AUG 2021 | International Aquafeed magazine

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

MEET AQS TOR AT AQUA NOR From shipwreck to christening - The Monaco Blue Initiative - Shrimp focus:

International Aquafeed - Volume 24 - Issue 08 - August 2021

- Shrimp probiotic feed Improving pathogen inhibition - Phytogenic solution for L. vannamei performance - Meeting the ingredient gap for shrimp with next generation fermented corn protein

- Novel feeds for rainbow trout See our archive and language editions on your mobile!

- Humane fish farm predator deterrents

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August 2021

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WELCOME August has come about very quickly as we bring our publishing date back closer to the beginning of each month. As a publishing house, with multiple titles and multiple distribution networks, it’s important to not overlook the needs of our readers.

this year’s Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI).

It was the 12th edition of MBI - held in March 2021 to a combined in-person and virtual audience - that once again provided a unique meeting place for all those involved in and working in the seas and oceans and having an awareness of the impact mankind is having on these environments specifically.

Each and every reader is important to us and it has Roger Gilbert Dr Chopin, a regular contributor to IAF magazine been clear from multiple surveys over many years Publisher – International Aquafeed in his column on seaweeds and integrated that the arrival of a monthly magazine in the hands and Fish Farming Technology multitrophic aquaculture, once again attended the of its readers stands out as a critical goal. With that conference (he has attended six of the 12 annual in mind and given the vagaries of international mail sessions) and his report is detailed despite its brevity in this edition (see during this ongoing pandemic period it’s important to you – and therefore pages 24-29). to us - that we mail early!

He quotes HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco when he says that after So this edition goes to the printer on August 3 and online in our a year of tragedy, crisis and uncertainty “the world is preparing to dedicated App (which can be found at www.magstand.com/aquafeed) rebuild itself … in a more sustainable and more responsible manner.” and will be in the mail on August 8th, almost a week earlier than last and that “This reconstruction offers us an unprecedented window of month. opportunity.” Set by HSH Prince Albert II, this vision formed the theme To help International Aquafeed (IAF) with its deadlines, translation into for presentations made throughout the day’s three sessions.

Spanish and sourcing international features, we have appointed Clarissa As Dr Chopin states in his conclusions, "this 2021 edition of the Monaco Garza de Yta as our General Manager LATAM. Clarissa joins us this Blue Initiative has shown the greatest evolution in our approach to the month from Tampico in Mexico and will be attending her first event ocean paradigm." representing the IAF at Aquaculture America being held in San Antonio, Texas, USA this month. Clarissa joins our team as our long-standing representative in the region, Ivan Marquette leaves to join an exhibition Other stories company in Argentina.

Shrimp, lobster and trout all feature in this edition of IAF along with Staff additions do not stop there. From September we will have an an array of news stories and reports that show how integrated our additional person joining us to advance our coverage in Fish Farming industry has become in order to deliver the quality and volume of fish Technology and to report on more aspects of what is happening in that consumers demand - and at a price they can afford. My thanks once technology terms on the farm and which impact fish health and nutrition. again go to our editors Professor Simon Davies and Erik Hempel for their More about that next month. guidance and insights in directing the magazine along its path, and for all the efforts from the magazine’s global staff. Once again, a job well done and timely! Thank you!

A wider view NOTE: Don’t forget the upcoming Online Milling School - Aqua Feed While we have a wide-ranging array of topics covered in this edition, Production Autumn Course! It starts on September 14, 2021 and runs for there is one feature that provides a wider, futuristic view of the issues and 12 weeks. Check out the details at: www.onlinemillingschool.com barriers aquaculture may have to address in Dr Thierry Chopin’s report on

ISSUE HIGHLIGHTS FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

INGREDIENTS: Novel feeds for rainbow trout - page 40

Humane fish farm predator deterrents - page 48

AQUACULTURE

The Aquaculture case study

THE MONACO BLUE INITIATIVE - page 24

The European lobster Using farmed produce to improve wild stocks - page 52 www.aquafeed.co.uk

NUTRITION & HEALTH It is always a pleasure to welcome my former More great work from Hadlow College students to my home for discussions on their The summer has been quite busy for me in my future and if I can be of advice and support in editorial capacity here with my monthly analysis their career plans. So, it is nice to welcome but also in terms of attracting good articles and Wesley Malcorps, my Dutch friend who did his reports. We have a series of case studies produced Masters in Utrecht and obtained a Distinction for by excellent students undertaking fisheries his thesis. management and aquaculture courses at Hadlow Actually, it also evolved into a scientific College, Kent, England. paper that included me as a co-author now Three students are on a summer placement at Professor Simon Davies NUI earning many citations in the peer-reviewed Galway, Ireland and I am delighted that our Nutrition Editor, International Aquafeed journal ‘Sustainability’. Wesley highlighted the first article (July edition) was on lumpfish culture conundrum associated with the rising use of and recent developments in their production as soybean meal in diets for shrimp and questioned its sustainability. part of our cleaner fish arsenal for combating sea lice infestation in This is due to the issues of deforestation, environmental impact and Atlantic salmon. We may expect future articles on lobster rearing for carbon footprint and also energy costs of production, use of land, water stock enhancements and other specialised areas. and fertilisers. Wesley was recommended by me to undertake a PhD I had the privilege of visiting Hadlow College last month and at the Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling - where I am an meeting with course director Tim O’Brine MRes and his team who alumni and where he was accepted promptly. offer a very good educational programme for foundation and degree In this time, he has been working on a very important project students providing a comprehensive coverage of topics and with with European funding to assess the value of various feedstock excellent resources that include a full library of aquaculture material commodities and the economic and social costs of their value in as well as modern fish holding facilities. feed formulations and ranking the ingredient sustainability levels The aquarium tanks and systems were dedicated for student training using novel approaches that go beyond merely nutritional value and with much potential to undertake research investigations and trials. I was individual costs. He is also developing models and ranking systems pleased to see tilapia, carp and especially the large African catfish Clarias that are quite innovative.

Gariepius broodstock being prepared for the production of juvenile fish.

Wesley has appeared at various workshops and conferences On another matter, I was invited to participate as the guest speaker for attracting much attention and positive feedback from feed companies, the biotechnology company Pathway Intermediates on July 14, 2021 for NGO’s and other agencies that are evaluating the feed chain and their international webinar platform. I discussed to a large audience the transparency pathways from the ‘fish farm to fork’ for the benefits of importance of chromium as the forgotten mineral in fish nutrition. consumers and retailers alike.

I was able to include our published work on chromium and discuss GrowMax within the context of this work. Chromium picolinate is a very good high bioavailable source of chromium both for human Establishing the fish in fish out ratio dietary supplements and for animals.

Major feed companies are now seriously revising feed formulations The fish and shrimp applications are most interesting and we can expect and wish to consider these parameters with more informed data. Also working with his colleague Bjorn Kok from the Netherlands who is also more research developments. Chromium is important for the synthesis of Glucose Tolerance Factor for carbohydrate and sugar metabolism (Insulin registered as a doctoral student at Stirling we all produced an exciting interactions) and will aid energy release from nutrients. paper published in Aquaculture in 2020, which addresses the fish in fish It can be expected to be supportive in diets for omnivorous out (FIFO). This important term or calculation describes the amount of fish where starch as carbohydrate often contributes more to the wild fish needed to produce the end fish product. formulation as an energy rich component. There is also potential for Over the years various calculations have produced many shrimp as well as in some carnivorous fish where insulin is involved in values, some of which indicated very high dependency on wild protein (amino acid) assimilation. catch sources for the obvious production of fishmeal and fish oil principally directed to the lucrative salmon sector. However there has been in more recent times a failure to recognise the significant Looking forward to this edition reduction and strategic use of fishmeal in the diets of many Turning to this current August edition we as always have our regular aquaculture species to good effect. The serious efforts often reported interviews with leading persons in aquaculture related areas, our in the magazine have given much credit to alterative ingredients technical features and articles, and news items. Dr Alex Wan answers derived from plants, terrestrial animals, algae, microbial, yeasts etc. questions regarding his team and programme of work at the National that have filled this protein gap as well as novel sources of oils and University of Ireland, Galway. grain sources of energy.

The advertisements of major products in the widest field as well as The modern and updated FIFO ratios reflect this and its pleasing to feed ingredients and supplements/additives provides excellent service know and appreciate that in general aquaculture is a net fish protein to our global clients and this is a major attribute of International generator and the opposite to what may be often wrongly reported Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology. in the media. Fishmeal has a prominent and important role to play Please interact with us to keep our platform at the forefront of for many species when used correctly. Our Kok et al. (2020) paper technology and progression. Articles and leads from the Fish Farming provided a list of FIFO values across the species spectrum and is a Technology aspect associated with effective husbandry of fish and useful timely study. shrimp, containment developments are very welcome.

4 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY believe this is the way forward. But science In the forty years that I have been involved must not be misused - we must observe the with the industry, I have witnessed the laws of nature, as these have been discovered development of modern aquaculture, and by science. innovations too numerous to mention have I am not so worried about technology occurred in the field. development on the hardware side of Simple, but massively important aquaculture. New floating cages, huge innovations, such as the standardised offshore installations, or advanced land-based octagonal floating cage introduced back re-circulation systems. These can easily be in the 1970s, feed automats and feeding controlled, adjusted, or abandoned, without systems, net cleaners, surveillance and Erik Hempel much negative result. measuring equipment, feed and nutrition The Nor-Fishing Foundation What I am worried about, is the science that development - and so on and so on. we do not fully master. Science that we only In the beginning, most of these have a partial understanding of. This is very often at the software innovations were done by the fish farmers themselves, based on end of aquaculture, such as GMO. Do we know enough about their own needs and in response to the problems they encountered.

GMO to control it? Do we know what the possible outcomes of As the industry grew and became more diversified, and as a better our genetic manipulations may be? Are we able to adjust them or defined supplier industry developed, innovations were done more abandon them if it goes wrong? scientifically, and by experts.

Nature always fights back, and wins

In recent years, much of our technological innovation has focused on making the industry more sustainable. This includes better use of resources, lower use of energy and reduced emissions – which have been the focus for much research, with many advances achieved.

But sometimes, the technology may be too fascinating, too enticing, and we forget the long-term effects it may have.

Sometimes, I feel that innovators are a little too keen and too enthusiastic about new technology.

Take GMO, for example - genetically manipulated organisms may have a great potential for faster growth, better disease protection, etc. But should we therefore encourage the use of GMO? I think not.

Maybe I am old-fashioned, but I believe that when we fiddle too much with nature, it has a tendency to hit back at us. Examples of GMO fish that have turned into monster fish are well known.

The fact that we are able to manipulate nature does not necessarily mean that we should do so. In doing so we create new problems for ourselves, and we have no way of foreseeing what these problems are until we actually face them - antibiotics, for example.

Antibiotics are great when you fight disease. But an over-use of antibiotics creates resistance against it, and the effect disappears.

Worse: we are no longer able to fight the diseases that we used antibiotics to control. Fortunately, we have seen the use of antibiotics in modern fish farming being reduced to almost nothing - at least in salmon farming.

I have long been a proponent of science-based aquaculture. I still

This month on IAF TV This month we have an interview with Dr Antonio Garza aqfeed.info/e/1161

Miracle cures don’t exist

One of the lessons of the Covid-19 pandemic, in my view, is that once a biological process gets out of hand, it is nearly impossible to stop it or reverse it. In the beginning of this summer, we all believed that we saw the end of the pandemic. At the time of writing, new cases are exploding in Greece, in Spain and in Portugal.

There is talk of a fifth wave in southern Europe. Why? Because we do not fully understand the pandemic, its causes, or the way it may develop. We do not understand why new variants occur, we have probably abandoned the infection control measures too soon, and we are too keen to get back to normal at all costs. Even at the cost of millions of lives.

The Covid-19 pandemic should also remind us that miracle cures don’t exist - or very, very rarely exist. Meticulous research and double and triple checking of results are necessary to find a good and safe solution.

Sometimes, it may also be better to turn to nature for help, rather than to complex technical processes. The use of lumpfish in the fight against sea lice may be an example. Lumpfish replaces chemicals, and chemicals do have a harmful effect on the marine environment. But then we should also ask: does lumpfish have an effect on the environment? If so, what effect?

Technological innovation is a powerful tool, but we must be careful how we use it. Therefore, I advocate a step-by-step approach, improving technology in small increments and based on careful scientific research instead of giant “miracle” leaps.

As these giant leaps can so aften be our undoing.

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International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 5

Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk Managing Editor Vaughn Entwistle vaughne@perendale.co.uk

August 2021 Volume 24 Issue 08

IN THIS ISSUE

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.com Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.com Erik Hempel (Norwegian edition) erikh@perendale.com Editorial Advisory Panel • Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed • Dr Allen Wu • Prof António Gouveia • Prof Charles Bai • Dr Daniel Merrifield • Dr Dominique Bureau • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman • Dr Kim Jauncey • Dr Eric De Muylder • Dr Pedro Encarnação • Dr Mohammad R Hasan Editorial team Prof Simon Davies sjdaquafeed@gmail.com Peter Parker peterp@perendale.co.uk Andrew Wilkinson andreww@perendale.co.uk Levana Hall levanah@perendale.co.uk International Marketing Team Darren Parris Tel: +44 7854 436407 darrenp@perendale.co.uk Latin America Marketing Team Iván Marquetti Tel: +54 2352 427376 ivanm@perendale.com Oceania Marketing Team Jasmine Parker jasminep@perendale.com

REGULAR ITEMS 8

Industry News

50 Technology showcase 56 Industry Events 62 The Market Place 64 The Aquafeed Interview 66

Industry Faces

Egyptian Marketing Team Mohamed Baromh Tel: +20 100 358 3839 mohamedb@perendale.com India Marketing Team Dr T.D. Babu +91 9884114721 tdbabu@aquafeed.org Asia Marketing Team Dante Feng Tel: +886 0227930286 dantef@perendale.com Nigeria Marketing Team Nathan Nwosu Tel: +234 8132 478092 nathann@perendale.com Design Manager James Taylor jamest@perendale.co.uk Circulation & Events Manager Tuti Tan Tel: +44 1242 267706 tutit@perendale.co.uk Development Manager Antoine Tanguy antoinet@perendale.co.uk Communication Manager Pablo Porcel pablop@perendale.com ©Copyright 2020 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner.

More information can be found at www.perendale.com ISSN 1464-0058

The Aquaculture case study

52 The European lobster

COLUMNS 3 Roger Gilbert

4 Professor Simon Davies 5

Erik Hempel

16 Brett Glencross

FEATURES 24 The Monaco Blue Initiative 30 Shrimp probiotic feed Improving pathogen inhibition

32 Phytogenic solution for L. vannamei performance 34 Meeting the ingredient gap for shrimp with next generation fermented corn protein 40 Novel feeds for rainbow trout The partial substitution of fishmeal with insects

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 46 IoT solution for silos 48 Humane fish farm predator deterrents

THE BIG PICTURE The Monaco Blue Initiative enlarged the circle to include the finance sector in its 12th edition – a remarkable evolution See more on page 24

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Global fishmeal & fish oil output blazes a trail in recent IFFO analysis ollowing a year of unpredictability, it has been underlined that our industry is constantly adapting to new circumstances, which explains its resilience.

The International Fishmeal and Fish Oil Organisation (IFFO) continues to develop close relationships with its members and build on the experiences that the pandemic has brought with regards to agility, flexibility and persistence to deliver high quality services.

This article contains a taste of the many statistics and analyses that can be found in the market intelligence reports that IFFO dedicates to its members is reported below, covering IFFO’s analysis on marine ingredient market trends.

They include an analysis of both the supply and demand sides of the market, with research focusing also on the global trends of animal farming and fish catches, agricommodities, commodities’ prices and general macroeconomic conditions.

A specific and additional focus is made on China given that China is by far the main market for marine ingredients. The total cumulative productions of the

countries considered in IFFO’s Market report from January to May 2021 were higher year on year: fishmeal up by 48 percent, fish oil up by 51 percent.

This growth has mostly been driven by a muchimproved performance in Peru, with an earlier start of its first fishing season in the North-centre of the country.

Aside from Peru, Chile and India were the only other countries to report a higher cumulative production over this same period.

In China, domestic production continues to rely on by-products, with operations suspended at Shandong and Liaoning provinces and much subdued in Zhejiang province due to lack of by-products.

Imports of fishmeal therefore continue to increase in recent weeks with record-high levels of port stocks reported. The demand for aquatic products in China has continued to rise in recent weeks, supporting in turn their prices.

Aquafeed output has increased month on month, with the second shrimp fingerlings stocking starting in south China.

Shrimp prices have been volatile in June due fluctuations on the demand side.

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The animal feed and nutrition awards

The Animal Feed and Nutrition Awards recognise the best innovations in feed processing and nutrition technology.

Deadline for entries - December 1st 2021

A two-day online conference for industry professionals, covering all aspects of aqua feed ch h Mar 10-11t 1 202 t of VIV As par 021 Asia 2

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ASC to fund new initiative for the protection of vital mangrove forests

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he benefits of mangrove forests are increasingly well known, but numerous efforts to protect them have met with limited success.

Now a pioneering fund is taking a novel approach by providing economic incentives to local communities in Ecuador in exchange for conserving mangrove forests in a bid to reverse decades of destruction of these vital habitats.

