaculture animals and it goes without saying!

Finally, I have been invited to Chair a session on Aquaculture and evaluate the optimum conditions, to grow new fish species Nutrition Developments at the British Society for Animal and produce superior production with welfare in mind.

On the topic of welfare, there has been widespread reports in Science (BSAS) in Dublin for the April 8-11, 2018. This will the media regarding the ethics of boiling lobsters alive when be a much-focused event attracting some 500 delegates, and an prepared for the table. The Swiss government has now legislated opportunity to advance the aqua feed and fish nutrition agenda to ban the practice and pressure is growing in the UK to add and promote the significance of aquaculture production as a serious player in the production of healthy food for the consumer. lobsters to the Animal Welfare Act.

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

AQUAFEED

TILAPIA: Tilapia: Miracle Fish - page 38

PROTEIN: Spray-dried plasma proteins- page 14

ROV: Robotic inspection technologies - page 44

INGREDIENTS: Application of metrics to marine ingredient use in aquafeeds - page 24

SPECIES

FEED EQUIPMENT

EXPERT TOPIC: Freshwater prawn - page 36

FACTORY: Aquafeed initiative to boost East African aquaculture market- page 18

Reservoirs are the huge water bodies and potential source for fisheries development in India including Telangana state. The main purpose of the construction of these reservoirs was to protect the economically backward areas and also to eliminate the scarcity of food grains and water problems.

www.aquafeed.co.uk

Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk Editor Prof Simon Davies sjdaquafeed@gmail.com

February 2018 Volume 21 Issue 02

IN THIS ISSUE

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Associate Editor Dr Albert Tacon albertt@perendale.co.uk International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.co.uk Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.co.uk Erik Hempel (Norwegian edition) erik@perendale.co.uk Editorial Advisory Panel • Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed • Prof António Gouveia • Prof Charles Bai • Dr Colin Mair • Dr Daniel Merrifield • Dr Dominique Bureau • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman • Dr Kim Jauncey • Dr Eric De Muylder • Dr Pedro Encarnação • Dr Mohammad R Hasan Editorial team Zasha Whiteway-Wilkinson zashaw@perendale.co.uk Vaughn Entwistle vaughne@perendale.co.uk Alex Whitebrook alexw@perendale.co.uk International Marketing Team Darren Parris darrenp@perendale.co.uk Tom Blacker tomb@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Iván Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.co.uk New Zealand Marketing Team Peter Parker peterp@perendale.co.uk Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu nathann@perendale.co.uk Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan tutit@perendale.co.uk Development Manager Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk ©Copyright 2017 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.

More information can be found at www.perendale.com Perendale Publishers Ltd also publish ‘The International Milling Directory’ and ‘The Global Miller’ news service

REGULAR ITEMS 4

Industry News

34 Expert Topic - Tilapia 48 Industry Events

56 The Market Place

58 The Aquafeed Interview 60

Industry Faces

COLUMNS 4 Joe Kearns 6 Ioannis Zabetakis 10 Clifford Spencer

FEATURES 14 Spray-dried plasma proteins 18 Aquafeed initiative to boost East African aquaculture markete 20 Genomics - increasing socioeconomic output while protecting local ecosystems 24 Application of metrics to marine ingredient use in aquafeeds 30 From agriculture to aquaculture through education and dedicated science

THE BIG PICTURE As is the case for the aquaculture industry itself, the marine ingredients industry has been the focus of attention on its usee of forage fish stocks as raw material for aquafeed ingredients. In an effort to adopt some method for accounting for the volumes of whole fish being used in fishmeal and fish oil production, metrics have been proposed for calculating the use of wild fish in aquaculture production.

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 38 Tilapia: Miracle Fish 44 Robotic inspection technologies

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

Pharmaceutical approvals for hydrogen peroxide for salmon farming

A

Joe Kearns Aquaculture America 2018

quaculture America Feb 19-22, 2018, Paris Hotel Las Vegas. A perspective of attending these events for nearly 30 years as a representative of a feed equipment supplier has resulted in a different experience when participating as a feed ingredient consultant. Truly I did not know what to expect and it was an exciting and different feeling.

Retirement directly after the World WAS 2017 in South Africa was to be just that but things happen as the phone rang and opportunities presented themselves. Walking down the hall towards the meeting in the familiar Paris venue I began to see old friends and acquaintances and colleagues from previous WAS events.

To be honest it felt good, a rekindling and excitement of doing something new and different in a welcome and most familiar environment. I have been asked to write a few pieces for International Aquafeed and this is the first.

The show this year was active and vibrant as it seemed to be full of people and John Cooksey, Mr WAS, confirmed “We had the highest attendance in 10 years, over 2000.”

The event, as designed, is a sharing and reviewing all the advancements made by researchers and aquaculture scientists from extremely diverse perspectives. It takes all kinds of industries to come together to make advances in aquaculture. Everybody is here to learn what he or she can apply to improve his or her goals.

Topics include policies of the industries, disease controls of the animals, how to improve hatchery tasks, use of new and novel ingredients and their results just to name a few. Reviews occurred on how to apply these in ponds and RAS system and every possible discussion on nutritional advancements in various forms from a full range of companies and scientists. That is just in the three-day sessions of lectures and discussions.

The Exhibition Hall was full of booths, and it seems more than past years, 110 plus exhibitors this year. The diversity in the products available in the exhibition hall was extensive. Many familiar faces and quite a few new ones were participating as well.

As opposed to giving my insights I thought to ask a few individuals their opinions about the event.

Dr Ron Hardy said, “It was a great venue, all of the options, lecture halls and exhibitions were close together in one area. The exhibition was larger and the lectures were mostly interesting.”

This show is so busy it is sometimes hard to get a chance to visit with old friends as everyone sets a schedule to be sure to see the lectures of interest. There are hundreds to choose from.

I trapped Dr Craig Browdy of Zeigler as he ran past on his way to a lecture series, he said, “This is the best WAS Aquaculture America in years. The advancements in all phases of aquaculture are increasing at an exponential rate. The ability of US Companies to innovate and develop technology is unequalled in the world.”

Having seen this over the years at Wenger Mfg., I would have to agree. Eduwaldo Jordao of Wenger did say that good contacts were made and the interest was in shrimp feed from a number of countries around the world.

Cathie Griffin of Red Ewald Inc., producers of fibreglass tanks and related items, which were located inside the front door, said, “The exhibition area was well traveled with a steady flow of visitors throughout the day. Not just during the coffee breaks and Happy Hour.”

Alex Tsappis of Alltech said, “If you are in aquaculture you have to be here at the Aquaculture America to see the University students, customers and visit with related companies and attend the ever improving and interesting lectures on a wide range of topics.”

He also felt a few more end users of feeds should attend, the actual aquaculture farmers so to speak.

So there you have it, another very successful WAS Aquaculture America. A most enjoyable experience due to the attendees and exhibitors, see you all in New Orleans next year.

Joe Kearns has worked in the aquaculture industry for over four decades, having spent 42 years at Wenger Manufacturing, Inc., after which he retired and found himself as Director of Sales at Meridian-Bio for ingredients of single cell protein origin with compositions very near fishmeal on an Amino Acid basis. Alongside this, he has formed his own company “JK Kearns Consulting and Meridian Ingredients’, for feed and pet-food projects.

4 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

W

ith ASPERIX® Vet Evonik offers an environmentally benign product against sea lice for use in Salmon aquaculture in northern Europe.

Evonik has been granted approval (marketing authorisation) for this product for the United Kingdom, Norway and Iceland.

It is manufactured at Evonik’s production site in Antwerp, Belgium. The site obtained the relevant manufacturing authorisation and the GMP license at the end of 2016. Evonik distributes the product exclusively in the above countries via its sales partner Helm Skandinavien AS, who will act as pharmaceutical wholesaler.

First steps in this industry Dr Christoph Batz-Sohn, Marketing Director for aquaculture in Evonik’s Active Oxygens Business Line, explains, “With the distribution, the Business Line is taking its first steps in this industry. We are working on additional projects to make our environmentally benign technology usable for aquaculture.”

Since 2013, Helm has been the market leader in the distribution of chemicals for preservation and further processing of byproducts of the fish industry.

The infrastructure in the Nordic countries and the logistical capabilities are first-class and make Helm an ideal partner for Evonik. With the addition to the range, Helm strengthens the market position further in this continuously growing and important segment.

Hydrogen peroxide is used successfully as a parasiticide against sea lice in salmon farming.

It is an environmentally benign alternative to special insecticides because, following treatment of the fish, it breaks down completely into water and oxygen. The fish can be harvested directly following treatment and there is absolutely no risk with regard to residues and human consumption.”

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

B

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

Bluestar Adisseo announces closing of Nutriad acquisition luestar Adisseo Company (“Adisseo”) announces that it has completed the acquisition of global feed additives producer Nutriad.

This transaction is part of Adisseo’s strategy to become one of the worldwide leaders of specialty additives in animal nutrition.

Jean-Marc Dublanc, CEO, Adisseo commented, “We are pleased to have quickly brought the Nutriad acquisition to completion and excited to welcome Nutriad talents in the Adisseo team. This complementary combination supports our strategy for accelerating growth of our Specialty products business. Together, we will set up an efficient organisation which should allow us to strengthen our global product portfolio’s competitiveness and its overall efficiency.”

Erik Visser , CEO, Nutriad added, “The announcement of the acquisition of Nutriad

by Adisseo has been met with overwhelming enthusiasm by our customers, suppliers, distribution partners and employees across the world. Now that we have confirmed the completion of the transaction, the Adisseo and Nutriad teams will jointly work with full energy and passion on the integration, committed to bringing further value adding solutions to the market.”

Nutriad’s product range, the species

addressed (poultry, swine, aquaculture, dairy and cattle), and its customers are highly complementary to Adisseo’s and will allow the combined business to implement integrated solutions and offer even more value to customers.

A joint Adisseo/Nutriad project group has been set up and is already working on identifying and implementing the synergies.

Your global technology process supplier for the aqua feed industry ANDRITZ is one of the world’s leading suppliers of techno­ logies, systems, and services relating to advanced indus­ trial equipment for the aqua feed industry. With an in-depth knowledge of each key process, we can supply a compatible and homogeneous solution from raw material intake to finished feed bagging.

ANDRITZ Feed & Biofuel A/S Europe, Asia, and South America: andritz-fb@andritz.com USA and Canada: andritz-fb.us@andritz.com

International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 5

www.andritz.com/ft

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

Salmon producer delivers £100m boost to Scottish suppliers and communities

S

Ioannis Zabetakis The Blue Zones Philosophy (part 1 of 2)

amatis Moraitis is from Ikaria, Greece. He moved to the US when he was 22 years old to pursue the “American Dream”. He was a painter and he started immediately having success, bought a house, married and had three kids. At the age of 66 years, he developed terminal lung cancer. However, instead of dying in US, he decided to move back to Ikaria so he moved in with his… parents!

He started breathing the Ikarian air, drinking the Ikarian wine and having a Mediterranean diet. After a few months, he planted a garden not planning, though, on ever getting to harvest the vegetables. He was so wrong! 37 years later he has a vineyard producing 200 litres of wine a year.

When asked about his secret, this is what he replies, “I just forgot to die”.

This is a real life story that has been extracted from the paper of Dan Buettner and Sam Skemp, as published in the American journal of lifestyle medicine in 2016 [1]. The paper talks about the blue zones and what can give us more years of quality living.

Our DNA can predetermine our life expectancy only in 20 percent of us whereas for the rest 80 percent of us (4 out of 5 people) it is our lifestyle (and not our DNA) that predetermines how long we are going to live. The five demographically confirmed and geographically defined areas with the highest percentage of centenarians (Costa Rica: Nicoya, Greece: Ikaria, Italy: Sardinia, Japan: Okinawa and US: Loma Linda, CA) were dubbed as Blue Zones where people reach age 100 at 10 times greater than in the US [1].

The lifestyles of all Blue Zones residents share nine specific characteristics. These characteristics are called “The Power of 9”. In order to make it to age 100, a person does not have to win any genetic lottery. Many people have the biological capacity to make it well into their early 90s and in most cases without chronic diseases.

Blue zones uncovered nine evidence-based common denominations among the world’s centenarians that slow human aging biological processes, as follows.

Move naturally; Pumping up iron or protein powders, running marathons or sweating in a gym are not parts of the physical activities’ repertoire of the Blue Zones people. They walk and have their own gardens.

In Okinawa, they call it “Ikigai”, whereas in Nikoya it is called “plan de vida”; they both translate to “plan of life” and it is about what makes the people get up in the morning. Having a sense of purpose and living towards this, it can increase life expectancy by up to seven years!

All people, even Blue Zones people(!), we experience a degree of stress. Stress leads to chronic inflammation, which in turn leads to the onset of CVDs and other chronic diseases. What Blue Zones people have that the others do not are unique and distinctive routines to minimise this stress. Ikarians follow the med habit of “siesta” or afternoon nap; Okinawans take a few moments each day to remember their ancestors; Adventists in Loma Linda pray; Sardinias do happy hour [2].

Further reading http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1559827616637066 http://blusardinia.com/happy-hour/

e: ioannis.zabetakis@ul.ie

@yanzabet

Currently working on Food Lipids at the University of Limerick, Ireland, focusing on feeds, food and nutraceuticals against inflammation, Ioannis is a co-inventor in two patents, has edited a book on marine oils, and has published more than 60 peer-reviewed articles (h-index 19). He is currently writing a book on "The Impact of Nutrition and Statins on Cardiovascular Diseases" for Elsevier.

M

inister for the Rural Economy and Connectivity, Fergus Ewing MSP, has welcomed new figures showing that Scottish Sea Farms, one of the country’s leading producers of responsibly farmed salmon, achieved record spend with local suppliers in 2017.

The figures reveal that Scottish Sea Farms, which operates 46 farm sites, two processing plants and employs 449 people, spent over £100m – 85 percent of total supplier spend – procuring goods and services from local businesses in 2017, many of them small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).

This is up £13.9m on 2016 and is driven by a long-standing company policy to ‘buy Scottish’ wherever possible.

Scottish Sea Farms’ Managing Director, Jim Gallagher explains, “The communities in which we farm are integral to our success, from their natural resources to their local workforces and businesses. It seems only fitting therefore that these same communities should derive maximum value in return; something we are proud to have grown again in 2017 – and will strive to continue growing in 2018 and beyond.”

The news comes on the back of the recent Scottish Salmon Farming Economic Report, commissioned by the Scottish Salmon Producer’s Organisation, which highlighted that the sector contributes £558m to the national economy in GVA and spends a total of £390m on local suppliers and services.

Rural Economy Secretary Fergus Ewing commented saying, “These figures show the scale of the support that Scottish aquaculture provides for rural businesses, protecting and creating jobs, and supporting communities.

The support they offer for research and innovation is also invaluable in ensuring the long-term future of the industry. I fully support Scottish Sea Farms’ ethos of supporting local suppliers and this is something that I encourage right across our food and drink sector.”

One such local supplier is Gael Force, headquartered in Inverness, which saw an increase in turnover of close to 45 percent in 2017 and added 50 new jobs.

Stewart Graham, Managing Director, said, “Almost all of this growth can be attributed to orders from the aquaculture industry. It’s the ongoing support of companies such as Scottish Sea Farms that has propelled us on to develop new innovative technologies and services – something we will continue to do in 2018 with a planned £1m investment in increased capacity and the development of new products.”

6 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Don’t water down your efforts.

Best results with MetAMINO®

Enhance nutritional value – and reduce costs.

Liquid methionine sources add unnecessary mass to your feed mix. MetAMINO® in dry crystalline form adds nothing but pure quality. To make the very most of MetAMINO®, you can take advantage of our analytical services for feed components. MetAMINO®: not just better – best results. www.evonik.com/metamino

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

iculture, Inc. | 2018 Advertising | Theme: The Plankton People Ad | Design: A | Version: 1

DANIEL COO

International Aquafeed magazine | Size: Half Page | Dimensions: 190mm X 132mm

Reed Mariculture: The Plankton People

™

We take care of the little guys Reed Mariculture advances the growth of aquaculture around the globe with the highest quality MICROALGAE CONCENTRATES, LIVE ROTIFERS and COPEPODS for clean-start production—bulk quantities available. Your resource for information & technical support.

Reed Mariculture E N S U R I N G H A T C H E R Y S U C C E S S™

L E A R N M O R E AT :

bit.ly/iaf-tpp4

© 2018 REED MARICULTURE INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. ENSURING HATCHERY SUCCESS AND THE PLANKTON PEOPLE ARE TRADEMARKS OR REGISTERED TRADEMARKS OF REED MARICULTURE INC.

8 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

Loch Duart to expose seafood scams

L

och Duart, an independent salmon farming company based in Sutherland and the Hebrides, is taking the fight to food fraudsters to protect the reputation of its world renowned salmon.

The independent salmon farm business has teamed up with Oritain, experts in scientifically proving the origin of food products, to prevent food fraudsters from passing off other salmon as Loch Duart’s.

Oritain’s testing measures trace elements that occur naturally at each farm and are absorbed by the salmon raised there. Further analysis creates a unique fingerprint that is then used to verify the origin of the fish.

It is estimated that food fraud affects at least 10 percent of the global food supply chain at a cost to the industry in excess of US$50 billion per year.

From 2018, Oritain will provide Loch Duart with this independent food fingerprinting service, with its origins in forensic science, to help protect its brand. This means that they will now be able to audit at any stage in the supply chain and determine exactly where the salmon being tested originates from. The company will be first fish farmer in the northern hemisphere to use this leading technology.

