Portfolio 5/2012 by Itai Cohen

Selected works, May 2012

Itai Cohen

Portfolio 2005-2012

Itai Cohen - Registered Architect.

web: itai.co e.mail: i@itai.co tel:+972544911686

Projects:

Appendix

ReVolt House: Solar Decathlon entry

M.Sc S.01-S.04

Smoke Ring: New Kuip stadium design

M.Sc S.02

Metronome: Music and sound museum

B.Arch S.09-S.10

Tentative: Innovative facade prototype

M.Sc S.01

Mt. Carmel Visitor center

B.Arch S.05

Lotus: Mobile sustainable market stall

B.Arch S.07

Community V2.0: Temporary installation at Beth Hatefutsoth Museum

Independet

Israel’s prime-minister residence

B.Arch S.08

Resumé

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Table Of Contents

1.ReVolt House: Solar Decathlon entry

3.Metronome: Music and sound museum

5.Mt. Carmel Visitor center

7.Community V2.0: Temporary installation Beth Hatefutsoth Museum

2.Smoke Ring: New Kuip stadium design

4.Tentative: Innovative facade prototype

6.Lotus: Mobile sustainable market stall

8.Israel’s prime-minister residence

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Quick Navigation

Project Description Date of presentation Tutors Design Team

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ReVolt House

Solar Decathlon entry by team TU Delft 3/2012 Semester 1,2,3 and 4 of Masters PhD Cand. Florian Heinzelmann, Prof. Patrick Teuffel 8 Students in core team, 25 in total.

The Design is a shaded closed facade. The ReVolt house is designed to rotate such that in the winter months, the open facade is constantly facing the sun to provide light and natural heating for the home, and in the summer months, the closed facade The ReVolt House’s sustainable design is following the sun, in order to shade takes well advantage of the properties of the sun’s heat and keep the house cool. The name ReVolt has a tri-fold reference water – temperate conditions, reflection Naturally, the dwellers can override and to the essence of the house: REVolving, of the sun’s rays, and facility for rotation orient the house as they please. VOLTage (referring to its self-powered movement. capacity), and REVOLTing against the In addition to sustainability and low paradigm of what a house is expected to The layout of the house is precisely energy consumption, the TU Delft team be. designed with three living zones: a living also hoped to provide a unique and area, a dining area, and the bedroom area. comfortable lifestyle with the ReVolt Not only is the ReVolt House entirely One side of the house has a window- House, based on the calm of the water self-powered by solar collectors located clad open facade, where the other side and the special landscape features. The ReVolt House is a rotating and floating solar home, which was designed by a team from the Delft University of Technology (TU Delft). The Revolt House was a part of the 2012 Solar Decathlon, the “world cup” for sustainable solar houses.

Home+ House 2010

Rosenheim House 2010

FabLab House 2010

Solar Decathlon Europe is an international competition among universities which promotes research in the development of efficient houses. The objective of the participating teams is to design and build houses that consume as few natural resources as possible and produce minimum waste products during their life cycle. Particular emphasis is put on reducing energy consumption and on obtaining all the necessary energy from the sun. During the final phase of the competition, teams shall assemble their houses in Madrid, in a place open to the public called Villa Solar, where all of them can be visited. They will be competing in ten contests (that is why it is called ‘decathlon’) that will decide which one is the winner of that edition. In the competition taking place in September 2012, there will be twenty proposals from 15 different countries, eleven of which will come from Europe (Germany, Denmark, Spain, France, Hungary, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, The United Kingdom and Romania) and four more from China, Japan, Brazil and Egypt.

All of these teams are supported by one or more universities and have the economic and technical support from institutions and companies. The main figures during the whole process, from the design to the last phase of the competition in Madrid are the students, known as ‘Decathletes’, who are guided by a professor, the ‘Faculty Advisor’. (Source: sdeurope.com)

Once the initial design phase was completed, I took the role of climate team leader, in which I was in charge of the bioclimatic design – Developing the house’s energetic balance, using passive, semi-passive and advance active systems. I was involved in energetic simulations, calculations and analysis as well as developing a methodology for analyzing the special circumstances of the house. Other aspects included modeling the house using thermal analysis software, daylight calculations, wind and ventilation simulations (CFD), Daylight analysis and artificial light design. Consultation and meetings with industry specialists from the fields of building physics, heat pump optimization, adiabatic cooling and physical simulation specialists. I was involved in the systems design including tailor made system modification with manufacturers according to the design needs. One of the most important aspects of my role was design coordination and integration with architectural design, envelope, energy and logistics teams.

TU Delft had competed in the 2012 Solar Decathlon Europe but had to forfeit and cancel the project just before production, on March 2012. I had been involved in the design since the early concept phase (The design proposed by 3 students and myself was selected in an internal competition within the university). For more than a year and a half a group of students from the fields of architecture, building technology and sustainable energy were working to make this design a reality.

on the roof, but the house benefits from sustainable design in all respects, from passive ventilation, to natural heating and cooling, to sustainable manufacturing – the house literally floats on 18,000 bottles.

Summer rotation mode

Winter rotation mode

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Background - Solar Decathlon Europe

Three aspects of the ReVolt House are the quintessence for the further design – namely floating, rotating and effects Floating: The reasons to develop a floating house, is related to the sheer amount of water available in the Netherlands. There are plans to build entire neighborhoods floating on water. We would like to contribute to that and additionally show how to solve that in a sustainable way where the water/landscape aspect gets tightly interwoven with the architecture and energy concept of our house. Rotating: The house will rotate for one reason amongst others because of climatic and energy aspects. One side of the house will have a closed facade which in summer will continuously face the sun in order to shade the interior and mini¬mize the solar heat gain inside (lesser cooling). We call this closed part of the house the “heat shield”. In winter when the suns’ altitude is lower, the “open” glass facades of the house will continuously face the sun. This will generate a solar heat gain for the interior (passive heating) which requires less energy for an actual heating system. Since the house is floating with little friction on water the rotation won’t require much of an effort. Effects: Since water reflects the sun rays we further expect having a great impact on the interior of the house in terms of daylight availability but also atmosphere. We aim to combine sustainability, low energy consumption, and a dynamic relation with the landscape into a unique lifestyle and design.

Bending facade

moment inThe time. During the design rotationaddresses cycle thea three full-height glazed windows It’s Dutch! Revolt house the whole interior madewill one continuous element where many Although the wholeisinterior isasmade as one continuous element where many Springs from Dutch traditionsAlthough of seafaring and boat houses of lifestyles landscape, and contextswith related displayvariety an ever-shifting the interesting result of framing difalong the canals. A typical Dutch boathouse is a good start for a to water. This first issue brought forward things are integrated into the wall and just a few element are exhibited. The things are integrated into the wall and just a few element are exhibited. The ferent views the and day,original or the concept same view to LL sustainable house. an along innovative for aslowly moving from a window use of the white color and absence of straight corners let the eye drawn around use of the white color and absence ofanother. straight Because corners let eye drawn aroundorienting itself most optimal towards sustainable building. thethe house is constantly the room and makes it feel more spacious than it really is. The build-in furniture

the room and makes it feel more spacious thanthere it really is. The build-in furniture It’s Future Proof! the sun, won’t be any external sun shading elements required, thus leavhelps to open up the space, leaving moreThe room to breathe. Moreover, it allows ReVolt House follows the movement S D theoffers space, With the continuous rise in seahelps level to theopen boat up house theleaving more room to breathe. Moreover, it allows D ing the view outside completely unobstructed at all times. S of to thethe sun throughout the day thanks the house to adapt different scenarios that are needed for the dynamic lifestyle ultimate flexible solution, alwaysthe floating on the water. house toofadapt different scenarios that are needed for the dynamicwhich lifestyle to a rotation mechanism, itself is young families. activated by solar energy. The house will of young families. Furthermore, the rhythm of rotation is generally determined by sun position in slowly spin around its centre for better The central bathroom not only works as light well to get more daylight into to sun irradiation, which will a software-based interfaceThree It’s Mobile! the sky, butresponding the TU Delft team is implementing which three nuclei functions be maximized during winter and screened The boathouse rotates followingThe the central sun to for protection and to bathroom notalso only works as light well to get more daylight into the interior but as visual barrier, thus separating i.e. the kitchen from the will allow the inhabitants to “personalize” the rotation rate according to their three nuclei in summer toliving enhance climatic maximize power conversion. It can also movesleeping from place place The view relations between the three areaspassive and glass fathe interior but alsoarea. astovisual barrier, thus separating i.e. the kitchen from the specific needs andWedesires. For example, by interacting with ReVolt House’s rotaeffects. further enable the inhabitants not being confined to a location. cades remain therefore enabling the inhabitants aprogramming view towards sleeping area. The viewunobstructed; relations between the three living areas and glass fato override the climatic of tionthe system, one could configure it in order to wake up every morning bathed at least two glass facades and home entertainment area from any point the rotation in order to have direct light cades remain unobstructed; therefore enabling the a view while towards It’s More Temperate! infacade sun light, or inhabitants to face the sunset having enter the house according tofacades, their liking. in the house. By bending the into the volume at the glass the a romantic dinner at the loggia. Bodies of water maintain relatively stable during at least twotemperature glass facades and the home entertainment area from any point awareness ofthe water presence building receives a sculpturedThe appearance while curves enhancehas thebeen notionanother driving force while designsummer and winter. A boat house avoids extreme heat and cold The ReVolt House enables the inhabitant in the house. By bending the facade into the volume at the glass facades, the found inland and requires less energy to maintain comfort levels. ing ReVolt truly House. thenatural three “cycle” glazedofwalls of rotation. live Since with the the can be completely opened, they

Interior relations

building receives a sculptured appearance the curves enhance notion sun. The with the source of can allwhile work either asrelation entrances orthe small terraces. Even if the relative position of energy has been a crucial aspect in the of rotation. As the inner logic and spatialthe organization is tied constantly to sun movement, so is to thethe outside, the house can be surinside changes in relation

It’s Futuristic! conception of the architecture design from Building on water increases density and preserves precious arable relation with the surrounding. The landscaping with the wooden deck for acrounded bythea very fixed deck forbecoming the half part of itsof perimeter. When parts of the house beginning, the land and can be a part of large scale development of cities on water. House as well as the part will beevery programmed such a As the innercessing logic the andReVolt spatial organization is water tied to sun movement, so isin the Bending facade experience and day live.

is facing a pool, a lake, or a canal on which it floats, the dweller will be in direct way thatsurrounding. its features areThe related to the use with most the likelywooden happening at that relation with the landscaping deck forspecific acBending facade contact with water, avoiding the visual and physical obstruction of the deck. moment in time. During the rotation cycle the three full-height glazed windows cessing the ReVolt House as well as the water part will be programmed in such a Bending facade will display an ever-shifting landscape, with the interesting result of framing difway that its features are related to the use most likely happening at that specific ferent views along the day, or the same view slowly moving from a window to moment in another. time. During the rotation cycle the three full-height glazed windows Because the house is constantly orienting itself most optimal towards will display the an ever-shifting landscape, with the resultrequired, of framing difsun, there won’t be 10 any external suninteresting shading elements thus leavferent viewsingalong the to day, the same view slowly moving from a window to the view theor outside completely unobstructed at all times.

