NOV 2022 - International Aquafeed magazine

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

LAND-BASED SALMON FARMING:

Mt Cook Alpine Salmon to build new innovative facility in New Zealand

International Aquafeed - Volume 25 - Issue 11 - November 2022

- Phytogenics in natural animal & fish feed - Krill: A decade of research shows that it is the sustainable marine ingredient we’ve been searching for - A Mexican field study: The benefits of adjusting trace mineral premix in shrimp feed - Aquaculture in Europe: Why is the industry not progressing in the region?

Proud supporter of Aquaculture without Frontiers UK CIO

November 2022

www.aquafeed.co.uk www.fishfarmingtechnology.net

WELCOME

Nostalgia - for a far-away land: As many of you will know, I’m a New Zealander living in the UK - and have been here for more years than I care to remember.

We are also pleased to carry a feature in this section on Aquaculture in Europe (see page 40) by our Technology Editor, Erik Hempel, which tackles the issue of ‘Why the industry is not progressing.’

But starting from the front of this edition you will find our regular editors outlining their views on It’s been an exciting period of my working nutrition and technology respectively. and personal life to have the opportunity to be Roger Gilbert Professor Simon Davies looks into microbial welcomed and based here, but I still have strong Publisher – International Aquafeed resistance and how we should be focusing more on feelings for my home country of New Zealand. and Fish Farming Technology the reduced use of antibiotics in fish farming. He And therefore, I’m proud to say that we are delves into the detail behind new prebiotics and carrying in this issue a feature on salmon farming probiotics, which are being developed in the Asian region and what in New Zealand which is very near to my family’s hometown in the they are ultimately attempting to achieve in protecting our food fish South Island. from disease and health challenges in farming environments.

We call the area where salmon are being raised The MacKenzie Meanwhile our technology editor Erik Hempel looks at Country. It’s a tundra-like landscape that occupies an area land-based salmon farming and makes a comparison with inland and elevated between the coast and the Southern Alps large open ocean farming and the challenges the existing mountain range that runs almost the full length of the South farming model faces in managing the sludge Island with enhancing views that captivate the visitor. it produces from high intensive fish farming.

In fact, some of the views are so stunning in the MacKenzie This is an interesting read on a subject that Country that some unfortunate tourists have actually driven off the we will have to pay more attention to and find road and into the view! acceptable solutions in the short-term.

You might be asking what this has this to do with salmon Brett Glencross tackles the difficult subject in farming? Well, the unique freshwater King salmon species his column: managing shipments of fishmeal into being raised are landlocked and reared in the canals that Europe that might now be less stable given the EU’s were dug to divert snow melt mountain waters from the removal of the use of the antioxidant ethoxyguin. He eastern slopes of the Southern Alps towards hydro reviews the issue and asks the questions ‘Where to next on generation plants. Once off the Mackenzie the antioxidant front?’

Country this unique glacier-coloured, fastElsewhere in this November edition you can find: phytogenics flowing water re-enters rivers which carries use in fish feeds; a feature on the most valuable protein ingredient it down to the coast. from Krill; functional hydrolysates (with one of the largest tables we We are told there are no lice to contend have yet published) and a Mexican study of trace mineral premixes in when farming fresh-water salmon and the shrimp feeds. environment is protected and contained.

Please don’t overlook our Technology Showcase and our section In fact, passing through the MacKenzie reporting events in and around aquaculture with this edition carrying Country you only occasionally get a glimpse a report on the recent Aquaculture Europe 2022 in Rimini, Italy along of these canals when you pass over them. with IFFO’s 60th Annual Conference in Lima, Peru.

However, the more adventurous visitor can turn off the main highway We feature Dr Farshad, the CEO and founder of Blue Aqua, in our and travel along the canal roads to come across the rows of cages back-of-book interview this month on his life and work in the Asia accommodating these wonderful fish. region.

I would like to share here an image of the environment in which New And finally, on behalf of International Aquafeed, I would like to Zealand salmon farming takes place. pay tribute to Dr Addison Lee Lawrence, who passed away on In this issue (see page 44) we carry a feature in our Fish Farming Friday, October 14, 2022, for his most valuable contribution to the Technology section on the development of salmon farming in New development of fish health and nutrition in farmed fish and in particular Zealand and where Mt Cook Alpine Salmon CEO David Cole explains for his work on establishing shrimp mariculture. We extend our the development of this ‘new way of farming’. This is a fascinating condolences go to his family and friends and carry his passing on page read and is followed by a feature on Atlantic salmon and this species 14. health status.

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NUTRITION & HEALTH In the penultimate month of November, we can begin to look forward to the coming year and what I am sure will be significant developments in the aquafeed markets. Hopefully Covid is receding, and more face-to-face meetings are increasingly becoming the normal.

vacuum coated spraying technologies allowing probiotic retention and survival in compound diets.

Another area of growing interest is the attention to trace element nutrition for farmed aquatic animals. The trend is towards the use of organic complexed elements like zinc, copper and selenium that There are increasing trends in the use Professor Simon Davies are more effective due to their increased bioavailability compared to inorganic of sophisticated novel ingredients that Nutrition Editor, International Aquafeed mineral sources currently the main source can elevate the immune status of fish and employed in standard mineral premixes. shrimp in intensive aquaculture systems and these are obviously There has been much good work over the decades to evaluate game changing scenarios that are being implemented in diet formulations with many companies producing special phytobiotic numerous products where specific trace elements have been incorporated into yeast and other single cell organisms like agents, natural feed additives and supplements. algae. Selenium in particular as selenocysteine is covalently The increased application of such products means we are bound within proteins acting in a majority of cases as important finally achieving our targets of minimising the use of antibiotics antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and that can lead to AMR (Antimicrobial Resistance) and other associated reductases. chemotherapeutic drugs that can be both expensive, challenging This has often been termed the master antioxidant defensive and impose potential deleterious effects on the environment. enzyme in its mitigation of free radicals generated in tissues and The rise of novel prebiotics and probiotics in practice is organs due to environmental and internal metabolic stressors. reflected in the plethora of scientific papers I see in major In the case for zinc, it is associated with numerous enzymes journals that encompass aquaculture biosciences from all (involved in metabolism & transportation of metabolites) and around the world. These often originate in SE Asia, especially very important for optimum immune capacity in fish and shrimp. from China, Vietnam, and areas where of course aquaculture is For the latter, it has been found to be of considerable effect expanding considerably. There is now much more detail being in reducing mortality from a range of pathogenic insult and for applied to probiotics with the elevation comprehensive molecular the increased regeneration of the carapace during the intermoult biology methods. stages of growth. There is clearly much scope for research in this The use of Next Generation Sequencing (High Throughput) area. of the intestinal microbiome based on the 16S and 18S Likewise, we need to also research in more detail the functional ribosomal DNA and the surrounding aqueous environment has role of chromium and copper in the regulation of carbohydrate enabled more accurate assessments of these microorganisms, and lipid metabolism in such species as shrimp and utilisation in their identification, and the significance of their functional the hepato-pancreas and endocrine regulation of hormones. characteristics whether they may be potentially pathogenic or On the news front, I see that there are new applied technologies indeed offer advantages for the host fish or shrimp with many being evaluated for automatic feeding systems gaining positive attributes in promoting gut balance and integrity. momentum in trout farms in France and now poised for Due to the relationship with the expression of key immune international expansion. related cellular signalling molecules and specific classes of This is Called MultyWays, the system has been developed by proteins we are beginning to better understand these complex a relatively new input to the aquaculture industry, Secma Cabon mechanisms and the relationship between the gut microflora and Solution Vide, France. The controlled and accurate delivery of the overall systemic immune platform. feed is paramount to efficiency and precision aquaculture and to Prebiotics consist mainly of resistant complex polysaccharides be welcomed. such as the cell wall structures of yeasts and plants such as Recently, International experts congregated to the University β-Glucans and galactomannans. They have the advantage of Maine for the 3rd annual Recirculating Aquaculture Salmon of remaining functional due to their thermal and digestive Network (RAS-N) and the first Sustainable Aquaculture Systems resistance except for the microbiota where fermentation of these components can occur yielding bioactive volatile short chain fatty Supporting Salmon (SAS2) symposium. As a fish nutrition scientist, we must cater for the advances in feed formulations for acids and functional metabolites essential for a healthy gut and bespoke RAS held fish as these systems are rolled out globally immune system. for various species.

There will be particular challenges with probiotics due to the Please enjoy our fish nutrition and health related articles and our processing effects of extrusion in the feed mill, but much progress news of technical and scientific developments in this field. has been made with the use of top-dressing post extrusion and

4 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY As marine aquaculture is growing, there is some concern about which system to use. In salmon farming, open cages have been totally dominating, and still are. But new systems are being tried out for various reasons. Land-based RAS systems are becoming increasingly popular, and large open ocean (offshore) farming is also being tried at the moment.

But there are other considerations to take into account, too.

Pollution from open cage farms in the form of faeces from the fish as well as excess feed end up on the seabed under the cages. Today, the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries says that 90 percent of all Norwegian localities on the coast have good water quality. If we are to double the volume at these locations, we will perhaps Erik Hempel end up with 60 - 70 per cent with good The Nor-Fishing Foundation quality.

The question is whether it is acceptable There has been a lot of discussion that 30 percent have poor quality. That is why it is not possible about land-based farming of marine species, such as salmon.

Everybody’s eyes are on Atlantic Sapphire in Florida, and their to increase the volume with open cages. If production is to be increased in a sustainable way, there are three ways to go: development – and problems. Investors were pouring money One is to move on land. Sludge that comes out can be into land-based salmon farming, but as Atlantic Sapphire ran into some problems, investors became reluctant. And then now collected there. Thus, the sludge that is produced will not end up in the marine environment. We are not able to collect some are enthusiastic again. everything, so some nutrients will come out, but all large Another option that has received a lot of attention, is offshore particles can be collected. But installations on land require farming. SalMar’s Ocean Farm 1 has been a pioneer offshore space and a lot of energy. structure, but there are numerous others, too. Very costly The second is to go out to sea. But that will require an structures they are, and they require lots of money. As does expensive infrastructure. The first plant will be expensive. land-based farming.

Then the question is how much cheaper it can be if more are But there is a third option that has perhaps received less built. In addition, it will be expensive to transport people, feed attention: closed systems in the sea. and fish out to the plant, and it will be expensive to transport One closed cage project that has received a lot of attention people and market size fish back to shore. is the so-called ‘Egg’. It is a closed system that looks like an A third option is closed facilities on the coast. They have upright egg. A full-scale egg would be 44 meters high and several advantages: You can collect the sludge so that it does 32 meters wide. The egg is a closed facility, which takes in not escape, and at the same time you can take the water from a water from the bottom of the egg and pumps the water out through the top. The water is purified and the environment and greater depth and not use surface water. Water from a depth of 20 – 30 meters will provide advantages because the fish do not production can be controlled. experience big temperature changes. If the facility is located The aim of the egg is to contribute to a more sustainable and correctly and the location is sheltered, the risk of escape is environmentally friendly farming industry. Closed facilities very low. If you take in water deeper than 10 – 15 metres, protect the fish against salmon lice, prevent the salmon from you also avoid salmon lice and save considerable costs for escaping and ensure that salmon excrement and feed is not treatment. released into the sea.

If closed facilities are built in concrete, the service life and A major problem behind the development of both land-based depreciation period will be very long – over 50 years in most farming, offshore farming, and closed cage farming is of cases. course the persistent problem of salmon lice. Proponents Common to both land-based, offshore and closed sea-based of land-based farming claim they have total control of the facilities is that they require higher investments than today’s conditions in the tanks, and therefore will have no lice. Those who go for offshore farming say they are operating so far from open cage farming. Whether the operation becomes more expensive is another matter. the coast that therefore the lice are not there.

CONFERENCE

March 7th, 2023 Part of VIV Asia, Bangkok

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Perendale Publishers Ltd 7 St George’s Terrace St James’ Square, Cheltenham, Glos, GL50 3PT, United Kingdom Tel: +44 1242 267700 Publisher Roger Gilbert rogerg@perendale.co.uk Managing Editor Joy (Jyothsna) Nelloolichalil joyn@perendale.co.uk

November 2022 Volume 25 Issue 11

IN THIS ISSUE

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

International Editors Dr Kangsen Mai (Chinese edition) mai@perendale.com Prof Antonio Garza (Spanish edition) antoniog@perendale.com Erik Hempel (Norwegian edition) erikh@perendale.com Editorial Advisory Panel • Prof Dr Abdel-Fattah M. El-Sayed • Dr Allen Wu • Prof António Gouveia • Prof Charles Bai • Dr Daniel Merrifield • Dr Dominique Bureau • Dr Elizabeth Sweetman • Dr Kim Jauncey • Dr Eric De Muylder • Dr Pedro Encarnação • Dr Mohammad R Hasan

REGULAR ITEMS 8

Industry News

46 Technology showcase 50 Industry Events

Editorial team Prof Simon Davies sjdaquafeed@gmail.com

60 The Market Place 64 The Aquafeed Interview

Andrew Wilkinson andreww@perendale.co.uk

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Shannon Parsons shannonp@perendale.co.uk

Industry Faces

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The Aquaculture case study

48

Atlantic salmon: Aquaculture researchers developing ‘final piece in the puzzle’ for fish health

COLUMNS

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3 Roger Gilbert

4 Professor Simon Davies 5

Erik Hempel

12 Brett Glencross

FEATURES 18 Phytogenics in natural animal & fish feed

22 Krill: A decade of research shows that it is the sustainable marine ingredient we’ve been searching for 26 Functional hydrolysates: Bringing added value to omnivorous fish species feeds

32 A Mexican field study: The benefits of adjusting trace mineral premix in shrimp feed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY 40 Aquaculture in Europe: Why is the industry not progressing in the region?

44 Land-based salmon farming: Mt Cook Alpine Salmon to build new innovative facility in New Zealand

THE BIG PICTURE A Mexican field study: The benefits of adjusting trace mineral premix in shrimp feed

See more on page 32

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Forsea raises US$5.2M to expand its sustainable cultivated seafood venture

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FoodTech start-up has become the first company to use organoid technology for culturing seafood products. With a goal of redressing the destruction of marine life due to overfishing, Forsea embarked on a mission to cultivate seafood—initially eel meat—without harming sea life. The eel has become an endangered species, while the demand for its meat keeps increasing in markets such as Europe and Asia.

Toward this effort, Forsea has raised US$5.2M in a seed round led by Berlin-based Target Global. Also invested in the round were The Kitchen FoodTech Hub; PeakBridge VC; Zora Ventures; FoodHack, and Milk & Honey Ventures.

The new funding will initially go towards growing cultivated eel meat, high in demand for kabayaki and sushi.

Target Global's contribution to this round marks one of its first investments in the foodTech industry.

Founded a year ago with the support of The Kitchen FoodTech Hub part of The Strauss-Group, Forsea is dedicated to preserving the fish population by creating a viable alternative to wild-caught seafood and leaving the fragile marine ecosystem completely untouched.

Organoid platform vs scaffolding cultivated seafood Forsea utilises a non-GMO organoid platform in which the eel meat is grown ex vivo as a three-dimensional tissue structure in the same manner it would grow in a living fish.

This technology bypasses the scaffolding stage and requires fewer bioreactors, a process that is much simpler and more cost-effective than traditional cell culturing. It also dramatically reduces the amount of expensive growth factors required, making the final product more affordable.

Iftach Nachman, PhD, co-founder of Forsea, developed the organoid technology in order to solve the bottleneck of the eel meat industry.

“We are eager to take part in Forsea's quest to create sustainable, better-for-you seafood products that do not disrupt the biodiversity of the oceans,” says Shmuel Chafets, Executive Chairman and founder of Target Global.

“Forsea is poised to make a dramatic impact on the seafood ecosystem. Its pillar platform solves a bottleneck in the cultivated meat industry by creating affordable, ethical, cultivated seafood products that can replace vulnerable fish species.”

