I .T . P
ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ w w w. I T P N e w s . c o m ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ -ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ -28ﺳﺎﻝ 1392
◄ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﺗﻰ ◄ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻻ ،ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ-ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻻ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ◄ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻳﻜﺮﻭﺯﻩ ﺁﺫﺭﻣﺎﻩ 1392
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ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﺩﺍﻧﻠﻮﺩ ﺭﺍﻳﮕﺎﻥ
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ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﭙﺮﻭ ﻱ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭ ﻏﺪﺍﺭ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ ﻣﺮ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃ ﺍﻃ
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ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ
4
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻱ ﻭ ﭙﺮ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺎﺕ ﺮ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻼﻋ ﺍﻃﻼ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃ
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ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ
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ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﭙﺮﺮ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ ﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃ ﻣﻬﺮﺮ -ﺑ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻬ ﻣﻬ
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ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ
ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ:
I.T.P
ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ - 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﺠﻮﺯ ISSN : 2008-8094 --- 124 / 1830 ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ،ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ،ﺧﺒﺮﻯ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯ : ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﻓﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻃﺎﺕ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ
ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ :
)) ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻛﺮﺩﻳﺪ ،ﺳﭙﺎﺳﮕﺰﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺯﺣﻤﺎﺕ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻧﺎﺋﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺘﺨﺎﺭ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻰ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺫﻛﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻣﻴﺪﻭﺍﺭﻡ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺩﻭﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻗﻌﻰ ،ﺧﻄﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺎﺩﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻃﻌﻢ ﺧﺪﻣﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ،ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺷﻴﺮﻳﻦ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺍﺗﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ(( .
9 ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ Eﺩﺭ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ
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ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ /ﺳﺮ ﺩﺑﻴﺮ : ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺴﻴﻨﻰ ali@ITPNews.com
ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺁﺗﻰ
ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻳﻰ :
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ﺯﻳﻨﺐ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﻧﮋﺍﺩ zh@ITPNews.com
ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺳﻴﺎ
ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﻭﺏ : ﻣﻬﺪﻯ ﺟﻠﻴﻠﻮﻧﺪ web@ITPNews.com
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ﻣﺪﻳﺮ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻞ : ﻧﺪﺍ .ﺗﺮﺍﺑﻰ ﻧﻴﺎ torabi@ITPnews.com
ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ LEDﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ
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ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻞ : ﻛﺎﻭﺵ ﺳﺎﻋﻰ kavosh@ITPNews.com
ﺧﺒﺮ ) ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ( : ﻣﺴﻌﻮﺩ ﺭﺿﺎ ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎﺭﻯ -ﻓﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺯﻳﺒﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻳﺶ
ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ
ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ :
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ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺳﻤﻰ ghasemi@ITPNews.com
ﻃﺮﺍﺡ ﻭ ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ﺑﻨﺪ : ﻓﺮﺍﻧﻚ ﺻﺎﻟﺤﻰ Salehi@ITPNews.com ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ09192006468 :
ﺳﻪ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ
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ﭼﺎپ : ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺭﻭﺍﻕ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻣﻬﺮ
ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ،ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩ ﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ
ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺎ : ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﺎﺕ :ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ -ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﭘﺴﺘﻰ 14195 - 393 ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ :ﺗﻬﺮﺍﻥ -ﺧﻴﺎﺑﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻜﻨﺪﺭﻯ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻰ -ﺑﻦ ﺑﺴﺖ ﺑﻬﺎﺭ -ﭘﻼﻙ - 18ﻭﺍﺣﺪ 1 ﺗﻠﻔﻦ 021 - 66573242 - 66573241 - 66573240 : ﺗﻠﻔﻜﺲ 021 - 66420988 : ﺗﺒﻠﻴﻐﺎﺕ 021 - 66420306 : ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻛﻴﻦ 021 - 66421176 : ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﻰ 021 - 66420366 : ﭘﻴﺎﻣﻚ 30007331 :
27 ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ
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ﺗﺎﺭﻧﻤﺎ )ﻭﺏ( www.ITPNews.com : ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﻜﻰ info@ITPNews.com : ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ،ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻠﻰ ﻭ ﺧﺒﺮﻯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺧﺒﺮﻯ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ. I.T.Pﻫﻴﭻ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺗﻤﻠﻚ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﺫﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﻴﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺩﺭﺱ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﻰ ﺍﺻﻞ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ،ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺎپ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪ.
ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻟﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ
34 ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻳﻜﺮﻭﺯﻩ
ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ
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ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
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تخم مرغ مصرفی
مرغابی
اردک
بوقلمون
گوشت مرغ
p
نام شرکت y
تخم مرغ مصرفی
مرغابی
اردک
بوقلمون
گوشت مرغ
Arab Company for Agricultural Production and Processing تانزانيا
مصر
Egypt for Poultry Co.
Ismailia-Misr Poultry Co
Mansoura Poultry
Alema Farms Ltd.
Elfora Agro-Industries
Kibo Poultry Products Mkuza Chicks
Poulina Group Holding
اتيوپی
تونس
اوگاندا Biyinzika Enterprises
Ugachick Poultry Breeders Ltd.
Zambeef Products Group
Genesis Farms
کنيا
زامبيا
CFI Holdings Ltd.
Suncrest Chickens
Sigma Supplies
مورﯾس
Food & Allied Group
Namib Poultry Industries Ltd.
Avian Specialities Nigeria
بنگالدش Aftab Bahumukhi Farms
ناميبيا
Kazi Farms Group
نيجرﯾه
Keari Poultry
Choice Farms
چين
Obasanjo Farms Nigeria Ltd.
