e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:09/September -2020
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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON UVC LIGHT DEVICES TO INACTIVATE VIRUSES Apoorv Ringangaonkar*1, Sandip N Kulkarni*2 *1 *2 Consultant
Medirail Systems, Pune-411052, Maharashtra, India.
and Assessor for QMS and Product Certification, Global Technology Center & Technical Director, Astute Labs Pvt Ltd, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT The human to person transmittance of the virus is of significant concern due to the widespread mortality and morbidity, especially in the event of a pandemic. These are also major effects of seasonal influenza. Because airborne transmission appears to play an significant role in the spread of flu, efforts to avoid or disrupt the cycle by public health should be centered. Continuous study and awareness of the ways that influenza virus will transmit from person to person continues. There is debate that influenza virus is transmitted by fine airborne aerosols, ballistic penetration, or fomite touch. One technique proposed to be successful is UV radiation, known as UV-C light. UVC is a high energy light with a shorter duration, but it loses the strength faster than UVA, and UVB. UVC is a high energy light. The strongest management methods are applied. That is not just how it hits the surface of the world. The ozone layer is mostly filtered out. This is thus called safe and, for five reputed organizations and their respective goods, this research focuses on determining their significance, categories and thresholds of value. Keywords: Germicidal, UV light, Virus, Wavelength.
I.
INTRODUCTION
UV exposure ranges between 200 and 300 nanometers and is believed to destroy the virus, which renders the virus impossible to replicate and spread. Throughout the current pandemic, the widespread adoption of this powerful UV approach is very required, but needs UV sources which emit enough UV light at high levels. While devices with these high doses currently exist the UV source is typically a high-powered, mercury-containing, high-power, short-lived, and cumbersome gas discharge lamp. The solution is to develop high-performance, energy-efficient , and environmentally friendly UV light emission diodes. Although these LEDs exist, the fact that the coating must often be invisible to UV light complicates adding a current on light pollution. The disinfecting of unoccupied space such as empty patient rooms or empty subway cars may be achieved with traditional UV light (wavelength 254 nm), although it can not be specifically exposed to such traditional UV lamps in the public sector, because that would be a danger to the safety. Researchers at Columbia University Irving Medical Center studied far-away UVC light (222 nm wavelength) in order to continuously and reliably clean inhabited indoor areas. Light of Far UVC can not reach the eye's tear layer or skin's outer dead-cell layer, thereby blocking or destroying live cells in our bodies. Scientists have shown previously that far-reaching UVC light will safely destroy influenza viruses. A recent research by Columbia University of Irving Medical Center (CIU) has shown [3] that over 99,9% of the seasonal coronaviruses in airborne droplets were destroyed in human health when subjected to a particular wavelength of ultraviolet radiation.
II.
SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
In cellular RNA and DNA, high energy from shortwavelong UVC light is absorbed to destroy nucleic acids and avoid infection and replication of micro-organisms. UVC is heavily absorbed by RNA and DNA bases which, through a photodimerization method, trigger molecular structural harm. It contributes to inactivation of the virus, and it can not spread again. In absorption of UV radiation and inactivation by the infection, the nucleic acid plays a key function in the infection. The other key components of the virus particles perform comparatively small roles in UV inactivation of most viruses. www.irjmets.com
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The researchers used a denting tool for aerolizing two specific coronaviruses in a study performed at the Irving Medical Center of Columbia University. The coronavirus-containing aerosols then entered the environment until a far-flamed UVC sun. The researchers measured the amount of viruses still alive after exposure to long UVC radiation. Investigators also noticed that a very small sensitivity to UVC light has destroyed about 99.9% of the infected virus. On the basis of their work findings, continuous exposure to UVCs at present regulatory limit will destroy 90% of airborne viruses in approximately 8 minutes, 95% in approximately 11 minutes, and 99% in approximately 16 minutes. As all human coronaviruses have identical genomic measurements, far-UVC light will provide a comparable inactivation capacity with other human coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2.
III.