Future plans Forsea will inaugurate its pilot plant during 2023. The

plant will allow the company to create a preliminary design for a large-scale alpha production system, and to launch the company's first products.

The start-up will invest the newly raised capital to accelerate R&D for both growing eel meat and developing the process for other fish species. Forsea also will improve and expand its core technology to enable organoid growth in large-scale bioreactors, whilst also developing methods to increase production yield and profitability at a lower cost.

These include perfecting a continuous feeding strategy and nutritional support. Recently Forsea expanded its R&D team and activities to Rehovot, in the heart of Israel's FoodTech valley.

“We are very excited to announce the completion of this funding round,” states Roee Nir, CEO, a biotechnology engineer and co-founder of Forsea. “Our investors express their trust in our game-changing technology for producing seafood with a minimal footprint on the environment. The patented organoid technology allows us to contribute to a safe and more resilient food system consumers demand.”

“We are extremely pleased to invest in Forsea and welcome the company into our growing portfolio,” comments Yoni Glickman, Managing Partner of FoodSparks by PeakBridge.

“Forsea has demonstrated breakthrough technology, having recruited an experienced team to solve a significant problem in the food system caused by overfishing and habitat loss.”

“Depletion of world fisheries is a major threat to our food security,” adds Amir Zaidman, Chief Business Officer of The Kitchen Hub. “For this reason we teamed up with Nir and the founding team and backed Forsea from its inception at The Kitchen. We are proud to continue our support and to participate in the seed round of Forsea as it continues to attain its goals.”

“We can produce a product identical in flavour, texture, appearance, and nutritional values to real eel,' emphasises Mr Nir. “Organoid platform allows us to design the fish fillet exactly as it grows in the fish, that is, in a 3-dimensional structure, without growing the fat and muscle tissues separately.”

8 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

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Aquaculture 2022 Booths 411 - 413 29 Nov - 2 Dec • Singapore (SINGAPORE)

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fficially opening today in Guayaquil, Ecuador, Skretting Aquaculture lnnovation Guayas Research Station is the latest investment made by the world's leading aquaculture feed company with the aim of accelerating the introduction of more sustainable and innovative feeds to the shrimp industry.

The new US$6.1 million facility is a world-class research and development station entirely dedicated to shrimp farming, establishing Skretting as the ideal platform to further knowledge of shrimp nutrition and health. Also, apply this intelligence on the ground in Ecuador, one of the most important shrimp-producing regions in the global fishing economy.

Skretting Aquaculture Innovation Guayas incorporates state-of-the-art technology, with fully equipped laboratories and state-of-the-art experimental units, where critical trials will be carried out on white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).

The station also has tanks that will allow multiple studies to be conducted in conditions that simulate the commercial production environment.

The research station will study all stages of shrimp production, from first stage larvae to harvest size animals. Simulations and evaluations include health and welfare parameters as well as growth and feed efficiency.

Another key focus area will be the digestibility of existing and new feed ingredients and balanced diets. For this purpose, outstanding biotechnologies will be implemented and developed.

The human team of the new station will be

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Skretting aims to make Ecuadorian shrimp farmers the most sustainable

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supported by Skretting's global network of scientific experts and its global research units.Together, they help Skretting Aquaculture lnnovation Guayas better understand how shrimp can be helped to grow faster and larger, as well as become more resilient to disease and environmental challenges, so that innovations can be developed that turn these discoveries crucial in practical solutions for the industry.

“I am delighted that Skretting Aquaculture Innovation Guayas is now up and running. This world-class station reiterates our commitment to Ecuador and the global shrimp market,” says Alex Obach, Chief Innovation Officer at Skretting.

“Not only will it allow us to work much more closely with local farmers, but by establishing a channel for the delivery of new solutions that improve farming performance and efficiency, it will ensure that shrimp farmers around the world can contribute every to global food security and nutrition.”

Ace Aquatec gets onboard with Greek distributor

quaculture technology specialists Ace Aquatec have appointed Stamatiou Aquaculture as their distributor of their award-winning in-water electric stunners in Greece.

As the EU's largest producers for farmed sea bass and gilthead sea bream, exported to over 42 countries, this partnership will accelerate Greece's adoption of newer, higher welfare technology at the point of harvest.

Ace Aquatec's in-water electrical stunner has a 100 percent stun rate and an impressive record of reducing stress at harvest, making it well-equipped to meet increasing consumer demand in the region for improved husbandry and higher levels of animal welfare.

With over 30 years of experience in the aquaculture industry and an established client network, Stamatiou Aquaculture is well-placed to share expertise with fish farmers interested in improving welfare standards and quality control at harvest.

“Demand has increased three-fold for our in-water stunners this year as supermarkets, consumers and regulators demand clearer efficacy around the slaughter of seabass and bream,” says Ace Aquatec's Chief Sales and

Marketing Officer, Tara McGregor-Woodhams.

“Establishing a partnership with Stamatiou, who build state-of-the-art vessels for over 70 percent of the industry in the Mediterranean, means we can work together to equip these amazing boats at the outset with the best technology to improve welfare without compromising efficiency,” she adds.

“Sea bass and sea bream are known for being particularly sensitive to suboptimal farming and harvesting conditions, comments Mr Kyriakos, Stamatiou Stamatiou Aquaculture's CEO. “We have always championed technology that will allow seafood to be harvested more humanely, so it's great to be working with Ace Aquatec to incorporate their innovative solution in our designs.

"This partnership heralds a significant advancement in harvesting standards in the region.”

Earlier this month, Ace Aquatec appointed Pisces as their key distributor in North, Central and South America. The newly formed partnership supplies the in-water electrical stunner to its customers across the Americas, where fish welfare and ethical practices have moved to the top of the agenda for many producers, supermarkets and consumers.

International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 11

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Brett Glencross Where to next on the antioxidant front?

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ne of the notable features about fishmeals is their need to be stabilised during production. While some of this is done to ensure the stability of product quality over time to minimise the rates of rancidity of the abundant polyunsaturated fatty acids that are found in fishmeals and oils, there is also a need to ensure this stability in terms of the risk of spontaneous combustion of the fishmeal.

Because of this risk of spontaneous combustion, organisations like the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) have mandated the inclusion of minimum levels of certain antioxidants in fishmeal prior to it being able to be shipped.

Afterall, no one wants to see ships burning on the high seas.

Traditionally, this stabilisation was largely managed using the antioxidant ethoxyquin, and for most of the world’s fishmeal it still is (just not in Europe). Indeed, ethoxyquin has been the antioxidant of choice for decades because of its strong capacity to prevent oxidation, and the efficacy of most other antioxidants are usually compared on a basis relative to ethoxyquin still.

However, concerns were raised in a European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) review in 2015 about ethoxyquins safety for consumers and the environment, though the ultimate findings of that review were considered somewhat inconclusive.

Ethoxyquin

para-Phenetidine

In particular EFSA reported from that review that one of ethoxyquin’s metabolites, ethoxyquin-quinone-imine, was possibly genotoxic, and another compound, para-phenetidine (sometimes called p-phenetidine), an impurity that could be present from the manufacturing process, could possibly be mutagenic.

So, in a case of ‘the precautionary principle’ the use of ethoxyquin as a feed additive was suspended by the European Commission (EC) back in 2017, until further data could be established to work out whether it really was a risk or not.

That further data was tabled in 2021 and an EFSA opinion on that released recently. Formal deauthorization by the EC was implemented in August this year.

On the positive side, that initial suspension of ethoxyquin in 2017 led to a flurry of activity to establish new antioxidants for the feed sector and led to the establishment of the use of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydoxyanisol (BHA) as the new go-to antioxidants for the sector, though BHT itself is also going through a “reauthorisation” process presently.

Further complexities included that the IMO only recognised ethoxyquin and BHT as suitable antioxidants and this led to IFFO implementing work on the adoption of tocopherols (a, b, g and d) and rosemary extracts as natural antioxidants to be included in the IMO register.

However, that process is a relatively long one to implement, taking years to establish. And still more alternatives are being developed from a range of other natural products. Indeed, there has been much development in this sector since that suspension in 2017, that we now have a wide choice of products to choose from, though many are still to be registered.

So, carry on through to the present day in 2022, and finally some resolution to the story of ethoxyquin has been delivered.

Almost seven years after the original EFSA review, and five years after the initial suspension, ethoxyquin has now formally been de-authorised as an antioxidant for the European feed sector.

Key findings from all this work, included the clarification that ethoxyquin itself is generally not a threat for use in most animal feeds, but the contaminant para-phenetidine presents something more of an issue.

The trouble being that eliminating para-phenetidine from ethoxyquin is not so easy. Effectively meaning that while ethoxyquin itself might not be problematic, managing the levels of the contaminant para-phenetidine within the use of ethoxyquin effectively rule it out.

So, after all these years where to next on the antioxidant front?

Well, fortunately the natural products development route has been quite prolific, with lots of new and novel antioxidants emerging. The remaining issue now is now which of those can be cost effective and navigate the long path through regulation?

Dr Brett Glencross is the Technical Director of IFFO - The Marine Ingredients Organisation.

Over the past 25 years he has worked in various academic, institutional, and industrial roles across Australasia, the Middle East and Europe.

This month on IAF TV Look out for this development for the North African market from September 2022: Nabil Hamid, the chairman of Grand Fish Feed in Egypt, exhibited his company's range of feed products during the delayed Aquaculture Africa event AFRAQ 2021 in Alexandria, Egypt (at the end of March 2022).

Watch more videos at: www.aquafeed.co.uk/videos

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Modern-day aquaculture founder passes away

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t is with great regret that International Aquafeed magazine announces the passing of Addison Lee Lawrence, a distinguished academic career, with a life of love and dedication to his family on Friday, October 14, 2022.

Born on December 19, 1935, he was born to parents John T and Georgia Lee Lawrence in Cape Girardeau, Missouri.

He graduated from Bloomfield High School in 1953 before earning a Bachelor of Science degree from Southeast Missouri State University.

He continued his study at the University of Missouri, earning a Master of Arts and a Doctor of Philosophy degrees while also teaching at Westminster College. He then completed a postdoctoral fellowship at Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University.

Dr Lawrence worked at several universities with most of his time spent at Texas A&M University, from which he retired in 2015. After 38 years' service, he retired as a Regent Fellow, Senior Faculty Fellow, Project Leader, and Scientist in Chief for Texas A&M AgriLife Research, and as a member of the Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and the Intercollegiate Faculty of Nutrition.

He was known internationally for work promoting shrimp

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C l e a n

mariculture. An advocate for education and research, the promotion of this industry led him to travel the world.

His family and friends loved his stories of travel and adventure.

His work in developing shrimp growth facilities was featured in, In the School of Innovation, ‘Less is Often More’ – a feature article in the New York Times in 2011.

He mentored over 105 graduate students from many different countries and cultures.

One of his favourite academic collaborators was his brother John Miller Lawrence, professor emeritus of the University of South Florida. Their combined work continues to influence marine science.

Dr Lawrence married Jacqueline Lee Vorhees in 1959.

They welcomed Addison Vorhees, Duane Miller, Mark Lee, Glenn Lee before Jacqueline's death in 1967. He married Katherine Marie Johnson.

Their daughter Debbie Marie was born in 1970. He married Rose Anne in 2005 welcoming Robbie Eikel, wife Brandy and Laurie Thompson, husband Wayne to his loving circle of family.

He is survived by his wife, Rose, children Addison, wife Debi; Duane, Mark, wife Jenny; Glenn, wife Beth; Debbie, husband Eric, Robbie, wife Brandy; Laurie, husband Wayne, 29 grandchildren & five great grandchildren and many friends and colleagues.

Dr Lawrence was preceded in death by his parents, John T and Georgie Lee Lawrence and wife, Jacqueline Lawrence. Although his academic work will continue to live on, his family and friends remember a consequential life well lived.

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14 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

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International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 15

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News

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Nutreco announces Young Researchers’ Prize winner for 2022

A

gboola Jeleel Opeyemi has been crowned the winner of this year's Young Researchers' Prize, securing the top EUR€12,000/US$12,017 cash prize to help further his research.

The prize-winning project 'Can fish grow on trees? Yeast as future feed ingredient' – presented by Agboola Jeleel, a graduate from the Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NBMU), caught the judges' eye because of its exploration into the nutritional and functional potential of yeasts produced from wood sugars as sustainable fish feeds.

“I'm extremely honoured and excited to be named this year's Young Researchers' Prize winner. Having my research recognised in such a way reassures me that I'm making a proactive and meaningful contribution towards feeding our growing population more sustainably,” comments Agboola Jeleel.

“I'm looking forward to using the prize money to further my aquaculture research as well as dedicating some time to my own personal and professional development.”

“My advice to every young scientist is to always cultivate a curious mindset, and I'd thoroughly encourage anyone considering applying to next year's prize to do so. Having also applied in 2019, I'm a prime example of no matter the challenge, you can achieve anything you put your mind to if you work hard and strongly believe in yourself.

“Thank you again to all the judges and Nutreco for their ongoing support of young researchers like myself. Also, I would like to appreciate all my mentors, this couldn't have been possible without the incredible support I received from every one of them over these years,” the 2022 winner concludes.

to Chiara Guidi from the University of Ghent, Belgium, whose research explores a means of tackling antimicrobial resistance through the production and use of Chitooligosaccharides that target pathogens in the guts of weaning piglets, improving their immunity and growth, whilst preventing illness and reducing the need for antibiotics.

“I was delighted to be named one of Nutreco's Young Researchers' Prize finalists, so to be awarded the second place is a huge accolade. I'm looking to further my research idea through an independent company, so I'm excited to put the prize money towards kicking off our first financial and business plans,” comments Ms Guidi, on

Feeding the future more sustainably The second-place cash prize of EUR€8000 goes 16 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

i i i i i i i i i

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News

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being awarded the second-place prize.

“A special thank you to all the jury members and judges for taking the time to consider all our applications – seeing always big corporations like Nutreco not only championing youngalways inspiring more inspiring … more … researchers' work but also being so invested in more sustainable farming is extremely encouraging.”

Finally, the third winner of the Nutreco Young Researchers Prize is Giulio Giagnoni from Aarhus University, Denmark. Mr Giagnoni received a cash prize of EUR€5,000 for his research project, which aims to identify climate-efficient phenotypes of dairy cows and reduce methane emissions by amending their diets.

“I've thoroughly enjoyed being a part of this year's Young Researchers' Prize. It's been so inspiring to be here in Amsterdam with all the judges and my fellow finalists,” comments Mr Giagnoni on coming third.

“The prize itself is great for stretching researchers to think about their research within a global context and how it's solving a real-life challenge to sustainable food production. Thank you to Nutreco and all the judges for recognising the value and contribution our research could make toward feeding the future more sustainably.”

The first, second and third-place winners were announced in Amsterdam as part of an award's ceremony, which was also live-streamed online.

Nutreco's Young Researchers' Prize challenged PhD students and first- and second-year post-doctorate researchers to put forward innovative ideas that could contribute to Nutreco's overarching purpose of Feeding the Future.

A total of 37 applications from young academics from across the world showcased innovative solutions towards sustainable and environmentally conscious farming practices.

“Many congratulations to all three finalists on their fantastic, innovative, and thoughtful research projects.

Agboola Jeleel, Chiara and Giulio and their respective Universities should be incredibly proud of themselves,” comments Leo Den Hartog, Head Judge, Nutreco N.V Board Member and former R&D Director.

“Special congratulations must go to Agboola Jeleel for his research that examines the nutritional and functional potential of yeasts produced from wood sugars as sustainable fish feeds – a truly innovative solution to sustainable fish farming.

“Thank you to all who applied.

My fellow judges and I have thoroughly enjoyed judging this year's fantastic pool of applicants. It's been immensely encouraging to see the diverse and creative solutions the next generation of thinkers have to some of the most urgent issues facing our industry.