Beijing Dafa Chia Tai Co. Ltd. Beijing DQY Agriculture Technology
TUNS Farms
COFCO
Sedima
DaChan Food Ltd.
Doyoo Group
AFGRI
Hanwei Group
Astral Foods
Country Bird Holdings Ltd.
Darling Fresh Chicken
Paragon Group
Kim's Poultry Farm Muguku Poultry Farm
قاره آسيا
Kenchic Limited Kenya Bixa Poultry Farm
زﯾمبابوه
Cairo Poultry Co.
Interchick Co. Ltd.
نام شرکت قاره آفرﯾقا
سودان
سنگال
افرﯾقای جنوبی
Hewei Agricultural Development Co. Huadu Foodstuff Co. Huaying Agricultural Development Co. Ltd. Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry Jilin Deda
Pioneer Foods
Rainbow Chicken
Sovereign Food Investments
Supreme Poultry
ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ92 ﺁﺑﺎﻥ- ﻣﻬﺮ28 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ
9
تخم مرغ مصرفی
مرغابی
اردک
بوقلمون
گوشت مرغ
نام شرکت
Lay Hong Bhd
Leong Hup Holdings Bhd LTKM Bhd.
مرغابی
اردک
Hy-Fresh Group
تخم مرغ مصرفی
بوقلمون
گوشت مرغ
Liuhe Group
New Hope Group
PW Consolidated
SU Hai Group
QL Resources Bhd
Sunner Development Co. Ltd.
Sum Soon Agricultural Co.
Wens Food Group
Teo Seng Capital Bhd.
Yurun Group
Zhucheng Waimao Co Ltd Amrit Group
Vista Jiwa
Abhinash Group
Pancharatna Group of Poultry Industries
Baramati Agro
Hi Tech Hatch Fresh
Indian Broiler Group
ھند
نپال
پاکستان Al-Noor Chicks Islamabad Farms
K and N's Sadiq Poultry فيليپين
Bounty Fresh Group
San Miguel Pure Foods
Universal Robina Corp.
Vitarich سنگاپور Chew's Group Ltd.
Elite KSB
Kee Song Brothers Poultry Industries
N & N Agriculture Ltd.
Seng Choon Farm سری النکا
Bairaha Farms Ltd.
Ceylon Grain Elevators
Nelna Group
Pussalla Meat Producers
Sakku Group Selvam Broiler
Simran Farms
Skylark Group
Vangili Feeds
Venky's India Ltd.
Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Tbk
Japfa Comfeed Indonesia
Sierad Produce
Wonokoyo Group
اندونزی
Laemthong Corp. Group
Saha Farms Group
Thai Foods Group
Sujaya Group ژاپن
Ebisu Co.
JA Zen-Noh
کارائيب
Jumonji Chicken
کوبا
Koyu Shokucho
Unión de Empresas del Combinado Avícola Nacional
Marubeni Chikusan Corp.
Mitsubishi Trading Group
Nippon Ham Group
Corp. Avíc. Jarabacoa Granja Joselyn Pollos Veganos Jamaica Broilers Group Ltd.
Dongwoo Co. Ltd.
Harim Holdings Co.
Maniker Co.
Ayamas Integrated Poultry Industry
مالزی
Arawak امرﯾکای مرکزی
PRI Foods جمھوری کره
تيرﯾنيداد و توباگو
Ise, Inc.
جامائيکا
Akita Co.
جمھوری دومينيکن
QL Indonesia
GFPT
Suguna Foods
Chaveevan Group
SM Feeds & Farms Sri Venkateswara Poultry Farms
Shalimar Group Shanthi Poultry Farm
Betagro
Raja Farms
Charoen Pokphand Foods
Rathi Hatcheries
Pioneer Poultry Group
CIC Holdings
Keggfarms Maity Group
تاﯾلند
Qingdao Jiulian Group Shendan Healthy Food
نام شرکت
کاستارﯾکا
DBE Gurney Resources Bhd
Corporación PIPASA
Farm's Best Bhd
ال سالوادور
FFM Group
Avíc. Salvadoreña (DIP-CMI)
Huat Lai Resources Berhad
ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ92 ﺁﺑﺎﻥ- ﻣﻬﺮ28 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ
10
تخم مرغ مصرفی
مرغابی
اردک
بوقلمون
گوشت مرغ
نام شرکت
تخم مرغ مصرفی
مرغابی
اردک
بوقلمون
پرتغال
گوشت مرغ
Sello de Oro
Avipronto
Interaves
Avíc. Villalobos (DIP-CMI)
Zezerovo
FRISA (Areca)
CADECA (DIP-CMI)
Cargill Meats Centroamérica
Tip Top Industrial (Cargill)
Grupo Melo
Productos Toledano
گواتماال
رومانی
Agricola Internaţional Romanian
Agroli Group
Ave Impex
Avicola Crevedia
Avicola Oradea
ھندوراس
نيکاراگوئه پاناما
Avicola Slobozia
Transavia
روسيه
اروپا
Belaya Ptitsa
ارمنستان
Bezrk-Belgrankorm
Bohr Poultry
Chelny Broiler
Cherkizovo Group Eurodon
GAP Resurs
Lisko Broiler
Mikhailovsky Broiler
Prioskolye
Prodo Group
Pticefabrica Inzhavinskaya
Roskar
Severnaya
Sinyavskaya Poultry Farm
Koka dd
Pipis Bros. Farm PCL
Agrofert Holding
قبرس جمھوری چک
دانمارک Hedegaard Foods
فنالند
Sverdlovsk
Duc
Euralis Gastronomie
Fermiers du Sud-Ouest
Gastronome
فرانسه
Agroživ
Grupo Sada
Uvesa
Vall Companys Grupo
سوئد
اوکراﯾن
LDC
Ronsard
Tilly-Sabco
PHW-Wiesenhof
Amvrosiadis S.A.