Alban Denton, Managing Director commented, “Loch Duart’s really proud of our extraordinary tasting salmon which is asked for by name worldwide. If another salmon is ‘passed off’ as ours, consumers are being both exploited and misled. Our distributors have told us that it happens, now we’re partnering with Oritain to ‘police’ the supply chain. We’re determined to do everything we can to protect our world renowned brand and ensure that when people ask for Loch Duart salmon they can be completely certain this is what they are getting. Consumers must get what they order and what they are paying for! Oritain’s forensic approach to scientifically fingerprinting the origin of our fish means that we can verify the origin of our fresh salmon – wherever the consumers are in the world.”

Oritain UK Executive Director, Rupert Hodges explained, “Oritain works hard to protect the reputations of some of the world’s leading brands. We’re therefore delighted to be able to scientifically underpin the provenance story for Loch Duart’s world renowned salmon.

Our pioneering use of forensic analysis allows us to not only identify the country and region from which the salmon we test is from, we can actually trace it back to the individual farm.

This means that from now on customers across the globe, can be assured that when they buy Loch Duart salmon, we can prove that it is what they are getting.”

Dr Neil Auchterlonie Fishmeal research with IFFO – Opportunities through AquaFarm

A

lthough I have contributed articles previously, this is my first opportunity to write a column for International Aquafeed, in what will become a regular contribution by invitation of the magazine.

I am delighted to accept this kind offer and look forward to discussing current topics in the fish meal and fish oil industry which I hope will be of interest to the readers. I am excited by the opportunity to bring more attention onto fishmeal and fish oil during a time when journalists’ interest seems so focused on the next new novel ingredient that can apparently replace these ingredients. At IFFO we recognise the importance of more volume of ingredients for feed supply, but it should be “as well as, not instead of” fishmeal and fish oil.

For this edition, there is no better place to start than to mention the AquaFarm conference in Fiere Pordenone February 15-16, where I met Roger Gilbert, the Publisher of International Aquafeed, for the first time. For those who have not experienced the event, AquaFarm is the Italian aquaculture industry’s forum for engaging with the sector, which also provides a platform for updates on the latest developments in research and technology.

Roger chaired a session on aquaculture feeds at which I had been invited to present by the organisers of AquaFarm. In the first half of the session, my presentation lined up with those of Dr Niels Alsted (of Biomar, but representing FEFAC), and Dr Umberto Luzzana (representing Skretting).

What was most pleasing was to see that both my feed company friends’ presentations aligned perfectly with the key message of my own, without any coordination to that effect. That message is that fishmeal and fish oil are important constituents of aquafeeds – they provide important nutritional contributions to farmed fish that cannot be entirely sourced from any other individual ingredients. The supply of fishmeal and fish oil, however, is finite, and approximates to five million tonnes of fishmeal and just under one million tonnes of fish oil produced every year, which makes supplying a growing feed industry challenging.

The production of fishmeal and fish oil is unlikely to change too much over time (although there is some interesting data on the possible use of by-product as a raw material, and particularly from a growing aquaculture processing industry). The supply of ingredients to meet the demand of aquafeeds, therefore, will come from other sources.

The critical factor, though, is to continue to make best use of fishmeal and fish oil over time, where the nutritional contributions can be maximised to the benefit of production cycles for the various farmed fish species. Jonathan Shepherd, a previous Director General of IFFO was one of the first to talk about fishmeal as a strategic ingredient, well over a decade ago now. It is that shift from a commodity to a strategic ingredient and hence utilising the optimal benefits of these valuable materials that will see the industry’s position secure in coming years. I look forward to talking more about this in future columns.

Dr Neil Auchterlonie is the Technical Director at IFFO. He has managed aquaculture and fisheries science programmes in both public and private sectors. Academically he holds a BSc in Marine and Freshwater Biology from Stirling University, a MSc in Applied Fish Biology from the University of Plymouth, and a PhD in Aquaculture (halibut physiology) from Stirling University.

9 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

A

Clifford Spencer The National Aquaculture Centre

key asset of Aquaculture without Frontiers is the carefully established UK National Aquaculture Centre (NAC) of which the AwF charitable incorporated organisation (CIO) is co-owner. The National Aquaculture Centre is based at the Humber Seafood Institute (HSI) building at Grimsby’s Europarc which is a six million pound building specifically created with the idea of promoting seafood.

The HSI has three class, three bio laboratories, a conference centre, restaurant and advanced IT and display facilities, advanced kitchens and filming facilities together with purpose designed equipment development capacity. A manned reception is available five days a week and a large fish processing industry (the largest in the UK, employing some 5,000 people), sits on its door step.

As well as having the benefit of being able to use and benefit from all the HSI facilities AwF has established an aquaculture library there named after the overall AwF founder and our UK patron, Michael New O.B.E. Further the NAC has a contract with the African Union/New Partnership for Africa’s Development agency to research and assist the development of African aquaculture in all 55 African countries. The UK’s Seafish Authority is also based at the HSI and this organisation oversees and reports on all UK activity in this area and we have a close working relationship with Seafish’s aquaculture lead.

Most importantly Hull University is the NAC’s official academic partner and is working closely with it under the auspices of Professor Philip Leigh on all global research and development matters concerning aquaculture development.

The involvement of the city of Hull and town of Grimsby with the NAC is very appropriate as these fishing ports once were the centre of all major fishing activity in the UK and in 1970 Grimsby was the base for a trawler fleet of 400 boats, the largest in the world.

Overfishing and territorial disputes has since decimated the UK fishing industry but the major processing centre survived and prospered – what better place to stimulate the research and development of aquaculture! Also the NAC is closely connected with the Eden Project in the South of the UK and an island in the Shetlands in the north of the UK which will act as national outreach centres. The Shetland Island has its own airstrip and its previous aquaculture facilities will be upgraded.

The background to the formation of the NAC is the UK Chief Medical Officer says that every person should eat two portions of fish and seafood a week, which amounts to 280g

each. However, local production, imports and aquaculture currently provides just 179g per person or just 64 percent of the recommended level. The serious cardiovascular and brain health implications of this shortfall significantly contribute to soaring healthcare costs in the UK’s National Health Service.

Furthermore, this shortfall of seafood in the UK diet is not a recent change as in only 10 out of the last 124 years has there been enough seafood to meet minimum health standards in the UK. This last was achieved in the 1940’s!! The UK and other so-called advanced nations need to provide a better example to developing countries in this area.

By importing fish and seafood from developing countries, wealthier countries such as the UK, consume more fish than they produce and thereby reduce the availability of fish in parts of the world where it is vitally needed for domestic consumption as highlighted in the work of AwF. The facts above illustrate a serious disconnect between healthy eating recommendations and the finite capacity of wild fish stocks to meet those aspirations. The UK and other developed nations consumers have been so far protected from falling domestic production by increasing imports. The creation of the Grimsby based National Aquaculture Centre in association with Hull University, also represents an initiative to align national health aspirations on a global stage and the need to think carefully about the implications and much needed greater capacity for promoting greater fish consumption in a world where many people are already protein deficient.

Home consumption of fish and seafood is in decline in the UK and simultaneously a growing global population will require more fish than currently available and aquaculture is the only answer. This is no different to the time when man originally turned from hunter gathering to farming many thousands of years ago.

So AwF is fortunate to be able to have the NAC as a purpose built and bespoke R&D facility and to closely work with on in important AwF charitable projects in developing countries. This week we will be enjoying a visit from BBC Radio 4 programme 'In Business' to the HIS, to discuss all of the above - and the promotional aspect of AwF will go into operation.

We currently are and look forward to working and collaborating with many organisations worldwide to achieve the overall aims of the AwF charity. Here we have the special benefit of the guidance of our Patron and overall AwF charity founder, Michael New O.B.E. in how best to achieve those aims.

Currently Mr Spencer leads the Global Biotechnology Transfer Foundation (GBTF), which is dedicated to promoting the potential for biotechnology to support sustainable, long-term, socio-economic development. He is also Chairman of Trustees for Aquaculture without Frontiers UK. 10 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

A

Fish Vet Group Asia relocation quaculture health company Fish Vet Group (FVG), part of Benchmark Holdings plc, announced the relocation of its diagnostic lab from Bangkok to Chonburi, a leading aquaculture region of Thailand.

As well as being closer to the farms, it will have meant that the new facilities are near INVE’s Tropical Research Centre (ITARC), also part of the Benchmark Group.

Hamish Rodger, Global Director of Fish Vet Group, commented, “Moving our diagnostic lab to Chonburi allows us to work more closely with our INVE colleagues forming an Asian aquaculture research hub in a principal aquaculture region of Thailand.”

The move has enabled the Group to upgrade their existing challenge facilities, with a second new aquarium under construction.

The Group are continuing to expand their suite of molecular diagnostic tests and industry training courses for which they have become well known in the region. A new vet, molecular biologist and scientist have been appointed as part of the establishment of the new diagnostic facility.

Dr Andy Shinn, Operations Director FVG Asia explained, “Our aquatic health team have been selected for their extensive experience of the region and species-specific expertise of shrimp, tilapia, Asian seabass, pangasius, all major carps and the other key aquatic species. We are delighted to be adding to this the expertise of our INVE Aquaculture colleagues at ITARC.”

He continued, “Disease continues to drive new challenges and obstacles. Being in Chonburi places us at the heart of the farming community ensuring we can better serve farmers.”

International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 11

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

M i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

International science prize aims to keep shrimp on the menu ulti-billion dollar losses to the global shrimp industry, together with devastating impacts on local livelihoods, could be eradicated, due to a pioneering UK-Thai science collaboration, using DNA technology to combat disease outbreaks in farmed seafood.

The UK-Thai research partnership or International Network in Shrimp Health was been awarded the coveted Newton Fund Chairman’s Award 2017. The £200,000 award was one of two awarded for UK-Thailand research and innovation partnerships, and one of five across India, Malaysia and Vietnam and Thailand.

The shrimp project aims to bring better science, technology and advice to the global aquaculture industry

with an aim of mitigating disease. The project capitalizes on cutting edge UK technologies, to enable farmers to diagnose disease themselves at ‘pond side’ and report this data via smartphone apps that minimise further spread of disease. The Chairman’s Award will be invested in further development of the project during 2018, particularly focussed on pioneering new approaches in disease testing.

Shrimp farming is worth US$15billion a year. In Asia it is a major economic activity, generating millions of jobs and supporting rural communities. Periodic and unpredictable losses occur in shrimp due to disease, resulting in severe economic and social impacts at local, national and international levels.

The team comprises scientists from the UK’s Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Thailand’s National Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), and experts from UK technology partners Genedrive PLC and Oxford Nanopore Ltd. The team has carried out collaborative research on priority shrimp disease issues and pathogens, trialling a novel portable pond-side diagnostic device Genedrive TM, and worked with farmers and the Thai government to test this innovative approach to disease management. The average time required to diagnose a disease in shrimp stock has the potential to be cut from days to an hour, allowing management of outbreaks and, reduced risk of farm-tofarm disease spread.

Minister for Universities, Science, Research and Innovation, Jo Johnson explained, “The Newton Prize winners not only embody international collaboration on crucial issues, but also illustrate our ambition to work with our global partners on a wide variety of mutuallybeneficial research. The Newton Prize demonstrates how the UK is working with partners to address important international issues. This complements the work we are undertaking as part of our upcoming Industrial Strategy to support our world-class research and innovation sector, helping them work collaboratively to address the great challenges of our time.”

TOP QUALITY FUNCTIONAL PROTEINS Greater Weigh at Harvest Higher Survival Rate Greater Resistance to Pathogen Challenges Improvement of Protein Digestibility

Tel. (+34) 938 615 060

Prop1.indd 1

info@apc-europe.com

12 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

functionalproteins.com

29/12/2017 11:55:28

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

i i i i i i i i i

News

i i i i i i i i i i

AQUACULTURE WITHOUT FRONTIERS (UK) Aquaculture Without Frontiers (AwF) is a Charitable Incorporated Organisation (CIO) that promotes and supports responsible and sustainable aquaculture and the alleviation of poverty by improving livelihoods in developing countries.

Temperature Adapted FeedsTM

re

Temperature Registered charity No. 1165727 Adapted FeedsTM

re

Temperature Adapted FeedsTM

aquaculturewithoutfrontiers.org.uk

THE WINTER EDITION ENHANCES ENERGY AND PROTEIN UTILIZATION UNDER COLD WATER TEMPERATURES. -

Empowered intestinal epithelium increases the reaction surface for feed digestion and nutrient absorption Increased efficiency of protein digestion through addition of peptides Improved digestion of dietary fat for more efficient energy utilisation Optimized feed palatability stimulate appetite and feed intake

Aller Aqua A/S · Allervej 130 · DK-6070 Christiansfeld · Denmark · Tlf. +45 70 22 19 10 · info@aller-aqua.com WWW.ALLER-AQUA.COM International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 13

FEATURE

SPRAY-DRIED PLASMA PROTEINS Use of spray-dried plasma proteins in aquaculture diets to improve performance and health of farmed fish

by J. Polo, J. Crenshaw and J.M. Campbell APC Inc. 2425 SE Oak Tree Court, Ankey, IA 50021, USA

S

pray-dried animal plasma (SDP) proteins are a diverse mixture of functional components consisting of immunoglobulins, albumin, fibrinogen, lipids, growth factors, biologically active peptides (defensins, transferrin), enzymes and other factors that have biological activity independent of their nutritional value.

Plasma proteins are used extensively in animal feed to increase consumption, growth and nutritional efficiency especially during period of stress such as after weaning in piglets. The beneficial effects of SDP are more noticeable, under production conditions, when animals are exposed to greater stressors such as pathogens and other environmental variables typically existing under intensive farming conditions, than under conditions of low incidence of pathogens.

Numerous challenge studies with pathogenic bacteria, viruses or protozoa have shown a reduction in mortality and morbidity when feeding animal plasma (bovine or porcine origin) to different animal species (pigs, calves, poultry, trout and shrimp).

Studies of the mode of action of SDP suggest that the consumption of plasma proteins improves immune system efficiency; therefore, more energy and nutrients from the diet can be used for other productive functions, such as growth, by the animal.

using second-use water as environmental stress (Campbell et al 2014), the results showed that the inclusion of SDP improved survival, protein digestibility and biomass, regardless of whether the plasma was incorporated before (3% or 6% SDP In feed before extrusion) or added after (3% or 6% SDP Out) extrusion, demonstrating that the SDP can be applied before extrusion maintaining the improvement in performance (Figure 1).

In another study, the inclusion of SDP as a functional protein

Figure 1: Digestibility and survival effect of SDP1 in trout diets under environmental stress

1SDP was incorporated before (3% or 6% In) or after (3% or 6% Out) extrusion.

DM = Dry matter; CP = Crude protein

Use of SDP to improve performance in aquaculture

A series of studies have been conducted in laboratories and commercial production lakes to assess the effect of SDP use in aquaculture nutrition. In most studies, a greater weight (biomass) was observed at harvest, higher survival rate, higher homogeneity, and greater resistance to pathogen challenges.

In a study designed to evaluate the effects of SDP on feed digestibility and yield of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Figure 2: SDP increases the non-specific serum immune response in sea bream, providing protection against potential pathogen infections.

14 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

STRONG ENOUGH TO FACE EVERYTHING!

in commercial feed for seabream fingerlings, Sparus aurata, was evaluated in terms of growth, utilisation of food, organisation of the intestinal mucosa, activity of oxidative stress enzymes in liver and intestine, and nonspecific immunological parameters in serum (lysozyme and bactericidal activity) (Gisbert et al 2014).

The diets were formulated substituting fishmeals of high quality by zero, three and six percent of SDP. Diets containing SDP promoted growth; The final weight of sea bream fed with pellets supplemented with three percent SDP was 10.5 percent higher than those fed with the control diet.

In addition, using a diet with SDP resulted in greater uniformity in the size distribution, and a more efficient feed conversion than the control diet. In addition, the nutrition provided by the SDP reduced the levels of oxidative stress in the liver and intestine, improving the health condition of the fish.

Likewise, sea bream fed diets containing SDP had a higher density of goblet cells in the intestine, which benefits them since it provides an efficient barrier against potential pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, which would suggest an improvement in the innate immune function of the intestine.

These results were supported by improvements obtained in the non-specific immune parameters of the blood, lysozyme and bactericidal activity, that were higher in animals fed diets containing SDP compared to those fed with the control diet (Figure 2).

Feeding SDP may help increasing the grow out uniformity of the biomass. In seabream (Gisbert et al., 2014) showed results pointing at a linear response to plasma, improving the weight distribution of fish in terms of homogeneous bodyweights.

(Figure 3).

In a study recently published by de Araújo et al. (2017) working with Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and adding SDP to the diet, they found that supplementation with SDP improved growth performance, intestinal health, blood profile

Leiber® Beta-S – β-glucans for: Improvement of the cellular & humoral defence mechanisms Support of immunological competence in larval & juvenile stages Improvement of feed conversion

leibergmbh.de

International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 15

FEATURE

Table 1: Summarises some results obtained from the use of SDP in different aquatic species of commercial interest Species Eel Grouper fish

Pathogen / Stress Condition Redhead disease White Spot Disease

% SDP1

Results

Author

Year

­ADG, ­feed efficiency

APC Internal data

2000

2-5

­Survival

South China Sea Fisheries Institute

1997

4

Salmon

Smoltification process

3-9

­Size distribution

Gisbert et al.

2013

Shrimp

Latex bead

2-6

­Phagocytic activity

Russell & Campbell

2000

Shrimp

WSSV

2-6

­Survival, ­ ADG

Russell & Campbell

2000

fingerling

3-6

­ ize distribution, ­ADG, ­feed efficiency, ¯ S Oxidative stress

Gisbert et al.

2015

Trout

Used water

3-6

­Protein digestibility, ­Biomass, S ­ urvival

Campbell et al.

2014

Trout

Yersinia ruckeri

­ Survival, ­ ADG

Aljaro et al.

1998

­Monocytes, ­Plasma protein, ­Cold resistance

Araújo et al.

