A SMART LIBRARY SYSTEM BASED ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) WITH INTEGRATION OF MOODLE, IN ADDITION

e-ISSN: 2582-5208 International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science Volume:02/Issue:09/September -2020

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A SMART LIBRARY SYSTEM BASED ON THE INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT) WITH INTEGRATION OF MOODLE, IN ADDITION TO THE USE OF COLLABORATIVE FILTERING FOR BOOK RECOMMENDATION AND SENTIMENT ANALYSIS FOR IMPROVISATION OF RESOURCES Gouri Shashank Deo*1, Ayushi Mishra2, Zuber Mohammed Jalaluddin3, Chaitanya Vijaykumar Mahamuni4 1*Student

Dept. of ECE, Amity School of Engineering and Technology (ASET), AUM.

2,3Student

Dept. of ECE, Amity School of Engineering and Technology (ASET), AUM.

4Assistant

Professor Dept. of ECE, Amity School of Engineering and Technology (ASET), AUM.

ABSTRACT In any educational campus, a well-equipped library is the most fundamental requirement, as it is a complete storehouse of information - comprising books, magazines, articles, research papers, and other significant documents; both in print as well as digital media. The most remarkable change observed in the library’s infrastructure design of educational institutions in recent days is automation. This development enables each undertaking related with the library functioning to be completely automated because of various reasons like decrease in expenses for manually managing a library,time-saving, etc. Library automation allows the librarians easy cataloging of books and maintaining proper records. Moodle is a software application that delivers learning through online documentation of courses and tracking of students’ progress. In the present era, Internet of Things (IoT) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) made an immense effect on human life as it allows organizing among customers and the server, i.e. cloud without any human intervention. Also, in big institutions, a pool of resource usage data will be generated. We intend to use sentiment analysis on it for predictive analysis that would help the qualitative up-gradation of the library. In this paper, we present the concept of Library Automation, besides, the Integration of Moodle and the analysis of the data for the renewal of books and resources in the existing work. The progress of the work to date is discussed in the paper.

KEYWORDS: Internet of Things (IoT), Moodle, Library automation, Machine learning, Predictive Analysis, Collaborative Filtering, Sentiment Algorithm, VADER.

I.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Definition of Library The library is a place with systematically organized collection of books, articles, journals, magazines, newspapers, CDs and DVDs, etc. which can be accessed by the general public. It collects and stores organized documents in both print and digital media format for easy dissemination of information. The oldest libraries were created during the 7th century B.C. and included resources in cuneiform tablets [32].

With the growing importance and the benefits provided, libraries gained popularity is all the cultures and nations and became a public place for the people. Libraries offer individuals the chance to secure successful, investigate clinical exploration, experience new thoughts and views, lose all sense of direction in superb stories, while simultaneously giving a sense of community togetherness. Now a days, a library is an integral part of academic institutions as it nurtures self-learning.

1.1.1 Types of Libraries There are mainly 4 types of libraries classified on the basis of their purpose and mode of functioning – academic, public, special and national libraries.

Academic libraries – These are further categorized as school and college/university library. A school library serves the purpose of promoting reading among children for their development, aids in academic enhancement through self-studying, and inculcates logical thinking approach. Right from primary grades, the school library provides the proper environment to discover their interests in literature, science, mathematics, etc. through story books, great novels, children’s digests, yearbooks, etc. Many academic www.irjmets.com

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libraries conduct educational programs and competitions for different age groups among students to improve their abilities.

College or university libraries are the most important component that benefit the students and faculty members in providing proper information and encouraging research work. They contain major books, journals and magazines that keep the students updated about their fields. Huge academic libraries gather scholastic resources distributed in numerous languages and from everywhere throughout the world.

Public Libraries – These are meant for the general public and are funded by their taxes and other sources. They are administered by a board and are accessible to everyone; they are altogether willful in that nobody is ever forced to utilize the services delivered, and they offer essential types of assistance without any charge [1]. Since highly qualified librarians take more care in the things bought for the library, the public library resources are in general more dependable with high quality than those sources available on the internet. It has clear responsibility of fulfilling the needs of the public and promote communication among them. These assist people of all ages to learn and foster their knowledge without the need of any institution. Many public libraries have workshops and lectures to promote literacy, especially in backward cultures in the society.

Special libraries – They serve a specific group of people from various business and industrial backgrounds. There are various special libraries based on the requirements of the professional organizations like industries, hospitals, law firms, etc. Special libraries may or may not be open to the common public. Usually, these libraries are important for medical and law professionals as they require extensive information which is generally not present in public libraries. They are created to help the mission of their supporting association and their resources and administrations are more focused on and explicit to the requirements of their customers. These have great amount of updated journals related to specific areas. It gives translation facilities to give the ideal information to the clients in their preferred language.

National library – It is an explicitly formed library authorized and managed by the government of the nation to fill in as the storehouse of information necessary for that nation. These libraries preserve the scientific, intellectual and cultural believes and practices. The National library of India works under the national government's Department of Culture; with more than 2.2 million books and is assigned to gather, disperse, and safeguard printed resources published in India [34]. But due to security of information, these library hardly allow common people to borrow books and other resources. The National Library has exchange relationship with 111 institutions in almost 48 countries that collects their published resources [33]. The main aim of imparting information about civil rights and provisions to all the citizens are accomplished by the national libraries.

1.1.2 Role of Libraries in growth of the nation Libraries have a significant role in the functioning and proper development of any nation. They are the easiest gateway to the information regarding the entire world. The information allows the people to think and work beyond a certain aspect and helps them to grow intellectually. The level and nature of library interest in a society such as knowledge impartment, agro-economical exercises, the travel industry, medicinal and business activities are vital contributory elements to the level of national growth. Libraries provide appropriate knowledge to individuals who want to start their own business or organization and hence, improving the economy of the person as well as that of the country.

The various resources available in a library make it possible for the people to develop their writing skills, thus creating the greatest authors. Due to the provision of borrowing these resources, people tend to visit libraries as it saves the money of buying hardcopies. Public libraries are an important place of meeting and conducting programs for the citizens so that they can explore their interests, develop relationships and connect better to the world. They allow all the citizens to practice life-long learning, which is preferred by many aged people. They encourage independent decision-making and influence the socioeconomic and cultural development. Libraries fill in as public centers with inventive spaces appropriate for various activities, for example, arranging social programs and fun-fests to encourage harmony among www.irjmets.com

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the people.

Libraries also play a vital role in defense, economic, manufacturing; democratic and health sector of any country. All the information related to diseases and the measures to prevent them; information about market research or statistics; and methods for efficient financial management are properly explained in a variety of books and magazines. They have helped residents to take part more completely and adequately in their democracy, to take important decisions about government, and by associating them with suitable assets [2]. Hence, a library is a crucial element for the progress and evolution of a country.

1.1.3 Significance of libraries in Academic Institutions Education involves all the procedures by means of which an individual achieves positive attitudes, abilities by getting exposure to the world. Hence, libraries provide the correct pathway to get education.

As discusses earlier, a library is the cornerstone of any academic establishment. Other than supporting in solving the questions of the students and helping the teachers in their instructing methods and occasional exploration, a school library is basically aimed to inculcate the good practices of reading and writing among the kids who get a proper information to utilize the library resources most viably in their future progress.