LITERATURE SURVEY
Viruses are also thought to pose a smaller risk than bacterial equivalents for usage in chemical weapons or bio-terrorism as it is supposed to remain in the atmosphere for shorter times than bacteria. Viral agents are therefore tougher and more environmentally sensitive than traditionally thought. An unintended outbreak of naval workers 11 miles offshore of a smallpox research site in the soviet city of Aralsk in 1971 was documented for example in the data leaching from the former Soviet Union in 2002[4]. The primary natural world virucide is solar UV radiation or, more precisely, solar UV radiation. Through chemical modification of their genetic material, DNA , and RNA, Ultraviolet light destroys viruses. In UVC, so named to differentiate it from the near-UV illumination present in the soil surface , i.e. UVB-UVA-parts of the continuum (290-320 nm , respectively,) [6], the wavelength of inactivation, 260 nm [5] is the most powerful. To assess solar inactivation of biothreat viruses, two problems should be considered: estimation of UV exposure in viruses where little to no experimental evidence is accessible and estimation of solar UV at different geographic locations. The vast majority of the knowledge presented on UV inactivation of viruses has been focused on UVC (UV254) radiation exposure from a (germicidal) low pressure mercury lamp with a primary emission of 254 nm. UV254 is not present on the soil, however, in the sunlight; the virucidal UV wavelengths of the ground level are below 290 nm. The tradition of using UV-C lamps located at the top of rooms has been to sanitize air by using UV-C light[1]. Special openings inactivate micro-organisms as they pass through the air flows through the space with a high-volume light confined to the upper portion of the building. The UV rates in the lower, inhabited area of the space are secure[2] because of the louvered fittings. The purpose of our survey is to evaluate specific UVC light models and forms based on such parameters.
IV.
TYPES OF UVC LIGHT FOR STUDY
UVC Tower: UVC Tower should be fitted vertically with UVC tube lights of each wire, in compliance with Organization and quality regulations. UVC Tower can be driven everywhere and is on the spokes. You will normally transfer it to all corners of the space and achieve complete disinfection. Distance is a key factor in UV sterilization performance. With the distance doubling, radiation is only 1/4th energy weak. The room's average height is between 9 and 10 feet. A UVC tube source near the roof must therefore cover at least 9-16 feet (diagonal to the opposite end of the room)[7Typical 40 watt UVC tube source has ample radiation for destroying creatures up to 6 centimeters. A standing central UVC Tower can be very successful in the irradiation of 12x12 floors. Certain outlets such as the 20-watt tube will only irradiate up to 2.5 feet. Just a few inches of reduced power UVC will prove successful. Rooftop tubing just losses energy on the wall by 180 degrees. Once it reaches the wall or other object, UV light dramatically loses the strength and has low reflection with certain products. But all UVC light sources have a 240 degree throw allowing maximum visibility of 360 degrees. (with the exception of magnesium, chromium etc.) www.irjmets.com
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UVC Chamber: UV chamber is used mainly for the sterilization process wherein it consists of UV Light which kills germs and bacteria having 254nm range of wavelength. UV chambers are also used in ambulances, trains and airports to prevent the spread of coronavirus and other pathogens [8-10]. Other research papers found that two other coronaviruses: Sars-Cov-1 and MERS are also sensitive to UVC light. In comparing or predicting polymer construction material performance and determinating the effect of various weathering factors on construction material performance, UV chambers play an important role. While important changes have been made in current UV chamber designs it has been difficult to control systematic errors and thus to replicate exposure tests using these chambers.
V.
PARAMETERS OF SIGNIFICANCE
Ultraviolet, or UV, light has been adapted as a popular sterilization tool in several sectors, including the medical, food, and scientific fields. There are four types of ultraviolet light: UVA, UVB, UVC, and vacuumUV, which represent different energy levels of the UV light spectrum. Sunlight on earth contains mostly UVA and UVB light (which are used in tanning beds and which cause sunburn, respectively, although both can cause skin cancer). Although the sun also radiates UVC rays, the earth’s ozone layer filters it out before it can reach us. UVC light is the highest energy type at a wavelength of 200-280 nm. It rips apart DNA and RNA, preventing viruses and bacteria from functioning. Since UVC light is so powerful, it is used in UV sterilization systems. The study of parameters is based on Clinical, Technical and biological aspects of the UVC Light Devices.In this context, this survey mainly concentrates on two U.S. and one Canadian suppliers from the buyer’s guide of the International Ultraviolet Association’s official publication, UV Solutions [11]. And also,one UK based Company and one US based company (which is not in above publication) which are into UVC lights are also studied here. On Total 5 Companies are studied here numbered as 1, 2 to 5 and their products are mentioned under their headings as a, a,b and so on. 1. American Ultraviolet American Ultraviolet, in Lebanon, IN, specializes in standard and custom UV lamps, coating equipment, and germicidal fixtures. Their germicidal products include water treatment, food and beverage, HVAC, pharmaceutical, lab, and horticulture products. a.
