UNIT 5: AL-ANDALUS 2nd ESO
ISABEL GARCÍA-VELASCO teachermsisabel.com
WHAT ARE WE GOING TO STUDY IN THIS UNIT? 1. The Muslim invasion of Hispania. 2. The historical evolution of Al-Andalus. 3. Society in Al-Andalus. 4. Economy. 5. Urban life in Al-Andalus
2
Glossary Remember to add the terms that we explain along the unit. The glossary should be at the end of the notebook. WORDS FOR THE GLOSSARY WILL BE IN PINK.
3
1. The Muslim invasion of Hispania
1.1What was Al-Andalus? Al-Andalus is the name the Muslims gave to the territories they conquered in the Iberian Peninsula. Before the Muslim’s arrival, the Visigoths ruled the Iberian Peninsula. The Muslims conquered all of the Peninsula except for the Asturian kingdom. The capital was moved from Toledo to Cordoba. 5
1.2 The invasion ✗
✗
✗
In 711, the Umayyad general, Tariq crossed the Strait of Gibraltar with an army of Berbers and Arabs. The internal conflict in the Visigoth kingdom were so huge that some Visigoths supported the invaders. After defeating the Visigoth king, Rodrigo in the Battle of Guadalete, Musa, the Emir of North Africa, came with more soldiers. Tariq and Musa then occupied most of Hispania.
6
2. The historical evolution of Al-Andalus
2.1. Historical periods The history of Al-Andalus can be divided in 5 main periods: 1. DEPENDENT EMIRATE (711-756): Al-Andalus is part of the Umayyad Caliphate. Remember that, in the year 750 the Abbasids overthrew the Umayyads. 2. INDEPENDENT EMIRATE OF CORDOBA (756-929): in 756 Abd-Al Rahman I, became Emir of Cรณrdoba. The Umayyads controlled Coรณrdoba completely independent from the Abbasid Caliphate of Baghdad. 8
3. CALIPHATE OF CORDOBA (929-1031): Abd-al Rahman III declared himself caliph of Cordoba. The city then, became one of the most prosperous cities of Europe. 4. TAIFA KINGDOMS (1031-1212): in 1031, the caliphate disintegrated in several independent kingdoms called taifas. These kingdoms weren't strong enough to resist the Christians and asked for help from the Almoravids and the Almohads, who took control of Al-Andalus. In 1085, the Christians took Toledo. In 1212 the Christian kings defeated the Almohads in the Battle of Navas de Tolosa. 9
5. KINGDOM OF GRANADA (1238-1492): covered the provinces of Granada, Malaga and Almeria. Was ruled by the Nasrid Dynasty. Was a prosperous kingdom, but, since the Peninsula was ruled by Christian kingdoms and its army was weak they paid taxes to Castile. In 1492, Isabel and Fernando conquer Granada. The last king of Granada was Boabdil.
10
11
12
EVOLUTION OF THE IBERIAN PENINSULA
13
Studying time: It’s time to organize your ideas. Create a timeline with the 5 historical periods and the main events that took place between 711 and 1492.
14
3. Society
The population in Al-Andalus was diverse. Visigoths, Roman descendants, Jewish, Berbers, Jewish, Arabs, Almohads and Almoravids, both were African tribes and were the less tolerant Muslims. ✗ ✗ ✗ ✗
Arabs: were the rulers. Berbers: soldiers from North Africa. Muladi/ies: Christians converted to Islam. Mozarabs: Christians. Paid more taxes than the Muslims.
16
17
4. Economy
4.1. Agriculture As we studied in the Unit 2, the economy in the Muslim Empire was mainly based on agriculture. Muslims grew crops such as olives, sugar cane, rice, grapes, cotton. Muslims built channels and waterwheels.
19
4.2. Trade Al-Andalus exported silk and copper and imported gold and slaves. The gold coins used were called dinars and the silver ones dirhams.
4.3. Craftwork Artisans from Granada were experts at making silk but were also famous due to the high-quality ceramics, weapons and jewellery produced in Al-Andalus.
20
5. Urban life in Al-Andalus
✗
✗
Thanks to the improvements in agriculture, people didn’t need to work in the countryside and emigrate to the cities where they worked as artisans. The new cities grew quickly and population become urban. 22
Do you remember the parts of a Muslim town?:
23
Words, words: A lot of our words come from Arabic. Could you find the meaning of these words and find 4 more words with the same root (“al” and “guad”): ● Alhambra. ● Albacete. ● Guadalquivir. ● Guadalete.
24
HOW MUCH YOU KNOW ABOUT AL-ANDALUS?
Let’s play Plickers!!!
25
That’s the end of this unit!
Any questions? You can find me at: ✗ ✗
@teachermsisabel contactme@teachermsisabel.com
26