In order to coincide with International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem, funding was announced on July 26, 2021.

The Coastal Habitat Stewardship Fund is a partnership between the world’s leading certification programme for farmed seafood, the Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC), with international NGO Conservation International and the Ecuadorian government’s Ministry of Environment, Water and Ecological Transition.

It is a first for any aquaculture certification body and marks a new chapter in the development of ASC’s engagement in proactive environmental projects, which will compliment and run alongside its certification work.

Socio Manglar, a conservation incentives programme implemented by Ecuador’s government, will oversee the fund’s work through financial support to local groups working to enhance mangrove health.

Local associations are given regular economic incentives as well as access to mangrove areas in return for voluntarily committing to Sustainable Use and Stewardship Agreements to protect and maintain mangrove areas.

To date, there are over 37,000 hectares of mangrove

under Socio Manglar incentive agreements, with 26 local organisations in three provinces are managing investment plans, whilst 4000 people have already directly benefitted from the programme.

Under threat from multiple human activities Mangrove forests sequester carbon from the atmosphere, prevent coastal erosion and provide habitat to countless species. Despite these benefits, and growing awareness of them, over a million hectares of mangrove forests were destroyed globally over the past thirty years, including around 30,000 hectares lost in Central America.

Mangroves face threats from multiple human activities and industries. Of these, the clearance of forests for shrimp farming is perhaps the most well-known, though other activities are equally significant such as their use for fuel, construction material and land clearance to make way for hotel development and other tourism activities. Often such activities can further marginalise communities historically dependent on mangroves for their livelihoods.

A lack of economic alternatives In many cases, the underlying cause is a lack of economic alternatives for local communities, which this new fund aims to tackle. The fund has been set up as a trust, with further fundraising anticipated, with the intention to support Socio Manglar’s work indefinitely.

“ASC has a long-standing commitment to the protection of mangrove forests through the stringent requirements in our Shrimp Standard which prohibits deforestation,” says Chris Ninnes, ASC CEO.

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An incentive-based programme The Coastal Habitat Stewardship Fund is an incentivebased programme that aims to have both environmental and socio-economic impacts. Efforts have been made around the world to educate local people about the importance of mangrove forests, however when local residents have no alternative means to earn income the areas may be cleared out of economic necessity.

In return for voluntarily committing to Socio Manglar’s Sustainable Use and Custody Agreements to protect and maintain mangrove forests, local residents are given annual payments as well as access to the forests. The funding from ASC will go towards expanding the scheme and securing its ongoing viability.

Research has established that mature mangrove forests are far more effective carbon sinks than restored areas, a finding that has particular relevance as the world battles climate change. To ensure these areas are not lost to development, the first phase of the project is focused on the protection of intact mangrove areas. As the fund expands over time a greater emphasis will be placed on restoration work to help repair deforested areas.

The programme also includes education and resources for local residents and numerous industries, including

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An innovative financial mechanism "We believe a bigger impact is possible through innovative partnerships among the private sector, local communities, national authorities, and environmental organisations,” comments Luis Suárez, Vice President and Executive Director of CI-Ecuador.

“The Coastal Habitat Fund is an innovative financial mechanism to bring support from the aquaculture sector to enhance the financial sustainability of the conservation incentives program,” Mr Suárez concludes.

“Socio Manglar is a program that combines nature conservation with human well-being,” adds Nancy Serrade, Manager of Socio Bosque Program at the Ministry of Environment.

“Since its creation it has generated multiple benefits for the conservation and restoration of mangroves and fostered sustainable productive development for local communities who depend on mangroves for their livelihoods.”

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“We are dedicated to ensuring that shrimp farming is done responsibly and in a manner that conserves blue carbon ecosystems and supports the communities’ dependent on them.

“As the leading certification programme for environmentally and socially responsible farmed seafood, we think it is our responsibility to now extend our work to areas complimentary to farm certification and this is the first in a number of projects we will undertake to do so.”

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those that farm both the land and the coastal waters, on the importance of conserving mangrove forests.

An initial and ongoing commitment Currently, there are 30 ASC certified shrimp farms in Ecuador, all of which have committed to protecting the local ecosystem as a condition of achieving certification.

Shrimp farming is not solely responsible for the loss of mangrove forests, but poor aquaculture practices can contribute to their depletion.

The ASC Shrimp Standard bars farms established after 1999 from achieving certification if mangroves were destroyed as a result of their siting and, in some cases, requires the replanting of previously destroyed forests by farms in operations before 1999 as a condition of certification.

However, ASC is the only certification scheme that has gone beyond farm level improvements to safeguard the world’s remaining mangroves.

“We very much hope that our initial and ongoing commitment to such projects will be a catalyst for other companies engaged with the ASC to also support us in this work,” adds Chris Ninnes, ASC CEO. “As we all face up to the collective challenge of redressing climate impacts the ASC is committed to developing further initiatives to help everyone involved in aquaculture to play their role in doing this.

“This is why we are developing a number of tools to calculate sector greenhouse gas emissions so that we can better understand the scale of our impacts and the mitigation needed to be carbon-neutral. The first of these will be piloted later this year,” he concludes.

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International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 11

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FishChoice join with Global Aquaculture Alliance in new strategic partnership

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he Global Aquaculture Alliance (GAA) and FishChoice have announced that they have entered into a strategic partnership, combining GAA’s industry-leading aquaculture standards and expertise with FishChoice’s online platform designed to power progress on seafood sustainability.

FishChoice will join over 60 seafood associations and NGOs that are part of GAA’s strategic-partnership program, a network of partnerships that seeks to enhance communication and information sharing within the global aquaculture community.

By connecting FishChoice with GAA’s network and industry knowledge, the collaboration represents a significant advancement in the way both organisations address the needs of the aquaculture community.

Under the partnership agreement, GAA will provide FishChoice with access to exclusive Strategic Partnersonly communications and resources as well as GAA’s GOAL conference, virtual and in-person gatherings of leaders from across the global seafood value chain to share information related to production, sustainability, innovation, and market trends.

FishChoice Partners are also invited to join as free GAA Strategic Partner members and gain access to the above benefits.

“FishChoice.com’s contributions to the seafood industry have been immense over the years. The work the organisation does to simplify seafood for the industry and for consumers is vital,” says Maddie Cassidy, Membership Marketing Manager at GAA. “We are excited to formalise the work that we do with FishChoice.com, as both of our organisations are aligned on our ultimate goals: supporting the seafood industry and encouraging the consumption of seafood worldwide.”

Prior to this partnership, FishChoice.com Partners could highlight their Best Aquaculture Practices (BAP)

certification, managed by GAA, on their profile and applicable product listings.

Now, FishChoice.com features information about GAA and allows GAA members to highlight their membership directly on their FishChoice.com Partner Profile. This will make it easier for the thousands of FishChoice.com users to find GAA member businesses prioritising sustainable aquaculture and/or source BAP-certified products.

Supporting sustainable aquaculture businesses “The BAP certification scheme has been one of our certification partners on FishChoice.com for seven years. Through the new partnership, we look forward to adding GAA to our expanding list of sustainable seafood collaborators on the site and building on our previous relationship with GAA,” says Tim Mullin, Program Manager at FishChoice.

“Partnering with GAA to share cutting-edge aquaculture information will allow us to further support and amplify businesses that carry sustainable aquaculture products.”

Several companies have already highlighted their GAA memberships on their profiles, including Kvarøy Arctic, Australis Aquaculture, Seattle Fish Company, Beaver Street Fisheries, Mazzetta Company, and Raw Seafoods.

“Communicating the story of a 3rd generation family farm in the Arctic Circle to an American audience has a unique set of challenges.

It is vital for Kvarøy Arctic to continue to evolve and find ways to connect to the market. The story of provenance is paramount to our success,” says Jennifer Bushman, Strategic Development Officer with Kvarøy Arctic.

“The Fish Choice-GAA site offers a platform to explain not just what we do but the thoughtful ways in which we do it. This includes having a place where in one snap shot you can find our partnerships, certifications, and recommendations.”

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Gael Force Group and FISA sign exclusive partnership

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lobal supply partner of aquaculture equipment, technology, and services, Gael Force Group, has signed an exclusive agreement with net manufacturer FISA to supply and develop aquaculture nets in Scotland, and to partner in international markets.

The inclusion of nets in their product range means Gael Force will further enhance their capability to supply a complete range of high-quality turnkey marine equipment, technology and supporting services. The partnership will also see FISA exclusively manufacture a new SeaQureNet, which will be a key element of Gael Force’s turnkey offering.

As part of the agreement and to support the partnership, Gael Force has also established cooperation with and engaged the services of, John Howard of Boris Nets with his extensive product knowledge and experience in Aquaculture.

Gael Force has also committed to establishing a net servicing station in the UK and will set out to recruit and build additional resources to successfully service both Scottish and international markets.

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

“We have worked alongside FISA in the market for several years and we have been extremely impressed with the consistently robust quality and reliability of their netting products,” says Stewart Graham, Group Managing Director at Gael Force.

“Together, our partnership is an excellent strategic fit, and by combining our resource and wealth of experience we can jointly develop containment solutions while offering competitive pricing and high service levels.

“Our primary focus is to support our customers to sustainably rear healthy, nutritious salmon with maximum secure containment and production uptime. We have great confidence that working together with FISA puts us in a stronger position to deliver even better value to the market in support of that aim.”

A critical part in future of sustainable fish farming “We have been seeking a partner with a strong market position and reputation, and the capability to provide turnkey installations and service the market - we are delighted to have found that in Gael Force,” says Yoni Radzinski, FISA Owner and Director, “We are excited about the opportunities ahead to support Gael Force in reinforcing their competitive turnkey offering to customers and to supply, design and manufacture robust aquaculture nets which will play a critical part in future of sustainable fish farming both in Scotland and internationally.

“Like us, it is evident that Gael Force care passionately about contributing towards their customers’ success with high quality, reliable equipment and technology,” he concludes.

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

aquafeed.co.uk

International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 13

fishfarmingtechnology.net

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Researchers develop new platforms to detect contaminants in fish and water

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ew portable sensor and biosensor platforms have been developed by researchers at the Superior Institute of Engineering of Porto (ISEP), allowing for the detection of emerging contaminants, such as antibiotics, hormones, antidepressants and anti-inflammatory drugs in water or fish.

The platforms are being developed as part of the Contaminants of emerging concern’s (CEC’s) (Bio) Sensing project. “It is urgent to

control the quality and safety of fishery products,” one of the researchers in the project explains, as bioaccumulation of contaminants by aquatic organisms is increasingly “a threat to public health.”

“The common medications that we use in our day-to-day and that are excreted through the urine end up contaminating rivers and seas, without being controlled by methods or technologies to eliminate them,” claims the institute.

Simone Morais, the projects lead researcher, points out that there are “no routine analysis methods for most compounds,” as the methodologies are “very expensive.”

“This project offers high socioeconomic and environmental benefits.

The fast and reliable results, coming

from the platforms, support key decisions regarding the management of fish products, resulting in greener and more efficient production processes,” she adds.

The CECs (Bio)Sensing project started in July 2018, and should be completed by July 2022. ISEP believes the knowledge acquired in this project could be applied to other food sectors too.

The International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL) and the Federal University of Ceará have partnered with the project. It is also co-financed by the Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation (POCI) and the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).

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www.almex.nl 14 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

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Irish Aquaculture receives additional US$1.3 million in grants

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he Irish Agriculture Food & Marine Minister, Charlie McConalogue, has recently announced €1.1 million (US$1.3 million) in grants to support the growth of aquaculture.

In addition to the 28 aquaculture projects which had funding announced earlier this year, 16 aquaculture projects are now set to benefit from the grant.

The grants are a part of two EMFF support schemes, The Sustainable Aquaculture Scheme, and the Knowledge Gateway Scheme. The Sustainable Aquaculture Scheme aims to support projects that promote the sustainable growth of output, value and employment in the aquaculture sector. The Knowledge Gateway Scheme provides funding for projects that promote knowledge, innovation and technology in the aquaculture sector.

“Despite the uncertain business environment created

by Brexit and Covid-19, our aquaculture sector is showing a very strong appetite to invest in and grow their businesses,” comments Mr McConalogue.

“Taken together, I have now announced some €2.8m in grant awards to 44 aquaculture enterprises in 2021 and these awards are supporting €6.9m of investments in our aquaculture sector,” he concludes.

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Skretting Australia's acquisition of Tasmanian extrusion facility reaches closure

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kretting Australia has announced that the acquisition of Ridley’s extrusion facility in Westbury, Tasmania, has become unconditional following the conclusion of the review by the Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC).

This acquisition will help Nutreco’s aquaculture division Skretting expand its production capacity in the southern island state of Australia.

“I am pleased that we are one step closer to completing this acquisition. Aquaculture has a critical role in making our oceans more sustainable but also in supporting local economies in the markets where we operate,” comments Therese Log Bergjord, Skretting CEO. “This acquisition is a strategically important investment for Skretting Australia in a growing and leading industry.”

Visit our new website www.phileo-lesaffre.com

International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 15

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Brett Glencross Is feed evolution driving us towards new ingredients or into circularity?

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istening into some of the recent proliferation of webinars, my attention was drawn to two presentations by different feed companies, where the message could have been one of almost mimicry of each other.

Both presentations were excellent and the harmonisation in each of the stories being told had a kind of comforting feel to it. Each presentation told the story of how each company’s raw material portfolio had changed over time but also where they each thought the future might take their respective companies.

Each narrative presented how in the origins of feed (salmon feed for the time being) raw material use, that it was mainly the marine resources (fishmeal and oil) that were used in the 1990’s (Figure 1). Early forays into alternative ingredients explored (briefly) animal proteins and plant proteins, the latter of which progressively increased in use till 2020, with the former being phased out for various reasons before 2005.

Notably, around 2020 the use of fishmeal and other marine proteins appeared to have “bottomed out”.

As for oils, while the origins were strongly with fishoil, in the mid 1990’s the use of plant oils began, and this increasingly replaced fish oils such that by 2020 close to 75 percent of the oil used was not of marine origin anymore.

By 2020 we also see that there is significant reliance on eight resource streams compared to four in 1990. In essence, what we were seeing was an evolution of feed formulations based on simplicity towards one of complexity.

One of the more notable resources

In 2020 some other interesting changes were notable. Novel proteins were now being included in feeds at levels equal to fishmeal. The use of “circular” protein and lipids was also emerging, notably the use of fishmeal and oil from trimmings and by-products. In fact, this sector emerges as one of the more notable resources moving forward.

Further of note was that the level of marine ingredient use (whether forage origin or trimmings) was also flat lined going forward. The importance of using marine ingredients from certified sources was also highlighted as important in moving forward. The other important observation made by the presenters was the change in impacts associated with these changing strategies.

Interestingly, the original marine ingredient focussed strategy was one that in reflection had a pretty good environmental footprint; low CO2 discharge, low energy use, and little to no reliance on land or freshwater. Compare that with the modern approach which had a comparatively high demand for energy, high CO2 footprint and used substantially more land and freshwater.

Even the new novel resources-on the-block were indicated as being not so great in their footprints but did provide increased resource security and reduced contaminant issues. They also brought in new nutrients as options in a situation where there is growing demands on the existing resources.

What to feed those new mouths

So, if in a sustainability context we are not better off in 2020 than 1990, why did we change you might ask?

Well, that question goes back to the original reason we began using alternatives in the first place, which was based on the recognition of constraints to expanding the availability of marine ingredients as aquaculture feed demand grew. It wasn’t that we considered the marine ingredients bad or unsustainable, but rather that there was simply never going to be enough of them.

We had to add new things to the dinner table to accommodate

the increasing number of mouths to feed. A review the data presented shows that these companies had clearly thought about that very issue – what to feed those new mouths. Their answer, not surprisingly, was more novel ingredients + more marine byproducts, but less plant proteins.

It seems the future for the feed sector is one of a two-pronged approach with both increasing circularity in resource use plus coupled with new novel tech to bring additional resources to the table.

Dr Brett Glencross is the Technical Director of IFFO - The Marine Ingredients Organisation.

Over the past 25 years he has worked in various academic, institutional, and industrial roles across Australasia, the Middle East and Europe.

16 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

News

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section of the genetic code in tilapia significantly affects survival during a virus outbreak, leading to potential for breeding resistant fish. Scientists analysed the genome of almost 1000 fish from a pond that had experienced an outbreak of Tilapia Lake Virus.

A specific region in the genome of Nile tilapia – a key aquaculture species that is worth nearly US$10 billion globally – has a major effect on mortality levels during an outbreak of Tilapia Lake Virus (TiLV), a study led by the Roslin Institute and WorldFish has found.

Fish with specific genetic variants in this region were substantially less likely to die in an outbreak of the virus than fish without these variants. Survival rates improved by approximately one third, scientists observed.

By selecting parent fish for breeding based on these variants, tilapia strains with innate resistance can be developed. This will reduce the number of outbreaks and mortality rate of TiLV, which is one of the biggest threats to tilapia aquaculture, with mortalities up to 90 percent and for which vaccines are not yet available.

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Study finds DNA region linked to disease resistance in tilapia

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The aquaculturists

Improved survival Comparing the genomes of fish that survived the outbreak with fish that did not enabled scientists to find the region in the genome containing variants associated with survival.

