6-Ε-040 - ΤΗΛΕΠΙΣΚΟΠΗΣΗ - ΚΕΦΑΛΑΙΟ

¶§∞∆º√ƒª∂™ ∆∏§∂∞¡πá∂À™∏™ 65

™¯‹Ì· 2.30 °ÂˆÌÂÙÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÌÂٷ͇ ·Ú¯Â›ˆÓ LPGS (·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿) Î·È NLAPS (‰ÂÍÈ¿). ∞fi ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰· Ù˘ NASA.

΢ٛ ·fi ÙËÓ ESA, Â›Ó·È ·Ú¯Â›· BIL (Band Interleaved) ‰ËÏ·‰‹ fiϘ ÔÈ ˙ÒÓ˜ ·ÔıË·ÔÓÙ·È ˆ˜ ¤Ó· ·Ú¯Â›Ô. °ÂÓÈÎfiÙÂÚ·, Ù· ·Ú¯Â›· CEOS ÂÚȤ¯Ô˘Ó ÂÚÈÛÛfiÙÂÚ˜ ÏËÚÔÊÔڛ˜ Û¯ÂÙÈο Ì ÙȘ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ (ÌÂÙ·‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ), ·ÏÏ¿ ‰ÂÓ ˘ÔÛÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·fi fiÏ· Ù· ÂÌÔÚÈο ÏÔÁÈÛÌÈο. ∆· ·Ú¯Â›· GeoTIFF ÂÚÈÏ·Ì‚¿ÓÔ˘Ó ÌfiÓÔ ÙȘ Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ˙ÒÓ˜ ˆ˜ ·Ú¯Â›· TIFF Ì Áˆ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿. ¢È·Ù›ıÂÓÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ ·fi ÙÔ Â›Â‰Ô ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ 1G.

™˘ÛÙ‹Ì·Ù· ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›·˜ Î·È ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ: √È ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Ô˘ ·ÔıË·ÔÓÙ·Ó Û ÛÙ·ıÌÔ‡˜ ÛÙȘ ∏¶∞ ˘fiÎÂÈÓÙÔ Û ‰‡Ô ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈΤ˜ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›Â˜ Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ ÛÙ·ıÌfi ·Ú·ÁˆÁ‹˜ Ó· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈο ÁˆÌÂÙÚÈο Î·È Ú·‰ÈÔÌÂÙÚÈο ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο. √È ‰‡Ô Ù‡ÔÈ ·Ú¯Â›ˆÓ National Land Archive Production System (NLAPS) Î·È Level 1 Product Generation System (LPGS) ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙Ô˘Ó ÙȘ ÂÍ‹˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜: ñ °ÂˆÌÂÙÚÈΤ˜ ¢È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ™Ù· ·Ú¯Â›· NLAPS ˆ˜ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿˜ (0,0) Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È Ë ¿Óˆ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ ¿ÎÚË ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ (Û¯‹Ì· 2.30), ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· ·Ú¯Â›· LPGS ˆ˜ ÛËÌÂ›Ô ·Ó·ÊÔÚ¿˜ (0,0) Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÂÙ·È ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ (Û¯‹Ì· 2.30). ø˜ ÂÎ ÙÔ‡ÙÔ˘ ÛÙ· ·Ú¯Â›· NLAPS ¯¿ÓÂÙ·È Ë Û˘ÓÔ¯‹ ÌÂٷ͇ ·Á¯ÚˆÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ, ÔÏ˘Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ıÂÚÌÈÎÒÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ÛÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ, ÂÓÒ ÛÙ· ·Ú¯Â›· LPGS ‰È·ÊÔÚÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÔÈ Û˘ÓÙÂÙ·Á̤Ó˜ ÙÔ˘ ¿Óˆ ·ÚÈÛÙÂÚÔ‡ ¿ÎÚÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ ÌÂٷ͇ ·Á¯ÚˆÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ, ÔÏ˘Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ Î·È ıÂÚÌÈÎÒÓ ‰Â‰Ô̤ӈÓ. ñ ƒ·‰ÈÔÌÂÙÚÈΤ˜ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜: ∆· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ÛÙ· ·Ú¯Â›· LPGS ‚·ıÌÔÓÔÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi 1-254, Ì ÙȘ ÙÈ̤˜ 0 Î·È 255 Ó· ηχ-

ÙÔ˘Ó Ù· ÎÂÓ¿ Î·È ÙȘ ˘„ËϤ˜ ÙÈ̤˜ ÎÔÚÂÛÌÔ‡ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ·. ∆· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ÛÙ· ·Ú¯Â›· NLAPS ‚·ıÌÔÓÔÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È ·fi 0-254 Ì ÙËÓ ÙÈÌ‹ 0 Ó· ·ÓÙÈÛÙÔȯ› Î·È Û ÎÂÓ¿, ·ÏÏ¿ Î·È ÛÙË ¯·ÌËÏfiÙÂÚË ‚·ıÌ›‰· ·Ó¿ÎÏ·Û˘. ∞˘Ù¤˜ ÔÈ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¤˜ ÛÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ ‚·ıÌÔÓfiÌËÛ˘ ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· Ô‰ËÁ‹ÛÔ˘Ó Û 0,4% Ú·‰ÈÔÌÂÙÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ Û ̛· ÂÈÎfiÓ· ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔÓ ÙÚfiÔ Ì ÙÔÓ ÔÔ›Ô ·ÔıË·ÙËÎÂ. ñ ¶Ï¢ÚÈ΋ ·ÔÎÔ‹ (Edge Trimming): ∆· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ÛÙ· ·Ú¯Â›· LPGS ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎfiÙÔÓÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ¿ÎÚË Ù˘ ÛÎËÓ‹˜, ÂÓÒ Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ NLAPS ·ÔÎfiÙÔÓÙ·È (Û¯‹Ì· 2.31). ∆¤ÏÔ˜, ı· Ú¤ÂÈ Ó· ÙÔÓÈÛÙ› Î·È Ë ·Ú·Î¿Ùˆ ÛËÌ·ÓÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿: ∆· ÚˆÙÔÁÂÓ‹ (raw) ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ, ηıÒ˜ Î·È Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Ô˘ ¤¯ÂÈ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·ÛÙ› Ë ESA, ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ˆÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· 15 ̤ÙÚˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ·Á¯ÚˆÌ·ÙÈ΋ ˙ÒÓË Î·È 30 ̤ÙÚˆÓ ÛÙȘ ÔÏ˘Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈΤ˜, ÂÓÒ ·ÓÙ›ıÂÙ· Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ Ô˘ ·ÔıË·ÙËÎ·Ó ÛÙȘ ∏¶∞ ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ˆÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· 14,25 ̤ÙÚˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ·Á¯ÚˆÌ·ÙÈ΋ ˙ÒÓË Î·È 28,5 ̤ÙÚˆÓ ÛÙȘ ÔÏ˘Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈΤ˜.

