Urban Codes for Noise-Prone Neighbourhood

STRATEGIC GOALS

F R E IGHT ROUT E

0

IN DUST R IA L ZON E

OPEN S PACE COVERAGE Industrial zones

Approved Conditionally approved

1km

Parkland & garden Natural area

400-m catchment

1km

Source: VicRoads, 2018

Truck routes often pass through the residential areas generating high noise level and air pollution.

1 x 1 km

0

1km

Source: DELWP, 2018

The residents in Inner West Melbourne are more affected by the impacts of industrial areas.

Maribyrnong

Yarraville

“

Heavy truck traffic in residential area creating unsafe street for pedestrians and cyclists and generating high noise level

B Y 2 0 4 8 , YAR R AV I L L E WI L L BU I L D M OR E N OI S E S E N S I T I V E N E I G H B O U R H O O D B Y MOV I N G T HE T RUC K T R AF F I C , R E D U C I N G T H E S P E E D L I M I T, AC T I VAT I N G O P E N S PAC E , AN D C R E AT I N G MO R E S T R E E T- F R I E N DLY D E V E LO P ME N T TO I MP ROV E T H E WE L L - B E I N G OF T HE R E S I D E N T S AN D T H E N E I G H B O U R H OOD QUA L I T Y

Source: VEAC, 2011

Inner West Melbourne has a great ammount of open space within walking distance.

200 x 200 m Residential zone Public use zone Commercial zone Industrial zone >2-storey building Green open space Noise source

Current apartment building Underutilised potential open is massive and not street space due to high fencing and friendly in terms of access and lack of permeability visual appearance

Recreation area

Restricted

0

Building perimeter lacks of noise-absorbent and reflective interface to reduce noise from street and railway

Industrial areas close to residential areas Railway as the second noise source

N

Intensified development Unsafe street for pedestrians and cyclists

“

S PATIAL ANALYSIS

Inner West Melbourne is one of the fastest growing areas in Greater Melbourne due to the affordable housing prices, lower density areas, and its proximity to Melbourne CBD where jobs are mostly located which then attract residents from various background. However, Inner West Melbourne is also home for industrial areas which create a conflict with the new residential areas because of the noise, pollution, waste, and safety. Thus, it affects the residents’ wellbeing within the Inner West Melbourne.

To ensure the future lowand mid-rise residential development pays attention to noise absorbent interface in its building and site perimeter

To ensure the mid-rise development celebrates the street by having appropriate openess and acess to the street

To ensure the open space is more utilised for multiple activities to avoid the noise as 62% of residents feel uncomfortable staying at home

To provide street that can minimise the noise level which is also vibrant, safe, inclusive, and pedestrian friendly

1.

NOIS E ABS ORBENT INTERFACE

2.

S TREET- F RIENDLY APARTMENT

3.

GREEN OPEN S PACE ACTIVAT I O N

4.

U LT I M AT E R E SI D E N T I A L ST R E E T

S mall inter vention codes

Underutilised open space with low accessibility

Big i n t er ven t i o n co d es

Heavy truck traffic Lack of tree canopy coverage

To i ndustr i a l area

Westgate Tunnel development to shift the truck traffic

Railwa

y

YARRAV ILLE FACT SHE E T

Francis St N 0

Noise-insensitive building interface

200m

4600+

trucks per day in Francis Street (MTAG, 2015)

36%

suffered from asthma, nearly 3x of Australian average (MTAG, 2007)

55%

undergo sleep disturbance (MTAG, 2007)

62%

less likely to spend time at home (MTAG, 2007)

46% 8 9 .7 % 150200

feel that the environment is unsafe for children (MTAG, 2007) feel that their life quality would be better if living in areas with less truck traffic (MTAG, 2007)

80d b*

the noise level from truck traffic in Francis Street

65d b*

the average noise level during the day in Francis Street

55d b

the maximum noise level in outdoor living area (WHO, 1999)

hospital admissions for respiratory problems per 10,000 in 2009-2010.