The average survival rate of tilapia with the favourable variants was 32 percent higher than that of fish with none of the variants, scientists found.

The study, published in the journal Heredity, was funded by the CGIAR Research Program on Fish Agri-Food Systems (FISH) and the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, part of UK Research and Innovation.

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www.ottevanger.com International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 17

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FEFAC co-signs EU Responsible Food Business & Marketing Practices Code of Conduct

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he EU Code of Conduct on Responsible Food Business and Marketing Practices, released on July 5, 2021, sets out the actions that the actors between the farm and the fork, such as food processors, food service operators and retailers, can voluntarily commit to undertake to tangibly improve and communicate their sustainability performance.

By signing-up to this EU Code of Conduct, the Federation of European Compound Feed Manufacturers (FEFAC) wants to reiterate its vision that animal nutrition is part of the solution to a successful transition towards more sustainable livestock and aquaculture chains, in line with the “Farm to Fork Strategy” ambitions and the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

The ambitions and objectives of the EU Code of Conduct are largely aligned with FEFAC’s own views on sustainable feed production laid down in the FEFAC Feed Sustainability Charter 2030, released in September 2020.

The European feed industry is well positioned to make its contribution to the EU Code of Conduct’s targets on enhancing circularity and resource efficiency (objective 6) and responsible sourcing, in particular in relation to deforestation (objective 7).

FEFAC actively contributed to the development of the EU Code of Conduct, however regret a clear reference to

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the fact that the EU feed and livestock chain partners are a global leader on sustainable development of food production systems.

“The European Commission request for voluntary industry action and commitments to stimulate sustainable food production shows that FEFAC took the right decision to develop a Feed Sustainability Charter 2030, well ahead of this EU Code of Conduct on Responsible Food Business & Marketing Practices. says Asbjørn Børsting, FEFAC President.

“The importance of deforestation-free supply chains is again highlighted and I recommend our value chain partners to take note of referring to the FEFAC Soy Sourcing Guidelines 2021 to achieve this objective for the sourcing of responsible soy”.

FEFAC will remain vigilant on the future governance of the EU Code of Conduct and is in particular keen to see how the monitoring aspects to the EU Code of Conduct will be worked out for signatories. The recent public release of the 1st FEFAC Feed Sustainability Charter Progress Report shows that FEFAC and its member associations are well prepared to respond to the challenge.

18 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

Unibio successfully complete US$15m financing round

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ustainable protein company Unibio announce the successful completion of a US$15 million bridge round financing, predominantly from existing shareholders.

The bridge round, arranged by West Hill Capital, was increased due to significant investor demand and was 2.2x oversubscribed, with the valuation of Unibio now passing US$300 million. The capital raised will be used for general corporate purposes and to support the company's future development plans.

Unibio has also successfully closed the previously announced partnership agreement with Stafilies in respect of Protelux, the first industrial-scale plant producing Uniprotein.

As part of the transaction, the intellectual property and experience gained by Protelux in constructing and operating the world’s first industrial-scale U- Loop® fermenter will be shared with Unibio and can be leveraged when designing and building similar facilities around the world.

Following the partnership Stafilies is now a significant shareholder in Unibio. David Henstrom, the new Chief Executive Officer, who joined Unibio from Cargill has also now taken up his role to grow Unibio.

“It has been an extremely busy and successful year for Unibio, with the commencement of industrial production and the completion of the capital raising,” says the company’s chairman Jan Boeg Hansen.

“The confidence placed in us by our shareholders is testimony to the strong story that Unibio has to tell and now that David has joined us, we are working hard to continue the development of Unibio at a high pace.”

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

aquafeed.co.uk International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 19

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Aqua Nor releases list of Innovation Award 2021 finalists

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n conjunction with Aqua Nor 2021 the jury has nominated the following companies to the Innovation Award of the Year: Noras Global SA – Torres Vedras/Portugal, Searas AS – Bergen/Norway and VAKI, part of MSD Animal Health in Kópavogur/Island.

The first company to nominated by the jurors, who are Kjell Maroni – R&D director aquaculture in FHF, Jan Henrik Sandberg – senior advisor in The Fishermens Association and Oddvar Staulen – Financial advisor in Innovation Norway, is Noras Global SA, a company that has developed a unique lifebuoy – U-Safe.

The buoy can be thrown into the sea where the buoy automatically activates and is remotely controlled by a joystick to quickly reach a person in danger. The person holds on to the buoy, and can be moved into safety. The buoy has two effective turbine motors and is symmetrical, to ensure it works efficiently regardless of how it lands in the sea.

The second nominee, Searas AS SeaRAS Aquasense, is pioneering a new method for measuring and monitoring water parameters and special H2S on low values in fish farms and tanks in well-boats.

Values for H2S in water can be registered down to 0,05 micrograms/litre. Alarms can be set to go off when

the level of H2S reaches the required levels set by the authorities. SeaRAS Aquasense is installed in many RASfarms.

Measurements are done on new well-boats to control levels of H2S in tanks before live fish are pumped on board and during transport/treatment. This ensures safe quality water for the fish.

The third and final nominee is VAKI, Part of MSD Animal Health. Within the VAKI SmartFlow system, the Density Control monitors, controls, and automates fish density to maximise fish welfare, and to enhance grading, vaccination and counting.

The Density Control solution maintains a consistent and pre-set ratio of live fish and water during the fish handling process. The regulator thins out the flow if the volume of fish in the hose surpasses a certain density. VAKI Density Control can also be combined with the VAKI Automatic Tank Water Level system.

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International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 21

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Online Aquafeed Production School returns in September 2021

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s the Spring 2021 edition of the Online Aquafeed Production School reaches its conclusion in July, the organisers are now switching their attention to the upcoming Autumn Edition and invite you to join them for the twelveweek course.

So how do the sessions usually pan out? Well, each installment begins with a welcoming introduction by long time industry publisher and journalist Roger Gilbert and Yiannis Christodoulou, founder/owner of Progressus Agrischools Asia, followed by two hours of live training, with proceedings brought to a close with a very thorough Q & A session.

The two hours of live training cover a broad range of topics from the world of aquafeed production including ingredients, equipment used, how it is operated and the desired final product specifications.

As well as introducing the previously mentioned four areas that are crucial for aquafeed production, the course also goes into great detail on how they interact with one another, as each affects the other during the aquafeed production process.

The breakdown of the weekly sessions is typically two or three seminars written, prepared and presented by Anuncio ICC - HLY - Tilapias - EN - 19x13.2cm.pdf 1 11/01/2019 14:53:10

carefully chosen industry experts, a proud list that includes Joe Kearns, whose 44-year career at Wenger saw him hold the positions of Vice President Aqua-Feed Division and Aquaculture Process Engineering Manager for a combined total of over 10 years.

In order to accommodate two different time zones, the weekly sessions are also broadcast on a twice weekly basis.

For the audiences in Europe and Asia, the first of the two transmissions will take place on Tuesdays at 14:00 Bangkok Time/09:00 CET Time.

For the US and Latin American audience, the Friday session can be joined at 10:00 Chicago Time/13:00 Buenos Aires Time.

If you are interested on enrolling on this course, then the Online Aquafeed Production School will return with the Winter Edition on September 14, with the online registration website open from August 1, 2021.

See you there!

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22 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

AQUACULTURE

THE MONACO BLUE INITIATIVE

The Monaco Blue Initiative enlarged the circle to include the finance sector in its 12th edition – a remarkable evolution

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n previous years, the Monaco Blue Initiative (MBI) was a gathering of representatives of governments, international organisations, civil society, nongovernmental organisations, the private sector, the scientific community and the media.

In this year’s third session, the MBI invited representatives of the finance sector and it brought a new influx and new perspectives in the engagement we can have with the oceans.

Because of Covid-19, the 2021 MBI, held on March 22, had a hybrid format with some speakers and panelists of the three sessions in Monaco, and 200 participants joining via Zoom for the question & answer periods.

In his welcome address, HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco stated that “we stand at a juncture where our world is preparing to rebuild itself, after a year of tragedy, crisis and uncertainty, and is seeking to do so in a more sustainable and more responsible manner. This reconstruction offers us an unprecedented window of opportunity.” He also emphasised that it was time to transform ambitious commitments into actions.

Session 1: the role of international negotiations for better ocean governance

In a pre-recorded message, John Kerry (USA Special Presidential Envoy for Climate) said that “ocean stewardship and climate stewardship are really two sides of a single coin” and that the ocean will bring climate solutions, “we cannot protect the ocean without confronting the climate crisis and we cannot fight the climate crisis without the power of the ocean.”

In another pre-recorded message, Annick Girardin (Minister of Maritime Affairs of France) delivered a concise speech full of quotable remarks, such as “the sea is not a discontinuity, but the unwavering link that unites more than it separates”, remarkable from a person originally from the French archipelago of SaintPierre et Miquelon, next to Newfoundland in Canada. Another interesting quote: “the ocean is a ‘global common,’ not as a legal concept, which would open up new rights, but rather a moral concept, which recalls our common responsibility.” She

advocated for an evolution from the EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zones) to the EEEZ (Exclusive Economic and Ecological Zones).

Session 1 focused on the role of international negotiations in ocean governance. A sense of urgency was palpable as geopolitical tensions are increasing and the negative impacts of climate change are becoming more and more obvious. Panelists emphasised the need for robust science, the need to fill huge data gaps, and a more holistic and inclusive approach instead of geographically isolated efforts.

Science objectivity and transparency are needed when political issues and economic interests are at play. Objective knowledge of the ocean must be increased and translated into management guidelines. Implementation of agreements is hindered by a lack of coordination at the national levels, across ministries and agencies.

Changes in behaviour are also needed.

We should recognise that the ocean provides not just economic, but also spiritual value. Echoing Annick Girardin, that local planning is the key to good ocean governance, the panel recommended looking at local solutions and concrete examples that work for long-term returns and successes.

The panelists were disappointed by a lack of engagement of the private sector regarding biodiversity when, in fact, nature and ocean-based solutions should be assets worth investing in and ecosystem services should be part of the value chain.

Bruno Oberle (Director General of the International Union for Conservation of Nature) mentioned that to increase the effectiveness of global and regional agreements, we need to focus on three “Cs”: commitment, collaboration and coherence.

A roadmap for public policy, intergovernmental interaction and private investment should be developed using science-based solutions to catalyse actions. Legal and policy instruments need to become more efficient and international agreements need to move from being “inspirational” to being legally binding in order to become meaningful.

Non-coastal countries need to be engaged in ocean issues, as they have a stake in ocean services and the value chain for ocean products, and are parties to international instruments for conservation and sustainable use.

24 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

AQUACULTURE

Event review by Dr Thierry Chopin Dr Thierry Chopin is Professor of Marine Biology, and Director of the Seaweed and Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture Research Laboratory, at the University of New Brunswick in Canada.

He is also the owner and President of Chopin Coastal Health Solutions Inc, since 2016.

To finish on an optimistic note, the moderator of the session, Sébastien Treyer (Executive Director of the Institute for Sustainable Development and International Relations) indicated that there is a lot of hope and a lot of tools available but we now have to get concrete and give a voice to people not being heard (particularly in coastal communities) and to the ocean itself.

Session 2: how to integrate ocean issues and Sustainable Development Goals (in particular SDG14) into companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies Ricardo Serrão Santos (Minister of Maritime Affairs of

Portugal) told the conference that Covid-19 has highlighted the present situation: business as usual is no longer possible.

Investing in human and environmental capital will be key and sustainability will be maintained through scientific knowledge.

Session 2 explored ways to integrate oceans issues within the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (in particular SDG 14, life under water), and how to reconcile economic performance and ocean health.

Several speakers underlined that supporting sustainable ocean management is not just a matter of corporate social responsibility (CSR), it also makes perfect business sense to invest more in human capital and environmental resilience, given the risks of depleting valuable natural assets and the economic potential of existing and emerging ocean activities carried out in a sustainable manner.

Conservation and sustainable use cannot be treated separately, and biodiversity considerations must be mainstreamed into the economy so that “oceans’ health is turned into a growing source of economic prosperity” (Annick Girardin).

So far, a lot of the value creation has come from the destruction or unsustainable exploitation of marine resources. It is time for companies to understand that nature assets create obvious values for many industries directly, or indirectly, linked to the ocean.

The panel participants reported, several times, the difficulties in aligning businesses to the SDGs (more formulated for governments and nations) and the challenges of pursuing blue economies. Embracing innovation and bringing sustainable solutions to scale will be key to enabling meaningful contributions.

Raising public awareness can greatly boost political and market shifts by harnessing consumer power (the consumer needs,

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www.adisseo.com International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 25

We protect it We protect them We protect ourselves As a result of innovation and continuous improvement, Dibaq Aquaculture takes advantage of the arrival of summer to announce a new product line: Dibaq AquaSafe®, in which we have been actively working in recent months. It is an internal quality seal to differentiate our high-value products.

Dibaq Aquaculture brand has always been of a valuable company, specialized in the manufacture of special and differentiated products, using high quality raw materials, micronutrients and functional components. However, as a result of the innovation and needs of our global market, we have managed to go further and improve the quality of our nutrients, additives and formulas in our products with this new seal that aims to provide value and differentiation to our clients and achieve them the maximum performance in their production.

Why have we called it AquaSafe?

This concept includes the sustainability and safety of water and Planet Earth, as well as the health and safety of fish fed with our products, stimulating the immune system, protecting them against internal and external parasites and improving productive performance. Therefore, it is a global concept that offers and focuses on the safety of the planet and fishes.

Visit us: dibaqaquaculture.es

AQUACULTURE however, to be objectively and transparently educated). The “license-to-operate” needs to be appropriately set.

The panelists also indicated that some companies (including “non-maritime” ones) are not aware of their direct or indirect impacts on the ocean and that the ocean needs to be integrated across all the silos of a corporation.

There is also a need for technical solutions, for example combining seaweed farms with wind farms (I would add Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture (IMTA) farms of fish, seaweeds and invertebrates with wind farms). Circular economy is also about partnering appropriately to holistically align environmental, economic and societal issues to find solutions via innovations and reaching true buying from corporations.

Bruno Monteferri (The Cambridge Conservation Initiative and The Peruvian Society for Environmental Law) noted that CSR is often allocated to companies’ marketing departments, which have short-term outlooks and budgeting, when the marine environment requires long-term strategies.

To have a real impact, CSR should be embraced at the highest level and be a long-term commitment and be part of the corporate identity, strategies and values, giving employees a sense of pride, purpose and motivation. Moreover, consumer and investor loyalty should increase and exposure to risk decrease.

Thomas Thune Andersen (Chairman of the Board of Directors of Ørsted) believes that we are at a crossroad in a shift from a balance sheet to a value sheet. CSR is what companies do to pay for bad conscience. Instead, a company should determine how it can pro-actively use its strength to enable change. It is not just what companies do internally, but what they can insist others in their supply chains can also do.

HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco

John Kerry, USA Special Presidential Envoy for Climate

Annick Girardin, Minister of Maritime Affairs of France

We may have to move away from just asking for the lowest price and recognise and value the intangible societal benefits along the value chain for the employees, costumers, businesses and investors. We need to move from being “ocean apart” to being “ocean together” mentioned Thomas Thune Andersen, who also has an exciting project of incorporating seaweed farming into the design of a wind farm.

Daniela Fernandez (Founder and CEO of the Sustainable Ocean Alliance) surveyed thousands of young people in 165 countries.

Their findings indicated that a priority should be setting shortterm goals and milestones to hold current leadership accountable and instill urgency, as too often company leaders set lofty 10-20 year goals though they may no longer be with the company then the same could be said of political leaders.

The Sustainable Ocean Alliance works with many ocean startups and entrepreneurs building circular-economy, ocean-data and carbon-neutrality solutions for businesses and they find it difficult to get global companies to engage.

I would add that the global companies and global philanthropic organisations often look at flamboyant proposals, not always based on solid scientific evidence, but that will secure prominent feel-good displays on social media, while ignoring more mature, experience-rich but less flashy proposals, which offer lower risks, lower budgets, and higher rates of success through incremental scaling.

Session 3: from blue economy to blue finance – what role does the financial sector need to play in managing risks related to biodiversity loss and in financing the sustainable blue economy?

This was, for me, by far the most interesting and illuminating session of the 12th Edition of the MBI. This was quite an audacious turn in the evolution of the MBI, but a most enlightening and needed fresh perspective on linking the ocean and humanity and “placing the ocean at the heart of our development paradigm,” according to HSH Prince Albert II of Monaco.

Carlos Eduardo Correa (Columbian Minister of Environment and Sustainable Development) indicated that investing in natural capital will not only generate positive impacts on biodiversity, but will also allow us to avoid economic risks, as most economic sectors depend greatly on biodiversity and ecosystem services.

This was, of course, music to my ears, as I have been repeating for a long time that the ecosystem services provided by seaweeds and the other extractive components of IMTA systems need to first be recognised and understood, then properly valued and accounted for, to then be used as financial and regulatory incentive tools to encourage the aquaculture sector to move to more efficient and responsible practices to develop the food (and non-food) production systems of the future.

Sylvie Goulard (Second Deputy Governor of the Banque de France) moderated this session remarkably and, indeed, readdressed easily the parity with the five male members of the panel!

