EFFICACY OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF CARICA PAPAYA L. BENEDICTION IN ANTICANCEROUS ACTIVITY

e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:09/September-2020

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EFFICACY OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF CARICA PAPAYA L. BENEDICTION IN ANTICANCEROUS ACTIVITY Dr. Priyanka Gupta *1Assistant

Professor, Department of Agriculture, Akal Degree College, Affiliated to Punjabi University, Mastuana Sahib, Sangrur, Punjab,148001

ABSTRACT Medicinal Plants are the latent sources of natural bioactive compounds. It include alkaloids, carbohydrates, aromatic aminoacids, sulphur containing aminoacids, peptides, phenolic compounds, terpenes, carotenoids, polyphenols, steroids and nutrients such as phosphorous, sulphur, pottassium, calcium, iron, magnesium. Carica papaya l. belongs to the family of Caricaceae. There are many phytochemicals extract out that is plant derived and used in phyto therapies to develop the new drugs that is used in Liver, Breast, Stomach, Pancreas, Colon, Ovarian, Uterine, Lung, Prostate Cancer therapies and their cell lines. Carica papayaL. has anticancer effects against cancer of Liver, Lung, Prostate, Cervix, Breast, Liver, Lung and Pancreas. It also helps in production of key signalling molecules. The main objective is to study about the Carica papaya L.works against human Anticanerous activities.

Keywords: Bioactive compounds, Phytochemicals, Signalling molecules, Anticancerous activity.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Medicinal plants played important role in the development of coeval anticancerous drugs that is used in many purposes. There are 10,000 species of medicinal plants in the world that is found in throughout the world for medicinal purposes(Schippmann etal.,2006). Mostly medicinal plants are used for their crude extracts to refined extracts and their bioactive compounds are used in many medicines. These useful compounds are isolated from these medicinal plants are morphine, reserpine, taxol, digoxin, digitoxin, vincristine drugs. These compounds serves as drug and their synthesis to produce peculiar substances.

These substances are taxotere, amiodarone, nabilone, oxycodone, verapamil, metformin(Fabricant and Farnsworth,2011).

Carcia papaya L.is mostly found in tropical and subtropical regions in the world. Mostly it is called in many names these names are common. In Australia it is called pawpaw, In Brazil it is called mamao. In Thailand it is called malakaw, In Indonesia it is called dangan- dangan. In France it is called papago, papaye. In Cuba it is called Fruta bomba. In India it is called Papita, pepe, pappli (Parle and Gurditta,2011, Lim,2012, da Silva et al.,2007).The family of Carcia papaya L. is Caricaceae. It has six genera Vasconcella, Horovitza, Jacaratia, Jarilla, Cyclicomorpha, Carica (Office of the Gene Technology Regulator,2008).Carcia papaya L. is mostly found in India, Indonesia, Mexico, Brazil, Nigeria, Colombia, Guatemala Thailand, China, France(Parle and Gurditta,2011).

II.

MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

It is single stemmed herbaceaous perennial tree.Whose height is about 28-30feet.Their leaves are large, deeply incised, palmately lobed with entire margins. Their Stems are hollow, tan brown ad light green in colour. Papaya plants are hermaphroditic or dioecious flowers. Thats why it is called “trioecious�. Female flowers is pear shaped, bisexual flowers. Female flowers are waxy, ivory, white and borne on short penduncles in leaf axils with its stem. Flowers are solitary whose ovary position is superior. Whereas Male papaya has small flowers borne on long stalks(Arvind G, Debjit B etal.,2013).

Papaya fruit is oval or big in shape.Its shape is look like melon that having a central seed cavity. Their fruit is axillary on the main stem. Whose weight is upto 20lbs. It is yellow orange to salmon in mature stage.Mostly papaya plant begins bearing fruits in 6-12 months(Arvind G, Debjit B etal.,2013).

III.

CHEMICAL CONSTITUTENTS

Carcia papaya L. are used in various ethno medicines. Whose Fruit, Juice, Seed, Root, Leaves, Bark and Latex has biochemicals that are used in many purposes of medicines.