“Everyone at Nutreco is excited to see how Agboola Jeleel, Chiara and Giulio will make use of the prize money to further their brilliant ideas,” aquafeed.symrise.com he concludes.

Nutreco's Young Researchers' Prize Since January 2022, Aquativ/Diana Aqua became will be back in 2024 – follow Nutreco Symrise Aqua Feed. on LinkedIn and Twitter to be the first to hear about submissions opening.

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International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 17

Phytogenics

in natural animal & fish feed How regulatory and consumer demands are continuing to expand opportunities and drive innovation

by Juan Javierre, Nutrition Scientist, Layn Natural Ingredients, USA

C

onsumer demand and political pressure are two powerful change drivers for fish and animal nutrition that have spurred tremendous opportunity for plant-based feed additives.

While feed additives have long been used to peak animal health, production, and overall performance, their function, makeup and composition are continually evolving to adapt to today’s requirements – additionally driven by a bedrock of new science and innovation.

As an example, Antibiotic Growth Promoters (AGPs) have been used for over 60 years, but the European Union banned them overnight in 2006 forcing the feed industry to search for alternatives.

Regulatory pressure and growing consumer demand for natural ingredients has accelerated innovation in phytogenics, defined as a group of natural, plant-based growth promoters or nonantibiotic growth promoters used as feed additives, derived from herbs, spices or other plants.

All botanical extracts are NOT created equally

Phytogenics are most often in the form of botanical extracts, which can be obtained from plants using a variety of methods, including steam distillation, solvent extraction, CO2 extraction, cold pressing, alcohol infusion, glycerol extraction and more.

However, there are many factors to determine which type of botanical extract is right for any particular application and function - and all botanical extracts are NOT created equally. For example, essential oils are one type of botanical extract, while standardised botanical extracts are another.

Essential oils capture the essence of the plant and retain the natural aromas and flavors of their source botanical in the form of an oil, whilst standardised botanical extracts focus on exact levels of specific potent active functional chemical compounds.

Now, aroma compounds that predominate in common and frequent essential oils can also be manufactured via chemical synthesis. In regulations, these are known as nature-identical compounds and are often used to create combination products using them selectively. The manufacturer may call them essential, but they are produced by formulation and not by direct extraction.

It is important to work with suppliers that understand the

18 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

nuances and requirements for phytogenic extract ingredients for animal feed applications. Following are some important guidelines that can help feed brands in navigating the options, asking the right questions and sourcing the best ingredients for their specific applications.

guiding feed formulation using natural botanical extracts.

It is imperative for any brand in this market to work with a reputable, qualified suppler who provides authenticated, non-adulterated ingredients, and has experience managing the complex supply chain of botanicals.

Identifying the potent active compounds

Understanding the power of standardisation

Each botanical extract has a complex composition of active chemical compounds, with a growing number of botanical compounds gaining scientific support to deliver a host of functional benefits in animal feed.

Producing these active compounds for use in animal feed requires excellent understanding of agronomy, harvest, and broader botanical science and extraction with stringent production and quality controls that should include raw material testing and botanical source id confirmation, ongoing testing, full transparency and traceability, and certification of safety, quality and authenticity.

Imagine how much more complex things could become if it turned out that an extract was not even from the right plant, or proper part of the plant - or if pollutants such as pesticides or heavy metals were introduced during the extraction or production process?

Because botanical extracts are inherently natural, their availability is fully dependent on secure agronomy and supply chains – and sustainability. Further, they can have complex natural variations that can affect smell, absorption, functionality and health support benefits.

As one of the largest direct manufacturers of botanical extracts in the world, Layn Natural Ingredients has decades of experience managing the complex supply chain of botanical extracts, establishing strict controls to provide consistent output, and

It is important to distinguish between different types of extracts and the nature of their primary and active compounds.

The functionality of these extracts is based on the properties associated with the active compounds contained in them and then incorporating them successfully in animal feed formulations.

Standardised extracts are widely studied for their supportive effects on metabolic health and contain one or more components from botanicals in an exact and guaranteed amount, usually expressed as a percentage, ensuring the amount is consistent in batch to batch of raw ingredient production, and finished feed production.

Examples of natural extracts as feed additives

There has been and continues to be tremendous innovation and research taking place in the area of phytogenics, particularly understanding gained about specific compounds found within plants – including their molecular structures, functionality, effects within the body, and impacts on animal performance.

Some categories of compounds, and botanical extracts within them, in modern day phytogenics are highlighted below.

Polyphenols

Polyphenols are one category of over 8000 compounds found naturally in plants. Research on the phytogenic properties of these active compounds and their use as functional additives with

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metabolic activity, has accelerated enormously and evidence of the benefits of polyphenols for production animals is growing in the peer-reviewed literature.

Some polyphenol-rich phytogenic solutions include: - Green Tea extract - a metabolic antioxidant that has been shown to help increase of growth performance and meat quality in finishing pigs and broilers. (References: 1-4) - Grape Seed extract - a metabolic antioxidant that can help counteract the oxidative stress due to mycotoxin interaction within cells. It is a metabolic antioxidant that has been shown to help reduce of the impact of mycotoxicosis. (References: 5-13) - Bitter Orange extract - a metabolic antioxidant that has demonstrated support for animal performance, healthy inflammation response. Bitter Orange extract has also been shown to help improve egg quality in laying hens and meat quality in broilers. (References: 14,15) - Pomegranate extract - known to have antibacterial & antioxidant properties. (References: 16,17) - Rosemary extract - proven uses as both a technologic & metabolic antioxidant. Rosemary extract helps protects lipids from oxidation. Scientifically supported for immune health.

Saponins

Saponins, triterpene glycosides or steroid glycosides sourced from plants. Uses for saponin extracts range from adjuvants in vaccines, immunity stimulants, and agents for odor control in feces.

Research shows that saponins may have anti-protozoal activity, thus being a potential control tool for coccidiosis, and as an

anthelmintic. Some interesting botanicals and the saponins they contain include: - Soapbark Tree - Quillaja - Bitter Melon – Momordia - Fenugreek - Trigonella - Yucca - Y. schidigera

Carbohydrate extracts

The active ingredients of this class of extracts tend to be polysaccharides - long chains of repeating units within the molecule. Published research on the biological activity of these extracts reports anti-viral properties for fucoidans, and innate immunity enhancement for beta-glucans.

Examples of this include: - Seaweed extract - contains fucoidan, a sulphated polysaccharide with fucose as its main backbone sugar - Reishi mushroom - a carbohydrate polymer extract that contains beta-glucans

Alkaloids

Alkaloid compounds have one thing in common – they have nitrogen within the molecular structure. Research has shown these alkaloids may help improve intestinal microbiome and other components of gut health, thus they can also positively influence animal performance. Some common examples used as feed additives: - Macleaya cordata extract (sanguinarine) - Berberis vulgaris extract (berberine) - Capsicum annuum extract (capsaicin)

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The world of botanical extracts is wide and deep. The efficient and optimal use of these modern, natural ingredients as feed additives requires a deep understanding of the intimate nature and composition of specific botanicals and their scientifically supported properties. It also requires expert knowledge of sustainable agriculture, quality and testing methods and extraction best practices.

About the Author:

Juan Javierre is Nutrition Scientist at Layn Natural Ingredients.

He is a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine, as well as a nutritionist and researcher. Juan has over 30 years of experience in animal production in Europe, the Americas, Southeast Asia and China.

20 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

OVN Optimum Vitamin Nutrition® for Aquaculture Check and adjust vitamin levels for more sustainable farming.

Irreplaceable and essential, vitamins are key nutrients to optimize immunity, health and performance in fish and shrimp. But achieving the right balance of vitamins in aquaculture feed is not as easy as it may sound. There are multiple factors that can affect and ultimately reduce the level of vitamins within feed.

That’s why we at DSM are proud to be a continuous innovator by developing specialized tools like the new OVN Optimum Vitamin Nutrition® guidelines 2022 that helps fish and shrimp producers to find the right balance for the animals.

OVN Optimum Vitamin Nutrition® helps feed animals with the right amounts of high-quality vitamins appropriate to their life stage and growing conditions, while supporting sustainable animal farming

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D

Krill

A decade of research shows that it is the sustainable marine ingredient we’ve been searching for

by Kiranpreet Kaur, Director R&D, Fish Health & Nutrition, Aker BioMarine, Norway

eep in the pristine waters of the Southern Ocean reside around 62 million tonnes of Euphausia Superba, more commonly known as Antarctic krill. One of the most prevalent species on Earth, the krill biomass is stable– largely due to the precautionary approach taken by the krill fisheries.

Krill has been the object of study for more than a decade due to its unique, nutrient-rich nature. Scientists have sought greater understanding about how krill performs as an ingredient for both human and animal health, including its role in aquaculture feeds.

astaxanthin. It’s a long list of nutritional qualities that make krill quite effective in the salmon diet. The first studies on this were done back in the 1970s, looking at how krill impacted rainbow trout. The results showed that krill led to increased feed intake and higher body weight in the fish.

Later, in the early 2000s, scientists reached similar conclusions after trials with Atlantic salmon. The studies showed that partial replacement of fish meal with krill meal enhanced feed intake and growth performance.

Recently, a trial with salmon smolts concluded that krill meal in

The most important aquaculture commodity

The search for sustainable aquafeed ingredients has grown more intense in recent years. There is a growing trend to reduce dependency on fish meal and fish oil in feeds and find low trophic and sustainable alternative functional ingredients that can deliver equal or greater nutritional impact at cost parity. Salmonids, in particular, have been the object of much of the krill-related research.

Atlantic salmon represents the most important aquaculture commodity in terms of value at present, and salmon farmers depend on sustainable, effective, and nutrient-rich ingredients to achieve results – and krill has emerged as a strong ingredient contender.

Researchers from Aker BioMarine reviewed more than a decade’s worth of research material, analyzing the impact krill has had on salmon growth performance, fillet quality and health over time. They wanted to get a holistic view on krill’s role in the fish diet versus plant- and animal-based alternatives. They also wanted to pinpoint the key benefits of krill when it’s part of the fish diet.

Here are their three, primary conclusions:

Krill promotes higher feed intake and enhanced growth performance

Krill meal is a rich source of protein, phospholipids, omega-3 fatty acids such as EPA and DHA, as well as feed attractants and

22 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

ai1659709269130_IRIDA_PRINT_AD_05-08-22_OUT_102.5x280_ENG.pdf

the diet resulted in a significant increase in feed intake, weight gain and Specific Growth Rate after their sea water transfer.

In another trial in which krill was used to replace fish meal in a pre-slaughter diet, the fish consuming the krill exhibited significantly higher weight gain versus the control group that consumed the fish meal diet.

Krill improves fillet quality & flesh pigmentation

The firmness and coloring of the salmon fillets are critical for consumer satisfaction. When the fillets have lost their integrity or are discolored, this can result in substantial losses for the farmers.

To this end, scientists have invested much research into finding feed ingredients that contribute to firmer fillets and the much sought after pinkish-red color.

In one study with Atlantic salmon, the researchers found that 12 percent inclusion of krill meal in the feed resulted in much firmer fillets. Krill meal is known for its positive effects in maintaining native collagen structure, which plays a critical role in maintaining fillet integrity.

The astaxanthin in krill is credited for the improved coloration in the salmon fillets, as it’s a natural carotenoid – a pigment that salmon cannot synthesize but instead must ingest through the dietary feed. In addition, astaxanthin is a natural antioxidant.

Krill benefits liver, intestinal and heart health

The nutritional nature of krill is shown to improve the fatty acid profile in fish. While the lipids in fish meal are bound to triglycerides, the omega-3 fatty acids in krill are bound to phospholipids. This results in greater absorption of the fatty acids into the fish tissue. It’s an effect that has proven beneficial for liver, intestinal and heart health in multiple studies.

International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 23

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In above mentioned study with Atlantic salmon (Mørkøre, T et al, 2020), researchers also discovered that 12 percent inclusion of krill meal in the diet led to reduced liver paleness in Atlantic salmon.

This same study showed that krill meal also helped reduce fatty hearts, indicating that the krill played a role in influencing lipid transport and deposition in different organs.

Gut health is an emerging issue in fish. Gut microbacteria plays a critical role in ensuring gut function and health.

Around 2-4 percent of KM is chitin, which acts as a prebiotic and has been demonstrated to modulate the microbacteria profile in the fish, which could be beneficial for the gut health of fish.

Decades of studies reveal key benefits of krill meal when included in salmon feed

When synthesising all of studies over the years, the Aker BioMarine researchers landed on a few key benefits that result when krill meal is a part of the salmon diet. The first benefit is that just 8-10% krill meal in the diet enhances feed intake and growth performance.

The second is that inclusion levels of 10-15% krill meal in the diet delivers the quality benefits, in terms of improving pigmentation and fillet firmness in salmon.

And finally, with 10-15% krill meal in the salmon diet, there are significant benefits to the heart, intestine, and liver, such as less inflammation and reduced fat accumulation.

Evaluating sustainability when searching for fish feed ingredients Aquaculture research throughout the years has been critical to our understanding of how feed ingredients impact fish health and outcomes. Today we have the added a dimension related to the sustainably of the ingredients, to ensure that we are protecting the very resources on which we depend.

Since krill is such an important part of the marine food chain, it is strictly regulated by the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Resources (CCAMLR).

Companies like Aker BioMarine take sustainability seriously and are committed to catching below the limits, using technology to hinder bycatch and improve efficiency, and to reduce any resulting carbon emissions.

When searching for sustainable ingredients, it’s important to look holistically at the ingredient production process, from harvest all the way to inclusion in the feed.

Krill meal is a value-adding, functional ingredient

As salmon producers continue to focus on sustainability, nutrition, and getting the most out of their dietary feed investment, krill meal’s role as a value-adding, functional feed ingredient will continue to grow. Krill has earned its title as one of the ‘superfoods’ of the aquafeed sector, showing that even just a little goes a long way when it comes to the health and development of its marine consumers.

The research is also there to back it up. Study after study consistently shows that krill is important for fish growth, health, as well as the end consumer product, the fillet, which can in turn help producers increase their profitability.

The krill journey may begin in the deep Antarctic waters, but its potential is global and widespread. It’s an asset that can support the global aquaculture industry, keeping it thriving and sustainable as we work to meet the worlds’ everincreasing food needs.

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International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 25

Functional hydrolysates

by Mikael Herault, R&D Performance Measurement Manager, Paul Seguin Asia Pacific Director Symrise Aqua Feed, Holzminden, Germany & Dr Muhammad Kabir, Associate Professor at Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh

Bringing added value to omnivorous fish species feeds

Omnivorous fish species are known to be less demanding in terms of nutritional and palatability requirements and yet hydrolysate supplementation resulted in greatly improved production yields and incomes.

palatable, raw materials, such as fish meal, but also in terms of welfare, being very sensitive to stressful events, which often result in feeding drops. In this context, the use of PE is intuitive, and expected benefits are well perceived by both farmers and feed manufacturers.

everal biological benefits are associated to protein hydrolysates, and they’ve been used in finfish larval and juvenile diets for several decades now, mostly due to their high palatability and digestibility.

Symrise Aqua Feed, which has been producing functional protein hydrolysates for more than 20 years, has recently promoted the long-term use of a new generation of liquid hydrolysates formulated to be used as Palatability Enhancers (PE, Extrapal range, please refer to references) in carnivorous fish species dietary formulations.

These species are known to be requiring in terms of dietary compositions, with the need of

More robust

S

Table 1: Tilapia basal diet composition.