Panelists reported challenges in ocean governance, regulatory frameworks, lease and license complicated tenure systems, lack of disaster-risk management and insurance systems, and scientific data deficiencies to guide financial decision making and provide the enabling conditions for nature-based investments and financial innovations.

Science will have to be translated into a narrative for investors.

Then, financial innovation will be important to transform science into investment and to understand what needs to be financed. Capital markets will be more efficient if they are more aware of nature.

International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 27

AQUACULTURE While land-based approaches tend to be national (agriculture, for example), in the ocean there are issues related to access to shared resources involving communities in coastal areas. It gets even more complicated in the high seas where resources are often public goods, requiring strong international agreements to create the right incentives for finance mechanisms to work.

While the Blue Economy presents governance, data, climate adaptation, and tenure issues that differ from those of the Green Economy, panelists mentioned several times how Green and Blue Economies should work together and not reinvent the wheel.

This was again music to my ears, as I have been saying, since 2010, that it was time for the Blue Economy to be greener, and, consequently, time to talk about the Turquoise Economy.

Financial markets involve all of us, notably through our pension plans. So, we have every right to ask for bluer and greener (turquoise) investments. Chip Cunliffe (Director of Sustainable Development at AXA XL) indicated that, from an insurer perspective, not investing in nature will be a risk, especially if we look at the increase in climate disasters and the need for climate adaptation. However, data remains insufficient to unlock finance to protect natural capital and other Blue Economy elements. Once convinced, investors need products.

Blue carbon is another focus; however, more research is required. Moreover, as I mentioned in my column in International Aquafeed of February 2021, if people could stop being obsessed with carbon and carbon trading taxes, they would realise that the development of nutrient trading credits (NTC) for the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus would earn a much higher return than carbon trading credits (CTC).

Banks and insurers have an urgent leadership role to play in supporting awareness and decision-making around the Blue Economy and biodiversity loss; however, investment requires better knowledge and useful tools already exist.

Green bonds are now fairly mainstream, after 10-15 years, and can be adapted to the Blue Economy. Existing Green Finance principles and instruments can be retooled for Blue Finance and blue bonds.

Multi-party blended financial models could address direct drivers of marine biodiversity loss and create resilient ecosystems, thereby safeguarding natural and constructed infrastructures. Pierre Rousseau (Senior Strategic Advisor for Sustainable Business, Group BNP Paribas) admitted that more work is needed to create platforms for blended finance.

Trust and transparency are key, as cooperation among stakeholders is complex and requires aligning different views.

Bringing together public, philanthropic and private sources of funding, which all operate according to different rules, is difficult.

Klaas de Vos (CEO of Ocean Fox Advisory) thought that some granularity will be needed to apply different solutions in different conditions and specific contexts.

More internal expertise is needed within the finance sector, as well as a bridge between the scientific and economic policy communities to identify what is investable for private capital.

Pricing and exposing the economic risks of ocean and coastal degradation will help draw capital to ocean solutions such as offshore wind production, sustainable food production, decarbonisation, and conservation and restoration of ecosystems.

What capital is used where and under what conditions remains to be elucidated.

The “virtuous circle” model goal is to provide livelihoods for local populations, returns for investors, and opportunities for small, innovative entrepreneurs and large corporations integrating conservation, sustainability and profitability into their business models.

Members of the panel of the second session: Daniela Fernandez, Marie-Claire Daveu (moderator), Clément Ray, Adrian Portafaix, Thomas Thune Andersen and Bruno Monteferri

Members of the panel of the third session: Sylvie Goulard (moderator), Klaas de Vos, Pierre Rousseau, David Meyers, Chip Cunliffe and Damian Payiatakis

David Meyers (Executive Director of The Conservation Finance Alliance) noted that the challenge has been to convert economic into financial value when externalities are not accounted for.

Governments focus on GDP growth, whilst private sector companies trying to incorporate externalities are generally penalised.

Sylvie Goulard commented that it was relatively easier to internalise the externalities when one wants to price a tonne of CO2, but that it is completely different when one tries to monetise biodiversity loss. David Meyers said that you can tell fishers they will benefit if they stay away from a no-take zone, but we should provide transition finance to help communities wait it out and to deter poaching and outside fishers. These mechanisms are generally not in place.

The challenge is changing a short-term focus on immediate value extraction to one of long-term higher biodiversity and productivity, which requires engagement and education (especially by local NGOs), and community buy-in to create resilience.

The topic of scale and scalability was mentioned again, as, at the present time, a lot of opportunities are at small scale, whereas the investment community wants larger and fewer transactions.

Many positive-return opportunities at a small scale are not getting access to financing to scale up and have the necessary impact.

Sylvie Goulard then asked panelists to discuss Blue Finance in relation to the One Health concept that human, environmental and animal health are inseparable (the health of macro- and microalgae and plants too, the regularly forgotten organisms that are so vital to our planet!).

The consensus was that it was a huge, but poorly understood/ integrated, issue with very few mechanisms and tools to measure and account for that value. All panelists agreed that human health is linked to nature health.

Damian Payiatakis (Head of Sustainable & Impact Investing at Barclays Bank Limited) noted a shift on the part of his private banking clients, who since Covid-19 are much more willing to think about their portfolios in relation to climate change,

28 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

AQUACULTURE biodiversity and other natural risks.

To close the session, Sylvie Goulard emphasised the need to respect nature instead of abusing it, the importance of a holistic approach as everything is interconnected, and the need to improve data and Blue Economy literacy to move the financial sector to reallocate portfolios. She called for coordination, coherence and inclusivity, particularly with regard to local and coastal communities.

Conclusion

Having attended six of the twelve editions of the MBI since 2016, I believe that the 2021 edition is the one that shows the greatest evolution in our approach to the ocean paradigm by having successfully brought the finance sector into the equation to find solutions.

The organisers of the MBI should be congratulated for having started to explore these relatively unchartered waters of what should be the role of Blue Finance in managing risks related to biodiversity loss and in financing the sustainable Blue Economy.

This is a significant advancement that will trigger changes in behaviours, in the efforts to align science, policy, corporate and finance sectors.

During the previous MBI edition, held in March 2020, one of the panelists, Adam Miller (Co-Founder and Executive Director of Planet Indonesia) indicated that the then emerging Covid-19 crisis had already revealed the vulnerability of Marine Protected Areas that are not community-led, and locally sustainable, as international staff had been sent home, patrols were no longer active, and tourism had collapsed. Moreover, philanthropic aid soon started to dry up.

By revealing the failure of the Global North to correctly

and fairly involve communities of the Global South in marine resource management, the pandemic is an opportunity to reset a new normal relationship focusing on impactful, inclusive solutions hand-in-hand with coastal communities.

In fact, moving from philanthropic organisations, interested in targeted assistance and the short-term impact of the initial kick-off for a limited period of time, to financing for longterm sustainability partnerships, profitability and resilience, particularly of local coastal communities in developing countries, could be a highly topical move. Capacity-building has to evolve from a short-term donor-recipient relationship to a true long-term, equitable partnership to enable inclusive collaboration as joint ocean custodians.

Blended funds with the right combination of public, philanthropic and finance sources of funding seem to be a model worth developing. Targeted government regulations and incentives (credits, taxes and valuation of ecosystem services) may be necessary to make the reward-to-risk ratio more compelling.

Establishing holistic valuations and exposing the cost of externalities would also be crucial tools to help shift away from short-term focusses, not always solidly based in science, towards a long-term, science evidence-based, value perspective.

The health of the ocean is preoccupying, but the ocean can also be the source of innovative solutions.

To my surprise, seaweeds were mentioned five times during the day, and none were due to me intervening! It is interesting to see seaweeds finally getting their overdue recognition as part of the solutions because of the many applications and products they are involved in and for the ecosystem services they provide to nature and humanity.

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International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 29

SHRIMP

Shrimp probiotic feed - Improving pathogen inhibition

A

by Marc Campet, Asia Aquaculture Business Development Director & Cuong Tran Huynh, Asia Aquaculture Technical Manager, ADM Animal Nutrition

s shrimp farming in the AsiaPacific region becomes more commercialised, biosecurity is increasingly important. This is because new diseases appear regularly under intensive farming conditions where pathogenic pressure is already high, so the aquaculture industry is focused on developing healthy and clean shrimp production methods while being cost effective.

Probiotics in shrimp feed are a promising solution, though not without challenges. Asian producers often add probiotics to the water or feed at the farm level. Not only cost- and labour-intensive, this technique may also cause inconsistent coating and variable probiotic quality.

Some farmers target risky periods of hot weather or bacterial outbreak while others administer probiotics throughout the whole cycle. The level of probiotics can vary, as well as the number of feedings per day. Probiotics are also known to dilute in pond water when hand mixed at the farm gate. Consistency is therefore essential.

Top-coated probiotic feed is available on the market, offering nutrition while potentially reducing pathogens and the need to use antibiotics. For example, ADM has invested in automated technology that applies an industrial coating of live probiotics post-pelleting. This ensures stability (Figure 1), homogeneity and quality of the functional feed product.

Probiotics in feed are applied in spore or asleep form. When exposed in water, the spores wake up and change into active form. ADM’s Ocialis product activates in the shrimp gut from one to three hours (Figure 2), which aligns with shrimp digestion periods.

ADM’s formula combines a strong probiotic strain with a blend of feed additives and ingredients that supports gut microflora to improve gut health, enhance immunity and inhibit pathogen bacteria such as Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi (Table 1). The formulation was developed following over three years of research and development, including in vitro and in vivo trials.

Experimental culture results showed that in ponds with

continuous use of probiotic feed, Vibrio populations in the hepatopancreas were better controlled (Figure 3), and no intestinal diseases such as hepatopancreatic disease and white feces syndrome were present.

The benefits of probiotic feed

At the farm level, shrimp producers can immediately see the benefits of probiotic feed in good hepatopancreas color (Photo 1) and a healthy shrimp gut. Additionally, trials show that probiotics can improve shrimp growth (Figure 4).

As the research demonstrates, probiotics can potentially reduce

Figure 1: Stable bacteria counts (total plate counts) in probiotic feed (ADM’s Vanalis Pro) vs standard feed (control group) under cool and farm conditions at up to six months storage.

Figure 2: Fluctuation of bacterial counts in shrimp gut after exposure in water for 1 hour, 2 hours and 3 hours, in 3 test groups (G4, G5 and G6).

30 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

Figure 3: A reduction of pathogenic green Vibrio colonies was observed in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed probiotic feed compared to standard feed.

pathogens in the shrimp gut. Feedback from Asian farmers has been positive, though greater acceptance of such an innovation will take time and a full vision of product performance.

Probiotics as a functional feed solution can also be applied to fish feed. It’s important to note that aquaculture production is very diverse. To be most effective, functional feeds and services must be customised to the specific industrial and environmental conditions of the local market.

ADM also state that not all products are available in all regions and the company makes no representation or warranty, whether expressed or implied, as to the reliability or completeness of the information.

Table 1: ADM’s formula demonstrates inhibition of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibro harveyi in 5 out The uses and claims should of 6 shrimp test groups across 4 tests. In groups 5 and 6, pathogen inhibition was seen in all 4 tests. be adapted to comply to the current local/regional regulatory environment. This information does not imply any express recommendations for the cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease.

Let your fish and shrimp grow naturally Syrena® Boost – your soFISHticated solution in aquaculture.

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International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 31

SHRIMP

Image courtesy of ©Crevetec

Phytogenic solution for L. vannamei performance

C

by Alex Makol, Global Unit Manager Aquaculture, Delacon Biotechnik GmbH, Austria

rustacean production reached 9.4 million tonnes in 2018, with marine shrimps dominating the production of crustaceans typically farmed in coastal aquaculture. Besides this, they are also an essential source of earnings for several developing countries in Asia and Latin America.

Whiteleg shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) is the most produced species with 4.9 million tonnes, accounting for 52.9 percent of total crustaceans produced.

Compared to finfish production, it is only surpassed by grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) with 5.7 million tonnes. In comparison, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reaches 4.5 million tonnes and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) 2.4 million tonnes (FAO, 2020).

Therefore, we can see the importance of shrimp species in the aquaculture sector, not only in volume but also in value. The prediction is that the overall increase will be 15 percent by 2030 (FAO, 2020).

Optimising shrimp production performance is crucial to the success of the sector. The theory is that with efficient diet formulation, combined with successful health and welfare management, will determine higher production output.

An effective tool to boost shrimp performance

As part of a proactive approach to production health and performance, the use of functional and sustainable additives, such as phytogenics, has proven to be an effective tool to boost shrimp performance.

Two experiments with a new phytogenic formulation in whiteleg shrimp (P. vannamei) were performed to confirm the

Figure 1: Shrimp biological and feed utilisation parameters at the end of the feeding trials. Different letters mean a statistically

32 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

effect on growth performance parameters and feed efficiency.

The first trial (EXP I) was conducted at Minh Phu AquaMekong Co, Ltd in Vietnam.

Six hundred specific pathogen-free (SPF) shrimps with an average initial weight of 1.9±0.26g were randomly divided into three groups in a complete randomised block design (CRD) with four replications for each treatment in 350 L tanks: one control group (basal diet) and two groups receiving Syrena Boost included at 200 & 400 mg/kg of feed, respectively.

All tanks were outfitted with an activated coral filter, aerated, and covered with plastic film to reduce the risk of crosscontamination. Water temperature was 28.2°C, salinity was maintained at 20 ppt, and dissolved oxygen (DO) above 6.5 mg/L. Feeds were produced by cold extrusion. Shrimps were fed on a biomass basis, four meals per day with their respective diet for six weeks.

After six weeks of feeding, shrimp survival did not differ between treatments, being above 80 percent. Shrimp fed wellformulated phytogenic feed additives at both inclusion rates showed an increase in weight gain of 12.5 & 13.3 percent respectively, with an increase in average daily growth (ADG) of 12.9 & 13.5 percent. The Feed conversion ratio (FCR) was similar between diets (Figure 1).

The second trial (EXP II) was conducted in Crevetec, Belgium.

Two hundred and forty shrimps with an average initial weight of 1±0.01g were randomly allocated into three groups in a complete randomised block design (CRD) with four replications for each treatment: a control group (basal diet) and two groups receiving Syrena Boost included at 200 & 400 mg/kg of feed, respectively.

A total of 12 baskets of 20L each received 20 shrimps, with all baskets placed in a larger tank maintained with bioflocs. In

this way, all baskets had the same water quality parameters, a temperature of 25.8°C, salinity kept at 28 ppt, and dissolved oxygen (DO) above 7.2 mg/L. Each basket was equipped with an automatic feeder. Feeds were produced by extrusion, and the feed supplied to each basket was adjusted daily according to the expected growth curve and average weight from the initial sampling and each sampling every two weeks until week six.

After six weeks, shrimp survival did not differ between treatments, being above 94 percent in all treatments. Shrimp fed Syrena Boost at both inclusion rates showed an increase in weight gain of 10.1 & 7.9 percent respectively, being statistically significant (p≤0.1) at the lowest dose. ADG was also improved by 9.7 & 7.9 percent respectively, again being statistically significant (p≤0.1) at the lowest dose. FCR was reduced by 3.7 & 1.7 percent respectively (Figure 1).

A positive effect on growth performance

Both trials showed a clear indication that the inclusion of phytogenic feed additives in whiteleg shrimp diets, at both inclusion levels, positively effects growth performance parameters. These results are very similar to those obtained previously in Nile tilapia (O. niloticus).

These studies indicate the benefits of employing a specific formulation of selected phytogenics in whiteleg shrimp to promote growth performance and optimising feed efficiency, whilst also demonstrating that the farmer can harvest shrimps earlier or even yield larger ones during the same culture period.

All of these results confirm that phytogenic products can enhance the profitability of whiteleg shrimp production in a costeffective way.

International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 33

SHRIMP

Meeting the ingredient gap for shrimp with next generation fermented corn protein

S

by Professor Simon J Davies, Editor of International Aquafeed magazine, Adjunct Professor, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland & Derek Balk and Melissa Jolly-Breithaupt, Poet Nutrition, Sioux Falls, USA hrimp is now established as one of the most consumed seafood products and is of considerable popularity worldwide, with increasing expansion in many countries and regions. It is a significant sector of the lucrative aquaculture industry.

The global shrimp market was US$18.30 billion in 2020 and is projected to be attaining some US$23.4 billion by 2026 with expansion of production in many regions of the world.

Shrimp are available in various species such as L. vannamei, P. monodon, and M. rosenbergii, the giant freshwater prawn.

These are all highly popular in the international market, and many countries are encouraging shrimp production by giving incentives to farmers and offering financial incentives. In order to meet growing demands in Europe and North America, major shrimp producing countries such India, China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, Mexico and Ecuador continue to require a large enough supply to satisfy their strong domestic and export markets.

The need for efficient commercial diets

Like all intensive aquaculture enterprises, the main constraint is the need for efficient commercial diets that can satisfy their stringent nutritional requirements (NRC 2011) and based on a sustainable platform of ingredients that supply key nutrients in a balanced formulation to allow maximum growth and optimum feed efficiency.