2017

Sea Bream

Nile Tilapia

Cold stress

4 1.7-6.6

Range of inclusion levels of spray dried plasma tested in these studies.

1

Figure 3: Final body weigh is more uniformly distributed in fish fed diets containing SDP.

and blood resistance to cold stress. Based on their results, they recommended a level of dietary supplementation of 5.19 percent SDP for Nile Tilapia diets (Figure 4).

Use of SDP in challenge studies

In previous pathogen challenge studies, the effect of inclusions of zero, two, four or six percent SDP in shrimp (Penaeus japonicus) challenged with the white spot virus eight days after the start of the test was evaluated. The challenge was severe and all the shrimp from the control group died before the end of the test, 10 days after the challenge. Meanwhile, shrimp with two, four and six percent SDP inclusions had survival of 33, 67 and 37 percent, respectively.

In addition, it was also possible to observe better ability to improve phagocytosis and a better ability to improve the activity of the phenoloxidase enzyme (Russell, 2000). The same author conducted two other tests under conditions of commercial production of Litopenaeu vannamei and observed that the optimal inclusion of SDP was between three and six percent of the food.

In another study, the effect of SDP on rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, challenged with Yersinia ruckeri via intra-peritoneal was evaluated. Use of SDP in the feed before the challenge (15 or 30 days) decreased the mortality compared to the other treatments. The survivals were respectively 90 or 84 percent compared to 44 percent survival of the control group without SDP (Aljaro et al., 1998).

Conclusions

The nutrition provided by the inclusion of SDP in the diet of

Figure 4: SDP improve specific growth rate (SGR) and reduce feed conversion rate in tilapia.

farmed fish improves both growth performance, digestibility, feed efficiency and size homogeneity and distribution. In addition, the inclusion of SDP enhances the intestinal health and innate immune function in fish and aquatic species and may help by improving the immune efficiency of the animals to cope with stress.

Furthermore, data suggest that SDP improves survival. Fish farmers and aquatic producers should consider using three to six percent SDP in aquaculture feed because the inclusion of SDP in aquaculture diets may reduce the negative impact of disease and stress in aquaculture systems, and also improve growth performance and efficiency during the rearing process.

References availible upon request

16 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Geelen Counterflow Electrical Dryer Closing the loop Up to 65% energy recovery Up to 65% water recovery Up to 99% reduction of CO2 emissions Significant reduction of odor emissions

closing the loop

Optional hybrid system with gas heaters

info@geelencounterflow.com

FEATURE

C

Aquafeed initiative to boost East African aquaculture market

by Shem Oirere, Journalist

ountries in East Africa are experiencing a surge in demand for fish amid declining local production volumes hence creating opportunities for farmed fish ventures that in turn require investment in production of quality fish feeds in the short, medium and long term.

Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi continue to record deficits in locally produced fish forcing the countries to rely on imports either among themselves or from overseas markets such as China, Netherlands, Germany and Belgium to meet the domestic supply needs.

But more importantly these countries have either jointly or separately launched initiatives to promote fish farming to boost the unexploited fish farming potential and diminishing fresh water and marine fish resources creating more investment opportunities for private sector fish feeds producers in a region where consistency and quality of the products remains a major challenge.

Although production of farmed fish in Kenya dropped to 14,952 tonnes in 2016 down from the 18,656 tonnes recorded in 2015, a public private partnership between Kenya and the Netherlands has resulted in the launch of the first aqua feed manufacturing plant in the country’s capital Nairobi, raising the hopes of current and potential fish farmers of getting consistent supply of quality fish feeds.

The new 5,000-ton capacity extruded floating fish feed factory that was opened last year has been developed by Kenyan-based Unga Holdings Ltd, which is a holding company with majority stake in enterprises engaged in the production and marketing of human nutrition, animal nutrition and animal health products, in partnership with US-based Seaboard Corporation.

It is the first facility of such level of quality in East Africa that will produce the much needed high-quality floating fish feeds, the single most important impediment to the growth of the aquaculture (fish farming) sector in the region according to Larive International, which partnered with Lattice Consulting in providing consultancy in the development of the project.

The fish feed venture was supported by FoodTechAfrica, a Dutch public private partnership that is striving to improve food security in East Africa through initiating of fully integrated fish farming value chain in the region.

Other partners include Dutch’s Ottevanger Milling Engineers and Almex Extrusion, which designed and manufactured the fish feed plant’s state-of-the-art equipment, Nutreco, the global animal feed solutions provider, which has already signed a commercial deal with Unga Group Plc for provision of expertise on feed formulation, production and marketing and finally the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs that is providing cofinancing to FoodTechAfrica initiatives.

“We have never been in the fish feed business. We are the very best of what we do but we have never done fish feed, but FoodTechAfrica gave us an opportunity to partner with people who are experts in what they do,” said Nicholas Hutchinson, Managing Director at Unga Holdings Limited, during the opening of the factory.

The new fish feed factory is expected to address the biggest question in the minds of many fish farmers in Kenya and the rest of East Africa.

“The biggest question from all fish farmers is where will we get our feed from?” said Winnie Ouko, a director at Lattice Consulting.

“What FoodTechAfrica brings to us is high class Dutch technology and skills to the local market, upping production, upping knowledge and upping even aspiration,” she said.

The opening of the fish feed factory in Nairobi came at a time when the quality of feeds available in the market was becoming a concern among fish farmers and consumers and also when governments in East Africa had announced higher taxes for imported feeds. The governments have also imposed higher taxes on imported fish to encourage growth of the huge fishing industry potential in the region.

Currently, the East African countries under the East African Community, a regional intergovernmental organisation of six Partner States, comprising Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda, charges an import duty of 20 percent on all imported fish feed from outside the region as the governments seek to encourage local feed manufacturing.

However, the FoodTechAfrica initiative is giving priority to encouraging governments in East Africa to zero rate fish feed imports because the tax “is presently a constraint in the absence of locally produced high quality started and grow-out feeds.”

Before the commissioning of the Unga Holdings Ltd’s new fish feed processing line, fish farmers in the region relied on imports and supplies from Uganda-based private family-run Ugachick Poultry Breeders, which launched its formulated sinking and floating pellet fish feeds production in 1994 to support the landlocked country’s aquaculture industry.

The company says its fish feed, which floats on the water surface without dissolution for 3-12 hours, has a laboratory and a fish farming site to do biological and chemical testing of its feed and the raw materials. However, Ugachick says just like in the other East African countries, Uganda is struggling with the issue of access to quality fish feeds by fish farmers because of the difficulties in obtaining safe and economical feed ingredients.

For example, Ugachik says access to silver fish (mukene), a key protein source and soybean “are becoming expensive and the price fluctuates widely.”

“Soybean is increasingly scarce and the export of wheat biproducts pollard has made this important ingredient expensive and scarce,” said Ugachick in one of its previous reports.

18 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

The company lists high power tariffs and high machinery maintenance costs as the other challenges facing fish feed supply in the region.

A previous report by the Netherlands Enterprise Agency‘Aquaculture in East Africa’- said fish farmers in East Africa need an estimated 50,000 metric tonnes/year of fish feed to sustain an anticipated medium-term increase in fish production in the region.

“A realistic estimate for longer-term needs for fish feeds would be well above 400,000 to 500,000 metric tonnes/year,” the report said.

The report pointed out the differences in fish feeds currently available in East Africa market where in some instances “information on the label does not reflect the actual composition in terms of proteins and fats.”

“This is not only a problem for fish farmers who are not sure of the quality of the feed that they are purchasing but is also a limiting factor for Dutch companies that supply quality feeds to Africa. Governments in East Africa should establish a common fish feed quality monitoring and control system,” it said.

This is where the new Unga Holdings Ltd new fish feed factory in Nairobi, the first establishment of its size in East Africa, comes in.

The Netherlands Ambassador to Kenya Frans Makken said the Nairobi fish feed facility “is an excellent example of using innovative technology in order to push the sector (aquaculture) forward.”

He said although “equipment is Dutch, ultimately the production will be in Kenya and the market will be in Kenya.”

Larive International’s Wouter Van Vliet said Ottevenger Milling Engineers designed and engineered the factory while Scretting

Premier nutritional company is providing formulation for the feeds and technical expertise and training for the Unga Holdings Ltd staff.

He said Unga Holdings took “a leap of faith to invest in the facility which really is the first of its kind in Africa.”

With more fish feed available locally, more people in Kenya and across East Africa could be encouraged to start fish farming enterprises that will make it possible to ease the pressure on fish resources in lakes, marine and dams that have been overexploited.

Kenya is one of the countries in East Africa where fish production from fresh river sources, marine and farmed fish has been on the decline in the last three years according to the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS).

KNBS Director General Zachary Mwangi says there was a 12.1 percent decline in total fish output from 146.3 thousand tons/year in 2015 to 128.6 thousand tons in 2016. Farmed fish dropped to 14,952 tons in 2016 from 18,656 tons in 2015 and 24,096 tons in 2014.

He attributes the decline to the “falling trend in fish production from all fresh water lakes and marine sources except for mollusks.”

KNBS says freshwater fish production dropped by 12.3 percent from 136.4 thousand tons in 2015 to 119.6 thousand tons in 2016 although the world-famous Lake Victoria continued to make a significant contribution accounting for 82.5 percent of the total freshwater fish production.

“However, the lake’s output dropped by 10.2 percent from 109.9 thousand tons in 2015 to 98.7 thousand tons in 2016,” said Mwangi. He attributes the Lake Victoria output decline to “the presence of water hyacinth and destructive fishing methods.”

Asia Pacific Aquaculture

The perfect partner for process automation

APA

We deliver:

April 24-26

Design and engineering Build and installation MCC and PLC panels Software engineering PLC/SDADA MES application Batch Explorer Integration to other software packages Turn Key installations incl. training, service & support

Taipei - Taiwan All info: www.was.org Trade show & Sponsorship: mario@marevent.com

International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 19

info@inteqnion.com www.inteqnion.com

FEATURE

Genomics increasing socioeconomic output while protecting local ecosystems Peter Bickerton, Scientific Communications & Outreach Manager, Earlham Institute

A

quaculture is expanding, especially in areas of sub-Saharan Africa that are home to stunning native biodiversity. How can research in genomics help us to increase socioeconomic output while protecting local ecosystems?

The livelihood of a staggering eight percent of the world’s population relies on fish, a resource that we have overexploited in the seas so much so that many fish stocks are expected to collapse entirely in the not-so-distant future. This situation is as unsustainable for the oceans as it is for people (the average person worldwide now consumes over 20kg of fish per year), with entire ecosystems and a way of life for hundreds of millions under threat from overfishing. However, fish is a nutritious and protein-rich food source with many clear health benefits, not to mention the positive socio-economic impact for millions of people worldwide.

Thus, fish farming is becoming more and more widespread, not just on the coast but inland, too. However, with the drive towards aquaculture accelerating throughout sub-Saharan Africa, it is important that we ensure best practice and environmental sustainability long before the damage is done. What has spelt ruin for our oceans cannot happen in our freshwater systems, too. On the one hand, it is important that we produce fish requiring sustainable levels of feed, giving a positive growth ratio and economic benefit. At the same time, we must ensure that breeding programs are well managed, and that we ensure our freshwater ecosystems are not threatened by non-native, invasive species.

The African Great Lakes and river systems are a great example of some of the scientific and conservation efforts that are underway, which aim to increase the output and efficiency of aquaculture, while preserving some of the exquisite biodiversity already present in the lakes and rivers - especially among native fish.

There is also a great deal that we can add to scientific knowledge in the process.

including greater productivity, better yields and reduced global malnutrition, we are also witnessing tremendous problems when it comes to the environment. Vast monocultures of crops leave little room for wildlife, other than the pests that we manage with insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, which reduce the loss of valuable food but also mean that wild insect numbers are on the decline, if not plummeting. Our landscapes have been so manipulated by agriculture that formerly native ecosystems resemble nothing of the sort. Only now are we starting to appreciate what biodiversity brings us, not just in terms of maintaining a savoury environment, which our children and grandchildren might inherit, but also as a vital lifeline for the very crops that we require to feed a throbbing global population.

10,000 years or more of selective breeding has taken us an incredibly long way from humble beginnings. Wild grasses have been transformed into grain-laden crop plants that provide enough calories to support billions of people, with wheat, rice and maize providing most of the essential carbohydrates that vast tracts of the global population rely on. However, our modern farming systems, equipped with fertilisers, machinery, and high yielding crops, are also subject to huge losses due to increasingly "The African Great Lakes and river systems are a great example of some of the scientific and conservation efforts that are underway, which aim to increase the output and efficiency of aquaculture, while preserving some of the exquisite biodiversity already present in the lakes and rivers - especially among native fish"

Genomics for a more resilient food system

As with medicine, the same stands for our ecosystems: prevention is better than the cure.

Alas, along with the clear benefits of large scale farming, 20 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

"Cichlids, are an incredibly diverse family of fish that boast a vast range of shapes and forms and fill a variety of niches throughout Africa, South America, Madagascar and South Asia"

unpredictable climate changes, as well as the spread of diseases and pests throughout the globe. Selective breeding has taken us so far, but now, with the advent of modern genomics, we are able to understand what is going on in our food crops at the genetic level, which allows us to increase yields while also appreciating the diversity within the wild plants that grow around them.

We now have the capacity to sequence almost any genome on earth. Getting down to the basic code at the heart of life as we know it, we can identify the sections of DNA that give us greater yields, resistance to disease and more. With marker assisted breeding, we can better ensure that these positive traits are carried through, without missing out or losing other vital pieces of the jigsaw. For thousands of years we have been almost blindly mixing up the genetic pack, meaning that we have lost some of the natural defences that our crops had against diseases and pests, such that monocultures are left prone and vulnerable. However, for every potato plant prone to blight, there is a wild relative of the nightshade family that has the proper defences for it. For every wheat plant that may succumb to yellow rust, there is a wild grass that can naturally nip infection in the bud.

What is important, especially for aquaculture, is that we can learn from the mistakes we have made in the past. By applying modern genomic methods to aquaculture, we can help fish farmers increase yields and efficiency, while taking measures to prevent environmental damage and better conserve precious ecosystems.

the great Rift Valley lakes of Malawi, Tanganyika and Victoria, which contain around a quarter of all of the freshwater on earth, as well as one tenth of all of the world’s fish species. Among these species are the cichlids, an incredibly diverse family of fish that boast a vast range of shapes and forms and fill a variety of niches throughout Africa, South America, Madagascar and South Asia. Why this is more interesting in terms of aquaculture is that tilapia is a type of cichlid fish farmed in at least 75 nations worldwide - a practice which is booming in Asia and increasing rapidly in countries such as Tanzania.

Sustainable development: Applying genomics to aquaculture

One such promising area to begin is in sub-Saharan Africa, where the population is increasing faster than any other region on earth and must find ways to adapt the food supply to ensure people are well fed and nourished.

Already, the African continent is home to many of the world’s most malnourished countries, therefore if we are to achieve global eradication of hunger, this is the most vital of regions to target; a region where aquaculture is becoming more and more prevalent.

A particularly fascinating region to focus on is Tanzania, both socio-economically and scientifically. Within its borders, Tanzania hosts International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 21

FEATURE

The main species of tilapia farmed globally is the Nile tilapia, a fish native to Africa, which offers great benefits to African aquaculture but also carries threats to native ecosystems. Like any species, when taken out of its natural environment the Nile tilapia can easily become invasive, which presents a threat to the staggeringly diverse populations of native fish in the African great lakes and river systems, which boast over a thousand species of cichlids between them.

These fish are of incredible interest to science, not only because there are so many of them, but because of their uniquely adaptable nature. Cichlid fish have an inherent knack of rapidly (evolutionarily speaking) filling various habitats and separating into a vast array of different forms, in a process known as adaptive radiation. What is most special about this is that the process seems to occur in parallel in different lakes, such that cichlid fish in lake Malawi might adopt an almost identical body form to a fish in lake Victoria, or even a fish in a lake in South America, in response to similar environmental challenges.

These adaptations can take the form of feeding behaviours, or even in tolerance to different environments, such as the soda cichlids, which thrive in intensely brackish water. Through studying how these fish are able to adapt so readily, and quickly, to a range of environments provides an almost unique opportunity for scientists to discover many of the secrets of genomics.

This is where researchers, including Tarang Mehta of the Di Palma and Haerty Group at Earlham Institute, UK, along with Antonia Ford of the University of Roehampton (previously at Bangor University, along with George Turner) and international organisations such as WorldFish, have highlighted a great opportunity to help drive forward the sustainable development of aquaculture. By applying the concepts of modern genomics, such

as we have with crops, we can help to inform and improve fish breeding programmes, while preventing the mixing of different fish species, and thus reducing the impact of non-native species.

The introduction of widely cultivated, exotic tilapia species, for example, might not actually be what is best in certain regions, where local fish varieties are better suited to the conditions.

By using modern genomics techniques, including next generation genome sequencing, we can research the factors that help local fish adapt and thrive better in local ecosystems, and use this information to find similarities in more widely cultivated species. In this way, desirable traits can be breeded in, created viable hybrid species that are highly adapted to different ecosystems with rapid growth rates, much akin to the Genetically Improved Farmed Tilapia (GIFT) strain created by WorldFish.

Genomic techniques can also be applied to study and confirm species identity of wild populations of fish (in some cases, where exotic species have escaped), which can help us to identify areas in which to focus our conservation efforts.

It would be a tremendous shame to lose the diversity of cichlids found in the African Great Lakes and rivers due to the introduction of exotic species such as the Nile tilapia, not only for local diversity but also for the advancement of aquaculture itself. The information locked inside the multiple, rich, diverse forms of cichlids in the Rift lakes and rivers are as valuable to aquaculture as the study of wild grasses is to farming wheat. By better understanding how cichlids can adapt to a huge range of environments, we can breed tilapia that can withstand a swathe of environmental conditions, and produce fish that use less feed, grow rapidly, produce less waste, and can increase the socio-economic value of aquaculture in one of the world’s most impoverished regions.