Ingredients

%

US$/mt

Soybean meal

26.32

620.00

Maize

23.58

390.00

Rapeseed

15.26

415.00

Full fat soya

13.16

1250.00

Deoiled Rice Bran

10.00

283.00

Rice polish

2.63

65.00

DDGS

2.63

360.00

Corn gluten meal

2.63

790.00

Poultry meal

2.63

1023.00

Sardine fish oil

0.32

27430.00

Vitamin & mineral premix

0.32

24040.00

Binder

0.32

1160.00

Soya oil

0.21

650.00 737.69

26 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

In contrast, freshwater omnivorous fish species are not perceived as very requiring and considered as more robust. In these species, feed acceptance becomes an issue during very specific periods, such as wintering, and is therefore not perceived as a need. Challenges quoted by this industry are mostly related to feed costs and disease outbreaks.

Symrise Aqua Feed has developed a cost-effective solution to meet these needs by designing ActiTuna Oil. It has been formulated with the right balance of tuna oil and protein hydrolysate, to make its top coating application easier to feed manufacturers as a one step process.

ActiTuna Oil has been designed to

increase omnivorous fish feed palatability and digestibility with the reduction of feed production costs as a final purpose.

To evaluate the performance of the productin omnivorous fish species, two feeding trials were implemented in tilapia and pabda, two fish species commonly farmed in Bangladesh. The study took place at Sylhet Agricultural University.

Trial designs & results

The same experimental design was implemented in both species. A basal diet was supplemented by top-coating 0.5, 1.0 or 2.0% of ActiTuna Oil and was benchmarked to the same basal diet alone. In tilapia, the basal diet consisted in a plant-based diet formulated to be as representative as possible of local commercial practices (31%CP and 6%CF, table 1,) while in pabda, the basal diet consisted in a commercial diet (36%CP, 7%CF) locally available.

Each dietary group consisted in 3 replicates i.e. a total of 12 cages of 3m² for each tested specie, at a stocking density of 100 fish per cage and an initial mean weight of 5.0 g for tilapia and 3.0 g for pabda.

Fish were fed in excess twice a day at a fixed feeding rate (total distributed feed were 17g / tilapia individual and 20g / pabda individual) for 90 days. Water quality parameters remained within fish species requirements with following means: T°C:30.7±0.3, DO (ppm): 5.04±0.1, pH:6.95±0.07, ammonia (ppm): 0.06±0.04, nitrites (ppm): 0.08±0.04.

Both feeding trials were successful with very high survival and growth rates observed after 90 days. Thus, survival rates were at least 93% in both species while SGR were ranging from 3.46% to 4.15%/d for tilapia and from 1.93% to 2.33% for pabda.

Dietary ActiTuna Oil graded supplementations resulted, in both

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Diet

Cage

Row

Distributed feed (g)

Pellet DM %

Pellet CP %

Dry feed eaten (g)

Survival (%)

SGR

FCR bio

FCR eco

FPC

PER

FI/ ABW/J (g/kg/d)

Survival

N T0

N Tfinal

Dead Weight (g)

B T0 (g)

B Tfinal (g)

1

D1

D

2000.0

87.70

34.82

1754.00

97.00

1.77

1.48

1.68

0.97

1.71

1957.92

1.40

100

97

0

302.1

1489.6

1187.5

3.02

14.90

1

D2

D

2000.0

88.87

35.02

1777.40

97.00

2.01

1.17

1.31

0.76

2.18

1674.74

1.40

100

97

0

299

1823.6

1524.6

2.99

18.24

1

D3

D

2000.0

88.79

34.91

1775.80

98.00

2.00

1.16

1.31

0.76

2.18

1668.12

1.43

100

98

0

302.3

1826.8

1524.5

3.02

18.27

2

D4

D

2000.0

87.25

35.03

1745.00

98.00

2.06

1.08

1.24

0.72

2.31

1573.70

1.43

100

98

0

299.7

1918

1618.3

3.00

19.18

2

D5

D

2000.0

87.25

35.21

1745.00

98.00

2.03

1.12

1.28

0.75

2.22

1614.32

1.43

100

98

0

300.5

1861.4

1560.9

3.01

18.61

2

D6

D

2000.0

88.79

34.99

1775.80

98.00

1.91

1.28

1.44

0.84

1.99

1780.96

1.43

100

98

0

302

1692.2

1390.2

3.02

16.92

3

D7

D

2000.0

88.70

35.97

1774.00

100.00

2.11

1.02

1.15

0.68

2.41

1514.49

1.57

100

100

0

304.1

2038.6

1734.5

3.04

20.39

3

D8

D

2000.0

88.71

36.91

1774.20

99.00

2.18

0.96

1.08

0.64

2.50

1446.67

1.47

100

99

0

302.4

2150.4

1848

3.02

21.50

3

D9

D

2000.0

88.90

36.85

1778.00

99.00

2.15

1.00

1.12

0.66

2.42

1489.92

1.47

100

99

0

300.1

2086.6

1786.5

3.00

20.87

4

D10

D

2000.0

88.91

36.98

1778.20

100.00

2.36

0.81

0.91

0.55

2.99

1266.16

1.57

100

100

0

300.2

2508.6

2208.4

3.00

25.09

4

D11

D

2000.0

89.15

36.91

1783.00

99.00

2.27

0.89

0.99

0.60

2.73

1364.24

1.47

100

99

0

300.1

2313.8

2013.7

3.00

23.14

4

D12

D

2000.0

88.88

37.03

1777.60

100.00

2.36

0.80

0.90

0.54

3.01

1256.39

1.57

100

0

301.5

2528.2

2226.7

3.02

25.28

0.002

0.006

0.005

0.005

0.001

0.003

0.017

0.001

0.74

0.001

ANOVA 1f ANOVA 1f / cov

fish species, in significant dose responses for fish mean weights (figures 1a. and 1b.). Maximum weight gains were observed for 2% supplementation with an increase of 86% for tilapia and 43% for pabda.

Resulting production yields, as calculated in metric tons per hectare of rearing area, were increased by the same range of values (+97% and 52% for tilapia and pabda respectively).

Since feed rations were fixed and remained the same thorough the whole trial duration, growth differences are mostly explained by a better feed utilisation through two main patterns: enhanced feed palatability reducing feed waste and diet digestibility increasing diet assimilation, both being illustrated by FCR and PER values (figures 2a., 2b, 3a. and 3b).

Dose responses to dietary ActiTuna Oil graded supplementations were very high, with up to 49% and 34% FCR reductions in tilapia and pabda respectively. These benefits can be further developed by two positive outcomes: 1. Much higher PER values (Protein Efficiency Ratio, +92% and +44% for tilapia and pabda respectively) resulting in much lower nitrogen pollution in ponds 2. Much lower feed production costs, as defined by the invested feed costs in US$ per kilogram of produced biomass: -47% and – 33% for tilapia and pabda respectively.

Enhance feed palatability & efficiency

Functional hydrolysates from Symrise Aqua Feed Actipal range are designed to enhance feed palatability, feed efficiency and the overall health status of animals through specific peptide profiles. The synergic effect of water soluble free amino acids, short peptide chains and bioactive peptides brings out the optimal flavour of the feed, stimulating the taste buds and modulating metabolic pathways of the aquatic animals.

This stimulation triggers a series of physiological and endocrinal responses, preparing the digestive system to properly digest the feed and modulate the microbiota in the gut.

These results show that there is still some room for feed cost optimisation through better feed acceptance and assimilation, even in omnivorous fish species. Figures 4a and 4b focus on the economic benefit of using ActiTuna Oil as a dietary performance enhancer.

The bar graphs show the expected sales revenues considering local tilapia and pabda farm gate prices (1.582 and 3.150 US$/kg of fish for tilapia and pabda, respectively). While feed costs remain the same, and by extrapolation other variable and fixed costs (seeds, electricity, wages etc), revenues can be 96% (tilapia) or 51% (pabda) higher leaving a possible raw margin increased by 69% for pabda and 424% for tilapia productions, assuming other variable costs are negligeable compared to feed.

28 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

Weigth gain

IMW (g)

FMW (g)

Yield

Yield value

Feed costs

Margin

ROI (%)

CF

HSI %

Fat% (IPF)

VSI %

Int DM %

Int CP %

3.96

12468.75

5.08

16008.30

3853.33

8615.42

223.58

0.503

0.75

0.75

1.42

32.2

16.9

3853.33

12154.97

315.44

0.494

0.68

0.91

1.40

31.0

16.5

5.08

16007.25

3853.33

12153.92

315.41

0.533

0.66

1.26

1.49

32.7

16.9

5.39

16992.15

3898.33

13093.82

335.88

0.484

0.58

0.61

1.56

31.2

5.20

16389.45

3898.33

12491.12

320.42

0.528

0.73

0.63

1.48

33.1

4.63

14597.10

3898.33

10698.77

274.44

0.576

0.58

0.74

1.51

5.78

18212.25

3943.33

14268.92

361.85

0.533

0.59

0.93

1.32

6.16

19404.00

3943.33

15460.67

392.07

0.525

0.92

0.92

5.96

18758.25

3943.33

14814.92

375.70

0.578

0.97

7.36

23188.20

4033.33

19154.87

474.91

0.564

6.71

21143.85

4033.33

17110.52

424.23

7.42

23380.35

4033.33

19347.02

479.68

0.001

0.001

Int CF %

Int Ash %

Liver DM %

Liver CP %

Liver CF %

Liver Ash %

Muscle DM %

Muscle CP %

Muscle CF %

Muscle Ash %

11.52

2

29.91

13.307

10.12

1.99

28.07

12.458

11.91

2

12

1.98

33.79

21.011

8.033

2.02

32.88

21.361

8.012

11.6

2.02

27.15

12.007

11.25

2

2.12

33.91

22.061

8.3

2.5

15.3

11.2

2.21

27.31

17.2

11.25

2.38

29.91

13.159 14.007

10

2.21

34.97

23.462

6.86

2.5

11.85

2.81

34

21.361

7.21

2.81

31.9

17.0

10.95

2.46

29.34

32.0

16.5

11.37

2

29.51

13.758 14.758

11.87

2.5

32.98

21.011

7.21

2.48

10.95

2.5

34.2

22.411

6.767

1.42

34.0

18.0

11.3

2.5

32.04

15.859

2.46

10.61

2.98

35.1

23.462

6.81

0.97

1.29

31.9

17.3

11.09

2.5

31.71

2.78

16.509

10.25

3

34.7

23.112

6.85

0.94

0.94

1.40

33.8

18.8

10.7

2.49

2.46

29.7

16.007

10.09

2.46

36.98

24.512

8.333

0.591

1.09

1.09

1.26

32.9

17.9

11.01

2.46

2.51

31.17

16.758

10

2.81

35.18

23.112

8.02

0.599

0.81

0.81

1.27

33.1

18.0

2.5

10.49

2.81

29.99

15.956

10.3

2.21

36.51

23.812

8

2.81

0.08

0.079

0.11

0.012

0.34

0.07

0.56

0.02

0.1

0.000

0.052

0.03

0.01

0.036

0

0.11

Note that observed differences between the two species are explained by the fact that feeding trial started with bigger tilapia fish while this specie grows much faster than pabda.

Returns on investment (ROIs) were calculated doing the ratios between revenue gains over feed investment costs. Logically, ROI increases followed the same pattern than raw margin ones. Maximum ROIs were observed for 2% ActiTuna Oil dietary supplementations: 144% and 460% for tilapia and pabda respectively.

Besides economic considerations, it is worth mentioning that a lower pond water pollution resulting from lower FCR will also contribute to better fish welfare, significantly reducing the risks of disease outbreaks and production losses.

Illustrating the positive outcomes

The two feeding trials presented in this article typically illustrate the positive outcomes, which one may expect from the dietary application of a functional hydrolysate -ActiTuna Oil- by top coating (please see references).

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International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 29

20/12/2021 19:02

Figure 1a. and 1b. Tilapia and Pabda final mean weights (left bars, in g) and yield (right bars, in mT/ha) after 90 days of grow-out trial (p<0.001).

Figure 2a. and 2b. Tilapia and Pabda economic FCR (left bars) and resulting feed production costs (right bars, in US$/kg of produced biomass) after 90 days of grow-out trial.

PER

VHS (p=0,0000) ANOVA + LSD

4,50

a

4,00 3,50

3,36

3,00

c

2,50

d 2,00

3,85

b

1,50

+91,5%

2,46

2,01

+67,2% +22,4%

1,00 0,50 0,00

Control Tilapia

Control + 0.5% ATO L340

Control + 1% ATO L340

Control + 2% ATO L340

Figure 3a. and 3b. Tilapia and Pabda PER after 90 days of grow-out trial (p<0.01).

Figure 4a. and 4b. Tilapia and Pabda feed related economics (costs and raw margin, out of sales, in US$/ha and ROI, in %) after 90 days of grow-out trial (p<0.01).

What is rather uncommon is the demonstration of such enhanced production figures in omnivorous fish species, generally considered less requiring in terms of dietary composition, nutrients, and palatability.

Farm gate prices of these species are also usually lower than those of marine fish species, which leave less margin for sophisticated feed formula. However, estimated values of farm revenues, margins and feed ROIs demonstrated it is possible to generate much higher added values to omnivorous fish species feed formulas and farm productions. 2% dietary supplementation of ActiTuna Oil resulted in the maximum growth rates, yields, revenues, and ROIs. This combined solution can be easily applied by top coating at oil’s place.

We’ve detailed the positive outcomes expected by fish farmers (higher incomes, lower water pollution and disease risks) and mostly explained them by a higher feed acceptance (palatability) and assimilation (digestibility), which answer the industry needs of lower feed costs and disease risks, as introduced at the beginning of this article.

Now, if considering feed manufacturers’ perspectives, top coating application of ActiTuna Oil will bring uniqueness and differentiation to standard formula, on which competition is tough, while giving formulators much more flexibility in terms of raw material choices – a great asset in these times of scarcity and cost volatilities!

All references are available on request

30 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

PRODUCTIVITY

NUTRITION

NOURISH PROTECT SUSTAIN

PERFORMANCE

PROTECTION

A MEXICAN FIELD STUDY The benefits of adjusting trace mineral premix in shrimp feed

W

by Kurt Servin Arce, Nutritionist, Nutrimentos Acuicolas Azteca SA de CV, Mexico, Simon J Davies, Editor in Chief, International Aquafeed magazine, UK & Cláudia Figueiredo-Silva, Aquaculture Nutritionist, Zinpro, Portugal

ith supply of raw materials commonly used in the production of shrimp feeds becoming harder to secure, the industry faces unprecedent challenges to ensure consistent delivery of high-quality nutrition.

This, in addition to raw material prices, freight, and energy costs increasing at a pace not

Table 1. Analyzed nutrient composition of the different diets Mineral, ppm

Control (Inorganic)

Control + ZPM (iso both sources)

ZPM

ZPM+

Zn

60.5

60.5 + 60.5

60.5

80

Fe

48.6

48.6 + 48.6

48.6

50

Mn

47.2

47.2 + 47.2

47.2

40

Cu

21

21 + 21

21

40

Se

0.24

0.24 + 0.24

0.24

0.4

Cr

0.4

witnessed for years, is driving the industry to look for new ways to reduce expenses while maintaining or even improving shrimp health and performance.

The nutritional value of feed is affected by ingredients used and the balance of added micronutrients, to include availability of amino acids (AA), fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals, that impact feed efficiency, growth, health, and quality of the final product.

Any change in dietary formulation requires paying special attention to the effect on trace mineral (TM) profiles and consequently TM balance across species and life cycle.

Adjusting Zn and Se source & level

Replacement of inorganic mineral premix (sulfates) with complete metal-AA complexes at 0.5x rate of inorganic sources, resulted in numerically higher body weight, 8.3% reduced FCR, and reduced mortality of shrimp challenged with Vibrio harveyi (Jintasataporn et al, 2015).

Metal-amino acid complexes have an absorption advantage over inorganic minerals because they are minimally antagonised by dietary components such as phytic acid and utilize the AA intestinal transporters instead of common metal transporters.