Shrimp diets may contain low levels of marine ingredients such as fishmeal and fishery by-products (squid meal, and fish

hydrolysates) but largely comprise of plant ingredients such as soybean meal, corn gluten meal and grains as filler ingredients and energy rich starch sources such as wheat middling fractions and corn, placing added burdens to sustainability of available resources.

There is now much consideration as to the long-term consequences of an expanding global farmed shrimp industry and the sustainable use of soybean meals due to environmental pressures associated with their production in countries like Brazil and increasing deforestation as well as the need for water and nutrients.

This is the main rationale for the controversial fish in: fish out FIFO Ratio for various species as recently refined by Kok et al 2020. Consequently, the aquaculture industry is shifting attention to novel ingredients that can meet the aims and requirements with reduced carbon footprint, greater transparency of the feed supply chain and gaining consumer recognition for meeting the sustainability agenda.

There is considerable potential for grain-based protein concentrates derived from the classical fermentation industries for potable alcohol but more recently co-products originating from the industrial bio-refining sector for ethanol fuel generation from corn and wheat is gaining momentum.

These have been advocated and tested for aquaculture and in formulated diets for carp and tilapia with much success.

Innovative biotechnology platform

A US based company with this intent is POET Nutrition, who are based in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Their innovative biotechnology platform associated with biofuel generation from

34 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

Table 1. Ingredient composition (%) of five experimental diets containing increasing levels of Corn fermented protein CFP, NexPro® (with yeast) as a replacement for fishmeal and soybean meal in practical diets for shrimp (Trial II).

corn has now yielded advanced co-products namely a range of corn fermented proteins combined with yeast and of very high digestible amino acid profile and digestible energy that can be used for both finfish and shrimp.

NexPro® corn fermented protein, results from post-fermentation mechanical separation of the DDG product utilising a patented technology called Maximized Stillage Co-Products. By fractionating the material post-fermentation, enabling the fermentation process to augment separation as well as weaken the cellular wall matrix of the fibrous fractions.

This also allows further concentration of inactive Saccharomyces cerevisae yeast utilised for the production of alcohol. The solution has a superior crude protein (~50 vs ~28%), lower crude fibre levels and improved nutritional composition compared to traditional DDGS. Poet Nutrition have conducted a series of independent trials with various species including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and rainbow trout (Onchorhyncus mykiss), tilapia and shrimp with excellent results. The salmonid work was previously reported in IAF in 2020, 2021.

This article will present trials with L.vannamei to evaluate the performance of NexPro® under classical experimental conditions.

In order to assess its effectiveness, feeding trials undertaken with the principle aim of evaluating the efficacy of a corn fermented protein (CFP) in shrimp, and its viability as a highquality protein source for use in aquafeed formulations.

Our objectives being to characterise the growth performance and feed utilisation metrics for juvenile shrimp and determine

Basal

CFP6

CFP12

CFP18

CFP24

1

Menhaden fishmeal

12.00

9.00

6.00

3.00

0.00

Soybean meal2

52.40

50.20

48.00

45.80

43.60

CFP NexPro®3

0.00

6.00

12.00

18.00

24.00

Menhaden fish oil1

5.27

5.31

5.36

5.41

5.45

Lecithin

4

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Cholesterol5

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

0.05

Corn Starch5

4.68

3.84

2.99

2.14

1.30

Whole wheat

20.00

20.00

20.00

20.00

20.00

Mineral premix7

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

0.50

Vitamin premix8

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

1.80

5

Choline chloride

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

Stay C 35% active9

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

0.10

CaP-dibasic5

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

2.00

6

Omega Protein Inc., Houston, TX, USA. De-hulled solvent extract soybean meal, Bunge Limited, Decatur, AL, USA. Flint Hills Resources, Wichita, KS, USA (now POET Nutrition) 4 Enhanced D-97, The Solae Company, St. Louis, MO, USA. 5 MP Biomedicals Inc., Solon, Ohio, USA 6 Bobs Red Mill, Milwaukie, OR, USA. 7 Trace mineral premix (g/100g premix): Cobalt chloride, 0.004; Cupric sulfate pentahydrate, 0.550; Ferrous sulfate, 2.000; Magnesium sulfate anhydrous, 13.862; Manganese sulfate monohydrate, 0.650; Potassium iodide, 0.067; Sodium selenite, 0.010; Zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 13.193; Alpha-cellulose, 69.664.

8 Vitamin premix (g/kg premix): Thiamin.HCL, 4.95; Riboflavin, 3.83; Pyridoxine.HCL, 4.00; Ca-Pantothenate, 10.00; Nicotinic acid, 10.00; Biotin, 0.50; folic acid, 4.00; Cyanocobalamin, 0.05; Inositol, 25.00; Vitamin A acetate (500,000 IU/g), 0.32; Vitamin D3 (1,000,000 IU/g), 80.00; Menadione, 0.50; Alpha-cellulose, 856.81.

9 Stay C®, (L-ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate 25% Active C), DSM Nutritional Products., Parsippany, NJ, USA. 1 2 3

International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 35

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the optimum practical inclusion level of CFP in typical production type diets for L.vannamei. Sequential growth trials were conducted to evaluate the use of corn fermented protein in practical Pacific white legged shrimp (L. vannamei) feed formulations.

Experimental diets & growth trials

Table 2. Proximate composition of shrimp diet formulations used in trial II Basal

CFP6

CFP12

CFP18

CFP24

Moisture

7.88

8.31

7.97

8.1

8.82

Dry

92.12

91.69

92.03

91.9

91.18

Protein

35.6

35.2

35.5

35.4

35.1

Fat

7.99

8.31

7.98

8.23

8.3

Sequential growth trials were conducted at E. W. Shell Fisheries Research Station in Auburn, AL, USA. The CFP products were obtained from Flint Hills Resources (Wichita, KS, USA) (now POET Nutrition group) A preliminary trial (Trial 1) with 4 diets and a second trial (Trial II) with five experimental diets (Tables 1, 2) were formulated using CFP as a replacement for fishmeal in trial 1 and then a combination of fishmeal and soybean meal in trial II. Proximate composition of the diets was analysed at the University of Missouri Agricultural Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories (Columbia, MO, USA) to AOAC methods (2000) and presented for the respective diet formulations (Tables 1 & 2).

The diets were prepared by blending the dry ingredients in a mixer (Hobart, Troy, OH, USA) for approximately 15 minutes.

Fish oil was then incorporated, followed by the graded addition of boiling water to the mixture until obtaining an appropriate consistency for pelleting. Diets were then be passed through a 2.5-mm die in a meat grinder.

The wet pellets were then placed into a forced air oven (< 50 °C) overnight in order to attain a moisture content of less than 10.

Dry pellets were crumbled, packed in sealed bags, and stored in a freezer until required.

In the first trial, juvenile shrimp (L. vannamei) (1.24 g initial weight) were stocked into replicate aquaria (four replicates allocated randomly per treatment) with 80 L volume each as a component of a recirculating system at a stocking density of 10 shrimp per tank.

The indoor recirculating culture system consisted of culture tanks, sump-tank with biological filter, bead filter, circulation pump and supplemental aeration.

Each experimental diet was randomly assigned to four replicated tanks per treatment. Shrimp were group weighed at the start and end of the growth trial (five weeks). They were fed the experimental diets four times daily with two feedings in the morning and two in the afternoon. Feed inputs were fixed based on historical growth and feed intake, with the amount of feed consumed carefully monitored for calculations of Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) and related metrics such as Thermal Growth Coefficient (TGC) - a parameter of growth incorporating the effects of temperature on metabolism.

of variance to determine significant differences (P < 0.05). The multiple comparison test was used to determine significant differences among treatment means if a significant treatment effect was observed.

A Dunnet T test was utilised to compare the basal with the other treatments. All statistical analyses were carried out using SAS (V9.4. SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA).

Testing a more specific range of inclusion

Results Summary

This study used the same ingredients as in the first trial but tested a more specific narrower range of inclusion to best find the inclusion for optimised performance, so 6, 12, 18 & 24 percent, for example.

The same experimental holding systems and rearing conditions were employed. Again, post larval shrimp were utilised with a smaller initial mean weight of 0.25 g and capacity for higher Thermal Growth Coefficient (TGC).

During the rearing period for both trials I & II, dissolved oxygen (DO), temperature, salinity, and pH was measured twice daily in one of the rearing tanks using a YSI 556 MPS meter (Yellow Spring Instrument Co, Yellow Springs, OH, USA).

Water samples were taken in one of the tanks to determine total ammonia-nitrogen (TAN) on a weekly basis.

All data were statistically analysed using one-way analysis

Fiber

5.6

6

6.5

5.7

7.7

Ash

7.71

7.19

6.55

6.1

5.57

Sulfur

0.39

0.38

0.41

0.42

0.42

Phosphorus

1.31

1.23

1.2

1.12

1.05

Potassium

1.42

1.33

1.33

1.24

1.19

Magnesium

0.22

0.22

0.23

0.23

0.23

Calcium

1.68

1.47

1.25

1.03

0.87

Sodium

0.14

0.11

0.1

0.08

0.06

Iron

230

157

146

122

110

Manganese

69.9

66.7

65.8

61

58.2

Copper

19.1

15.6

18

14.8

13.8

Zinc

290

199

211

233

251

Table 3. (Trial I) Growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei (initial mean weight, 1.24 g) to four experimental diets containing increasing levels of corn protein concentrate with yeast NexPro® as a replacement for fishmeal in practical diets for shrimp over a 7-week culture period.

Treatments

Weight gain (%)

Survival (%)

FCR1

TGC2

225.8

684.8a

76.67

1.61a

0.068a

204.6

644.7ab

73.33

1.72a

0.065a

Final mean Weight (g)

Final biomass (g)

CFP0

9.85a

CFP10

9.24a

CFP20

7.99b

191.4

554.9bc

80.00

2.05b

0.059b

CFP30

7.73b

199.0

519.4c

85.83

2.12b

0.057b

PSE4

0.2739

16.15

22.48

5.6262

0.0677

0.00137

P value

0.0004

0.4990

0.0007

0.4707

0.0004

0.0005

Values are means of four replicates. Means within columns with the same letter are not significant different (P > 0.05) based on analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s Studentised Range.

In the first trial, fishmeal was replaced on an iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic basis with up to 30 percent CFP. Results indicated that up to 20 and 30 percent were feasible levels included in the diet. The full growth performance and feed utilisation data is displayed in Table 3.

In the second trial, 5 diets with a maximum inclusion of 24 percent was evaluated at incremental levels of 0, 6, 12, 18 & 24 percent. In this trial, the lowest level (6% CFP) actually improved growth above the control group.

Albeit, there were no significant differences between the highest of inclusion and the basal diet, but a level of 24 percent was deemed to be maximal under these conditions as validated by the Dunnet T test when compared to the highest inclusion level of CFP to the basal diet fed shrimp (Table 4).

An 18 percent optimal inclusion for NexPro® at a much higher

International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 37

level of inclusion, some nutrient limitations including marginal essential amino acid levels, digestibility difference or the fact fishmeal is at very low levels of the diet become apparent. However, economic advantage remains for the farmer due to savings in overall feed costs.

Sustainability is a major international goal

Table 4. (Trial II) Growth performance data of Litopenaeus vannamei (initial mean weight, 0.25 g) to five experimental diets containing increasing levels of corn protein concentrate with yeast as a replacement for fishmeal and soybean meal in practical diets for shrimp. over a 6-week culture period.

Treatment

Final mean Weight (g)

Final biomass (g)

Weight gain (%)

Survival (%)

FCR1

TGC2

Basal

5.07ab

41.9

1837.7ab

82.5

1.81b

0.089ab

The use of alternative ingredients for replacing CFP6 5.37a 46.8 2065.7a 87.5 1.67b 0.093a fishmeal and soybean meal is now a major CFP12 5.13a 46.2 1854.2ab 90.0 1.74b 0.089a international goal, which is aiming to offset the CFP18 4.60ab 41.5 1776.2ab 90.0 1.94ab 0.086ab environmental and ethical consequences associated CFP24 4.29b 37.6 1593.5b 87.5 2.14a 0.082b with using marine and terrestrial high protein PSE4 0.0913 1.095 42.46 1.854 0.0355 0.0009 concentrates like soybean meal. There have ANOVA P value 0.0054 0.0542 0.0213 0.6153 0.0025 0.0052 been many strategies to use other ingredients in commercial shrimp diets and more recently insect Dunnet T test meal, algae and various single cell proteins (SCP’s) Basal vs CFP6 0.2552 0.1344 0.0770 0.3555 0.1964 0.1459 from microbial and yeasts such as Roy et al. (2009).

Basal vs CFP12 0.8143 0.1852 0.8922 0.1732 0.5535 0.8587 These have been tested in shrimp with good success.

Basal vs CFP18 0.0938 0.9115 0.6159 0.1732 0.2037 0.1920 However, these exotic ingredients have proved Basal vs CFP24 0.0090 0.1852 0.0601 0.3555 0.0047 0.0104 expensive due to supply limitations and high cost of Values are means of four replicates. Means within columns with the same letter are production. They may also have some constraints due not significant different (P > 0.05) based on analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s Studentized Range. to the presence of cell wall structural components and variable nutritional specifications.

The alternatives have included with success coDiet palatability and acceptance can be greatly improved by the products from industrial processes including streams from both addition of attractants in the diet such as clam and squid meal potable and the bioethanol industries and the latter attracting extracts/oils and supplements like glycine-betaine, dried fish much interest for aquaculture diets. solubles–high biogenic amines in the diet to initiate a robust feed Although many studies exist to promote the consideration response. of distillers dried grains and various forms of High Protein DDG and DDGS these commodities are of variable quality for aquaculture and are with wide ranges of protein content and Very effective within optimal margins energy value.

Our results indicate that NexPro® is very effective within They also often have appreciable insoluble fibre content and optimal margins when accommodated within diets for shrimp at therefore may not be fully digested within the fish gastrointestinal the expense of fishmeal and soybean meal whilst maintaining the tract or for shrimp where the gut is short and transit time for balanced protein and lipid levels for L. vannamei. digesta is quite rapid.

It was found that we could include without compromise The present constraint margin for high protein HP-DDGS on performance up to 18-20 percent and significantly reduce inclusion may be partly attributed to the fibre (non-starch soybean and fishmeal components of the diet. Shrimp growth polysaccharides NSP’s) in grain-based products, but also to the performance and feed utilisation parameters were within the reduced levels of cholesterol and phospholipids when fishmeal expected normality for this species and only at 24 percent did we is reduced. These are considered essential for shrimp growth and observe some reduction in growth compared to the control diet health and must be included in diets. groups for both trials.

Also, there are issues concerning overall digestibility and However, the performance of this treatment was cost effective availability of indispensable amino acids and these may become due to the reduced cost of feed and would return a profit margin limiting in higher inclusions of HD-DDGS type products. for the farmer under a grow-out of 100 days to harvest compared There is also a potential palatability issue when fishmeal is to a high fishmeal-based formulation. reduced in formulations and shrimp are particularly sensitive Future work is being directed to optimise the use of the product in respect of the gustatory and olfactory properties of the diet. and extend its inclusion level. Also, there is a need to evaluate These workers studied the capacity of tuna by-product protein potential functional properties on gut health integrity in shrimp hydrolysates (TBPH) to improve the quality and digestibility of under typical farmed conditions.

Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed low fishmeal Investigations will include an examination of its effects on diets. disease resistance based on pathogen challenge tests, survival Many of these factors can be corrected by the use of exogenous and also gut microbial balance and examination of histological enzymes to aid digestion such as proteases, carbohydrases that characteristics of gut and hepato-pancreas s indictors of health better degrade protein and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP’s). status.

The use of phytase can greatly increases P availability in The inclusion of NexPro® already yields cost benefits as the formulated diets in aquatic species and shrimp. price of diet formulation is significantly reduced with 20 percent Indeed, more work is needed to supplement high grain protein inclusion as measured by growth rate and economic FCR. diets with essential amino acids like methionine, lysine and This promises increased profit for the farmer whilst meeting the threonine to raise the barrier to meet the ‘ideal amino acid’ concept important sustainable agenda and contributing to the reduction known to be important in attaining maximum performance and of marine and terrestrial proteins by filling the emerging ‘protein comply with requirements for protein accretion in key tissues, gap’ in global aquaculture production. organs such as muscle during intensive growth phases.

References are available on request 38 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

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Novel feeds for rainbow trout

D

The partial substitution of fishmeal with insects

by Federico Melenchón Ramírez, Agro-Technological Institute of Castilla y León, Segovia, Spain

ue to the facts that fish need high amounts of protein to meet their nutritional requirements, that a high proportion of this protein has been traditionally satisfied with the use of fishmeal (an ingredient that usually comes from extractive fishing practices), and that aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food industries, it is easy to draw a line that links all of these points together.

Indeed, during the last few decades, aquaculture has been facing a big sustainability problem due to the overexploitation of sea resources, motivated by this dependence on fishmeal. In this way, both research and industry have invested great effort in the development of alternatives to this ingredient.

There are several factors to have in mind among these alternatives. For example, some of the most known of them, such as soybean meal, have a vegetable origin, and many vegetable ingredients are known to produce undesired effects in fish gut.