ARTZ 2.0® Mobile Room UVC Germicidal Solutions for Healthcare
The UVC Mobile Room Germicidal UVC Solution has been developed by American Ultraviolet to combat null pathogens around the patient in the area. In comparison with every other comparable mobile space, ARTZ2.0 ® is less costly, more effective and more reliable for germicidal UV decontamination. We suggest that you use the finishing touch when washing patient rooms and operating suites or in some other place of your hospital where there could be dangerous pathogens. Technical: • You can monitor ARTZ 2.0 ® from your favorite web-enabled device – no need to concern for a missing, damaged or stolen controller (mobile phone, tablet or laptop). Link to the separate Wi-Fi network of ARTZ 2.0 and link to web-based controls that offer details for cycle monitoring, faulty monitoring and light status. • Electronic processing of data records allows to reduce or avoid human mistakes when gathering evidence. • Export user data collected from a device wirelessly • Assess time utilization and efficiency • The ARTZ 2.0 ® tracks log-in, consumer, year, place of device; period of execution; configuration of the device; notifications of devices
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The clear technical and operational explanation of the product is available in the video link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i5eYU8lUc74 Clinical: • Provides a controlled and consistent UVC flow to air and surfaces; provides the dosage required automatically for pathogens to reduce: Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) immune to methicillin o Spore forming bacteria Clostridium difficile O Baumannnii Acinetobacter o Enterococcal Vancomycin Resistant (EVR) o Producers of extended range beta lactamase (ESBL) – Gram negative bacteria o Outbreak with influenza (Avian, A); Some bacteria, virus or fungus (with regard to not mentioned species, please contact American Ultraviolet) • The device has preset dosage formulas that control the appropriate microbes; ARTZ 2.0 ® may be adjusted manually, if needed, to include a necessary dose. Biological: • No secondary pollutants or ozone is released. • No more chemicals available • No waste is created Handheld/Surface for UVC (The Blade Handheld Unit) The UVC Blade by American Ultraviolet is a lightweight , compact UVC disinfectant that is built to decompose bacteria , viruses and fungi in places with awkward mounting by standard hard-mounted UVC fittings; particularly where there is restricted connectivity for mobile devices. Laboratories and the processing of food like food storage and labeling are growing environments. Technical: • The polished reflector enhances the intensity of UVCs. • No extra tools are required for fast and simple lamp replacement. • Safety turn on / off • Tension: 120-240V. • Promotes UVC speed to • 735 μW / cm2 @ 6 • Measurements: 18"L x 5"W x 6.25"H • Regular 6 feet 3 connector cable for 120V. • Uses a shatterproof SBL350 T UVC germicidal display • Strong, but weighing less than 5 lbs, lightweight aluminum furniture. The clear technical and operational explanation of the product is available in the video link : https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=EslCD2aB9IY&feature=emb_logo Clinical: The UVC blade is suitable for disinfecting in safety environments: • Handrails for toilets, shower, sinks and surfaces • • Mobile phones, chairs, knobs door, rails, trays, etc. Its manual for perfect operation is available at: https://www.americanultraviolet.com/documents/Blade-Manual-HH-18-120X_OpMan.pdf
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Biological:
Safety glasses are provided with each Blade unit and should be worn whenever the unit is in use. Care should be taken by the operator of the unit to cover any exposed skin while using the unit. Never shine the Blade (or any other direct UVC source) on the eyes or skin of another person.