Exterior relations

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Design Concepts

designed, offootprint, which there’s lack in the Netherlands. The openfor spatial configuraa Dutcha‘starterswoning’ (starter’s apartment) a young couple was building receives a sculptured appearance while the curves enhance the notion of which there’s lack in the around Netherlands. The open spatial configuration is baseddesigned, on a triangular layout aorganized three nuclei; dining, living of rotation. tion is based a triangularatlayout organized around nuclei; dining, living and sleeping which areonconnected the perimeter by anthree alternation of open and sleeping which are connected attechnical the perimeter by an alternation of open and closed facades which contains theAsmore and appliances spaces. In is tied to sun movement, so is the the inner logic and spatial organization and closed facades which contains the more technical and appliances spaces. In that manner the kitchen is adjacent relation to the dining room area, the home enterthe surrounding. The landscaping with the wooden deck for acthat manner the kitchen is adjacent towith the dining room area, the home entertainment totainment the living room and the wardrobe, toilet and washing appliance are cessing the ReVolt House as well as the water a shape to the living room and the wardrobe, toilet and washing appliance are part will be programmed in such Circular Circular shape close to theclose sleeping to theroom. sleeping room. way that its features are related to the use most likely happening at that specific

According to the square meter allowance of the building footprint, a Dutch ‘starterswoning’ (starter’s apartment) for a young couple was designed, of which there’s a lack in the Netherlands. The open spatial configuration is based on a triangular layout organized around three nuclei; dining, living and sleeping which are connected at the perimeter by an alternation of open and closed facades which contains the more technical and appliances spaces. In that manner the kitchen is adjacent to the dining room area, the home entertainment to the living room and the wardrobe, toilet and washing appliance are close to the sleeping room. Although the whole interior is made as one continuous element where many things are integrated into the wall and just a few element are exhibited. The use of the white color and absence of straight corners let the eye drawn around the room and makes it feel more spacious than

it really is. The build-in furniture helps to open up the space, leaving more room to breathe. Moreover, it allows the house to adapt different scenarios that are needed for the dynamic lifestyle of young families. The central bathroom not only works as light well to get more daylight into the interior but also as visual barrier, thus separating i.e. the kitchen from the sleeping area. The view relations between the three living areas and glass facades remain unobstructed; therefore enabling the inhabitants a view towards at least two glass facades and the

home entertainment area from any point in the house. By bending the facade into the volume at the glass facades, the building receives a sculptured appearance while the curves enhance the notion of rotation. As the inner logic and spatial organization is tied to sun movement, so is the relation with the surrounding. The landscaping with the wooden deck for accessing the ReVolt House as well as the water part will be programmed in such a way that its features are related to the use most likely happening at that

specific moment in time. During the rotation cycle the three full-height glazed windows will display an ever-shifting landscape, with the interesting result of framing different views along the day, or the same view slowly moving from a window to another. Because the house is constantly orienting itself most optimal towards the sun, there won’t be any external sun shading elements required, thus leaving the view to the outside completely unobstructed at all times.

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The circular footprint of ReVolt House is the most consistent shape for circular movement and allows a reduction of the amount of energy needed for the rotation in water thus not just being a metaphor but coming from the aspect of its performance.

morning bathed in sun light, or to face the sunset while having a romantic dinner at the loggia. The awareness of water presence has been another driving force while designing ReVolt House. Since the three glazed walls can be completely opened, they can all work either as entrances or small terraces. Even if

the relative position of the inside changes constantly in relation to the outside, the house can be surrounded by a fixed deck for the half of its perimeter. When parts of the house is facing a pool, a lake, or a canal on which it floats, the dweller will be in direct contact with water, avoiding the visual and physical obstruction of the deck.

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Furthermore, the rhythm of rotation is generally determined by sun position in the sky, but the TU Delft team is implementing a software-based interface which will allow the inhabitants to “personalize” the rotation rate according to their specific needs and desires. For example, by interacting with ReVolt House’s rotation system, one could configure it in order to wake up every

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Shell

Since the house was designed to be constructed and dismantled three times (buildup in Delft, dismantling and transporting to Madrid, construction for the competition, dismantling and shipping back to delft, and final buildup) all connections were designed to be dry and and capable of multiple usage, and all parts were designed to fit in as little trucks as possible. The competition dictates that the house should be built in 10 days at the competition site, a fact that forced design for rapid fabrication.

Landscape

Photovoltaics/ Solar Collectos

Roof Slabs

Roof

Roof Ring

Windows Machine Room/Wardrobe

Machine Room/Wardrobe Kitchen Unit

Walls

Bathroom

Deck and Ramps Floating Floor

Floor Slabs

Floor Floating Platform

Platform

Pool

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The Revolt House construction description can be divided in two distinct parts, the Landscape and the Shell. These two aspects define the built environment comprising of platform and pool forming the landscape area and different building components forming the shell. The detailed descriptions of each part with the materials, components and construction systems used are explained below.

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Bioclimatic Design

much more complicated, since all software packages are orientation dependant and include the sun’s path, which is irrelevant in this case. Ad-hoc solutions were developed to create reliable energetic calculations. A method was developed in which the radiation was calculated separately from conduction and convection. To establish the amount of radiation infiltrating the house the Perez model was used to derive directional data from the weather data, and then using conditional scripting, the rotation was simulated per window per hour, on the IWEC

year data. The estimated loads were then set into an Energy+ model of the house (with no windows) as internal loads.

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The task at hand was to design a house that would perform well in the Netherlands, as well as in the competition site in Madrid. Comparative analysis was made to determine the best passive method for controlling the house’s climate; Direct solar gain was selected for heating and evaporation for cooling.

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Designed temperature graph 5.3.19 Simulation results comfort temperatures 14-31 september

A segment of the Madrid dynamic simulation is portrayed in further detail in this report to hourly resolution (fig. 5.3.19). The

>Žǁ ŚĞĂƟŶŐ ůŽĂĚ

,ŝŐŚ ŚĞĂƟŶŐ ůŽĂĚ

>Žǁ ŚĞĂƟŶŐ ůŽĂĚ

Ͳ sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͗ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĐŽŽůŝŶŐ ŽŶ

Ͳ EŽ ƉŽŽů ƚŽ ĐĞŝůŝŶŐ ;,W ŽīͿ Ͳ sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͗ EŽ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĐŽŽůŝŶŐ Ͳ KƉĞŶĂďůĞ ǁŝŶĚŽǁ

DĞĚŝƵŵ ŚĞĂƟŶŐ ůŽĂĚ

Ͳ ƉŽŽů ƚŽ ŇŽŽƌ ;,W ŽŶͿ Ͳ ďŽŝůĞƌ ŽŶ Ͳ sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͗ ŚĞĂƚ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞŚĞĂƟŶŐ ǀŝĂ ďŽŝůĞƌ Ͳ ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞ ŚĞĂƟŶŐǭ Ͳ ƉŽŽů ƚŽ ŇŽŽƌ ;,W ŽŶͿ Ͳ ďŽŝůĞƌ ŽŶ Ͳ sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͗ ŚĞĂƚ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞŚĞĂƟŶŐ ǀŝĂ ďŽŝůĞƌ Ͳ ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞ ŚĞĂƟŶŐǭ

DĞĚŝƵŵ ŚĞĂƟŶŐ ůŽĂĚ

Ͳ ƉŽŽů ƚŽ ĐĞŝůŝŶŐ ;,W ŽīͿ Ͳ sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͗ ĂĚŝĂďĂƟĐ ĐŽŽůŝŶŐ ŽŶ

Ͳ ƉŽŽů ƚŽ ŇŽŽƌ ;,W ŽŶͿ Ͳ ďŽŝůĞƌ ŽŶ Ͳ sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͗ ŚĞĂƚ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞŚĞĂƟŶŐ ǀŝĂ ďŽŝůĞƌ Ͳ ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞ ŚĞĂƟŶŐ Ͳ ƉŽŽů ƚŽ ŇŽŽƌ ;,W ŽŶͿ Ͳ ďŽŝůĞƌ ŽŶ Ͳ sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͗ ŚĞĂƚ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ ĂŶĚ ƉƌĞŚĞĂƟŶŐ ǀŝĂ ďŽŝůĞƌ Ͳ ƉĂƐƐŝǀĞ ŚĞĂƟŶŐ

Ͳ EŽ ƉŽŽů ƚŽ ŇŽŽƌ ;,W ŽīͿ Ͳ sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͗ ŶŽ ƉƌĞŚĞĂƟŶŐ Ͳ ,ĞĂƚ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ Ͳ KƉĞŶĂďůĞ ǁŝŶĚŽǁ Ͳ EŽ ƉŽŽů ƚŽ ŇŽŽƌ ;,W ŽīͿ Ͳ sĞŶƟůĂƟŽŶ͗ ŶŽ ƉƌĞŚĞĂƟŶŐ Ͳ ,ĞĂƚ ƌĞĐŽǀĞƌǇ Ͳ KƉĞŶĂďůĞ ǁŝŶĚŽǁ

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,ŝŐŚ ŚĞĂƟŶŐ ůŽĂĚ

A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Bioclimatic system superposition

Embedded water system: heating, cooling and domestic hot water

Machine room design

ventilation to remove hot air, cool it with grey water droplets and then in turn cool the intake air to 18c. This is done while the rotation mechanism keeps the house in full shade, preventing penetration of direct solar radiation. In case the pool overheats, a small heat pump cools the water to 20c. Maximum cooling load expected: 3.4kW peak. In winter the house is using a PID controller to determine the house’s angle towards the sun and keep temperature optimal. When

direct solar radiation is not present, the heat pump is reversed and heats the floor to 28c, using the pool’s water as a source. The air-air exchanger is preheating the intake air with the exhaust air in an efficiency of 95%. The maximal expected heating load is 1.35kW peak. The loads are relatively low albeit the large floor to window ratio, due to the highly insulating envelope, rated at a U value of 0.13m2K.

Air circulation scheme and forced stacked ventilation

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The ReVolt house is utilizing the sun, a set of heat-exchanges, the pool’s water and an adiabatic cooler to control comfort within the house. The main cooling system is the radiative ceiling, which is circulated with a submerged heat-exchanger in the pool. As long as the pool is colder then the internal temperature by more then 4c, is would drain the heat to the pool at a cost of only 6w. When the heat load is higher, an adiabatic air-air heat-exchanger kicks in, using stack

Materialization

Much thought was given to the materials the house should be made of. They had to be very ŝ͘͘ DŽůĚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ durable, precise, insulating, sustainable, and very importantly, light - to keep the house’s weight as low as possible for bouncy. After a long period of research, the material selected for the envelope was glass-fiber reinforced PE/PET foam composite, fabricated in vacuum infusion. The house’s parts would be cast using only 5 moulds, which with different setups are able to produce all the necessary segments. The floating platform is made of overpressurised PET bottles, which are able to carry substantial loads after being filled with 6 grams of dry-ice (solid CO2).

WƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ͗ /ŶũĞĐƟŽŶ ŵŽůĚŝŶŐ

ŝŝ͘ WƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ

DŽůĚ ϭ ;ĞǆƚĞƌŝŽƌ ǁĂůůƐͿ ĂŶĚ ĂĚũƵƐƚĂďŝůŝƚǇ

DŽůĚ Ϯ ;ƌŽŽĨ͕ ŇŽŽƌ͕ ŇŽĂƟŶŐ ĞůĞŵĞŶƚƐͿ

Mold 3 (ring)

/ŶŝƟĂůůǇ͕ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉůĞƚĞ ŚŽƵƐĞ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ĨƌĂŐŵĞŶƚĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚĂďůĞ ƉŝĞĐĞƐ͘ dŚĞƐĞ ƉŝĞĐĞƐ ǁĞƌĞ ĨƵƌƚŚĞƌ ďƌŽŬĞŶ ĚŽǁŶ ŝŶƚŽ ĐŽŵƉŽ-

ŶĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƵƐĞ ǁŝůů ďĞ ŵĂŶƵĨĂĐƚƵƌĞĚ ďǇ ͚sĂĐƵƵŵ ƐƐŝƐƚĞĚ ZĞƐŝŶ dƌĂŶƐĨĞƌ DŽůĚŝŶŐ ͚͘ dŚŝƐ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ƐƵƉƉŽƌƚƐ ŶĞŶƚƐ ƚŽ ŚĞůƉ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ǁŝƚŚ ŵŝŶŝŵĂů ŵŽůĚƐ͘ dŚĞ ŐĞŽŵĞƚƌǇ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ǁĂƐ ĐĂƚĞŐŽƌŝǌĞĚ ŝŶƚŽ ƚǁŽ ƚǇƉĞƐ͗ ŇĂƚ ƌĞƐŝŶƐ ĂŶĚ ĮďĞƌƐ ƵƐĞĚ ĂŶĚ ĂůƐŽ ĨĂǀŽƌƐ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ůĂƌŐĞ ǁĂůů ĂŶĚ ƌŽŽĨ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƵƐĞ ƚŚƌŽƵŐŚ Ă ĂŶĚ ĐƵƌǀĞĚ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ͘ dŚĞ ŵŽůĚ ƉƌĞƉĂƌĂƟŽŶ ĨŽƌ ŇĂƚ ĐŽŵƉŽŶĞŶƚƐ ĂƌĞ ǀĞƌǇ ƐŝŵƉůĞ ͕ ǁŚĞƌĞĂƐ ƚŚĞ ĐƵƌǀĞĚ ŵŽůĚ ĨŽƌ ƚŚĞ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ĞƚŚŽĚƐ͘ /ƚ ƉƌŽǀĞĚ ƚŽ ďĞ ǀĞƌǇ ĞĐŽŶŽŵŝĐĂů ǁŝƚŚ ǀĞƌǇ ůĞƐƐ ƚŽŽůŝŶŐ ĐŽƐƚ ǁŚŝĐŚ ŝƐ ŽŶĞ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŵŽƐƚ ŝŵƉŽƌƚĂŶƚ ĐƌŝƚĞƌŝĂ ĞĚ ĚƵƌŝŶŐ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ͘DŽƌĞŽǀĞƌ ƚŚĞ ĞŶĞƌŐǇ ŝŶǀŽůǀĞĚ ŝŶ ƚŚĞ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƵƐĞ ŝƐ ǀĞƌǇ ŵŝŶŝŵĂů ǁŚĞŶ ǁĂůůƐ ĂŶĚ ƌŝŶŐ ƉĂƌƚƐ ƌĞƋƵŝƌĞĚ ŵŽƌĞ ŵĂŶ ŚŽƵƌƐ ŝŶ ĐƌĂŌŝŶŐ ŵƵůƟƉůĞ ŵŽůĚ ƐŚĂƉĞ͘ ŽƚŚĞƌ ĂǀĂŝůĂďůĞ ƉƌŽĐĞƐƐ ĨŽƌ ƚŚŝƐ ĐĂƐĞ͘

ƐŝŶƐ ĂŶĚ ƚŚĞ ĨŽĂŵ ĐŽƌĞ ĂƌĞ ĂƌƌĂŶŐĞĚ ŝŶƐŝĚĞ ƚŚĞ ŵŽůĚ ĂŶĚ ĐŽǀĞƌĞĚ ǁŝƚŚ Ă ǀĂĐƵƵŵ ďĂŐ ͘ sĂĐƵƵŵ ŝƐ ĐƌĞĂƚĞĚ ŽŶ ƐŝŵŝůĂƌ ŐĞŽŵĞƚƌǇ ŝŶ ĐƵƌǀĞĚ ǁĂůůƐ ŚĂƐ ďĞĞŶ ƌĞƉĞĂƚĞĚ Ăƚ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƚ ƉĂƌƚƐ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ ŚŽƵƐĞ ĚĞƐŝŐŶ͕ ĐƌĞĂƟŶŐ Ă ŐŽŽĚ ĂƌĐŚŝƚĞĐƚƵƌĂů ůĂŶŐƵĂŐĞ

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ϭ ŵŽůĚ ĨŽƌ ƉƌŽĚƵĐƟŽŶ ŽĨ ǀĂƌŝŽƵƐ ĚŝīĞƌĞŶƟĂƚĞĚ ƉĂƌƚƐ

Project Description

Date of presentation Tutors

Design Team

XXL Digital Workshop for designing the new Kuip stadium- Rotterdam 4/2011 Semester 2 of Masters Coordination: Michela Turrin. Instructors: Prof.ir. K. Oosterhuis; Dr.ir. H.H. Bier, ir. Jelle Feringa. Dr.ir. J. Paul, ir. A. Borgart, ir. T. Klein, Arch. M. Turrin, ir. S. Mulders, ir. P. Nourian, Dr.ir. A. van Timmeren, Dr.ir. M. Tenpierik, Ing. A.K. Lassen, ir.G.Mangone, Prof.dr.ing. P. Teuffel; Dipl.Ing. F. Heinzelmann L. Birznieks, M. Van Meijeren, P. Papanastasis, I. Cohen

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Smoke Ring

The Desgin

This design was conceived during a unique workshop given at the TU Delft, titled “XXL”.

One of our favorite things about the programme given for the stadium was the requirement to integrate the stadium and the city. Initially, it sounds like a contradiction - a stadium is introverted by it’s nature. For the spectators the focal point is inside the stadium and since the building should house as many seats as possible, a tall solid mass is created that does not communicate with the surrounding city.

The XXL Workshop is an elective course held at the Faculty of Architecture of Delft University of Technology. It is concerned with the design, computation, engineering, and production of a horizontal large span building structure. This design process is done as a collaborative digital design in a multidisciplinary group of students in which each student has his/her own different responsibility. The collaborative digital design requires an integrated 3D approach based on BIM (Building Information Modeling) principles, performance analysis, and file to factory processes. It is given once a year covers the entire weekly timetable. It is a team project, and each team comprises of specialists: An architect, a construction engineer, a facade designer and a digital informatics manager. Together they need to come up with a stadium design which is detailed, calculated and optimized. The students are gathered in a studio throughout the day, while the tutors constantly come and go. Each specialist is consulting his tutor in his field of expertise and then needs to come back to the team and find a way to integrate the content of the consult with the rest of the team. The group has to face great challenges caused by various opinions and the overall complexity of designing a mega-structure.

peaking out of it. Above the top of the first seat ring, a 10 meter gap would allow a continuous view of the city through the stadium, from the city into the stadium and from the stadium towards the city. The top seating ring would be concealed in a light-as-possible construction, that would appear to be floating over the hill, making it iconic, memorable and unique. The smoke ring would be fixed on a set of columns that would include the horizontal moment axis, the stairs Our proposal suggests the creation of a and the lifts. The top structure would also split stadium. Partly covered in ground include the VIP rooms and some of the and partly “floating” over the pitch. A functions the sustainable approach taken volcano and a smoke ring if you may. The in this concept is of a more social nature. first ring, as well as the pitch, the parking lot and several other functions are slightly We look at the connection with the submerged and covered until a height of city and the transparency as values of about 15 meters in artificial soil, acting great importance in the relation to the as a green roof, with only the entrances context,and enables the community to

feel greater connection to the place, that is open to all, not only for the paying crowd, the new sloped created would encourage new uses instead of the conventional carpet of parking lots surrounding most stadiums. This green strip continues the master plan’s intention of creating an urban part, making the mountain a focal point in it.

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Background - XXL Digital Workshop

Year’s time

(24/7)2

Splitting the stadium to two parts, allowing a view of the city through the building.

Yearly usage analysis clearly show that times in which the stadium is used in it’s full 67,000 seat capacity are surprisingly marginal - barely 0.8% of the time. Therefore it becomes nothing more than

a ‘white elephant’ if approached in the traditional nature. Our conclusion was that the full size stadium was a temporary state, and should be designed as such. Allowing other functions to become the main use

of the mega-structure would prevent it from becoming yet another urban void. By splitting the stadium in two halves that are able to operate independently, we create opportunity for two times*24/7 space use.

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Concepts and Programme

The hovering shell is hanged over a 10 meter gap above the mountain, allowing city dwellers to look through the stadium to the far Rotterdam skyline on the northern bank of the Maas. Suspended on slender trusses, the smoke ring is designed to appear as light as possible. Reflectively coated uPVC membranes clad the stadium, and the structural materials are stretched to the edge of their ability, in order to reduce the amount of materials and their weight.

The bottom part of our design is an artificial mountain. It keeps the large scale functions out of sight, and thus giving the majority of space back to the city. It enables the coexistence of two unrelated functions at most times: A market on top and an expo on the bottom. The mountain is covered mostly by a green roof, acting as thermal mass and reduces heat in an urban scale. The lighting slits are optimized according to the needs of the spaces beneath them.

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The top part of the stadium is a huge blimp. It acts as a roof, a sustainable energy production method, a VIP lounge and an unforgettable icon. Our artificial cloud is filed with water vapor in a volume that produces approximately 150 tons of net lift. The cloud supplies the heat needed to keep it floating via thermal collectors and uses the excess lift to produce electricity during the day. In most times the cloud would cover the stadium, but it could also fly around the city, follow the team in distant games and give temporary shade and rain protection to outdoor venues.

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The bottom part of the stadium is submerged and acts mostly as an expo venue, Rotterdam is currently missing, and could benefit from the accessibility infrastructure constructed for the stadium - E.g. mass parking, heavy vehicle access, public transport etc. The pitch that was selected for the stadium was artificial, and was installed on hydraulic pistons, allowing it to rise and descend according to the function needed. In full capacity games (67,000 spectators) the pitch would be lowered at the expanse or the expo area which would be disabled several days before and after the game. Temporary, demountable seating would be installed for a third of the desired capacity of the stadium. Since the expo and other facilities covers a substantial area, and that area is concealed under the artificial slope, a method for utilizing and optimizing daylight was conceived and integrated into the design, as a method of energy saving. The goal of the optimization was to create openings which would allow the needed amount of light into the building, according to the functions under the slope. It was imperative to allow a controlled amount of light in, to preserve the smooth appearance of the slope as well as to avoid over-heating and glare.

Level 3

Level 2

Level 1

Level 0

Level 3 0

Level 2

III

Perforation esthetic approaches, No. III selected

Level 1 0

300 Lux 250 Lux 200Lux 150 Lux 100 Lux

Level 0 Basic slope design, before optimization

50 Lux

Desired lighting level by function

IV 8 Perforation logic: The slope was cut horizontally to curves and equally divided to small segments. The optimization software was given the freedom to move the resulted curve’s control points away (inwards) from the original curve up to a predefined limit. The amplitude of the vector was determined by the optimization for meeting the desired Lux criteria determined by the related function underneath the control point.

Maximum possible lighting (all apertures open fully)

Light levels after optimization process.

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Part 1 - The Volcano

Desired illuminance vectors translated as Z vectors

Polar translation vectors translated as Z vectors, derived from the calculation

Vector map representing the difference between the desired and existing light levels used for optimization

Translation amplitute of regions of effect, based on funciton needs

Radiance analysis of daylight in a verification blowup

Resulting slope after optimization

Optimized section

Rendered view from expo under optimized slope.

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Slope control points distribution

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Part 2 - The Smoke Ring 10 meters above the sloped volcano floats the top tier. Our design intention was to keep the structure as light as possible, making it appear as light as possible. The top tier is able to fit 2/3 of the full capacity of the stadium, and would be used regularly for smaller matches (up to 40,000 spectators). The stadiums operation with the top tier only would be possible with the pitch fixed on it’s upper position, allowing the expo to operate below without interruption.

Eccentricity and bending moment, right: front view, inclination

3D trusses cladded with a fabric tensile structure were selected to reduce the amount of material and weight to the minimum. The tier itself had to be made of heavy weight concrete to damp out the resonance that could have been created by the viewers cheering simultaneously, increasing the loads on the structure significantly. The trusses were twisted to give the stadium a more dynamic appearance, and were solved statically by mutual supports between the trusses in the form of tension rods. The top part of the truss uses a compressed circumference truss to harness hoop forces to dramatically decrease the truss’ deformation, The same solution was applied on the out-most segment of the truss, only this time in tension.

Leading construction concept

3D impression of truss and tier structure

The structure was tested for 8 different load cases in various combinations, taking into consideration the strong wind in the Rotterdam port area, rain and snow loads, spectators, and the load inflicted on the trusses by the tensile cladding. The tensile cladding is based on a steel cable mesh that takes most of the load inflicted by wind and rain pushing and pulling against the foil. The Foil used is uPVC, coated with a protective and reflective metallic layer. The tensile membranes are installed between the twisted 3D trusses in a sawtooth pattern so to create transparent slits in the huge mass of the stadium. To design the tensile structure form finding was used (energy relaxation algorithm) and curvature was constantly analyzed and calculated to unsure the loads would not exceed the fabric’s tensile strength.