آلمان
ﯾونان
Agro Oven Ltd.
Complex Agromars
Myronivsky Hliboproduct (MHP)
Poltavskaya Poultry
Ptahocombinat Dneprovsky
Vladimir-Volyn Poultry
2 Sisters Food Group
Banham Poultry Ltd.
Cargill Meats Europe
Crown Chicken Limited
Faccenda Group
Moy Park Ltd.
Noble Foods
Groupe Doux
Gallus Ltd.
Her-Csi-Hús Kft.
Master Good
Cappoquin Poultry
اﯾرلند Skea Egg Farms Ltd.
اﯾتاليا
Agricola Italiana Alimentare (AIA)
Amadori لتونی Balticovo
Sunrise Poultry Farms Ltd.
Lielzeltiņi Ltd.
خاورميانه
Putnu Fabrika Ķekava
Plukon Royale Group
Nortura
Cedrob
ھلند
بحرﯾن
Delmon Poultry Co.
نروژ
جمھوری اسالمی اﯾران Mirza Kochekkhan Co.
لھستان
Zarbal Grandparent Co. عراق
Pindos مجارستان
انگلستان
Glon Group
Avangard
Blenta Lantmannen Kronfågel Holding
HKScan
Perutnina Ptuj
Gradus کرواسی
اسلوونی
Servolux بلغارستان
اسلوونی
Arax بالروس
صربستان
نام شرکت
Rasun
Drobex
اسرائيل
Drobimex
Indykpol Capital Group
I.T. Group
ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ92 ﺁﺑﺎﻥ- ﻣﻬﺮ28 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ11
تخم مرغ مصرفی
مرغابی
اردک
بوقلمون
گوشت مرغ
نام شرکت
Tyson de México اﯾاالت متحده
Cal-Maine Foods
Daybreak Foods
Hillandale Farms
Koch Foods Inc.
Michael Foods Moark LLC
مرغابی
اردک
بوقلمون
Perdue Farms Inc. (broiler)
Rose Acre Farms Sanderson Farms Inc.
اردن
Hammoudeh Group
National Poultry Co.
Sinokrot Group
The Union for Agricultural Development and Slaughtering
Kuwait United Poultry
Hawa Chicken
WilCo
A'Saffa Foods
Atyab-IFFCO Poultry
کوﯾت لبنان
عمان
Sparboe Summit Farms
Tyson Foods Inc.
Wayne Farms LLC
Sohar Poultry
Palestine Poultry Co.
فلسطين
استراليا
Hazeldene's
Inghams Enterprises Pty. Ltd. Pace Farm
زالند نو
عربستان سعودی
Baiada Group Farm Pride Foods
Tegel Foods
Al Akhawain
Al-Fakieh Poultry Farms
Almarai Co.
آمرﯾکای جنوبی آرژانتين
Frigorífico Soychú SA
Granja Tres Arroyos
Al-Watania
Arasco Foods
SADCO Group
Supreme Foods Group
Abalioglu Group
ترکيه
Rasic Group برزﯾل
Dhofar Poultry Modern Poultry Farms
اقيانوسيه
نام شرکت
Pilgrim’s Corp. Rembrandt Enterprises
گوشت مرغ
Mountaire Farms Inc.
تخم مرغ مصرفی
Aurora Alimentos
Big Frango
BRF
Copacol
Diplomata
Banvit
Beypilic
CP Standart Gida Sanayi Ve Ticaret
Erpilic
Keskinoglu
M. Haci Ali Ltd.
Seker Pilic ve Yem Al Ain Poultry Farm
امارات متحدۀ عربی
Granja Mantiqueira
Granja Yabuta
IFFCO
Ras Al Khaima Poultry & Feeding Co.
GTFoods Group
JBS Aves Brasil (Doux Frangosul)
Marfrig
آمرﯾکای شمالی کانادا
Pif Paf Alimentos
Somai Nordeste
Granny's
Lilydale Inc.
شيلی
Agrícola Ariztía Agricovial SA
Avícola Andina
Super Pollo Ltda.
کلمبيا
Maple Leaf Foods Maple Lodge Farms Ltd.
Olymel L.P.
Prairie Pride Natural Foods
Rossdown Farms and Natural Foods
Avigrupo
مکزﯾک
Avidesa
Grupo Pimpollo SA Incubadora Santander
El Calvario
Industrias Pimpollo del Caribe
Empresas Guadalupe
Inveragro
اکوادور
Pronaca
Incubandina
Exceldor Cooperative Avicole
Grupo Pecuario San Antonio
Industrias Bachoco
Pilgrim’s de México Proteína Animal
ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ92 ﺁﺑﺎﻥ- ﻣﻬﺮ28 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ12
تخم مرغ مصرفی
مرغابی
اردک
بوقلمون
گوشت مرغ
نام شرکت
ونزوئال
Avícola La Guásima
Granja La Caridad
Protinal CA
Seravian CA
Seravica
200 / 00
اﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎي ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ
Astral Foods
200 / 00
ﭼﻴﻦ
DaChan Food Ltd.