Most of the institutions have their library resources chosen according to the curriculum, hence allowing the students to learn more efficiently. It is observed that students who make use of library books for referring while studying obtain better scores as compared to those who only rely on textbooks. Libraries help to motivate the individuals by instilling in them constructive qualities, perspectives and practices leading to better relationships. They reach out to the students and give them exposure to necessary computer skills.

In any university, research plays a focal role in the scholarly work of the students and teaching staff for their personal and professional development. Since, they might wish to direct research in any possible and desirable discipline, the assets of academic libraries indicate a tremendous scope of interests and patterns. Most scholastic libraries have links with different libraries through networks, empowering them to provide scant and rarely available resources required for facilitated research.

The library services and facilities are an important factor considered by all the students while choosing any university or college. A fully furnished and stocked library is responsible factor in determining the quality of education provided by any institution and hence, world’s best academic institutions have best library services. They also improve the scores and hence, well-qualified graduates pass out from these institutions.

The most important reason for the popularity of libraries among the undergraduate and graduate students is because they give applicable, sufficient and updated information that are required for learning every potential course. Therefore, librarians form a link between student and teachers to improve library resources. Students find it comfortable to sit and study in a library because of the reference materials, the guidance from library staff and the proper environment for learning. They develop new interests and find answers to their curiosities in one place. Further, due to proper management, it saves time and efforts in finding resources on the internet and hence, the staff can also focus more on updating resources according to reviews of the users.

1.2 Library Management System Library management is the sub-division of organizational management that involves resolving the challenges faced by any library and efficiently handling all the basic tasks. Library Management System is a software that assists with keeping up a database that is valuable to enter new resources and record books acquired by the individuals, with proper submitting deadlines. All the information about a resource is delivered to the library staff through the software, with proper notifications along with recording the fine paid by the user on the same platform. It has 3 essential components: software, hardware setup and the users. Fig.1 depicts the general context level diagram of a library management system that gives a general idea of how such system is designed and what modules are included in it. www.irjmets.com

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Fig.1: Example of Library Management System [30] 1.2.1 Tasks involved in Library Management System The basic tasks in library management include the planning of acquisitions, classifying all the materials, keeping records, managing visitor enquiries, etc. Acquisition involves acquiring all the materials after ordering them. Cataloguing is done for easy recording of information related to title of the books, topics covered by them, references and bibliographic names, etc. Classification of resources according to titles, genres and arranging them in a systematic order is very important for maintaining the hierarchical structure and allowing the users to get a better searching experience. Library circulation contains the exercises around the lending of library books and other resources to the clients. Key elements of serials control include verifying bibliographic data concerning a title to be ordered, finding whether the title is on the membership list, assigning a merchant, adding the title to the subscription, recording receipt and installment data, keeping up library finance records, and keeping insights on acquirement exercises [29].

Hence, issuing department plays a vital role in keeping track of in the library.

Other tasks involved in library management are keeping updates of latest books and materials, contacting the publishers and authors for relevant information, updating the users’ profile, calculation of fine for all the late returned books, and maintaining the overall decorum of the library.

1.2.2 Problems in Manual Library Management Over the course of years it is seen that there are some disadvantages to the traditional manual library management system as mentioned below: Issues of Paperwork: Manual management require a lot of paperwork. This makes it difficult for the library staff to maintain hardcopies of all the registers as it takes a lot of time and efforts. It is also seen that there is inconsistency in data entry which makes the work more tedious.

Misplacing: As there is no automatic shelf management, books and magazines get misplaced, and it is difficult to keep the shelves properly organized with frequent user visits and borrowing.

No proper users’ records: Often, there is switching of details between the users’ cards. This leads to difficulties for the librarians as well as users in tracking the books.

Data entry: In manual system, usually the librarian writes down details of borrowing and returning in www.irjmets.com

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registers. So, when corrections are needed in the manual system, it is required that data must be completely redone rather than just making some small changes.

Updated information: Manual systems in libraries struggle to cope with the recent explosion in information requests, many of them about online resources.

Irrelevant and outdated sources: The students might also find it difficult to get adequate and updated information due to lack of reviews and little idea about books. In big institutional libraries, many students complain that the books are old and these provide irrelevant or incorrect information. Due to human handling, it is difficult to update the resources frequently.

No communication with library staff: The librarians are mostly busy with clerical tasks which makes it difficult for them to liaise with the visitors and students. In many institutions, students from literature or arts background wish to seek help from well-educated library staff but they are unable to assist efficiently due to their workload.

Lot of Enquiries: In manual system, it is very difficult to cope with the bulk of visitors’ enquiries related to resources and other information as there is no proper catalogues.

Lack of security: Also, when there is no proper tracking, libraries face a lot of security issues like borrowing of books on others’ cards, theft of library resources, etc. There are many other issues such as mutilation, staff keeping books for their personal uses or photocopying of books and journals without permission. Since details are written in registers, anyone can access it and modify.

Less users: The libraries struggle to create awareness about their benefits and facilities to the general public, due to which only few people who know about it visit on a regular basis. Many people feel that their information such as personal information might get misused. Hence, people refrain from registering due to lack of tracking about security system.

1.2.3 Digitization of Libraries in Modern Era In the modern age, libraries have been digitizing their materials in order to prevent their deterioration and complete damage. Digitization makes the library's assets accessible electronically in a way that it gives a more extensive access to its assortments. The selection of materials to be digitized relies upon the need of every library except there are generally acknowledged rules which are ordinarily applied.

Libraries typically digitize the archives of newspapers, maps, coins, artifacts, workmanship, music, youngsters' writing, chronicled records and pictures of global and social interests [3]. Information and communication technology advances have enabled the data experts to choose, arrange, and recover the real data viably and proficiently to the consumers.

It additionally makes library’s assets accessible electronically, users can go through the digitized assets from their workplaces and homes at any suitable time, when the library is truly shut. Many visitors can get to a similar material at the similar time without any obstacle. The main reasons for digitizing are the need to preserve old resources, improving the information searching mechanism and improving the users’ experiences. For quite a while, the physical records of logical investigations and explores needed to live with a basic issue: they were damaged or lost. But due to digital libraries, the online duplicates of studies and explores can be ensured and gathered to make a virtual legacy of data for the coming ages.

The government has taken the decision that the public libraries in Karnataka state, total of 272, will be digitized so that the public can access rare books easily by downloading one application on their smart phones [38]. This process should be applied for all the libraries throughout the country because of the awareness about benefits of digitization. Digitization depends on cautious audit, examination, and arranging can yield electronic assets that are functional and devoted to the first sources, and that help to gain new sorts of scholarship. Fig.2 depicts the basic aspects that are involved in digitization of libraries.

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Fig.2. Aspects of Digital Library Many universities are now moving towards achieving complete digitization in their libraries. This benefits not only the students but the staff and teachers also. Giving access to these assets can help publicize them to all the faculties and students, in different establishments around the globe and show the significance of these resources. Moreover, it is advantageous to make the resources available digitally so as to avoid inappropriate handling of books. This saves the old and valuable materials to last longer. The digitization of precious and important assortments not only brings prestige to the establishment, but also the students’ scholarly work in the institution.