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The design was tested and calculated using ARUP’s (Oasys) GSA finite element software package by connecting the parametric model gone in grasshopper to it.

A serious problem that needed to be solved is the drainage of rain water. The will to make the roof fly resulted in no possibility to directly drain the roof area using the normal methods. I have chosen to create a wide overlap between the roof and the skin, under which the skin is inclined upwards. The blobish roof would drain water to it’s edge, from which they would pour down on the skin, form which it would be drained directly through a unique fabric drain mounted in it’s edges.

1 2 2 3 3

1 2

fig.5.12: The sawtooth pattern of membrane connections resulting from different connection nodes, creating gaps and more curvature.

1 3

5 6 7 1

3 4

Cable mesh and support reactions. In white is an arbitrary membrane suspended from the mesh and it’s reaction forces.

1. uPVC membrane 2. Steel wire 3. Thermal weld between membranes 4. Steel bar 5. Winder 6. uPVC gutter 7. PET spring 8. Spring ‘sleeve’

1. ETFE transparent foil 2. Arched steel CHS100 3. Fixed linear foil mount 4. Open corners

3D view of membrane’s long edge

3D view of the truss and the transparent ETFE foil

1 2

1. Fixed Edge (Details A,B) 2. Cable Edge (Details D) 3. Arched 3D Truss (Chapter 2) Final design, Rmax = 33m

Skin components

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The gap created between the membranes (one side of the truss) was clad with a transparent ETFE foil, suspended by an additional steel pipe which is bent to allow the foil to have more curvature. Each ETFE pattern is triangular and supported on two sides by the truss and the third is supported by the pipe. The corners are removed to avoid difficult connections of two linear foil mounts at 45o. The Entire skin is not completely weather proof and is regarded as semi outdoor space - no part of the stadium’s top tier would be defined as interior space, but the spectators would be protected from rain (by the blimp roof) and wind (by the skin). Water dragged by wind would be blocked by this transparent foil.

Detail ‘A’ - Truss connections

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1 6 4 9 3

2 9 5 8

D A C 1 3 2 1 2 3

D 4 5

Ooo....

Elevation (partial)

1. 3D truss 3XCHS350 2. uPVC membrane on cable mesh (see detail A,C) 3. Fabric gutter (see detail B) 4. Open metal gutter channel (see detail D) 5. Metal pipe gutter connected to underground drainage

1. CHS350 main truss member 2. CHS220 secondary truss members 3. CHS180 diagonal truss bracing 4. CHS100 bent foil support 5. Ø38 intertwined steel cable 6. Cable winder 7. uPVC membrane (see detail B) 8. Fabric gutter (see detail B) 9. ETFE Foil

Plan section (partial) of skin and truss system

Detail ‘C’ - Cable mesh joint 1 2 3 4 5 6 2

1 2 3

4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 7 8 9

12 13

14 15

1. uPVC membrane 2. Cable mesh sleeve (see detail C) 3. Alternating binding cable sleeves (see 5.16) 4. Ø10 Steel binding cable 5. 40mm thermal weld 6. Ø38 intertwined steel cable 7. PET spring bar (see 5.17) 8. Fabric gutter 9. Compressed steel clamp 10. 80*8mm round edge bar 11. Ø12 Steel cable 12. Cable mount with screw winder 13. CHS350 main truss member 14. Foil clamp 15. ETFE foil

Plan section (partial) of skin membrane connection to truss

1. Ø18 bent steel bar, threaded at ends. 2. Ø38 intertwined steel cable 3. 120*50*8mm bar 4. Ø10 Steel binding cable 5. Anti-friction plate 6. 40mm thermal weld 7. uPVC membrane 8. Cable mesh sleeve (see detail C) 9. Alternating binding cable sleeves (see 5.16)

Membrane - cable - membrane connection

Section (partial) of mesh joint

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Detail ‘B’ - Fabric gutter detail

1 2 3

4 5

1. uPVC membrane 2. 80mm thermal weld 3. 2mm bent galvanized steel plate 4. Ø38 intertwined steel cable 5. 2mm bent galvanized steel cable clamp 6. Ø10 bolt, welded. 7. 2mm bent galvanized steel mount 8. 2mm neoprene layer

fig.5.49: Section through bottom edge of membrane and gutter 1/2.5@A4

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Detail ‘D’ - Bottom membrane edge

Part 3 - The Cloud In traditional stadium design, a full span roof is a huge construction effort, an even bigger effort is made if it needs to be able to open and close. The load resulting from the roof’s own weight as well as wind and snow loads over the big, column less span construction are usually carried to the skin and tier’s construction, adding significant forces that should be resisted by it. Our design found a loophole: If the roof is a self sufficient aircraft, that can hover in mid air without supports, no load is transferred and thus the construction can be far lighter. Our blimp roof at it’s final iteration is a three layered non-rigid aircraft. The blimp roof has many functions. Other then the standard functions of a roof it’s ability to fly enables to use it as a temporary roof for out door venues at any location close to the stadium. It could also be flown higher then it’s standard position to be used as a tourist attraction (vista), either as a stationary view or through a tour around the city in the balloon. The flying roof of the structure could be used also to follow the players in distant games, for moral support. Same as the skin, the shape is a result of a form finding process, only this time, the inflation has replaced the role of the prestress. The over pressure required us to use synclastic shapes

Daytime, RAISE of: -T - H2O (g) - lift capacity

for all parts that are inflated. The inflation is resisted by the fabric to an equilibrium. We have chosen to use a blimp rather then a zeppelin.

The blimp’s buoyancy is based on a system under development in the TU Berlin by a group called HeiDAS. In it’s base is the use of hot water vapor instead of Helium or Hydrogen of hot air to lift the blimp. Water vapor has about 70% of the buoyancy of Helium, and it is a much more sustainable choice. The energy used to heat the water to reach the needed 150oc comes directly from the sun, through thermal collectors located on the middle layer of the blimp, our calculations even show an extra lift power of about 517 tons, that is utilized to create electricity - the dependency on the sun creates a tidal movement we can utilize for conversion of the access lift power to electricity (fig 5.22). Even that in quantity the sum of electricity generated is not impressive by itself, (potntial of 21MWh), but it only an insignificant margin if you take into consideration that the entire aircraft is energy neutral in flight and navigation, not to mention the energy saved on the production of the construction.

transparant black opaque

2 H2O (l) -> H2O (g)

Nighttime, DROP of: -T - H2O (g) - lift capacity

Reduction of stress due to freeing the roof 4

F 5

F Mechanical Work = F*d Energy production: 55000 Wh

Daytime, RAISE of: -T - H2O (g) - lift capacity

1. Transparent ETFE layer 2. Perforated tensioned fin system 3. Thermal collectors with embedded water pipes 4. Opaque uPVC layer 5. Rigid ‘basket’, containing machines as well as VIP rooms and lounges.

Blimp schematics

3D section through the inflated the tensioned fabric fines resist the inflation

Exploded view of blimp

Nighttime, DROP of: -T - H2O (g) - lift capacity

Bouncy cycle and energy production.

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Mechanical Work = F*d Energy production: 55000 Wh

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Model

Project Description Date of presentation Tutors Status

Music and sound museum on Berwald's Axis 07/2010 Semester 9,10 of Bachelor (graduarion) Arch. Horacio Schwartz, Arch. Galia Weiser Arch. Dan Shumni, Dr. Eng. Rosa Frances. Shortlisted, Azrieli awards.

A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Metro(nome)

r HaC

State's Comptroller

Axis ald’s

arme

Hassan Shukri street

City hall square Public Garden +12.00

+12.00

t El Quia street

The design strategy was simple and quite strait forward. Instead of erecting a building, I suggested to submerge one - To dig instead of build.

Hada

Conservatorium

Due to careless planning and negligence, the monumental axis was eroded over the years and lost all its splendor.

The injured Axis, much like an injured person, needs temporary crutch to regain functionality and vitality. Therefore an array of pavilions was designed across the renewed axis to recreate the lost continuity between the public buildings along it in the city dweller’s mind. The Pavilions would host temporary exhibitions and connect the street to the museum.

City Hall

Parking lot entrance

That same terrace is also a barrier, disconnecting Hadar neighborhood from Wadi Salib and downtown Haifa by a massive 20 meter high support wall.

* Pavilions along the axis

In this way the plot becomes a functional roof area which remains in the public realm, creating the missing connection to down town Haifa. A street was created following the gradual decent from the city hall into the Wadi. The new facades allows people to peek into the underground museum as well as enter it and it’s adjacent functions. The roof is the new street level, which doubles as an urban park and hosts a verity of meeting places and outdoor theater.

Berw

The context in which the building is situated is unique; A large urban terrace in front of the city hall with a wonderful view to Haifa’s port.

Public Building across the axis: 1. Science Museum (Technion) 2. Fund’s Hall (Beth HaKranot) 3. The State Comptroller 4. City Hall 5. Municipality Planning Comity 6. Old City Operator (abandoned) 7. Music Museum (proposed) 8. Ministry of internal affairs (abandoned) 9. Museum of Tolerance (Classmate’s proposal) 10. New Haifa Court 11. El Pasha Theater

Conservatorium Square +6.00

Large Theater

Stage Museum Square +53.00 = 0.00

Play and interaction roof +10.00

Lishquat Gius Square +5.00

ridge

ical B

Mus

Museum Roof +9.00

Public Garden +6.00

Public Garden +1.00

Small Theater -6.00 Shiva

t Tzio

Wadi Square -7.00

n Stre

Terrace +9.00 Phone operator

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Urban Scheme

Erosion of Berwald’s axis

Wadi

Salib

Roof Plan

Existing garden facing north towards the Haifa seaport Slicing the plot Exposing new street facades Piercing thought the museum to create pavilions Pulling city hall square and urban terrace

Intervention Scheme

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Site and Context

Music and architecture are two fields in which chaos is put in order. Music is an ordered form of sound, while architecture is an ordered form of space. Cosmos, or order, is a defined part of chaos, and is contained within it. While on the other hand, chaos is composed of a large number of superimposed orders. The clash of chaos and cosmos is evident in the urban environment selected for the museum. Hadar HaCarmel is a modernist neighborhood built in the early 20th century under British mandate. This prime example of rational and ordered architecture is in immediate proximity to Wadi Salib – an older, vernacular neighborhood, built without modern constraints and thus appear chaotic.

Street Level View

Concept Diagram

Site Diagram

Section AA

Flow Diagram

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Music and Architecture

The museum follows the logic of the relationship between sound and music, and is divided to two parts that form a loop: The chaotic part - a large, expressive space in which the visitors would experience sound and its physical properties, and suspended orthogonal boxes in which the visitors would learn and experience music. The museum was designed is a way that would integrate the two different entities, Hadar and the Wadi, into a single composition - an ordered top part and a chaotic bottom, with a constant visual and auditory connection between them.

Display Pavilion

Shading Pavilion Urban Playground Café Pavilion Back glass facade Musical bridge Terrace City Hall’s square

Conservatorium

Re-use of Ministry of internal affairs

Public garden

Interpretations of music and sound were also integrated in the dynamic façade, the bridge, the construction and lighting fixtures. The project explores the relationships between the repetitive to the random, rhythm and city, as well as music to light.

Temporary Display at a Pavilion Entrance to museum Outdoor theater

Workshop space Auditory Library Museum shop Music exhibition space Bottom entrance Small outdoor theater

Museum square

Schematic Section Of Pavilion

Exonometric view

Music Gallery Exhibition Space

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The Museum

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5 2

9 1

6 11 15

13 14

Floor Plan +6.00

Floor Plan 0.00

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Sound Gallery Exhibition Space

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Drainage detail

Section DD

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Models

Interior Scheme Model 1:250

Model 1:250

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Model 1:50

Project description Date of presentation Tutors Costruction Design team

1:1 Desgin and fabrication of a facade element 1/2011 Semester 1 of Master's Ir. Arch. Peter van Swieten Ir. Andrew Borgart Nick Veerman, Itai Cohen

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Tentative: Innovative Facade Prototype

The Design

During the first semester of the Building Technology and Architectural Engineering Master’s tracks students are required to follow a 1:1 scale facade design and fabrication curriculum, nicknamed ‘Bucky Lab’ - after buckminster Fuller who experimented in full scale with innovative prototypes.

