6-Ε-077 Η Ποιοτητα στο Τσιπουρο - ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ

Ðñüëïãïò Ôï ôóßðïõñï åßíáé Ýíá ðïôü ðïõ ðñïÝñ÷åôáé áðü ôçí áîéïðïßçóç ôùí õðïëåéììÜôùí ôçò ðáñáóêåõÞò ôïõ êñáóéïý. Óêïðüò ôçò ðáñáãùãÞò ôïõ Þôáí íá åíéó÷õèåß ôï áãñïôéêü åéóüäçìá ôùí áìðåëïõñãþí. Ìå ôç öïñïëïãßá üìùò ðïõ åðéâëÞèçêå áñãüôåñá óôï ôóßðïõñï, Ýöèáóå íá äéáêéíåßôáé óôçí áãïñÜ óå õøçëÝò ôéìÝò. ¸ôóé óÞìåñá ðëÝïí èåùñåßôáé ðñïúüí ðïëõôåëåßáò. ¸íá ðñïúüí ðïëõôåëåßáò üìùò áðáéôåß êáé êáëÞ ðïéüôçôá. Óôï âéâëßï ìáò áõôÞ ôçí ðïéüôçôá èÝëïõìå íá áíáäåßîïõìå, åðåéäÞ õðÜñ÷ïõí ðïëëÝò åðéêßíäõíåò ïõóßåò óôç óýóôáóÞ ôïõ, üôáí äåí ãßíïíôáé ïé óùóôÝò äéáäéêáóßåò ôçò åðéëïãÞò êáé äéáôÞñçóçò ôçò ðñþôçò ýëçò êáé óôç óõíÝ÷åéá ôçò áðüóôáîçò. Ç ðñþôç åíüôçôá ôïõ âéâëßïõ ðåñéëáìâÜíåé éóôïñéêÜ óôïé÷åßá ãéá ôï ôóßðïõñï ìå ôç ó÷åôéêÞ Íïìïèåóßá, ôá óõóôáôéêÜ êáé ôéò âëáâåñÝò ïõóßåò ðïõ ðåñéÝ÷ïíôáé ó' áõôü, ôçí áðüóôáîç êáé ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôçò ðáñáóêåõÞò ôïõ, ôç ãåõóéãíùóßá êáé ôïí óõíäõáóìü ôïõ ìå ôéò ôñïöÝò. Äéá÷ùñßæïõìå ôï ðáñáäïóéáêü ôóßðïõñï ôùí áìðåëïõñãþí áðü ôï ôóßðïõñï áðïóôáãìáôïðïéßáò êáé äßíïõìå ìåãÜëç óçìáóßá óôéò åðéêßíäõíåò ïõóßåò ðïõ âëÜðôïõí ôçí õãåßá ôùí êáôáíáëùôþí. Óôç äåýôåñç åíüôçôá ðáñïõóéÜæïõìå ôïí ôñüðï ìå ôïí ïðïßï åðéôõã÷Üíåôáé ç ðïéüôçôá óôï ôóßðïõñï, óýìöùíá ìå ôï äéåèíÝò ðñüôõðï ISO 22000 ãéá áóöáëÞ ðñïúüíôá, ðïõ óôçñßæåôáé óôç ìåèïäïëïãßá êáé óôéò áñ÷Ýò ôïõ HACCP ôçò åðéôñïðÞò FAO/WHO Codex Alimentarius. ÐñïâëÝðïíôáé äéáäéêáóßåò ãéá ôçí áíôéìåôþðéóç ôùí âéïëïãéêþí, ÷çìéêþí êáé öõóéêþí êéíäýíùí óôçí ðáñáãùãÞ ôïõ ôóßðïõñïõ, Ýôóé þóôå íá ðáñÝ÷åé áóöÜëåéá óôïõò êáôáíáëùôÝò.