b. Upper Air TB/RAM/CM/ICR Series Germicidal Solutions In-room air treatment devices of TB, RAM, CM and ICR Upper-Air series have been developed specifically for continuous UVC irradiation in upper air which allows the atmosphere around the patient to be decontaminated. Such safe machines have been used in schools, jails, clinics and government buildings since 1960 to monitor the transmission of airborn micro-organisms and biological aerosols. Such devices have adjustable lifts which safely channel up to 7 + feet of UVC energy with occupants, ensuring that the air is disinfected by TB / RAM / CM / ICR fixtures in occupied rooms.\ Technical:
TB Upper Air Series is offered in three sizes (with range of 100, 200 and 300 square metres) and works at 50 to 60 Hz from 110 to 277 VAC, providing versatility of deployment in nearly all rooms to structures of buildings. In spaces greater than 300 square foot, several fixtures may be required. The installation of TB Upper-Air is built for quick access (simply slip two thumbscrews on the sides and pull the hinged louvre down to allow access to a lamp). The lamps in the TB Upper-Air Series will last two-year cycles, although at the end of the lifespan the UVC production is down approximately 20%.. The RAM Upper-Air Series is equipped for dual lamps and has fan motors that draw air through the inox steel frame. Two high-power lamp sizes (14 "or 36") with two choices of voltage (115 or 230VAC, providing versatility in the design for almost every space or building structure. Fitting for quick access lamps adjustments (just opening the cover) also is equipped with RAM set. RAM Series lamps are classified for two years of continuous operation, with around 20 % decrease in UVC production at the end of lamp existence. CM 15 Upper-Air systems are built for deployment in corners of rooms in which no TB systems are needed. Depending on the specification, a single CM 15 device will cover a size of 75-100 foot. The lamp repair CM 15 can be quickly reached (just remove a single fastener from the top of the panel and take the louvre off). 15 lamps CM is valued for 9,000 (approximately 1-year) hours of productive lamp life. American Ultraviolet maximum performance ICR Series fittings are primarily equipped for the disinfection of large amounts of airways. These are suitable in business, retail, medical and academic buildings for large air handling systems. Such constructed devices, ready for use, can be conveniently assembled inside duct systems and on belt systems , in order to include the necessary airflow disinfection and shield workers from harmful pathogens, viruses or fungi. The ICR series fixtures not only remove air from the cools and drain cups, but also take use of UVC cleansing power. The ICR Sequence can be connected to complete walls in minutes.
Clinical: For TB/RAM/CM • Increased IAQ (Indoor Air Quality) by rising the incidence of frost, measles, asthma and other infections by growing microbes, viruses and fungi. • Regular washing of the environment in spaces, growing the spread of bacteria, viruses and funguses from airborne and/or bio aerosols. For ICR Series Reduce the usage of ICR for bacteria , viruses and fungi • Can device is customized to the specific pipe for no additional fee; reduction levels up to 99.9 percent (depending on the microbe) Biological:
Produce no ozone or other secondary contaminants.
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“Green” lamps in ICR series contain ≤ 8mg of Mercury
For detailed information on this product, visit : https://www.americanultraviolet.com/germicidal-healthcare-solutions/upper-air-UV-forhealthcare.html 2. Atlantic Ultraviolet Corporation (U.S) Atlantic Ultraviolet Company manufactures UV water purification devices, air sanitisation, surface disinfection devices and UV germicidal lighting in Hauppauge, NY. Electronic light ballasts are also usable. SANITAIRE ® Room Air sanitizers are UV germicidal machines that efficiently kill airborne pathogens in enclosed inhabited environments, including bacteria , mold and viruses, and come in a range of sizes suitable for adjusting to any environment. SANITAIRE ® Room Air Sanitizers use STER-L-RAY ® Germicidal uv lamps that are completely sealed in a transparent exposure chamber with stainless steel and aluminum with protection in certain applications. Fast starting and offer the utmost efficiency, longterm production and long-life STER-L-RAY ® Germicidal Ultraviolet Lamp(s) A medicinal and biological dimension are similar and are not isolated from any of these items. Technical: a.
SANITAIRE® UV Room Air Sanitizers RS72 - RSA760 (Free Standing, Wall or Ceiling Mount)
Use the wall mounting brackets supplied with the order is usually mounted on RS72, RS140, RS435 and RSA760. The SANITAIRE ® and STER-L-RAY ® technical specifications are listed in the following table columns. Table-1: Specifications of SANITAIRE
b. SANITAIRE® RSCS280A Recessed Ceiling Mount Sanitizer Table 2: Specifications of SANITAIRE- Recessed Ceiling Mount
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SANITAIRE® RSM2680 Mobile Air Sanitizer Table-3: Specifications of SANITAIRE- Mobile Air
Clinical: • SANITAIRE ® Space Air Sanitizer louvered exhaust panels restrict the transmission of ultraviolet radiation through the area by stopping the inhabitors from being subjected to ultraviolet conditions. Table-4: Ultra Violet Dosage on Organisms
Biological: Exposure to direct or reflected germicidal ultraviolet rays will cause painful eye irritation and reddening of the skin. Personnel subject to such exposure must wear suitable face shield, gloves and protective clothing. For detailed information on Products visit : https://d163axztg8am2h.cloudfront.net/static/doc/18/11/ee4c060c3525693c9d6d65fb68c3.pdf https://d163axztg8am2h.cloudfront.net/static/doc/5a/49/ef9c3eafb72c42121ba5d1a2c241.pdf A comparative table of each product by this company is clearly stated in , https://d163axztg8am2h.cloudfront.net/static/doc/98/3c/afcb18d29cd78d904ad8774c9a9d.pdf 3. UltraViolet Devices, Inc. (UVDI) (Canada) Based out of Valencia, CA, UltraViolet Devices, Inc. (UVDI) serves the hospitality, healthcare, education, commercial, and industrial building sectors. Its UV products include stationary and portable UV HVAC sanitizers as well as portable surface sanitizers with dose verification products.