1.2.4 Automation in Library Management System Library automation refers to a planning system to track the books issued, returned, damaged or added to the library. The primary reason for library computerization is to free the administrators and library staff and to permit them to contribute more genuinely to the spread of information and knowledge to everyone. Starting during the 1960s with the advancement of the machine-readable list record (MARC), the procedure of automation has extended to incorporate the center elements of acquisitions, classification, serials control, flow and stock, and interlibrary loan distribution.

Computers are progressively utilized in libraries both for internal tasks and also for getting the data available inside the library easily. The use of PCs evade monotonous employments and spare work and time both for the visitors as well as the library staff. Computers aid in data stockpiling and recovery, in addition to information handling and processing.

According to the expert surveys, there are many advantages of automating a library, be it public or an academic one. The librarian can confirm the status of a request without keeping up duplicate documents and registers or without any inquiry. Any user can verify whether a book is out on credit or accessible on the rack of the library. It helps in collection development, better storage, preserving resources, statistical maintenance, etc. and reduces the drudgery of continuous manual efforts. Hence, automation helps to overcome the limitations of manual library management system.

Most recently, many libraries across the world are using Library Management System which is a software to perform all above tasks. It allows storing media with its own details instead of normalized system. The system is user-friendly as searching the books by any keyword or by choosing the title, author, publisher or category also shows various authors or related topics. Due to online data storage, the librarian can refresh and update the data as and when needed, and can also check the availability of resources by tracking their borrowing and returning without searching them on the shelves. www.irjmets.com

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Institutional libraries profit by adaptable framework, secured access, and high-efficiency and dependable to guarantee consistent access to library database Also, library automation framework is completely adjustable and versatile to the requirements of academic establishments to give quick, solid information while enhancing learning and teaching process. The students prefer this management system as it allows them to connect to computer technology and get internet access for online studying. It also helps to eliminate human errors while updating the data and other document work so that the staff can engage more in resolving student queries and requirements.

1.2.5 Internet of Things and its Applications Recently, Internet of Things (IoT) is the popular trend used for creating and managing smart libraries. IoT refers to the utilization of inter-connected devices and framework to acquire information accumulated by implanted sensors other monitors. IoT utilizes interfacing media, for example, wireless network and physical items to connect gadgets to one another and the web, with negligible direct human intercession to enhance the services for general public. Some of the benefits of IoT include - ability to get access to information from anywhere on any device; improved device communication; time and cost efficiency; better quality of services provided, etc.

There are large number of applications of Internet of Things (IoT) in various areas as shown in Fig.3, and the interest is expanding each year everywhere throughout the world and a ton of huge organizations has put resources into innovation process. The smart homes, is significant application for some reasons: security, personal satisfaction, solace, and now a days we really utilize a few gadgets in our homes identified with IoT like lights, TVs, cameras, etc. [26].

Fig.3. IoT Applications [35] IoT applications in the field of smart city take care of traffic issues, decrease commotion and contamination and help make urban areas safer. The idea of a connected medicinal service system and smart clinical devices bears huge potential, not only for organizations but also for the prosperity of individuals in common. Tracking products while they are out for delivery, or getting providers to trade stock data have been available for a considerable length of time. IoT has made it possible to keep track in retail and supply chain fields. Because of the remoteness of cultivating activities and the huge number of domesticated animals that need to be monitored, the Internet of Things could alter the manner in which agricultural processes work and makes the job easier for the farmers [27].

The issues such as disturbed shelving, thefts in library, etc. are resolved by using Internet of Things based system throughout the library. The RFID technology, scanners and monitors, alarms are deployed everywhere. The students can easily search for books using their smartphones or library computers to search books and other materials in library’s Online Catalogue(OPAC) and the due to automated network, www.irjmets.com

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they are guided to the shelves directly. It also allows user authentication and creates individual profiles for easy borrowing and return. The users are automatically notified about the time for returning the issued material. The library management system also allows fine calculation, reducing the burden on the staff. Utilizing online data storage, portable and computerized libraries takes out paper-based procedures and upkeep overheads, improves efficiency, diminishes activity expenses and spares time. It also is helpful in providing virtual tour of the library to the users.

Hence, a lot of research and work has been done on the automation of public and academic libraries since the last two decades. It has allowed better management and improved services. Many other technologies such as block-chain and machine learning have been used for book recommendation to the users on their devices. Many software applications are developed, some also having customized modifications to improve the management in different types of libraries. Cloud storage has removed the security breaches while allowing easy updating of information.

But it has been observed that there is no significant work done on analyzing the resource usage data generated. Recently, library usage by public is decreasing due to lack of updated books and poor maintenance. The main aim of providing quality education and training to students is not possible without knowing their reviews and requirements. So the usage data can help the staff is understanding the interests of the users. Further, in academic libraries, the proper analysis of usage of books, magazines, etc. by students can provide more cooperation to teachers and students in learning and research work.

Faculties can learn the methods used by students while studying and referring to make notes. Through this analysis, the library staff can become a connecting link between the students and teachers and can upgrade it with more significant materials. Therefore our proposed paper is focused on full automation of IoT in library management and we intend to use predictive analysis for resource usage data to help improve the overall automation process and upgrade the library.

1.3 Organization of the Paper Section 1 gives us a detailed explanation of importance of libraries in a society. It describes the advantages of having public libraries in every part of the country. Education forms the foundation for growth and development of a nation, and libraries are the repositories of every information available in this world. The above Section also includes how libraries play a vital role in enhancing the learning and teaching process in any academic institution. It explains the necessity of a good library with all the relevant resources in higher education so as to impart knowledge and encourage research among the students. The Section has been organized properly. The disadvantages of traditional manual library management system are listed. It also describes the need for digitization of libraries in current world so that every library can provide better services to the visitors. The developments and technologies applied for the automation process are mentioned in this Section. The Section describes the various applications of Internet of Things and its advantages in a library. Lastly, the need to have an updated library is specified and the aim of this paper has been discussed.

Section 2 describes the extensive literature survey done on the following topics: 1.

2.

3.

Digitization of Library Management System Library Automation Technologies to Improve Library Management.

It briefs about the research work done till now and describes the research gaps on which a lot of study needs to be done.

Section 3 specifies the design and implementation of the proposed system along with its schematic representation. The collaborative filtering is done for book recommendation using the sparse matrices.

The predictive analysis is done using VADER sentiment algorithm. A schematic idea and proper flow chart of the implementation has been attached with the explanation.

Section 4 deals with the results obtained from implementing the collaborative filtering method of machine learning and VADER algorithm for listed subjects. The pictures of implementation done in Python are provided along with its explanation. www.irjmets.com

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The last Section is regarding the conclusion drawn from the results obtained after implementation. At the end, the references are mentioned. The appendices involves the libraries used in python and the basic formulas for calculation purposes.

Summary of the Section: This Section deals with the basic introduction of libraries and focuses on the role it plays in development of the society. Further part of the Section is about digitization of modern libraries, automation and Internet of Things. The last part deal with organization of the entire report.

The next Section includes the literature survey done for this report and various other areas and issues discovered through the survey.

II.