Davis et al. (1993) reported that L. vanammei required 33 ppm Zn to maintain normal growth and maximize Zn concentration

32 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

Figure 1. Survival rate % of shrimp fed the different TM premixes and grown in ponds naturally infected with Vibrio

in the hepatopancreas, whereas 200 ppm inorganic Zn was required to overcome depressed Zn bioavailability caused by phytates.

More recently, Yuan and co-authors reported improved growth performance and health of shrimp when replacing 120 ppm zinc sulphate with a 60 ppm Zn-AA complex (Yuan et al. 2020), corroborating previous results demonstrating the higher bioavailability of metal-AA complexes vs. inorganic forms (Paripatananont and Lovell, 1995). Interestingly, supplementation with 80 ppm Zn-AA complex was shown to be required to further enhance immune response of shrimp (Shi et al., 2021a), which will be of particular significance under productive challenging conditions.

Moreover, the partial replacement of inorganic Zn and Se with more available sources increased hemocyte count and phenoloxidase activity, reduced cumulative mortality of shrimp challenged by Vibrio harveyi, and improved redness of chilled and frozen shrimp meat.

Adjusting Cu source & level

Figure 2. Harvested biomass of shrimp fed the different TM premixes (target 6 MT/ ha)

Crustaceans utilise hemocyanin as the oxygen-carrying pigment which has an analogous role to hemoglobin in

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red-blooded animals, which partly explains the 4x higher Cu requirement of crustaceans compared to vertebrates. Yuan et al.

(2019a) showed that Cu supplementation significantly improved shrimp growth and FCR. Replacing 30 ppm Cu from CuSO4 with just 15 ppm Cu from Cu-AA complex-maintained shrimp growth and FCR and modulated microbial communities in shrimp intestine.

Percentage of Proteobacteria phylum, which includes the Vibriocaceae family, was significantly reduced in shrimp fed diets partially or completely replacing inorganic Cu with Cu-AA complex at half the rate.

Moreover, partial or complete replacement of CuSO4 with CuAA complex at 0.5x rate significantly improved phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph and increased hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacity (Yuan et al., 2019b). The combination of Cu-AA complex and CuSO4 (total 30 ppm Cu) resulted in numerically better growth than Cu-AA complex at 15 ppm Cu, indicating higher Cu supplementation may be required for maximized shrimp performance.

The latest results indicate that supplementation with metalAA complexes may contribute to growth of more robust shrimp under commercial conditions.

Cr supplementation in shrimp feeds

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Cr is considered an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. Chromium promotes glucose metabolism by increasing the activity of insulin, which lowers blood sugar mainly through the insulin signaling pathway.

Carbohydrates are an important source of energy and by

34 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

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Figure 3. FCR of shrimp fed the different TM premixes

increasing their utilization efficiency, protein can be spared for growth, with important feed cost implications. Recently, we showed that supplementation with Cr-Met, a high bioavailable Cr source, can enhance growth and reduce FCR of shrimp, up to 7.8% and 16%, respectively (Shi et al., 2021b). Supplementation of a basal diet with 0.4 ppm Cr from Cr-Met proved to be the level at which we could improve growth and FCR the most, at an ROI of 20.8%.

Given the current increase in raw material price, supplementation with Cr-Met, alone or in combination with other metal-AA sources, constitutes a cost-effective approach to improve nutrient and energy utilisation, including cheap and traditionally poorly utilized energy sources such as carbohydrates, therefore improving profits significantly.

The present study aimed to evaluate benefits of replacing inorganic trace mineral premix with metal-AA complexes (ZPM) on shrimp performance and survival rate under commercial conditions.

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International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 35

Materials & methods

Shrimp of 0.5 g initial body weight were grown for ~100 days (cycle varying from 95-130 days) in earthen ponds at a stocking density of 100 shrimp per m2 and 5-6 ppt. Feeds were produced at a commercial feed plant in Mexico, following ingredient and nutrient composition of a typical commercial shrimp feed.

Four feeds were produced, varying in their trace mineral premix, as described in embedded table.

Inorganic trace mineral premix used in the Control diet was combined with ZPM (Zinpro® Performance Minerals®) premix (Control+ZPM) or completely replaced with ZPM (ZPM diet).

An additional diet was produced to include fortified ZPM premix (ZPM+), by giving special attention to trace minerals critical in the modulation of shrimp immune system (Zn, Se, Cu, and Cr).

Table 2. Economic Analysis Control

Control+ZPM

ZPM

ZPM+

Economic Benefit over Control Feed Cost, USD/tone

900.00

910.72

910.72

915.88

Feed kg/0.5ha

2447.16

4367.21

4384.06

4760.50

Total Feed Cost

2202.44

3977.31

3992.65

4360.04

Shrimp Price, USD/Kg

4.50

4.50

4.50

4.50

Harvest Cost, USD/kg

0.40

0.40

0.40

0.40

Harvest Cost, USD/0.5ha

535.63

1227.32

1119.33

1316.27

Income Shrimp USD/0.5ha

6025.84

13807.35

12592.50

14808.00

Income over feed cost+harvest cost, USD/0.5ha

3287.76

8602.72

7480.52

9131.69

Advantage over control, USD/0.5ha

5314.96

4192.76

5843.92

Advantage over control,%

161.66

127.53

177.75

Results & discussion

The low survival rates registered with Control are the result of Vibrio Figure 4. Zinc content in shrimp whole body, shell and muscle outbreaks registered at the farm.

Our study shows that replacement of inorganic TM premix with ZPM may double survival rates of shrimp raised under commercial conditions (Fig. 1), validating the importance of adjusting TM level and source to enhance resilience of farmed shrimp.

Survival rate was highest in shrimp fed Control+ZPM treatment, indicating that higher TM levels than those tested in this study may results in additional productivity.

Regardless of the Figure 5. Selenium content in shrimp whole body, shell and muscle treatment, adjustment of inorganic TM premix with ZPM increased deposited in the muscle while Cu and Mn are preferentially harvested biomass (Fig. 2) and significantly deposited in the shell (data not shown). reduced FCR (Fig.3), translating in positive Results are in accordance with reports that copper-containing return on investment (ROI), measured by prophenoloxidases of crustaceans and insects are directly additional income over feed cost (Table involved in cross-linking and hardening of the exoskeleton during 1). molting and repair (Terwilliger 1999), which may at least partly Importantly, FCR improvement explain reduced shell issues reported in the field with ZPM diets. will amount to less nutrient Although not measured in a systematic way, additional benefits waste being excreted to the of replacing inorganic with ZPM TM have been reported at the environment, contributing for farm, namely, colour enhancement (from A2 to A3 or A4) and a more sustainable way of concomitant market acceptance, and increased product shelf-life. producing shrimp. Analysis Best ROI was found with ZPM+ treatment (>150%, Table 1), of the TM content in shrimp confirming the benefits of reinforcing at least Zn (up to 80ppm) whole body, muscle and Se (up to 0.4) levels and supplementing Cr (0.4ppm) in diets and shell showed that of shrimp raised under health challenging conditions.

TMs such as Zn (Fig. References to be provided upon request 4) and Se (Fig.5) are preferentially 36 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Tech update SeaProtean Pen

Innovasea, a global leader in technologically advanced aquatic solutions for aquaculture and fish tracking, recently introduced the SeaProtean Pen, a rugged but lightweight submersible fish pen that features the industry’s smoothest buoyancy control system to alleviate fish stress and simplify operation.

SeaProtean is made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and can be raised and lowered by a single worker by simply opening a valve. This enables operators to easily avoid rough seas or significant storms that would batter traditional surface pens, protecting not only the farm’s infrastructure but also its precious fish stocks.

Unlike other submersible HDPE pens, the smooth movement provided by the three-chambered buoyancy system prevents fish stocks from experiencing dangerous barotrauma. It also gives farm personnel the precision necessary to find the perfect depth and water temperature for the species being grown.

39 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Aquaculture in Europe Why is the industry not progressing in the region?

by Erik Hempel, International Aquafeed magazine

I was recently invited to participate in a webinar on “Global expertise – Technology’s role in lifting European aquaculture production.” When I was asked to do this, I was very reluctant, so I had a long discussion with our publisher, Roger Gilbert, about my reservations.

The problem is that I am not a technologist. I am a Political Scientist. And what do political scientists know about aquaculture technology? Not much, I suspect.

But we political scientists have been told by our professors that while technologists are occupied with details and very hands-on ideas and problems, we political scientists are operating on “a higher level.”

We are focusing on problems of power and influence and distribution of power, about global trends in politics, but also trends within technology and how this will influence the development of industry and commerce.

So I after our long discussion, I sat down to get an overview of the problem: why is European aquaculture not progressing?

I ran across articles that claimed that “Aquaculture sector thriving in the European Union,” which on closer examination turned out to be fake news. When I examined the numbers, I found that European aquaculture (with the notable exception of Norway) was more characterised by a lack of development – a lack of “thriving.” Most reviews and evaluations I ran across were marked by an unfounded optimism and belief in success, often supported by incorrect data or very favourable interpretations of data. But what the facts indicated, was that European Union aquaculture is not thriving.

On the contrary, it seems to have got stuck in a culde-sac. It has stagnated and does not seem to be able to lift itself out of this stagnation. Hence our question

‘Can technology help?’ But our question should perhaps rather be: “Why has European aquaculture stagnated? And why has Norwegian aquaculture not stagnated?”

Past development

A quick look a statistics shows that EU aquaculture production showed growth from the 1950s until the turn of the century, and then stagnated. Since 2000, EU aquaculture production has been relatively flat at around 1.0 to 1.1 million tonnes per year.

Norwegian aquaculture, on the other hand, had a slow start in the 1970s and 80s, and then really took off in the 1990s.

Some of the driving forces behind Norwegian aquaculture have been market development, but also research and technological development.

The focus was very early on reducing production costs and improving performance. In later years, attention has turned to other aspects, like environmental protection, fighting parasites and disease, and dealing with various attacks by special interest

40 | November 2022 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY groups on aquaculture in general.

If we look at past statistics, we see that while Norwegian aquaculture production has grown at record rates and reached record levels, European aquaculture production has been stagnant and even showing signs of a slight decline.

Species

Table 1: EU 27 aquaculture production by species Volume in tonnes. Source: FAO FishStatJ FAOSTAT group of species

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Aquatic Animals NEI

108

109

108

109

162

136

Aquatic Plants

433

422

359

300

596

613

Cephalopods

1

1

1

2

1

1

Crustaceans

283

381

377

354

422

421

Demersal Marine Fish

167 532

168 390

185 036

195 546

198 289

202 804

Freshwater and Diadromous Fish

296 364

299 029

326 717

331 687

307 505

318 899

1 979 Could the difference be rooted in Molluscs excl. Cephalopods 570 872 577 397 591 906 610 846 654 509 604 332 the selection of species? European aquaculture has been involved in a Pelagic Marine Fish 3 763 5 435 6 140 6 677 11 343 12 106 number of species, like salmon, trout, TOTAL EU 27 1 040 374 1 052 431 1 111 598 1 146 613 1 173 957 1 141 290 seabass, seabream, etc. Norway, NEI = Not Elsewhere Included on the other hand, has basically concentrated on two very similar European seabass (84,430 tonnes in 2019) and Gilthead seabream species: rainbow trout and salmon. Attempts at introducing new (93,639 tonnes). species in Norwegian aquaculture have met with limited success.

In the “Freshwater and diadromous” group, two species Of the total registered EU 27 production of 1,141,290 tonnes dominate: common carp (73,464 tonnes in 2019) and rainbow in 2019, 136 tonnes of aquatic animals and 613 tonnes of aquatic trout (179,362 tonnes). plants were included. Of the rest, finfish constituted 46.9 percent Other than this, EU 27 production is very limited. So in fact, the of the total, and molluscs constituted 53.0 percent of the total.

EU 27 countries also focus on very few species that are cultivated Thus molluscs constitute the largest species group by far in on a grand scale. Therefore, the number of species cultured does the EU. But mollusc production is technologically not very far not seem to have influenced development. advanced. Basically, it has been rather primitive for years, and little research seems to have gone into mollusc production.

The most important species in this group were blue mussels Natural conditions and geographical differences (138,126 tonnes in 2019), sea mussels (228 645 tonnes) and There is no doubt that Norway has very good natural Mediterranean mussels (96,222 tonnes). conditions for marine aquaculture: a long coast that offers In the group “Demersal marine fish”, two species dominate: plenty of protected areas where fish farming can be done. The Marine Fish NEI

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FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY rest of Europe does not have this in great measure, with a few exceptions. Scotland, for example, has similar coastlines and has indeed been able to develop salmon farming of an important magnitude.

Four countries dominate the production of aquaculture species in EU: Spain, France, Italy and Greece. Together, these four countries accounted for 68 percent of the total aquaculture production in the EU in 2019. Of these four countries, only Greece has marine areas that are well protected by islands and inlets along the coast to any significant extent.

Legislation

The EU aquaculture industry seems weighed down by a bureaucratic approach to development. In the new strategic guidelines, which were adopted in 2021, the focus is on environmental protection, human and animal health, building resilience and competitiveness (but not saying anything about how), the green transition, social acceptance, increasing knowledge and innovation (but not how).

In legislation, the EU is more oriented towards legalities in relation to the industry’s relationships with the environment, rather than the needs of the industry. Norwegian legislation, on the other hand, focused on the needs of the industry as a first priority, but within the framework of environmental protection, animal health etc.

Over the years, Norwegian aquaculture legislation has been changed and adapted to the changing situation for the industry several times. Environmental considerations as well as the industry’s competition for locations with other sectors (shipping, fishery, tourism) have also been important.

The EU aquaculture policy is on the whole a typical bureaucratic document that is more concerned with bureaucratic regulations and considerations than with developing an industry.

It appears to be an endless collection of words with very little relevance to aquaculture development.

Attitude

In my opinion, one of the main differences between Norwegian and EU aquaculture may be a matter of attitude. Attitude about money, investments, dividends, and time. While Norwegian aquaculture today is characterised by huge amounts of money going into investment, and over the longer-term giving huge returns, European aquaculture seems to have been less interested in investing in improvements, and more interested in taking out immediate profits. It may be a matter of long-term economic sustainability vs short-term profit-taking.

Technology

And then we come to technology. Are the Norwegians so far ahead technologically? Has their technology given them a competitive advantage?

I do not think so. The technology available to Norwegian fish farmers is also available to European fish farmers. In fact, Norwegian technology producers are all keen to sell their technology to other countries. And they have done so. They have sold technology to Chile, to China, to Russia, to Scotland, to Southeast Asia, and to Mediterranean countries.

But technology is a very complex term. Aquaculture technology today includes biology, marine architecture, communications, surveillance and monitoring technologies, automation, nutrition, feed production technology, feeding procedures, disease treatment, parasites handling, etc.

Consequently, the fish farmer must be aware of all of these technologies and how they interact and can be used by him,

Table 2: EU27 aquaculture production by country Volume in tonnes.

Source: FAO FishStatJ 2022

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

4 250

Austria

3 503

3 483

3 862

3 991

Belgium

82

44

75

111

86

Bulgaria

13 537

15 762

15 752

16 342

16 514

Croatia

15 572

15 805

16 034

18 067

19 445

Cyprus

5 459

6 625

7 275

7 347

8 079

Czechia

20 200

20 952

21 685

21 751

20 986

Denmark

35 867

36 337

37 498

36 453

40 221

Estonia

799

868

870

944

1 062

Finland

14 877

14 412

14 587

14 164

15 296

France

163 353

180 611

188 606

187 465

196 151

Germany

29 909

41 801

35 979

34 196

40 756

Greece

107 162

123 707

125 525

132 365

128 822

Hungary

17 337

16 248

18 258

17 852

17 283

Ireland

39 650

40 244

45 433

36 896

37 914

Italy

148 763

157 000

157 000

143 338

143 600

Latvia

863

788

808

830

609

Lithuania

4 450

4 393

3 749

3 750

4 202

Malta

5 913

6 073

7 106

10 022

4 041

Netherlands

62 795

62 185

52 185

53 335

46 350 44 719

Poland

36 971

38 293

38 800

43 361

Portugal

9 563

9 787

12 509

13 991

13 691

Romania

11 042

12 574

12 798

12 298

12 848

Slovakia

1 309

2 169

2 646

2 224

2 688

Slovenia

1 617

1 859

1 750

1 944

2 144

Spain

289 821

283 831

311 032

347 825

308 033

Sweden

12 020

15 747

14 793

13 095

11 502

TOTAL EU

1 052 431

1 111 598

1 146 613

1 173 957

1 141 290

and how they may play together. Not an easy task. Technology is developed for a reason, usually to achieve improvement of some sort, such as improved feeds, reduced production costs, prevention of disease, etc.