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a. UVDI-360 Room Sanitizer The UVDI-360 Room Sanitizer is effective against more than 35 Hospital Acquired Infection-causing pathogens in 5 minutes at 2.44 meters, including 12 of the most prevalent Hospital Acquired Infectioncausing pathogens and 4 of the most common outbreak and ward closure pathogens. * Technical:
Provides real time access to usage analytics, device diagnostics and automated alerts to help you determine where, when and how your devices are working
Transfers data from your device via the UVDI-360 app Table-5: Testing Distance analysis of each Organism
Clinical:
Proven in Clinical Studies to Reduce HAIs and the Highest-Risk Pathogens 99.99% Inactivation of Over 35 Pathogens, Including C.difficile, the ESKAPE Bacteria and Coronavirus. Rapid, Efficient UV-C Disinfection: 10 Minutes for an Average-Size Patient Room and 5 Minutes for the Bathroom
Biological:
UV-C wavelengths are naturally produced by the sun, yet do not penetrate the ozone layer
Unlike UV-A and UV-B, UV-C, are between 200 to 280 nanometers long and germicidal
The UVDI-360 Room Sanitizer generates the same powerful germicidal UV-C wavelengths as the sun
UVDI has activated this naturally-derived germicidal power for proven disinfection of air, water and surfaces for 71 years.
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4. UV Light Technology Limited. (UK) a. SmartCleanUV® --LightSaverUV Disinfection Trolley :
Reduce bacteria and viruses in air and on surfaces, without the need for chemicals. Tablet controlled mobile decontamination unit for disinfection of air and surfaces within rooms to reduce bacteria, viruses and other contamination.
Technical:
High UV-C output at 254 nm
Includes 8 x UV-C germicidal tubes
Glass safe and waterproof (IP 65)
Includes tablet for Wi-Fi operation
Adjustable run time based on room size
Motion sensor to prevent personal exposure
4 x lockable castors for stability Table-6: Specifications and details of SmartCleanUV® UV source
8 x high output UVC tubes
Life span
9,000 hours
Wavelength
254 nm
Power
700 W
Power requirements
220 – 240 V (50 – 60 Hz)
Construction material
Stainless steel 316
Weight
89 Kg
Dimensions
1,870 mm (H) x 600 mm x 600 mm
Rating
IP 65
Clinical: UV-C dose requirements
UV-C dose required to kill 99.9999% of SARS-CoV-19: 220 J/m2
Required run time to exceed 220 J/m2
Run time based on distance from LightSaverUV Disinfection Trolley
Up 4.5m 6.5m: 20 minutes
to
4.5m: 10 6m: 15
–
minutes minutes
Biological: There can be no personal exposure to the eyes or skin, so should be operated in unoccupied spaces. Should the motion sensors detect any movement, the run cycle will be stopped. More Details with pictures and graphical representations are available at : https://www.uvlight.co.uk/uv-decontamination-trolley/ b. UVC Germicidal Units (aluminium):
Portable UV Germicide lamps for installing in, or over current manufacturing lines, offices, labs, cold stores. 254 nm fast performance UVC. 150W, 72W or 34W options
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Contains 2 x UVC germicidal tubes
Technical: Table-7: Technical Specifications and details of UVC Germicidal Power
150 W
72 W
34 W
Area of coverage (2.5m height)
4m x 4m
4m x 4m
2m x 2m
UV source
2 x 75W tubes
2 x 36W tubes
2 x 17W tubes
UV source life span
9,000 hours
UV wavelength
254 nm
Power requirements
230 V / 50 Hz
Construction material
Aluminium
Weight
8 Kg
8 Kg
3 Kg
Length
1,290 mm
1,290 mm
723 mm
Width and depth
120 mm x 118 mm
Rating
IP 65
Clinical:
Reduce air and surface contamination in unoccupied rooms and areas Other than healthcare places it is also is used in
Operating theatres
Offices
Gyms
Commercial kitchens
Food production facilities
Changing areas
Biological:
This organization offers all UV-equipment for the skin and eyes at defined intervals from the source for full allowable exposure periods. These can provide EPP, warnings, preventive and security steps, training in risk control, and on-site assessment and testing as necessary.
