Weather and Climate 1 ESO
Weather & Climate Weather: looks at short term changes Climate: looks at long-term averages (for example, a 30 year period) BOTH are affected by:atmospheric pressure, latitude, altitude, distance from the coast.
Atmospheric Pressure
Air is made up of many types of gases. The gases create layers: this is called the Atmosphere When air moves, it spreads from Hot Zones to Cold Zones and HIGH pressure to LOW pressure
What causes good and bad weather? anticyclones: areas of high pressure usually create stable weather depressions: areas of low pressure usually bring storms and rain If there is high pressure, the _______ will probably shine. If there is low pressure, there might be _________ and ________
Isobars The lines are similar to altitude. They outline areas with the same pressure. The circle is the Highest or Lowest area of pressure. The numbers represent millibars. Where is the highest pressure? Where is the lowest pressure? What kind of weather will that create?
Can you find the following: High Pressure Low Pressure Hot front (anticyclone) Cold front (depression) Isobars
Barometer A barometer measures atmospheric pressure. The numbers tell how heavy or light the air pressure is. Atmospheric pressure is measured in units called millibars (mb)
Temperature Temperature is the amount of heat in the atmosphere The Tropics are between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn and it's very hot. The Temperate zones are not as hot and have changing seasons. The cold zones receive less sun rays, so it is always cold.
Distance from the Sea The sea moderates temperature The sea does not change temperature easily In the summer and during the day, the sea is cooler and land is warmer. In the winter and at night, the sea is warmer and the land is cooler. Coastal areas are milder than inland areas.
Movement of Earth Example: Northern Hemisphere Summer → ● tilt towards the sun ● long days/short nights ● sun’s rays are concentrated (hot) Winter → ● tilt away from the sun ● long nights/short days ● sun’s rays are spread out (cold)
Rotation and Revolution 1.
What is rotation?
2.
What is revolution?
3.
Define: axis, pole, orbit
4.
How long does it take to rotate?
5.
How long does it take to revolve?
6.
What causes day and night? Rotation or revolution?
7.
What causes the seasons? Rotation or revolution?
8.
What kind of orbit does Earth have?
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Rotation and Revolution 1.
What is rotation? The Earth spins on its axis.
2.
What is revolution? The earth makes a big circle around the sun.
3.
Define: axis The center around which something rotates pole The two ends of the Earth, orbit When one planet circles the sun.
4.
How long does Earth take to rotate? 24 hours
5.
How long does it take to revolve? 365 days
6.
What causes day and night? Rotation or revolution? Rotation
7.
What causes the seasons? Rotation or revolution? Revolution
8.
What kind of orbit does Earth have? Elliptical
Wind Prevailing or trade winds: blow from tropics to the equator Daily winds change during day and night How do you measure wind speed?
Monsoon They occur in coastal regions seasonal shift of wind direction These are very strong winds that cause a rainy season.
Monsoon During the summer‌ 1. The atmosphere over the land has low pressure. 2. The atmosphere over the ocean has high pressure 3. The hot front crashes with the cold front creating storms During the winter‌ 1. The atmosphere over the land has high pressure 2. The atmosphere over the ocean has high pressure travels towards the low pressure area over the ocean.
Tropical Cyclones Hurricane and Typhoon are synonyms HUGE tropical cyclones. Parts of a storm: â—? â—?
eye: no clouds, no winds, can be 50 km wide spiral shape: follows wind patterns, occurs when water evaporates and condenses releasing energy.
The storm loses strength over land