e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:09/September-2020
Impact Factor- 5.354
www.irjmets.com
TO INVESTIGATE THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT KINDS OF WATER ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE Manasa S.R *1, Kiran Lamani*2, Mohan C.M*3 *1Assistant
*2,3
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Navkis College of Engineering, City, Karnataka, India.
U.G student, Department of Civil Engineering, Navkis College of Engineering, Hassan, Karnataka, India.
ABSTRACT The study mainly concentrates on the effect of different qualities of water on concrete compressive strength. The concrete mix of M20 grade with water cement ratio of 0.5 was investigated. Water samples, such as tap water, sewage treated water, bore well water, treated dairy wastewater were collected from Hassan city and were used to cast 150mm concrete cubes. The cured cubes were cured for 7,14 & 28 days for compressive strength assessment. The outcome result of the study exhibited that the compressive strength of the concrete cubes prepared with tap water, bore well water, dairy treated wastewater(DTWW), sewage water(STWW) improved with days & not having much deviation in their compressive strength. Keywords: Water sample, compressive strength, tap water, bore well water, dairy treated wastewater(DTWW), sewage water(STWW)
I.
INTRODUCTION
In the era of new developments and an age in increasing human population coupled with the need to curb expenditure in various sectors of the government budget, consideration must be brought to there-use of resources whenever possible. Practice of reuse involves treating used materials into as a reuse able product in order to avoid waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of raw materials, decrease energy usage, decrease air pollution (from incineration) and water pollution (from land filling) by reducing the need for conventional waste disposal. Reuse is one of key element of modern waste management and is an effective method to be in cooperated towards wastewater use. Keeping in mind about the amount water required for the purpose of constructional work. If potable water could be replaced by any form of water that is recycled that it would render not only decrease the expenditure but it would also prevent a wastage of huge amount of potable water since in this era of modern development, there is a large proportion of scarcity of potable water would not benefit us economically but would benefit us environmentally as well. A popular condition as to the suitability of water for mixing concrete is the expression that if water is fit to drink it is suitable for making concrete. Some waters, which are unable to meet these criteria have been found to produce concretes of acceptable quality so in order to determine the type of water, which can be used we have used the treated wastewater which is available in effluent treatment plant, Hassan city and we have carried out tests to determine the amount of chlorides in the treated wastewater and the result in the strength property due to the existence of chlorides. At present, there are no discrete tests developed to determine the suitability of mixing water except comparative tests. Usually, comparative tests necessitate that, if the quality of water is not recognized, the strength of the concrete made with water should be linked with the strength of concrete prepared with water of known suitability. Concrete mixes made with potable as well as treated waste water and performed compressive strength test, pH determination test, water absorption test, hardness test, mortar test, hardness test, and chlorides test.
www.irjmets.com
@International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[476]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:09/September-2020
II.
Impact Factor- 5.354
www.irjmets.com
METHODOLOGY
Collection of water sample Tap water is water carried to a tap (valve). Tap water befitted shared in many regions during the 20th century, and nowadays lacking mainly among people in poverty, predominantly in developing countries. A bore well water is an excavation or structure formed in the ground by digging, driving, and or drilling to access groundwater in underground aquifers. The well water is drawn by a pump, such as buckets, that are raised mechanically or by hand. The dairy industries discharge wastewater which is categorized by high chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand, nutrients, and organic and inorganic matters. So, in treated process conducted in dairy wastewater it can diminishes mainly organic and biodegradable materials. Nature has an amazing capacity to cope with small extents of water wastes and pollution, but it would be overwhelmed if we didn't treat the billions of gallons of wastewater and sewage formed every day before releasing it back to the environment. Materials Required Cement: OPC 53 grade cement was used because it has high amount of tricalcium silicate (C3S), which leads to high strength. Aggregates: Coarse aggregates passing through 20 mm sieve and aggregates, which were retained in 12.5 mm sieve are being taken for the mould, which are being used are of size 150 mm. Fine aggregates retained in 2.36 mm sieve are being used for the preparation of cubes. Water: Potable water used for curing and water sample used for mixing, Tap water, bore water, dairy treated wastewater, and sewage treated wastewater are collected and physical & chemical test are conducted on the different kinds of water sample. The following was conducted on the water samples such as BOD. COD, DO, Chlorides, Hardness etc. The concrete cube size measuring 150Ă—150Ă—150 mm in dimension will be used and prepared by mixing different kinds of water. The batching of the concrete was carried out by weight. The mix proportion was calculated for specific compressive strength of 20N/mm^2, The concrete cubes mould were filled in three layers. In each of the layer, the concrete cubes will be compacted 25 times correspondingly. The concrete cubes were cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days and will be verified for compressive strength
III.