8

Ç ðïéüôçôá óôï ôóßðïõñï

Óôçí ôñßôç åíüôçôá ðáñáèÝôïõìå ôçí ÅëëçíéêÞ Íïìïèåóßá ãéá ôá áðïóôÜãìáôá êáé ôéò öùôïãñáößåò ðïõ óõãêåíôñþóáìå áðü äéÜöïñåò ðåñéï÷Ýò ôçò ÅëëÜäáò ðïõ Ý÷ïõí ó÷Ýóç ìå ôçí êáôáóêåõÞ ôùí áðïóôáêôéêþí óõóêåõþí êáé ôç ëåéôïõñãßá ôïõò. Óôü÷ïò ôïõ âéâëßïõ åßíáé ç âåëôßùóç ôçò ðïéüôçôáò ôïõ ôóßðïõñïõ ðïõ ðáñÜãåôáé óôçí ÅëëÜäá, ùò ðáñáäïóéáêü Þ ùò ôõðïðïéçìÝíï ðñïúüí. Ç ðïéïôéêÞ áíáâÜèìéóÞ ôïõ åðéâÜëëåôáé ãéá ôçí äçìüóéá õãåßá. Ôï âéâëßï áðïôåëåß öüñï ôéìÞò ðñïò ôïí ðáððïý ìïõ Ðáíáãéþôç êáé ðñïò ôïí ðáôÝñá ìïõ Ëåùíßäá. Ï ðñþôïò ìåôÝöåñå ôçí åìðåéñßá ôùí áðïóôáãìáôïðïéþí ôçò ÁíáôïëéêÞò Ñùìõëßáò óôç íÝá ôïõ "ðáôñßäá" êáé ï äåýôåñïò äéáöýëáîå ôçí ðáñÜäïóç ôçò ðáñáóêåõÞò ôïõ ôóßðïõñïõ êáé ôçí ìåôÝäùóå óå ìáò, ìå ôïí ïéêïãåíåéáêü ìáò Üìâõêá ðïõ äéáôçñïýìå ðïëëÝò äåêáåôßåò óýìöùíá ìå ôïí Ê.Í.Ö.Ï.

917/1917. Ï óõããñáöÝáò áîéïðïßçóå óôçí ðñÜîç ôçí åìðåéñßá ðïõ êëçñïíüìçóå êáé ìå ãíþóåéò ôéò ïðïßåò áðÝêôçóå óôï Ê.Ó.Å. ôïõ Åèíéêïý Ìåôóüâéïõ Ðïëõôå÷íåßïõ ãéá ôï HACCP êáé óôï LRQA ãéá ôï ISO 22000, ðñïóðÜèçóå íá äþóåé óôïõò áðïóôáãìáôïðïéïýò üëá ôá áðáñáßôçôá óôïé÷åßá, þóôå íá ðáñáóêåõÜóïõí Ýíá ðïéïôéêü ðñïúüí áóöáëÝò ãéá ôïõò êáôáíáëùôÝò. Ç ðïéüôçôá üìùò åðéâÜëëåé êáé ôçí ôõðïðïßçóç ôïõ ðáñáäïóéáêïý Þ áìðåëïõñãéêïý ôóßðïõñïõ ôùí Ìéêñþí áðïóôáãìáôïðïéþí. Ìüíï Ýôóé èá áíáäåé÷èåß ôï ðñïúüí êáé èá êáôáêôÞóåé ôïõò ¸ëëçíåò êáé áëëïäáðïýò êáôáíáëùôÝò. Ï óõããñáöÝáò