LITERATURE SURVEY

The importance of libraries and their automation is discusses in the previous Section. This Section describes the work done based on library management system. It also mentions the research gaps, and discusses the problem overview and finally describes the objective of the paper in conquest. The literature survey has been done and summarized in Table I. TABLE I. LITERATURE SURVEY [40-41]

Title of Research Paper

Work done

Advantages

Disadvantages

Papers on Digitization of Library Management System

An Integrated Library Management System for Book Search and Placement Tasks, Umar Farooq et.al, (Mar 2010)

Design of a book placement mechanism based on image processing and book search mechanism based on GSM network using MATLABÂŽ programming.

The capabilities of the system can be enhanced by taking information from title page of the book using pattern recognition algorithms without pasted tags.

High complexity of the system

Design and Implementation of a Library Management System Based on the Web Service,Yujun Li et.al (Jan 2013)

Design of a Library Management System based on Web services, using the threetier dynamic website production technology, and database optimization method.

The system has the functions of adding, deleting, modifying books and readers; remote access to book an appointment, queries loan period, password changing.

It is difficult to address the data when there is some network issue.

In the Digital Future: Revitalizing Library Management System in Afghan Educational and Cultural Settings, Mohamamd Hanif Gharanai et.al (Feb 2017)

This project replaced the oldfashioned system, digitalized valuable documents and would promote digital or physical book reading culture among Afghan masses.

Furthermore, e-Kelabloon study provides services to learners in both Pashto and Dari local languages in Afghan settings.

Importance of using library is explained through the survey.

With the importance of this new digitization the literacy level would improve in the society.

Copyright issues; unstable electricity infrastructure; some vague terminology; localization of the whole system; lack of regulations for materials.

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Need of Library Automation in Current Era: A Study, Avinash Singh et.al (Mar 2017)

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Need of library automation effective approach towards Information Storage and Retrieval, handling the data in various formats, effective resource sharing activities can be performed.

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Benefits explained Easy Working, helpful in resource sharing, efficient book arranging, spreading technological awareness to people

Finance for automation, untrained staff can’t handle technical issues, constant internet facility.

Papers on Software Library Management System/Library automation

Based on Web university library management system's modeling research, Yuchun Wu et.al (Jul 2011)

Use of UML to carry on the system modeling, which uses the object-oriented method to analyze the system, uses the standard visualization's model to display the visual information.

It greatly improves the database the integrity and consistency, reduce the level of data redundancy, increases software function reuse, and reduce software developing load.

The time it takes to manage and maintain the model is bit tedious.

Enhanced Library Management System, A.Thendral Mary et.al (Oct 2017)

Developed a windows application for library management system which can be exploited for library process using the Eclipse Neon IDE tool and the MySql Database. The ELMS application provide an easy user interface.

Helps to overcome the issue of time consuming, reduce data loss and fast access of library. It allows the user to easily check their due date and available books in the library.

Does not provide facility of allowing the faculty to track the students’ preferences.

Network issues for using ELMS.

RFID-Based Library Management System with Android Mobile Access Application,Roben A. Juanataset.al (Dec 2019)

RAD software development model was used and includes basic steps such as analysis and quick design, prototype cycle, deployment and testing. The RFID tags store information which is read digitally with RFID reader.

RAD software prototypes produced are reusable, using RFID in the library system saves a lot of time and effort and mobile application created helps to search media and other library resources easily.

Extremely high technical skills required, system consist of new functional requirement where RAD can’t work.

Papers on technologies in Library Management Library Management system based on IoT, Mrs. Vandana C.P. et.al (Apr 2017)

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Various technologies used in smart library - RFID, Arduino and Raspberry Pi boards and Sensors. The proposed system controls motion. Microchip

GUI will fully interface with hardware & database server which provides flexibility and

Arduino and other boards will add to hardware errors. GUI

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along with an antenna is used with GUI.

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transparency to the library IT administrator.

based applications require more RAM in order to run.

Work is done using RFID system where the books are issued and returned by swiping students ID tag and RFID tag attached to book.

Provides the user an easier access to the books issue and return policy.

Does not provide any suggestions if the searched book is not there.

Process and Application of Data Mining in the University Library, Yanping Cheng et.al (May 2019)

Application of data mining in the university library. It includes general purpose of user's data mining - data collection, preprocessing, data mining and data application.

University library can provide users with the personalization services, such as subject literature information, recommendation and decision analysis support.

Might lead to the leakage of reader information in the university library causing privacy violation.

A smart book management system based on Block chain platform,LiuXidong (Aug 2019)

Application scenario of a block chain-based smart book management system; uses it to realize the decentralization of the book borrowing status and the number of borrowed books.

The characteristics of block chain technology such as decentralization, consensus mechanism, stable timing and reliable data relations can solve these problems.

Block chain’s decentralized mechanisms make it slow and costly to implement the entire setup and maintain.

Development of an Open Source Automated Library System with Book Recommendation System for Small Libraries, KittiPuritat et.al (May 2020)

Uses the machine learning of support-vector machines where recommendation is based on factors like title similarity, bibliographic similarity, and combination of title and bibliographics.

Support vector machine used to collect data from multiple sources.

Supports book recommendation using multiple information system. Framework based on OpenBiblio, the automated library system open source framework supports new technologies (PHP 7.0)

The algorithm is recommended for small organizations of automated library systems with less than 10000 books.

Application of Internet of Things in Secured Library Management System, Rupali D. Bhure (Apr 2018)

2.1 Summary of Research Papers A detailed summary of the papers surveyed is discussed below: Title of the Paper: An Integrated Library Management System for Book Search and Placement Tasks Summary: In this paper, design of a book placement mechanism based on image processing and book search mechanism based on GSM network is presented for enhancing the performance of conventional library system. The entire system is implemented in MATLAB ÂŽ programming environment. Based on initial results obtained, it is believed that system will be useful when implemented on large scale.

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Title of the Paper: Design and Implementation of a Library Management System Based on the Web Service Summary: University faculty library information technology and modern management plays an important role in the construction of homes and the department of resource sharing platform. Students can not only easily access to the rich resource of expertise in the profession, but also play a very important role to keep abreast of the professional developments. However, due to the university hospital, lacking of staff development, maintenance and management, the library cannot be fully utilized, and also limit the role of library. Thus, in this paper we design a Library Management System based on Web services, using the three-tier dynamic website production technology, and database optimization techniques to maximize the performance of the system. The system has the functions of adding, deleting, modifying books and readers; remote access to book an appointment, queries loan period, renewals and password change functionality. After the initial test, it is basically reached the desired results. i.

Title of the Paper: In the Digital Future: Revitalizing Library Management System in Afghan Educational and Cultural Settings Summary: The significance of this study is to highlight the current situation of the library management system. This project replaced the old-fashioned system, digitalized valuable documents and would promote digital or physical book reading culture among Afghan masses. Furthermore, e-Kelabloon study provides services to learners in both Pashto and Dari local languages in Afghan settings. Indeed, with the importance of this feature the literacy level would improve in the society.

ii.

Title of the Paper: Need of Library Automation in Current Era: A Study Summary: Library Automation needs perfect planning & implementation. Selection of suitable hardware & library software is very essential part where financial issues are involved. A standard Software package must be used which is very common so that you can effectively use the resource sharing facility. Librarian and library staff must have adequate knowledge of Hardware and software so that he/she can manage the operations smoothly and very efficiently. Hence Library Automation will not only improve your Library Standard but also helpful in imparting good library services to the users.

iii.