TEST CONDUCTED ON MATERIALS
Water has been investigated for PH, hardness, BOD and COD and comparison has been done with standards as specified in table 1. Hardness
Chloride
Dissolve oxygen
BOD
in mg/l
in mg/l
(DO) in mg/ l
(mg/l)
6.8
200
250
5
50
Bore water
7.4
300
250
39
64
3.
Dairy treated WW
8.34
180
136
150
210
4.
Sewage treated WW
6.15
104
124.08
8
83
5
According to BIS
6.5-8.5
300
250
4
20
Sl.no
Water sample
pH
1.
Tap water
2.
Table 1: Tests on chemical properties water Consistency of cement Consistency of cement paste was obtained by vi-cat apparatus. The procedure used to perform this experiment is followed by IS 4031 (part 4)1988 and found out the consistency of cement then the initial and final setting time of cement was found out.
www.irjmets.com
@International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[477]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:09/September-2020
Impact Factor- 5.354
www.irjmets.com
Compressive strength of cement Compressive strength of cement was obtained at 7 days,14days and 28 days curing by preparing the mortar cube. The proportion of material for mortar mixture was one part of ordinary Portland cement to the three parts of standard sand. The water cement ratio was 0.45. The dimensions of mortar cubes were 70 X70 X 70 mm. Coarse aggregate which is Maximum size of aggregate selected for this mix design is 20 mm. specific gravity of aggregate is 2.65 and water absorption 0.26%, Sl. No.
Properties
Properties
1
Size
20mm down size
2
Shape
Angular
3
Specific Gravity
2.65
4
Water Absorption
0.26%
5
Abrasion Value
20.4%
6
Crushing Value
22.7%
7
Impact Value
28.0%
Table 2: physical test on aggregate Compressive strength of concrete For compressive strength of concrete, the M20 grade of concrete has been designed for preparing the concrete cubes. The mix proportion of concrete cube was 1:1.5,3 (cement: fine aggregate: coarse aggregate) and the water cement ratio was 0.45. The cubes were casted by using different type of water at same w/c ratio. The dimensions of cubes were 150X 150 X 150mm. The concrete cubes were verified after 3 days, 7 days and 28 days. The test was accomplished under compressive testing machine.
IV.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Treated waste water An experimental Investigation shows that there was significant difference in analyzed parameters i.e. pH, Hardness, BOD, DO etc. The pH of Tab water, bore water, treated dairy & sewage wastewater, is above 6.00. BOD and DO of Tab water, bore water, treated dairy and sewage wastewater are within the desirable limit. Consistency of cement paste The consistency of cement paste using STWW increases by 1.69% as compared to other types of water. The consistency of cement paste using dairy treated wastewater is more than STWW. As per IS guidelines consistency of cement being 24–30 % of cement. So the results obtained are within permissible limits. As the quality of mixing water impurities, it affects consistency of cement. Initial and Final setting time of cement The initial setting time of cement paste is improved by 5.88% for STWW as compared to other types of water. The initial setting time of cement paste for dairy treated is more than STWW. As per recommendation of IS standards the initial setting time should not be less than ¹30 min and final setting time should be less than 600 min given in IS 456 : 2000. The initial and final setting time of cement paste is as per guidelines recommended by IS456:2000. The initial and final setting time of cement paste for bore and tab water is almost equivalent as that of potable water. Workability of concrete For tap, bore, DTWW and STWW, the slump value varied between 90 - 100 mm. Slump of concrete is not exaggerated by addition DTWW, STWW compared to tap and bore water Compressive strength of concrete www.irjmets.com
@International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[478]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:09/September-2020
Impact Factor- 5.354
www.irjmets.com
Compressive strength of concrete:
Compressive strength in N/mm2
The Fig. 5 shows the effect of involvement of treated wastewater in concrete on compressive strength of concrete for 3 days, 7 days and 28 days. The compressive strength of concrete is increased for STWW at end of 28 days as compared to all other types of water. The strength gained is increased gradually for all the water. 50 40 30
Tap water
20
Bore water DTWW
10
STWW
0 7days
14days
28days
Duration of Curing Fig 1: Compression Strength of concrete
V.