For more details of the product please visit: https://www.uv-light.co.uk/coronavirus-solutions/ 5. Surfacide (US) Surfacide offers a tested, integrated UV-C method that demonstrates data beneficial for C.diff, MRSA, VRE, CRE, Acinetobacter, etc. Multi-drug resistant species. We have a common strategy. The Surfacide Helios device utilizes multiple emissions to provide more efficient and reliable UV-C energy to uncovered areas as compared to single emitter systems. a.
Surfacide Helios system
Technical:
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The Surfacide System will cover in a single period more surface than individual emitters with 3 emitters. Enhanced security is only possible for the patients by way of a triple-emitter network. During a single disinfection process, single emitter systems (including pulsed xenon gas systems) can not cover any contact point. The correct dosage of UV energy is faulty to depend on reflected radiation to calculate, evaluate and determine. In contrast to the regular UVC light network, more surfaces are exposed with Surfacide three emitters operating in the same disinfection process as seen in the below chart, which create a healthy atmosphere behind.
Figure-1: Surfacide working Process Single emissions systems will be reset to FIVE levels, which implies a 51–146.3 * minute period in the house. Surfacide will not need to be repositioned following placement in the space, which enables EVS to operate in certain areas of the facility. One process + effective energy source contributes to more diligent disinfection and quicker space rotation. Emitters are wirelessly linked to the device. Our computer is accessible by Wi-Fi via the web portal.. Results as per the research Blog: For MHV-A59 a mouse identical to the MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV inside ten minutes, the continuous MUV-C disinfecting device was > 99,999 percent effectively. After only 5 minutes of UV-C exposure or a percent reduction of > 99.999 percent, applying those same tests to MERS-CoV droplets resulted in unnoticed levels of MERS-CoV virus. In particular, when used as a supplement to regular end-of - life cleaning of rough surfaces UV-C disinfection is most efficient. This thesis is the first one to record the effectiveness of a multi-emitter, automated UV-C device or any full room method of desinfection with RNA viruses such as MHV-A5 The entire details of blog are available at :https://www.surfacide.com/blog/coronaviruses/mers Clinical:
A With Laser Mapping, Surfacide systems are knowledgeable and capable of recognizing exposed surfaces to allow effective and reliable disinfection of material. The Middle Eastern Respiratory Coronavira Syndrome (MERSCoV) Effective and automated methods for surface disinfectant contaminated with this viruses may prevent spread. 5 log10 reduction in surfaces > 5 confirm the efficacy and usage of a three-emitter UV-C wholespacious disinfection device in the mouse inactivation, strain A59 (MHV-A59) and MERS-CoV viruses.