Title of the Paper: Based on Web university library management system& modeling research Summary: Through UML model used to map to the relational database model, the differences between the two models are smooth ,UML modeling technology for relational database has been achieved, particularly the modeling technology through the class and its instance of the object model of the relational database, can greatly improve the database the integrity and consistency, reduce the level of data redundancy, increase reuse of software functions, and reduce the workload of software development, and promote the coordination between software developers.

iv.

Title of the Paper: RFID-Based Library Management System with Android Mobile Access Application Summary: In view of the presented findings, the following conclusions were drawn: a. Mainly, the database was successfully designed which stores media and other library resources with advanced search facility. The size of the database was enough to organize media and other library resources. It was possible for teachers and students to transact data in the database ensuring that data is consistently organized and remains easily accessible in every library process. The database security was designed and implemented that restricted unauthorized access and use. Also, the database security covered and enforced security on all aspects and components of the data supporting the library management system. b. The RFID was successfully implemented. RFID speeds up library routine procedures and allows library staff to perform more user-service activities. The RFID tags could store information that could be read digitally with the aid of the RFID reader. The system was able to issue and return books via RFID tags and also calculates the correct fine associated with the time period of the library database & absence www.irjmets.com

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from the book. The use of RFID in the library management system has also resulted in the precise location of books, saving a lot of time and effort. c. The mobile application was successfully created to view and search media and other library resources. Through the Android device, users can view media that displays the list of media resources and search for the availability of the media resources saving time that would have been spent in a queue for borrowing a book that is not available. Additionally, the mobile application increased library engagement providing the borrowers a mobile access to media and search media within the connected consortium. d. The overall quality of the system was given a perfectly acceptable (4.62) evaluation rating. The FURPS attributes represent the objective for the quality of the system. It includes features set and capabilities; human factors, overall aesthetics, and consistency; output accuracy and failure recovery capability; response time and efficiency; and overall system safety. v.

Title of the Paper: Process and Application of Data Mining in the University Library Summary: In the university library, traditional data interprets overall resource allocation and users’ demand from macro perspectives. However, big data can perform micro-analysis on users to understand individual needs and adjust the proportion of allocation between different resources, which can provide technical support for discipline development and individualization of services. Compared with traditional data application technology, big data mining technology is in the developing stage. There is no clear method, path and evaluation criteria and guidelines on the utilization of the big data in the university library. Besides, big data mining for collection resources and reader information requires more staffs with in-depth professional skills of data mining. Moreover, the work of big data mining in the university library requires practitioners to abandon the mindset of step-by-step. Alternatively, they should have a good sense of innovation and data mining inspiration, and are able to find the connection between different information. Therefore, in order to give full play to the application effect of data mining technology in the university library, staffs in the library engaged in data mining need to actively exert their subjective initiative and have a strong sense of responsibility and dedication, such that constantly adjust, develop and maintain the data mining models. In this way, university library can provide better decision-making support for the discipline development in the university, more reliable data support for system management and overall resource optimization.

From the literature survey, it is clear that there is grave need for automation process to improve the library services. Various technologies have aided in digital library management and have proved to be beneficial. Digitization of libraries has been of great interest for research and on survey, it is noted that using technologies like RFID, software applications, user-friendly and easily manageable systems are developed. Library automation has been achieved using web-based services. Some papers propose using Arduino and other boards for controlling the workflow. Cloud computing has enabled safe storage and modification of library data. For personalized services and database management, techniques like blockchain and data mining are used whereas machine learning algorithms (SVM) help in book recommendation. a.

Research Gaps

There are some limitations on which extensive work could be done. The following research gaps were found through the survey: 

Barcode issues: The barcode is usually printed on a paper and pasted on the cover, which might get damaged or may come off. Hence, using barcode is not a suitable solution for scanning purposes.



Less memory of RFID tags: RFID tags mostly used have limited range of detection and less memory size; yet a satisfactory solution has not been provided.

Improper setup: Internet of Things is recently in demand for developing new systems for academic library management. Hence it could be utilized in a more efficient way for providing students the track of new books and articles, connecting them to digital resources and informing them about availability of electronic resources for use, etc. www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science 

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Lack of improved software: Using software based application (as been reviewed from above survey) does not allow the users to give reviews directly to the authors or publishers and there is no efficient system for the users to report issues or enquire directly to the library staff from home.



Electronic resource availability: There is no provision of giving information about the availability of computers, printers etc. for users. Most of the students need to use computers and print important documents for submission, but they have to wait unnecessarily to access these as there is no track o of whether a PC or printer, scanner is vacant to be used.



Necessary registration: External users cannot check the library catalogue for book availability. Unless and until they register, there is no provision that they can look at the resources provided or what categories of books and journals are available.



Security breaches: Though the use of software gives a lot of advantages, yet there are many security issues like misuse of data due to lack of customization features.



Inefficient software: Many applications work only for small libraries and do not provide efficient book recommendation to users. Students complain that the software does not have enhanced suggestions related to title, author, subject, etc.



No usage Analysis: According to the survey, it is observed that no proper resource date usage analysis is being conducted, which is most important for maintaining useful and relevant resources.

2.3 Problem Overview Libraries are the nodes linking the elementary learning paths with the global knowledge and resources in the society. They play a fundamental role in growth and development of an individual and hence, are considered a prerequisite for progress of the nation in terms of literacy, vocational skills and financial status. According to an article in the Indian Express, there are more than 70000 libraries in India. But recently, their usage by public is decreasing due to lack of updated books, poor maintenance and inefficient accounting system. Many libraries fail to carry out the periodic weeding policy, wherein old and rarely used materials are discarded. With addition of books and journals, the shelves occupy more space, making it difficult for people to find space or even swiftly locate these books. The main aim of educational institutions is to provide quality education and training to become successful professionals.

Though nearly 83% of users of libraries are students (survey by Times of India), still these students believe that libraries should provide more useful resources with automation method to save time.

Promoting better management and technologies in academic libraries can help increase the number of users.

Though there has been work done on automating libraries, yet the concept needs proper setup and management so that each and every library can utilize. Only using software for borrowing and returning is not sufficient. IoT helps in efficient management without human assistance as every device is connected to a shared network. Hence, a user-friendly setup is required so that this can be used in institutional libraries and students get familiarized with the recent advances in internet and communication technologies.

Another issues is that there is no such provision where institutions can integrate their Moodle with the library software. This is crucial for e-learning as the students can view and access all the resources through their phones or laptops by just simple log-in through Moodle portal. This will allow the students to study and discover their interests, look for research and all complete their assignments. They can access the books, solve questions and study and at the same time, upload the assignments and quizzes through just few clicks.

The survey of literature shows that the work reported until now is only up to automating the libraries for providing efficient services and using techniques to improve the book recommendation system. Book recommendation based on the reviews from faculties and on the usage statistics is important for the students so that they don’t rely on only one book for any topic or subject. Research required in higher levels of education requires a lot of reading of manuals, journals and relevant books. In huge academic libraries, it is difficult to search through all the resources due to categorized material based only on topics www.irjmets.com @International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering, Technology and Science

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and not on publication years, authors, related subjects, etc. Therefore, students tend to use the internet sources rather than going to libraries and searching with lot of effort.

