UNIT 4: ROMANESQUE ART 2nd ESO
ISABEL GARCÍA-VELASCO teachermsisabel.com
WHAT ARE WE GOING TO STUDY IN THIS UNIT? 1. Historical context of the Romanesque. 2. Main architectural characteristics. 3. The Romanesque sculpture. 4. The Romanesque paintings.
2
Glossary Remember to add the terms that we explain along the unit. The glossary should be at the end of the notebook. WORDS FOR THE GLOSSARY WILL BE IN PINK.
3
1. Historical context of the Romanesque
✗
Romanesque art refers to the art of Europe from the late 10th century to the rise of the Gothic style in the 13th century, or later, depending on region.
✗
The term Romanesque was invented by 19th century art historians, especially for Romanesque architecture, which retained many basic features of Roman architectural style, like the semi-circular arches, but it had also developed many very different and regional characteristics.
5
✗
✗
The Romanesque style was the first style to spread across the whole Catholic Europe, partly thanks to the pilgrimages, making it the first pan-European style since Imperial Roman Architecture. Romanesque art was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art, especially in painting.
6
2. Main architectural characteristics
2.1 Main characteristics ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Main buildings: castles, monasteries and churches. Main materials: stone bricks. Walls: thick walls with buttresses. Windows: few and small, making the buildings dark and cold. Types of floor plan: mainly Latin cross plan with one or more apses. Supporting elements: pillars, columns, buttresses and thick walls. Supported elements: semicircular arches and vaults. Vaults: barrel and groin vaults. Decoration: few decoration except for the portal, inside reliefs in the capitals and wall paintings. 8
2.2 Types of floor plan
9
2.3 Parts of the floor plan
Apse
10
2.4 Parts of an arch
11
2.5 Types of vaults Barrel vault: is the simplest form of a vault, is is a curved roof, formed by a series of arches placed side by side. Groin vault: (bรณveda de arista), is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults. The word groin refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults. 12
13
14
Few and small windows that made them dark.
stone bricks
Semicircular arches. Thick walls. Latin cross plan: symbol of Christ's crucifixion.
Few decoration outside Semicircular apse
Buttresses
15
Barrel vault
Semicircular arches. Gallery or tribune
stone bricks
Side Nave
carved capitals Pillars
Blind arches
16
17
ROMANESQUE VS GOTHIC
18
Questions: What is the meaning of… ● Nave ● Crossing ● Transept ● Barrel vault ● Groin vault
19
3. The Romanesque sculpture
3.1 Main characteristics ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗
Function: didactic, to teach Christian doctrine. Main materials: stone and wood. Places: in visible places, portals, doorways, capitals, cornices, altars. Topics: religious, Old and New Testament. Style: rigid, adapted to the frame, hieratic, non realistic, without real perspective. Use of hierarchical perspective, figures are organized according to importance. Colors: polychromy.
21
3.2 The Romanesque portal Portal: is the decoration around the entrance of a church, decorated with reliefs. Tympanum: main scene is represented here. Christ in Majesty and scenes from the Bible. Archivolts, jambs, lintel: figures like saints or apostles and geometric motifs. Trumeau: Virgin Mary or saints.
22
23
24
Saint Trophine, Arles (France) 25
Summarizing: What characteristics of the Romanesque buildings can you identify?
Notre-Dame-la-Gra
nde. Poitiers (Franc
e)
26
4. The Romanesque painting
4.1 Main characteristics ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
✗
Function: didactic, to teach Christian doctrine. Types: on wood, wall paintings, miniatures. Places: walls, apses. Topics: religious, Old and New Testament. Style: rigid, adapted to the frame, hieratic, non realistic, without real perspective. Use of hierarchical perspective, figures are organized according to importance. No empty space (horror vacui). Colors: polychromy with black outlines.
28
Christ in Majesty
Apse: wall painting Non realistic No perspective
No background
Black outlines Uniform colours
Religious topics
29
Summarizing: Make mind map with the main characteristics of Romanesque art: architecture, sculpture and painting.
30
HOW MUCH YOU KNOW ABOUT ROMANESQUE?
Let’s play Plickers!!!
31
That’s the end of this unit!
Any questions? You can find me at: ✗ ✗
@teachermsisabel contactme@teachermsisabel.com
32