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Biological: Surfacide can detect anyone who enters the room and immediately shut the three transmitters off to ensure the safety of the patient, visitor and employee. The brochure details are available at : https://static1.squarespace.com/static/56d3630407eaa0756aebf254/t/5e5032cee56ad01b43ee69bc/1 582314191933/Surfacide+Brochure+2020+UPDATED.pdf The data and the videos pertaining to this product are available at : https://www.surfacide.com/data-surfacide-uvc All the above discussions were elucidated to understand, what all the systems and devices of UVC available around the world. This study has been concluded with our own Indian manufacturer MEDIRAIL SYSTEMS® Products which are the need of the hour during the pandemic MEDI-RAIL SYSTEMS® • HYGEIA++, HYGEIA, YODDHA + + & YODDHA, all parts of the hospital and environmental system have the current continuous UV-C surface and air disinfection equipment. Bacterial death in minutes * (99.999 percent) • Robots are fully mobile and ideally suited for disinfecting ambulances and for disinfecting patient rooms, operating rooms and throughout the hospital, or even aircraft lockers, hotels, business offices, conference rooms and other rooms. • We deliver the best results along with a quick and effective germicidal dosage of continuous UVC wave energy that destroys germs and pathogens when and where you want to. The robots are good for disinfection
Figure-2: Interface System Table-8: Comparison Chart of the Products Yoddha
Yoddha++
Hygeia
Hygeia++
110V
110V
110V
110V
425MA
425MA
425MA
425MA
Total Wattage
156W
312W
234W
156W
Number of Tubes
4
8
6
4
Displacement
-
900MM
-
-
Numbers of Wheels
4
4
4
4
Voltage Consumption of Tubes
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Weight
24kg
45kg
33kg
46kg
Height
1565mm
1400+900 displacement mm
1467mm
1600mm
Radiation
253.7nm
253.7nm
253.7nm
253.7nm
Standard life of 1 tube = 10000 Hrs. YODDHA
A minimalistic UV-C tower with powerful UV-C technology used for disinfection which eliminates the virus or infections within its 6-8ft radius. A human friendly operating system with a control unit which is easier to use and comprehend. TECHNICAL: 4 tubes of 39W each which radiate the wavelength of 253.7nm which is ideal for disinfection. It is mobile with 4 castors which makes it easier to move it around. Remote control with smart indicators which indicate the tube status along with a ON and OFF timer with a smart reverse countdown feature for better accessibility.
CLINICAL
Disinfects the area within the 6ft-8ft radius of the machine. In 20-30 minutes, clean the entire room. Robot removes the device work and regular cleaning inefficiency completely.
BIOLOGICAL:
Ensures 99.99% disinfection. It has no ozone affecting emission or damage to the environment.
HYGEIA One of a kind Ultraviolet-C disinfection tower with a built-in MINI-AHU which sterilizes the air in the room along with the disinfection of the surfaces. It has 6 tubes of 39w each with a built-in AHU. TECHNICAL:
6 tubes of 39W each which radiate the wavelength of 253.7nm which is ideal for disinfection. It is mobile with 4 castors which makes it easier to move it around. It encompasses a MINI-AHU which has a non-woven poly-5 microns pre filter, silver impregnated carbon A.C filter which has the efficiency of 99.97% - 0.3 micron. Motion sensor with a range of 3 metre will detect any motion and immediately shut down the machine. It does not require any additional repositioning after room set up. On and Off timer which ensures human safety always.
BIOLOGICAL:
Ensures 99.9999% disinfection. It has no ozone affecting emission or damage to the environment.
CLINICAL:
Ensures the disinfection of air as well as the surface in the radiation radius. Eliminates the need of purification of air because of the built-in features.
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robots completely remove the guess work and ineffectiveness of regular cleaning. Cleans the whole room in 20-30 minutes.
HYGEIA++ Remote controlled UV-C robot which makes sure the light reaches the dark spaces in a room. It’s a manually controlled tower with obstruction detection technology which is controlled from outside the room which minimises time by using it only in the places required. TECHNICAL:
4 tubes of 39W each which radiate the wavelength of 253.7nm which is ideal for disinfection. It is mobile with 4 castors which makes it easier to move it around. Remote controlled tower with radio frequency bot with an obstacle sensor which stops the robot from hitting any other surface within 100mm. Remote control with a 5 metre range. ON and OFF timer which ensures human safety always
CLINICAL:
Manually controlled UV-C tower with heavy UV-C doses used for disinfecting the concurrent places with concentrated UV-C radiation Cleans the whole room in 20 minutes. Robot prevents the unit job and routine cleaning inefficiency entirely.
BIOLOGICAL:
Ensures 99.9999% disinfection. It has no ozone affecting emission or damage to the environment.
YODDHA ++
A colossal UV-C implied tower with an extendable actuator comprehended technology which ensures the spread of light in every shadowed place. It has 8 tubes of 39 watt each of the wavelength 253.7nm which is ideal for disinfection With 4 castors which makes it easier to move it around. It has an actuator implied technology which extends its top up to 900mm maximum which has tubes inside to increase the spread of the light.
TECHNICAL:
Motion sensor with a range of 3 metre will detect any motion and immediately shut down the machine. It does not require any additional repositioning after room set up. 4 Tubes on the body and 4 additional tubes on the roof ensure every corner and nook of the space is illuminated. At a click of a remote control button it extends its top up to the desirable height [900mm max]. On and Off timer which ensures human safety always.