According to The Hindu, students protested in Uttarakhand that 90% of the books in their college libraries are outdated [37]. This is the major issue in most of the institutional libraries. The resources lack revised editions and contain irrelevant materials that cause students to search through the internet for studying. Due to this, the staff members are unaware of the needs and requirements of the students, hence causing the degradation of the library resources and services. Periodic updating the library materials and books, and understanding the studying pattern of the students is very important due to the following reasons:     

To ensure students get the right information for studying the subjects Teachers can design a well-organized course material and sources for reference To encourage learning and provide a proper pathway for researchers To improve the results of academic examinations A good well-stocked library helps to increase the standards of any institution.

2.4 Objective of Work Emphasis is given on innovating the existing IoT based system for managing library for academic libraries. The paper deals with issues of manual library system using QR code technology. Institutional libraries can use new methods for keeping track of data. The main motive is to eliminate the conventional time-consuming manual library system so that libraries and staff can work more efficiently in guiding the students and improving the quality of knowledge training and promote the standards of the institutional academics.

The paper will focus on internet based system where data will be uploaded directly on the server, providing security to the users and library authority. It also includes the integrating of the Moodle with the library to improve the quality of acquiring knowledge and easy tracking of books issued and returned.

It also involves working on predictive analysis of library resource data using machine learning so that there is an appropriate method for analyzing the usage of books, magazines, articles by students and researchers. This study will help to provide adequate and updated recommendations while helping to terminate futile and outdated resources.

III.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM

In this Section, there is a brief description of Library Automation along with the flow chart of the system created, it further includes the gist of integrating the library management system as well as the concepts of Machine Learning features such as recommender system and sentiment analysis which have been implemented in the paper. The Section further includes the schematic representation of the sentiment analysis approach and explains the details of the packages involved in it.

3.1 IoT Based Library Automation The system employs Internet of Things for automation process wherein various technologies are employed. Using IoT will improve service efficiency and resource utilization while securing the library data. The inclusion of QR technology will provide strong authentication mechanism so that thefts can be avoided.

3.1.1

Block Diagram of the System

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Fig.4. Block Diagram of proposed system Fig.4 depicts the general schematic for the proposed system. The library will have QR scanners for verification of the users and borrowing/returning. The QR code of each user’s phone helps in easy retrieval of information. The entire hardware setup is connected to the local area network in the library.

The shelf monitors use radio frequency identification and have LCD display to show the exact position of books and help the users locate them easily as these are inter-connected with library software. Internet of things will allow easy accessibility to library shelves which have rack controlling device consisting of monitors and sensors. The database has separate tables for each of the Rack Monitors. This will help solve the problem of misplacing of books. The alarms are placed at the exit so that if any user takes any material without borrowing, it will notify the staff. The library’s OPAC will be given access only after authentication. The OPAC has different categories so that the user, once connected to the internet, will be able to search the book and the will be able to check the shelf number and place through the details displayed on phone.

Library automation will help to enhance the usage of latest technologies by staff as well as students. To reduce the cost, instead of purchasing an entire software system, IoT is applied for automation. Along with this, the Moodle software of the institution is also linked to the library sharing the common network.

Due to this any student can access the library computers which will guide him to resources through OPAC, and he/she can borrow or return the books and submit assignment while sitting in the library itself.

Further, an enhanced book recommendation system is deployed into the library because of which, the students can get recognized and useful material suggestions on their devices. The inclusion of cloud for data storage and management will allow easy handling of records and modifications as the users can update their profiles as and when required and it will be quickly reflected to the librarian, thus avoiding written requests to staff members. This system consists of both software and hardware implementation.

The hardware design and setup is in process.

3.1.2

Flow Chart for Operation

The entire operation of the system is shown in Fig.5 and the step-wise process is as follows: 1. Each member of the library must have QR enabled smartphone to access the books of the library.

2. This authenticates both the user ID through his smartphone and also his finger print through a biometric finger print reader.

3. There is a QR reader placed at the entrance of the library where the user places his QR enabled phone over it which gives the user’s information to the library database. www.irjmets.com

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4. If the user ID and the fingerprint match, the user is granted permission to the library’s local area network (LAN) whereby the user can access the library’s OPAC (online public access catalog).

5. Authentication of the user’s device is done by using user credentials like username, password and device IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity) number.

6. The shelves/racks are fitted with a rack monitoring device connected to the local area network(LAN), so as soon as the user enters the input, the server checks whether the requested book is available or not.

7. If available, the rack details are displaced on the device, else suggestions are given related to topic/author. When a book is placed in a rack, the rack monitor reads the information about the book through the bar tag embedded in the book.

8. Once it reads the book’s information, it updates details about the book in the library’s database.

9. The sentimental analysis of machine learning gets the review and updates the database in the same manner. Same is the case if the book is removed from the rack. LPS (Library Program Service) sends location details to the user about the current location of the user and the rack position in the library.

10. After the book is found, it is issued after checking for the eligibility of the user to issue books.

11. QR scanners are present at the entrance and exit of the library. If an unissued book is taken out an alarm is raised.

12. The return procedure of the books is that the user keeps the book in the return box which has a QR reader and thus the book is automatically removed from his list of borrowed book.

13. The fines and dues are automatically calculated and the payment can be paid from the smartphone itself.

This method will allow to reduce the burden on the librarian to write down the details of issue and return of books every time a user visits. Also, due to the easy display of details on the device, the user does not have to keep in mind the due date, the number of books issued, etc. Every visitor can easily check the availability of resources without searching them on shelves, hence, time is saved efficiently. Hence, the limitations of a traditional manual system can be solved using automation in libraries.

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Fig.5. Flow Chart for Operation of the System www.irjmets.com

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3.2 Integration of Library Moodle Moodle is a useful software application for tracking, administration, managing courses for students and analyzing their reports by the faculty. It supports a channel of communication, and allows personalized access to members. Moodle improves learning as it comprises of supportive resources, individual and group monitoring, interactive content and assessment modules like quizzes and assignments with proper guidelines. Hence many libraries involve Moodle like LibLime, Koha, NewGenLib, etc. Libraries should be developed and evolved in order to maintain the connection with students. Integrating Moodle with library is one way to achieve this. Students can access the books, journals from any device within/outside the institution and can learn about availability of materials required in their field of study, hence saving their time. This collaboration will establish a connective network between the librarians, the students and their departments. While uploading a test or assignment, the faculty can list some relevant resources for reference which students can search through Moodle-library link (OPAC).

The program will work as follows: 1. The user logs-in to Moodle by using his/her full name.

2. The server notifies the user for the same. a). Then, the user gets five options: 1) Display books present in the library 2) Lend a book to the user 3) Add a book to the library 4) Return an issued book 5) Upload an assignment/quiz for the students. b). Then the user selects one of the above options.

1) If the user selects the first option then all the books present in the library will be visible to the user.

2) In the second option the system will ask the user to enter the name of the book which he wants to issue. If the book is present then it will be issued and will update the database, and if not then it will ask the query for the same.

3) If the user selects the third option, then the system will ask the name of the book that the user wants to add in the library and will update the database for the same so that the changes reflect wisely on the display section of the books.