The highest in Greater Melbourne (MTAG, 2014)

*) using Sound Meter application

EXI STIN G CO N DITION

Heavy truck traffic in residential area

Bulky and dead-frontage apartment development

3

4

1

https://www.pottstowntrees.org

http://www.calgary.ca

https://www.yarracity.vic.gov.au/

http://content.aucklanddesignmanual.co.nz

3

2

3

1

http://www.bayareaperviousconcrete.com

http://www.bayareaperviousconcrete.com

https://www.domain.com.au

https://www.furnitubes.com

REFERENCE LIST

No safe pedestrian crossing

ABPL90132 - Land Use and Urban Design Urban Codes and Design Scenario

4

Less noise-sensitive interface and the lack of tree canopy coverage

Green open space with low accessibility and permeability

Potential green open space to be more well-utilised

Noise Sensitive Neighbourhood Yarraville

.idcommunity. (2018). Retrieved from https://profile.id.com.au/ 202020Vision. (n.d.). Where are all the trees? An analysis of tree canopy cover in urban Australia. Retrieved from http://202020vision.com.au/media/7145/where_are_all_the_trees.pdf Australian Bureau of Statistics. (2016). Retrieved from http://abs.gov.au/ DELWP. (2017). Urban Development Program: State Significant Industrial Precincts 2016. Retrieved from https://www.planning. vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0024/101787/Urban-Development-Program-SSIP-2016.pdf Environment Protection Authority Victoria. (2007). EPA Noise Surveys 2007. Retrieved from https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/~/ media/Publications/1169.pdf Lehnerer, A. (2009). Grand urban rules. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers.

Maribyrnong City Council. (2013). Senate Committee - The impact on health of air quality in Australia. Retrieved from http:// mtag.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/sub63_MCC.pdf Maribyrnong City Council. (2018). Maribyrnong Planning Scheme. Retrieved from http://planning-schemes.delwp.vic.gov. au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/463966/Maribyrnong_PS_Ordinance.pdf Maribyrnong Truck Action Group. (2007). Resident’s perception survey. Retrieved from https://www.epa.vic.gov.au/our-work/ setting-standards/~/media/Files/air/vehicles/docs/MTAGAttachment.pdf Maribyrnong Truck Action Group. (2015). Submission to the inquiry into the proposed lease of the port of Melbourne. Retrieved from https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/committees/pomsc/Submissions/Submission_32_-_Maribyrnong_Truck_ Action_Group.pdf

Tutor

Shwiti Ravisankar

Maribyrnong Truck Action Group. (2014). Diesesl Pollution. Retrieved from https://mtag.org.au/diesel-pollution/ NACTO. (2016). Global Street Design Guide. Retrieved from https://globaldesigningcities.org/publication/global-street-designguide/ The Noun Project. (2018). Retrieved from https://thenounproject.com/ VicRoads. (2010). Interpretation and application of VicRoads Traffic Noise Reduction Policy 2005. Retrieved from https://www. vicroads.vic.gov.au/~/media/files/technical-documents-new/road-design-notes/road-design-note-0601--interpretation-andapplication-of-vicroads-traffic-noise-reduction-policy-jul.pdf VicRoads. (2013). Cycle Notes 21 – Widths of Off-Road Shared Use Paths. Retrieved from https://viastrada.nz/sites/default/files/ Cycle_Notes_21_0813_WEB_0.pdf VicRoads. (2016). Traffic Engineering Manual – Design Guidance for strategically important cycling corridors. Retrieved from https://www.vicroads.vic.gov.au/~/media/files/technical-documents-new/traffic-engineering-manual-v3/tem-vol-3-part-218-vicroads-design-guidance-for-strategically-important-cycling-corridors.pdf VicRoads. (2018). Victoria’s gazetted B-Double Network. Retrieved from https://vicroadsmaps.maps.arcgis.com/apps/ webappviewer/index.html?id=636d0f14807e4b13a3414b8d48a56c0f Victoria Walks. (2015). Shared paths – the issues. Retrieved from http://www.victoriawalks.org.au/Assets/Files/Shared_paths_ the_issues_v1.pdf Victoria Walks. (n.d.). Shared paths – finding solutions: Position statement and recommendations. Retrieved from http://www. victoriawalks.org.au/Assets/Files/Shared_Paths_Position_Statement.pdf

Student

Iqbal Adam / 892825

URBAN CODES

Code 3. Green Open Space Activation 3.1 Multiple Entrance

To increase the permeability and accessibility, one gate or entrance point should be placed in every edge abutting to the street or public domain. The gate width should not be less than 2 m to allow wheelchairs

Code 1. Noise Absorbent Interface

1.0m

2.0m

1.0m

1.5m

0.5m

0.5m

1.1 Perimeter Fence and Wall

1.2 Front Setback and Openings

1.3 Natural White Noise

1.4 Apartment Street Interface

Site perimeter facing the street should use mixed material, e.g. timber, stone, brick, and concrete, to reduce noise and maintain aesthetic value. The height should not exceed 1.5 m to respond the street.