22 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

11-14 SEPT. 2018 RENNES - FRANCE

More than 1.440 exhibitors in 11 halls in 2017 and 250 booths outdoors.

An exhibit area of 16 Ha. Free farm visits program.

More than 114.000 trade visitors, including 14.000 international from 128 countries.

More than 70 conferences, Espace for the Furture and Innov’Space. > Obtain your free pass on: www.space.fr

THE INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION FOR ANIMAL PRODUCTION LE SALON INTERNATIONAL DES PRODUCTIONS ANIMALES

@SPACERennes #SPACE2018 +33 2 23 48 28 90 / international@space.fr

FEATURE

Application of metrics to marine ingredient use in aquafeeds

by Dr Neil Auchterlonie, Technical Director, IFFO

A

s is the case for the aquaculture industry itself, the marine ingredients industry has been the focus of attention on its usee of forage fish stocks as raw material for aquafeed ingredients. In an effort to adopt some method for accounting for the volumes of whole fish being used in fishmeal and fish oil production, metrics have been proposed for calculating the use of wild fish in aquaculture production.

Within that approach the Fish In: Fish Out (FIFO) ratio, and, with possibly less emphasis, the Forage Fish Dependency Ratio (FFDR) are to the fore. Although at least one group of authors has challenged the use of FIFO on the basis that it is unclear whether it is an ecological, or an ethical indicator of fish resource use (Taylor et al., 2011), the stories behind these acronyms have long become an accepted way of looking at the fishmeal, aquafeed and aquaculture industries’ environmental performances.

Behind that acceptance there has been rather little discussion and debate over the usefulness of the application of the concept.

It seems straightforward to assume that a consideration of the amount of wild fish used in the production of farmed fish would be a true reflection of environmental sustainability, but is that really correct?

Nutritional contributions

Fishmeal is a nutritionally complete ingredient for carnivorous fish species. This is a fact that should be unsurprising given the

evolution with, and adaptation of, the carnivorous species to a piscivorous diet.

The nutritional benefits are well documented and include for example: high relative digestibility, excellent amino acid profiles and few issues with anti-nutritional factors (Lane, et al., 2014) as well as being rich in certain vitamins (e.g. A, B-group and D) and minerals (e.g. Ca, P, Fe, Zn, Se, I) (Olsen & Hasan, 2012).

All these nutrients are known to benefit physiology not only from the perspective of growth (obviously a key consideration in aquaculture production systems), but also from the perspective of fish health, and the nutritional composition of the end product.

As IFFO has argued previously (Auchterlonie, 2016), modern fed aquaculture is successful partly by virtue of the foundation that fishmeal and fish oil provided in nutritionally complete diets for carnivorous species (e.g. salmon, shrimp) in the early Table 1: FIFO calculations for 2000, 2010 and 2015 Year Group

2000

2010

2015

Crustaceans

0.91

0.45

0.46

Marine Fish

1.48

0.88

0.53

Salmon & Trout

2.57

1.38

0.82

Eels

2.98

1.81

1.75

Cyprinids

0.07

0.03

0.02

Tilapias

0.27

0.18

0.15

Other Freshwater species

0.60

0.15

0.13

Aquaculture total

0.63

0.33

0.22

24 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

years, freeing up the industry to make the advances in systems technology and health which have been so important to its progress.

More fish, more feed

Aquaculture is the fastest growing protein sector and although that rate of growth was estimated by the FAO estimated to decline to 5.8 percent (over 2005-2014) from 7.2 percent (over 19952004) (Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2016), its contribution to food security is significant, and it is one of the few protein sectors showing growth.

Although all that growth is not supported entirely from the fed species (it also includes contributions from shellfish and seaweed cultivation for instance), fed species are considered to be about half of the total but increasing at a faster rate relative to the unfed species (Food and Agriculture Organisation, 2016). With that growth comes an obvious increasing need for feed volume. A finite supply of fishmeal and fish oil every year is set against a background of increasing feed supply, as has been pointed out by authors such as Fry et al., (2016), showing predicted growth between 2000 and 2020 (Figure 1).

It is clear that the early feeds would have to change in composition to meet the growing demand, as there just wasn’t enough fishmeal and fish oil to continue to manufacture diets with the early formulations.

The aquafeed industry has consistently substituted some of the fishmeal and fish oil in feeds for salmon and other farmed species over time. This has been recognised as a response to the availability of the marine ingredients (Ytrestøyl, Aas, & Åsgård, 2015), which is especially an issue during years where there are reductions in supply such as when there may be an El Niňo event

in the Pacific Ocean.

The feed industry sought ways to dampen the peaks and troughs attached to ingredient supply through the provision of alternative ingredients. That decline in use has been catalogued in the scientific literature occasionally (Ibid.), although much of the work to achieve those reductions is a result of those feed companies’ long-term investment in research, and so is by definition commercial information.

With all that effort, it actually seems that for many fish species marine ingredient substitution has a lower limit based on current feed technology, and may occur down only as far as a threshold level because of the specific nutritional attributes of fishmeal and fish oil, viewed against the nutritional needs of those species.

In some instances we may be very close to those thresholds such as in, for example, fish oil inclusions in grower diets for salmon (Sprague, Dick, & Tocher, 2016). In other species there is also an acknowledgement of the role that fishmeal

Your partner in top-quality ring dies for all pellet press brands

Extruders and Expanders

info@almex.nl

A Triott Company

Almex extruders are used for : » Pet Food extrusion » (floating) Aquafeed extrusion » Animal Feed extrusion » Oil seed extraction » Cereal processing extrusion » Compacting » Pre-conditioning prior to other processes

www.almex.nl International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 25

WWW.PCE.EU

FEATURE

plays in palatability of feeds (Glencross et al., 2016), an often overlooked characteristic of this ingredient, and perhaps increasingly important when viewed in the context of continuing increasing partial replacement by commodity protein ingredients.

Substitution of ingredients as nutritionally complex as fishmeal and fish oil is not straightforward.

FIFO numbers

IFFO has been tracking the FIFO ratio in fed aquaculture since 2000. Figures for 2000 were calculated by IFFO using the FAO production data and the IFFO annual estimates, updated in 2010 and a further recent calculation made using the 2015 data. These comparisons are presented in Figure 2.

Not unexpectedly, these figures show a declining trend – the background of increased aquaculture production, an increased volume of feed set against a finite supply of fishmeal and fish oil makes this no surprise.

That the FIFO ratio calculations have continued to show a decline has been generally well received, even though the concept continues to draw attention away from the actual contribution that the marine ingredients make to aquaculture production. Some authors have explored the relevance of the approach (Welch et al., 2010), but it is still widely acknowledged as a metric for aquaculture performance even though there are layers of complexity below the apparent comparison in the FIFO ratio.

That ratio simply compares crude protein and energy supply in aquafeed to the amount of edible fish supplied via fed aquaculture. It does not take account of the other factors supplied in fishmeal and fish oil as high value aquafeed ingredients, and therefore underestimates the actual contribution made. IFFO has been presenting fishmeal and fish oil as strategic ingredients in aquafeeds for at least the last decade, and the view has been shared by investors (Rabobank, 2015).

It is quite clear that such a strategic positioning is a reflection of

the materials’ superior nutritional profile, a factor that is neglected within the FIFO calculation. That strategic use accompanies a change in incorporation in feeds towards optimal benefits, such as in feeds for juveniles and broodstock, for example.

What comes 'out' is more dependent on the nutritional qualities of what goes 'in' than FIFO seems to portray. Utilisation of marine ingredients in feeds to optimise performance in juvenile stocks so the fish can get the nutritional benefits when the young animals need it most, is analogous to the materials use in land animal feeds such as for pigs and poultry.

Meeting the criticisms – Were they ever actually valid?

Over the period where the feed companies have been working hard to make the available supplies of fishmeal and fish oil go further, one thing that didn’t change was the perennial criticism from some groups of the aquaculture sector’s use of wild fish as raw material for ingredients used in feed formulations.

That criticism erupted in the early 1990s with the general question “how many kilos of wild fish does it take to produce a kilo of farmed salmon” and reflected what appeared to some to be a sensible question to ask, which was why feed fish to farmed fish when humans could eat those wild fish directly anyway.

For those critics, it seems that the effort of the whole process of making fishmeal and fish oil, fish feed, and then farming salmon and other fish species took fish away from the environment and local communities, an expense that was – apparently - to the benefit of commercial interests thinly veiled as corporate greed.

Attempts to address the use of wild fish in aquafeeds were encapsulated in the term FIFO, and to a lesser extent FFDR, but the subtext in both essentially mean the same thing: reduce the amount of (whole) wild fish used in aquafeed formulations.

The rationale appeared to be straightforward, a continual downward pressure on fishmeal and fish oil use in aquafeeds

26 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Bßhler – gentle processing at its best.

From raw material handling, cooking and shaping through extrusion to drying and coating of finished products. With an extensive know-how and a passion for quality we ensure product uniformity, production efficiency, and maximum sanitation and safety.

www.buhlergroup.com/aquafeed

Complete solutions from a single source.

Aquafeed.

Innovations for a better world.

FEATURE

would reduce the pressure on the fisheries which are being used to supply the raw material for fishmeal and fish oil, hence improving their sustainability and marine ecosystem health.

The thesis was that these fish would also go to direct human consumption, supporting local fishers, their communities and nutrition (often) in developing countries.

Unfortunately, that view is not quite sophisticated enough to take into account the realities of the situation, and there are at least six points that should be considered when reviewing the success, or otherwise, of the FIFO/FFDR approach. These are summarised below.

Point 1

A reduction in marine ingredient inclusion in aquafeeds has been achieved by the feed sector without the influence of the FIFO/FFDR agenda. As we have seen, the reduction in marine ingredients and the corresponding increase in available volume of aquafeeds has been driven largely by the feed companies, rather than any adoption of FIFO/FFDR principles.

Point 2

The reduction fisheries that are used for fishmeal and fish oil production are a natural resource that would otherwise not contribute significantly to global food production. The idea of using these fish stocks to support direct human nutrition is based on several incorrect assumptions. In the vast majority of instances, the stocks do not have a market for their product as food for direct human consumption, even where there has been considerable investment by governments, in for example Peru, to promote those markets.

Although a small move in direct human consumption has been observed in some of these stocks (and a corresponding increase in the proportional use of byproduct in fishmeal and fish oil manufacture), this is not significant in volume. There are some obvious species that are used for reduction that are unlikely ever to have a direct human consumption market because they are unpalatable, such as the Peruvian anchovy (Engraulis ringens), Atlantic (Brevoortia tyrannus) and Gulf (B. patronus) menhaden species in North America, and the boarfish (Capros aper) in Europe.

Point 3

Under modern fishery management approaches, the variability observed in forage fish stock populations is influenced by environmental factors rather than fishing pressure. The concept of leaving these fish stocks to support marine ecosystem health is also based on a false premise, that the fisheries models predicting

simplified relationships across trophic levels were accurate.

Science continually advances and we now understand that the variability in these low trophic level fish populations is broad and influenced rather more by environmental factors than fishing pressure (Hilborn et al., 2017). That variability has been predicted to have occurred before the advent of exploitation of the resource by humans in the case of some fisheries including that for the important Peruvian anchovy (Finney et al., 2010).

An oft-quoted argument related to the harvesting of these stocks is the one of maintaining a prey source for marine predators (especially mammalian and avian). In fact, developments in the science of these stocks and their interactions with predators indicate a great degree of size selectivity, spatial distribution, and opportunism in predator populations, and a consequent lack of evidence for a strong connection between forage fish abundance and the abundance of their predators (Hilborn et al., 2017).

Point 4

The management of forage fish stocks is relatively successful.

The idea that FIFO/FFDR would support improved management of the small pelagic fish species’ stocks that supply the bulk of the raw material for fishmeal and fish oil production is unfounded.

It assumes in the first instance that these stocks are not well managed, which is a broad generalisation. Unlike some of the food species, the forage fish species are typically small, fastgrowing, early maturing fish, with a tendency towards single stock populations, all of which make modelling and management more straightforward than many of the more complex fisheries that supply food for direct consumption.

The Sustainable Fisheries Partnership notes in their review of reduction fisheries in 2017, that “more than three quarters (81%) of the total catch volume in this analysis comes from stocks that are reasonably well managed (or better)� in an investigation that looked at 20 stocks with a volume equivalent to approximately 74 percent of the whole fish reduction annual total volume.

[The SFP also notes that there is an outlier to this good news with a particular regional issue related to SE Asia. At IFFO we have also noted this and together with the Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) we are funding a study that will look at where improvements could be made.]

The fishmeal industry itself has achieved much to improve the health of these stocks through the adoption of certification schemes such as the IFFO RS (Responsible Supply) scheme (see: www.iffors.com). Volumes of IFFO RS certified fishmeal achieve proportionate volumes of certified product well in excess of comparable feed ingredients, estimated to cover 49 percent of global production in 2017.

Point 5

Figure 1. Predicted requirement for aquafeed 2000-2020, from Fry et al., (2016)

28 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Driving lower inclusion rates for fishmeal and fish oil potentially influences the nutritional profile of aquaculture product. An arbitrary setting of marine ingredient inclusion rates by external groups to the marine ingredients, aquafeed and aquaculture industries has the potential to have a direct effect on the nutritional qualities of the farmed fish product.

This is a direct consequence of the

FEATURE

nutritional richness of the micronutrient composition of fishmeal, a richness that is unparalleled in alternative ingredients. In farmed salmon this could have an effect on, for example, the long chain omega-3 fatty acid concentration, as has been documented in Scotland (Sprague et al., 2016). It also potentially carries a direct conflict with those producers who may wish to produce a high omega-3 product for the premium market. It is feasible that there may be other effects of reduced micronutrients, and at least one EU project has been funded to investigate this important aspect of the nutritional content of farmed fish.

Point 6

Reducing fishmeal and fish oil may impact fish health and survival of farmed fish stocks. As well as product quality, setting lower marine ingredient inclusions may also have an impact on fish health and the ability of the farmed animals to cope with disease challenge. In modern aquaculture systems this is amongst the most important of issues relating to sustainability, and readers will be only too aware of the criticisms received by the salmon farming industry about levels of sea lice, and volumes of veterinary medicines used for treatments.

We know that some of the micronutrients in fishmeal and fish oil are essential to fish physiology, and some notably for immune system function and competence. Some of this science is still developing, but we can see that omega-3 concentrations in farmed salmon are important in relation to 'robustness' and the ability of the fish to cope with physical handling and stress, from work undertaken by Nofima recently.

We also know that in terrestrial species some gut microflora populations in some farmed animals are influenced by diet,

which again has an impact on animal health. At least one project (at the University of Aberdeen) is already investigating this subject in relation to farmed salmon. There is the very real possibility that pressurising the inclusion rates for fishmeal and fish oil downwards actually has an impact on health, survival and therefore sustainability of farmed fish stock in aquaculture systems.

This must have been very far from the minds of those who advocated a reduction of marine ingredient inclusions in fish feeds in the first place, and although perhaps follows the concept of unintended consequences, is a very real-life example of how the complexities of aquaculture production cannot be viewed as single issues in isolation.

Conclusion

Ultimately, then, we must question the adoption of the principle of limiting of marine ingredients in aquafeeds since largely it doesn’t seem to have achieved what it set out to do. It was a procedure that was designed to influence the sustainability agenda of the forage fish stocks that provide the raw material for fishmeal and fish oil production, but actually there is little evidence that this has happened.

In reality improvements have been driven by the fishmeal industry itself through the adoption of certification schemes and responsible supply practices. Where reductions in marine ingredients have occurred, these have actually been driven by the aquafeed companies in response to the availability of marine ingredients. FIFO and FFDR seem to have very little bearing on the improvements in sustainability over time, contrasting very heavily with the real advancements made by the fishmeal and feed industries.

Operational safety starts with innovative thinking.

Safe feed production.

Healthy business.

VISIT US

AT

sia victamAA020

Stand rch 2018

27-29 M

a

k B an g ko

Reduce the risk of dust explosions and save on operational costs with our new feeding device with built-in heavy parts separator.

By preventing stones and heavy parts from entering the hammer mill, the explosion risk is minimized and the lifetime of the screens will increase. The compact, yet robust new feeding device is designed to fit perfectly with the GD hammer mill and the automatic screen exchange.

www.aarsen.com/machines/hammer-mills

2018_Advertenties_CU Dynamic_HMO_.indd 1

International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 29

23-2-2018 15:22:50

FEATURE

Two becomes one: From agriculture to aquaculture through education and dedicated science

D

An interview with Dr Philip Lyons, PhD Research Scientist and Ben Lamberigts Manager of Quality, Research and Nutrition from Coppens International BV

uring a visit to Coppens International’s grand opening last year, International Aquafeed interviewed esteemed Research Scientist, Dr Philip Lyons and colleague Ben Lamberigts, Manager of Quality, Research and Nutrition about the projects that global agricultural business Alltech would be taking on now in the aquacultural world through Coppens.

What areas of research are Alltech and Coppens International currently working on?

“The research here has all been extremely practical but Alltech is always pushing the boundaries when it comes to molecular technologies and nutrigenomics; with nutritional programming being one of the big areas that we’ll start to look at more and more. We are making low fishmeal and low fish oil or zero fishmeal, fish-oil diets for the grow-out phase of production but we need to start thinking about how we’re going to do that in the earlier phases,” Dr Lyons explains.

