EXTRACTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF DRUMSTICK TREE (MORINGA OLEIFERA) SEED OIL BY MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTR

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e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:10/October -2020

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EXTRACTION AND OPTIMIZATION OF DRUMSTICK TREE (MORINGA OLEIFERA) SEED OIL BY MICROWAVE-ASSISTED EXTRACTION METHOD USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY Raphael Eze Nnam*1, Chidubem Theresa Chukwu2, Mabel Chidimma Nwachukwu3, Richard U. Omonu4, Kingsley O. Okpara5, Kenneth C. Asadu6 *1Department

of Food Technology Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana Ebonyi State Nigeria. of Food Technology Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana Ebonyi State Nigeria.

2,3,4,5,6Department

ABSTRACT This research is geared towards extraction and optimization of oil from Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera) seed using microwave-assisted extraction method and optimize the process through (RSM) Response Surface Methodology. From the research result gotten, the microwave-assisted method of extraction was effective and efficient in extracting the oil. This was seen from the fact that the solvent used in the extraction was minimized and the time of extraction considerably shorter more than that of the conventional methods of extraction. The optimal yield of the process which was 44.33% was gotten at microwave irradiation power of 540W, irradiation time of 8 min and solute/solvent ratio of 1:30. The predicted values obtained from RSM were observed to be close to the actual experimental values as the residual difference was minimal. Thus, the Response Surface Methodology as a statistical tool was very effect in optimizing the extraction process and therefore can be used to predict oil extraction processes. Keywords: Moringa olifera;, oil extraction; microwave-assisted; oil optimization.

I.

INTRODUCTION

Throughout history, nature provides natural food and medicines used for the treatment of a broad spectrum of diseases and for consumption to enable man live healthy. Majorly or prominently, plants have been important sources of biologically active substances for man’s nourishment and cure for various ailments (Cragg et al., 2014; Tiwari 2008; Elfahmi et al., 2014; Moloney 2016). Yati Vaidya, et al., (2015) noted that medicinally, plants have been widely used as an ingredient for the treatment of different human and animal disease because they contain high therapeutic value. Accordingly, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that over 80% of the world population in one way or the other depends on traditional medicine that uses medicinal plants as biological source of active compounds for their primary care as well as sources of daily and healthy sustenance (Calixto 2005; WHO 2008; Prabhadevi,et al., 2012; Newman et. al., 2012). These assertions of plant can be seen from the extraction and characterization of several active phyto-compounds from these plants that have given birth to several high activity profile drugs (Mandal, et al., 2007) as well as products packaged as either food products or food supplements (Ramachandran et al 1980). Herbal medicines have been evolving side by side of human culture. Plants are considered as natural factories for production of various phytochemicals. Many secondary metabolites like alkaloids, phenolics and flavonoids are synthesized by plants in addition to compounds that are needed for the reproduction and growth of plants. Advancements in natural sciences led researchers towards identification and isolation of different bioactive phytochemicals. Aromatic plants have been known for a very long time and the use of them in the food and perfume industry have a long history. Among the aromatic plant species, the genus Drumstick Tree (Moringa oleifera) consists of more than 14 species in the world (Moradalizadeh et al., 2013; Ojewumi et al., 2018; Boukandoul et al., 2010). Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam) is a type of local medicinal Indian herb which has turn out to be familiar in the tropical and subtropical countries. According to Oluwafunke (2019), Moringa oleifera lamarch belong to the genus Moringaceae with fourteen species and according to Pinto et. al., (2015) it is a multipurpose tree that is widely used in food and feed industry for various purposes. As a plant, all the parts of Moringa oleifera i.e. the leaves, seeds, roots and flowers are suitable and can be used as food or for other beneficial applications for both human and animal consumption (Leone et al., 2016; Premi and Sharma 2013). In Africa, Moringa oleifera is a traditional food plant item and has the potential to improve nutrition, boost food security, and enhance rural development through improving and sustaining rural households as well as supporting sustainable land use and care (Eman and Muhamad 2016). The press cake, gotten after the oil extraction processes, is used as a soil conditioner and for water treatment. It is also used as source of fuel; as an intercrop with other crops and the wood pulp can be used by the mill industry for making of paper. The green

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