3.2 Low Fencing

B E S T-C AS E S C E NAR I O

Low fencing helps define the public character of open space by making it more inviting for people. The fence height should not exceed 1 m height and use solid and strong material, e.g. iron, steel, or wood, to maintain safety for users

Site perimeter abutting to railway could use continuous solid wall, e.g. concrete, stone, and brick, since aesthetic value is less concerned. The wall height should not exceed 2m 3.3 Water Infrastructure

For the open space without existing natural water body, water infrastructure, e.g. fountain, mini waterfall, could be installed to create natural white noise

Double-glazed window size should not exceed 30% of the interior wall plane to minimise the noise in the indoor-living area.

The building should be set back by at least 5 m to from the noise source to provide more space for shrubs or bushes

Vegetation, e.g. shrubs and bushes, and water sound, e.g. fountain or mini waterfall, could be placed in the perimeter closed to noise source to attenuate and mask the noise by creating natural white noise which psychologically improves the well-being

DESIGN SCENARIO

For the open space with existing water body, improving the infrastructure to create white noise should be done 3.4 Shared / Dedicated Pathway

To accommodate all users, open space should provide shared or dedicated pathway

The best scenario is where the road traffic is shifted to the Westgate Tunnel and road diet is implemented. Moreover, the new midrise developments will celebrate the street by creating more vibrant frontage and less bulky built form. The low-rise residential will respond the noise traffic by applying noise-sensitive interface. The open space will be more permeable, accessible, and utilised.

The best scenario will create healthier environment by diminishing truck traffic, more socially vibrant public space, and add more value to the property as it has much better accoustic to noise.

MO D E R AT E S C E NAR I O

In shared pathway, the width should be at least 3 m In dedicated pathway, the minimum width of bike path should be 2.5 m, footpath should be 1.5 m, and separator should be 1 m

Small retail complementary to residents’ needs could be placed in the ground floor as a buffer from noise source to dwelling units.

Noise absorbent material should be placed in balcony floor, ceiling, and outdoor wall of dwelling units

Code 4. Ultimate Residential Street

Code 2. Street-Friendly Apartment 2.1 Building Bulk D

4.1 Road Diet To avoid building bulk, tower footprint should not exceed 70% of the podium and diagonal depth (D) of the tower should not exceed 1.45 building length (L)

4.2 Green Strip

L

2.2 Sky Exposure Plane

2.3 Transparent Frontage

The tower building should be gradually set back to maintain the sky exposure plane to allow the penetration of natural sunlight to the street and building accross the apartment. The first three floors of the tower should be set back by 3 m, then the building should be set back by 2 m for every two floors

WO R S T-C AS E S C E NAR I O

Green strip should be at least 1 m wide and placed between carriage way and bike path and footpath to increase tree canopy for barrier and buffer from noise.

Vegetation should be closely placed, with respect to its canopy size, to maximise the natural white noise on the street

4.3 Raised Crossing

Safe crossing should be raised by 10 cm or at the same level of sidewalk for traffic calming to reduce traffic speed and increase safety.

The reduced speed will decrease the noise level from the vehicles

The frontage at the podium should have at least 60% of transparent wall with respect to the frontage length to create more pedestrian-friendly and vibrant street

ABPL90132 - Land Use and Urban Design Urban Codes and Design Scenario

Sidewalk should be widened and carriage way should be narrowed down appropriate to right-of-way width to reduce the vehicle speed and give more priority to pedestrian

The big intervention codes will encounter the limitation in the implementation as Westgate Tunnel fails to move the truck traffic.

However, small intervention codes can still be successfully implemented to lower the noise level from truck traffic. Therefore, even though the truck traffic is still there but the buildings are more resistant to noise thus it will improve the well- being of the residents.

The growing population will increase the mid-rise development within the area. The developers might exceed height limit and build the massive apartment buildings that disrespect the street creating overlooking and overshadowing in the area. This makes the street less vibrant and unattractive for pedestrians. Francis St will keep being a backbone for truck traffic generating safety and health issue. This is exacerbated by the unaccessible open space that will degrade the social health of the residents.

Noise Sensitive Neighbourhood Yarraville

Tutor

Shwiti Ravisankar

Student

Iqbal Adam / 892825