Ðåñéå÷üìåíá ÐÑÙÔÇ ÅÍÏÔÇÔÁ ÅéóáãùãÞ ...............................................................................13 ÐïôÜ áðü ïéíüðíåõìá óôåìöýëùí ......................................17 ÁðïóôÜãìáôá áðü áìðåëïïéíéêÜ ðñïúüíôá .......................19 Ï ÷áëêüò óôçí áðüóôáîç ....................................................20 Íïìïèåóßá .............................................................................23 Ïéíïðíåõìáôïðïéïß Á~ êáôçãïñßáò.....................................23 Ïéíïðíåõìáôïðïéïß Â~ êáôçãïñßáò .....................................24 Áðïóôáãìáôïðïéïß ................................................................24 Ðïôïðïéïß...............................................................................25 Ìéêñïß áðïóôáãìáôïðïéïß (äéÞìåñïé)................................25 ÓõóôáôéêÜ ôïõ ôóßðïõñïõ .....................................................31 Åðéêßíäõíåò ïõóßåò óôï ôóßðïõñï .......................................38 Ðñïåôïéìáóßá ôçò ðáñáóêåõÞò ôïõ ôóßðïõñïõ .................41 Ç ðñþôç ýëç ..........................................................................43 Ç áðïèÞêåõóç ôçò ðñþôçò ýëçò..........................................44 ÓôÜäéá ðáñáãùãÞò ôóßðïõñïõ.............................................45 ÐáñáëáâÞ óôáöõëéþí...........................................................45 Áðïâïóôñý÷ùóç êáé Ýêèëéøç ôùí óôáöõëéþí...................46 ÐáñáëáâÞ óôáöõëïðïëôïý ..................................................46 Æýìùóç...................................................................................47 Áðüóôáîç ...............................................................................49 Ôóßðïõñï ðáñáäïóéáêü Þ áìðåëïõñãéêü ..........................52 ÁðëïâñáóìÝíï ôóßðïõñï .....................................................52 ÄéðëïâñáóìÝíï ôóßðïõñï ....................................................54 Ôóßðïõñï áðïóôáãìáôïðïéßáò.............................................55 Ôõðïðïßçóç-åìöéÜëùóç .......................................................56 Êùäéêïðïßçóç-áðïèÞêåõóç.................................................57 Ãåõóéãíùóßá...........................................................................58 ÏñãÜíùóç ôçò ãåõóéãíùóßáò...............................................58

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Ç ðïéüôçôá óôï ôóßðïõñï

Óõíäõáóìüò ìå ôéò ôñïöÝò ...................................................62 ÃëùóóÜñé................................................................................63 Ç åðßäñáóç ôïõ ïéíïðíåýìáôïò óôïí Üíèñùðï ................67 ÄÅÕÔÅÑÇ ÅÍÏÔÇÔÁ ISO 22000 óôï ôóßðïõñï.......................................................71 Ïñéóìïß...................................................................................72 Áñ÷Ýò HACCP ......................................................................75 Êßíäõíïé .................................................................................76 Ðñüôõðï ISO 22000 ..............................................................77 ÓõóôÞìáôá Äéá÷åßñéóçò ÁóöÜëåéáò Ôñïößìùí - ÓÄÁÔ ..80 ÁðáéôÞóåéò ãéá ôïõò ïñãáíéóìïýò ôçò áëõóßäáò ôñïößìùí..80 Ó÷åäéáóìüò ôïõ ÓÄÁÔ .........................................................83 Äéáäéêáóßåò ÓÄÁÔ ...............................................................96 ÅãêáôÜóôáóç ÓÄÁÔ .............................................................98 Åéóåñ÷üìåíï êáé åîåñ÷üìåíá............................................100 Åéóåñ÷üìåíá ........................................................................100 Åîåñ÷üìåíá..........................................................................100 ÄéÜãñáììá ÑïÞò..................................................................101 ÄéÜãñáììá ñïÞò ðáñáãùãçò ôóßðïõñïõ ìå ôï ÊÓÅ.......101 ÁíÜëõóç êéíäýíùí ..............................................................103 Âéïëïãéêïß êßíäõíïé ............................................................104 ×çìéêïß êßíäõíïé .................................................................106 Öõóéêïß êßíäõíïé .................................................................109 ÅðáëÞèåõóç ôïõ ÓÄÁÔ .....................................................111 Ðñïáðáéôïýìåíá ðñïãñÜììáôá ........................................113 ËåéôïõñãéêÜ ðñïáðáéôïýìåíá ðñïãñÜììáôá ..................114 ÄéÜãñáììá áðïöÜóåùí ãéá ôá ËåéôïõñãéêÜ ðñïáðáéôïýìåíá ðñïãñÜììáôá .........................................116 ÄéÜãñáììá áðïöÜóåùí ãéá ôá ÊÓÅ ................................118 ÓôÜäéá ðáñáãùãÞò óôï ôóßðïõñï - Ó÷Ýäéï HACCP.......120 ÔÑÉÔÇ ÅÍÏÔÇÔÁ Íüìïé ãéá ôá áðïóôÜãìáôá................................................129 Âéâëéïãñáößá.......................................................................173