™¯‹Ì· 2.31 ™Ù· ·Ú¯Â›· LPGS (·ÚÈÛÙÂÚ‹ ÂÈÎfiÓ·) ‰ÂÓ ·ÔÎfiÙÔÓÙ·È Ù· ¿ÎÚ· Ù˘ ÛÎËÓ‹˜ Û ·ÓÙ›ıÂÛË Ì ٷ ·Ú¯Â›· NLAPS (‰ÂÍÈ¿ ÂÈÎfiÓ·). ∞fi ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰· Ù˘ NASA.

66 ∆∏§∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏

2.9.5

¢˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˘ Landsat –7

™ÙȘ 31 ª·˝Ô˘ 2003 ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Scan Line Corrector (SLC), Ô˘ ·ÓÙÈÛÙ·ıÌ›˙ÂÈ ÙËÓ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÂÌÚfi˜ ΛÓËÛË ÙÔ˘ Landsat 7, ·ÚÔ˘Û›·Û ‚Ï¿‚Ë. ŸÙ·Ó ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ› ÛˆÛÙ¿ ÙÔ SLC ÂÈÙÚ¤ÂÈ ‰È·‰Ô¯ÈΤ˜ ÚÔ˜ Ù· ÂÌÚfi˜ Î·È ›Ûˆ Û·ÚÒÛÂȘ ÙÔ˘ ETM+ Î·È ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ› Ì›· ÂÓÈ·›· ÂÈÎfiÓ· (Û¯‹Ì· 2.32). Èڛ˜ ·˘Ù‹ ÙË ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· Ë ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ °Ë˜ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊÂÙ·È Û ‰È·‰Ô¯Èο ˙ÈÁÎ˙·ÁΠηٿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹˜ Ù‹Û˘ Ì ·ÔÙ¤ÏÂÛÌ· Û οÔÈ· ÛËÌ›· Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÂÈηχ„ÂȘ Î·È Û οÔÈ· ÛËÌ›· Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ì ÎÂÓ¿ (Û¯‹Ì· 2.32). ∆· ÎÂÓ¿ ·˘Ù¿ ·˘Í¿ÓÔ˘Ó ·fi ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ ÚÔ˜ ÙȘ ¿ÎÚ˜. ∂ÎÙÈÌ¿Ù·È fiÙÈ 22 ÙÔȘ ÂηÙfi Ù˘ οı ÛÎËÓ‹˜ ¯¿ÓÂÙ·È ÂÍ·ÈÙ›·˜ Ù˘ ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ SLC. ∆Ô Ì¤ÁÈÛÙÔ Ï¿ÙÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÂÓÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ¿ÎÚË Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ ı· Â›Ó·È ÈÛÔ‰‡Ó·ÌË Ì ̛· Ï‹ÚË ÁÚ·ÌÌ‹ Û¿ÚˆÛ˘, ‹ ÂÚ›Ô˘ 390 Ì 450 ̤ÙÚ·. ∏ ·ÎÚÈ‚‹˜ ÙÔÔıÂÛ›· ÙˆÓ ÁÚ·ÌÌÒÓ Û¿ÚˆÛ˘ Ô˘ Ï›Ô˘Ó ÔÈΛÏÏÂÈ ·fi ÛÎËÓ‹

™¯‹Ì· 2.32 ∏ ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Scan Line Corrector (SLC). ∞ÚÈÛÙÂÚ¿ Ë Û˘Ó¯‹˜ Û¿ÚˆÛË Ù˘ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ·˜ Ù˘ °Ë˜, fiÙ·Ó ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ÛÂ Î·È ‰ÂÍÈ¿ ÔÈ ÂÈηχ„ÂȘ Î·È Ù· ÎÂÓ¿ Ô˘ ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË ‚Ï¿‚Ë (www.nasa.gov).

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 2.39 ∏ ‰˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÙÔ˘ Û˘ÛÙ‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ Scan Line Corrector (SLC). ∏ ˙ÒÓË 4 ÙÔ˘ µÂÏÙȈ̤ÓÔ˘ º·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡ ÷ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊÔ˘ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˘ Landsat. ∂›Ó·È ÂÌÊ·Ó‹ Ù· ÎÂÓ¿ Ô˘ ·˘Í¿ÓÔÓÙ·È ·fi ÙÔ Î¤ÓÙÚÔ Ù˘ ÂÈÎfiÓ· ÚÔ˜ Ù· ¿ÎÚ· (¡ÈÎÔÏ·ÎfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ Î·È ™ÎÈ¿Ó˘ 2010).

Û ÛÎËÓ‹. ŒÓ· ·Ú¿‰ÂÈÁÌ· ·fi ÙË Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ ˙ÒÓË 4 Ì›·˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ Landsat 7, Ì ÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· SLC ÂÎÙfi˜ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜, ‰›ÓÂÙ·È ÛÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· 2.39. ¶·ÚfiÏ· ·˘Ù¿ ·Ó·Ù‡¯ıËÎ·Ó ‰È¿ÊÔÚ˜ Ù¯ÓÈΤ˜ ÁÈ· ÙË ‰ÈfiÚıˆÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚÔ‚Ï‹Ì·ÙÔ˜ (¡ÈÎÔÏ·ÎfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ Î·È ™ÎÈ¿Ó˘ 2010). ™ÙËÓ ÂÈÎfiÓ· 2.40 ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ë ÂÈÎfiÓ· 2.39 ÌÂÙ¿ ÙË Û¯ÂÙÈ΋ ‰ÈfiÚıˆÛË.