The programme given was to design an innovative facade for a cube-shaped office building. Since many office buildings built in the 70’s are vacant in the Netherlands, instead of designing a new building, we have decided to develop a retrofit facade that would improve the envelope performance in the cold climate.

The task is to design an innovative facade element and fabricate it. The design studio is supported by advanced structural mechanics, material science, CAD and workshop classes.

The facade had to be easy to apply and install, weighting as little as possible and allow a comfortable work environment to the inhabitants, with out-side view.

Each pair of students chooses a topic, research into it and develop a set of tools with which they would be able to eventually fabricate a full scale prototype of the design.

In order to achieve these goals, the construction method with the best ratio between span and material was chosen- fabric tensile structures.

Unlike most student projects, this project was constraint by a budget clause, and each team had to stay within the 250 euro limit set by the faculty.

Pressurized layer

Window

Using the double facade principal with fabric would ensure high insolation while maintaining high relative transparency and low weight. The ‘Tentative’ facade consists of two layers. The external skin is a translucent PVC foil constructive skin, resisting the wind load as well as holding the cylindrical window element in place, and an inner layer which is made of transparent latex which is pressurized via an air duct which is embedded in the top and bottom rubber mounting strips.

Rubber gasket

For the prototype production the main focus was on the tensile foil as well as the window module.

Section

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Background

The window module, which also function as the facade’s package before installation, is made of a perforated steel sheet, bent into a cylinder, symmetrically trimmed on both sides. Other then for ventilation, the tube acts as a compressed member, transferring loads from one membrane to the other, allowing for the pretension stresses to cancel each other. Between modules a 300mm wide light aluminum truss would be placed and two perpendicular trusses in the building’s concerns. For aesthetic diversity, modules could be rotated and flipped to create a non repetitive facede, if desired.

In order to calculate the shape of the membranes, their patterns and the forces that act upon them, special software from the tensile structures world had to be utilized. The first phase was to create the constraints and let a relaxation algorithm workout the soap-skin shape the membranes would take. Then, material properties are applied, curvature is analyzed and load cases are defined.

Load cases combined: displacements

Load cases combined: displaced shape

Load cases combined: Support reactions

Load cases combined: Sx

Load cases combined: Sy

Load cases combined: principle stresses

Load cases combined: second principle stresses

Load cases combined: direction principle stresses

The process takes several iterations for the shape and prestress levels to get to acceptable stresses and deformations in the membrane.

Relaxed mesh and window

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Static calculations

Prototype - Shop drawings

I. Facade arrives packed inside the assembled window module from the factory. II. Unpacking components at construction floor. III. Connecting rubber gaskets and screwing it to the floor, Installing foil on the edges of the window module on both sides. IV. Using a dedicated hoist/winder, temporary holding window in place while mounting the foil on the rubber gasket. Exterior side first. V. Tensioning window module manually by winching the winder to apply the needed prestress.

After an abstraction of the design and some material studies, a set of construction drawings was prepared and submitted for review.

III

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Assembly process

Do to budget constraints, the constructed model was 2/3 or the designed product.

Prototype Constru

PROJECT

TentativeTensile Facade prototype

Course:

Bucky Lab - Design AR1AE015

DRAWN BY

Nick Veerman Itai Cohen

ISSUE

01.01.2011

DESCRIPTION

Sheet Description

1800.0 mm 1027.1 mm

369.0 mm

65.4 mm

Fr 01

410.5 mm

Nick Veerman Student number: 1353381

Cy 01

Nick Veerman Student number: 1353381 Frame Connection Detail Scale: 1:1

Membrane

730.2 mm

Feame

Fr 01

Itay Cohen Student number: 4118952

Instructor:

Peter Van Swieten

Course:

Bucky Lab - Design AR1AE015

Course:

1800 mm

Cylinder

Bucky Lab - Design AR1AE015

PROJECT

Tentative - Tensile Facede

PROJECT

Tentative - Tensile Facede Cylinder Connection Detail Scale: 1:1

Cy 01

DRAWN BY

N. Veerman I. Cohen

DRAWN BY

N. Veerman I. Cohen

1073.7 mm

ISSUE

01.01.11

ISSUE

01.01.11

RE-ISSUE

DESCRIPTION

Front and side views 1:10

Feet

235.5 mm

772.9 mm

844.5 mm

0.1

Section 1:10 Connection Details 1:1

0.2

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Faculy of Architecture, Urbanisem and Building Technology. Delft, Netherlands

Fr 03

1.5

1.5 mm Steel Plate

135 °

Section A 150

scale: 1:1

Nick Veerman Student number: 1353381

Itay Cohen Student number: 4118952

50.0 mm

Instructor:

Peter Van Swieten

120.0

150 mm

150

600

Peter Van Swieten

Type A

Instructor:

External Cylinder See Cy01

1800.0

150

50.0 mm

150 mm

Itay Cohen Student number: 4118952

75 mm

L50*50*6 *4

Internal Cylinder See Cy01

30 50 mm

150

Nick Veerman Student number: 1353381

Type B

600 mm

M5 Bolt, Welded See Fr01

6MM Stainless Steel Round bar

Faculy of Architecture, Urbanisem and Building Technology. Delft, Netherlands

~11

Faculy of Architecture, Urbanisem and Building Technology. Delft, Netherlands

Frame External Clamp See Fr02

Course:

Bucky Lab - Design AR1AE015

150 mm

PROJECT

15.0 mm

DRAWN BY

N. Veerman I. Cohen ISSUE

01.01.11

RE-ISSUE

Type B

ISSUE

600 mm

M8 Bolt, Welded See Fr01

N. Veerman I. Cohen

Tentative - Tensile Facede

12mm Drill Type A

DRAWN BY

PROJECT

1.5 mm Steel Plate

01.01.11

Top View

scale: 1:5

Cylinder Clamp See Cy01

Tentative - Tensile Facede

Type B

Membrane See Me01

RE-ISSUE

12.5 mm

150

M8 Nut

DESCRIPTION

Exploded axonometry

Feet See Fr01

Top View

0.3

scale: 1:10

Frame clamp. Perstective, top, and side views. 1:10, 1:5, 1:1

Diagonal cut

45°

~11

DESCRIPTION

Side View Type B scale: 1:1

Perspective

0.4

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Frame Clamp Detail

M5 Nut

Cylinder and covers parts

Frame Clamp Detail

Faculy of Architecture, Urbanisem and Building Technology. Delft, Netherlands

Nick Veerman Student number: 1353381

Itay Cohen Student number: 4118952

Instructor:

Peter Van Swieten

Course:

Bucky Lab - Design AR1AE015

PROJECT

DRAWN BY

1250.0 A

8.0

100.0

150.0

200.0

100.0

12mm Drill

200

45°

Tentative - Tensile Facede

N. Veerman I. Cohen

Weld 200.0 mm 70.0

60.0

ISSUE

01.01.11

RE-ISSUE

DESCRIPTION

Feet Detail. Perstective, top, side and front views. 1:5

Unfolded cylinders and covers

70.0

200*50*8

80.0

40.0

200.0

200*50*8

248.0

Weld

U 80*40*3.5

Tentative - Tensile Facede

0.5

0.6

A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Fr 03

Cy 02

Fixing Rod Faculy of Architecture, Urbanisem and Building Technology. Delft, Netherlands

Small Rubber Cover

M5 Bplt

Cover: 1.5 Preforated metal sheet

Rubber Cover

Protective Cover

Nick Veerman Student number: 1353381

Itay Cohen Student number: 4118952

custom made clapm (Cl03)

Instructor:

Peter Van Swieten Cilynder Clamp Detail

Cylinder: 1.5 Preforated metal sheet

Membrane

Course:

Bucky Lab - Design AR1AE015

Cy 03

80.0 mm

R=6mm

Fillet Edge R=~3

10.0 mm

Itay Cohen Student number: 4118952

Instructor:

Peter Van Swieten Course:

Bucky Lab - Design AR1AE015

PROJECT

DRAWN BY

N. Veerman I. Cohen

ISSUE

Tentative - Tensile Facede

01.01.11

RE-ISSUE

DESCRIPTION

Cylinder rim detail Perspective, perspective section, top and side views. 1:1 ~ 3.0 mm

Nick Veerman Student number: 1353381

PROJECT

Tentative - Tensile Facede

50.0 mm

Faculy of Architecture, Urbanisem and Building Technology. Delft, Netherlands

0.7

Patterns layout and order

0.8

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Cyliner Connection Detail

Final prototype

1:1 segment studies: window rim segment

1:1 segment studies: frame segment

Foil pattern arrangement

Foil pattern cutting

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Prototype - Fabrication

A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Foil Pattern welding

Frame and stand fabrication

A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Cylinder preparation

Mounting the foil on the frame

Project Description Date of presentation Tutors Costruction

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Mt. Carmel National Park Visitors Center

Design of a visitor center for the Mt. Carmel National Park 2/2008 5th semester Arch. Yoram Popper, Arch. Michael Budowski, Arch. Dan Shumni Dr. Rosa Frances

The site is located on the Israeli coastal plane, about 10 Kilometers from the city of Haifa. Located near a junction between interstate no. 4 to Tel-Aviv and a beautiful road climbing up the mountain, the site contains the bank of Nahal Oren, a small water stream which is dry most of the year, but can cause floods during heavy rains. The site also features at present an improvised parking lot, a small information post and a picnic area. The site is popular, and used especially during weekends and holidays by families wishing to spend some time in the open, enjoy a picnic and/or follow one of the many nearby trails.

Programme

The project’s aim was to design a visitor center that would function as a gateway and information post for the users of the site and the entire mt. Carmel natural reserve and natural park. The exact site of the building was not given, and each student had to place the building in the place they thought was most suitable. The building programme was as follows;

• • • • • • • •

A 150 m² entrance hall (including: information desk, environmental display area, staff room and toilets) A 150 m² cafeteria/restaurant area A 150 m² auditorium 3 x 50 m² classes 200 m² display area 150 m² library 100 m² store (for maps, books and accessories) Several Gathering places for groups

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Site and Context

Design Concepts 1. The Building as a Passage The building acts as a Passage. It’s built around the existing path, not interfering with it. The rock and gravel path acts as the ground floor. The first door the visitor goes through is at the entrance to each of the functions 2. Emphasizing Contrast The building is planned as a ’foreign object’, different to nature. The design tries (using materials and morphology) to contrast with nature rather than blend into it. The design should have a mechanical appearance, to emphasize that it is a man made object that was placed in nature. 3. Disintegratable Building I believe buildings shouldn’t last forever, especially when building next to nature. Most of my design consists of easily assembled and disassembled parts. All my connections are bolted (not welded) thus providing the ability to easily take the building apart. After taking the building apart, the only remains on the site would be several foundation concrete tops, 15cm in height. 4. Modular Building As a disintegratable building it should also be flexible enough for programmatic changes; addition or subtraction of functions as well as changes in function locations. The building is built on a fixed regular grid, on which modules can be mounted. The building is designed to use as few kinds of parts as possible. Most parts have several functions. 5. Minimal Footprint In order to cause as little damage as possible to the surroundings, the building is floating over the column grid. The building doesn’t change the neutral water flow pattern or the terrain.

Existing hiking path leading form the improvised parking lot (A) to the picnic area (C). B is a small plateau that the path crosses. This is the site I picked for the building.

