ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY USING WATER QUALITY INDEX(WQI). A CASE STUDY OF VILLUPURAM TOWN, T

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e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:12/December -2020

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ASSESSMENT OF GROUNDWATER QUALITY USING WATER QUALITY INDEX(WQI). A CASE STUDY OF VILLUPURAM TOWN, TAMILNADU, INDIA P. Ramamoorthy*1, S. Senthil*2, M. Kirubaharan*3 *1Assistant

Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Mailam Engineering College, Mailam.

*2Professor,

Department of Mechanical Engineering ,Mailam Engineering College,Mailam.

*3GIS

Engineer, Sebasthiyammal Institute of Surveying & GIS Mapping.

ABSTRACT The study was carried out in a Villupuram town is located in Villupuram district. Study area Villuppuram is one of the predominant agricultural district in which 75% of population is engaged in agriculture and other activities for their livelihood. The main water source of study area open wells and bore wells. Ground water samples collected during the year 2018 and 2019 in and around Villupuram town. The following parameters have been considered for calculating the WQI such as pH, TH, TDS, Ca2+, Mg, Cl-, HCO3-, NO3-, SO4- .The quality of ground water in the study area is fresh to brackish water, moderately hard to very hard and saline in nature. Keywords: Groundwater, Villupuram , EC, Drinking, WQI etc.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Water is an essential nutrient and plays a key role in the human body. We can survive up to several weeks without food, but only a few days without water. Every system in the body, from cells and tissues, to vital organs requires water to function. Water is an essential product for the sustain life. Water is a most important natural resource, it is a essential human need and is a valuable national asset(Ramamoorthy et al.2018). Groundwater is worldwide important for human consumption as well as for the support of habitat and for maintaining the quality of base flow to rivers, while its quality assessment is essential to ensure sustainable safe use of the resources for drinking, agricultural, and industrial purposes (Ramamoorthy and Rammohan,2018). There has been a tremendous increase in the demand for groundwater due to increase in population, advanced irrigation practices and industrial usages (Ramamoorthy and Rammohan,2015). Groundwater is a large source of fresh water available on earth; water is widely distributed and plays a vital role in both environment and human life. On the other hand, the quality water has declined for the past decades due to the force of natural and human factors (Vadde et al 2018). India is one of the biggest consumer of groundwater, mostly for drinking and irrigation purposes (Shah,2009). According to World Bank (2010), India is the largest consumer of groundwater in the world, with an estimated annual groundwater use of about 230 km3. More than 60% of irrigated agriculture and 85% of drinking water supplies are dependent on groundwater. Urban residents increasingly rely on groundwater due to unreliable and inadequate municipal water supplies World Bank(2012).In India, most of the residents need of groundwater for drinking purpose. World Bank(2010) says India has largest consumer As per the most recent assess of central pollution control board, about 29,000 million litre/day of wastewater produced from major cities and towns out of which about 45% is produced from 35 metro-cities alone (Mangukiya et al. 2012). The quality of groundwater is important in order to support life(Isa et al. 2012).Groundwater quality mainly depends on numerous factors like lithology, rock water interaction, soil characteristics, sub-surface environment, manmade activity, climatical condition etc (Hem, 1989; Freeze and Cherry, 1979; Amadi et al. 1989; Appelo and Postma, 2005; Gholam and Azam, 2012;Ramamoorthy and Rammohan,2014). The significance of water quality in human health has recently attracted a great deal of interest(Ramamoorthy et al 2020).

II.

STUDY AREA AND METHODOLOGY

The aerial extent of study area is 7.22 sq.km. Study area falls in Villuppuram District it lies between 110 38′ 25″ N and 120 20′ 44″ S: 780 15′ 00″ W and 790 42′ 55″ E. It is surrounded on East and South by Cuddalore District. The West by Kallakurichi District and on the North by Thiruvannamalai and www.irjmets.com

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