2.10

∆Ô ‰ÔÚ˘ÊÔÚÈÎfi ÚfiÁÚ·ÌÌ· ∆ERRA (EOS AM-1)

O ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˜ Terra (EOS AM-1) (Û¯‹Ì· 2.33) ÂÎÙÔ͇ıËΠÛÙȘ 18 ¢ÂÎÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ 1999 Î·È Ù¤ıËΠ۠ÔÏÈ΋, ËÏÈÔÛ‡Á¯ÚÔÓË ÙÚԯȿ Û ‡„Ô˜ 705 km (›Ó·Î·˜ 47). ∞ÔÙÂÏ› ̤ÚÔ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ EOS (Earth Observing System) Ù˘ NASA. £· ·ÎÔÏÔ˘ı‹ÛÔ˘Ó Î·È ¿ÏÏÔÈ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔÈ Î·ıÒ˜ ÛÎÔfi˜ Ù˘ NASA Â›Ó·È Ë Û˘Ó¯‹˜ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ °Ë˜ ÁÈ· 15 ÙÔ˘Ï¿¯ÈÛÙÔÓ ¯ÚfiÓÈ· Î·È Ë ‰ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· ÂÓfi˜ ·ÍÈfiÈÛÙÔ˘ ·Ú¯Â›Ô˘ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ Ô˘ ı· ÙÂı› ÛÙË ‰È¿ıÂÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÈÛÙËÌfiÓˆÓ. ∞˘Ùfi ÙÔ ·Ú¯Â›Ô ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ ¯ˆÚ›˜ ‰È·ÎÔ¤˜ ı· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË Ù˘ ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›·˜ ÙÔ˘ Ï·Ó‹ÙË Û·Ó ¤Ó· ˙ˆÓÙ·Ófi Û‡ÛÙËÌ· Î·È ı· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ Ó· ηٷÁÚ·ÊÔ‡Ó ÔÈ ÂÈÙÒÛÂȘ ÙˆÓ ·ÓıÚÒÈÓˆÓ ÂÂÌ‚¿ÛÂˆÓ ÛÙÔ ÂÚÈ‚¿ÏÏÔÓ. √ ·Ú¯ÈÎfi˜ ۯ‰ȷÛÌfi˜ Ù˘ NASA ÚÔ¤‚ÏÂ fiÙÈ Ù· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ı· ¯ÚËÛÈÌÔÔÈÔ‡ÓÙ·È ÌfiÓÔ ÁÈ· ÂÈÛÙËÌÔÓÈÎÔ‡˜ ÛÎÔÔ‡˜, ÙÂÏÈο fï˜ ·ÔÊ·Û›ÛÙËÎÂ Î·È ·ÏÔ› ¯Ú‹ÛÙ˜ Ó· ¤¯Ô˘Ó ÚfiÛ‚·ÛË Û ·˘Ù¿. √ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˜ Terra ʤÚÂÈ 5 ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰¤ÎÙ˜ Ô˘ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚ›˙ÔÓÙ·È ·ÓÙ›ÛÙÔȯ· Ì ٷ ÂÍ‹˜ ·ÎÚˆÓ‡ÌÈ·: ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and

∂ÈÎfiÓ· 2.40 ∏ ÂÈÎfiÓ· 2.36 ÌÂÙ¿ ·fi ÂȉÈ΋ ÂÂÍÂÚÁ·Û›· (¡ÈÎÔÏ·ÎfiÔ˘ÏÔ˜ Î·È ™ÎÈ¿Ó˘ 2010). ∆· ÎÂÓ¿ ¤¯Ô˘Ó Û˘ÌÏËÚˆı›.

¶§∞∆º√ƒª∂™ ∆∏§∂∞¡πá∂À™∏™ 67 ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 47: ™ÙÔȯ›· ÙÔ˘ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˘ Terra ∆Úԯȿ

∏ÏÈÔÛ‡Á¯ÚÔÓË

Semi-major axis (Mean)

7078 km

∂ÎÎÂÓÙÚfiÙËÙ·

0.0012

flÚ· Ï‹„˘ ÛÙÔÓ ÈÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi

10:30 ± 15 min.

À„Ô˜ ÙÚԯȿ˜

∫˘Ì·ÈÓfiÌÂÓÔ ÌÂٷ͇ 700 – 737 km, 705 km ÛÙÔÓ πÛËÌÂÚÈÓfi

°ˆÓ›· ÚfiÛÙˆÛ˘

98,2Æ ± 0,15Æ

¶ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ (ÃÚfiÓÔ˜) ÌÂٷ͇ ‰˘Ô ‰È·‰Ô¯ÈÎÒÓ ‰ÈÂχۈÓ

16 Ë̤Ú˜ 233 ÂÚÈÛÙÚÔʤ˜ ·Ó¿ ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô

∞fiÛÙ·ÛË ÌÂٷ͇ ÁÂÈÙÔÓÈÎÒÓ ÙÚÔ¯ÈÒÓ

172 km

¶ÂÚ›Ô‰Ô˜ ÙÚԯȿ˜

98,9 min

°ÓÒÛË Ù˘ ÙÚԯȷ΋˜ ı¤Û˘ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˘

±150 m / 3 ¿ÍÔÓ˜

∞ÎÚ›‚ÂÈ· Â·Ó¿Ï˄˘

±20 km,

µ¿ÚÔ˜

406 kg

§fiÁÔ˜ µ¿Û˘ ÚÔ˜ ⁄„Ô˜

0,6 ηٿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ÙÚԯȿ˜

™˘ÓÔÏÈ΋ Î¿Ï˘„Ë Î¿ıÂÙ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÙÚԯȿ

232 km

∆·¯‡ÙËÙ· ÌÂÙ¿‰ÔÛ˘ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ (Data Rate)

89,2 Mbps

ª¤ÁÈÛÙË ÈÛ¯‡˜ ÔÌÔ‡

726 W

ª¤ÛË ÈÛ¯‡˜

463 W

¶Ï¿ÙÔ˜ ‰·ÊÈ΋˜ ψڛ‰·˜ Ô˘ Û·ÚÒÓÂÙ·È

60 km

¶ÚÔ‚ÏÂfiÌÂÓÔ˜ ¯ÚfiÓÔ˜ ˙ˆ‹˜

5 ¯ÚfiÓÈ·

MISR

ASTER MODIS

MOPITT

CERES ™¯‹Ì· 2.33 √ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˜ Terra Î·È ÔÈ ‰¤ÎÙ˜ ÙÔ˘ (·fi ÙËÓ ÈÛÙÔÛÂÏ›‰· Ù˘ NASA).

Reflection Radiometer), MODIS (Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), CERES (Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System), MISR (Multi-angle Imaging Spectro Radiometer) Î·È MOPITT (Measurements of Pollution In The Troposphere).