CLINICAL:
Ensures disinfection of the whole room along with the ceiling as well as the floor which many UVC towers fail to do. It has a retractable top which is useful in a room with any given height. Cleans the whole room in 20 minutes*. Robot prevents the unit job and routine cleaning inefficiency entirely.
BIOLOGICAL:
Ensures 99.9999% disinfection. It has no ozone affecting emission or damage to the environment.
VI.
DISCUSSION AND SUMMARY
In terms of eliminating bacteria , viruses and other infectious microorganisms that pose a risk to human health, it can be inferred that UV light is a established science. Ultraviolet (UV-C) radiation destroys or inactivates microorganisms through killing nucleic acids and damaging their DNA, rendering them www.irjmets.com
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incapable of carrying out essential cellular functions. UV germicidal lamps have been used in hospitals , nursing homes, laboratories and many other Water Disinfection and Land Organizations where sanitation and cleanliness are of paramount importance. In view of the latest epidemic of Coronavirus, UV is only one of the many available tools and is used to help minimize and monitor the spread. And as stated below, it comes with advantages and limitations. Table-9: Advantages and Limitations Advantages
Limitations
It is simple to use and chemicals are not required. Therefore, no material trace would be left behind.
Humans are dangerous to UVC. Note, particularly skin and eyes, to prevent direct UVC exposure.
It may destroy any form of micro organism like microbes, fungi , viruses, spores that are chemically immune to drugs
It's got a wide cap! UV can only be absorbed by the artifacts and operates in its light direction. Make sure the sterilised surface is held in contact with the UV light directly. Using several UV bulbs to produce UV irradiation from various angles to reduce this issue.
Further On-going Studies: Vaccum UV is a study designed to elucidate the effect of disinfection of low-pressure ozone Hg vapor lamps on human pathogens. Low-pressure ozone Hg vapor lamps emit mostly 254 nm UVC, with a power of approximately 10 percent VAC at 185 nm. Airborne diseases may be eliminated by the application of UVC and VU V , respectively through manipulating genetic materials / oxygen generation[12]. Researchers from Penn State and Minnesoto University have recently used a discovery of a group of clear conductors that could cause high rates of UV light to destroy, in a further research reported in article[13].
VII.
REFERENCES
[1.]
First M, Rudnick SN, Banahan KF, Vincent RL, Brickner PW. 2007. Fundamental factors affecting upper-room ultraviolet germicidal irradiation–part I. Exp. J. Occup. Environ. Hyg. 4:321–331 [2.] Nardell EA, et al. 2008. Safety of upper-room ultraviolet germicidal air disinfection for room occupants: results from the Tuberculosis Ultraviolet Shelter Study. Public Health Rep. 123:52–60 [3.] Buonanno, M., Welch, D., Shuryak, I. et al. Far-UVC light (222 nm) efficiently and safely inactivates airborne human coronaviruses. Sci Rep 10, 10285 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-02067211-2 [4.] Tucker, J. B., and R. A. Zilinskas. 2003. The 1971 smallpox outbreak in the Soviet city of Aralsk: implications for Variola virus as a bioterrorist threat. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 29:81-95 [5.] Rauth, A. M. 1965. The physical state of viral nucleic acid and the sensitivity of viruses to ultraviolet light. Biophys. J. 5:257-273. [6.] Parrish, J. A., R. R. Anderson, F. Urbach, and D. Pitts. 1978. Biological effects of ultraviolet radiation with emphasis on human responses to longwave ultraviolet. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y. [7.] An Article “How to use Ultraviolet light (UVC) to fight COVID-19 effectively in dental clinics: Dr Ajay Bajaj: By Rajeev Chitguppi, Dental Tribune South Asia, May 2020 [8.] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3145127/ [9.] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6379899/ [10.] https://www.theverge.com/2020/5/20/21265221/nyc-mta-ultraviolet-light-uvc-coronavirusdisinfect-puro-pictures [11.] https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/top-suppliers/uv-lamp-suppliers-and-manufacturers www.irjmets.com
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[12.] Szeto W, Yam WC, Huang H, Leung DYC. The efficacy of vacuum-ultraviolet light disinfection of some common environmental pathogens. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):127. Published 2020 Feb 11. doi:10.1186/s12879-020-4847-9 [13.] https://www.healtheuropa.eu/breakthrough-ultraviolet-light-development-could-help-kill-covid19-virus/100409/
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