6. Indoor / Outdoor The building is designed not to give a clear definition of interior space or exterior space.

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Site Plan

Plans

Strea

m ba

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Functions: 01 Auditorium 02 Library / information post 03 Classroom 04 Cafeteria 05 Staff room 06 Toilet 07 Hall / Lobby 08 Patio and sculpture garden 09 Untamed nature

01 A

F G

ist

Details: A Louvered Roof B Transparent PC roof with vanes C Transparent PC façade with internal cladding D Opening façade modules E Bracing F Terce G Ramp H Leveling with gravel I Timber poles J Sculptures

ing

H I

I J

05 G

10m

+1.00 Plan

+4.40 Plan / Roof Plan

A E

02 C

03 09

North façade Functions: 01 Auditorium 02 Library / information post 03 Classroom 04 Cafeteria 05 Staff room 06 Toilet 07 Hall / Lobby 08 Patio and sculpture garden 09 Untamed nature Details: A Louvered Roof B Transparent PC roof with vanes C Transparent PC façade with internal cladding D Opening façade modules E Bracing 0

2.5m

View from north-west

B A

Stream bank

West façade

East façade

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Façades

Section A-A

Assembly axonometric

Section A-A - construction

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Construction documents

In order to cause as little damage to the rock surface upon which the building is built, most of the building “rests” on small concrete podiums (A type columns). On several locations, where the weight on a particular column is especially heavy a narrow and deep foundation is cast underneath the concrete podium (B type columns). The rest of the columns are connected to the bracing system, and transfer vertical forces to the ground (C type columns)

Type A Type B Type C

Constructive members Bracing system

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Details - Columns

01 Thermal PC roof 02 Heat extracting vanes 03 Electric rolling blinds 04 Air conditioning 05 RHS200 beam 06 North faced fixed louvers 07 2 RHS200 beams 08 T profile 09 Recycled rubber tile 10 Corrugated steel sheets 11 Neon lighting fixtures 12 OSB cladding 13 Opening module 14 Column 15 Foot

09 Floor system: 01 Stainless steel screws 02 Recycled rubber tile 03 Steel plate 04 L50x50 frame 05 12mm steel rod 06 5mm steel plate 07 Corrugated steel sheets

Partial plan 02 01

03 04 06

02 03 07

04 13

05 06 07

14 Fixed

Opening

Curtain wall detailed plan

Typical Section

Floor and wall details

Wall system: A Full module B Half transparent module C Opening module

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Many thought was given to the wall, roof and floor systems on this project, since they are the mediators between indoor space and the nature outside. I believe that in the given context, the building should give a variety of situations that define space and its closure on the scale from outdoor to indoor. The louvered roof defines space by providing shade, then sections of floor are added and only then come the walls, that differ in their level of transparency. Since the site is located in a west faced valley by the sea, it has great breeze all year long, which is a rare advantage in the hot and humid Mediterranean climate. The openings in the walls are important for both blurring the boundary between in and out, but also allow the breeze to enter and save energy spent on cooling. I wanted to allow the Façades to literally open up. The basic facade module is made of an external transparent PC thermal extrusion, followed by recycled OSB cladding. They are supported by ‘T’ shaped profiles, that are mounted to the floor and ceiling RHS beams. The opening system is composed of two engines and gear shafts per module, separately pulling both curtain systems upward. The PC envelope folds outwards and shades the opening, while the interior cladding folds inwards, leaving its lower part fixed as a safety rail. The floor is mounted on corrugated steel sheets, supported by the dual RHS200 steel beams. The tiles are made of a shredded tires rubber cast, offering a good acoustic absorbing anti-drum surface. As the building is disintegratable, all connections are temporarily bolted and can be easily dismantled.

Details - Floor and wall systems

E C

01 02

Wall Section

A External hollow PC 40mm extrusion. Weather sealed. B Internal OSB cladding C Motor D T140 profile E 2xRHS200 beams Openings System: The external PC envelope lifts and folds at three points, enabling the wall to open and provide shade. The internal cladding lifts in the same manner inwards, starting at a height of 120cm, thus leaving a fixed safety rail.

07 04

B 06 E 05

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East façade

01 Fixed louvered roof 02 ‘+’ Shaped column 03 Staff room 04 Cafeteria 05 Cafeteria Ramp 06 ‘X’ Bracing 07 Shell Opening

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Sketches

Project Description Date of presentation Tutors Design Team: Status:

Competition entry for the Jerusalem Seminar of architecture 2/2009 7th semester Arch. Eyal Malka, Industrial Designer Yair Engel Orith Fish, Itai Cohen 2nd Prize winner

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LOTUS - Sustainable Mobile Market Stall

The Product 3 2 7 1 4 5 6 7 Side

8 2 7 1 6 4 3 7 5 Top

9 10

1.0 Pole 1.1 Tube connector 2.0 Pole extender 3.0 Canopy 4.0 Central Hub 4.1 Fixed replaceable ring 4.2 Axis 4.3 Bolt 4.4 Hub connector 4.5 Rubber top 5.0 Central Tube 6.0 Petals 6.1 Reinforcement belt 6.2 Nylon net cell bottom 6.3 Fabric sleeve 7.0 Belt 7.1 Buckle 7.2 Lower belt connections 7.3 End of belt 8.0 Pin connector 8.1 Fabric – tube double connection 9.0 Leg 10 Feet

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Concepts

A. Folded for transport: the stand contains all components for its assembly. B. Unfolded: the extension, the tubes, and petals are separated C. Using belts: legs are tensioned into a stable form. D. Assembling the extension: the canopy remains unopened. E. Slipping on the petals: the fabric is attached to the tubes. F. Opening the Petals: the fabric tightens and locks the cells to place G. Extending the canopy: by separating the poles the fabric is tensioned. H. Stabilizing the structure: by fastening the belts, the stand is ready for use.

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Assembly

1.0 Pole 1.1 Tube connector 2.0 Pole extender 3.0 Canopy 4.0 Central Hub 4.1 Fixed replaceable ring 4.2 Axis 4.3 Bolt 4.4 Hub connector 4.5 Rubber top 5.0 Central Tube 6.0 Petals

6.1 Reinforcement belt 6.2 Nylon net cell bottom 6.3 Fabric sleeve 7.0 Belt 7.1 Buckle 7.2 er belt connections 7.3 End of belt 8.0 Pin connector 8.1 Fabric – tube double connection 9.0 Leg 10 Feet

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Details

LOTUS

In Context

LOTUS

elaborate energy conversion methods,elaborate no groundbreaking energy conversion technologies elaborate methods, and energy no noextreme groundbreaking conversion changes methods, technologies no groundbreaking and no extreme technologies changes and no extreme changes

The project wasWe constructed according to the ‘3R’ principals for sustainable design: Reduce, Reuse and in the users habits. wish to create in a simple the users design, habits. using We well wish in known the to create users technologies ahabits. simple We design, -wish Existing to using create wella known simple design, technologies using -well Existing known technologies - Existing connectors by Creative Construction©, connectors Aluminum by extrusions Creative Construction©, connectors and hikingbyequipment Aluminum Creative Construction©, fabric extrusions andAluminum hiking equipment extrusions fabric and hiking equipment fabric Recycle. technologies. These would allow easy production, technologies. operating These would andtechnologies. maintenance allow easy production, These for fabricators would operating allow and easy andproduction, maintenance operating for fabricators and maintenance and for fabricators and users everywhere. users everywhere. users everywhere.

Reduce

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The stand it mainly made of Aluminum, which Recycle is 100% recyclable, and its recycling process is Recycle Recycle The relatively stand it mainly made of Aluminum, The being stand 100% it mainly madewidely The of and Aluminum, stand its recycling it mainly being process made 100%of isrecyclable, Aluminum, and being itscan recycling 100% process isand its recycling process is environmentally safe. Since itrecyclable, is very spread, recycled Aluminum be recyclable, found relatively environmentally safe. Since relatively it is veryenvironmentally widely recycled safe.transporting Since environmentally Aluminum it is veryraw can widely be safe.spread, Sincerecycled it is veryAluminum widely spread, can be recycled Aluminum can be almost everywhere, thus eliminating the spread, need relatively for material. found almost everywhere, thus eliminating foundthe almost needeverywhere, for transporting found thus raw eliminating almost material. everywhere, the need thus for transporting eliminating raw the material. need for transporting raw material. Material selection: Material selection: Material selection: Material selection: Every material has its advantages and Every disadvantages. material has In order its advantages toEvery selectmaterial the andbest disadvantages. has material its advantages to In use, order and todisadvantages. select the bestIn material order to toselect use, the best material to use, Every material has its advantages anda large disadvantages. Inand order tofor select the best material to use, we’ve weʼve compiled a table of pros and cons weʼveforcompiled number a table ofweʼve pros materials compiled cons (the final a table aselection large of pros number is and of cons materials for a large (the number final selection of materials is (the final selection is compiled a table of pros and for large number of on materials (the final is described on for theits was Aluminum, for its described on the circular graph on cons poster described no. a1) on the thematerial circular described selected graph was on poster the Aluminum, no. circular 1) the for graph material itsselection on poster selected no. was 1) the Aluminum, material selected circular graph on no. 1)relative the material selected was Aluminum, for relative durability, low volume to relative durability, lowposter volume to weight ratio and durability, low maintenance low volume relative abilities. to weight durability, ratiolow andvolume lowits maintenance to weight ratio abilities. and low maintenance abilities. weight Figure A: ratio and low maintenance Figure A: Figure A: abilities.

= LOTUS

= 3 laptops and a soda

LOTUS

= = 3 laptops and a soda half aLOTUS Beetle

= 3 laptops and a soda half a Beetle

half a Beetle

The LOTUS LOTUS stand should weight approximately Theapproximately LOTUS11.6 stand Kgshould (2611.6 pounds), weight TheKg LOTUS about approximately stand the same should 11.6 asweight three Kg (26 approximately pounds), about 11.6 theKglaptop same (26 pounds), as three about the same as three The stand should weight (26 pounds), about the same as three laptop computers and a soda can. Its folded laptoplength computers is 158and cma(5ʼ2 soda laptop feet), can.about computers Its folded half the length andlength a soda is 158 ofcan. acmIts (5ʼ2 folded feet),length about half is 158 the cm length (5ʼ2 feet), of a about half the length of a computers and a soda can. Its VW folded length is 158 VW cmBeetle. (5’2 feet), about half the length of a VW Beetle. VW Beetle. Beetle.

A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Our approach to sustainable design is about keeping things simple. No tricky mechanisms, no elaborate energy conversion methods, no ground breaking technologies and no extreme changes in the users habits. We wish to create a simple design, using well known technologies: Existing connectors by Creative mobile market stand sustainable mobile market sustainable stand mobile market Construction©, sustainable Aluminum extrusions and hiking equipment fabric technologies. Thesestand would allow easy production, operating and maintenance for fabricators and users everywhere. Our approach to sustainable design isOur about approach keeping to things sustainable simple. Ourdesign approach No tricky is about to mechanisms, sustainable keeping things no designsimple. is about Nokeeping tricky mechanisms, things simple. noNo tricky mechanisms, no

Project Description Date of presentation Programming: Status:

Competition entry for Beth Hatefutsoth Museum of Jewish Diaspora 1/2008 Ariel Gutman 1st Prize winner Due to lack of funding, it has not been built, bar the prototypes of lighting system and computer program

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Community V2.0 - Temporary Exhibition at Beth Hatefutsoth Museum

- Quoted from the museums web site.

Beth Hatefutsoth, or “The House of Diaspora” is a museum which tells the story of the Jewish people since it’s forming and until the present days. Located at the Tel Aviv University’s campus, the museum is one of the most famous museums in Israel, and receives a large amount of visitors annually. When opened, in the late 1970’s, it was considered to be at the cutting edge of audio-visual installations and exhibitions. Beth Hatefutsoth is a museum without any originals, it represents its story with models and audio-visual presentations and installations. The museum also provides a very detailed Genealogy database, allowing visitors to find their relatives and family tree. For farther information: http://www.bh.org.il/

During the last several years, the museum has been undergoing many renovations and modifications of both the exhibitions and museum’s structures. A new 3 story wing was built, but only its first floor is opened to the public due to a lack of funding. A glazed elevator on steel construction would connect the 3 stories. Since the top 2 stories are bound to be closed for the next 5 years or so, the museum decided to initiate a competition for the design of the existing elevator shaft (the shaft and steel construction were built without the elevator itself). The winning installation would be temporarily set in that space, until the museum would open the top floors. The following installation won the competition on January 2008, but unfortunately the museum was unable to fund it, thus it was never built.