2.10.1 ∆Ô Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ ASTER ∆Ô Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ ASTER ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ‰Âη٤ÛÛÂÚ· ηӿÏÈ· ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ Ù˘ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›·˜. ∂ȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ·, ‰È·ı¤-

ÙÂÈ ÙÚ›· ηӿÏÈ· ÛÙÔ ÔÚ·Ùfi Î·È ÎÔÓÙÈÓfi ˘¤Ú˘ıÚÔ (VNIR), 6 ÛÙo ˘¤Ú˘ıÚÔ (SWIR) Î·È ¤ÓÙ ÛÙÔ ıÂÚÌÈÎfi ˘¤Ú˘ıÚÔ (TIR), Û¯‹Ì· 2.34 Î·È ›Ó·Î·˜ 48. ∏ ¯ˆÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÙÔ˘ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· ÔÈΛÏÏÂÈ, ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ Î·Ó¿ÏÈ, ·fi 15 ¤ˆ˜ Î·È 90 ̤ÙÚ·. ∫¿ı ÛÎËÓ‹ ¤¯ÂÈ ‰È·ÛÙ¿ÛÂȘ 60×60 ÙÂÙÚ·ÁˆÓÈο ¯ÈÏÈfiÌÂÙÚ·. ∆· ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊÔÓÙ·È ·Ó¿ÏÔÁ· Ì ÙÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ·̷ÙÔ˜ Û ÌÔÚÊ‹ 8bit ‹ 12bit Î·È ·ÔÛÙ¤ÏÏÔÓÙ·È ÛÙË °Ë Ì ڢıÌfi 89ªbps. ™‡Ìʈӷ Ì ÙË NASA 2001, ÙÔ Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ ASTER ۯ‰ȿÛÙËΠÁÈ· Ó· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙË ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·˜ Ù˘ °Ë˜. ∂ȉÈÎfiÙÂÚ·: 1. ¡· ÚÔˆı‹ÛÂÈ ÙË ÁˆÏÔÁÈ΋ ¤Ú¢ӷ ̤۷ ·fi ÙË ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË Ù˘ ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷ΋˜ ÙÔÔÁÚ·Ê›·˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÁˆÏÔÁÈÎÒÓ Û¯ËÌ·ÙÈÛÌÒÓ.

2. ¡· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË Ù˘ ηٷÓÔÌ‹˜ Î·È ÙˆÓ ÌÂÙ·‚ÔÏÒÓ Ù˘ Ê˘ÙÔÎ¿Ï˘„˘.

3. ¡· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË Ù˘ ·ÏÏËÏÂ›‰Ú·Û˘ ÌÂٷ͇ Ù˘ Á‹ÈÓ˘ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·˜ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛ˘ Ù˘ ÂÈÊ·ÓÂȷ΋˜ ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·˜.

4. ¡· ‚ÔËı‹ÛÂÈ ÛÙËÓ ·ÍÈÔÏfiÁËÛË Ù˘ Â›‰Ú·Û˘ Ù˘ ÂÎÔÌ‹˜ ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ·ÂÚ›ˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·, ̤ۈ Ù˘ ·Ú·Ù‹ÚËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ËÊ·ÈÛÙÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ‰Ú·ÛÙËÚÈÔًوÓ.

5. ¡· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË ÙˆÓ ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈÎÒÓ ÙˆÓ ·ÂÚ›ˆÓ Ù˘ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ·˜ Î·È ÛÙËÓ Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ÓÂÊÒÓ.

68 ∆∏§∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏

™¯‹Ì· 2.34 ∆· ‰È¿ÊÔÚ· Ì‹ÎË Î‡Ì·ÙÔ˜ ÛÙ· ÔÔ›· ηٷÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ ÙÔ Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ ASTER, Û ۇÁÎÚÈÛË Ì ÙȘ Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ˙ÒÓ˜ Landsat ETM+ (NASA 2001).

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 48: ∆· 14 ηӿÏÈ· ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜ ÙÔ˘ Ú·‰ÈÔ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ASTER ¶ÂÚÈÔ¯‹ º¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜

∫·Ó¿ÏÈ

ª‹ÎÔ˜ ∫‡Ì·ÙÔ˜

ƒ·‰ÈÔÌÂÙÚÈ΋ ∞‚‚·ÈfiÙËÙ·

ÈÚÈ΋ ¢È·ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ πηÓfiÙËÙ· Û ̤ÙÚ·

ªÔÚÊ‹ ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹˜

√Ú·Ùfi Î·È ∫ÔÓÙÈÓfi À¤Ú˘ıÚÔ

1

0,52-0,60

< 0,5%

15

8 bit

2

0,63-0,69

< 0,5%

15

8 bit

3

0,70-0,86

< 0,5%

15

8 bit

4

1,60-1,70

< 0,5%

30

8 bit

5

2,145-2,185

< 1,3%

30

8 bit

6

2,185-2,225

< 1,3%

30

8 bit

7

2,235-2,285

< 1,3%

30

8 bit

8

2,295-2,365

< 1,3%

30

8 bit

9

2,36-2,43

<1,3%

30

8 bit

10

8,125-8,475

< 0,3∫

90

12 bit

11

8,475-8,825

< 0,3∫

90

12 bit

12

8,925-9,275

< 0,3∫

90

12 bit

13

10,25-10,95

< 0,3∫

90

12 bit

14

10,95-11,65

< 0,3∫

90

12 bit

À¤Ú˘ıÚÔ

£ÂÚÌÈÎfi À¤Ú˘ıÚÔ

6. ¡· Û˘Ì‚¿ÏÏÂÈ ÛÙËÓ Î·Ù·ÓfiËÛË ÙÔ˘ ÚfiÏÔ˘ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÚ·ÏÏÈÔÁÂÓÒÓ ˘Ê¿ÏˆÓ ÛÙÔÓ Î‡ÎÏÔ ÙÔ˘ ¿Óıڷη, ̤ۈ Ù˘ ¯·ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛ˘ Ù˘ ·ÁÎfiÛÌÈ·˜ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿˜ ÙˆÓ ÎÔÚ·ÏÏÈÒÓ Î·È Ù˘ Ù·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛ‹˜ ÙÔ˘˜. ∆Ô Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ Aster ‚Ú›ÛÎÂÈ ÔÏϤ˜ ÂÊ·ÚÌÔÁ¤˜, fiˆ˜: ∞) ™ÙË Á‹ÈÓË ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ·: ñ ÷ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË ÂÓÂÚÁÒÓ ËÊ·ÈÛÙ›ˆÓ Î·È ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÎÚ‹ÍÂˆÓ ñ ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ‰È¿‚ÚˆÛ˘ Î·È Ù˘ ·fiıÂÛ˘ È˙ËÌ¿ÙˆÓ Û ·Ú¿ÎÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. ñ ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛ˘ Û ÙÚÔÈο ‰¿ÛË.