Technology improvement requires research and research costs money, requires investment.

A confusing excuse

In view of the somewhat bureaucratic legal and regulatory framework in the EU, why should European investors invest in European aquaculture? It seems much more expedient to invest in aquaculture elsewhere – like Latin America, Asia and Africa.

In my opinion, technology alone cannot lift European aquaculture production much. Technology can instead become a confusing weight around the neck of European aquaculture. A confusing excuse unless you understand what you want to use it for. But it can also offer useful solutions to important challenges.

What is needed is a different attitude, both on the part of the authorities and the investors. The authorities must understand that what they provide is the enabling environment. Nothing more.

That includes legislation, a regulatory framework and an efficient administration of this framework.

What the investors should contribute is funding that will enable the operators to realise their plans and hopes. But investors must be patient. It takes time to develop an industry. Time and knowledge.

42 | November 2022 - Fish Farming Technology

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LAND-BASED SALMON FARMING

Mt Cook Alpine Salmon to build new innovative facility in New Zealand

by Mt Cook Alpine Salmon, New Zealand

A prototype for New Zealand's first sustainable, landbased salmon farm is in the early stages of development, with backing from the Ministry for Primary Industries' Sustainable Food and Fibre Futures (SFF Futures) fund.

SFF Futures is committing NZ$6.7 million (NZ$1 ~ US$0.58) over six years to the NZ$16.7 million project, which was officially launched in Twizel today. Oceans and Fisheries Minister David Parker attended the launch and visited the freshwater salmon farms to hear about Mt Cook Alpine Salmon's plans for building the prototype.

“Demand for healthy, sustainably produced aquaculture products continues to grow, and land-based salmon farming will enable New Zealand to boost the supply of this high-quality, high-value product,” says Steve Penno, MPI's director of investment programmes.

Mr Penno says the project aligns with the Government's aquaculture strategy, which outlines a sustainable growth pathway to an additional $3 billion in annual revenue.

“Land-based aquaculture is a key pillar of the aquaculture strategy, which relies on innovation across the aquaculture sector.

This project is an excellent example of smart thinking to explore what land-based farming could look like for New Zealand, based on next generation salmon farming techniques,” he continues.

“It also fits with the Government and industry Fit for a Better World roadmap for the food and fibre sector, which aims to boost sustainability, productivity and jobs over 10 years.”

A new way of farming

“There are always risks associated with innovative projects like this and Government support helps cushion this risk and accelerate outcomes,” comments David Cole, Mt Cook Alpine Salmon CEO, who says the company is delighted to be partnering with SFF Futures.

“Despite the difficult market conditions over the last few years, our customers love the taste of our unique freshwater King Salmon and demand continues to exceed our supply. This cofunding enables us to expand our production capacity through a new way of farming that has the potential to be a game-changer for the company and the aquaculture sector in New Zealand.”

Mr Cole says the plan is to create a sustainable 1000 metric tonne hybrid structure that will use a part flow-through system to emulate the unique conditions of the glacial-fed canals. The facility will be designed to optimise energy use through gravityfed water and integrating renewable and low-energy solutions.

“This differs from the recirculated water systems used by most overseas land-based farms. The design will capture waste, control the flows better to suit the fish, and provide a stable, ideal growing environment. Being land-based, it has the opportunity to deliver greater automation and monitoring systems in an allweather working environment.

“The nutrients from the salmon operation will be collected to support an aquaponics crop, taking a circular approach and generating value from a zero-value waste stream. This will link to a wetland area that would further purify the water,” says Mr Cole.

The location of the farm had yet to be determined, although early indications suggest that it could be within either the Mackenzie or Waitaki Districts.

Salmon farming pioneers

Other initiatives that will be explored through the SFF Futures partnership include new best practice processing standards for ready-to-eat salmon, and trialling the commercial viability of Sockeye salmon, which is usually seasonal and generally only available as wild-caught.

“Mt Cook Alpine Salmon pioneered salmon farming in the hydro-canals in 1992. It is very fitting that it will continue to lead

44 | November 2022 - Fish Farming Technology

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

the way with this innovative approach to a land-based farm,” says Sir Bill English Mt Cook Alpine Salmon Board Chairman, describing it is an exciting project.

“A successful pilot will see the opportunity to scale up and to later replicate the proven concept, with huge potential overseas,' continues Sir English.

Steve Penno says that internationally, there are over 70 landbased salmon projects either in their planning stage, under construction, or already in operation. “Mt Cook Alpine Salmon already has international expertise in building land-based salmon farms within its aquaculture division and will harness this

knowledge. They'll also consult with global experts to design the advanced water management system.”

Mr Penno says the project would lead to new job opportunities in Twizel. “This new salmon farming approach could lead to significant employment and professional career opportunities in both aquaculture and applied technologies, in a remote part of the country.

“It will build on our international reputation as a producer of high-quality aquaculture products and develop another opportunity to create a nutritionally rich protein product, that can be offered to consumers,” he concludes.

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TECHNOLOGY SH Innovations this month November 2022 In this month’s Product Showcase we address water quality in aquaculture, which is particularly crucial in RAS facilities, including a drain waste collection system, a smart monitoring system and a UV disinfection system, all to improve water quality in fish farming.

If you would like your product or service to appear in this section in a future edition of International Aquafeed and Fish Farming Technology magazine, then please contact us at editorial@perendale.co.uk

High Efficiency Reverse Osmosis (HERO™) by Aquatech A reverse osmosis technology that’s specially designed to treat high silica and difficult to treat water. The HERO™ process offers the end user high recoveries as well as significant operational benefits by effectively preventing membrane fouling or scaling.

In some instances, HERO™ could be used to replace or supplement an evaporation process as a cost-effective method of achieving zero liquid discharge. HERO™ technology has over 60 installations around the world.

There are many benefits to using HERO™, such as a high recovery rate, salt rejection and flux, along with reduced fouling, maintenance and lower operational costs.

There are also significant economic advantages to using HERO™ too, including minimal offline cleaning and running on common chemical feed (cutting the cost of expensive cleaning chemicals). www.aquatech.com

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aquaHub by Innovasea Described as the core of the system deployed in the field, aquaHub can be easily mounted to existing aquaculture infrastructure or feed barges.

Utilising a digital receiver, communications modem and state of the art electronics, the aquaHub can support up to 100 aquaMeasure sensors within a 500m radius.

The aquaHub was made with the understanding of the remoteness of aquaculture environments, so it supports many telemetry protocols for cloud communications including Cellular, Wi-Fi and Iridium.

It is designed in a rugged, waterproof housing that stands up to the rough, open water conditions of remote locations. The hub also supports third-party sensors like weather stations, via its auxiliary sensor port and features internal memory for backup purposes.

Key features included are underwater communications, easy mount, remote telemetry, mobile configuration and bluetooth connectivity. www.innovasea.com

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PIVOT by Deep Trekker Built with tough materials like carbon fibre and aluminium, paired with magnetically coupled thrusters, stainless steel components and sapphire lens cover ensures durability in the harshest of conditions, the Deep Trekker PIVOT performs efficient, accurate and convenient inspections and surveys with the Pivot Smart.

Equipped with six strong thrusters powered by lithium ion batteries, the PIVOT provides users with stability, power, speed and control in a portable package. Lateral movement and 220 degree range of motion on the high definition camera, allows users to complete inspections in a timely, straightforward manner.

Under 37 pounds and contained within two Pelican cases, the PIVOT is easily portable. With battery tubes under 100w/hr the PIVOT is certified for both passenger and cargo airplanes for easy and convenient travel.

With the handheld 7” LCD controller and straightforward operations, the PIVOT is easy to use allowing operators to be trained quickly. Finally, the modular design makes adding tools convenient - even in the field. www.deeptrekker.com

HOWCASE UV Steriliser – Classic series by Aqua Ultra Classic Series Sterilizers are perfect for both experienced and non-experienced end users. Ultraviolet light sanitization is versatile technology used for disinfecting water, other opaque liquids, hard surfaces and air. Using the same germicidal rays as the sun, but hundreds of times stronger, this Ultraviolet water purification systems offer a reliable, cost effective, environmentally friendly alternative to chemicals and their resulting biproducts. Aqua Ultraviolet water purification systems will eradicate these organisms without any harmful residuals. The UV controls the spread of fish disease, viruses, and other harmful pathogens, as well as keeping your water clear by destroying free floating algae. The ultraviolet light sanitizer emits a germicidal ray which alters or disrupts the DNA or RNA of single celled organisms. The Classic Series ultraviolet water purification system is compact and lightweight, ideal for ponds, aquariums, and water features.

Classic Series units are designed for maximum ultraviolet light sanitization and effectiveness. https:// aquaultraviolet.com

www.onlinemillingschool.com Open Channel PP UV disinfection systems by UltraAqua The Open Channel PP from UltraAqua series offers safe, chemical-free disinfection for a wide range of aquaculture applications.

The vertical PP lamp banks specifically excel in intensive aquaculture applications, such as recirculation (RAS) and flow-through treatment performance where rearing of certain species requires saline environments.

The polypropylene (PP) material makes the Open Channel series the right choice for saline and highly corrosive environments, as it possesses excellent resilience to temperature fluctuation, chemicals, and salts, ideal for the disinfection of warm salt water and other corrosive fluids.

The lamp bank frame allows a wide selection of depths and widths, making the systems customisable to fit into virtually any channel dimension. Additionally, the dry top compartment allows for easy and quick standard maintenance procedures and can be done without removing the lamp bank from the water. https://ultraaqua.com

fishfarmingtechnology.net International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 47

CS

Aquaculture case study

Atlantic salmon

Aquaculture researchers developing ‘final piece in the puzzle’ for fish health

Researchers in Scotland are developing a firstof-its-kind immunology tool for Atlantic salmon that could be the final piece in the puzzle for monitoring all aspects of fish health from a single blood sample.

by SAIC, Scotland

With funding support from the UK Seafood Innovation Fund (SIF) and the Sustainable Aquaculture Innovation Centre (SAIC), the project team of the University of the West of Scotland (UWS), WellFish Diagnostics, Bakkafrost Scotland, Vertebrate Antibodies Limited (VAL), and the University of Aberdeen's Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre will develop antibodies to probe key markers in fish blood that indicate an immune system response to four of the most common health challenges.

During the five month-feasibility project, the consortium will investigate immunological biomarkers for pancreas disease, complex gill disease, bacterial infection, and cardiomyopathy syndrome (CMS) in salmon.

In a second phase of the project, they will use these biomarkers to develop a commercially available 'high throughput' blood testing platform based on WellFish Diagnostics' existing rapid clinical chemistry-based health assessment kits.

A non-lethal early warning system

Having access to immunological data from salmon stocks will provide farmers with a non-lethal early warning system for potential health issues, allowing them to monitor the progress of health challenges, check how the fish respond, and establish which treatments have been most effective for fish recovery.

The farmers can then take early and appropriate action to protect salmon.

The new approach – taken from similar immunological testing used for humans and agricultural animals – will separate infection-based responses from other potential stressors, such as nutritional and environmental factors to provide more accurate data. Blood sampling will also mean farmers can take larger, more representative samples from salmon populations.

“The kits we are aiming to develop through this project are the final piece of the puzzle for fish health. Adding the ability to proactively monitor the immune response of salmon to existing diseases will enable quicker, preventative action to be taken when a challenge to fish health emerges – it will be a big step forward and allow farmers to see all aspects of fish health,” says Brian

Quinn, professor of ecotoxicology at UWS's Aquaculture Health Laboratory.

“Because it is non-lethal, we can take larger sample numbers and obtain a broader view of the overall welfare of fish populations. Our aim is to facilitate an even more proactive approach to fish welfare in the aquaculture sector, building on the significant progress already made,” he concludes.

Gaining a more holistic view

“Using our existing clinical chemistry technology as a base, the new immunology kits will help salmon farmers gain a more holistic view of the health of their fish stocks and take remedial action to stop health challenges from growing and spreading.

It will provide an early indication of the presence of a health challenge and what kind of challenge it was, allowing us to see early stages of disease,” adds Dr Josip Barisic, research and development manager at WellFish Diagnostics.

“While this is only the first step towards making this kit commercially available, we have already proved it can be done with our current health tests. When it is fully developed, it will

48 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

CS also support our expansion plans into Norway, Canada, and Chile.”

Applying terrestrial principles to fish health

“This project is another great example of taking what we know about human healthcare and testing for terrestrial animals and applying those principles to fish health,” comments Heather Jones, CEO of SAIC. “It is exciting to see a company that was born out of a SAICfunded project develop into a business with international expansion plans, providing a unique technology that could have a significantly positive impact on fish and aquaculture more generally.

“It is testament to what can be achieved through the combination of academic expertise with sector knowledge, and supports our focus on enhancing fish health, reducing the environmental impact of aquaculture, and supporting a more sustainable sector.”

International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 49

Industry Events

Status updates for industry events amidst global effects of COVID-19

2022

2022

2022

December

2023

13-15 AlgaEurope 2022 Rome, Italy https://algaeurope.org

November

3-5 Future Fish Eurasia Gaziemir – Turkey https://eurasiafairs.com

March 7 Aquatic Asia 2021 Bangkok, Thailand aqfeed.info/e/1696 7 7th Annual Aquafeed Extrusion Conference Bangkok, Thailand https://aqfeed.info/e/1697

9-11 AFIA Equipment Manufacturers Conference 2022 St. Petersburg, Florida, USA www.afia.org 9-11 Ildex Indonesia 2022 Jakarta, Indonesia www.ildex-indonesia.com 15-18 EuroTier 2022 Hannover, Germany www.eurotier.com 29-2 World Aquaculture Singapore 2022 Singapore www.was.org The annual World Aquaculture conference will be held in Singapore for 2022 with involvement from countries throughout the Asian-Pacific region and around the world. Located in the west of Singapore at Singapore EXPO & Convention Centre, the event will take place from November 29 – December 2, 2022.

Described as a major international trade event, visitors will also be afforded the opportunity to learn the latest aquaculture technologies presented by over 250 exhibitors from around the world. Plus, with aquaculture rapidly growing in the Asian-Pacific region and increasingly integrated into the Singapore food systems, 2022 is the perfect time for the world aquaculture community to focus on Singapore.

The B2B event is chock-full of things to do; from exhibitors from around the world with their latest innovations to view to conferences to attend and learn from. There will be plenty of opportunities to network with people from all over the globe as well during these four days with many refreshments breaks and a Happy Hour on the Wednesday and Thursday evenings. Perfect times to create and reinforce your connections with companies from around the world.

There are two plenary speakers scheduled: Grace Fu, Minister for Sustainability and the Environment, Republic of Singapore, as the keynote speaker and Dr Matthias Halwart, Delivery Manager for FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture. They will open the conference and trade show together, followed by nearly 150 sessions held by expert speakers covering various aspects of aquaculture trends, practices and latest technology.