The New wing

Ground Floor Plan 01 02 03 04 05

“Beth Hatefutsoth, the Museum of the Jewish People, tells the unique and ongoing story of the Jewish People, a People among nations, and describes the special bond between the Jewish People and Israel. The museum presents thousands of years of a flourishing, multifaceted culture, bringing to life the unity that underlies the diversity of the Jewish civilization. The story of the Jewish people is told through the permanent exhibition – now going through a process of renewal – as well as through temporary exhibitions, educational activities, and rich digital database resources of Jewish genealogy, family names, communities, photographs, films, and Jewish music.”

Entrance 24 hour Cafe Exhibitions Auditorium Elevator Shaft 5m

10m

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Background: The Museum

Today, Beth Hatefutsoth speaks mainly of the past. Its main display is the “remembrances shaft” a three stories high dramatic space, dedicated to those who died during the holocaust in Europe. The museums main theme and concern is the perpetuation of Jewish communities, existing and extinct, around the world. The place is both physically and emotionally disconnected form the present. It has failed to preserve its spirit of innovation through the years. What was once considered cutting edge is now obsolete. If the museum desires to attract and make the current generation feel connected to its exhibitions, it would have to evolve in content and concept. I felt the museum is so invested in the past, that there’s very little focus on present communities and absolutely none to future communities that may evolve. In order to help them, I had to find out what makes a community, and how does a contemporary community look like.

What does a community looks like today? In recent years the world is undergoing a major communications revolution. The word “community” has extended its meaning, and now applies to many new ways to bring people together. Communities are no longer bounded to a single physical location, and can occur and be maintained from afar. The internet in general and the social network applications in particular allow people to better communicate and create or maintain communities. These communities revolve around many aspects of life, one of them is religion. Many virtual communities are defined by their participants religion. These communities allow people to share pictures, thoughts and ideas. There are many platforms that allow these kinds of communication such as Facebook, Myspace, Orkut and more. Before the internet, the synagog was the only communal meeting place, but now, there’s a new alternative

The new communities are based upon computer communication in social networks. The most common of them is facebook. The ‘Israel’ network on facebook, is growing by several thousands per month. In traditional communities as well as in virtual ones, people unite through commons: interests, location and of course – religion. If you type the word ‘Jew’ in the facebook database search field, you would find hundreds of groups, united by their religion. For instance; The Jews of Lebanon, 6,000,000 Jews – Memorial Group, I bet I can find 1,000,000 Jews, Kiss me I’m Jewish, And hundreds more.

Concepts

03 This graph is a generative computer visualization of my social networks, as recorded by Facebook’s Servers. Each dot represent a friend of mine, and the lines are stretched between persons who are friends with each other as well as with me. This graph can provide us with plenty of information. For example, the circular cluster (01) represents friends form my compulsory military service, where everybody knows each other - most friends are common since we lived together very closely and intensively. While in contrast, the more eccentric clusters represent friends form my academic studies (02) and high school (03). You can easily see that there are far less common friends and these communities are not as dense.

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Analysis

How does it work?

01 02 04

Partial plan

I proposed to connect Beth Hatefutsoth to a social network, allowing people to express their link to Judaism. By connecting Beth Hatefutsoth to the “Facebook” database, the exhibition could show schematically how many people that signed up are currently on-line, thus engaging in communal activity at every single moment. The installation consists of a special mesh of high power lamps, showing the percentage of people on-line, an internet application that is integrated with the facebook database, a large monitor – sunken under glass floor, showing pictures of facebook users with their friends and an internet camera transmitting live video of Beth Hatefutsoth to the internet. Visitors to Beth Hatefutsoth would see the ever changing light mesh from a far, upon approach; they would notice the glass floor and the monitor. When they would step on the glass floor they would reach the exhibit’s climax: they would see the pictures on the monitor and the light mesh reflecting on the glass floor.

04 01

First floor

Enterance level

02 01 Spacial stainless steel mesh, Fixed with 3 watt RGB LED lights 02 Computer monitor mounted under glass floor 03 Web camera mounted on top of the shaft 04 RHS construction (existing)

Section through shaft

Users install the Community V2.0 application on their facebook profile page. II The server, located in the museum, consistently monitors the amount of users logged-in and their location on earth. III The server calculates the percentage of users that are online out of the total amount of people that installed the application. IV Electronic signals are sent to the color LED mesh by the server, enabling it to display using it’s 4000 emitters the relative number of people that are currently online. As the amount of emitters represents the number of users, the hue represents the user’s location by continent. V The Server locates pictures with two tagged people or more, and shows them on the sunken monitor VI A web camera captures the space around the installation, and broadcasts it back to the users profile page I

Night view

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The Proposal

The monitor, seen through the glass floor, while reflecting the installation’s full hight

Status: Unfortunately, after winning the competition, it became clear that the museum could not afford to build the installation. For several months the museum’s staff and I tried to find sponsors and donors in vain. At the same time, I was in touch with several companies that could build that project. We’ve built a lighting fixture prototype, and tested it on site. In addition, a working prototype for the facebook application was programed and tested.

Day view

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Initial sketch

Project Description

View from the reception hall to the protest square

Date of presentation Tutors Design team

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Israel Prime-Minister’s Residence

Protest project to contrast official design for the Prime Minister's residence and headquarters. Initiated by me. 7/2009 8th semester Arch. Baruch Baruch, Arch. Irit Tzaraf Netanyahu, Arch. Liran Chechik Boaz Dimand, Itai Cohen

Context 16

03 02

15 Carmi’s Proposal

On January 2009 the plans for the construction of the new prime-minister’s official residence and headquarters were presented to the public. The design was done by Ram Carmi, after winning a closed competition. Carmi is one of Israel’s most influential architects; he has designed many public and government buildings, including the Israeli supreme court. The building suffered unprecedented criticism among colleagues as well as by the general public. Most of it revolved around the lack of relation to its context, its shape and its design. But most of all it drew public attention for it’s budget estimate: around 650 million NIS - the equivalent of 125 million Euro. Carmi’s proposal, being monumental and oddly shaped, was severely critiqued and even ridiculed by many newspapers, architects and the general public. Israeli architects resented the fact that the design competition was open only to a few well established architectural firms, and not an anonymous open and public competition. However, none of the critics offered any alternative other than canceling the project.

Project Presentation

When the design was published, I was about to begin my 8th semester, tutored by arch. Baruch Baruch, head of the department of Architecture. As the subject was brought to the limelight and thoroughly discussed by architects, I came up with an idea to make a studio in relation to that debate: to take the original competition’s programme and site, and design alternatives to Carmi’s design. Fortunately, the head of the department and my classmates were thrilled with the idea, and thus this studio project was born. The project’s final presentation fascinated many architects that came as guests, and was held in a very wide and honored forum. I am currently working on organizing a public exhibition in a gallery in Tel Aviv, as well as an online presentation. The project was very challenging, as in addition to being an extremely complicated building to design in terms of movement axis, security separations and the extremely large scale of the building (30,000m2), it had to have symbolic meaning and represent the way we as architects believe that a building with such importance should represent.

The site is located in Jerusalem’s government district, in which many of the nation’s most important facilities and building are set, such as the congress hall (“Knesset”) the supreme court, the office of foreign affairs, the treasury etc. To it’s south lays the museum boulevard, which is where several important museum are set, such as Israel Museum, the Science museum, the hall of the book etc. To the site’s east is the Hebrew University of Jerusalem’s campus. On the site’s east is an neighborhood built in the 1950’s and to it’s west is an older neighborhood. On it’s north is an international convention center, and a new neighborhood under construction. Most of the area is an open park

08 04

02 10 B

01 Knesset 02 Supreme court 03 Intervention site 04 University campus 05 Museum boulevard 06 ‘Crown Plaza’ hotel tower 07 ‘ICC’ convention center 08 Office of foreign affairs 09 Underground parking lot 10 The ‘Rose Garden’ park 11 Sacker park 12 Planned neighborhood 13 ‘Yemin Moshe’ neighborhood 14 ‘Nachlaot’ neighborhood 15 ‘Beit Hakerem’ neighborhood 16 ‘Rommema’ neighborhood A Ceremonial axis B Cultural axis C Connection to ‘Rommema’ neighborhood D Connection between the axis, as part of our proposal Proposed design Axis Existing buildings Planned buildings

0.5km

1km

Nolli’s map of Jerusalem’s government district - existing

The context, or rather lack of it, was a major design problem. The site is completely isolated, surrounded by highways. The only pedestrian traffic comes from the ceremonial axis, connecting the Knesset, the supreme court and the PM’s residence. The planned connection to the museum boulevard via the site to the convention center could also be a source of traffic.

0.25km

0.5km

Existing, planned and suggested plan of the government district

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Background and Motivation

A Hebrew typographic conceptual section of the project

Offices

Residence

It came to our knowledge, that the National Library has grown beyond it’s capacity Park Park Park Park Park and is looking for a new location, in the government district in Jerusalem. We thought of joining the two functions together; the Prime Minister’s official residence would also be the National Library. The National Library is both an ordinary reference library, but it’s also the largest archive in the state of Israel. It holds two copies of every book or magazine ever published in Israel, and some rare collections including Albert Einstein’s writings. The entire cultural history of Israel is stored there, represented in the books that were published along the years. It has a sum of about 8 million books and the number is constantly growing. We believe that history and culture are the roots upon which every society grows from, therefore it would be an appropriate site to set the foundations for the official residence of the prime minister

During our design process, we had five key principles:

Transparency: The residence should be a symbol of democracy, and as such, it should be transparent and allow as much access as possible to the public, either by enabling the public to enter or to watch. 1.

A place for civic protest: Another aspect of democracy we wanted to emphasize is the right to protest and criticize. The most important public place in our project is the ‘Protest Square’, located at the center of the headquarters, facing the Prime Minister’s office and reception hall.

The place belongs to the public: As the entire complex is built out of the taxpayers money, it should be able to provide the most to the public. The majority of the site in our design is an open park, accessible to all.

Creating a modest building: As oppose to Carmi’s proposal, that was monumental and introverted, we wanted the building to reflect modesty and accessibility. The visitor should never feel frightened by the power that it represents while, on the other hand, the building should also portray stability and reassure the visitor’s trust in the government. We gave much thought to the delicate balance between the two.

Sustainability: The building should give a prime example of how buildings should be built. By creating double Façades with external shading, we were able to allow transparency and avoid the sun’s radiation. A large portion of the building’s envelope is underground, thus less effected by the surrounding heat. The flat roofs are used for photo-voltaic cells and the buildings are ventilated by pressure differences via the towers.