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In Fruit contains Protein, fat. Fibre, carbohydrate, minerals, calcium, phosphorous, iron, Vitamin C, Thiamine, Riboflavin, Caroxene, niacin, aminoacid, citric acid, molic acid, volatile compounds are linalol, benzyl-β-d glucoside, 2-phenylethyl-β-D-glucoside, 4-hydroxyl- phenyl-2-ethyl-β-D glucoside and four isomeric malonated benzyl-β-D glucosides.

In Juice of papaya it contains N- butyric, n-hehexanoic and n-octanic acids, lipids; myristic, palmitic, staric, linoleic, linolenic acids-vaccenic acid annd oleic acid.

In Seeds of papaya contains fatty acids, crude proteins, crude fibre, papaya oil, carpaine, benzylisothiocyanate, benzylgluosinolate, glucotropacolin, benzylthiourea, hentriacontane, βsistosterol, caricin, and an enzyme nyrosin.

In Roots contains Arposide and an enzyme myrosin. In leaves contains Alkaloids carpain, pseudocarpin and dehydrocarpaineI,II,choline, carposide, vitamin C and E. In Bark of papaya contains β-sitosterol, glucose, fructose, sucrose, galactose and xylithol. In latex of papaya contains proteolytic enzymes, papain and chemopapain, glutamine cyclotransferase, chymopapain A,B and C, peptidase A and B and lysozymes(Jean Bruneton.,1999;Nadkarni KM.,1954;The Wealth of India.,1992).

IV.

BIOACTIVE FRACTIONS

Carcia papaya L. is used in Lipase activity that is rich in cysteine endopeptidases it has glycyl endopeptidases, cysteine proteinases, serine proteinase inhibitor, glutaminyl cyclase caricain, class II chitinase, papain and chymopapain(Huet J;Looze Y etal.,2006;Azarkan M etal.,2006). Papaya has proteases that is especially for gastro enterology, wound healing, antiinflammatory, antitumuorl,antihelminthic, neurosurgery, opthalmology, urology and phlebology properties (Salas CE etal.,2008;Pendzheiv AM.,2002;Siki T .,2007).

V.

MEDICINAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES

Papaya is known as a apparent drug, It has wide consumption as pharmacological properties, Immunostimulating agents and antioxidants (Jurandi, G.O.;Angela, PV.,2011;Aruoma O.L.;Colognato R etal.,2006;Mehdipour, S.;2006).

Leaves of Papaya is generally used in Dengue fever its juice is used to increase the white blood cells and platelets, it also helps to normalize the blood clotting factor and helps to repairing the functioning of liver.

It also help in cancer cell growth inhibition to boost up the production of signaling molecules called Th-1 type cytokines to regulate the immune system. Leaves of papaya is also used in antimalarial and antiplasmodial activity and easy to digestion power by their chemical compounds of carpain that kill the pathogens of stomach and increase the digestion power of stomach. It also help to provide the relieve in the appetite and nausea problem(Arvind G etal.,2013).

Fruit of Papaya is a rich source of many nutrients such as provitamin A, Carotenoids,vitamin C,B Lycopene and dietary minerals and fibres. Danielone is a phytoalexin compound that is used in antifungal activity. It has an enzyme papain that helps to improve the indigestion power. In fruit of papaya also help in avoid of heart attack and stroke because it has folic acid that is used in the conversion of homocysteine into aminoacid such as cysteine or methionine to avoid the heart attacks and stroke in human.

Papaya peel is used in various cosmetics such as sunscreen and soothing slav because it has presence of vitamin A that helps to restore and rebuilt the damaged skin,it also used in whitening of skin and acts as smoothe and moisturizers the skin. Papaya peel also helps to fight dandruff when it is mixed with vinegar and lemon. Its peel is generally used in muscle reliever and relaxant.

The black seeds of Papaya is edible and used as black pepper. The seeds are used in nephro protective activity and protect the kidney from toxin. The seeds can eliminate the intestinal parasites and detoxify the liver and cure of piles in humans.

Latex of Papaya has papain, chymopapain that is used in intradiscal injection in patients.