He continues, “We had a research meeting recently with a lot of the scientists from Alltech and we discussed ways in which we can implement that kind of research into the more practical work that we’re doing here. With regards to creating a new feed additive, the aim would be to optimise the health of a fish so that the farmer could say, “I’ve got a product here that uses Alltech technology and Coppens feed and we can reduce sea lice,” for instance. As consumers are becoming more aware of the welfare of fish, this is becoming more and more important as well.

“One of our major strengths is that we now have experience, from working with Coppens, with Carp, Coy Carp, Eel, African Catfish, Pangasius and Tilapia. With this broad area of expertise and ability to diversify, we can hit markets other than the Salmonid market.

For example, we have a research alliance with Ocean University in China, looking at Tilapia now,” he summarises.

Have you had a generally positive customer response since the acquisition?

“The industry is booming, we are booming and we see our customers booming. We have a lot of resources coming from Alltech, not only financially but also through human resources and know-how, which we hope will help us in the future,” Mr Lamberigts says proudly.

“We started a campaign on the new products that we introduced into our feed and because we are with Alltech now, performance (FCR, health, lower mortality) increases and the price of the fish feed stays the same so it is advantageous for the customer,” he continues.

Discussing fish safety, he points out, “We always have to think that we are producing a product for human consumption and the quality of the fish is also the safety of the fish. This is one of the big advantages of FORPlus, because whereas fish oil contains a lot of dioxins and heavy metal from the sea, the algae are cultivated so they don’t have any dioxins.”

The team around you is very important to the company’s response he explains, “When we are recruiting new people in my department, we are looking for nutritionists and of course we have a very successful commercial and technical team who are more on the fish and aquaculture side, but what my team is doing here also on the nutrition side and in Germany, is we are focusing on nutrition so raw materials and nutritional profiling and requirements. These are the basics you have to understand.”

How has education played a role in your career and is there a graduate opportunities at Alltech?

“Between my masters at Sterling University and PhD, I continued on my masters project until the PhD was set up which I think was one of the best decisions I ever made because it meant I got great exposure to the gods of fish nutrition as it were,” Dr Lyons reflects.

“I spent four years around them and their grad students, which taught me about how research is carried out and how to become

30 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

FEATURE

a better researcher myself such as how to carry out protocols and design experiments and come up with hypotheses. It also gave me the opportunity to travel and present at EAS and WAS which are relevant when you enter the commercial environment and you have to present at R&D meetings to colleagues or customers,” he went on.

Describing educational practices at parent company Alltech he says, “Historically at Alltech, we’ve had career development programmes in poultry, dairy and swine, where we take people who are just leaving bachelor’s programmes and either sponsor them to do a masters or PhD programme and sponsor projects at the end, which are of interest to both them and us, with a view to take those students on as employees.

“So if we don’t start a career development programme for aquaculture, we will start to look at sponsoring PhD and Masters students in areas that are of interest to us because we’re going to need the expertise given our growing markets. Ultimately, we want people with the same passion as us to be on our team so it is definitely something we are looking at.

“My advice is to someone wanting to get involved in aquaculture is to be very flexible and prepared to travel a lot because the growth areas are in Asia mostly. I would advise the PhD route is a great way to gain a lot of information about fish and about aquaculture in a short amount of time. It’s not the be all and end all though; passion for the industry will override most things,” he finishes.

How do roles overlap in company production?

“For Alltech, the aqua feed side was brand new so this synergy

THE WORLD’S LEADING EVENT FOR MARINE SCIENCE AND OCEAN TECHNOLOGY

Progress Pellet Press

Register to attend for FREE at: oceanologyinternational.com

SOURCE the latest products and innovative services from 520+ worldwide suppliers, contractors and end-users in the offshore and subsea industries

LEARN about near and far market export opportunities hosted by international trade groups

BUILD your knowledge with 90+ hours of free content with key industry experts on the latest developments and technology opportunities from the offshore, marine and subsea sectors

NETWORK with 8,000+ fellow industry professionals during the exhibition and structured networking events

CONNECT with attendees from the oil & gas, engineering, renewables, maritime security and marine science industries all under one roof

DISCOVER the latest equipment and products in action with our live vessel and dockside demonstration programme

Organised by:

Endorsing associations:

A Triott Company

BE A PART OF THE LEADING MARINE SCIENCE AND OCEAN TECHNOLOGY EVENT

In partnership with:

Specialist in Pelleting Equipment info@ptn.nl - www.ptn.nl International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 31

FEATURE

is huge but they are specialised in single raw materials and what we do is something completely different,” Mr Lamberigts starts.

Going further into the processing he remarks, “We are mixing these raw materials and we are making an end product, so we are producing something and what they are doing is making new raw materials. So our business is brand new for Alltech and now we are seeing them picking up the knowledge that we bring to them and we hope the companies can grow together.”

What do you think are the biggest challenges facing aquaculture at the moment and how can they be solved?

“Raw materials - so overuse of fishmeal and fish oil is the standard issue, while pancreas disease has been an upcoming disease for Atlantic Salmon over the last few years, and Amoebic gill disease (AGD) is also a very serious issue in the industry,” Dr Lyons begins.

“If we do go further out to sea, we need to make sure that the systems we use won’t have a detrimental impact on the environment - I always think of the prescient quote “No blue, no green” voiced by scientist Sylvia Earle. So on a more positive note, I believe that the diversification of species is important because we have thousands of species that we know nothing about and can easily start looking at, and they are perhaps more suitable than those we are focusing on at the minute,” he continues.

“I also think RAS will be huge once they can master the cost elements because you see with Atlantic Salmon that smolts are now being grown to 500, 600, 700 grammes before they’re even going to sea. So that’s another promising area for the future.

Feeds for RAS are an obvious area for us such as mineral retention for RAS fed fish, which we are employing into our feeds. If we were talking about moving offshore, we would be working closer with customers and producers. There should always be an on-farm presence working closely with the farmer, speaking about what problems they have, and then feeding that back into our research, so we know how to affect change on the farm level.”

“Last but not least, I think the digitalisation of aquaculture will be hugely beneficial because it’s challenging trying to monitor individual fish but there are systems already out there now that can do this, so real-time analytics will be massive in the future for sure,” he philosophises.

Mr Lamberigts follows on, “The Recirculation industry needs to become more developed because it is my feeling that it’s the only sustainable way of producing aquaculture fish.”

He encapsulates, “We have all heard the problems with salmon in cages, diseases in shrimp - all coming from external inputs and on top of this, these resources, like fishmeal, are limited. So in my opinion, the only way of developing this industry is land-based.”

How the NeoGreen can change the aquaculture market and what it means for the future?

“We not only want to sell a product, we want to sell a concept and it’s not only selling this concept to fish farmers, we want to start a campaign to sell this project to the end consumer who also has to understand what we are doing. If they understand why we are looking at alternatives to fishing from the seas, this will become a success,” Mr Lamberigts remarks frankly.

What is your view on the growth of insects as an alternative protein source?

“It’s a very interesting protein source and it makes total sense to me as a scientist, certainly when you look at the diet of a wild

trout, which is based on mayflies and nymphs and so on. It’s obviously got a lot of potential,” Dr Lyons begins in brief.

“We’re interested in it from a natural point of view because we have the FORPLUS algae and then if you combine the oil section with insect meal, you have an extremely sustainable feed.

“We’d need to evaluate which has the best amino acid profile, which is the most digestible for each individual fish species, and what the cost would be,” he divulges.

What research do you consider to be the most promising?

Mr Lamberigts doesn’t hesitate, “NeoGreen, recirculation of trout and the hobby market. The area of mycotoxins is also really underestimated.”

On a slight tangent he goes on, “I really hope that in the next five or 10 years that Coppens will build a factory in Africa, in Nigeria for example because that’s where the booming market is and that’s where we can feed the world, and where the need for fish protein really is.

“But I think what’s lacking in the industry now is the sharing of knowledge between different companies which, as a scientist, is of course easy to say,” he finishes.

How do you think climate change will affect aquaculture?

“Rising water temperatures will have an impact on fish health, and you will see diseases that perhaps aren’t always showing up on certain farms beginning to do so as a result of shifts in ocean temperature,” Dr Lyons starts to explain.

“A recent example of this is AGD from Tasmania where salmon are grown at higher water temperatures and they’ve always had a historical problem with AGD and now we’re starting to see it in Scotland and Norway,” he goes on.

Ending on an important thought, he says, “It’s not confirmed that it’s a direct link but it certainly makes sense that it could be.

Further to this, obviously the more carbon dioxide that there is in the water is also going to play a serious part.”

32 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

EXPERT TOPIC FRESHWATER PRAWN

INTRODUCTION FRESHWATER PRAWN EXPERT TOPIC

by Vaughn Entwistle

Prawns versus shrimp. While the two may share superficial similarities, they are two distinct species. Shrimp are smaller, have shorter legs and have claws only on two pairs. Prawns have branching gills while the gills of shrimp are lamellar, i.e. plate-like. Prawns and shrimp are both decapod crustaceans— they have exoskeletons and 10 legs. Both species can be found in salt water and fresh water all over the world. Both species are typically found near coasts and estuaries where they are found swimming near the bottom while feeding. They share similar flavours and come in a wide range of sizes from miniscule to quite large.

One of the most commercially important breeds of freshwater shrimp is Macrobrachium rosenbergii, also known as the Giant River Prawn or Giant Freshwater Prawn. It is one of the largest freshwater prawn species (they can grow to be over 30 cm long).

Not surprisingly, Giant River Prawns are one of the, most widely cultivated. The only other freshwater prawns cultivated in any kind of quantity are the Oriental River Prawn (M. nipponense) farmed in China, and the Indian White Prawn (Pineus indicus) and the Tiger Prawn (Pineus. morodon) farmed in India. Other major farmers of fresh water prawns are Taiwan, Bangladesh and Vietnam.

Freshwater prawn farming is suitable for tropical or subtropical climates. They are reared in a variety of freshwater enclosures, including tanks, irrigation ditches, cages, pens, and reservoirs, although the most common enclosures are earthen ponds, which typically supply the best yields for commercial farming. Farming prawn shares many similarities with marine shrimp operations.

The larvae are cultivated in brackish-water ponds, and then transferred to larger freshwater ponds for an acclimation period, before being moved to large growout ponds to grow to maturity.

Inland hatcheries produce brackish water by mixing freshwater with seawater transported from the coast, brine trucked from salt pans, or artificial seawater The prawns are harvested either by draining the pond and hand picking them (so-called “batch” harvesting), or they are fished out of the pond using small electric nets or seine nets. Whether the shrimp are raised in ponds, pools, or containers, it is essential to supply them with a flow of fresh, clean, oxygenated water.

Because prawns are aggressive and incidences of cannibalism are common if population densities grow too high, prawn cannot be as intensively farmed as shrimp. However, one advantage is that prawn farming subsequently has a lower environmental impact than shrimp farming.

Wild prawns are omnivores. Farmed prawns are typically fed a pellet that resembles a chicken pellet. The ingredients are usually fishmeal, fish oil, and plant protein like soybeans. Farmed prawns also often forage in their ponds for insects and plankton.

34 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

EXPERT TOPIC

FRESHWATER PRAWN

COMPLETE FISH FEED PLANTS KAHL fish feed plants are equipped with the latest process technology, the core of which is the extrusion system with the extruder OEE and the process control system ESEP. In the production process, the raw materials undergo the process steps of weighing, fine grinding, mixing, extrusion, drying, vacuum coating, cooling and packaging.

See us:

VICTAM ASIA

AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG Dieselstrasse 5–9 · 21465 Reinbek Hamburg, Germany

27 – 29 March 2018

+49 (0) 40 72 77 10 info@akahl.de · akahl.de

Double Shaft Paddle Mixers (DPMA) The Wynveen double shaft paddle mixers, realizes high mixing capacity with a relative small mixer content. The mixer has a mixing time, depending on the product type and quantity, from 30 to 60 seconds.

Features • Capacities available from 500 to 20.000 liters • Mixing accuracy of 1:100.000/C.V. < 5% • Short mixing time of approximately 30-60 seconds • Minimum filling degree will be 25% of the nominal content • Extra wide bomb doors.

www.wynveen.com International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 35

EXPERT TOPIC PRAWN

FRESHWATER

PRAWN EXPERT TOPIC Prawn culture in reservoirs of Telangana, India

by Dr B. Laxmappa, Fisheries Development Officer, Department of Fisheries, Telangana.

India and V.Srinivas, Dy. Director of Fisheries, Department of Fisheries, Telangana, India

R

eservoirs are the huge water bodies and potential source for fisheries development in India including Telangana state. The main purpose of the construction of these reservoirs was to protect the economically backward areas and also to eliminate the scarcity of food grains and water problems. Though the Reservoirs were constructed primarily for irrigation purpose and the fishery is evolved as the secondary activity Freshwater prawn has become an important component of global aquaculture both in terms of quantity and value. India is the second largest producer of freshwater prawn in the World.

Freshwater prawn belongs to the family Palaemonidae and majority of the commercially important freshwater prawns belong to the genus Macrobrachium. Among the commercially important freshwater prawn of India three species, namely M. rosenbergii, M. malcomsonii and M. gageticum are suitable for aquaculture.

Considering the high export potential, the freshwater prawn enjoys immense potential for culture in some of the reservoirs in the Telangana, India. In many of the reservoirs cultivable fishes are being stocked to enhance production and not utilising optimum for fish culture along with freshwater prawn. Culture trials of freshwater prawn by stocking of wild prawn seed have been carried out successfully in a couple of reservoirs in Telangana.

Prawn seed stocking

The Department of Fisheries was made to attempt and encourage the fishermen in the state to take up freshwater prawn culture in certain water bodies along with carp culture.

The fishermen were also created awareness on prawn culture activity in the reservoirs. The fishermen were made to attempt and stock prawn seed of natural collection from Godavari River in Andhra Pradesh, India. The culture period is about six to eight months, no feed was given during culture period either to fish or to prawn, and were allowed to grow on natural feed only.

Prawn seed grow well and get good production, which encourags these reservoir fishermen for regular stocking of prawn seed in a few reservoirs of Telangana state. This is the turning 36 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

point to these reservoir fishermen to get additional income from prawn in addition to regular fish catching.

Production trends

The production rate ranged from 40-83 kg / ha. There is no uniform growth in prawn and the sizes range from 30g to 110g each. The fishermen of the area concerned are taking up the freshwater prawn culture along with the Indian major carps to get additional production of prawn in the state.

Initiative of the Government

More than 70 reservoirs exist in Telangana state of India. Each reservoir ranging about 300 ha to more than 6000 ha water spread area. This year (2017), the government of Telangana, Fisheries Department has taken initiative and stocked the hatchery seed of Macrobrachium rosenbergii juveniles’ in selected reservoirs for culture on pilot basis.

On studying results of prawn success, seed stocking will be extended to remaining suitable reservoirs in the state for the next year.

Perspectives

The reservoirs are the huge water bodies, perennial in nature and are the potential source for freshwater prawn farming. Since the world market for freshwater prawn is expanding with attractive prices, there is great scope for prawn production and export.

Still there are vast opportunities are existing for increasing of productivity from the reservoirs. The improved fishery in reservoirs should also include interventions that aim at increasing the capacity of fisher folk communities in low-cost technologies and curtail post-harvest losses. Timely and quality fish and prawn seed stocking is required to augment the production levels.

Moreover sound marketing system will also fetch higher incomes, which further improve the socio-economic status of the fishermen.

Save time, frustration and money.

INTRODUCING WENGER’S NEW MODULAR EXTRUSION INTEGRATION (MOXI) Wenger’s plug-and-play solution for extrusion process design and implementation reduces system installation time by up to 60 percent. It literally eliminates the need to design interconnection piping between devices, and reduces the requirement for local contractors – who may be unfamiliar with current extrusion process design standards. With MOXI, there are no floor-mounted extruder components; so the extruder barrel is clear of all system attachments, while providing ready access for maintenance, cleaning and sanitizing.

Know more about the extreme benefits and customized options of MOXI. Email us at info@wenger.com today.

Developed and supported by

PHONE: 785.284.2133 | EMAIL: INFO@WENGER.COM | WENGER.COM USA

|

BELGIUM

|

TAIWAN

37 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

|

BRASIL

|

CHINA

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

#1

Tilapia: Miracle Fish (Part 2)

In the January edition of International Aquafeed, “Tilapia - Miracle Fish (Part 1)” feature on page 26, going into in-depth detail of the global farming of Tilapia. It explained that “Market opportunities for green growth and special quality tilapia produced using using sustainable intensification technologies should be viewed as an opportunity rather than a liability.” These green growth initiatives have been followed up in this article, Tilapia - Miracle Fish (Part 2) - it features an in-depth view in sustainable tilapia farming discussing aquaponic systems, hydraulic water-driven vertical farming systems and cage farming.

by Ramon Kourie, Chief Technical Officer, SustAqua Fish Farms (Pty) Ltd.,

Figure 1: Leading sustainably and responsibly farmed fish certification NGOs.

We all thought the sustainable seafood movement was limited to the EU and North American markets.

Not so. The Global Seafood Ratings Alliance (GSRA) brings together 13 non-governmental organisations (NGOs) from around the globe each focused on improving the health of the world’s oceans and the fisheries they support by implementing programs that rate and promote sustainable seafood products.

The sustainable seafood movement is gaining traction outside of North America and the EU markets in South America, the Middle East, Australasia, South Africa and the greater part of Asia among more formal markets, supermarket multiples and restaurant chains.

A common theme among seafood rating NGOs is the promotion of seafood consumer guides.

These typically provide a list of best or recommended choices, best alternatives or lets “think twice”, and lastly an avoid list of fish species and/or sources guiding consumers away from unsustainable seafood choices. The “Seafood Watch Program” in the US and the “Good Fish Guide”, an initiative of the Marine Conservation Society (MCS) in the UK, have in addition embraced a more holistic approach in their seafood rating guides to include food safety and consumer protection, animal welfare and violations of labour standards through third party sustainably produced and responsibly farmed certification(s). The most prominent certification schemes include the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP) and GLOBALG.A.P. Supplemented by Friend of the Sea add-on labelling.