To read more about World Aquaculture Singapore 2022 visit: https://www.was.org/meeting

2023

2023 January

24-26 IPPE Atlanta, USA www.ippexpo.org 2023

February 8-9 Seagriculture Conference Asia-Pacific Online https://seagriculture-asiapacific.com

8-10 VIV Asia 2023 Nonthaburi, Thailand www.vivasia.nl

15-16 AQUAFARM Pordenone, Italy www.aquafarm.show 23-26 Aquaculture America 2023 New Orleans, Louisiana, USA www.was.org

28 - 30 AquaFuture Santiago, Spain https://en.aquafuturespain.com/ 2023

April 18-21 LAQUA 23 Panama City, Panama www.was.org

2023

May 29-1 World Aquaculture 2023 Darwin, Australia www.was.org

2023

June 8-10 VIV Turkey Istanbul, Turkey www.vivturkey.com 21-22 Seagriculture Conference EU 2023 Trondheim, Norway https://seagriculture.eu

☑ See The International Aquafeed team at this event 50 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

Held from September 27 to 30, in Rimini Italy, the international community attended one of the most important events in Europe, as always showing the scientific and technological advances in the sector.

Aquaculture Europe 2022 Setting the tone for the future of international aquaculture

by Clarissa Garza de Yta, International Aquafeed

The European Aquaculture Society (EAS) was the great host of its 2022 annual meeting, where it made very clear the importance and need to collaborate, join and share the vision of aquaculture that the world demands in the constant development of the blue economy.

We are all aware that aquaculture continues to show important challenges in each region and globally: food security, the depletion of natural resources, the loss of biodiversity, climate change, environmental pollution and the multiple efforts that seek a more sustainable industry.

All the above requires the joint work of all the fronts involved and if something is worth admiring, it is the commitment and vision that Europe has, moving towards a circular blue economy, with greater expansion and with the same ambition as the European Green Deal and The Farm to Fork Strategy.

The traditional and emerging sectors of the blue economy, currently operating in the Adriatic, Mediterranean and water bodies across Europe, are expected to grow and expand in the coming years and contribute sustainably to food production, biofuels, and clean energy.

How aquaculture meets these challenges and the solutions put in place to develop a sustainable, responsible, productive, and climateneutral European aquaculture sector for key species of fish, shellfish, seaweed, and freshwater were the main themes of Aquaculture Europe 2022.

Congratulations to the organising team of Aquaculture Europe 2022: Herve Migaud, Alessandro Lovatelli, Alistair Lane, John and Noah Cooksey, and Mario Steal, for the successful event that hosted 2561 attendees from 76 countries, 337 of them were students; 883 abstracts, 43 sessions, 374 posters, 164 booths, 509 verbal presentations were counted.

An ambitious program with multiple meetings & collaborations

Some of the topics addressed within the keynote conference program include: ‘Climate Change and Aquaculture,’ an overview of short-term scenarios of how climate changes will affect temperature, sea level, severe weather, flooding, erosion and acidification for the Mediterranean and the Adriatic. Followed by climate impacts and challenges specific to aquaculture, with case studies of iconic fish and shellfish species. Nadia Pinardi and Mariana Mata Lara participated.

‘Moving towards circularity,’ the Circular Economy and its related Action Plan are high on the European political agenda and are the subject of several research initiatives. How does the policy translate into practice and what does circularity really mean for aquaculture?

Moderated by Geert Wiegertjes from Wageningen University, this panel discussion addressed important questions that need answers if this concept is to be enshrined in European aquaculture production practices. The panelists were: Yolanda Morales, Roy Koushik and Brian Thomsen.

‘A digital era for aquaculture innovation,’ after a short video introduction of Big Data in the marine and maritime sectors, the plenary dived into the applications developed by an Italian company WSENSE to provide innovative tools for the blue marine sectors, with case studies from northern and southern Europe. The speakers were Chiara Petrioli, Alexander Bergrem and Georgia Koutsandria.

It is worth mentioning that the multiple presentations did not stop, with a whole host of additional programs taking place including: AE2022 Program Grid, Performfish, AE2022 Innovation Forum, FAO Special Day, Astral Workshop, Session on Education, EPFC Workshop, Bio Med Aqua Workshop, Biogears Blue Lab Workshop, Industrial Forum, Copernicus Workshop, the oral presentations and the AE2022 Website Presentations.

Recognising talent & contributions to aquaculture

During the opening ceremony, the European Aquaculture Society (EAS) awarded its highest award to Professor Stefano Cataudella, the Honorary Life Membership, for the dedication he has had in his life and professional career in the development of aquaculture in the basin – in the Mediterranean and all over the world.

Herve Migaud, President of the EAS, was the one who presented and presented this award to Dr Clara Boglioni, from the University of Rome Tor Vergata, a long-time colleague of Professor Cataudella, since he was unable to attend the meeting.

However, in a message transmitted to EAS, Stefano expressed his honor and gratitude to the Society and its Board of Directors. He also sent a message to the students present at Aquaculture Europe 2022, telling them that they are the future of aquaculture, and their motivated, multidisciplinary and innovative way of thinking will ensure that the future of European aquaculture will be in good hands.

Professor Stefano Cataudella has an exemplary curriculum since

52 | November 2022 - Fish Farming Technology

the early 1980s in marine aquaculture, where he began cooperating with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and actively participated in and coordinated missions to support the development of aquaculture in more than 100 countries, promoting principles of sustainability and environmental, social and economic compatibility subsequently enshrined in the FAO Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF).

In 2017, Stefano Cataudella received the FEAP Award for Excellence in European Aquaculture and, to date, he is the only Italian to have been recognised by this prestigious award.

Other past recipients of the Honorary Life Membership Award have included Edwards, Peter Hjul, Colin Nash, Courtney Hough, Pascal Divanach, Patrick Sorgeloos, Michael New and, in 2017, Sachi Kaushik.

The 2022-2024 Board of the European Aquaculture Society

The EAS Board 2022-2024 was unanimously approved during its Annual General Assembly, after the elections held earlier this year.

Herve Migaud is the outgoing president of EAS, he handed over the presidency to Bente Torstensen, elected in 2020, who will automatically become president in 2022. Bente presented Herve with a plaque to commemorate his presidency of EAS. As immediate past president, Mr Migaud continues to serve on the board of directors for the next term.

The new members of the Board for 2022-2024 are Marc Vandeputte - INRAE ​​France (elected president-elect and president of EAS in 2024). Antonios Chalaris – Biomar, UK; Diego Mendiola - Pyrenees Caviar, Spain; Kathrin Steinberg – Aquaculture Stewardship Council, Germany; Damien Toner - Bord Iascaigh Mhara, Ireland (EAS Treasurer); Daniel Żarski - Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland

FISH FARMING TECHNOLOGY

(elected as Board members) and Mariana Ferreira - ICBAS and CIIMAR, University of Porto, Portugal (elected as EAS Student Representative on the Board).

Chairman Bente Torstensen welcomed the prospect of working with such a diverse and representative board of directors over the next two years and thanked outgoing board members Gavin Burnell, Constantinos Mylonas, Elisavet Syropoulou and Luisa Valente for their dedication to the EAS in recent years and, in the case of Gavin Burnell, for many years.

Undoubtedly due to everything that has happened this year, Aquaculture Europe 2023 is already scheduled in the calendar of many of us, preparing to travel from September 18 to 21 to the iconic Vienna, Austria; a scenario that promises and hopes to exceed all the expectations of the international aquaculture industry.

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International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 53

LIMA 2022

Industry Events

Panel Discussion: Marine Ingredients' Role in Global Food Security

IFFO’s historic 60th Annual Conference in the fishing powerhouse of Peru started on October 24, 2022 - bringing together over 500 delegates from 35 countries, an all-time record.

IFFO’s President Gonzalo de Romaña opened the event by explaining the vital role of marine ingredients in the global food system.

Romaña remarked “This is a tremendous contribution to the production of blue foods and food security in the world at times when it is not only a question of feeding a growing population but nourishing billions with high protein nutrients.”

IFFO’s Director General, Petter Martin Johannessen, noted that “a secure future relies on both nutritious and sustainable foods” and with decades of data, marine ingredients provide a benchmark for aquafeed ingredients for which the performance of other ingredients are measured. The use of by-products currently represents one of the best bio-circularity stories in terms of capturing the full-value of animal production.

Vannuccini outlined a roadmap for the transformation of aquatic food systems. Aquatic foods are increasingly seen as part of the solution for global food security and consumption. However, growth needs to be both sustainable and equitable. Aquaculture and capture fisheries are expected to grow, driven by both population growth and consumers choosing seafood for health.

Moving to the shrimp sector, VitaPro’s Allan Cooper opened by showing the domination of shrimp and salmon in driving seafood supply growth, recently driven especially by the US market. In 2017 Ecuador was only producing 12% of the global shrimp market, but now produces 24%, increasing by 29% in just the last year. This growth has been driven by a technological revolution, with farmers moving to automatic feeders and integrated production to packaging plants.

Understanding this global economic crisis:

Salmon: low emission, land efficient and nutritious food source

Drawing from his extensive economic expertise, the Economics Editor of the UK’s Financial Times presented a sobering overview of many economic challenges facing the world. In the EU, inflation has spread from the gas crisis, but the continent, like the rest of the world, is also being deeply affected by inflated food prices, which is then causing a political crisis.

But it’s not all doom and gloom. Europe’s gas struggles and price rises have in turn cut demand, increasing reserves, and resulting in a more diversified EU energy plan, it will take time.

Collaboration as a prerequisite for sustainable development of Blue Foods

SeaBOS’ Managing Director, Martin Exel noted that fisheries are a shared resources and what one group does directly impact another; adding that with no collaboration, sustainability is not possible. To aid this, SeaBOS have developed a collaboration plan, including a toolkit to establish strategies and policies, action-driven measures on IUU fishing and labour abuse towards improvement, and monitoring and reporting towards transformation.

Drawing from decades of statistical knowledge, FAO’s Stefania IFFO’s President Gonzalo de Romaña

IFFO’s Director General, Petter Martin Johannessen

Camanchaca’s CEO Ricardo García Holtz discussed the sector’s trends, opportunities, and challenges.

Challenges facing the sector include the global economic slowdown, feed costs, regulations and climate change. Climate change has made ocean conditions unpredictable, increasing costs by 7 percent. On top of this, feed costs have increased massively, energy costs have increased and regulations remain helpful to the sector.

Panel Discussion: Marine Ingredients' Role in Global Food Security The panel was moderated by John Evans (Intrafish) and featured the sessions speakers. Discussions first opened up with China and Chris Giles noting that while the zero covid policy continues, the economy is relying on covid rates remaining low, markets will become unstable with more large lockdowns.

An area for growth in aquatic foods, is the use of by-products while also reducing waste. Martin Exel noted that collaboration was needed to aid developing regions with this.

Allan Cooper highlighted work with MarinTrust to help drive improvement with small scale producer, encouraging traceability and improving best practices along the whole supply chain.

The Economics Editor of the UK’s Financial Times

54 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

Day 2: Challenges and Opportunities session

IFFO’s Technical Director Brett Glencross opened the Challenges and Opportunities session held at IFFO's Annual conference on 25 October with a quick recap of IFFO’s technical and regulatory work.

Skretting’s Global Sustainability Manager Jorge Diaz Salinas presented their latest insights on formulating aquaculture feeds with

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a life cycle mindset.

Taking a holistic approach, Diaz noted that the industry needs to focus on the complete life cycle rather than single stages, looking at both the environmental and social footprints of their activities.

The main challenges in doing this includes ensuring that we are comparing ‘apples with apples’ and that we know where our ingredients are coming from, increasing the use of primary data rather than secondary data. More primary data is needed to improve the accuracy of the data and to allow clearer tracking of potential reductions.

Raising the bar: We need to commit and start using, ESG – feed methodology

Moving further along the value chain, Tor Eirik Homme, the Director Feed and Nutrition at Grieg Seafood, presented the future of feed from a fish farmers perspective. For fish feed, Homme stated that reducing carbon emissions is a key priority across the feed supply chain, setting science-based targets in line with the Paris agreement, including both your company’s operations and your supply chain.

Further improvement is needed SeaBOS’ Managing in certification, transparency and Director, Martin Exel traceability, labour rights on fishing vessels, and avoiding competition with human food.

ASC’s Director of Standards and Science Michiel Fransen called on the marine ingredient industry to be a leader by 2040. Marine ingredients can be leading in taking ownership, ensuring sustainable

supply and setting a global example of how to manage resources for generations to come. Progress has been made, such as with transparency and certification, but more work is needed on transparency and improvements in supply. Exploring the role of marine ingredients in nutrition and global food systems, IFFO’s Technical Director, Dr Brett Glencross, opened by stating that a secure future relies on both nutritious and sustainable foods.

Panel Introductions and Discussion: Making the most of byproducts

Glencross was joined by panelists Vincent Percier from Symrise Aqua Feed and Dr Silke Middendorf from Biomega Group.

Discussion opened up on the use of palatability enhancers growing over recent years. In aquafeed, palatability enhancers are being used more now because of the trend towards lower fishmeal diets as a means to encourage improvements in feed intake, especially at times of change, such as with smolt transfer.

In petfood, the palatability story is a little different and has to do with pleasure, it is also a sector where the value is much greater.

FAO’s Stefania Vannuccini

VitaPro’s Allan Cooper

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Camanchaca’s CEO Ricardo García Holtz

Industry Events

Aquaculture in New Zealand – conference 2022 Following a two-year Covid-19 enforced hiatus, the aquaculture sector in New Zealand recently came together for their annual conference in the beautiful coastal city of Nelson, at the top of the South Island. This is always a popular conference and this year’s event on 5th and 6th October was even more so with registrations closing weeks before the event as numbers had already reached capacity for the venue.

The presentation and workshop content were world-class covering perspectives on climate change, workforce and social challenges, market disruptions, economic and geopolitical dynamics, environmental care, indigenous (Māori) inclusion and new species in addition to the regular sector perspectives on research, innovation, productivity, animal husbandry and investment. The conference theme in Māori was ‘Ahumoana o Aotearoa’ which translates to ‘Aquaculture for New Zealand’.

Aquaculture in New Zealand is supported by a Government Strategy that incorporates an ambition of growing the sector revenue five times to NZD$3 billion by 2035. Much of the value gain will accrue from expansion and productivity gains of current activities which include King (Chinook salmon), Greenshell mussels (perna canaliculus - a mussel species unique to NZ) and Pacific oysters. There is also a lot of excitement about farming seaweed for high value edibles and extracts as well as for emission mitigation opportunities. Aquaculture New Zealand Chief Executive, Gary Hooper proudly said in his opening presentation that this is the first significant primary sector growth opportunity where environmental, cultural, and social considerations are cornerstones of our future.

The conference was punctuated with regular breakouts fostering social and professional engagements that were always accompanied with a mouth-watering assortment of culinary treats featuring local aquaculture and other NZ products. There were also designated trade display areas where delegates could catch up on the latest technology and equipment developments.

The event culminated in a lavish cocktail evening where many of the sector’s producers proudly showcased a range of wonderful artisan delights that would be at home in any Michelin-starred eatery. Accompanied with wonderful NZ wines and craft beers, delegates were up to their eyeballs in nutritional goodness and good cheer. Next year’s event is almost certain to be another sell out and while details are yet to be confirmed, it will likely occur on similar dates in 2023.

