F.O.L. BILINGÜE-UNIT 4
UNIT 4
WORKING DAY
SUMMARY 1. – DEFINITION OF A WORKING DAY 2. – CLASSIFICATION OF A WORKING DAY DAILY WORKING HOURS WORK WEEK WORKING DAYS PER YEAR CONTINUOUS WORKING DAY DIVIDED WORK DAY 3. – EXPANSION AND REDUCTION OF THE WORKING DAY 4. - TIME-TABLES/ SCHEDULES 5. – OVERTIME 6. - LICENSES
VOCABULARY Working day
jornada laboral
Work week
semana laboral
Continuous working day
jornada laboral continua
Divided work day
jornada laboral partida
Time table
horarios
Schedule
calendario
Overtime
horas extras
Licenses
licencias
Workplace
lugar de trabajo
To chat
charlar
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F.O.L. BILINGÜE-UNIT 4
To get dressed
vestirse
Meal
comida
Agreements
acuerdos
Negotiation
negociación
Time off
descanso
Rest period
tiempo de descanso
To require
necesitar, requerir, exigir
To fix
fijar
Full days
días completos
Full time job
trabajo a jornada completa
Part time job
trabajo a jornada partida
Legislature
legislador
Irregular working hours
jornada laboral irregular
Average
media
To exceed
exceder
To check
comprobar
Workday
día de trabajo
A break
un descanso
To last
durar
To state
decir, declarar
At least
al menos
To expand
ampliar
To reduce
reducir
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Hospitality sector
sector de hostelería
Work sift
trabajo a turnos
Isolation
aislamineto
Remoteness
lejanía
Exposed to
expuesto a
Environmental hazards
riesgos medio ambientales
To tidy up
arreglar (recoger, limpiar)
To set
colocar
To enter and leave
entrar y salir
To agree upon
acordar, estar de acuerdo en algo
To reconcile
reconciliar
Vacation
vacación
Recoverable
recuperable
To coincide
coincidir
To go on leave
estar de baja (enfermar)
To notify
notificar
To justify
justificar
To fulfill
satisfacer
Duty
deber
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F.O.L. BILINGÜE-UNIT 4
1. - DEFINITION OF A WORKING DAY
The worker performs/does his/her job during a period of time. That time is called “the working day”.
The working day is open to negotiation through collective agreements in any economic sector. The Law establishes: - Maximum working hours a day or a week and - Minimum time off work.
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F.O.L. BILINGÜE-UNIT 4
2. - CLASSIFICATION OF A WORKING DAY 2.1.-DAILY WORKING HOURS People under the age of 18 years cannot work more than 8 hours a day. If you are older than eighteen years you may work 9 hours a day (adults). However, another working day may be established in a collective agreement or in the work contract. In this case weekly rest periods required by law must be respected. Let see these weekly rest periods that are fixed by the law: - A daily rest period of 12 hours from the end of a workday until the beginning of the next. This time can´t be interrupted. - A weekly rest period of one day and a half for adults and two full days for those under 18 years old. When an employee works 8/9 hours a day we say he/she has a full time job. However if the worker works less than 8/9 hours a day we say s/he has a part time job.
http://resources.lawinfo.com/en/Legal-FAQs/LaborEmployment/Pennsylvania/what-is-the-difference-between-full-timepart.html
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2.2. – WORKING/WORK WEEK (U.K./U.S.A.)
Minors cannot complete more than 40 hours per week of actual work. Adults may have a work week of more than 40 hours of actual labor. The legislature allows irregular working hours where a work week of 45 or 35 etc hours would be permitted, provided that the average annual calculation does not exceed 40 hours a week. The distribution of the irregular working hours must be agreed upon in a collective agreement or in an employment contract.
2.3. – WORKING DAYS PER YEAR How many days a year do we have to work? The law says nothing about the number of annual working days. We will have to check it on the collective agreement and on our own labour contract. However, the statute (the law) requires an annual rest period of at least 30 calendar days. M. Isabel Pérez Ortega
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2.4. – CONTINUOUS WORKING DAY A workday/work-day is considered continuous when there is a break of at least one hour during the working day. In the event that the continuous working day exceeds 6 hours of work there must be a break period of no less than 15 minutes. These 15 minutes will be considered paid work time. A continuous working day for a minor would be a working period of four and a half hours of uninterrupted work. In these cases, the legislature requires a break of 30 minutes and this time is considered to be part of actual paid work. (It is also said: “this time is considered to be on the clock”).
2.5. – DIVIDED WORK DAY A working day with a break lasting more than one hour, dividing the work day into two different periods of work. The collective hospitality agreement in Málaga states that the working day has only a single break of at least one hour. That means that the workday will only have two periods of work. 3. - EXPANSION AND REDUCTION OF THE WORKING DAY For certain sectors and jobs, the government can expand and/or reduce work hours and breaks.
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-Here are some examples of an extension of working hours: • Guards/security services excluding those working for the railroad. • Working in the field (agriculture). •Commerce and hospitality sector. • Transport and maritime workers. • Work under certain specific conditions: •
Work in shifts.
•
Jobs whose action initiates and / or prohibits the work of others.
•
Jobs in special conditions of isolation or remoteness.
•
Work with activities in fractionated days.
-Here are some examples of reduced working hours: • Jobs exposed to environmental hazards. • Working in the field (agriculture). • Working inside mines. • Underground work in construction and public works. • Working in spaces of compressed air. • Working in spaces of refrigeration or subzero temperatures.
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4. – TIME-TABLES/ SCHEDULES A worker may have a set work schedule or a flexible one. In the first case the employee has to enter and leave his/her job according to a fixed time. A flexible schedule allows the employer and the employee to agree upon a time to start and leave work depending on the needs of the worker. For example, it could be agreed that the worker starts work between 8 and 9 in the morning and may leave work between 5 and 6 in the afternoon. Having flexible options allows the worker to reconcile his/her personal and family life with the responsibilities of his/her job.
1h. & 1/2 Flexible time
5 hours Fixed time
1h. & 1/2 Flexible time
5. – OVERTIME It is quite often that the boss asks you to work another hour after finishing your working day. In this case we are talking about overtime. Overtime includes all hours which exceed the working day that is set in the work contract or in the collective agreement. The employer will ask the worker if he can work for another hour. The employee is free to accept or not accept overtime hours. Although the law says that the worker can work 80 overtime hours per year. People under 18 y.o. are not allowed to work overtime hours.
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6. – ANNUAL WORK CALENDAR Every year companies establish an annual work calendar in which they set a total of 14 days paid vacation. These days are not recoverable. Two of these days must coincide with local holidays. Annual leave is 30 calendar days. The law does not allow these days to be compensated monetarily. Vacation days must be agreed upon by the employer and the employee. The employer will display the schedule for vacation days in the place of work at least two months in advance. 6. - LICENSES A worker can ask to go on leave for several days, but he has to notify the company and he has to justify the time taken off work.
The worker will have the right to his/her time off work while still getting paid. These are the situations in which the worker may ask for this type of permission: - Marriage: 15 calendar days. - Birth of a child, death/bereavement, injury or serious illness, hospitalization ....: 2 days, 4 days if travel is required. - Change of habitual residence: 1 day. - To fulfill an inexcusable public and personal duty: for the amount of time needed to fulfill the duty.
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