Globalisation and a wave of negative publicity in the net pen salmon farming sector in Canada and Chile, i.e. stock escapes, habitat damage, water pollution and algal blooms, has spilled over affecting the ratings of tilapia cage farming in the tropics. The Good Fish Guides advisory to consumers in the UK for instance is to make sure the tilapia they buy are Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) certified or originate from more sustainable Recirculation Aquaculture Systems (RAS). Sustainably forms the cornerstone of the “Good Fish Guide” guided by production methods which reduce negative environmental impacts (e.g. discharges, escapes, transfer of disease and parasites, habitat damage and water pollution or degradation) associated with other culture systems such as open net pen/cage culture and pond systems.

Similarly, farmed tilapias raised in Recirculation Aquaculture Systems (RAS) worldwide have been ranked “Best Choice” by the Seafood Watch, an initiative of the Monterey Bay Aquarium, which aims to help consumers and businesses make ocean-friendly seafood choices using science-based recommendations.

Conversely, tilapia originating from net pen or cage farms in pristine lakes whether in Indonesia or Guatemala ranks as “Good Alternatives” by the Seafood Watch Program. Although much of the best quality tilapia originates from net pen farming in pristine tropical lakes where the environmental costs are not counted nor passed onto consumers nor recovered by resident lakeshore communities, nor taxed by regulatory authorities.

What is evident is that a well managed cage-farming operation which may acquire BAP or ASC certification subsequently might not score as the best seafood choice by the Good Fish Guide or by Seafood Watch. Clearly, in recent times the globalisation of the sustainability movement has begun to reward more sustainable fish farming operations commanding premiums for greener tilapia derived from more sustainable farming systems.

Viewed either as a liability or opportunity, tilapia producers the world over, need to adapt to capture consumer trust and market share to access more rewarding local and international markets, or alternatively suffer relegation to less rewarding local informal markets in the developing world.

Green growth opportunities

To counter the deleterious environmental effects of aquaculture growth, expected to more than double by 2050 from 2012 production levels, the World Resources Institute (WRI) in 2014 issued a plea for aquaculture development to abide by a set of directives in their report entitled, “Improving productivity and environmental performance of aquaculture”.

Increased investment in technological innovation and transfer, and the promotion of low-impact production systems, are 38 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY among the major themes advocated by WRI who first coined the term sustainable intensification.

Meeting the appeal of discerning local urban markets, and also highly regulated international markets, will increasingly require a shift on the part of producers to embrace “certifiable sustainable intensification” aquaculture systems such as RAS, Biofloc Technology (BFT), aquaponics technologies, Integrated Multi-Tropic Aquaculture (IMTA) and systems which include integration into irrigation schemes. Low impact “sustainable intensification” systems perform well across most indicators of productivity and environmental performance, ease resource constraints and can reduce food-miles given their placement flexibility capability.

Food safety is another concern. Tilapia produced using biosecure RAS at Blue Ridge Aquaculture in Virginia, US and large-scale BFT in Malawi by Chambo Fisheries have shown that it is entirely possible to raise fish without the use of antibiotics or hormones, and free of mercury (undetectable levels) and other industrial pollutants. Green growth opportunities in tilapia aquaculture present exciting opportunities across the globe, several of which are introduced here.

Decoupled freshwater RAS or BFT aquaponics

The freshwater production of tilapia either using a RAS or BFT system integrated into a decoupled aquaponics system for nutrient recovery offers green growth potential worldwide. This production philosophy enables water conservative chemical free fish and leafy green vegetable production either within or in close proximity to urban markets generating practically zero effluent.

Figure 2: Chemical- and hormone free tilapia reared in Blue Ridge Aquaculture’s RAS in Virginia, US.

A decoupled aquaponics system enables both the fish rearing and the vegetable production components to operate at their respective optimum water temperatures increasing placement flexibility into temperate climates. The bridge between the RAS or BFT includes an anaerobic digester to enable sludge digestion and mineralisation followed by the use of a Moving Bed Biofilter (MBB) to reduce nitrogenous compounds into usable nitrates and other plant nutrients for the aquaponics component.

Large-scale decoupled RAS aquaponics systems, using rafts, are being developed in South Africa (Figure 3) and elsewhere.

Similarly, a collaborative US-Brazilian research effort published in 2017 compared BFT and RAS aquaponics. Results indicated superior leafy green vegetable production using waste streams from BFT over RAS for the production of three varieties of lettuce Lactuca sativa: red lettuce, butter lettuce, and crispy lettuce.

In the next few years we are likely to see large-scale tilapia production using decoupled hydraulic water-driven vertical aquaponics systems such as those developed by Sky Greens for hydroponically grown fresh produce in Singapore in urban

The University of Limerick (UL) is a rapidly growing, modern university. UL is a young, energetic and enterprising university with a proud record of innovation in education, and excellence in research and scholarship. We take great pride in attracting students who are seeking a supportive learning environment to help nurture and achieve their personal and professional dreams.

UL is highly regarded for conducting leading-edge research in key areas such as biological sciences, information and communication technologies, materials and surface science, environment & bioengineering and humanities & social sciences.

Limerick is in western Ireland, an ideal starting point to explore the Wild Atlantic Way. Shannon International airport is only 24km away with frequent bus connections. Limerick, with an urban and hinterland population of over 200,000, has something to offer everybody thanks to its many cultural, historical, architectural, sporting, shopping and business activities. With almost 50 per cent of Limerick’s population under the age of 30, it is a vibrant, living, cosmopolitan city.

www.ul.ie International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 39

We have the largest work placement programme of any university in Ireland, with a network of over 1700 employers Amazing academic and sporting facilities on a stunning campus Graduate employment rates that are 18% above the Irish average

and peri-urban settings. Accelerated urbanisation, particularly in the developing world, will provide a ready market for sustainably produced chemical free tilapia and leafy green vegetables. Chemical free aquaponically grown produce usually attracts premiums in the marketplace offering excellent green growth opportunities for tilapia and vegetable production close to urban centres.

Industrial integrated tilapia farming systems

Figure 3: Large-scale decoupled raft aquaponics system under development in the Western Cape, South Africa.

Figure 4: The Sky Greens NFT hydraulic water-driven vertical farming system in Singapore offers great promise for urban and peri-urban tilapia aquaponics around the globe.

RAS and BFT tilapia production, due to their reduced waste streams and conservative use of freshwater, offers attractive integration opportunities where cropland irrigation is practiced in the tropics and warm arid regions replacing or reducing the use of chemical fertilisers.

Similar approaches to those being developed for decoupled aquaponics systems would allow for the inorganic extractive use of RAS and BFT waste streams via the production of a myriad of irrigated crops. The practice of using water for fish production followed by cropland irrigation has become widespread in arid Middle East countries, such as Egypt and Israel, offering a blueprint for commercial agriculture-aquaculture projects the world over.

Marine cultivated tilapia â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the new frontier for tilapia culture

Since the late 1980s Taiwan has almost silently capitalised on the Japanese niche market for sushi-sashimi quality tilapia, one up on first grade exportable freshwater reared tilapia, also known as izumidai. The practice involves the movement of near market ready freshwater reared tilapia into marine net pens where they are finished in seawater for a month or so to improve flavour quality and rid fish of freshwater parasites. Taiwanese farmed izumidai tilapia is a prized product in Japan and commands a premium price which trickles down to good rewards for producers collecting on average US$12.00/kg of fillets over the last 10 years or so.

Apart from the Japanese market, favourable reports have emerged from studies conducted in Puerto Rico where Florida red tilapia, a complex hybrid reared in seawater, were marketed and by exploratory market feedback of sea

40 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY water farmed hybrid tilapia in Gulf of Panama.

Consumers ranked marine cultivated Florida red tilapia highly in terms of taste, texture, freshness and presentation equal to or better than silk snapper, Lutjanus vivanus, a popular marine food fish in Puerto Rico commanding similar market prices.

Work in South Africa on the development of pure breeds of the euryhaline species, Mozambique tilapia, raised in sea water in what is believed to be a project of strategic food security for the country is set to begin in 2018.

Mozambique tilapia is indigenous to South African rivers and estuarine waters along the east coast and has shown to be the most salt tolerant of all the tilapia species.

International markets, apart from Japan and more discerning urban markets the world over, have for the most part been deprived of the opportunity to sample best quality sea water farmed tilapia as well as izumidai products for sushi bars. In fact, a second tilapia farming revolution is prognosticated following the development of tilapia breeds capable of performing well in full-strength seawater (35ppt) given their improved flavour quality and marketability. The Centre for Economic and Management of Aquatic Resources (CEMARE) scientists at the University of Portsmouth (UK) speculated that the development of vertically integrated large-scale operations coupled with low production costs at the higher technological end in

Figure 6: Large-scale industrial BFT tilapia farming in Malawi by Chambo Fisheries.

Figure 7: BFT grow-out tank field at Chambo Fisheries, Malawi.

Containerised Mills outputs 3 - 45 ton/h

All components reliable and tested Assembled and checked in factory before dispatch Container sized support frame included All electric components included Low freight costs and easy handling Saving on civil & building cost Minimum installation time on site Proved concept with many outstanding references

Modular solutions for: › Compound feed production › Pet food › Aqua feed › Cereal processing plants › Soybean processing › Premix / concentrates plants Type: C30-15-15

www.ottevanger.com

International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 41

A Triott Company

» » » » » » » »

MOBILE

Download the App using this QR code

Table 1: Product yield, energy and protein retention in edible parts of Atlantic salmon, tilapia, pigs, chickens and lamb tilapia culture may lead to the evolution Biofloc RAS Cage Greenwater Pigs Broiler Beefi Lamb Measurement Atlantic of an industrial concentration similar to raised raised culture Tilapia chickens parameter salmon that witnessed in farmed Atlantic salmon. tilapia tilapiag tilapia Ponds j (realized) (typical) This may well prove to be the case in f h marine cultivated tilapia due to improved Harvest yield (%)a 86 86.8 86.8 86.8 86.8 72.5 65.6 62.5 46.9 flavor and marketability.

Edible yield (%)b 68.3 46.3 46.3 46.3 46.3 52.1 46.1 40.0 38.2 The real prize lies in the use of Biofloc 1.1 + FCRc 1.15 1.00 1.27 1.60 2.63 1.79 12.7 6.3 Technology (BFT) raising hybrid red fertilizer N tilapia, or Mozambique tilapia, which Net Energy retention 23.0 20.9 15.9 12.5 19.3 14.0 10.0 n/a 5.0 perform well in sea-water, within a land (%)d based IMTA raising valuable organic and Net Protein retention 31.0 36.6 18.3 14.0 10.8 18.0 21.0 5.0 5.0 (%)e inorganic extractive species specifically a Harvest yield is yield of gutted and blend animal engineered and purposed for nutrient b Edible yield is ratio of total body weight that is normally eaten, muscle, body adipose tissue and liver, lung, and recovery (Figure 5). In a pioneering heart for pig effort, work is under way to initiate a Skin is excluded from all animals except in tilapia where skin has been counted. Harvest and edible yields for tilapia based upon the work of El-Zaeem et al. 2012 determined for 125 to 185g tilapia land-based BFT-IMTA industry raising c FCR = (kg feed fed)/ (kg body weight gain) Mozambique tilapia in South Africa. d Net Energy retention = (energy in edible parts)/ (gross energy fed) for all animals except tilapia taken at whole carcass energy content from Lupatsch (2012) BFT capitalises on the apt filtere Net Protein retention = (kg protein in edible parts)/ (kg protein fed) for all animals except tilapia taken at whole feeding ability of tilapias to recover carcass protein content from Lupatsch (2012) f FCR data based upon results achieved at Chambo Fisheries feeding 20.2% protein feed (C/N ratio = 15.5:1) feeding microbial protein and nutrients via 127g to 147g Oreochromis shiranus grazing on ‘heterotrophic plankton’ g FCR data from Chowdury eta al. (2013) feeding a 32% protein feed, GE of 16.7MJ/kg, DE of 14.3 MJ/Kg raising (collectively called biofloc) undoubtedly fish up to 220g h FCR data based upon achievements in large scale cage culture raising 127/147g Nile tilapia (O. niloticus) on 32% the perfect ‘miracle’ fish for BFT tank protein extruded feeds culture. Large-scale BFT tank culture i FCR, edible meat yield, energy and protein retention as percentages of edible meat yield in beef taken from Smil (2002) in Malawi of both Mozambique tilapia j Calculated from Diana et al. (1994). Supplemental Feeding of Tilapia in Fertilized Ponds. JOURNAL OF THE (Oreochromis mossambicus) and WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY Vol. 25, No. 4 December. 1994.

Data from: Shiranus tilapia (Oreochromis shiranus) 1) Bjorkli, J. (2002. Protein and energy account in salmon, chicken pig and lamb. M.Sc. Thesis, Norwegian University proved the merits of the technology. of Life Sciences (UMB), Results under large-scale commercial Norway for Atlantic salmon, pigs, broiler chickens amd lamb.

2) El-Zaeem et al. (2012) Flesh quality differentiation of wild and cultured Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) conditions were more than satisfactory. populations. African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 11(17), pp. 4086-4089.

Using bioenergetic feeding rate models 3) Smil,V. 2002. Nitrogen and Food Production: Proteins for Human Diets. Ambio Vol. 31 No. 2, March 2002 4) Unpublished inventory data from Chambo Fisheries (historical data in archives) to establish optimum feeding levels 5) Diana et al. (1994). Supplemental Feeding of Tilapia in Fertilized Ponds. JOURNAL OF THE WORLD the project realised Feed Conversion AQUACULTURE SOCIETY Vol. 25, No. 4 December. 1994.

Ratios (FCRs) averaging 1:1 feeding a 20.2 percent protein ration which approximates Carbon: Nitrogen Ratios A comprehensive economic study based upon data gathered of 15.5:1 required to ensure a largely heterotrophic community from Chambo Fisheries shows BFT farms at a scale of 800 dominance of the ammonia immobilisation pathway in BFT tonnes per annum to potentially deliver significant production systems. cost advantages. The farm gate production cost advantage of a Table 1 illustrates the advantage of biofloc raised tilapia at BFT Shiranus tilapia farm over the large-scale lake cage culture Chambo Fisheries achieving impressive performance metrics operation, greenwater pond farm and RAS farm was 61.2 percent, notably 36.6 percent Net Protein Retention (NPR) and 20.9 11.3 percent and 35.4 percent respectively. percent Net Energy Retention (NER) on an edible meat yield Marine BFT raising Mozambique tilapia is seen as a strategic basis. Biofloc tilapia production is then over 100 percent more move to secure additional whitefish for the South African market efficient when gauged against Net Protein Retention (NPR) to replace national supply shortfalls of Cape hake comprising values of tilapia raised in a RAS system and 162 percent more two species, Merluccius capenis and Merluccius paradoxus. The efficient than lake cage culture as reported in Table 1.

Cape Hake fishery has been capped by quotas of around 150,000 These results would suggest that properly managed biofloc tank tonnes in recent years, leading to national supply shortfalls culture of tilapias is potentially the most efficient form of feedlot requiring increasing deficits to originate from the adjacent livestock production. It outperforms lamb, broiler chickens, pigs Namibian Cape hake fishery. South African consumers have a and beef steers as well as feedlot aquaculture systems raising bias toward marine fish where it is anticipated that the improved Atlantic salmon in net-pens, and tilapia under typical lake cage culture, greenwater pond farming and RAS conditions in terms of quality and image of more affordable marine cultivated tilapia will meet required flavour (free of flavour taints) expectations in protein recovery on an edible yield basis.

42 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY the South African market place.

Marine BFT promises to revolutionise tilapia aquaculture industries globally. In fact, leading scientists believe that harnessing the flow of microbes to fish represents the next revolution in food production. Resource use efficient BFT represents a game changing technology which greatly shifts economic factors in the favour of producers, enabling reasonable profit margins in tilapia aquaculture, given typically less than desirable fish selling prices in more mature markets.

The combined productivity, economic and sustainability benefits of marine BFT, using a land-based IMTA approach coupled with improved flavour quality and marketability, offer intrepid and pioneering marine tilapia farmers in South Africa and elsewhere a pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.

CROSS-CONTAMINATION SALMONELLA

INCONSISTENCY REGULATIONS

PATHOGENS

DOWNTIME

Perspectives

Shifting market perceptions favouring sustainably and responsibly farmed seafood, not only in the North American and EU market, but also across the world due to globalisation of the sustainable seafood movement offers green growth opportunities for the tilapia sector.

Viewed either as a liability or opportunity, tilapia producers the world over require to adapt to capture consumer trust and market share to access more rewarding local and international markets for certified produce, or alternatively, suffer relegation to less rewarding local informal markets in the developing world.

Leading seafood rating NGOs the “Good Fish Guide and Seafood Watch” have rewarded more sustainable RAS tilapia farming operations with a “Best Choice” rating paving the way for premiums for greener tilapia derived from more sustainable farming systems. This was the needed ticket for green growth technologies such as RAS, BFT, IMTA, integrated tilapia farming and aquaponics operations to capture market share by distinguishing their superior quality produce and standards of higher food safety through branding and certifications in both more discerning local and international markets.

The author of this submission predicts that a second tilapia farming revolution will follow the development of tilapia breeds which perform well in seawater due to improved flavour properties and, therefore, market appeal of marine cultivated tilapia. Work has begun in South Africa to develop O. mossambicus for marine cultivation using BFT within an IMTA system to achieve zero-effluent discharge and, therefore, aims to set the bar for other aquaculture projects to aspire towards lending more credibility to sustainably and responsibly farmed certifications.