However, there are others like insectmeals that have a promising future due to the advantages they show. It is known that insects can grow and reproduce quickly, that they can feed on several different substrates, and that they require very little energy and space investments for their production, making them a very interesting choice when it comes to thinking on sustainable alternatives.

Furthermore, it seems that insects could be considered functional ingredients as well, since several studies have proven that the inclusion of insects in fish feed may be involved in the stimulation of the immunological response and/or the enhancement of the antioxidant system, ultimately related to animal welfare.

These last points, however, still remain in a thin layer of uncertainty; even though it is usually said that chitin, a natural component of the exoskeleton of insects, could be the main element responsible for these body function enhancements, the

truth is that the real mechanisms are still unknown, so more research is needed on the matter.

The partial substitution of fishmeal with insect meals

The Agro-technological Institute of Castilla y León (Spain), within the INSECTMEAL project, has been working on three experiments that involved the partial substitution of fishmeal with insect meals for diets of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

The first experiment, carried out on early stages of fish, had the objective of testing the viability of two insect meals (black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, and yellow mealworm, Tenebrio molitor) at two inclusion levels (5 and 10%).

As main conclusions, the experiment followed the line of the current literature suggesting that small inclusions of insect meals do not impair rainbow trout growth, and that insect meals tend to enhance the previously mentioned: immunological response and antioxidant status.

It was also highlighted that the intrinsic composition of insects, which are low on ω-3 fatty acids, tends to decrease the amount of these same ω-3 fatty acids in fish fillets. However, even after this decrease, the ω-3/ω-6 ratio (still higher than 1.0) seems to be enough to consider the fillets as healthy for human consumption.

The second of these experiments acted as an extension of the previous one. Being also carried out on early stages of fish, the inclusion of insect meals was forced a little bit further (up to 18% of the feed formulation).

In this case, and even though all fish had similar daily feed intakes, the control diet and the one with yellow mealworm showed quite similar results for growth performance and protein use, while the black soldier fly treatment left lower numbers.

Also, a histomorphology analysis highlighted an overall better status of the distal intestine microvilli on control and yellow mealworm treatments, while fish fed with black soldier fly showed shorter microvilli.

Put together, these results make sense due to the fact that longer microvilli lead to a higher absorption surface in the distal intestine, and a higher absorption surface would lead to a higher

40 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

digestibility, since there would be more contact with the digested feed.

Yellow mealworm could be a better option

This does not mean that black soldier fly is a ‘bad’ alternative to feed rainbow trout, since all growth and protein use parameters were still within reasonable numbers. However, a big part of the current scientific literature supports the idea that yellow mealworm could be a better option for a partial replacement of fishmeal when it comes to feeding rainbow trout.

Last but not least, the third experiment, carried out on late stages of rainbow trout (grown up to 420 g), only tested different combinations of yellow mealworm. One of the experimental diets used defatted insect meal to reduce the involvement of insect fat, while other two diets had different levels of an experimental algal oil rich on ω-3 fatty acids.

The main objectives of this experiment were to try and solve the problem with ω-3 fatty acids highlighted in the first experiment through different strategies, and to evaluate the viability of the fish fillet.

The first part is still a work in progress, and we expect to get interesting results in future trials. The second part, however,

already dropped some data through both raw and cooked fillet analyses. No significant differences were found on either instrumental or sensorial tests, which is a very positive conclusion; it reinforces the idea that yellow mealworm does not modify the organoleptic characteristics of rainbow trout.

Encouraging further research

Going further on this topic, we would like to take advantage of this opportunity and talk briefly about other preliminary results of the third experiment of the Insectmeal project. A similar situation to the previous experiences was described in this case, with almost no changes on growth, protein use, or distal intestine health.

It is known that evolutionary mechanisms tend to compensate the least digestible feeding habits (typically, the case of herbivorous animals) with longer digestive tracts. In this way, we wanted to test the possible adaptability of the digestive tract inside a single species.

The results were very vague on this topic, but we could spot one coincidence between a lower intestine-somatic index, and a diet with a higher protein digestibility, all within a general and very slight tendency that matches this.

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International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 41

The truth is that the current literature does not give much information on this precise topic.

That said, considering that viscera is a considerable proportion of the fish weight (around 10-15% of wet weight depending on the species), we would like to drop this idea to encourage more research on the matter.

Taking some additional measures during a typical sampling such as intestine length and weight is not too time-consuming, and if it helps to create a link between feed digestibility and the length/weight of the intestine, it would be worth the while.

The findings of this study in five key points

An addition of T. molitor or H. illucens, up to a 10 percent of the formulation to a balanced rainbow trout diet does not impair growth.

An addition of H. illucens up to 18 percent seems to go over the limit for this ingredient, possibly due to a slight damage on intestine microvilli. However, the addition of T. molitor can reach these numbers without growth problems.

Insectmeals seem to enhance the immunological and antioxidant responses of rainbow trout, but the mechanisms that cause this still remain uncertain.

The fatty acid composition of insectmeals tends to be reflected on the composition of the fillet.

The organoleptic characteristics of rainbow trout fillets fed with diets based on T. molitor are unaffected.

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Tech update

From shipwreck to christening – meet AQS Tor at Aqua Nor!

Early this spring, dramatic images from the wrecked cargo ship “Eemslift Hendrika” filled news channels when the brand-new service boat AQS Tor’s deck was torn off.

However, the service boat miraculously survived the drama and will be exhibited and christened at Aqua Nor in Trondheim this year.

The unveiling will be open to all participants during this year’s exhibition, with the event also broadcast on the digital trade fair platform.

“The christening will take place at 4:00 pm on Wednesday during Mass – that is, August 25. It will be a public ceremony that all participants at Aqua Nor can attend. In addition, the boat will be open to visitors who want to have a closer look at it,” says Kristian Hjertvik, technical manager at AQS hopes that the presence of the boat will inspire others who have followed this story since the accident to take a closer look at the aquaculture industry.

“Right now, we are just waiting for a few parts, then the boat is ready to be put into operation. AQS Tor will be an excellent service boat for the aquaculture industry, in addition to being equipped with ROV – and can thus be used for other assignments such as control of submarine cables and pipelines,” Mr Hjertvik concludes. https://aquanor.no/en/2021/07/01/from-shipwreck-to-christening-meet-aqs-tor-at-aqua-nor/ 45|August2021-InternationalAquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

IoT solution for silos

Connecting animal and fish feed storage silos across the globe

Cited by the company as being a non-intrusive solution to support the agrifood sector, the new Nanolike IoT solution for silos consists of a fill level sensor that can be mounted at the base of one of the silo legs.

Easy and quick to install in less than 30 minutes, the sensor uses a strain gauge to measure microscopic deformations of the silo leg in relation to the amount of remaining animal or fish feed. With a variance from five to 10 percent, Nanolike provides a reliable, easy-to-use and low-cost silo fill level monitoring solution.

The data measured by the sensor is transferred via low-power IoT network, processed by algorithms developed in-house and then made available on the Nanolike web platform and mobile application.

This innovative sensor solution provides real-time access to fill levels and stock forecasts for the next four days along with the ability to place orders with just a few clicks.

In addition, automatic alerts via smartphone can be set up to warn farmers several days before one of their silos is empty. The cooperative or the feed manufacturer can also monitor all the connected silos via a web platform and use the data to anticipate the needs of customers.

As an additional bonus, the mobile phone app can also be used stand-alone. By creating virtual silos without the actual sensors installed, farmers can order fish or animal feed from their smartphone via a simple and effective tool that improves the customer-supplier relationship.

Digital measurement technologies

Nanolike is an international company specialising in innovative digital measurement technologies for supply chain optimisation. The company’s digitised fill level monitoring solutions enable the automation of supply chains for gaseous, liquid or free-flowing materials that are transported or stored in IBCs, silos or tanks.

The team is made up of mechanical sensor technology experts as well as software and IA developers, who are supported by an experienced management team. Since its foundation in 2012, Nanolike has been expanding rapidly and today has projects in Europe, North America and Asia.

Prime target markets are agricultural, food, and chemical industries. Nanolike has won several innovation awards, is an active member of the IoT Valley in Labège (France), and was granted €2 million (US$2.37 million) by the European Innovation Council in 2019.

A pioneer in smart silo technology, Nanolike is increasing its foothold in the UK by strengthening sales of its new, simple and ergonomic stock management and ordering tool to agricultural cooperatives and livestock farmers across the British Isles.

Anticipating the needs of their customers

Based in the French high-tech region Toulouse, Nanolike developed the IoT solution for silos at the instigation of two key players in the French agrifood sector, Cooperl and Even, who were looking

46 | August 2021 - Fish Farming Technology

for a way to anticipate customer needs and streamline their logistics processes while reducing 2 emissions by optimising delivery routes.

Following the award of a €2 million (US$2.37 million) grant from the European Union in 2018 and spurred by its success on a national scale, Nanolike decided to strengthen its presence in one of the key animal feed markets in Europe and opened a new entity in Munich (Germany).

Hand in hand with this investment, the company also expanded its sales force with a multilingual team to meet the demands and needs of customers across Europe with local language support.

After signing multiple contracts with food suppliers and agricultural cooperatives in Germany, Spain, Italy and Scandinavia, Nanolike is now widening its discussions with customers in the UK. Although the UK market is already highly-connected, the Nanolike IoT solution is attracting growing interest from local food suppliers because of its disruptive character.

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Humane fish farm predator deterrents Using artificial intelligence to provide long-term effectiveness and high animal welfare standards

by Ace Aquatec, Scotland Fish farming has come under immense pressure in recent times due to a lack of familiarity with the industry, misinformation, and even headline grabbing documentaries.

In this article, we would like to challenge this narrative, because when done correctly, aquaculture can not only be a sustainable way to meet the growing needs of a burgeoning population, it can also be beneficial to the local communities and ocean health in general.

Ace Aquatec has spent many years on research and development to help farmers adopt responsible marine solutions.

It is continuously seeking out and developing the best science and technological innovations to bring to the marine world, while keeping its focus on local partnerships and personal customised solutions.

Alternative to barrier acoustic deterrent devices (ADDs)

In 2001 John Ace-Hopkins developed a completely new method to keep seals from fish farms: the A.N.S.S. stood for All New Silent Scrammer, and it represented a completely radical departure from all previous deterrents that had come before it.

It emerged from an all too familiar debate that started in Canada and USA and made its way across the Atlantic. Infamous acoustic barrier systems were creating continuous noise at volumes capable of causing hearing impairment, which were also potentially disrupting marine wildlife that was not the intended target.

John Ace Hopkins was a polymath with a degree in animal biology and a good background in engineering. His solution to the cycle of predation was to explore three novel concepts, in an all-new approach to seal attacks of fish farm cages: Focus on the ‘quality’ not quantity of sound. When discretely produced, a brief, low average volume pulse was capable of eliciting a startle reflex. Uniquely, it became more effective the less it was heard.

Conditioned avoidance - he manipulated seal behaviour by creating low volume pre-tones before the startle sound.

Triggering devices - by responding only to predation, he created more effective targeted sounds which caused seals to avoid an area.

Ace Aquatec has remained true to this philosophy ever since,

and it has gone on to introduce some state-of-the-art hardware improvements that have perfected the ASR (acoustic startle response) and ESR (electric startle response) deterrent approach.

In 2012 it began work on a lower frequency (pitched) device which would not be in the hearing range of porpoises but could be heard by seals. This provided us with two systems, the RT1 which was low pitched (0.8-5khz), and the US3 which was mid pitched (8-11khz).

The minimal startle sound creates a deterrent which is effective over the long term without harming animal hearing; something that incumbent technology couldn’t achieve. The company has pioneered ASR (acoustic startle response) deterrents that work by changing behaviour rather than by building an acoustic barrier (the old style ADDs), and our US3 and RT1 acoustic models were recognised, with a SAIC award for innovation for providing a step forward in both welfare and efficiency compared to traditional acoustic devices.

Ace Aquatec’s ASR devices, which meet the requirements from Marine Scotland for modulated frequencies and low average volumes and can be deployed without EPS licences, are clearly audible to target species, such as seals, but are less audible to protected cetaceans.

The three key elements of the Ace conditioning signal are the low duty cycle (on/off periods), the low average volume (less energy output) and the low frequency (pitch).

The recent advances in acoustic technology embraced by Ace Aquatec enable farms to take a blended approach to predator control. The most successful safeguards against predation will be a combination of new generation acoustics, reinforced antipredator netting, and good farming practices.

When taken together, such measures will ensure that farms, fish and other marine mammals all thrive within the new regulatory framework.

Triggering the flight reflex

The acoustic startle reflex is a well-studied phenomenon, which John Ace-Hopkins and Gavin Haywood first suggested should be explored for seal mitigation back in 1996 in Management of Seal Predation, at the Scottish Aquaculture Conference. First explored in rats (Moyer 1963; Fleshler 1965; and Pilz and Schnitzler 1996) the startle reflex was provoked by a precisely defined onset and peak in sound, and voltage gradient in electric field experiments.

48 | August 2021 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY The latter work was continued by Dr David Thompon and Dr Jeffrey Lines at SMRU and was adapted into Ace’s electric startle systems. Ace Aquatec have gone on to develop patented ESR (electric startle response) nets, decoy/mort fish, and surface E-fences for our customers.

Working together as a single mitigation system, the acoustic and electric startle systems provide a single learning event which causes seals to avoid foraging for food around a farm’s cages. This technology was a runner up at the Marine Scotland Welfare awards in 2017 and Compassion in World farming has added a case study on Ace Aquatec’s complete deterrent solution, in order to showcase the significant advances in animal welfare and huge reductions in fish mortality as well as impact on non-target species.

The Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) prompted many fish farms to take a closer look at what measures they’re taking to reduce impact on their local marine environment, and Ace Aquatec’s solution provide an environmentally responsible approach to reducing seal interactions on farms without negatively impacting the seals or the surrounding wildlife.

Identify predators using artificial intelligence

Based on more than 20 years of research, Ace Aquatec’s deterrents now combine acoustic and electric systems, with machine learning day and night vision camera triggers in order to provide long-term effectiveness and high animal welfare standards.

The thermal imaging camera combined with artificial intelligence (AI) automatically triggers the company’s deterrents when a seal or sea lion is approaching, meaning the system only activates when needed, while avoiding an event if a non-target species is detected.

This software also includes an automatic ramp down period after every activation and an intelligent awareness of other systems in operation, which reduces duty cycle or total average transmission volume.

The benefit of this thermal camera triggered automation is a significant reduction in the amount of sound being produced by each farm site, without exposing fish to a higher risk of predator attacks.

Minimising environmental impact

In addition to providing a low frequency option the company saw another two opportunities to improve our environmental impact: Opportunity #1: reduce how often its deterrents are active.

Opportunity #2: reduce acoustic energy output when the deterrents are active.

The benefit of this AI camera triggered automation is a significant reduction in the amount of sound being produced by each farm site and more importantly, this is done without exposing their fish to a higher risk of predator attacks.

The outcome of achieving this project’s goal was a decision to programme Ace Aquatec’s deterrents to operate intelligently with awareness of each other rather. This means that in future if there is more than one deterrent installed at a farm site, they will be able to act as a coordinated group.

The company’s roadmap for the years going forward include continued investment into research and development and expand these findings into several global key markets.

We’re seeing a growing demand across the globe for more ethical and sustainable methods of fishing and believe our latest technology developments will help ease this transition.

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TECHNOLOGY SH Innovations this month August 2021 This month’s Fish Farming Technology Showcase features products from companies exhibiting at Aqua Nor 2021.

Taking place August 24-27, 2021 in the Norwegian city of Trondheim, this year’s show will also be available in an expanded digital capacity online.

For further information, please visit: www.aquanor.no/en/

U Safe self-propelled & remotecontrolled lifebuoy U Safe from Noras Global SA is a marine rescue device that is designed to save lives and for use by professionals and first responders. Its efficiency relies on the simplistic design, portability, speed, intuitive control and reliability.

Having been exhaustively tested in remote and unreachable locations for other rescue means, it is a powerful resource to any search and rescue operation.

With dimensions of 95.6cm x 78cm x 25.5cm and weighing 13.7kg, it is capable of reaching speeds of 15km/h (cruise speed – 7,5km/h).

U Safe is auto propelled and remote controlled, with a dual turbine system that keeps it moving towards the target, even if overturned by waves.

Its waterproof remote control is highly accurate, intuitive, and designed specifically to be operated by one hand only, allowing for ease of use in any condition.

Visibility in the dark is possible due to an embedded LED system consisting of flashing strobe lights. usafe-oceania.com

SmartFlow by VAKI The main benefit of this equipment is the ability to monitor, control and optimise the balance of live fish and water into a fish handling system at the outset when moving fish for transport, counting, grading or vaccination.

The density control feature maintains a consistent and pre-set ratio of live fish and water during the fish handling process. The regulator thins out the volume of the flow of fish in the pipeline surpasses a certain density, eliminating overcrowding.

If an equal biomass distribution is preferred between all categories, the counter will adjust the grader so that the category such small fish, receives the largest number of fish.

This system also allows customers to gather and store information about all measured fish for easy comparisons of size and number.

This technology can be controlled and fine-tuned using SmartFlow in order to achieve high levels of efficiency and accuracy. https://vakiiceland.is/smart-flow-system/

Do you have a product that you would like to see in our pages?