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Design Concepts

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Process

1/500 Model

Accessible to the public

Pedestrian axis

Motorized transportation

Building uses

Civilian vehicles Authorized vehicles

Public service facilities Prime Minister’s headquarters Non-public serving facilities Prime-minister’s residence

Entrances

Vertical Movement

Horizontal Movement

Cover

Open Park Photo-voltaic cells

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Design

Academic research rooms

Double layered shaded facade Trapezoid curtain wall facade Longitudinal windowed gray stone facade Shaded curtain wall Double layered shaded facade Longitudinal windowed gray stone facade

Library’s rooftop as a public open park

Double elevator shaft, both for interior and exterior use Stairs and ramps for the handicapped Gathering and protest space Escalators Reference library Entrance to the Reference library Entrance to the National Library’s archive Cultural axis Ceremonial axis

Prime minister’s private residence Authorized vehicle parking lot Official reception hall Gathering and protest space Spokesmanship and press rooms Bridge connecting the office buildings to the cambers, above the archive National library’s archive Reference library Government offices Auditorium Archive space Underground parking lot, connected to existing lot

View from the reception hall to the Headquarters offices

Exploded axonometric

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Photo voltaic solar panels Academic research rooms

-4.00

-4.00 Floor plan

18 12

-4.00

14 Lobby and reception hall 15 Water channel 16 The Prime-Minister’s private residence and garden 17 Headquarter’s offices 18 Cafeteria 19 Lobby 20 Library’s patio 21 Researcher’s towers 22 Double-height space

19 22

01 Official reception hall 02 Gathering and protest space 03 Authorized vehicle driveway 04 Authorized vehicle parking lot 05 Headquarters offices 06 Press, Media and spokesmanship 07 Underground bridge 08 Public recipient offices 09 Auditorium 10 Open reference library 11 National Library’s archive 12 Ground 13 Street level

-4.00

-4.00 -8.00

21 13

-4.00

11 06

+ - 0.00 Floor plan

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View from the reference library’s lower floor

Section B-B

Night View

Schematic section through library Library roof and ledge

Entrance to the library Double layered facade and ventilation sketch Looking from the patio to the library’s entrance

Stairway from the street

Section A-A

Entrance to library

Curtain wall detail and openings

Section through library’s patio

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Sketches

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Process Sketches

Previous designs proposals for the library

Bubble scheme - connection between functions

A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 View from the ceremonial axis to the entrance to the library

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Appendix

Delft, Netherlands. +31639504241

Title: Photographer & Post-production artist

2005-2007

Keren Or Photography Studio, Haifa, Israel.

2000-2002

After graduation from photography high school, was hired as a photographer's

Web: itai.co

assistant and post-production artist. Work included: composition, lighting and

Resumé

e.mail: i@itai.co Education M.Sc. Building Technology Engineering –Green Building Innovation.

2010-2012

Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.

(expected)

Computer skills Professional level – Autodesk Autocad, McNeel Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, Google Sketchup,

•

Adobe Photoshop, Adobe InDesign, Adobe Flash, Adobe Dreamweaver, Desgin Builder

Specialization: Green building innovation/computational performance. B. Arch. Ed (Magna Cum Laude) - Bachelor of Architecture and Education.

(Energy+ UI), Autodesk Ecotect Weather Tool, Adobe Lightroom, Nextlimit Maxwell Render,

2005-2010

Neri Bloomfield WIZO School of Design, Haifa, Israel.

MS office, WinOS. Intermediate level – Autodesk Revit, Autodesk 3DSmax, Adobe Illustrator, Dialux, Autodesk

•

Cumulative GPA – 91.8, First in class. H igh School Diploma (with excellence). 0B

Ecotect, Oasys GSA, MacOS. 1997-2001

WIZO High School for the Arts, Haifa, Israel.

Special skills

Major in still photography.

thermal calculation, weather data manipulation.

Professional Experience Title: Climate team leader

Sustainable Design - Climatic analysis, passive design, solar design, comfort design, dynamic

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Parametric and Computational Design – Generative design, parametric methodology,

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2010-2012

ReVolt House – TU Delft’s Solar Decathlon 2012 Entry, Delft, Netherlands.

genetic optimization, intermediate VB.net scripting abilities, advance analysis skills. •

Teaching and Presentation – Highly experienced in delivering presentations, classes and

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Personal Skills – Innovative, creative, hard working, devoted, a team player, sociable, curious.

Core team member and climate team leader since the conceptual design until pre-

lectures in both English and Hebrew.

fabrication phase (project terminated unexpectedly due to lack of funding). Work included: Bioclimatic design, simulation, calculation and analysis, mechanical system design, design coordination, integration, sponsoring and funding. Voluntary Voluntary Work Work Title: Architecture Apprentice Bout Bout student student association association board board member, member, Delft, TheThe Netherlands Netherlands . . Yoram Popper Architects, Haifa, Israel.Delft, Acted Acted as after board as board member member ofofthe of2nd the building building technology technology student student association. association.work on several Hired completion year of architecture school. Simultaneous Pre-Military Pre-Military volunteer volunteer Shnat Shnat Sheirut Sheirut program, program, Haifa, Haifa, Israel. Israel.public buildings and competitions. projects, including industrial buildings, residential, Postponed Postponed my&my military military service service in ain year a year to take to take partpart in ainvolunteer a volunteer program program in which in which I lived I lived Post-production artist Title: Photographer in an in an autonomous autonomous commune commune with with 5 other 5 other volunteers volunteers andand took took partpart in several in several volunteer volunteer Keren Or Photography Studio , Haifa, Israel.

1 2007-2010 2010-2012 2010-2012 2000-2001 2000-2001 2005-2007 2000-2002

projects projects simultaneously, simultaneously, such as: as: In-house In-house photographer photographer at the at as the Shabtay LeviLevi orphanage orphanage After graduation fromsuch photography high school, was hired a Shabtay photographer's of children of children from from birth birth to five to five years years old, old, youth youth guide guide and and tutor tutor for for middle middle school school pupils, assistant and post-production artist. Work included: composition, lighting and pupils,

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systems, andand constructed constructed training training for for new new courses courses from from scratch. scratch. •systems, Intermediate level – Autodesk Revit, Autodesk 3DSmax, Adobe Illustrator, Dialux, Autodesk •

•Honorably Honorably discharged discharged the at the rank rank of Sergeant of Sergeant First First Class. Class. Ecotect, Oasys GSA, at MacOS.

Special skills *Recommendations available upon request *Recommendations available upon request

Delft Innovation Awards for most innovative research project at the Delft University of

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Azrieli Awards for nation’s best B.arch graduation project – Finalist.

2011

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The New Kuip stadium design – shortlisted

2011

Technology – Finalist (As part of the ReVolt House core team).

(With P. Papanastazis, M. van Meijeren and L. Birznieks). •

Solar Decathlon TU Delft internal competition for design of a sustainable solar house – 1st

2010

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Haifa’s City Square, Haifa Municipality, shortlisted.

2010

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Mobile sustainable market stall, Jerusalem Seminar of Architecture student competition -

2009

2nd prize winner (With O.Fish).

Military Service Military Service Computer skills

support, support, rescue rescue and survival. survival. (Energy+ UI), and Autodesk Ecotect Weather Tool, Adobe Lightroom, Nextlimit Maxwell Render, •Was Was inoffice, charge in charge of transforming of transforming conventional conventional teaching teaching methods methods to E-Learning to E-Learning computerized computerized MS WinOS.

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prize winner (with E. Duijn, E. Kapedani and B. Linares).

computer computer Teacher Teacher for for elderly elderly people. people. photography, photo editing, fixing and proofing for print.

Life•Life Support Support Technical Technical Instructor, Israeli Israeli AirAir Force. Force. Professional level Instructor, – Autodesk Autocad, McNeel Rhinoceros, Grasshopper, Google Sketchup, • •Have Have taught taught and and supervised supervised technical technical personnel personnel training in the in the field field of pilot of pilot andand airBuilder crew air crew lifelife Adobe Photoshop, Adobe InDesign, Adobe Flash,training Adobe Dreamweaver, Desgin

Competitions:

2002-2005 2002-2005

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Community V2.0, AI magazine's Project of the Year awards - Un-built category, shortlisted.

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Design of a temporary installation , Beth HaTfutzot Museum of Jewish Diaspora, 1st prize winner.

2009 2008

Exhibitions: •

‘Seeds of Israeli architecture’, Azrieli award finalist exhibition, Beit Hadrichal Gallery, Tel

2011

Aviv-Yaffo / Technion, Haifa, Israel. •

XXL Digital Design Workshop stadium design exhibition, FC Feyenoord Kuip stadium,

Rotterdam, Netherlands.

2011

A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

photography, photo editing, fixing and proofing for print.

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'The Future of Hadar HaCarmel', exhibition of selected student projects at the Municipal

2009

Council Building, Haifa, Israel. •

'Ze Israel 2 ’, exhibition of winners and shortlisted entries of AI magazine's Project of the

2009

Teaching Experience

Competitions: •

Delft Innovation Awards for most innovative research project at the Delft University of

•

Azrieli Awards for nation’s best B.arch graduation project – Finalist.

2011

•

The New Kuip stadium design – shortlisted

2011

2012

Delft University of Technology - TBM Faculty, Delft, The Netherlands .

Technology – Finalist (As part of the ReVolt House core team).

Guest lecture to master’s students in a serious game design course by Dr. Ivo Wenzler, in regard to ongoing Master’s thesis. (scheduled, June ’12). Title: Guest Lecturer

(With P. Papanastazis, M. van Meijeren and L. Birznieks). •

Title: Guest Lecturer

Solar Decathlon TU Delft internal competition for design of a sustainable solar house – 1

2010

Neri Bloomfield WIZO School of Design, Haifa, Israel. Guest lecturer in ‘Windows to Architecture’ lecture series. Lecture regarding the design

prize winner (with E. Duijn, E. Kapedani and B. Linares). •

Haifa’s City Square, Haifa Municipality, shortlisted.

2010

•

Mobile sustainable market stall, Jerusalem Seminar of Architecture student competition -

2009

•

Community V2.0, AI magazine's Project of the Year awards - Un-built category, shortlisted. Design of a temporary installation , Beth HaTfutzot Museum of Jewish Diaspora, 1 prize winner. st

and fabrication of the ReVolt house project, from concept to reality. Title: Guest Lecturer and workshop instructor

Technion – Israel Institute of Technology (External studies unit),

2nd prize winner (With O.Fish). •

2011

2009

2011

Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel. Attended as lecturer and contributor for 3 days at the initiation workshop of the Israeli Solar Decathlon 2013 group with Dr. Joseph Cory and Chen Shalita.

2008

Title: Architecture Tutor assistant

Neri Bloomfield WIZO School of Design, Haifa, Israel.

Exhibitions: •

‘Seeds of Israeli architecture’, Azrieli award finalist exhibition, Beit Hadrichal Gallery, Tel

Served as an architectural design studio assistant in both second and fourth year of

2011

XXL Digital Design Workshop stadium design exhibition, FC Feyenoord Kuip stadium,

2011

'The Future of Hadar HaCarmel', exhibition of selected student projects at the Municipal

Title: Sketchup and Photoshop Instructor Prepared a syllabus and taught Sketchup and Photoshop course for architecture practical

2009

engineers.

Council Building, Haifa, Israel. •

'Ze Israel 2 ’, exhibition of winners and shortlisted entries of AI magazine's Project of the

2007-2008

'Cavim' Institute for Architecture and Design, Haifa, Israel.

Rotterdam, Netherlands. •

2006-2007

architecture school. Course coordinator: Dr. Raquel Rapaport.

Aviv-Yaffo / Technion, Haifa, Israel. •

2008-2009

2009

Year award competition, ZeZeZe Gallery of Architecture, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel.

Voluntary Work Bout student association board member, Delft, The Netherlands.

2010-2012

Acted as board member of the building technology student association. Pre-Military volunteer Shnat Sheirut program, Haifa, Israel.

Teaching Experience Title: Guest Lecturer

Postponed my military service in a year to take part in a volunteer program in which I lived

2012

projects simultaneously, such as: In-house photographer at the Shabtay Levi orphanage

Guest lecture to master’s students in a serious game design course by Dr. Ivo Wenzler, in

of children from birth to five years old, youth guide and tutor for middle school pupils,

regard to ongoing Master’s thesis. (scheduled, June ’12).

Neri Bloomfield WIZO School of Design, Haifa, Israel. Guest lecturer in ‘Windows to Architecture’ lecture series. Lecture regarding the design and fabrication of the ReVolt house project, from concept to reality. Title: Guest Lecturer and workshop instructor

in an autonomous commune with 5 other volunteers and took part in several volunteer

Delft University of Technology - TBM Faculty, Delft, The Netherlands .

Title: Guest Lecturer

2000-2001

computer Teacher for elderly people.

2011

Military Service Life Support Technical Instructor, Israeli Air Force. •

Have taught and supervised technical personnel training in the field of pilot and air crew life support, rescue and survival.

2002-2005

A 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Year award competition, ZeZeZe Gallery of Architecture, Tel Aviv-Yaffo, Israel.