4) The fourth option will allow the user to return the borrowed book from his issued book-list, this will automatically be done by the software itself once the name of the book to be returned is mentioned.

5) On selecting the fifth option the user has to set the location of the file in its system where the assignment/quiz is present so that same gets uploaded on selecting that option.

2. Later, it asks from the user to either continue by typing ‘c’ or quit by typing ‘q’. And if the user types ‘q’ it logs-out the user automatically.

Machine Learning: Machine learning is an application of artificial intelligence (AI) that provides systems the ability to automatically learn and improve from experience without being explicitly programmed.

Getting feedback on the books is incredibly beneficial and integral part of the learning process. It enables individual to continue to grow as a reader. Thus, book recommendation is necessary so that it becomes easy for the faculties to know the choice of the students and do the changes accordingly. Moving on to the predictive analysis using sentiment analytics helped further to get a deep insight of the sentiments of the students and further be more helpful for the faculties and staunches the teacher-student relation more fruitfully.

3.3.1 Book Recommendation using Collaborative Filtering Book recommendation has been major focus of most of the software developers or efficient library management system. It is important to help students develop interest in reading and they can get a good www.irjmets.com

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grasp of the subject. In any academic institution, it is seen that students who prefer referring a lot of books for any particular subject have greater chances of securing good scores and they develop their writing as well as analytical skills.

Collaborative filtering is one of the techniques used for recommendation based on reactions by similar users. It involves groups with similar choices which allows better suggestions. In a library, there are large amount of resources belonging to diverse topics. So it is difficult to manage the data. This demands mechanisms for efficient information filtering. A user expresses his preferences of library resources and the system matches this ratings against other users’ and observe people with most similar choices. Hence, collaborative filtering can assist in dealing with this issue and allow users to easily explore the materials according to their interests in no time.

The program is implemented to find individual ratings of the books by various members so as to recommend it further to people/students with similar ratings. This will give better search results for students with similar interests. We will be using SciPy’s sparse module for the sparse matrices. Sparse matrices are memory efficient data structures that enable us store large matrices with very few non-zero elements also called as sparse matrices. In addition to efficient storage, sparse matrix data structure also allows users to perform complex matrix computations. The ability of this method to do such computations is incredibly powerful in a variety of data science problems. The method also involves using correlation Matrix which is mainly a covariance matrix, also known as the auto-covariance matrix or dispersion matrix. It is a matrix in which i-j position is used to define the correlation between the ith and jth parameter of the given data-set. The program at the end of its execution delivers the coherent ratings of all the books in ascending order as per the previous ratings of the users who have already read the books.

3.3.2 Predictive Analysis [40-41] To understand the resource usage by students so that it can help to update the library books, the predictive analysis is performed by using ‘Sentiment Analysis’ [40]. It will also help the faculty to improve the stock and provide better reference materials for detailed learning.

So, by Sentiment Analysis we mean that, it is a kind of tool which is used for interpretation and categorization of user’s sentimental views towards a particular book. It can also be referred to as a subfield of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that tries to identify and obtain opinions within a given sentence or text. It is also considered to be one of the most active research areas in Natural Language Processing (NLP).

Thus, in this paper, it is used for automatically analyzing the users’ review towards a particular book used by the students of Semester IV (Batch 2018-2022, Amity University). This will help the academic libraries to listen attentively to their students, and tailor services and resources according to their needs. Thus, Sentiment analysis will help the libraries to understand the opinion of students towards a specific book.

The aim of sentiment analysis is to assess the sentiments, evaluations, and attitudes of the students based on the computational treatment of their usage of various books present in the library.

The main algorithms used in Sentiment Analysis are: 1.

Rule-based systems - sentiment analysis is performed using the set of manually shaped rules.

2.

Automatic systems: these use methods of machine learning to understand the data.

3.

Hybrid systems: these are a combination of both rule-based systems and automatic systems.

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3.3.3 Schematic Representation

Fig.6. Schematic Representation for Sentiment Analysis Fig.6 depicts the general schematic for the proposed system. In this, VADER sentiment which is a Lexiconbased approach that comes under Rule-based systems is used. Here, the VADER stands for ‘Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntimentReasoner’ which is specifically attuned to sentiments expressed in numerous platforms [18]. It is basically a model that is sensitive to both the polarity and intensity of the emotions of the user. It deals with movie reviews, messages on social media, reviews on books and other items and has been found to be quite successful. This algorithm is used for predictive analysis of resource usage data because of the advantages that VADER provides. Here, it is not necessary to have training data because it can be constructed from a generalizable, valence-based sentiment lexicon. Hence, due to these qualities which it possesses, it is being used for the system.

3.3.4 Flow Chart of Implementation

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Fig.7. Flow Chart of Proposed Analysis In sentiment analysis, its vader_lexicon package is downloaded which consists of tons of keywords categorizing in terms of positives, negatives, and neutrals. So if someone gives the reviews as ‘amazing write-up or good book’ it automatically rates it as positive and if the reviews are bad then it rates it as negative. VADER is initialized so that it can be used within this Python script. sid = SentimentIntensityAnalyzer() And on the execution of the program, the calculated positive, negative, and neutral scores for each sentence in the data source is seen properly. Hence, Vader not only tells about the positive and negative sentiments of certain scores, but it also tells us about how positive or how negative a sentiment of a person is. The implementation of sentiment analysis for book usage is depicted in Fig.10.

To interpret the results, the following parameters have been used: www.irjmets.com

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Precision: Calculates the exactness of a classifier. High precision indicates less false positives, whereas a lower precision means more false positives; shown in (1), [20].

Precision = True Positive/ (True Positive + False Positive)

(1)

Recall: It measures the completeness or sensitivity of a classifier. A high recall means less false negatives and vice-versa and is represented as (2), [20].

Recall = True Positive/ (True Positive + False Negative)

(2)

F1 Score: It is the measure of a test’s accuracy. It is a fusion of both precision and recall of the test to compute score, F-Score can also be determined as the Harmonic mean of precision and recall, given in (3), [19]. This allows us to know how the system is performing.

F1-Score= [2*(Precision * Recall)/ (Precision +Recall)]

(3)

The confusion matrix (error matrix) is defined as a summary about result prediction on a classification problem. The total count summarizes the number of correct as well as incorrect predictions which are further divided by each class. The confusion matrix depicts the ways in which any classifying model when making a prediction, is confused. Hence, it provides insights into the errors that a classifier makes and their different types.

Classification Rate or Accuracy is given by equation (4).

Accuracy = (TP + TN) / (TP+TN+FP+FN)

(4)

Here, P is the positive and N is the negative observation.

TP implies observed and predicted positive, while TN is observed and predicted negative. FP represents those observations which were negative but were predicted as positive. Whereas FN depicts that the observations were positive but were predicted to be negative.

Now, for recall: Recall = TP/ (TP+FN)

(5)

The terms TP and FN for recall (5) are the same as described above. Recall is the ratio of the total number of correctly classified positive examples divided to the total number of positive examples. High Recall indicates the class is correctly recognized (a small value of FN) [18]. With this type of analysis, it is easy to calculate whether a word or phrase in the used text is primarily positive, negative, or neutral.