Send products for consideration to editorial@perendale.co.uk

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

fishfarmingtechnology.net

Aquasense from SeaRAS Aquasense is an instrument that measures all relevant water parameters in real-time. The wireless and mobile units give a simple, flexible and reliable system for achieving full knowledge of the water in any part of the RAS. Data is communicated using open standards for easy exchange with other systems.

When starting up a new RAS system, Aquasense can be used in different positions along the water flow. This will map the change in water as it flows through the recirculation loop. A complete mass balance can be made of CO2 and H2S production/degassing and O2 production/consumption.

This facility will enable you to tune the system to optimal performance and give instant knowledge about it that would otherwise have taken years to obtain.

The system can then be operated based on real time water quality parameters, whilst large variations in CO2 can be avoided. searas.site/searas-aquasense

50 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

HOWCASE

STRONG ENOUGH TO FACE EVERYTHING!

2018 Winner: Liegruppen and Salt Ship Design AS Described as a high-tech, cost-effective and environmentally friendly fishing vessel, this ship was the first with a main engine operating 95 percent on cooled natural gas.

The innovative on board diesel and fuel systems for natural gas, enable it to make longer trips, with further peace of mind ensured with a hybrid battery system also installed, which can support certain operations such as powering the crane, on its own.

This reduces total fuel consumption by about fifteen percent, whilst NOx emissions are reduced by around 80 percent and CO2 emissions by 24 percent.

Turbines in the tanks that counteract the ship’s pitch and roll movements can also generate energy that is stored in batteries.

The unconventional design of the ship sees the superstructure moved forward with a covered deck and screen boxes.

This is not only done to make the ship appear properly designwise, but also for optimal weight distribution and to reduce sea movements. www.nor-fishing.no

Leiber® Beta-S – β-glucans for: Improvement of the cellular & humoral defence mechanisms

2019 Winner: CleanTreat by Benchmark CleanTreat is a purification system that cleanses the treatment water after delousing in well boats, ensuring the water is cleaned of all medicated particles before it is released into the environment. It also prevents treated lice from going back into the environment so that they do not spread resistance.

CleanTreat can be used on well boats, tankers, platforms and landbases and is effective against most available bath treatments for sea lice.

Chemical based bath treatments that are released into the environment is one of the biggest objections to the salmon farming industry. CleanTreat can help to solve this environmental challenge.

CleanTreat is part of a toolbox of solutions and the aquaculture industry needs many different solutions to keep lice levels low.

CleanTreat makes it possible to use medicines without affecting the environment in situations where it is necessary and until we have adequate preventive methods. www.benchmarkplc.com

Support of immunological competence in larval & juvenile stages Improvement of feed conversion

leibergmbh.de

International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 51

CS The Aquaculture case study

The European lobster Using farmed produce to improve wild stocks

by Daniel Casbon, Alex H L Wan, Simon J Davies & Finnian Hartnett, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland

The European lobster (Homarus gammarus) is a species of clawed lobster that is native to the Eastern Atlantic Ocean, as well as the Mediterranean and Black seas. Adults can typically found up to depths of 150m and reside on hard substrates, particularly on rough and rocky grounds. These lobsters can typically live up to 60 years, with an average life span being over 30 years for males and over 50 years for females.

Female lobsters become fertile after they have reached a carapace length of >120 mm. For this species, it displays an “r-selection” life strategy, where females produce large clutches of eggs, up to 40,000 per breeding period depending on size and age.

However, estimations predict that only 1:20,000 of the offspring cohort survive and reach the juvenile stage. Eggs are held externally, attached to the female’s abdomen, where they develop before hatching. The eggs will normally hatch into larvae after 9-11 months of post-fertilisation.

Shortly after hatching, the larvae become buoyant and float to the surface where they undergo three significant developmental/ morphological changes. Known as zoea stages, these typically last from six to eight weeks.

After developing past zoea stage 3, the larvae will descend to the seabed and adopt a benthic lifestyle to minimise predation risk in crevices and reefs, where the lobsters will develop into adulthood.

Current supply of lobsters to the seafood market

The European lobster is a high-value seafood species, with commercial fishing operations being undertaken throughout the species geographic range. The setting of “pots” is the most typical and is the most successful fishing method.

However, other fishing techniques such as trammel nets and dredging are also used. Recent reports suggest, there has been significant growth in wild global capture in European lobsters over the last two decades (>220%), with an annual production now exceeding 4700 tonnes.

The main lobster fisheries of European lobsters are in United Kingdom, Ireland and France. Although, the largest lobster consuming markets are in southern EU states such as France, Spain, and Italy.

However, unlike the North American cousin species (Homarus americanus), the European lobster wild stocks are vulnerable to over-exploitation, which raises concerns over whether future increases in consumer demand could be met.

As such, this gives scope for potential intervention in the form of wild stock enhancements and farming to near market size.

Nutritional requirement

Lobster larvae are typically fed with two species of live phytoplankton (Chatocerous muleri and Isochrysis galbana)and enriched artemia. Previous studies have shown that enriched Artemia can be critical in the early stages of larval development.

For instance, a trial using 5 Artemia mL showed an increase in growth performance 72 hr post-hatching, compared to smaller -1

concentrations of artemia. Although, recent work has shown that the larvae could be fed with formulated dry feeds that can also increase survival rates and reduce cannibalism incidences.

For settled juvenile lobsters, they are omnivorous and tend to feed nocturnally. When reared artificially, the lobsters are typically fed with a range of live foods, such as chopped fish and shellfish.

However, this can be costly, laboursome, and limit the lobster’s nutritional intake potential. As such, formulated diets are needed for large scale rearing in research and in commercial farming.

The specific nutritional requirements of European lobsters are under-researched. However, reports have shown a progressive growth rate when protein levels have consisted of 40-45 percent, anything below this will result in lower performances and a smaller specific dynamic action response. Whilst wild sampled lobster have shown that eicosapentaenoic acid (7.7%) and docosahexaenoic acid (18%) are the two dominant fatty acids.

Similarly, essential amino acids also play a vital role in animal growth, supporting moulting, and improving the rate of protein

52 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

CS synthesis. In particular, amino acids profiling in wild lobster gonads showed there was elevated valine, threonine, leucine, arginine, lysine and isoleucine concentrations. This suggests that diets for hatchery brood stock may require enrichment with these amino .

Commercial production of the European lobster

Hatcheries are considered a useful tool in the management of wild fisheries by facilitating stock enhancement through raising the survival rate during the larval stages and releasing the settled

juveniles back into the wild with higher chances of survival.

Typically, hatcheries receive berried female lobsters from fisherman as it is less time consuming and more cost-effective.

Female lobsters can be left to hatch naturally on their own and are sometimes starved for a couple of weeks before hatching to ensure waste products do not contaminate the water. As well as this, some hatcheries bathe the females in iodine, 24 hours before hatching, to remove external parasites and potential pathogens which may pose a risk to larvae.

The post-hatching, offspring are collected and reared communally in incubation tanks, providing aeration and a high water turnover to help prevent premature settlement, biofouling and maintaining optimal water quality. European lobsters have a higher survival rate (10-15%) when reared in hatcheries due to the amount of available feed, reduced predation, accelerated metamorphism and controllable water quality and parameters.

Certain stages can be time altered by increasing temperature or photoperiod, this allows eggs to develop at a faster rate.

The positive effect that commercial hatcheries can have on wild populations is significant and further research into the precise nutritional requirements of European lobster is required in order to improve hatchery efficiency and output. Furthermore, a better understanding of lobster husbandry will allow for increased survival and growth rates in hatcheries.

Creating a sustainable farm

There are significant knowledge gaps on the nutritional requirements of the early stages (larvae and juvenile) of European lobsters. There are multiple diets available for lobsters, however, the optimal nutritional intake is unknown, suggesting that these diets could not be meeting the demand of the lobster.

LET’S GROW TOGETHER

Meet us at

AQUA NOR 2021 24 - 27 AUGUST

HALL D Pavilion of Denmark STAND 375 Danish Export Association

WWW.ALLER-AQUA.COM International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 53

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CS When a standard fishmeal inclusion was replaced with a byproduct from the shrimp processing industry, results showed that lobsters fed with either a wet shrimp or freeze-dried shrimp diet both showed improved performance, in terms of growth and development parameters, as the intermoult period was significantly shorter and the specific growth rate was significantly higher when compared to the reference fishmeal diet.

The authors found that lobsters fed a shrimp feed-based diet containing 63% shrimp meal and 6% fishmeal, had a higher increase of body weight per day (3.67 ± 0.22) and specific growth rate (SGR, 2.30 ± 0.12), compared to a fishmeal-based diet with the percent growth/day being (3.06 ± 0.24) and an SGR of (2.01 ± 0.12). This was also confirmed through a wet shrimp reference diet, having an SGR of (2.49 ± 0.09) and percent growth/day of (4.09 ± 0.20).

There has been much difficulty in formulating a pelleted feed that contains all essential amino acids required by juvenile and adult lobsters alike, with no pelleted feed being able to yield the same growth as fresh or live feed to date. However, a formulated pelleted feed can be known to positively affect the thickness of a lobster’s exoskeleton, increasing significantly with each ecdysis.

In particular, micronutrients such as astaxanthin, trace metals, vitamins, and glucosamine. Astaxanthin helps aid in colouration and glucosamine can be found in lobster shells. Studies suggest these functional ingredients have the potential to increase growth, lower moult death syndrome (MDS), and improve dietary carotenoids.

Another issue that is currently inhibiting the development of the industry is the cost associated with farming European lobsters in land-based hatcheries. A recent project at the Marine Institute of Ireland’s Lehanagh Pool test sea cage facilities (west coast of

Ireland), has validated the potential of farming Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with lumpfish (Cyclopertus lumpus), and European lobsters as an integrated multitrophic aquaculture system.

This kind of rearing system could increase the economic potential of European lobster aquaculture through reduced operating costs when compared to the running of a large-scale land-based hatchery including electricity, cost of land, running expenditure and capital equipment.

The current price of European lobster is ~£10,000 tonne-1 which is most likely not substantial enough to cover the expenses of the egg rearing stage (~10-11 months). However, recent advances in recirculating aquaculture system technologies such as tank designs, hides, more economical water treatment facilities, and better feed designs have allowed new sustainable on-land lobster production business models to appear in Europe.

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Industry Events

22-24 VIV MEA 2021 Abu Dabai, UAE www.vivmea.nl

Status updates for industry events amidst global effects of COVID-19 2021

August

14-17 SPACE 2021 Rennes, France http://uk.space.fr

2-7 Indo Livestock 2021 Virtual event online www.indolivestock.com

2021

5-8 World Aquaculture 2020 Singapore www.was.org

15-17 VIV Qingdao 2021 Qingdao, China www.vivchina.nl 22-23 Aquaculture New Zealand Blenheim, New Zealand www.aquaculture.org.nz

December

11-14 Aquaculture Africa 2021 Alexandria, Egypt www.was.org 2022

January 12-14 Victam Asia Bangkok, Thailand www.victam.com

22-24 VIV Asia 2021 Bangkok, Thailand www.vivasia.nl 26–29 WAS North America & Aquaculture Canada 2021 St John’s, Newfoundland, Canada www.was.org POSTPONED TO 15-18 AUGUST, 2022 2021

5-8 Aquaculture Europe 2021 Madeira, Portugal www.aquaeas.org

11-14 Aquaculture America 2021 San Antonio, Texas, USA www.was.org

13-15 Vietstock 2021 Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam www.vietstock.org

24-26 Livestock Malaysia 2021 Malacca, Malaysia www.livestockmalaysia.com POSTPONED TO 10-12 AUGUST 2022 24-27 Aqua Nor 2021 Trondheim, Norway www.aquanor.no 26-28 Hanoi Livestock 2021 Hanoi, Vietnam www.hanoilivestock.com POSTPONED TO 18-20 FEBRUARY 2022 2021

September Starting September 4th OMS Aquafeed Production School www.onlinemillingschool.com

October

20-22 Lanka Livestock 2021 Colombo, Sri Lanka www.lankalivestock.com 2021

aqfeed.info/e/1024 2022

16-17 Aquafarm 2022 Pordenone, Italy www.aquafarm.show 2022

11-13 Livestock Taiwan 2021 Taipei, Taiwan www.livestocktaiwan.com

24-26 Aquafuture Spain 2022 Santiago De Compostela, Spain http://en.aquafuturespain.com

7-9 AlgaEurope 2021 Europe www. algaeurope.org

2-4 Taiwan International Fisheries and Seafood Show 2021 Taiwan www.taiwanfishery.com

30-31 RASTECH 2022 Hilton Head Island, USA www.ras-tec.com 2022

April 26-28 Seafood Expo Global/Seafood Processing Global 28th Edition Barcelona, Spain www.seafoodexpo.com

2022

7-10 Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2021 Surabaya, Indonesia www.was-apc.org

March TBC ILDEX Vietnam 2021 Vietnam www.ildex-vietnam.com

November

8-12 World Aquaculture 2021 Mérida, Mexico www.was.org

February

May 3-5 Aquaculture UK 2022 Aviemore, Scotland https://aquacultureuk.com

☑ See The International Aquafeed team at this event 56 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

DA NEW TE S

World Aquaculture 2020

NEXT GENERATION AQUACULTURE INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABILITY WILL FEED THE WORLD

December 5-8, 2021

Singapore EXPO Convention & Exhibition Centre and MAX Atria

November 8-12, 2021

The Annual International Conference & Exposition of World Aquaculture Society

Mérida, Mexico Centro International de Congresos de Yucatán, CIC

Asian Pacific Aquaculture 2020 – Annual Meeting of Asian Pacific Chapter, WAS Hosted by Singapore Food Agency

Annual global meeting of the World Aquaculture Society

Conference Sponsors Temasek Polytechnic, Nanyang Technological University National University of Singapore, James Cook University Republic Polytechnic 3rd International Symposium on Perch and Bass WAS Premier Sponsors

WA2020 Partner

@Wa2020

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Associate Sponsors Aquaculture Engineering Society International Association of Aquaculture Economics & Management WorldFish

Aquaculture 2022 Come one, Come all for Aquaculture Large and Small

February 28 - March 4, 2022 Sustainable Aquaculture – Feeding Africa

Town and Country Resort & Conference Center San Diego, California

AQUACULTURE AFRICA 2021 Alexandria Egypt • December 11-14, 2021 The 1st Annual International Conference & Exposition of the African Chapter of the World Aquaculture Society (AFRAQ2021) Egypt is the biggest aquaculture producer in the continent. Both local and international aquaculture delegates will converge for the event at the beautiful City of Alexandria, the Pride of the Mediterranean Sea.

CO-SPONSORS

Hosted by

Conference Management Exhibits & Sponsors WAS - African Chapter worldaqua@was.org Mario Stael Blessing Mapfumo Chapter Founding Gold Sponsor Conference Sponsor and www.was.org mario@marevent.com africanchapter@was.org Egyptian Aquaculture Society (EgAS) AFRAQ 2021 Gold Sponsor

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ASSOCIATE SPONSORS Aquacultural Engineering Society Aquaculture Association of Canada Aquaculture Feed Industry Association California Aquaculture Association Catfish Farmers of America Global Aquaculture Alliance

International Association of Aquaculture Economics and Management Latin America & Caribbean Chapter WA US Trout Farmers Association World Aquatic Veterinary Medical Association Zebrafish Husbandry Association

For More Information Contact:

Conference Manager | P.O. Box 2302 | Valley Center, CA 92082 USA Tel: +1.760.751.5005 | Fax: +1.760.751.5003 | Email: worldaqua@aol.com | www.was.org Trade Show Contact: mario@marevent.com

Industry Events

Workshop on Novel ingredients Organised by GAIN project with support from H2020 projects PerformFish, AquaImpact, MEDAID, AquaVitae, NewTechAqua, and project Sushin, the purpose of this Workshop is to present and discuss novel developments of knowledge on novel fish feeds that support eco-intensification of the European aquaculture industry.

This workshop also provides training to professional, including aspects of value creation and sustainable use of by-products and side streams from aquaculture, fisheries and agro-industries.

The course is designed specifically for professionals in the aquafeed value chain including junior and senior staff involved in R&D, formulation and technical support, and those employed at research institutions including lecturers, researchers, PhD students and postdocs - throughout the enlarged European Union and beyond.

Programme

21 September 2021- Online, 9.30 – 12.30 CEST Part 1: Introduction – what are sustainable aquafeeds?

Part 2: Novel ingredients – Strengths and Weaknesses Yeast and bacterial proteins, PAPs from agroindustry byproducts, By-products from aquaculture, Micro and macro-algae, Mineral and Vitamin sources, Challenges for a sustainable supply 22 September 2021- Online, 9.30 – 12.30 CEST Part 3: Alternative fish feed formulations – Results for the industry Results from projects GAIN, PerformFish, AquaImpact, MEDAID and Sushin.

Part 4: Novel tools to assess feed performance – Where are we and how to progress molecular biomarkers, microbiome analysis, simulation models.

To register for this online event, visit its website at: https://zoom.us/meeting/register/ tJIlfuqpqT0tH9PvfVd74i3qcMbgP7sxXx6J

10th International Seaweed Conference The Seagriculture Conference will stick to a digital format in 2021 and will take place on September 15 and 16. The conference program has already been drafted.

