The therapeutic effect of convalescent plasma for Covid-19 and its suggested preparation and transfusion! Convalescent plasma is plasma collected from patients who have recovered from a viral infection. Antibodies within the person's plasma were formed to help them beat the virus. These antibodies could potentially be transferred to another person with the virus to help their immune system fight against it. Convalescent plasma may be a therapeutic alternative to treat COVID-19. Previous findings in several viral respiratory diseases, including SARS-CoV-related pneumonia, showed that treatment with convalescent plasma reduced mortality, although formal evidence is still lacking. Convalescent plasma to treat patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 SARS-Cov-2 and SARS-Cov are known to bind to the same input receptor (ACE2) with similar affinity. Notably, the polyclonal Ab from SARS-CoV inhibits the peak glycoprotein (S) mediated entry of SARS-CoV-2 into cells. SARS-CoV can also be used to study this theory since it has very similar characteristics when compared to SARS-CoV-2. Mice treated with convalescence were protected from reinfection, so it could be said that it helps prevent possible reinfections of SARS-CoV-2. It is essential to know that the passive intraperitoneal transfer of said SARS-CoV antibody to mice without prior treatment can prevent the replication of SARS-CoV in the respiratory tract. It has been reported that the administration of convalescent plasma in 10 seriously ill patients of COVID-19 showed great improvement from a critical condition in a median of 16. 5 days (11 to 20 days) after the onset of the disease. Another study reported that of 5 critically ill patients with COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (all with mechanical ventilation), administration of convalescent plasma containing neutralizing antibodies 10 to 22 days after the onset of the disease obtained improvement in all 5 patients. No adverse effects of convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 have been reported at this time. However there were two case reports of possible transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) after convalescent plasma therapy in a patient with Ebola disease and a patient with MERS-CoV. Thus, the hypothesis could be that early administration of convalescent plasma containing polyclonal neutralizing antibodies may inhibit viral entry and replication of COVID-19, with minimal adverse effects. Preparation and transfusion of convalescent plasma for COVID-19 Eligibility of recovered COVID-19 patients for donation whole blood or plasma: â—?
Confirmation of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 by a record of a diagnostic test
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A waiting period of at least 2 weeks after complete recovery
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Standard selection criteria for the donation of whole blood or plasma according to local requirements and standards (e.g. age, weight, collection frequency, vital signs, absence of deferral criteria) in line with the “Network of Blood Regulators of The WHO”
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Non-reactivity of blood samples for transfusion-transmitted infections, including HIV, HBV, HCV, syphilis (for whole blood), and locally transmitted infections using approved serological and / or nucleic acid tests.
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In order to avoid the risk of acute pulmonary transfusion injury (TRALI), preference should be given to using plasma from male or female donors who have never been pregnant, including abortions.
Recovery from COVID-19 infection should be confirmed by: ●
Physical examination of the donor to confirm good health
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If plasma is collected within 28 days after recovery from the patient, then confirmation of resolution of infection should be achieved by two non-reactive nucleic acid (NAT) tests for SARS-CoV-2 in an interval of at least 24 h with nasopharyngeal swabs.
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You should know the approximate date of COVID-19 infection, your symptom history, treatments received, and recovery date for all your symptoms and general illness.
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Total and neutralizing titers of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are required to be determined as part of product characterization prior to use.
Recommendations for plasma transfusion: ●
Comply with standard hospital procedures and recommendations for plasma thawing and transfusion.
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It is essential to confirm ABO compatibility between donor and recipient.
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Plasma transfusion from at least two donors is recommended as it is therapeutically most beneficial to achieve more effective immune protection against the supply of various antibodies.
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Blood / serum / plasma samples should be taken from the recipient before and after the transfusion for potential future scientific research.
All credits of scientific information are for the authors of the scientific article creation! Scientific information reference: 1. Tiberghien P, de Lambalerie X, Morel P, Gallian P, Lacombe K, Yazdanpanah Y. Collecting and evaluating convalescent plasma for COVID-19 treatment: why and how. Vox Sang. 2020. 2. Epstein J, Burnouf T. Points to consider in the preparation and transfusion of COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Link first article: https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.12926 Link second article: https://doi.org/10.1111/vox.12939
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