ñ ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙˆÓ ÏËÌÌ˘ÚÒÓ. ñ ∂ÎÙ›ÌËÛË ÙˆÓ ÂÓÂÚÁÂÈ·ÎÒÓ ÚÔÒÓ ÛÙËÓ ÍËÚ¿. ñ ¢ËÌÈÔ˘ÚÁ›· „ËÊÈ·ÎÒÓ ÌÔÓÙ¤ÏˆÓ ·Ó·ÁχÊÔ˘. µ) ™Â ı¿Ï·ÛÛ˜ Î·È Ï›ÌÓ˜: ñ ÷ÚÙÔÁÚ¿ÊËÛË ÎÔÚ·ÏÏÈÔÁÂÓÒÓ ˘Ê¿ÏˆÓ. ñ ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË ÙˆÓ ÙÔ˘Ú‚È‰ÈÙÈÎÒÓ ÚÂ˘Ì¿ÙˆÓ Î·È Ù˘ ˘Ôı·Ï¿ÛÛÈ·˜ ‚Ï¿ÛÙËÛ˘. ñ ∞Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ù˘ ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·˜ Ù˘ ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈ·˜ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ·˜ Û ·Ú¿ÎÙȘ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. °) ™Â ¯ÈfiÓÈ· Î·È ¿ÁÔ˘˜: ñ ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ÌÂٷΛÓËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ¿ÁˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ∞ÓÙ·ÚÎÙÈ΋. ñ ∞Ó¿Ï˘ÛË ÙÔ˘ ·Ï·ÈÔÎϛ̷ÙÔ˜ ̤ۈ Ù˘ ·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛ˘ ÙˆÓ ·ÁÂÙÒÓˆÓ ÛÙËÓ ÎÂÓÙÚÈ΋ ∞Û›·.

¶§∞∆º√ƒª∂™ ∆∏§∂∞¡πá∂À™∏™ 69 ñ ∞Ó¿Ï˘ÛË Ù˘ ‰È·ÛÔÚ¿˜ ÙˆÓ ı·Ï¿ÛÛÈˆÓ ¿ÁˆÓ, Ù˘ ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·˜ Î·È Ù˘ ·Ó¿ÎÏ·Û˘ ÙˆÓ ·Áfi‚Ô˘ÓˆÓ. ¢) ™ÙËÓ ·ÙÌfiÛÊ·ÈÚ· ñ ∆·ÍÈÓfiÌËÛË ÓÂÊÒÓ ñ ¶·Ú·ÎÔÏÔ‡ıËÛË Ù˘ ӤʈÛ˘ Î·È ÙˆÓ ¿ÁˆÓ Û ÔÏÈΤ˜ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜. ∆Ô Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ ASTER ¤¯ÂÈ ÙË ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· Ó· ·Ú¿ÁÂÈ Î·Ù¿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ÙÚԯȿ˜ ÛÙÂÚÂÔ˙‡ÁË ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ

(Û¯‹Ì·Ù· 2.35 Î·È 2.36) ÛÙÔ ÎÔÓÙÈÓfi ˘¤Ú˘ıÚÔ (0.78 0.86 Ìm). √È ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· (Ì ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÂÓfi˜ ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÏÂÙÔ‡) Î·È ¤¯Ô˘Ó ¯ˆÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· 15 ̤ÙÚˆÓ. ÀÔÏÔÁ›˙ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ Î·Ù¿ ÙË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· Ù˘ ·ÔÛÙÔÏ‹˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˘ ı· ÏËÊıÔ‡Ó ÂÚ›Ô˘ 45000 ÛÙÂÚÂÔ˙‡ÁË (¯ˆÚ›˜ ÓÂÊÔÎ¿Ï˘„Ë) Ô˘ Â›Ó·È ·ÚÎÂÙ¿ ÁÈ· Ó· ηχ„Ô˘Ó ÙËÓ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ· Ù˘ °Ë˜ Ô˘ ÂÎÙ›ÓÂÙ·È 80Æ ‚fiÚÂÈ· ¤ˆ˜ 80Æ ÓfiÙÈ· ÙÔ˘ πÛËÌÂÚÈÓÔ‡. H Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓË Ï‹„Ë ·ÔÙÂÏ› ÙÔ

™¯‹Ì· 2.35 ∏ ‰˘Ó·ÙfiÙËÙ· ÙÔ˘ Ú·‰ÈÔ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ASTER ÁÈ· Ï‹„Ë ÛÙÂÚÂÔÛÎÔÈÎÒÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ. √È ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Î·Ù¿ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ Ù˘ ÙÚԯȿ˜ Ì ¯ÚÔÓÈ΋ ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÂÓfi˜ ÂÚ›Ô˘ ÏÂÙÔ‡ (Lang & Welch 1999).

™¯‹Ì· 2.36 ∆Ô ÛÙÂÚÂÔ˙‡ÁÔ˜ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ ÙÔ˘ Ú·‰ÈÔ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ASTER. √È ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ÙˆÓ Î·Ó·ÏÈÒÓ 3¡ Î·È 3µ Ï·Ì‚¿ÓÔÓÙ·È Û¯Â‰fiÓ Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ·. ¶·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ÛÙ ÙË ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ ÛÙÔ Ì¤ÁÂıÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ‰‡Ô ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ (NASA 2001).

70 ∆∏§∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏ ·ÚÈÔ ÏÂÔÓ¤ÎÙËÌ· ÙÔ˘ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˘, ηıÒ˜ Ô ÂÚ¢ÓËÙ‹˜ ‰Â ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÂÙ·È Ó· „¿¯ÓÂÈ ÁÈ· Ó· ‚ÚÂÈ Î·Ù¿ÏÏËÏ· ÛÙÂÚÂÔ˙‡ÁË.