CONCLUSION
From this study it is concluded that STWW comprises of less impurities and is fit as per IS provision. The consistency, initial and final setting time of cement paste by collaborating STWW is contained within the IS limit. From the results of this study, the properties of sewage treated water is achieved the higher compressive strength for concrete cube with compared to the concrete cube of other water. From the analysis of test carried out, it was revealed that, the concrete prepared with sewage treated water with a constant water - cement ratio of 0.5, has more compressive strength for 28 days compared to reference specimen. The replacement of potable water by sewage treated water in concrete conserved the natural water resources and increased the strength of concrete. The study therefore recommends the use of sewage treated water with acceptable physico-chemical properties for use in plain concrete works
VI. [1] [2] [3] [4]
[5]
[6] [7]
[8]
REFERENCES
Holmes, M. (1961). Steel frames with brickwork and concrete infilling, Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers, 473-478. K. Nirmalkumar and V. Sivkumar (2008), “Study on the durability impact of concrete by using recycled waste water”, Journal of Industrial Pollution Control, pp 1-8. [2] K. S. al jabri (2011), “The effect of waste water on properties of high strength concrete”, Twelfth East Asia-Pacific conference on Structural Engg. 370-376. Malhotra, V.M. (2000). “Role of supplementary cementing materials in reducing greenhouse gas emissions”, in Concrete Technology for a Sustainable Development in the 21st Century, O.E. Gjorv and K. Sakai, eds., E&FN Spon, London, 2000. Meyer, C. (2002). "Concrete and sustainable development", In Concrete: Material Science to Application, A Tribute to Surendra P. Shah, P. Balaguru et al, Eds., ACI Special Publication SP-206, Farmington Hills, MI N. Reddy (2015), “Use the Treated domestic waste water as a mixing water in cement mortar”, International Journal of Engg. Science Invention. pp 23-31. R. A. Taha (2010), “The feasibility of using Ground (brackish) water and Production (oily) water in construction compared with Tap water”, International Journal of Sustainable Water and Environmental system, Vol. 1, pp 39-43. R.A. More and S.K. Dubey (2014), “Study on effect of different types of water on compressive strength of concrete”, International Journal of Research in Engg. And Technology. pp 40-50.
www.irjmets.com
@International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[479]
e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:09/September-2020
Impact Factor- 5.354
www.irjmets.com
[9]
Rickert, J. and Grube, H. (2000). “Analysis of recycled water component.” VDZ, Concrete Technology Reports. Düsseldorf, Germany. [10] Rickert, J. and Grube, H. (2003). “Influence of recycled water from fresh concrete recycling systems on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete.” VDZ, Concrete Technology Reports. Düsseldorf, Germany. [11] Sethuraman, P. (2006). “Water reuse and recycling - a solution to manage a precious resource?” (Sep. 21, 2009). [12] Shetty, M.S. Concrete technology – theory and practice. 5th ed. S. C hand and Co. Ltd., RamNagar, New Delhi, India, 2004.
www.irjmets.com
@International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science
[480]