We have used Python for implementing the integration and machine learning algorithms. Python is a high-level programming language for general-purpose programming. Python has two efficient libraries, NumPy and Pandas which are used for data manipulation, data analysis and scientific computation [31].

Panda is popularly used due to its data structures whereas NumPy enriches the programming by implementing multi-dimensional arrays and matrices. Python is preferred for machine learning due to its simpler syntax, great data handling capacity and open source platform.

IV.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This Section reflects the results of the programming codes and all the results of the implementation done for the library automation. So it first begins with the results of integrating library management system moving further to building a recommender system for the library and concluding by the results of the sentiment analysis.

All the programming codes have been written on Jupyter Notebook using Python 3.0.

4.1 Results for Moodle Integration The IoT based library automation with integration of MOODLE is implemented in python. The programming was done in Python version 3.0. The observations and results have been illustrated in Fig 8.

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Fig.8. (a) First part of code

Fig.8. (b) Second part of the code Hence, we conclude that our library management system has been integrated and now it can be used for a variety of purposes from being as a catalogue of the library to addition of more books to it, further integrating it to uploading the assignment or quiz for the students by the faculties. Also, it integrates it further by adding more features like adding new books and the procedure of lending and returning of books by the users.

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4.2 Results for Collaborative Filtering The observations and results of collaborative filtering have been shown in Fig.9 (a) and (b).The code is for the demonstration of collaborative filtering. The programming was done in Python version 3.0.

For the code shown in Fig.9, the users were asked to describe their satisfaction based on their levels of interest in each book in the OPAC page of automated library system. The results from the code indicated that out of all the books present in our library, the book which is highly recommended by our students is ‘maths’ with an average of 2.763627 whereas the least recommended book is ‘english’ with an average of a negative rating.

Fig.9. (a) and (b) Observations of Collaborative Filtering www.irjmets.com

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Hence, collaborative filtering can effectively provide book suggestions to the students related to their interests and save time from looking through the shelves continuously.

4.3 Results for Predictive Analysis Fig.10 shows the Python code and its evaluation for sentiment analysis algorithm.

Fig.10 (a) Implementation The illustration in Fig.10 has been done in python version 3.0. Various libraries such as nltk, pandas and numpy has been used in the following code whose description is provided in Appendix-A.A dataset consisting the name of the books and their reviews provided by the users who have already read these books is used here. The dataset is in excel sheet which has been uploaded to retrieve the information of the same. For the implementation, eight books have been considered (according to the syllabus of Semester IV, Batch 2018-2022, Amity University) 1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

LIC English German Electronics Analog MP Math French

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Fig.10 (b) The code in Fig.10 (b) displays the data of the dataset and drops those values for which there are no reviews. And displays the whole data again.

Fig.10 (c) For getting the polarity scores of the data frame present in the first-location of the dataset which is basically the review of ‘LIC’ book (present in the dataset which is used in this code) the polarity score obtained is as follows: {'neg': 0.0, 'neu': 0.0, 'pos': 1.0, 'compound': 0.5859} Similarly, the polarity scores of the data frame present in the fifth-location of the dataset which is basically the review of ‘Analog’ book (present in the dataset which is used in the code given in Fig.10) the polarity score obtained is as follows: {'neg': 1.0, 'neu': 0.0, 'pos': 0.0, 'compound': -0.6249} The ‘neg’ means negative sentiment found in the review, ‘neu’ means neutral sentiment found in the review, ‘pos’ refers to the positive sentiment found in the review, and the compound is "computed by summing the valence scores of each word in the lexicon, adjusted according to the rules, and then normalized to be between -1 (most extreme negative) and +1 (most extreme positive). This is the most www.irjmets.com

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useful metric if you want a single uni-dimensional measure of sentiment for a given sentence.� Calling it a 'normalized, weighted composite score' is accurate.

Fig.10 (d) Thus, in our system typical threshold values are: Positive sentiment: - compound score >= 0.1 neutral sentiment: - (compound score > -0.1) and (compound score < 0.1) Negative sentiment: - compound score <= -0.1 Now, with the help of Scikit-learn which is a free machine learning library for Python that features accuracy_score, classification_report and confusion matrix we get the accuracy, classification report, and confusion matrix of the same. So the accuracy profound by the algorithm states that the model is 87.5 percent accurate with the precision of macro average as 0.93 and weighted average as 0.89. Here, Precision and F-score are ill-defined and being set to 0.0 in labels with no predicted samples. Thus, the classification report gets the values of f1-score as 0.79 and 0.86 respectively for both macro average and weighted average.

After the implementation, the accuracy is calculated using the equation (4) given in previous Section.

Thus, accuracy turns out to be 87.50 percent of this model.

The polarity scores of the LIC book which is positive will help the faculty to understand that the students are interested in using the books available for LIC. However, if the rating for any book is negative, then this sentiment analysis will explain that the resources/books present need not satisfy the studentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s demands, and thus the library must be upgraded.

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0.661 0.5994

1

Compound

ELECTRONICS

ANALOG

-0.6249

GERMAN

0

ENGLISH

0.339

0.5719

0.5859

1

1

Positive Score

0 0

LIC

Neutral Score

0 0

0 0

0.5859

1

Negative Score

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Fig.11. Graph for Polarity Scores The polarity score values obtained from the sentiment analysis as shown in Fig.10 (c) shows that the sentiment for the book LIC is positive, this indicates that the book used for LIC is liked by the students if the university and there is no need to change the book whereas subject such as Analog whose sentiment is negative and the reviews by the readers are poor, thus it is highly recommended to the faculties to change the books and update new books for Analog in the library. Fig.11 shows the graphical representation (sub-divided bar graph) for all the three metrics plotted in an excel sheet.

V. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK The overall goal of the project is to develop an entire setup of IoT based library automation for academic libraries and it basically consists of two parts â&#x20AC;&#x201C; software design and hardware setup. The software implementation is done in Python 3.0 and the hardware setup is yet to the completed. The implementation conveys that this system is beneficial in overcoming the limitations of traditional manual library system. The integration of Moodle shows that the books available in the library can be directly linked with Moodlewhich will facilitate the course instructors to properly provide assignment and quizzes along with reference materials that can be browsed through the library catalogue easily. Next, we have implemented book recommendation system through machine learning the results of which shows that the books preferred by most of the students will be available and suggested to their log-in portals, hence helping them to learn more efficiently. The results obtained from predictive analysis show that VADER sentiment algorithm is useful in understanding the attitude and approach of students in the learning process. It also proved important to the faculty to understand studentsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; reviews and helped them to suggest changes in the library resources for their course. Hence, it could be incorporated into libraries to maintain their quality and ensure proper learning. The proposal is yet to be completed. Future work involves the implementation of the IoT system in hardware and the analysis technique for the university library system. For the hardware setup shelf monitors with RFID readers and displays will be used, code scanners for easy borrow and return will be setup at kiosks so that the students do not require the help of librarians. The theft alarms will be fixed at entry and exit point along with QR scanners for user authentication and exit point will have return box with sorter so that books can be easily put back to their respective shelves. The market survey for the components is in progress. Through proper database of each resources classified according to the courses and related subjects, the sentiment analysis algorithm can be applied to each of the categories so that the faculties of every department get a clear idea through predictive analysis.

VI.

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