Green growth opportunities to capture consumer trust and market share to access more rewarding local and international markets exist in every country where tilapia farming is developing. Producers who go the extra mile, it seems, will not only be rewarded with premiums for their higher quality and safer produce, but will also demonstrate the pathway to a sustainable food future for humanity. ramonkourie@sustaquafishfarms.co.za

PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE ELEMENTS PRODUCT CONSISTENCY PROCESS FLEXIBILTY VALIDATED KILL-STEP FOOD SAFETY VERIFIED EXTRUSION CERTIFICATION SANITATION CONTROL PLANT CERTIFICATION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

P.O. Box 8 100 Airport Road Sabetha, KS 66534, USA Phone: 785-284-2153 Fax: 785-284-3143 extru-techinc@extru-techinc.com www.extru-techinc.com

International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 43 ET-275C.indd 1

12/22/15 3:33 PM

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

#2 Robotic inspection technologies

Using robotic inspection technologies to minimise environmental impacts in open-water caged aquaculture

by H. Franklin, S.Macdonald, Deep Trekker Inc

On August 22, 2017, an estimated 305,000 Atlantic salmon were accidently released into the Pacific Ocean off the coast of Washington State. The collapse of two large salmon pens at Cooke Aquaculture on Cyprus Island marked a catastrophic blow to offshore aquaculture, both in the United States and in Canada.

The event raised familiar red flags around the long and short-term effects of offshore aquaculture on local environments. As the waters settled and the continued legal battle ramped up, Deep Trekker Inc., looked at Cooke Aquaculture as a case study; Investigating whether the scheduled use of remotely operated vehicles (ROV) for preventative and exploratory maintenance could help to avert such catastrophes and help synergise the environmental considerations and those working to make aquaculture a viable source of global protein.

Setting an industry standard

Production and compliance are both key elements of alleviating the controversy that surrounds aquaculture as a viable and sustainable protein for the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s growing food epidemic.

With underwater inspections systems, including ROVâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s and pod cameras, which allow for a consistent 360 degree view of pens and underwater infrastructure, aquaculture

44 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY farms are able to produce healthy harvests while managing strict federal regulations surrounding environmental impact.

Aquaculture remotely operated vehicle

Deep Trekker ROVs have been working in aquaculture since the inception of the company, which has resulted in all of their products being built with the industry in mind. Every new tool added to the system undergoes rigorous testing at aquaculture sites before their launch. Equipped with a 330-degree rotating HD camera and a patented pitching system, these underwater systems have proven to aid in monitoring and maintaining aquaculture sites.

Examining and citing specific case studies and real life applications, we will demonstrate employment of a portable inspection system is the way forward for the prevention of infrastructure failure as seen by Cooke Aquaculture, planning for updates and maintenance, and preparedness for unforeseen natural disasters.

Marine Harvest - British Columbia

Marine Harvest is one of the most prominent aquaculture fisheries in Canada. With 30-35 farms operating in British Columbia alone, in total they produce approximately one-fifth of the world’s salmon and trout.

As Marine Harvest operations continue to expand, it is imperative that regular inspections take place on the farms, ensuring the health of the fish and the surrounding ecosystems.

Since 2015, Marine Harvest has been utilising remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) to monitor subsurface activity and assets.

As Gerry Burry, Site Manager at Marine Harvest’s Quatsino operation explains operating area explains, “Farms are like an iceberg. A person can only see about ten percent of the farm that is floating on the surface, leaving the rest of the infrastructure underwater and out of sight”.

45 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Considering that only 10 percent of fish farm activity takes place above the surface of the water, this knowledge gap can have significant effects on the operation of the farm. Marine Harvest currently utilises a fleet of Deep Trekker ROVs, for all aspects of monitoring and observation to ensure they remain compliant in all aspects of subsurface work. Daily uses of ROVs include the installation of cages, monitoring of netting infrastructure, fish activity, and identifying potential escape routes or predator penetration on the farms.

Aqua-Cage - Parry Sound, Ontario

Aqua-Cage Fisheries is a Northern Ontario aquaculture enterprise that harvests rainbow trout for the consumer market. Aqua-Cage receives fingerlings from hatcheries in Southern Ontario, on arrival to the farm, they are placed in “pens” in the open waters of Georgian Bay, where they are monitored and observed, until ready for harvest.

The company’s mantra is “to provide a sustainable protein” that is both healthy for consumers but also has minimal environmental impact” (Kana Upton).

Acquired to assist in subsurface tasks, the biologists at AquaCage have consistently utilised an ROV for three years, to routinely check netting for holes, monitor fish behaviour, feeding and health, for visual inspections of mooring lines, anchors and

for checking cage depths – ensuring the nets never touch bottom.

These inspections have assisted in early detection of corrosion, in dropped nets and in the collection of sediment samples, imperative to keep regulated and efficient farm operation.

Conclusion

Corrosion on aged mooring lines resulted in millions of dollars in lost income, legal fees and insurance claims against Cooke Aquaculture.

Aquaculture sites over the world are currently utilising ROV inspection systems, like the ones created by Deep Trekker, in order to service regular inspections of subsurface infrastructures.

Utilising monitoring system, such as the DTG2 and the DTPod, is critical to the integrity of open-cage aquaculture, as they were developed with the compliance and production needs of farms in mind. In the case of Cooke Aquaculture, implementing this cost effective and easy to use system, could have meant detection long before the environmental catastrophe ensued.

With the world food shortage hitting an epidemic level, it is imperative that aquaculture farms maintain secure, eco friendly facilities in order to continue to produce a viable protein that is recognised for its value - and not something feared to be a detriment to the environment.

46 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Asia’s largest aquafeed technology and aquafeed ingredients event Visit VICTAM Asia 2018 to learn the latest on aquafeed technology and ingredients and additives.

Meet over 200 exhibitors and make the most of your time by using our business match-making program.

What’s on show at VICTAM Asia 2018?

• Feed production technology • Packaging • Energy efficiency • Auxiliary equipment • Ingredients • Additives • Formulation • Laboratory equipment • Quality control Visitor profiles • CEO’s • Nutritionists • Feed formulators • Buyers • Mill managers • Directors From which companies?

• Aquafeed producers • Animal feed compounders • Integrators • Co-operatives • Hatcheries • Fish farms, etc.

Industry related conferences • Aquafeed Horizons Asia 2018 Conference • GMP+ Feed Safety Seminar

Supported by • The Feedstuff Users Promotion Association • Thai Feed Mill Association • The Animal Husbandry Association of Thailand • Animal Health Products Association • Department of Fisheries • Ministry of Industry • The Thai Chamber of Commerce • Thailand Convention and Exhibition Bureau Organized by Victam International BV, PO Box 197, 3860 AD Nijkerk, The Netherlands T: +31 (0)33 246 4404 F: +31 (0)33 246 4706 E: expo@victam.com Visit our website: www.victam-asia.com See Twitter, Facebook, LinkedIn, Google+ or scan QR code

Industry Events Events listing MARCH

06 – 08/03/18 - AgraME 2018 UAE WEB: www.agramiddleeast.com 06 - 07/03/18 - Feed Protein Vision 2018 The Netherlands WEB: www.feedproteinvision.com 11 – 13/03/18 - Seafood Expo North America 2018 USA WEB: www.seafoodexpo.com 13-15/03/18 - Oceanology International 2018 UK WEB: www.oceanologyinternational. com 14 – 16/03/18 - ICOMSA 2018 Malaysia WEB: http://www.ums.edu.my 14 – 16/03/18 - ILDEX Vietnam Vietnam WEB: www.ildex.com.vn 24 – 25/05/18 - 11th Global Summit on Aquaculture & Fisheries Japan WEB: www.aquaculture .global-summit.com 24 – 27/03/18 - NAMA Spring Conference USA WEB: www.namamillers.org 27 – 29/03/18 - VICTAM Asia 2018 Thailand WEB: www.victam.com 29 – 30/03/18 - 2nd Sustainable Oils & Fats International Congress France WEB: www.fat-associes.com 29/03/18 – 01/04/18 - World Mill Tech 2018 Turkey WEB: http://worldmilltech.net/en

APRIL

09 – 13/04/18 - 122nd IAOM Annual Conference& Expo USA WEB: www.iaom.info

Aquaculture UK 2018 There are less than 100 days until Aquaculture UK, Aviemore, Scotland.

Visitor registrations for the show are growing daily and interest is being seen from across the industry and from all corners of the world! This year there will be an expanded floor plan opening up more opportunities for visitors.

Visitor Registration is now open - Registration and entry to the show is free and you can register here - https://aquacultureuk.com/visitors/registration/.

Shuttle Bus service – there will be a complimentary shuttle bus service between the Aviemore resort and Inverness airport. You can view the timetable here - https://aquacultureuk.com/ visitors/shuttle-bus-timetable/.

New for 2018 is the Aquaculture UK App, available from the App Store and Google Play. The app is now live and contains information about the event, exhibitors, conference timings, floor plans, bus timetables and our sponsors.

Scottish Marine Aquaculture Awards – In another change to previous events Aquaculture UK are proud to include the Scottish Marine Aquaculture Awards as part of the event. A showcase of all the finalists will take place on Tuesday May 22, from 1200 – 2000 in the Peregrine Suite at the Macdonald Resort. If you are on site why not pop along and see what the best of the best have been up to. The awards presentation and dinner will take place on Wednesday, May 23, 2018. To enter the awards, find out more or book tickets for the dinner visit, www.aquacultureawards.com.

For more industry event information - visit our events register www.aquafeed.co.uk

Targeting the Indian aquaculture market Nutriad were present with a delegation at Aqua India 2018, a bi-annual event organised by the Indian society of aquaculture professionals (sap).

This year’s event was held in chennai and attracted industry professionals from all over India, following a strong growth year where the country closed in on the global leadership position in shrimp production.

Aqua India started with a full day session on key topics in aquaculture nutrition. This nutrition session was attended by aquaculture nutritionists, feed formulators and technical service providers working in feed companies together with researchers and academia in aquaculture nutrition and feed technology.

Topics presented included progress in aquaculture nutrition research and practice, ingredient knowledge and feed formulation, the use of feed additives including organic selenium, enzymes and amino acids, and the need for education in aquaculture nutrition.

Nutriad sponsored the event and was represented with Mr Allen Wu, Regional Manager – aquaculture, Asia pacific, business unit director aquaculture Dr Peter Coutteau and Country Manager Gnanamani Thangairulappan.

Alexander Van Halteren, Business Development Manager aquaculture nutrition, presented “Balancing nutrient levels in commercial shrimp feeds” in which he commented on a 2016 feed survey organised. The survey investigated the different nutritional strategies in commercial shrimp feeds during 2016, when the number of shrimp feed suppliers increased sharply. The study analysed representative feed samples of eight major brands that were collected in the market. Analysis included proximate composition as well as a number of essential nutrients (amino acids, phospholipids, cholesterol, n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids). Some of the nutrient levels detected during the survey, revealed the potential for functional feed additives to optimise nutrient utilisation in shrimp feeds in India.

48 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

23 & 24 May 2018 Aviemore, Scotland No other UK event provides aquaculture professionals with direct access to suppliers from all over the globe representing all aspects of the aquaculture industry.

Over two days Aquaculture UK offers a valuable opportunity to network, discover new products and meet decision makers. The atmosphere is dynamic and exciting with open and friendly interaction between exhibitors and visitors.

DONâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;T MISS THE UKâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S LARGEST AQUACULTURE EXHIBITION AND CONFERENCE Aquaculture UK 2018 supported by

Visit www.aquacultureuk.com to register as a visitor or contact info@aquacultureuk.com to find out more about exhibiting.

Industry Events

The Alltech Ideas Conference Topics include: A trip up the Amazon and equatorial aquaculture ONE: The Alltech Ideas Conference will explore the transformative power of ideas that can change aquaculture ONE: The Alltech Ideas Conference (ONE18), held May 20–22, 2018, in Lexington, Kentucky, will provide aqua producers with a unique opportunity to participate in a global conversation about the innovations, challenges and solutions facing their industry. Focus sessions designed to educate and inspire will allow producers to gather insights from leading aqua experts and exchange ideas with peers from around the globe.

Out of the 30,000 fish species in existence, selecting those suitable for aquaculture is challenging, as is the development of feed that meets their specific nutritional demands. Which fish species are being evaluated, and what is their potential? How do arapaima, cobia, yellowtail kingfish and pacu measure up?

First-rate fillets: consistent quality for premium products

When it comes to fillet quality, consumers want to ensure they’re spending their money on a premium product. Getting it right every time, and doing so sustainably, requires expertise and innovation. How can you use nutritional solutions to protect fish fillets for a consistently premium product?

Fish and chips: feeding genetic potential

Do you know what the gene chip means for your fish? It could unlock their genetic potential for maximum performance and productivity. How? Join us as we explore nutrigenomics.

No Fish Makes Great Fish As the aquaculture industry strives to manage finite fish meal supplies and fish oil resources,

can we still produce a high-quality product? The solutions are out there. Learn how innovative ideas in feed development are helping aqua farmers convert to a zero fish in: fish out ratio.

Come hear about Neo Green, a revolutionary trout diet from Coppens International.

Pooling resources for a perfect fish environment

Intensive recirculation systems provide opportunities for growth in the aquaculture industry, where feeding the fish is not the only challenge. We must also maintain a complete and healthy ecosystem. From sturgeon to salmon and catfish to eels, the growth potential of this sector is enormous. Is this the future of aquaculture? Can we feed the world and maintain profitability?

Offshore and onshore: wading into the future of the salmon industry

Can we provide the engineering solutions necessary for the harsh environment of the open ocean? Can we realistically produce five kilograms of salmon onshore in closed systems?

Join Leif Rune Pederson of Norway’s Erko Seafood as he dives into industry challenges and solutions. *Topics subject to change as the schedule evolves.

Now in its 34th year, Alltech’s conference is attended annually by nearly 4,000 people from over 70 countries.

Whether producers are navigating a fundamental change within the aqua industry or just need a little inspiration, they’ll learn about real-world opportunities and solutions at ONE18.

Learn more and register at one.alltech.com for a savings of US$400 before March 31, 2018, Join the conversation with #ONE18 on Twitter, and follow the ONE18 Facebook event page for updates.

50 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

Maximize capacity, conditioning, and control.

WENGERâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;S AQUAFLEX XT HIGH CAPACITY EXTRUDER When maximum volume matters, the Wenger AQUAFLEX XT High Capacity Aquafeed Extruder is the choice, processing up to 12,000 kg/hour. Equipped with either our High Shear Conditioner (HSC) or High Intensity Preconditioner (HIP), the AQUAFLEX XT is ideal for aquatic feeds as small as 0.5 mm. Precise control of finished product density delivers either high capacity floating or sinking feeds.

Know more about the industry-changing designs and customized options of AQUAFLEX. Email us at info@wenger.com today.

PHONE: 785.284.2133 | EMAIL: INFO@WENGER.COM | WENGER.COM USA

|

BELGIUM

|

TAIWAN

|

BRASIL

|

CHINA

A warm welcome to

Aquaculture America 2018 Las Vegas - Nevada, US February 19 - 22 Bringing all Players to the Table

S P E C I A L I S T I N S Q U A R E S I L O S All info: www.was.org For tradeshow and sponsorship: mario@marevent.com International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 51

www.ts c -s i l os .c om

Industry Events

VIV MEA 2018 Full of value for regional animal protein providers February 5-7, 2018, VIV MEA 2018 took place. The regional animal proteins business event occurred in Abu Dhabi.

"Abu Dhabi and the Middle East will become the centre for VIV" - says Ton Otten, Managing Director, VNU Exhibitions, from The Netherlands which operates VIV exhibitions worldwide following its successful hosting of the second VIV Middle East and Africa 2018 show earlier this month.

Feed equipment, feed ingredients and additives and feed-related products, where clearly evident in this year’s exhibitor line-up of international and regional suppliers serving the animal protein businesses throughout an area extending from the Middle East and Africa to Iran and countries around the Indian sub-continent.

Added value for visitors came in the form of a series of regionally focused conferences and seminars, including a shortcourse on aquafeed extrustion.

The comprehensive programme that focused on poultry, had been assembled by exhibition organiser VNU working closely with their partners in the industry and were devised to relate specifically to the region’s forward-thinking operators in poultry, dairy and aquaculture sectors.

The conference programme (www.vivmea.nl) lists over 40 separate presentations in daily agenda from Monday February 5, through to Wednesday February 7, 2018. To give just two or three examples, the choice of topics included poultry disease issues in the Middle East, nutritional challenges in hot climates and the emergence of India’s animal health industry.

All conferences were located in the same venue as the trade fair, within the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre (ADNEC).

Among associated special seminars was a full day, organised

by Global Dairy Farmers and the Wisconsin Department of Agriculture under the title of ‘DairyTech Middle East & Africa’.

Aquafeed Extrusion was a one-day short course on the first day sponsored by International Aquafeed magazine and chaired by Dr Mian Riaz from Texas A&M University, USA.

Nizar Mahmoud of ORFFA

Kur

Elena Geremia of VIV Worldwide

52 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Industry Events

Some 45 participants heard about the current status of aquafeeds globally as well as the principles and practices of extrusion technology for this fast-growing sector.

A further choice available to visitors was to take part in Dutch Poultry Centre seminars that focussed on innovations developed in The Netherlands for advancing production techniques in the poultry business internationally.

Exhibits from all sectors

Expanding into an extra hall at ADNEC, VIV MEA 2018 added approximately 25 percent to its exhibition area, compared with the inaugural edition in 2016. On the latest figures there were 360 exhibitors and they originated from over 40 countries.

An approximate breakdown of exhibit types by sector reveals almost 300 related to poultry, about 210 referred to dairy in particular or cattle in general, with around 70 stand-holders offering products or services for aquaculture operations.