For 2021 some additional features have been implemented that will contribute towards ensuring that this year’s edition remains a high quality online conference that adequately serves the Seaweed industry.

Within the framework of Seagriculture 2021, Europe’s largest seaweed conference, the organisers are pleased to announce the Seagriculture Innovation Awards 2021.

A jury incorporating international seaweed experts from academia and industry will select three nominees that offer, according to the jury, the most innovative seaweed product, service or invention.

In total three Innovation Awards, Gold, Silver, and Bronze, will be presented by the jury. Furthermore, there will also be an audience award.

The Seagriculture Innovation Awards 2021 is open to all companies, research institutes and other organisations involved in seaweed innovation. The deadline for submission of your innovation has been extended to August 15, 2021.

The winners will be announced during the Seagriculture 2021 innovation awards ceremony on day 2 of the conference (September 16).

The Aquaculture Innovation Summit 2021 takes place this September The fourth Annual Aquaculture Innovation Summit takes place this September, as a two-day event starting on the 28th. The Summit is a major part of the Animal Health Innovation series, which focuses on showcasing and supporting innovation and sustainability initiatives in three key areas of aquaculture: nutrition, health and digital.

Throughout the on-demand and live parts of the agenda, key discussions in 2021 include: • The future of health and • Digital transformation and genetics to improve how that can optimise performance and welfare aquaculture • Ensuring aquaculture is • Identifying the next steps seen as part of a healthy, to guarantee the future of sustainable food system sustainable and functional • Deep dive into land-based and feeds open ocean as alternatives • The hottest areas for to in-shore, cage-based investment from investors production and big companies At the Summit, you will also have the opportunity to explore investment and partnership opportunities through 1-2-1 virtual networking and interactive roundtable sessions.

Innovation Showcase

The Innovation Showcase is a unique opportunity for start-ups to present their technology to an audience of financial investors and large corporate firms. If you are an emerging company actively looking for investment or partnership, apply for the showcase today.

The following technology areas are of key interest, but other areas will be considered: • Health & Welfare: diagnostics, humane slaughter, environmental enrichment, transportation and handling • Nutrition: effective feeding

systems • Digital: Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Blockchain, IoT Integration, monitoring, surveillance, and diagnostics

AFRAQ21 is going ahead as a physical event Having assessed the Covid-19 health and safety situation in Egypt, approved by government and the convention centre (Alexandrina Bibliotheca), AFRAQ21 will go ahead as planned as an in-person (physical) event from December 11 – 14, 2021.

WAS and AFRAQ21 Conference Management is cognisant of the need to hold the Conference under Covid-19 health and safety protocols as stipulated by the government of Egypt as well as the Bibliotheca Alexandrina, in order to ensure safety of all conference attendees.

Registration is still open; the deadline for submitting extracts and full papers has been extended to September 30th. All abstracts already submitted are valid and will be processed accordingly.

There are however limited spaces available for interested tradeshow exhibitors, and the event organisers urge you to get vaccinated before arriving to reduce Covid-19 risks.

58 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

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The International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology App To get the basic App, simply visit your favourite App Store and download to your device. This will give you access to current editions on a pay-as-you-go, or subscription basis.

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Industry Events

Aquaculture New Zealand 2021 This year’s edition of the Aquaculture New Zealand Conference will be taking place 22-23 September, 2021 at the Rutherford Hotel in Nelson. It will presented in the theme of “Ahumoana o Aotearoa” which is te reo Māori for Aquaculture for New Zealand, a phrase that celebrates the national aquaculture industry’s aspirations and culture of inclusion.

This comes as it looks to grow its sustainable sector for the benefit of all New Zealanders, whilst “Ahumoana o Aotearoa” encompasses their industry values and aspirations to grow sustainably and ensure regional prosperity. The conference theme looks to the future.

This is a future where we realise the open ocean aquaculture opportunity, without compromising our values. A future where

Scan the QR-Code for more information www.almex.nl

the inseparable bond between land and sea is more important than ever, as we advance the land-based infrastructure (including hatcheries, nurseries, processing plants, feed mills) needed to support our thriving industry in the regions.

A future where the resilience of the industry is ensured by world leading biosecurity practices, and where our products are carbon neutral, low volume, and high value - helping NZ transition to a low-emission economy.

A future where our rangitahi (industry operatives) have the training they need and are proud to be a part of a sustainable industry.

“When woven carefully, like the threads in a kākahu (cloak), Ahumoana o Aotearoa will wrap around us all and be something that all New Zealanders can be proud of,” states the event’s organisers.

This year sees another great line up of speakers, covering topics such as space and scale, open ocean opportunities, farming systems and engineering, productivity, value and investment, and workforce and training.

“Aquaculture is an industry with lots to celebrate and we look forward to sharing great ideas, with great people and of course our great products with you,” says an Aquaculture NZ spokesperson.

For further information, including the conference’s agenda, the list of speakers as well as local accommodation options visit the conference website: https://www.aquaculture.org.nz/ conference-2021

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Grupo Dibaq +34 921 574 286 www.dibaqacuicultura.es

Elevator & conveyor components 4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com

Jefo +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com

Enzymes

Silos Cordoba +34 957 325 165 www.siloscordoba.com

Colour sorters

Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr

Bulk storage

Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com

Adisseo + 33 1 46 74 70 00 www.adisseo.com

Drum filters

Amino acids

Conveyors

Feed and ingredients

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com/eng

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Phibro +972 4 629 1833 www.phibro-aqua.com

Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

FrigorTec GmbH +49 7520 91482-0 www.frigortec.com

Additives

Silo Construction & Engineering +32 51723128 www.sce.be

Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com

Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia +55 16 3615 0055 www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br

Kaeser Kompressoren +49 9561 6400 www.kaeser.com

Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com

FAMSUN +86 514 85828888 www.famsungroup.com

Air products

R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com

Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr

IMAQUA +32 92 64 73 38 www.imaqua.eu

Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia +55 16 3615 0055 www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br

Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Aerators

Analysis

Clextral +1 813 854 4434 www.clextral.com

Liptosa +34 902 15 77 11 www.liptoaqua.com

JEFO +1 450 799 2000 www.jefo.com

Equipment for sale

Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr

ExtruTech Inc +1 785 284 2153 www.extru-techinc.com

Skretting + 47 51 88 00 10 www.skretting.com

Extruders Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl Amandus Kahl +49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

62 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

The Anderson Inc +1 419-897-6758 www.andersonsgrain.com

Feed Mill Clextral +1 813 854 4434 www.clextral.com Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com

Fish counters Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr

Soon Strong Machinery +886 3 990 1815 www.soonstrong.com.tw

Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com

Fish pumps

Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr

Clextral +1 813 854 4434 www.clextral.com

Fish Stunning Aqua Future + 49 27 32 / 65 35 www.aquafuture.de

Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl

Fish Stunning

FAMSUN +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com

Ace Aquatec + 44 7808 930923 www. aceaquatec.com

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com

Hammermills Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl

Wynveen +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com

Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia +55 16 3615 0055 www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

Yemtar +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Yemtar +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com/eng

Predator Defence Ace Aquatec + 44 7808 930923 www. aceaquatec.com

Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com

Probiotics

RAS Equipment Fish Farm Feeder +34 886 317 600 www.fishfarmfeeder.com

FAWEMA +49 22 63 716 0 www.fawema.com

FISA +51 998128737 www.fisa.com.pe

Paddle Mixer Anderson www.andersonfeedtech.com

Pellet binders Borregaard +47 69 11 80 00 www.borregaard.com

Pellet mill Clextral +1 813 854 4434 www.clextral.com PTN +31 73 54 984 72 www.ptn.nl

Vacuum Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl Ferraz Maquinas e Engenharia +55 16 3615 0055 www.ferrazmaquinas.com.br Wynveen International B.V. +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

Weighing equipment Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com Wynveen +31 26 47 90 699 www.wynveen.com Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com

Wet expansion machine Soon Strong Machinery +886 3 990 1815 www.soonstrong.com.tw

Yeast products ICC, Adding Value to Nutrition +55 11 3093 0753 www.iccbrazil.com Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr

Biomin +43 2782 803 0 www.biomin.net

FISA +51 998128737 www.fisa.com.pe

Packaging

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com

Amandus Kahl +49 40 727 710 www.akahl.de

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr

Nets & cages

FAMSUN +86 514 85828888 www.famsungroup.com

Plants

Fish Graders

Moisture analysers

Silos

RAS system Aqua Ultraviolet +1 952 296 3480 www.aquauv.com

Pulverizer (large fine) Soon Strong Machinery +886 3 990 1815 www.soonstrong.com.tw

Roller mill - vertical Soon Strong Machinery +886 3 990 1815 www.soonstrong.com.tw

International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 63

To include your company in the International Aquafeed market place in print, and a company page on our website contact Tuti Tan +44 1242 267700 • tutit@perendale.co.uk To visit the online market place visit: www.aqfeed.info/e/1130

the interview Dr Alex H L Wan Dr Alex H L Wan graduated in 2017 with a PhD in utilising seaweeds as functional feed additives in Atlantic salmon from the National University of Ireland Galway, where he is now leading the research team in the institution's own Aquaculture and Nutrition Research Unit. In the role, Dr Wan's work focuses on fundamental fish and crustacean nutritional biology and developing new sustainable feed ingredients, and new aquaculture biotechnologies.

How and why did you get involved with aquaculture?

A. For all my life, I have been lucky enough to live near the sea and has spurned my fascination with the immense biodiversity in marine ecosystems. This attraction was reflected in my education and wanted to improve how we manage our marine wealth and safeguarding future generations.

What led me to get into aquaculture was my Research Masters in Applied Fish Biology at the University of Plymouth with Professor Simon Davies, where I got to experience the potentials and opportunities in aquatic farming. But more importantly how aquaculture could be sustainably developed to meet future food security concerns. The undertaking of my PhD research programme further expanded my scope

What is the current state of Ireland’s aquaculture and how is it placed in relation to the UK, Europe, and the rest of the world?

Ireland has one of the longest coastlines in Europe in relation to its size. With incredible and highly diverse marine life, thanks to the clean Atlantic oceanic waters, mixing with warm waters coming from the gulf stream, and the cold waters from the Arctic.

The west of Ireland- from southwest to northwest, is home to many of the Irish salmon sea cage farms. Furthermore, farmed marine species such as lumpsucker fish, mussels, urchins, oysters, seaweed, and abalone. More inland there is the perch and rainbow trout farming.

Whilst in the east coast, it is dominated by oyster farming and the south coast are mussels. In comparison to the UK, Europe and the rest of the world, the level of aquaculture is somewhat limited and there is much room for sustainable growth.

What unique challenges does Irish aquaculture face, and what developments do you predict for the future, what are the latest innovations?

One of the major challenges in Irish aquaculture is the complex issue of obtaining an aquaculture licence for a farm from the government. The process can be very long due to the rigorous application process. This has led to a backlog in applications and the lack of production growth in Irish aquaculture.

Ireland is currently going through an overhaul in its aquaculture licence application system in simplifying the application and processing time. Both the backlog of seaweed and shellfish farming licences has substantially been resolved, but fish farming licences are more contentious due to additional assessment parameters. Hopefully, as the years pass, licences will be awarded, and aquaculture could continue to grow.

Ireland is an incredibly fertile ground for aquaculture and marine innovation with many financial and expertise support from semi-state agencies and industry-oriented funding programmes. To name a few, these innovations include functional feed additives, new treatments regimes for sea lice, improved salmon farming practices, vaccine developments, and on-land and at sea integrated multitrophic aquaculture models.

In what way does the farming in Ireland differ from Scotland and Norway, are there any special aspects that mark out salmon?

Ireland had long moved away from conventional salmon farming practices such as those used in other salmon producing nations. Much of this is due to the economic constraints, instead, Irish farms operate on organic farming standards where stocking densities are below 10 kg m-3 in sea cages and chemotherapeutics are used in limited circumstances.

Is rainbow trout reared widely and does this have a significant market potential like Scot Trout in the UK?

Rainbow trout farming is quite prevalent in Ireland however, much of this is at a small scale for stocking lakes and fisheries management. There are only a few major rainbow trout farms that operate on supplying to consumers.

Does Ireland rely on imported diets for fish and what is the scope for the Irish feed industry?

At present, Ireland doesn’t have any large scale aquafeed producers, and farms rely on the importation of feed from continental Europe and the UK. There are opportunities for a feed mill to be established serving the local demand of certified organic feeds for salmon farms, specialise feeds for novel species in Ireland, and larval feeds.

However, much of this would depend on future growth in Irish aquaculture.

What new species could be introduced for aquaculture?

In the past, Ireland had Arctic char, Atlantic cod, and turbot farming operations and certainly, there is an appetite from the industry and the state support for new farm species to be established.

From an Irish and European perspective, there is growing consumer demand for seafood to have a less environmental impact.

In particular, imported seafood with high emissions and as such I could see in the near future that the production of warmer species such as white leg shrimp and even tilapia.

Is the Irish shellfish industry ripe for expansion?

Shellfish such as mussels and oysters have long been the staple species for Irish aquaculture. It is also widely accepted by consumers and easier to obtain an aquaculture licence.

Although there is still scope for expansion especially on the newer and high-valued farmed species such as urchins, abalone and even the potential of lobster farming.

64 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed

International Aquafeed - August 2021 | 65

THE INDUSTRY FACES

AFIA and IFEEDER unveil new development and operations specialist

T

he American Feed Industry Association (AFIA) and Institute for Feed Education and Research (IFEEDER) have announced the addition of Emily Anne Igli as the new development and operations specialist.

Emily Anne Igli

Ms Igli will provide tactical support for Constance Cullman, AFIA’s president and CEO, and Lara Moody, IFEEDER’s executive director, as well as facilitating Board operations and donor stewardship, whilst also working closely with the IFEEDER executive director to establish and implement the overall strategic direction for the public charity.

Additionally, she will work closely with the AFIA communications team, developing strategies for a development presence in all communications and marketing.

“I’m thrilled to welcome her, and I look forward to seeing the new perspective and expertise she will bring to our association and industry research arm,” says Ms Cullman.

Veramaris catches yet another seafood industry pro

V

eramaris has netted former Seafood Connection operations lead Johan Brouwer to join its ever growing Business Development team. Mr Brouwer will focus his expertise and industry connections on growing the European retail and food service seafood markets for Veramaris.

“I am really excited to be joining Veramaris when there is real potential to make a difference to the environmental issues that need to be addressed.

Johan Brouwer

“Veramaris offers a game-changing solution and I am thrilled to be a part of the company as its growth accelerates,” says Mr Brouwer, commenting on his appointment.

“Our success depends on our people and I am thrilled to welcome Johan to our talented team. His proven track record in the industry will be a huge asset as we continue on our mission to expand the world’s supply of certified sustainable EPA & DHA Omega-3,” says Karim Kurmaly, Veramaris CEO.

The Kingfish Company hires seasoned industry leader as VP of Sales, US

T

he Kingfish Company has hired Lauren Enz as Vice President of Sales, US. In this newly-added position, Enz will lead US market development and expansion for The Kingfish Company, a pioneer in sustainable land-based aquaculture.

Enz brings more than two decades of seafood sales and leadership experience to The Kingfish Company.

Lauren Enz

“The addition of Lauren Enz, as VP of Sales US, is the next step in our strategic roadmap towards building significant production capacity in Maine for the US market,” says Ohad Maiman, CEO of The Kingfish Company.

“In my career, I’ve had a passion for sharing the unique stories and experience of the seafood industry,” says Ms Enz. “The passion Kingfish has for their amazing story of Dutch Yellowtail is extraordinary. I’m humbled and honoured to lead the US sales team in sharing their story.”

Nutreco appoints new Chief Science Officer

W

ith immediate effect, David Bravo joins Nutreco as Chief Science Officer (CScO) to lead the company’s new fundamental research unit, which will bring ideas to proof of concept and replenish the company’s new product pipeline.

David joins the company from Land O’Lakes feed business unit, where he was most recently Director Innovation & Technology Scouting.

David Bravo

“Having always admired Nutreco and its teams, I am sincerely looking forward to working with them, as well as the broader industry, to establish a portfolio of differentiated products, and support Nutreco’s longer-term sustainability ambitions,” says Mr Bravo.

“I’m delighted that David will be joining us to lead our new research unit and build a portfolio of truly unique products with a strong focus on feed additives, specialty ingredients and specialty products,” says Nutreco CEO Rob Koremans.

Thai Union sustainability lead steps down from role

D

arian McBain, who has been the global director for corporate affairs and sustainability for John West brand owners Thai Union since 2015, has overseen a raft of commitments to improve sourcing practices and supply chain transparency.

Brought on board amid a public relations crisis for the seafood company over its sustainability credentials, Ms McBain has helped to alter Thai Union’s image.

Darian McBain

During her six-year tenure, Thai Union has invested US$90m in a sustainable fisheries plan and trialled AI to eradicate bad fishing practices, such as forced labour and human trafficking. McBain’s time at the business has also seen it work with some of its biggest critics.

In 2017, Thai Union brokered a deal on supply chain reform with Greenpeace, while earlier this year, it made a major commitment to improve its operational transparency through an agreement with non-governmental organisation (NGO) The Nature Conservancy.

66 | August 2021 - International Aquafeed