2.10.2 Paths & Rows ÌÈ·˜ ÂÈÎfiÓ·˜ ÙÔ˘ TERRA ASTER °È· ÏfiÁÔ˘˜ Û˘Ì‚·ÙfiÙËÙ·˜, ÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ ÚÔÁÚ¿ÌÌ·ÙÔ˜ Landsat Î·È ÔÈ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ASTER ·Ó·Ê¤ÚÔÓÙ·È Ì ÙȘ ›‰È˜ ‰È·‰ÚÔ̤˜ Î·È ÁÚ·Ì̤˜ (paths & rows). §fiÁˆ fï˜ ÙÔ˘ ÁÂÁÔÓfiÙÔ˜ fiÙÈ Î¿ı ÂÈÎfiÓ· ASTER ηχÙÂÈ Ì›· ¤ÎÙ·ÛË 60×60 ÙÂÙÚ·ÁˆÓÈÎÒÓ ¯ÈÏÈÔ̤ÙÚˆÓ, ÙÔ Ï‹ıÔ˜ ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ Ô˘ ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÁÈ· Ì›· Ï‹ÚË Î¿Ï˘„Ë ÙÔ˘ ∂ÏÏ·‰ÈÎÔ‡ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ Â›Ó·È Ôχ ÌÂÁ·Ï‡ÙÂÚÔ ·fi ·˘Ùfi ÙˆÓ ÂÈÎfiÓˆÓ Landsat. ¶ÈÔ Û˘ÁÎÂÎÚÈ̤ӷ, ¯ÚÂÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÂÚ› ÙȘ ‰È·ÎfiÛȘ ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ASTER ÁÈ· ÙËÓ Î¿Ï˘„Ë ÙÔ˘ ∂ÏÏ·‰ÈÎÔ‡ ¯ÒÚÔ˘ (Û¯‹Ì· 2.37).

2.10.3 ¢˘ÛÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›Â˜ ÙÔ˘ ‰¤ÎÙË TERRA ASTER ∫¿ÔȘ ·ÓˆÌ·Ï›Â˜ ÎÔÚÂÛÌÔ‡ ÙˆÓ ÙÈÌÒÓ ·Ú·ÙËÚ‹ıËÎ·Ó ÛÙȘ ˙ÒÓ˜ 5 ¤ˆ˜ 9 (SWIR) ÙÔ˘ Ú·‰ÈÔ̤ÙÚÔ˘ ASTER (Û¯‹Ì· 2.38) ·fi ÙÔ ª¿ÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 2007. ∞˘Ùfi ÙÔ Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ÔÊ›ÏÂÙ·È Û ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓȯÓÂ˘Ù‹ ASTER SWIR Î·È ÈÛÙ‡ÂÙ·È fiÙÈ ÚÔηÏÂ›Ù·È ·fi ÙËÓ ·˘ÍË̤ÓË ıÂÚÌÈ΋ ·ÓÙ›ÛÙ·ÛË ÛÙÔ Û‡ÛÙËÌ· „‡Í˘ (cryocooler SWIR). ∏ ‚Ú·‰Â›· ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·˜ ÙÔ˘ ·ÓȯÓÂ˘Ù‹ SWIR ‰ÂÓ Â›¯Â ηٷÛÙ› Úfi‚ÏËÌ· ̤¯ÚÈ ÙȘ ·Ú¯¤˜ ÙÔ˘ 2007, Î·È ·˘Ùfi ‰ÂÓ ÂËÚ¤·Û Ú·ÁÌ·ÙÈο ÙËÓ ÔÈfiÙËÙ· ÙˆÓ ‰Â‰ÔÌ¤ÓˆÓ ¤ˆ˜ fiÙÔ˘ Ë ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÓȯÓÂ˘Ù‹ ˘ÂÚ¤‚Ë ÙÔ˘˜ 83Æ∫ ÙËÓ 1Ë ª·˝Ô˘ 2007. ªÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ËÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ·˘Ù‹, ¤¯Ô˘Ó Á›ÓÂÈ Ù¤ÛÛÂÚȘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ Ó· ÌÂÈÒÛÔ˘Ó ÙË ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÓȯÓÂ˘Ù‹. ∏ ÚÒÙË ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· ÙÔ ª¿ÈÔ ÙÔ˘ 2007 ¤Ù˘¯Â ÙË Ì›ˆÛË Ù˘ ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·˜ Û 82Æ∫, ·ÏÏ¿ Ë ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·

™¯‹Ì· 2.37 ∫¿Ï˘„Ë Ù˘ ∂ÏÏ¿‰·˜ ·fi ÂÚ›Ô˘ 200 ÂÈÎfiÓ˜ ASTER.

Û‡ÓÙÔÌ· ¿Ú¯ÈÛ ӷ ·˘Í¿ÓÂÙ·È Î·È ¿ÏÈ, ¿Óˆ ÙˆÓ 83ÆK ÛÙ· Ù¤ÏË πÔ˘Ï›Ô˘. ∏ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚË Î·È Ë ÙÚ›ÙË ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ· Ó· ÌÂȈı› Ë ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÓȯÓÂ˘Ù‹ SWIR Ô˘ÛÈ·ÛÙÈο ·¤Ù˘¯·Ó ÙÔÓ √ÎÙÒ‚ÚÈÔ ÙÔ˘ ›‰ÈÔ˘ ¤ÙÔ˘˜. øÛÙfiÛÔ, Ì›· ٤ٷÚÙË ÚÔÛ¿ıÂÈ·, ÛÙ· ̤۷ π·ÓÔ˘·Ú›Ô˘ 2008, ηٿÊÂÚ ӷ ÌÂÈÒÛÂÈ ÙË ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· ÙÔ˘ ·ÓȯÓÂ˘Ù‹ SWIR ¤ˆ˜ 83Æ∫. ∞fi ÙËÓ ËÌÂÚÔÌËÓ›· ·˘Ù‹ Ë ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›· ·ÓȯÓÂ˘Ù‹ SWIR ·Ú¤ÌÂÓ ÛÙ·ıÂÚ‹ ÛÙÔ˘˜ 83Æ∫ ̤¯ÚÈ ÙȘ 9 ∞ÚÈÏ›Ô˘ ÙÔ˘ 2008, ÔfiÙ ˘ÂÚ¤‚Ë Í·Ó¿ ÙÔ˘˜ 83Æ∫. ŒÎÙÔÙÂ, ·Ú¿ ÙȘ ÚÔÛ¿ıÂȘ ÂȉÈfiÚıˆÛ˘, Ô ‰¤ÎÙ˘ SWIR ‰Â ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›.