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aquafeed.co.uk/web/companies Welcome to the market place, where you will find suppliers of products and services to the industry - with help from our friends at The International Aquafeed Directory (published by Turret Group) Aerators Faivre + 33 3idah 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Air products

SAS Laboratories Phode +33 5 63 77 80 60 www.phode.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1644

R-Biopharm +44 141 945 2924 www.r-biopharm.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1645 Romer Labs +43 2272 6153310 www.romerlabs.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1610

Additives

Amino acids

DSM +43 2782 8030 www.dsm.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1605 Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1606 Jefo +1 450 799 2000 https://jefo.ca PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1607 Liptosa +34 902 157711 www.liptosa.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1608 ORFFA +32 479 50 09 08 https://orffa.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1278 Phibro +972 4 629 1833 www.phibro-aqua.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1609

Cablevey Conveyors +1 641 673 8451 https://cablevey.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1613

Analysis

Kaeser Kompressoren +49 9561 6400 www.kaeser.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1035

Dibaq +34 921 574 286 https://dibaqacuicultura.es PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1604

Conveyors

Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1606

Bulk storage Silo Construction & Engineering +32 51723128 www.sce.be PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1611 Silos Cordoba +34 957 325 165 www.siloscordoba.com aqfeed.info/e/1646 Symaga +34 91 726 43 04 www.symaga.com aqfeed.info/e/1647 TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1612

60 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

Vigan Enginnering +32 67 89 50 41 www.vigan.com aqfeed.info/e/1648

Colour sorters Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614 Satake +81 82 420 8560 www.satake-group.com

Computer software Inteqnion +31 543 49 44 66 www.inteqnion.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1277

Coolers & driers Bühler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614 Consergra s.l +34 938 772207 www.consergra.com aqfeed.info/e/1650 FAMSUN +86 514 85828888 www.famsungroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1034 FrigorTec GmbH +49 7520 91482-0 www.frigortec.com aqfeed.info/e/1652

IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615 Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1616

Adisseo +33 1 46 747104 www.adisseo.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1624 Aller Aqua +45 70 22 19 10 www.aller-aqua.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/961

Drum filters Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Alapala +90 212 465 60 40 www.alapala.com aqfeed.info/e/1653

Anpario +44 1909 537 380 www.anpario.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1626

Tapco Inc +1 314 739 9191 www.tapcoinc.com aqfeed.info/e/1654

Biorigin www.biorigin.net PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1627

Elevator & conveyor components 4B Braime +44 113 246 1800 www.go4b.com aqfeed.info/e/1655

GePro +49 54415 925252 www.ge-pro.de aqfeed.info/e/1656

Enzymes

Grupo Dibaq +34 921 574 286 www.dibaqacuicultura.es PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1604

DSM +43 2782 8030 www.dsm.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1605

Grand Fish Feed +202 20 650018 www.grand-aqua.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1628

Evonik +49 618 1596785 www.evonik.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1606

Jefo +1 450 799 2000 https://jefo.ca PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1607

Equipment for sale

Almex +31 575 572666 www.almex.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1279 Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1619 Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614 Clextral +1 813 854 4434 www.clextral.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1620 IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Jefo is a world leader in the field of non-medicated performance feed additives for the poultry, swine, ruminant and aquaculture sectors. Founded in Canada in 1982, today Jefo has offices on 5 continents, and specializes in the design, manufacturing, warehousing and JIT-distribution of an array of animal nutrition specialty products.

Jefo is a pioneer in the green revolution taking place in animal nutrition. Their commitment is to providing effective alternatives for optimal performances in animal nutrition.

The Europe / Africa division of Jefo was created in 1998 and is headquartered in Nantes, France. They market a line of original products including vitamins, enzymes, organic acids and essential oils.

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Fish Graders Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Fish pumps Faivre + 33 3 81 84 01 32 www.faivre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1603

Fish Stunning Ace Aquatec + 44 7808 930923 www. aceaquatec.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/764

Grinders Grand Fish Feed +202 20 650018 www.grand-aqua.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1628 “Grand Fish Feed” is considered one of the most recent companies in the field of manufacturing and supplying of aquatic feed in Egypt.

Grand aims at achieving leadership in the aquatic feed industry and contribute significantly to the development of the aquaculture sector locally, regionally and internationally.

Grand’s long term goal is to “heavily” invest in (or: participate in a large part of) the regional and global fish feed markets.

Grand Group has partnered with one of the most specialised companies in fish feed manufacturing “Zeigler” which will grant and add up to the rapid technological development of the field by applying the latest technologies in fish feed formulas and production.

During the first production season in the Egyptian market, Grand produced different feed for fresh and marine fish in different sizes, various protein percentages ratios, adequate energy and balanced content of vitamins and minerals PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1628

From alternative to complementary: towards a more judicious use of marine resources in aquafeed Webinar: From alternative to complementary: towards a more judicious use of marine resources in aquafeed PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1607 Liptosa +34 902 15 77 11 www.liptoaqua.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1608

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1621 Wenger Manufacturing +1 785-284-2133 www.wenger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1616

Fish counters

Alltech +44 1780 764512 www.alltechcoppens.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1625

Elevator buckets

Extruders

Van Aarsen International +31 475 579 444 www.aarsen.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1632

Feed and ingredients

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

ExtruTech Inc +1 785 284 2153 www.extru-techinc.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1618

TekPro +44 1692 403403 www.tekpro.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1631

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1623

Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1629

Feed Mill Clextral +1 813 854 4434 www.clextral.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1620

61 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

Hammermills Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1633 Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

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Yemtar +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com aqfeed.info/e/1657

Pulverisers

RAS system IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Moisture analysers Hydronix +44 1483 468900 www.hydronix.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1634

Predator Defence

FAWEMA / The Packaging Group +49 22 63 716 0 www.fawema.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1635

Probiotics

Ace Aquatec + 44 7808 930923 www. aceaquatec.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/764

Packaging

DSM +43 2782 8030 www.dsm.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1605

Paddle Mixer Anderson www.andersonfeedtech.com aqfeed.info/e/1658 IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615

Phytogenics Delacon +43 732 640 531 414 www.delacon.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1637

RAS Equipment Fish Farm Feeder +34 886 317 600 www.fishfarmfeeder.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1638

Pellet mill Clextral +1 813 854 4434 www.clextral.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1620 IDAH +866 39 902701 www.idah.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1615 PTN +31 73 54 984 72 www.ptn.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1636

Plants Andritz +45 72 160300 www.andritz.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1619 Buhler AG +41 71 955 11 11 www.buhlergroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1614

Aqua Ultraviolet +1 952 296 3480 www.aquauv.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1639 Aqua Ultraviolet has designed solutions that provide cutting edge technology and efficiency to their users. They offer innovative new products striving to make technology simple for all of their customers, distributors, dealers and consumers alike.

Life depends on water, and now more than ever, business does too. For over three decades Aqua Ultraviolet has been the premier manufacturer of ultraviolet sterilisers and bio-mechanical filtration.

Aqua Ultraviolet has been manufacturing UV Sterilizers and Filtration Systems for over four decades. Their products are proudly manufactured in the USA at their facilities in Southern California.

Aqua Ultraviolet takes pride in delivering Top Quality personalised connections with their customers, working together to problem solve and find the best solution for their projects and applications.

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1639

Silos FAMSUN +86 514 85828888 www.famsungroup.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1034

FishFarmFeeder is a company founded in 2008 that manufactures feeding systems for aquaculture with a complete catalog of feeders that cover all stages of the fish's life: hatchery, pre-grower and grow-out, both on land and at sea.

TSC Silos +31 543 473979 www.tsc-silos.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1612

FishFarmFeeder’s mission is to: • Offer globally specialized solutions only in the field of feed automation for aquaculture.

• Contribute to a sustainable aquaculture helping to optimize production and improving fish welfare.

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Respond to the needs of automation in the feeding of all stages of the fish's life.

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Develope a profitable, reliable, accurate and safe technology.

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Facilitate integration with other existing technologies in aquaculture such as sensors, software.

PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1638

Clextral +1 813 854 4434 www.clextral.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1620

Vacuum Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1633 Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

Weighing equipment Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1621 Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617

Dinnissen BV +31 77 467 3555 www.dinnissen.nl PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1633

Yeast products

FAMSUN +86 514 87848880 www.muyang.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1034

Leiber GmbH +49 5461 93030 www.leibergmbh.de PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1640

Ottevanger +31 79 593 22 21 www.ottevanger.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1621

Phileo (Lesaffre animal care) +33 3 20 81 61 00 www.lesaffre.fr PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1629

Yemmak +90 266 733 83 63 www.yemmak.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1617 Yemtar +90 266 733 8550 www.yemtar.com aqfeed.info/e/1657

For more information about our market place - please view or download our 2023 media kit

Zheng Chang +86 2164184200 www.zhengchang.com PROFILE: aqfeed.info/e/1623

https://aqfeed.info/e/1529

63 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

the interview Farshad Shishehchian, CEO and founder, Blue Aqua, Singapore

Dr Farshad is the CEO and founder of Blue Aqua, one of the leading companies providing one step aquaculture solutions based in Singapore. He also founded Asian Aquaculture Network (AAN)– a non-profit organisation with a goal to promote sustainable development and profitable practises of aquaculture in Asia. He was also the president of World Aquaculture society for three years and holds a PhD in Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology.

In recent years what are the most critical technological developments that you have witnessed in the Aquafeed sector?

I think generally, in the aquaculture sector, there is a lot of changes and new development. The reason for this is that people see how important the aquaculture is, because by looking at the global warming and green gas issue aquaculture is one of the activities that really does not affect our environment much. We do not really have much issue with aquaculture in terms of pollution or creating a green gas. On the other hand, we have a planet that is covered by 75 percent water, and the human population is increasing, now getting close to 9 million people: we will definitely have a shortage of land. Eventually, depending on landbased animals like poultry, swine for food is not going to be very sustainable and sufficient for humans. The aquaculture industry is growing rapidly and developing to be a sustainable source of food. I think recently, we have had a lot of urban farming activity which became very popular during COVID - 19. Intensification is another innovation that is getting more attention. We do have a lot more new developments, and we are learning how to produce better feed more efficiently, using less fish meal, and making feed more efficient by having alternative resources of protein.

You are the founder of Asian Aquaculture Network.

How important do you think it is to educate the young generation in the industry and how successful has AAN been in doing that?

Education and training are a key aspect in the development of the industry and there are many ways to do it – Training, sending the new generation to universities and sharing the knowledge of the industry via publications etc. Hub of Aquaculture industry is Asia – China, Indonesia etc are prominent countries in the field. In the old days, the publications and communications always came from the Western countries and Europe. There are always language barriers, and there is always an issue in understanding and communicating with the farmers in Asia, as they have a different concept and understanding of farming. If a US-educated scholar came to give support to the farmer in Asia, they will not understand the farmers needs completely. But because we are part of the Asian aquaculture industry, I feel that having a platform like AAN is worth helping farmers and it would be very helpful to provide correct and useful information for farmers in the region.

Going forward, what aspects of Aquafeed nutrition and production would you like to address and why?

working on that, and we are trying to make a better feed formulation for the shrimp and the marine fish. We have already just launched our new feed in the market, which is a blue feed for shrimp and marine fish. And I believe we are going to continue the development of better feeds and better formulation for the diet. We are continuing our research and make effort to do more research and development to provide the better quality feed and more efficient feed for the aquaculture industry.

Blue Aqua has been a strong advocate for superintensive, species-focused farming. To what extent do you think this strategy would prepare us in meeting the growing needs of essential nutrients in human diet in the future?

I think super intensification and urban farming are getting more and more attention now. Of course, it's going to take longer to become the major source of the production and supply of the human nutrition that we need in the future. But the industry is picking up and is getting much more attention over the years. So hopefully, as I say, we don't know, maybe 10 years or 20 years down the road, the majority of our nutritional requirements for seafood may come through the denser and biomass producing farms and also the urban farms that are closer to the major cities.

Blue Aqua have launched the second generation of Mingro+. What was the motivation behind creating Blue Aqua’s first ever Mineral product for aquaculture water balance?

When we launched the product first time many years ago, we launched it in Indian market and mineral supplement in those days were not very popular. But we saw the importance of having this kind of a product in the market. Minerals are extremely important for the any type of aquaculture activity because these are the parts of the ecosystem in the water. So, what we did when we launched them in India 13 years ago it was very well received by the farmers and was regarded as a top product in the market by them. Now, we tried to improve and produce a much better product, that's why we came up with the Mingro+, which is the modified and improved version of Mingro. Now, we have made a much bigger gap between us and our closest competitor in terms of performance and quality. The second generation, which I believe will indeed provide the requirement the mineral requirements the farmers seek.

We have been working on the formulation for creating and providing high performance feed to the industry. So we are

64 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

International Aquafeed - November 2022 | 65

THE INDUSTRY FACES Akvafuture appoints new Managing Director Akvafuture is proud to announce the appointment of Dean Trethewey as its new Managing Director.

Mr Trethewey has many years of experience in the industry, having worked as the Production Manager of Marine Harvest Group (now Mowi) from 2001-2016 before later becoming the Production Director of Greig Seafood in British Columbia.

Akvafuture's technology uses a closed cage system to improve fish wellbeing and welfare. The company's system allows for salmon to live in clean, deep sea water that prevents the risk of sea lice infestations, while the cage used means the fish are subjected to minimum handling, which promotes high levels of growth.

Fish feed is securely held within the closed cases used to prevent wild fish from accessing it, reducing wastage, and the risk of escapes is low due to the use of a double protection system.

Barramundi senior manager set to become chief executive James Kwan, a senior manager with Barramundi Group, will become the company's chief executive from January 1, 2023 the fish farmer announces.

With more than 15 years of senior management experience, predominantly within the marketing and food and beverage sectors, James Kwan also created the company's Kühlbarra brand and laid the foundation for the e-commerce business in a previous role. Mr Kwan joined Barramundi Group as chief marketing officer in December 2019, and from June 2020 also began overseeing the farming and processing operations in Singapore.

Earlier in 2022, he took on a concurrent role as general manager Singapore, with responsibilities spanning broodstock, grow-out, processing and commercial operations.

Working with the world’s largest resource, the ocean, Barramundi Group operates sustainably and responsibly at every level, whilst supporting the communities within which it operates.

Northwest Aquaculture Alliance appoints new board member Northwest Aquaculture Alliance (NWAA) has announced the appointment of Jacqueline (Jackie) Zimmerman, Northwest Account Manager for North American Aquaculture at Merck Animal Health, to its Board of Directors.

“NWAA is speaking up for both the producer and the consumer,” comments Ms Zimmerman following her recent appointment.

NWAA President and Jamestown Seafood CEO Jim Parsons describes Zimmerman as “an internationally respected leader in the aquaculture industry whose expertise in animal health and nutrition as well as hands-on experience in enhancement and offshore aquaculture make her one of the leading voices in this growing industry.”

Throughout her career, Zimmerman has worked with various species- including Moi, Sablefish, Cobia, and Red Snapper, where she worked on larval culture enhancement. She has also worked on several aquaculture boards and currently serves as Chair of the Industry Advisory Committee for the Western Regional Aquaculture Center.

Genomics expert joins Benchmark Genetics in Edinburgh Benchmark Genetics, a leading aquaculture genetics company, announces the appointment of Dr Carolina Peñaloza as Senior Scientist in the company's new Molecular Genetics program in Edinburgh, Scotland. Dr Peñaloza joins Benchmark from The Roslin Institute, where she has over ten years of experience developing and applying genomic tools for aquaculture species.

Dr Peñaloza will lead the development of a new Molecular Genetics program from a state-of-theart laboratory in Edinburgh. This program aims to optimise genotyping and other genomics solutions for Benchmarks' salmon, shrimp, and tilapia breeding operations. In addition, Dr Peñaloza will lead the expansion of the genotyping and genomics offering to external clients as part of Benchmark Genetics Services. She will also develop R&D activities targeting future solutions in this rapidly evolving field. Dr Peñaloza holds an MPhil and PhD in Genetics and Genomics, both from The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

66 | November 2022 - International Aquafeed

Vertical Vacuum Spraying Machine SZPL Series

Particle Diameter 1~30mm Liquid Addition 1~36% Batch Working Time 5~7min

Model SZPL 2000， 3000， 5000 Spray Uniformity Residual rate Cv≤7% ≤0.5% Maximum Vacuum Vacuum Retention 40mbar ≤100mbar/5min

Remark: Optional Powder Spray System Optional CIP (Clean In Place)

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