Most represented among the product types was feed ingredients and additives, on nearly 80 stands. Animal health items were presented by 40 exhibitors, closely matched by the numbers offering products and services either for farm production or for processing and handling. Other areas receiving considerable coverage were breeding/hatching and the manufacture of mixed feeds.

Quite apart from the business value of VIV MEA 2018, visitors had the opportunity to look round the GFIA show that was co-located in neighbouring halls at the ADNEC site.

GFIA, signifies the Global Forum for Innovations in Agriculture, innovative and sustainable technologies relating to food production.

VIV MEA registered visitors could use their badge to enter the GFIA show free of charge.

rt Van de Mierop of Nutrex

Dieter Rohlf of Andritz

International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 53

Industry Events

Making visiting easier

Everyone visiting VIV MEA 2018 enjoyed the ‘Abu Dhabi experience’.

This capital of the United Arab Emirates and regional centre an be reached easily by air both locally and internationally through an airport that is only 20 minutes by road from the ADNEC exhibitions complex.

Points of interest in the visually stunning modern city which includes the newly opened Louvre Abu Dhabi and its array of art treasures within architecture combining French design with Arabic heritage and the oasis of Al Ain, opened to the public in 2016 as the first World Heritage Site in the Emirates.

For the first time VIV offered a ‘tandem badge’ solution to visitors. To facilitate Middle Eastern and African professionals’ registrations to VIV Europe (the World Expo from Feed to Food which takes place in The Netherlands from June 20-22, 2018), all VIV MEA visitor badges functioned as a ‘tandem badge’ to register for VIV Europe from the venue in Abu Dhabi!

The VIV MEA Tandem badge doubles the business opportunities for MENA professionals of the feed to food supply chain to grow their business not only in the MENA region at VIV MEA, but also in the world at VIV Europe.

In total, VIV MEA 2018 covered more than 7500 square metres in Halls 5, 6, 7 and 8 at ADNEC. The show layout was by sectors with Hall 7, the largest individual hall, for usage houses exhibits on feed manufacturing and ingredients.

Worldwide network

VIV worldwide is the business network linking professionals from feed to food. The combination of VIV trade shows, VIV online 24/7 and VIV trade summits shapes a unique platform that offers opportunities to animal protein supply chain players.

Started in The Netherlands, VIV developed a worldwide network through 40 years of experience and interactions with the industry, becoming today a leading platform in some of the most promising markets of the world.

VIV announced in Abu Dhabi that it will host the 6th Global Feed & Food Congress (GFFC) at VIV Asia from March 11-13, 2019 in Bangkok Thailand. The GFFC will be held for the first time ever in the ASEAN region, and will bring together leaders from the global feed and food.

Organised by the International Feed Industry Federation, with technical support provided by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and in collaboration with VIV Worldwide, the GFFC has established itself as the leading global event of its kind.

VIV worldwide Calendar:

• VIV MEA 2018, Abu Dhabi, February 5-7 • VIV Europe 2018, Jaarbeurs-Utrecht (30 minutes from Amsterdam), June 20-22 • VIV China 2018, Nanjing, September 17-19 • VIV Asia 2019, Bangkok, March 13-15 INCLUDING THE GRAPAS INNOVATION AWARD

A one day short course for aquafeed processing professionals

After the phenomenal success of the Aquafeed Extrusion short course 2018, organised by Dr Mian Riaz and International Aquafeed, an indepth discussion and follow up will be done on the course in next months translated edition of International Aquafeed with photos, comments from organisers and attendees and a sneak preview into what the success of this course will mean for following training possibilities throughout the year.

On an extrusion based lead from this, make sure to check out Joe Kearns, our latest columnist for International Aquafeed giving his thoughts from Aquaculture America and what you can expect to see from his decades of extrusion expertise.

Sponsored by

In association with:

Aquafeed Extrustion short course

54 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

You invest, they digest.

FORMULATE MORE WITH LESS

A AQ006-01

Nutriad’s aqua team designed a unique range of functional feed additives to enhance digestive and metabolic processes. Species-specific solutions such as AQUAGEST® as well as a complete range of natural emulsifiers like LIPOGEST and AQUALYSO. They offer more options on ingredient choice, improving protein efficiency and creating a more sustainable aquafeed with less environmental impact. We would like to share our in-depth knowledge and hands-on experience with you. It’s good for you, and great for your fish and shrimp.

Interested? Find your local contact at nutriad.com

VAV +31 71 4023701 www.vav.nl

Elevator & conveyor components Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group) Additives

4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com

Enzymes

Certification Chemoforma +41 61 8113355 www.chemoforma.com Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com Liptosa +34 902 157711 www.liptosa.com Nutriad +32 52 409596 www.nutriad.com Sonac +31 499 364800 www.sonac.biz

Analysis Laboratorio Avi-Mex S.A. de C.V +55 54450460 Ext. 1105 www.avimex.com.mx R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com

Amino acids Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

Bags Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com

Bag closing Cetec Industrie +33 5 53 02 85 00 www.cetec.net

Bulk storage Bentall Rowlands +44 1724 282828 www.bentallrowlands.com Chief Industries UK Ltd +44 1621 868944 www.chief.co.uk Croston Engineering +44 1829 741119 www.croston-engineering.co.uk Silo Construction Engineers +32 51723128 www.sce.be Silos Cordoba +34 957 325 165 www.siloscordoba.com

Ab Vista +44 1672 517 650 www.abvista.com

GMP+ International +31703074120 www.gmpplus.org

JEFO +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com

Conveyors Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com

Equipment for sale ExtruTech Inc +1 785 284 2153 www.extru-techinc.com

Colour sorters Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Satake +81 82 420 8560 www.satake-group.com

Computer software Adifo NV +32 50 303 211 www.adifo.com Format International Ltd +44 1483 726081 www.formatinternational.com Inteqnion +31 543 49 44 66 www.inteqnion.com

Coolers & driers Amandus Kahl +49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de

Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl Amandus Kahl +49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com Brabender +49 203 7788 0 www.brabender.com Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia +55 16 3615 0055 www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br

Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com

FrigorTec GmbH +49 7520 91482-0 www.frigortec.com

Insta-Pro International +1 515 254 1260 www.insta-pro.com

Geelen Counterflow +31 475 592315 www.geelencounterflow.com

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com

Muyang Group +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com/eng

Elevator buckets

Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com

Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com

Westeel +1 204 233 7133 www.westeel.com

STIF +33 2 41 72 16 80 www.stifnet.com

56 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Feed and ingredients Aliphos +32 478 210008 www.aliphos.com Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com APC +34 938 615 060 www.functionalproteins.com

Jefo +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com SPAROS Tel.: +351 249 435 145 Website: www.sparos.pt

Pipe systems Jacob Sohne +49 571 9580 www.jacob-pipesystems.eu

Amandus Kahl 40 727 710 www.akahl.de

Visit us! www.pipe-systems.eu+49

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

BinMaster Level Controls +1 402 434 9102 www.binmaster.com

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com

FineTek Co., Ltd +886 2226 96789 www.fine-tek.com

Wynveen +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Moisture analysers

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com/eng

CB Packaging +44 7805 092067 www.cbpackaging.com Cetec Industrie +33 5 53 02 85 00 www.cetec.net Mondi Group +43 1 79013 4917 www.mondigroup.com

Palletisers Cetec Industrie +33 5 53 02 85 00 www.cetec.net Ehcolo A/S +45 75 398411 www.ehcolo.com PAYPER, S.A. +34 973 21 60 40 www.payper.com

Pellet binders Akzo Nobel +46 303 850 00 www.bredol.com

Shrimp feed additives Dishman +31 318 545 754 www.dishman-netherlands.com

Training Aqua TT +353 1 644 9008 www.aquatt.ie/aquatt-services

Vaccines Ridgeway Biologicals +44 1635 579516 www.ridgewaybiologicals.co.uk

Probiotics

Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com

Packaging

Dol Sensors +45 721 755 55 www.dol-sensors.com

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

CHOPIN Technologies +33 14 1475045 www.chopin.fr

NIR-Online +49 6227 732668 www.nir-online.de

Agromatic +41 55 2562100 www.agromatic.com

FAMSUN +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Level measurement

NIR systems

Aqualabo +33 2 97 89 25 30 www.aqualabo.fr

Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Reed Mariculture +1 877 732 3276 www.reed-mariculture.com

Seedburo +1 312 738 3700 www.seedburo.com

Sensors

Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com

Hatchery products

Doescher & Doescher GmbH +49 4087976770 www.doescher.com

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com

Used around all industrial Plants sectors.

Fr. Jacob Sรถhne GmbH & Co. KG, Germany Tel. + 49 (0) 571 95580 | www. jacob-pipesystems.eu

Hammermills

Tornum AB +46 512 29100 www.tornum.com

Biomin +43 2782 803 0 www.biomin.net Lallemand + 33 562 745 555 www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com

Research Imaqua +32 92 64 73 38 www.imaqua.eu

Safety equipment Rembe +49 2961 740 50 www.rembe.com

Second hand equipment Sanderson Weatherall +44 161 259 7054 www.sw.co.uk

Silos Denis +33 2 37 97 66 11 www.denis.fr Kepler Weber Group +55 11 4873-0300 www.kepler.com.br Obial +90 382 2662120 www.obial.com.tr

Vacuum Wynveen International B.V. +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

Weighing equipment Parkerfarm Weighing Systems +44 1246 456729 www.parkerfarm.com Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com Wynveen +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

Yeast products ICC, Adding Value to Nutrition +55 11 3093 0753 www.iccbrazil.com Lallemand + 33 562 745 555 www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com

MYSILO +90 382 266 2245 www.mysilo.com

Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de

Muyang +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr

International Aquafeed - February 2018 | 57

the interview Dr Neil Auchterlonie, Technical Director, IFFO Dr Neil Auchterlonie joined IFFO in 2015, having worked previously in technical and production positions in aquaculture companies, consultancies, and government department and research agencies in the UK. He has managed aquaculture and fisheries science programmes in both public and private sectors. He has also held positions on a number of scientific and technical committees.

Academically he holds a BSc in Marine and Freshwater Biology from Stirling University, a MSc in Applied Fish Biology from the University of Plymouth, and a PhD in Aquaculture (halibut physiology) from Stirling University.

Starting February 2018, Dr Aucherlonie will be representing IFFO in a monthly column in International Aquafeed.

He commented on the new endeavour, “IFFO is very grateful for the platform to provide a regular contribution on fishmeal and fish oil in International Aquafeed. It is an opportunity to provide insights from the fishmeal and fish oil industry and join discussions on aquafeed ingredients.”

Can you tell us about your history in Aquaculture and your desire to specialise in it?

For someone with an interest in aquatic biology, as well as a love of the outdoors, aquaculture is an ideal career. It is also an opportunity to be involved with the production of high value, high quality, farmed seafood, and it is intellectually stimulating to be involved with a young innovative food sector.

The fact that aquaculture continues to grow in importance for global food security, and that fed aquaculture species are an efficient way of producing protein, makes it straightforward to understand the importance of everyone’s role in this great industry.

Would you recommend technical expertise or sustained academia for young professionals interested in the industry?

Aquaculture is certainly a very technical industry, and a detailed understanding of the biology of the farmed species as well as the aquatic environment are at least a foundation for a career in the sector.

vehicle for this work, which is why it is written into our vision statement.

The industry has made much progress over time, and nowhere is that more apparent than the development, implementation and success of the IFFO Responsible Supply scheme. IFFO RS-certified product accounted for an estimated 49 percent of global fishmeal supply in 2017, a proportional industry figure well in excess of other aquafeed ingredients.

How have you seen IFFO grow and change in its practices since you started your role?

As an organisation, IFFO has always invested in scientific and technical projects, and data and information are critical to developing successful strategies for the industry. The subject matter is very wide-ranging, covering fisheries management, marine environmental science, climate change, fish and animal nutrition, and even human health (when looking at the benefits of long chain omega-3 fatty acids).

In many ways I am just the caretaker of the work previously undertaken by my predecessors in the role such as Dr Andy Jackson, and Dr Ian Pike, so what you see is a continuation of the evidence-based approach that IFFO has always adopted.

That is not to say that an academic background is essential, as for many jobs the practical experience of working on fish and shellfish farms is equally important. For anyone interested in coming into the industry my suggestion would be to gain practical work experience in the first instance, not least to experience working outdoors in an aquatic environment throughout all four seasons and understand the demands on the body and mind that come with that. Many people like the challenge, but it isn’t for everyone.

IFFO has always been proactive in joining conversations on key issues, and with Andrew Mallison (IFFO Director General) and the IFFO board we have identified areas where there may be knowledge gaps that require addressing. That process will help inform strategy for the next few years.

Why do you believe it’s important to challenge the opinion that ‘insect meal’ or ‘plant-based’ diets are the way forward in comparison to traditional fishmeal?

The IFFO RS Standard is a leading standard in the certification of marine ingredients – do you think it’s important that all companies strive to achieve this?

Firstly, it is important to get the message across that fishmeal and fish oil are highly nutritious, sustainable, essential ingredients for aquafeeds.

IFFO RS continues to grow over time and has been very successful for the fishmeal industry.

There are developments in the novel ingredients sector, and even in the established alternatives (e.g. soya certification). IFFO recognises the need for an increasing volume of ingredients for aquafeed to satisfy the demand of a growing aquaculture sector.

The recent development of v2.0 is evidence for continual improvement, and the standard brings into the supply chain some confidence for a responsibly produced product in a B2B scheme.

On occasion, some of the messaging around the alternatives has been a little misleading, for example sometimes including reference to the sustainability of fishmeal and the environmental impact of the reduction fisheries, and IFFO will challenge these statements, as they are not based on fact.

The environmental impact of the terrestrial ingredients is often assumed to be less than fishmeal, but that is not always the case when a range of parameters is analysed. Similarly, the nutritional profiles of these ingredients vary, and it is important to recognise that there is no straightforward substitute for fishmeal because of the profile it carries. Many of the micronutrients provided by fishmeal require supplementation where fishmeal inclusion rates have declined, and that may be costly and also carry different environmental impacts. It really is a very complex story, which is being oversimplified in the media.

One of the IFFO mission statements states “Protects and improves the image of the industry; promoting high standards of ethics, governance and respect for the environment.” – How can the industry work together to achieve this?

IFFO as the fishmeal and fish oil industry trade body is really the

IFFO RS also manages a Chain of Custody standard, which helps to extend that confidence through the supply chain. With an increasing adoption of independently certified schemes in the seafood sector, and the importance of that approach widely recognised, IFFO RS covers a key point at an early stage in the supply chain for aquaculture.

What makes IFFO stand out as a governing body in aquaculture?

IFFO represents a sector that is the foundation for modern fed aquaculture. Without the fishmeal and fish oil that constituted the majority of the early aquafeeds, the technological development in other areas such as engineering and health would have been restricted. Providing ingredients for diets that met nutritional needs of farmed species but without the scientific body of knowledge at that time, facilitated industry development.

Now that fishmeal and fish oil are more strategic ingredients rather than commodities, they have an even more important role to play in meeting nutritional needs at key production stages in juvenile feeds, broodstock diets, etc.

In the role of representing that perspective, IFFO’s position in global aquaculture industry influence is secure.

58 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

THE INDUSTRY FACES SAIC Chairperson appointed

T

he Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) announces that David Gregory, a highly experienced food industry director will be the new Scottish Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC) Chairperson, taking up the role on March 1, 2018.

Mr Gregory is a Chartered Scientist, a member of the industrial advisory board of the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh and a visiting professor at the University of Reading Centre for Chemistry, Food and Pharmacy.

David Gregory

He commented, “I am delighted to have the opportunity to work with such an outstanding and high-quality industry and to supporting the excellent work being done

by SAIC. The aquaculture industry is hugely important to the rural economy in Scotland and I look forward to playing a part in delivering the 2030 plan for Scottish aquaculture.

New General Manager at Diana Aqua

J

érôme Le Friec has been appointed at the head of Diana Aqua, a global strategic segment for DIANA and the Symrise Group.

He has 24 years of international experience in the animal nutrition and feed additives.

His mission will be to define and implement the Aqua business strategy by developing, coordinating and managing the Aqua activity in accordance with Diana’s objectives.

David Gregory

He will lead the growth and profitability increase of the company, coordinating the different departments involved in the activity, through the development of functional solutions dedicated to the aquaculture market. He will explore and develop external strategic partnerships.

New CEO in Steinsvik Group

M

artha Kold Bakkevig replaces Bjørn M. Apeland as CEO of Steinsvik Group with accession January 1, 2018. She has 20 years of experience within management and business development.

Martha Kold Bakkevig

She commented, “I’m excited to take on the task of building on the work that has been laid down in the company. Steinsvik is workiing in an industry in continuous growth and is one important foundation for Kverva’s technology initiative, and we will work targeted with cutting-edge technology to make the industry even more sustainable.”

Features Editor of International Aquafeed magazine

V

aughn Entwistle has joined the team at Perendale Publishers as the new Features Editor.

Vaughn Entwistle

Vaughn has a Master’s Degree in English and has lived and worked in both the U.K. and the US. He has enjoyed a varied career as a writer/editor in technology and manufacturing industries including automotive engineering, materials handling systems, medical instruments, and wireless communications.

He has had articles published in newspapers, magazines and on Internet blogs. He has also worked as an editor on major newsstand Hobby and Photographic magazines.

Throughout his career he has gravitated toward industries that make a positive impact on the planet and on the way people live their lives, which is why he is now excited to be working in an industry devoted to feeding the world’s rapidly expanding population.

60 | February 2018 - International Aquafeed

Mycofix

X

T

M YC OF I

EN

M

AN

X I N RI S K

MYCO

TO

M AG E

®

Absolute Protection Mycotoxins decrease performance and interfere with the health status of your animals.

Mycofix is the solution for mycotoxin risk management. ®

mycofix.biomin.net

Naturally ahead