2.11

∂arth √bserving 1

√ ÂÚ¢ÓËÙÈÎfi˜ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˜ Earth Observing 1 ÂÎÙÔ͇ıËΠÛÙȘ 21 ¡ÔÂÌ‚Ú›Ô˘ 2000. ∞ÎÔÏÔ˘ı› ÙËÓ ›‰È· ·ÎÚÈ‚Ò˜ ÙÚԯȿ Ì ÙÔ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ Landsat 7 Ì ‰È·ÊÔÚ¿ Ê¿Û˘ ÂÓfi˜ ÏÂÙÔ‡. ∏ ÙÚԯȿ ÙÔ˘ Â›Ó·È ËÏÈÔÛ‡Á¯ÚÔÓË Û ‡„Ô˜ 705 Km Î·È Â·Ó¤Ú¯ÂÙ·È ¿Óˆ ·fi ÙÔ ›‰ÈÔ ÛËÌÂ›Ô Î¿ı ‰Âη٤ÛÛÂÚȘ Ë̤Ú˜. √ ‰ÔÚ˘ÊfiÚÔ˜

™¯‹Ì· 2.38 ∂ÈÎfiÓ˜ ·fi ÙÔ ‰¤ÎÙË SWIR ÌÂÙ¿ ÙËÓ ·‡ÍËÛË Ù˘ ıÂÚÌÔÎÚ·Û›·˜. ¶ÚÔÛ¤ÍÙ ˆ˜ ÔÈ ÂÚÈÔ¯¤˜, fiÔ˘ Ë ÙÈÌ‹ ʈÙÂÈÓfiÙËÙ·˜ Â›Ó·È 255 ÂÌÊ·Ó›˙ÔÓÙ·È Ì ̷‡ÚÔ ¯ÚÒÌ· ÛÙȘ ˙ÒÓ˜ 5, 6 Î·È 7.

¶§∞∆º√ƒª∂™ ∆∏§∂∞¡πá∂À™∏™ 71 ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 49: ∆· ·ÚÈ· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙˆÓ ‰ÂÎÙÒÓ ÙÔ˘ EARTH OBSERVING 1

º·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi ‡ÚÔ˜

ALI

HYPERION

LAC

0,4 - 2,4 Ìm

0,4 - 2,5 Ìm

0,9 - 1,6 Ìm

ÈÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·

30 m

30 m

250 m

¶Ï¿ÙÔ˜ ‰·ÊÈ΋˜ ψڛ‰·˜ Ô˘ Û·ÚÒÓÂÙ·È

37 Km

7.6 Km

185 Km

º·ÛÌ·ÙÈ΋ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·

¶ÔÈΛÏË

10 nm

6 nm

∆ÌËÌ·ÙÈ΋

™˘Ó¯‹˜

™˘Ó¯‹˜

10 m

¢ÂÓ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ

¢ÂÓ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ

10

220

256

12 bit

12 bit

12 bit

∫¿Ï˘„Ë ÙÔ˘ Ê¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÈÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ· Ù˘ ·Á¯ÚˆÌ·ÙÈ΋˜ ˙ÒÓ˘ ∞ÚÈıÌfi˜ Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎÒÓ ˙ˆÓÒÓ ƒ·‰ÈÔÌÂÙÚÈ΋ ‰È·ÎÚÈÙÈ΋ ÈηÓfiÙËÙ·

›¯Â ÚÔÁÚ·ÌÌ·ÙÈṲ̂ÓË ‰È¿ÚÎÂÈ· ˙ˆ‹˜ ÂÓfi˜ ¤ÙÔ˘˜, ·ÏÏ¿ Û˘Ó¯›˙ÂÈ ·ÎfiÌ· Î·È Û‹ÌÂÚ· Ó· ÏÂÈÙÔ˘ÚÁ›. √ Earth Observing 1 ʤÚÂÈ ÙÚÂȘ ‰È·ÊÔÚÂÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰¤ÎÙ˜. ŒÓ·Ó ÔÏ˘Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎfi ‰¤ÎÙË (Advanced Land Imager) Î·È ‰‡Ô ˘ÂÚÊ·ÛÌ·ÙÈÎÔ‡˜ ‰¤ÎÙ˜ (Hyperion Î·È LEISA Atmospheric Corrector). ™ÙÔÓ ›Ó·Î· 49 ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È Û˘ÓÔÙÈο Ù· ¯·Ú·ÎÙËÚÈÛÙÈο ÙˆÓ ÙÚÈÒÓ ‰ÂÎÙÒÓ, ÂÓÒ ÛÙË Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ· ·ÚÔ˘ÛÈ¿˙ÔÓÙ·È ÈÔ ·Ó·Ï˘ÙÈο ÔÈ ‰‡Ô ‰¤ÎÙ˜ (Advanced Land Imager Î·È Hyperion).

2.11.1 ∏yperion O ‰¤ÎÙ˘ Hyperion ·Ú¤¯ÂÈ ˘„ËÏ‹˜ ÔÈfiÙËÙ·˜ ˘ÂÚÊ·ÛÌ·ÙÈο ‰Â‰Ô̤ӷ ÁÈ· ÙË ÌÂϤÙË Ù˘ Á‹ÈÓ˘ ÂÈÊ¿ÓÂÈ·˜. ¶ÚfiÎÂÈÙ·È ÁÈ· ¤Ó·Ó ηٷÁڷʤ·, Ô ÔÔ›Ô˜ Û·ÚÒÓÂÈ Ì›· ‰·ÊÈ΋ ψڛ‰· Ì‹ÎÔ˘˜ 30 ̤ÙÚˆÓ Î·È Ï¿ÙÔ˘˜ 7,5 km