Carcia papaya L. is used in cure of colon cancer. The fiber of Papaya is bind with toxins in the colon to provide the nutrients, these fibres protect from free radical that helps to damage their DNA.

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Papaya is used in anti-infammatory effect that include the papain and chymopapain and antioxidant nutrients to reduce the severity of asthma, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis to protect against inflammatory polyarthritis diseases in humans.

Papaya is used to protect our liver functioning because it is rich in Vitamin A. It also prevent prostate cancer because it has lycopene.

VI.

ANTIOXIDANTS PROPERTIES

Antioxidants are the substances that inhibit the oxidation and has the ability to remove the potentially damaging oxidizing agents in living organisms. Carcia papaya L. has polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. It induced the endogeneous antioxidant enzymes in HepG2 cells.The highest antioxidant activity is due to high concentration of Vitamin C, Vitamin E,β-carotene and lycopene(Grancel etal.,2008;Tabart etal.,2009).

VII.

PHYTOCHEMICALS USED IN ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES

Carica papaya L. has many phytochemicals that is evaluated against cancer due to their antioxidant properties of papaya extract(Srikanth etal.,2010;Vijay and Sriram, 2010;Mi Hee etal.,2011;Indran et al.,2008;Oloyede etal.,2011;Maisarah etal.,2013, Zunjar etal.,2014). There is the high antioxidant activity and has high anticancer activity of bioactive compounds in Papaya.There are many compounds from plants that is identified to associate with anticancer properties(Huang etal.,2009).There are three bioactive compounds that is used in anticancer activities. These compounds are phenolics,carotenoids, glucosinolates. These compounds acts as cancer cell signalling, proliferation, apoptosis, migration ,angiogenesis, carcinogen elimination and invasion(Zhang,2004;Huang etal.,2009;Thomalley, 2002;Nakamura and Miyoshi, 2006, Wu etal.,2009;Navarro etal 2011, Wahle etal,2011;Soobrattee etal.,2006;Tanaka etal.,2012;Van Breemen and Pajkovic, 2008).

Papaya fruit Juice has lycopene to inhibit the viability of liver cancer cell lines that is HepG2 and Chang liver cell line(Rahmat et al.,2002). In Papaya Seed and Pulp help in acute promyelocytic leukaemia that is HL-60 cells(Nakamura etal., 2007).In papaya flesh has inhibitory effect on proliferation of MCF-7 cells and possessed the cytotoxicity(Rumiyati.,2006;Garcia solis etal.,2009).

Papaya leaf extract showed the concentration dependent anticancerous activity on the cancer cell lines and suppressed the activity of DNA synthesis by 3H- thymidine that helps in Stomach cancer cell lines that is AGS, It also helps in Pancreatic cell lines that is Capan-1. It helps in Colon cancer cell line DLD-1,It helps in Ovarian cancer cell line that is Dov-13,Lymphoma cell line (Karpas). It helps in Neuroblastoma cell line that is T98G. It also helps in Uterine cancer cell line that is (Hela.)(Moromoto et al.,2008).

Papaya also help in inhibition of proliferation of responses both haematopoietic cell lines and solid tumour cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to reduce the production of IL-2,4 and increase the production of Th-1 type of cytokines that is IL-12p40, IL-12p70,IFN-γ and TNF-α..They help in Buriyy’s lymphoma cell lines that is Ramos and Raji, Anaplastic large cell lymphoma cell line that is Karpas-299.Chronic myelogenous leukaemia cell lines that is K562,Plasma cell leukaemia cell line that is ARH77. It helps in lung ,Breast and Pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines that is (PC14,MCF-7,Capan1).In Human pancreatic cancer cells are Mia-Paca 2 and ASPC-1 that is effective in chemotherapeutic agent and germcitabine(Vuong etal.,2015).

VIII.

CONCLUSION

This study gives the important measures of bioactive compounds that is found in Carcia papaya L.There are various phytochemicals are used in anticancerous activities and Phytotherapies to cure many types of cancer such as Liver, Lung, Breast, Colon,Pancreas, Prostate,Ovarian, Uterine and Stomach cancer and their cell lines. We also study the correlation to support the mehanism of antioxidant and anticancerous activity is similar.

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