οıÂÙ· ÚÔ˜ ÙËÓ ÙÚԯȿ (‚Ï. Û¯‹Ì· 2.39). √ ‰¤ÎÙ˘ ‰È·ı¤ÙÂÈ ¤Ó· ÙËÏÂÛÎfiÈÔ Î·È ‰‡Ô Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚ·, ¤Ó· ÁÈ· ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹ ÛÙÔ ÔÚ·Ùfi-ÎÔÓÙÈÓfi ˘¤Ú˘ıÚÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ Ê¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ Î·È ¤Ó· ÁÈ· ηٷÁÚ·Ê‹ ÛÙÔ ÂÁÁ‡˜ ˘¤Ú˘ıÚÔ. ∏ ηٷÁÚ·ÊfiÌÂÓË ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›· ‰È·¯ˆÚ›˙ÂÙ·È ·fi ¤Ó· ‰È¯Úˆ˚Îfi Ê›ÏÙÚÔ. ∆Ô ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›·˜ ·fi Ù· 400 ¤ˆ˜ Ù· 1000 nm ·ÔÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÙ·È ÛÙÔ ÚÒÙÔ Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ, ÂÓÒ ÛÙÔ ‰Â‡ÙÂÚÔ Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚÔ ·ÔÛÙ¤ÏÏÂÙ·È ÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· Ù˘ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›·˜ ·fi Ù· 900 ¤ˆ˜ Ù· 2500 nm. ∏ ÂÈÎ¿Ï˘„Ë ÛÙÔ ÙÌ‹Ì· ÙÔ˘ Ê¿ÛÌ·ÙÔ˜ ÌÂٷ͇ 900 Î·È 1000 nm ¤¯ÂÈ Á›ÓÂÈ ÛÎfiÈÌ· ÁÈ· Ó· ÌÔÚÔ‡Ó Ó· ‚·ıÌÔÓÔÌÔ‡ÓÙ·È Ù·˘Ùfi¯ÚÔÓ· Î·È ÈÛfiÙÈÌ· Ù· ‰‡Ô Ú·‰ÈfiÌÂÙÚ·. √ ‰¤ÎÙ˘ ηٷÁÚ¿ÊÂÈ ÙËÓ ·ÎÙÈÓÔ‚ÔÏ›· Û 242 Û˘Ó¯›˜ Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ˙ÒÓ˜ ‡ÚÔ˘˜ 10 nm. ∞fi ·˘Ù¤˜ ÌfiÓÔ ÔÈ 196 Â›Ó·È ‚·ıÌÔÓÔÌË̤Ó˜ (‚Ï. ›Ó·Î· 50).

¶›Ó·Î·˜ 50: √È 242 Ê·ÛÌ·ÙÈΤ˜ ˙ÒÓ˜ ÙÔ˘ HYPERION (www.nasa.gov) ∑ÒÓË

ª¤ÛÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ·̷ÙÔ˜ (nm)

¶Ï‹Ú˜ ‡ÚÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ‹ÌÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÁ›ÛÙÔ˘ (nm)

ªË ‚·ıÌÔÓÔÌË̤ÓË (X)

∑ÒÓË

ª¤ÛÔ Ì‹ÎÔ˜ ·̷ÙÔ˜ (nm)

¶Ï‹Ú˜ ‡ÚÔ˜ ÛÙÔ ‹ÌÈÛ˘ ÙÔ˘ ÌÂÁ›ÛÙÔ˘ (nm)

B1

355,5900

11,3871

X

B122

1366,4500

10,7283

B2

365,7600

11,3871

X

B123

1376,5500

10,7437

B3

375,9400

11,3871

X

B124

1386,6500

10,7612

B4

386,1100

11,3871

X

B125

1396,7400

10,7807

B5

396,2900

11,3871

X

B126

1406,8400

10,8034

B6

406,4600

11,3871

X

B127

1416,9400

10,8267

B7

416,6400

11,3871

X

B128

1426,9400

10,8534

B8

426,8200

11,3871

B129

1437,0400

10,8818

B9

436,9900

11,3871

B130

1447,1400

10,9110

B10

447,1700

11,3871

B131

1457,2300

10,9422

B11

457,3400

11,3871

B132

1467,3300

10,9743

B12

467,5200

11,3871

B133

1477,4300

11,0074

B13

477,6900

11,3871

B134

1487,5300

11,0414

B14

487,8700

11,3784

B135

1497,6300

11,0759

ªË ‚·ıÌÔÓÔÌË̤ÓË (X)

72 ∆∏§∂¶π™∫√¶∏™∏ ¶›Ó·Î·˜ 50: (Û˘Ó¤¯ÂÈ·) B15

498,0400

11,3538

B136

1507,7300

11,1108

B16

508,2200

11,3133

B137

1517,8300

11,1461

B17

518,3900

11,2580

B138

1527,9200

11,1811

B18

528,5700

11,1907

B139

1537,9200

11,2156

B19

538,7400

11,1119

B140

1548,0200

11,2496

B20

548,9200

11,0245

B141

1558,1200

11,2826

B21

559,0900

10,9321

B142

1568,2200

11,3146

B22

569,2700

10,8368

B143

1578,3200

11,3460

B23

579,4500

10,7407

B144

1588,4200

11,3753

B24

589,6200

10,6482

B145

1598,5100

11,4037

B25

599,8000

10,5607

B146

1608,6100

11,4302

B26

609,9700

10,4823

B147

1618,7100

11,4538

B27

620,1500

10,4147

B148

1628,8100

11,4760

B28

630,3200

10,3595

B149

1638,8100

11,4958

B29

640,5000

10,3188

B150

1648,9000

11,5133

B30

650,6700

10,2942

B151

1659,0000

11,5286

B31

660,8500

10,2856

B152

1669,1000

11,5404

B32

671,0200

10,2980

B153

1679,2000

11,5505

B33

681,2000

10,3349

B154

1689,3000

11,5580

B34

691,3700

10,3909

B155

1699,4000

11,5621

B35

701,5500

10,4592

B156

1709,5000

11,5634

B36

711,7200

10,5322

B157

1719,6000

11,5617

B37

721,9000

10,6004

B158

1729,7000

11,5563

B38

732,0700

10,6562

B159

1739,7000

11,5477

B39

742,2500

10,6933

B160

1749,7900

11,5346

B40

752,4300

10,7058

B161

1759,8900

11,5193

B41

762,6000

10,7276

B162

1769,9900

11,5002

B42

772,7800

10,7907

B163

1780,0900

11,4789

B43

782,9500

10,8833

B164

1790,1900

11,4548

B44

793,1300

10,9938

B165

1800,2900

11,4279

B45

803,3000

11,1044

B166

1810,3800

11,3994

B46

813,4800

11,1980

B167

1820,4800

11,3688

B47

823,6500

11,2600

B168

1830,5800

11,3366

B48

833,8300

11,2824

B169

1840,5800

11,3036

B49

844,0000

11,2822

B170

1850,6800

11,2696

B71

851,9200

11,0457

B171

1860,7800

11,2363

B50

854,1800

11,2816

B172

1870,8700

11,2007

B72

862,0100

11,0457

B173

1880,9800

11,1666

B51

864,3500

11,2809

B174

1891,0700

11,1333

B73

872,1000

11,0457

B175

1901,1700

11,1018

B52

874,5300

11,2797

B176

1911,2700

11,0714

B74

882,1900

11,0457

B177

1921,3700

11,0424

B53

884,7000

11,2782

B178

1931,4700

11,0155

B75

892,2800

11,0457

B179

1941,5700

10,9912

B54

894,8800

11,2771

B180

1951,5700

10,9698

B76

902,3600

11,0457

B181

1961,6600

10,9508

X

X

X

X

X

X