185 / 86
ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ
Tyson de Mexico
180 / 00
ﭼﻴﻦ
175 / 00
ﻫﻨﺪ
Huaying Agricultural Development Co.Ltd. Amrit Group
160 / 00
ﭼﻴﻦ
Jiangsu Lihua Animal Husbandry
157 / 40
ﺑﺮزﻳﻞ
Diplomata
155 / 00
ﭘﺮو
San Fernando
154 / 53
ﺷﻴﻠﻲ
Super Pollo Ltda.
150 / 00
ﻋﺮﺑﺴﺘﺎن ﺳﻌﻮدي
Al-Watania
150 / 00
ﭼﻴﻦ
Qingdao Jiulian Group
133 / 10
وﻧﺰوﺋﻼ
Protinal CA
130 / 00
ﻛﺎﻧﺎدا
Maple Lodge Farms Ltd.
130 / 00
ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ
Thai Foods Group
120 / 00
ﭼﻴﻦ
COFCO
120 / 00
ﭼﻴﻦ
SU Hai Group
120 / 00
ﭼﻴﻦ
Sunner Development Co.
117 / 00
ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ
Saha Farms Group
115 / 00
آرژاﻧﺘﻴﻦ
Granja Tres Arroyos
108 / 00
ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ
Beypilic
107 / 00
ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ
Betagro
104 / 00
ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ
Keskinoglu
104 / 00
ﭼﻴﻦ
Zhucheng Waimao Co.
()ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻫﻨﺪ
()ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ
تخم مرغ مصرفی
مرغابی
اردک
بوقلمون
گوشت مرغ
نام شرکت Incubandina
Pronaca پرو Avícola La Calera
Chimú Agropecuaria
Redondos SA
San Fernando
( توليد کنندۀ برتر صنعت مرغداری جھان )ميليون طيور50 قطعه در سال کشور نام شرکت برزيل BRF 1878 / 90 اياالت متحده Tyson Foods Inc. 1840 / 80 اياالت متحده Pilgrim’s Corp. 1721 / 72 چين Wens Food Group 865 / 00 چين New Hope Group 750 / 00 برزيل Marfrig 732 / 20 اياالت متحده Perdue Farms Inc.(broiler) 624 / 52 اياالت متحده Koch Foods Inc. 624 / 00 اندونزی Charoen Pokphand Tbk 600 / 00 مکزيک Industrias Bachoco 503 / 00 انگليس 2 sisters Food Group 500 / 00 اياالت متحده Sanderson Farms Inc. 448 / 24 چين Doyoo Group 400 / 00 آلمان PHW-Wiesenhof 400 / 00 ھلند Plukon Royale Group 338 / 00 ھند Suguna Foods 338 / 00 فيليپين San Miguel Pure Foods 312 / 00 اياالت متحده Mountaire Farms Inc. 301 / 08 ايتاليا Amadori 300 / 00 فرانسه LDC 300 / 00 چين Liuhe Group 300 / 00 اياالت متحده Wayne Farms LLC 293 / 80 برزيل 275 / 80 JBS Aves Brasil(Doux Frangosul) چين Hewei Agricultural 260 / 00 Development ھند Maity Group 250 / 00 افريقای جنوبی Rainbow Chicken 241 / 00 مکزيک Pilgrim’s de Mexico 220 / 00
()ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺁﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ
ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ،ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﻮﺍﻳﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ، ﺟﻮﺟﺔ ﻳﻚ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ. ()ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﭼﻴﻦ
ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ92 ﺁﺑﺎﻥ- ﻣﻬﺮ28 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ13
)ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻯ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ(
) 5ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ(
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﻢ ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﻧﻬﺎﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 200ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ
. ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ feed internationalﻭ ﻳﻚ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻟﻴﺴﺖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﺔ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺗﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ■ . ) 20ﻛﻤﭙﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ( نام شرکت
کشور
CP Group
تايلند اياالت متحده
New Hope Group Purina Animal Nutrition BRF Wen’s Food Group
چين
184
اياالت متحده برزيل
31
Cargill
Tyson Foods Nutreco COFCO East Hope Group Zen-noh Shuangbaotai )(Twins Group ForFarmers B.V. Tangrenshen )Group (TRS DaChan Food(Asia)Ltd Zhengbang Group InVivo NSA Frangosul Agrifirm Feed DLG Group
کارخانۀ خوراک
چين
توليد ساالنه * 1000 متريک تن 26500
*
18800
*
16500
*
12000
*
آبزی
اسب
*
حيوان خانگی *
خوک
طيور
نشخوار کنندگان
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
10600
*
10200
اياالت متحده ھلند چين
20
5000 – 10000 8300
* *
چين
96
8300
*
*
ژاپن
7500
*
*
چين
6900
*
ھلند
40
6400
*
چين
39
5000
*
چين
19
2500 – 5000
33
چين فرانسه برزيل ھلند دانمارک
14ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
10100
* *
*
78
26
*
*
*
*
*
2500 – 5000 2500 – 5000 2500 – 5000 4200 4200
* *
* *
* *
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
* *
* * * *
* * *
ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖE ◄ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ Eﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭ )ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ( ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻛﻢ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ Eﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﭙﻠﻨﻮﻣﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﻳﺎ) «HSﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1991 ﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ( ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ »ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻃﺤﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻛﺒﺪ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻳﺎ «BLS )ﻛﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1980ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ( ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ 1993ﺗﺎ ، 2001ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ HSﺩﺭ ﻛﺎﻧﺎﺩﺍ ﻭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺭﺥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﺍﺳﭙﻠﻨﻮﻣﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﺎﺳﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺷﺪ .ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ً ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺯﺧﻢ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ HSﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ
ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ Eﻃﻴﻮﺭ ) HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ( ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺮﺓ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﺓ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ Hepevirideﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﮔﻮﻧﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ Hepevirusﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪﺓ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ Eﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ HEVﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ 4ﮔﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﻭﺛﻰ HEVﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﮔﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻮﺭﻭﺛﻰ 1ﻭ 2ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﮔﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻮﺭﻭﺛﻰ 3ﻭ 4ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ،ﺧﻮﻙ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ . ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ، 2001ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ HSﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻛﺸﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺯﻧﺠﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻧﻮﻛﻠﺌﻮﺗﻴﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ Eﻃﻴﻮﺭ ) HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ( ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ HEVﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ً HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ ،ﺁﻧﺘﻰ ژﻥ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ 50 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻛﻠﺌﻮﺗﻴﺪﻯ HEV ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺳﺎﻝ 1999ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ، ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ) BLSﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﺒﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺤﺎﻝ( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻛﻠﺌﻮﺗﻴﺪﻯ ﺁﻥ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻧﻮﺍﺩﺓ HEV ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ .ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ HSﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪ 80ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻛﻠﺌﻮﺗﻴﺪﻯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ BLSﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ . ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ً ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ HSﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻯ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ BLSﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ،ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ HEV ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﺗﻨﻮﻉ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﻪ ﻧﻮﻛﻠﺌﻮﺗﻴﺪ ﺑﻴﻦ 15ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﻰ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻧﮕﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﻰ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻰ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ Eﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻰ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ .ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺼﻰ HEVﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻً ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍﻳﺞ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻰ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ . ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﭙﻠﻨﻮﻣﮕﺎﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ 72 - 30ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻴﻦ 40ﻭ 50 ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ »ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ« ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ 0 / 3ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ 1ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﺔ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺗﺎ ﺳﻘﻒ 20 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ »ﭘﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ« ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺟﻨﺴﻰ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮﺍﺗﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﭘﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﻯ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻨﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻔﻮﻧﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻰ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ 24ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﭙﻠﻨﻮﻣﮕﺎﻟﻰ ،ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﺗﺎ 1ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﺎ 20ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ )ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ 10-4ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( .ﻳﻚ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ HEVﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻓﺖ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً 3-6ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻰ ﻛﺸﺪ ﻭ 3-6ﻫﻔﺘﺔ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﻢ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﻰ ﻛﺸﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻧﻮﺭﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺗﺄﺧﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺟﻨﺴﻰ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺘﻰ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺯﻙ ﻭ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺸﻰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻯ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺖ .ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺳﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻰ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ،ﺗﺎﺝ ﻭ ﻏﺒﻐﺐ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﺨﺮﺝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺜﻴﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﭘﺮﺭﻳﺰﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ■ .
HEVﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ،ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻳﻚ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰ ژﻧﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﺔ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ژﻥ ﺣﺎﻛﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﭙﺎﺗﻴﺖ Eﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ HSﺩﺭ 4ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺁﻥ ،ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻧﺎﻫﻤﺎﻫﻨﮕﻰ ﺣﻜﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﻰ ﻛﺮﺩ .ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ HEV ، ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ :ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ) 1ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ( ،ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ) 2ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ( ،ﻭ ژﻧﻮﺗﻴﭗ ) 3ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ( . ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﻣﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﺴﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻫﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ 1980ﻭ 90ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ BLS ، ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﻟﻴﺎ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺷﺪ .ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻓﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ 50 ،ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ﺳﻴﻜﻞ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭﻯ 8-10ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ HSﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻋﻮﺍﺭﺽ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻧﺎﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺳﺮﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ)(1 ﺍﺯ HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ 5ﺍﻳﺎﻟﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 71ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ 30ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺎﺩﺗﻦ HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ . ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺩ 36 ،ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻭ 17ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺯﻳﺮ 18ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺳﻦ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ،ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ HEVﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺯ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻃﻴﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺩﻭﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻋﻼﺋﻤﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ HSﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ . ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ BLSﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﺎﺭﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ HEVﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻛﻠﻴﻨﻴﻜﻰ ﻭ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ ﺳﻨﺪﺭﻭﻡ HSﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ HEVﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ،ﻭﻳﺘﻨﺎﻡ ،ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﭘﺎﺩﺗﻦ HEVﻛﺸﻒ ﺷﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ،ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺳﺮﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﻭ ﺍﺑﺘﻼ ﺑﻪ HEVﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺔ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺟﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ . ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻳﺖ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻣﺒﺘﻼ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ – 1ﺳﺮﻡ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻰ :ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺮﻡ ﺧﻮﻥ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻭﻳﺮﻭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﻭﻫﻠﺔ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻭ ﻣﻌﺎﻟﺠﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺏ .ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ
◄ﺑﺎ ُﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ،ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻗﺼﻰ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻃﻰ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ،ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﻭ ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﺯﻳﻞ ،ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ، ﻫﻨﺪ ،ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﺓ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ، ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻋﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰ ﻃﻠﺒﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ، ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎً ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺔ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ،ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼﺕ ،ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻫﺔ ﭘﻴﺶ ُﻛﻨﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ )ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻫﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2013-22 ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ 1/6ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ 2003-12ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ 2/3ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2013-22ﺑﻪ ﺭﻗﻢ 1/9ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ 3/7ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ .(1ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻰ ﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻫﺔ 2003 - 13ﻛﻪ 2 / 5ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 0 / 9ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻃﻰ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﻧﻔﻮﻻﻧﺰﺍﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺁﺗﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﺤﺎﻝ ﺟﺪول - 1ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺳﺎﻻﻧﺔ درﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات ،ﺻﺎدرات ،و ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺮاﻧﺔ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ در ﺟﻬﺎن ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ % ﺻﺎدرات % ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات % ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ .(2ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2013 – 22 2003 – 12 2013 – 22 2003 – 12 2013 – 22 2003 - 12 2022ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺳﻬﻢ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ 47ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ 0/6 1/3 1/6 4/3 1/6 2/3 اﻧﻮاع ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺧﻮﻙ ،ﮔﻮﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 18 ، 32ﻭ 0/5 0/2 1/6 1/7 1/5 1/2 ﮔﻮﺳﺎﻟﻪ 0/4 0/7 0/8 4/8 1/4 ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺧﻮك 1 / 8 4ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺕُ ،ﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ 0/9 2/5 2/1 6/7 1/9 3/7 ﻃﻴﻮر ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺁﻳﺪ. 0/3 1/0 1/3 0/3 1/3 2/1 ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪي ﺳﻬﻢ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﺗﻰ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﻮ )ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻏﺬﺍ ﻭ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻞ( ،ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻛﻠﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ،ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2022ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2010 - 22ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2022ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺎ 31 / 8ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ) (OECDﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ 24 / 6ﻭ 14ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ .(1ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ،ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ 80ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺳﺎﻝ 2022ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ. ﻓﺎﺋﻮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺔ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ 2013 - 22ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ،ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ ، 2013 - 22 16ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﮔﻮﺳﺎﻟﻪ)ﻗﺮﻣﺰ(،ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺧﻮﻙ)ﺳﺒﺰ(،ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ)ﻧﺎﺭﻧﺠﻰ( ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ ) ﺳﺮﻣﻪ ﺍﻯ(
ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2015 - 20ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ 1 / 04ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ 0 / 51ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ 2045 - 50ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2050ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ،ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ - 20 2015ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻨﺪﺵ ﺍﺯ 0 / 01ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ - 0 / 22ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ 2045 - 50ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ،ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻧﻮﭘﺎ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ،ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﺑﺎ 2 / 36ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2015 - 20ﺑﻪ 1/74 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2045 - 50ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ؛ ﺍﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺓ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎﻅ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ(3 ﻧﻤﻮدار – 3ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ رﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎل 2050ﻣﻴﻼدي
ﺟﻬﺎن )ﻣﺸﻜﻲ( ،اﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ )ﻧﺎرﻧﺠﻲ( ،آﺳﻴﺎ )ﺳﺒﺰ( ،اروﭘﺎ )ﺑﻨﻔﺶ( ،اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎي ﻻﺗﻴﻦ )آﺑﻲ(، اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ )ﻃﻮﺳﻲ( ،اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻪ )زرد(
ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ 2050ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 6 / 83ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ 9/ 56 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ.(4 ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﺔ ﭘﺮ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ،ﻛﻤﺮﻧﮓ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 1997 - 99ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ 34 / 2ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 8ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2011 - 13ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ 44 / 3ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ 11 / 4ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2022ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ 51 / 5 ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ 13 / 6ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ،ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ،ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2022ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ 2004 - 6ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻳﻰ 14 / 6ﻳﻮﺍﻥ ) 2 / 38ﺩﻻﺭ( ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ2011-13 ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ 19 / 4ﻳﻮﺍﻥ ) 3 / 17ﺩﻻﺭ( ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ 2022ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﻳﻰ 17 / 3ﻳﻮﺍﻥ )2/ 82 ﺩﻻﺭ( ﺑﺮﺳﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﻯ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ 3ﺗﺎ 4ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ .ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﺔ 2012ﺗﺎ ژﺍﻧﻮﻳﺔ 2013ﻳﻚ ﺟﻬﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ 5 / 6ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﻍ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻗﻠﻤﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ 2013ﻭ 14ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ■ . (3
ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻢ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ؛ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻳﻚ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ، 2013ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ 7 / 162ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻧﻔﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻯ ﭼﻴﻦ 4 / 5 ،ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 1 / 253ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ . ﺟﺪول – 3ﺑﺮآورد ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات ﮔﻮﺷﺖ و ﻣﺮﻏﺪاري اﻳﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه در ﺳﺎل 2014 ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات )ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﭘﻮﻧﺪ( ﻣﺮغ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
36,910
37,201
37,039
37,734
38,850
ﺑﻮﻗﻠﻤﻮن
5,644
5,791
5,967
5,900
6,175
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ و ﻃﻴﻮر
92,097
92,745
92,962
93,343
94,084
ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮغ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻲ ،ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن دوﺟﻴﻦ
6,547
6,590
6,722
6,856
6,940
82 / 4
82 / 9
80 / 4
81 / 3
83 / 5
ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ * ﻣﺮغ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ ﺑﻮﻗﻠﻤﻮن
16 / 4
16 / 1
16 / 0
16 / 1
16 / 8
ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ و ﻃﻴﻮر
208 / 9
204 / 6
202 / 2
203 / 8
204 / 9
ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮغ
247 / 9
247 / 6
249 / 7
250 / 7
254 / 4
ﺑﻮﻗﻠﻤﻮن ،ﺳﻨﺖ در ﻫﺮ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ
90 / 40
102 / 00
105 / 6
98-101
95-102
ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮغ ،ﺳﻨﺖ در ﻫﺮ دوﺟﻴﻦ
106 / 30
115 / 30
117 / 4
117-120
107-116
ﺻﺎدرات ﻣﺮغ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ
6,765
6,971
7,281
7,485
7,550
ﺻﺎدرات ﺑﻮﻓﻠﻤﻮن
582
703
800
735
ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎزار
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت اﻳﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه ،ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﭘﻮﻧﺪ
ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ :ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻛﻦ در داﺧﻞ ﻛﺸﻮر ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼوة ﻧﻴﺮوﻫﺎي ﻣﺴﻠﺢ ﺧﺎرج از ﻛﺸﻮر اﺳﺖ . 17ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
840
◄ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ،ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻟﺒﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﻃﻰ ﺩﻫﺔ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ،ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺩﺭﻋﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺔ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ 15ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 1997-99ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ 20ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2030ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﻭ ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎﻥ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ 11ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ،ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺭﻓﺎﻩ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ 2012ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺷﺪ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ.(1 ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻏﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ،ﺩﺭ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺶ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ،2012ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﺮﺍﻛﺶ 4/3ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ 152ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺑﻪ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺔ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2007 - 12ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ 250 / 1ﻋﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2007ﺑﻪ 249 / 7ﻋﺪﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ 9 / 4ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ 18ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ -1ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﻪ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ )ﻳﻮﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻯ 100ﮔﺮﻡ(
م 2010
2011
2012
ﺑﻠﮋﻳﻚ
4 / 36
4 / 11
7 / 46
ﺑﻠﻐﺎرﺳﺘﺎن
7 / 59
6 / 58
8 / 74
ﺟﻤﻬﻮري ﭼﻚ
6 / 46
5 / 81
8 / 85
داﻧﻤﺎرك
6 / 28
5 / 97
7 / 02
آﻟﻤﺎن
-
10 / 6
-
اﻳﺮﻟﻨﺪ
5 / 72
7 / 16
7 / 85
ﻳﻮﻧﺎن
16 / 02
16 / 74
18 / 8
اﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ
6 / 95
7 / 33
10 / 66
ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻪ
4 / 53
5 / 02
-9 / 96
اﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ
11 / 15
11 / 73
-
ﻗﺒﺮس
10 / 59
11 / 04
-
ﻻﺗﻮﻳﺎ
6/1
5 / 59
8 / 26
ﻟﻴﺘﻮاﻧﻲ
6 / 33
5 / 96
8 / 18
ﻟﻮﻛﺰاﻣﺒﻮرگ
14 / 8
14 / 9
16
ﻣﺠﺎرﺳﺘﺎن
5 / 38
5 / 42
7 / 83
ﻣﺎﻟﺖ
7 / 17
7 / 94
9 / 96
ﻫﻠﻨﺪ
4/2
4 / 35
7/5
اﺗﺮﻳﺶ
12 / 98
12 / 9
13 / 73
ﻟﻬﺴﺘﺎن
4 / 82
4 / 34
7 / 64
ﭘﺮﺗﻐﺎل
6 / 63
6 / 63
10 / 03
روﻣﺎﻧﻲ
6 / 65
7 / 08
9 / 19
اﺳﻠﻮوﻧﻲ
9 / 39
9 / 55
10 / 54
اﺳﻠﻮاﻛﻲ
7 / 25
6 / 76
9 / 26
ﻓﻨﻼﻧﺪ
5 / 63
6 / 11
7 / 44
ﺳﻮﺋﺪ
8 / 18
9 / 19
9 / 31
اﻧﮕﻠﺴﺘﺎن
2 / 56
2 / 59
3 / 71
ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ – 1ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ
ﻭ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﺎﻟﺨﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﺎﻟﺮﻯ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ 244 / 4ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2013ﺑﻪ 240 / 9ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2022 ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ.(2 ﺩﻛﺘﺮ David Hughesﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ "ﮔﺮﺩﻫﻤﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﻠﻰ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ" ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻧﻴﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ : "ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﻙ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ".ﻭﻯ ﺍﺫﻋﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﺳﺎﻝ 2007ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ،ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺘﻰ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻫﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ (1ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﺓ ﺧﻮﺷﺒﻴﻨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺭﻗﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺯﻧﺪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺮﺓ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﻏﻨﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻯ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ■ .
ﺟﺪﻭﻝ – 2ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ
ﻣﺼﺮف)*1ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
6439
6481
6448
6439
6454
6496
6540
6595
6652
6711
6764
6817
دوﺟﻴﻦ( ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺮاﻧﻪ
247/6
ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ درﺻﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ
0/0
ﺳﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ
19ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
240/9 240/9 240/9 240/7 240/6 240/5 240/8 241/1 242/3 244/4 247/5 -0/1
-1/2
-0/9
-0/5
-0/1
-0/1
0/0
0/1
0/1
0/0
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ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ LED ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ :ﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﺤﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻣﻴﺮﻯ -ﺭﺋﻴﺲ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﺯﻧﺪﺭﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺠﺎﻉ ﻣﺤﻤﻮﺩﻱ ﻋﺎﻟﻤﻲ -ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ
◄ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ،ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﺪ .ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺟﻮﺟﻪﻛﺸﻰ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻰ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ، ﺗﻮﻧﻠﻬﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻻ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻤﻬﺎﻯ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺼﻨﻮﻋﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ 60ﻭﺍﺕ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ 40 %30-%ﺍﺯ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ) 250ﺩﻻﺭ 100 -ﺩﻻﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ،ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺳﻦ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ (. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ،ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﺩﻣﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ . ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺳﻨﺖ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ )(CFL ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ %60ﺻﺮﻓﻪ ﺟﻮﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺩﺭ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺰﺭگ ،ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ CFL ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ .ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﻭﻡ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﮕﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﺴﺘﻦ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭽﻬﺎﻯ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ CFLﺍﺳﺖ.
ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺭﭘﻴﭽﻰ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻟﻮﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ 20ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻻﻣﭗ LLD ،ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ )ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﻟﻮﻣﻦ ﻻﻣﭗ( .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﺟﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻰ ﺧﻄﺮﻧﺎﻙ ﺷﻤﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ،ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻣﻨﺪ ﺭﻭﺷﻬﺎﻯ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻦ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﺍﺑﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺳﻨﺖ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﻛﺎﺗﺪ ﺳﺮﺩ ) ( CCFLﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ CFL ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺳﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﺮﻕ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ،ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﺟﻴﻮﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﻰﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻣﺪﻟﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ CCFL
ﺩﺭ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ LEDﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎ ،ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯ LEDﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﻃﻊ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺮﻏﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ،ﺑﻮﻗﻠﻤﻮﻥ ،ﻣﺮﻏﻬﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺍﺟﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ. ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﺮﻁ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ LEDﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺧﻮﺏ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﭼﺮﺍﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ LEDﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ% 80 - %85 ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺏ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﺮﻍ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﺍﺻ ً ﻼ ﻧﺴﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ %80 %70ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ .ﭼﻮﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻜﻨﻮﻟﻮژﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻫﻨﮓ ﺗﻨﺪﻯ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ
ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ LEDﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﻜﻠﻴﻒ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻳﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻨﺪ. ﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻫﺮ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ : .1ﺁﻳﺎ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﺤﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﭘﺲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟ ﺍﻟﻒ .ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻠﻪ ،ﺁﻳﺎ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻋﻤﻮﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟ ﺏ .ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻻﻣﭗ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ؟ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﺍﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ LEDﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ LEDﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻫﻢ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﻳﻚ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺭ LED ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ، CFLﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﻮﺳﻮ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻴﺰﺑﻴﻨﺘﺮ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﭼﺸﻢ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻮﺳﻮ ﺯﺩﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺝ .ﺁﻳﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻰ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﺵ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﻬﻼﻙ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻻﻣﭗ ) (LLDﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟ ﺁﻳﺎ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ Energy star ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ؟ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ LEDﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ،ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻳﺎ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ Energy starﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺧﺎﺻﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻔﻴﻒ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺩ .ﺁﻳﺎ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ ﺁﺏ ﭘﺎﺷﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺷﻠﻨﮓ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ؟ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺘﻰ IP 65ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. .2ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ) ( Kﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﻯ ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ .
ﺍﻟﻒ( K 2700- 3000ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻡ ،ﺭﻧﮓ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﺭﻧﺠﻰ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ، ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ -ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺏ( K 3400-3700ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺧﻨﺜﻰ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻰ ﺭﻧﮓ ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ -ﻻﻣﭗ LEDﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺪﻝ . Next Gen Illumination ﺝ( K 5000-6000ﻛﻠﻮﻳﻦ ﺳﺮﺩ ،ﺭﻧﮓ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺁﺑﻰ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ -ﻻﻣﭗ LEDﻣﺪﻝ OnceInnovation ﺷﻜﻞ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ LEDﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻳﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ .
.3ﻟﻮﻣﻦ ﻻﻣﭗ ﭼﻴﺴﺖ؟ ﻟﻮﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻳﻚ ﻻﻣﭗ 8ﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺗﺪ ﺳﺮﺩ )(CCFL ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ 325ﻟﻮﻣﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ 36ﻭﺍﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ 2400ﻟﻮﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺸﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ :ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﻮﻣﻨﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ ﻧﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻟﻮﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤ ً ﻼ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ 6ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ . 4ﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ؟ ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺪﻝ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﭘﺮﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﻃﻤﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺘﺎً ﻣﺮﻏﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺗﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺪﻝ ،ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺳﻨﺠﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻳﻚ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻟﻮﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﻭﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ، 15 LM/Wﻻﻣﭗ ﻛﻢ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ LM/W 60ﻭ ﻻﻣﭗ 75 LM/W ،LEDﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ،ﺑﻪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻢ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻩ ،ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭژﻳﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ،ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺑﺮ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﻮﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ 2ﻓﻮﺕ ﻛﺎﻧﺪﻝ ﺍﺯ 4ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﺪ ﺗﺎ 14ﺭﻭﺯﮔﻰ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺁﻏﺎﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ،ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺍﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺎ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﻦ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﻮﺭﺕ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ . .5ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﻧﻮﺭ ﭼﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺳﺎﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ. LEDﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻮﺭﺍﻓﻜﻦ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻠﻘﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ،ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﺮﺍﻏﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﻮﺭ ﭼﺮﺍﻍ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺍﻳﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ 20ﻓﻮﺕ )ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً 6,1ﻣﺘﺮ( ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺴﻴﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻏﺬﺍ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ LEDﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﭼﺮﺍﻏﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﻧﻮﺭﻯ ﻭﺳﻴﻊ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﭼﺮﺍﻏﻬﺎﻯ LEDﺑﻴﻦ 120ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺗﺎ 160 ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ،ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺗﺎﺑﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺤﻰ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺖ ﺗﺎﺑﻴﺪﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﭼﻮﻥ LEDﻫﺎ ﺯﺍﻭﻳﻪ ﭘﺨﺶ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 180ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺯ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﻯ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺗﺎﺑﺪ ،ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭ ﻭ ﺑﻪ 21ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻘﻒ، ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺗﻼﻑ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ. .6ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺮ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺧﻼﺹ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ؟ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﺩﻳﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ،ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ LEDﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺗﺐ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺩﻫﺎ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺩﻭ ﻃﺮﺡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ،ﭘﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺪﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺩﻳﻮﺩﻫﺎ .ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺳﻮﻣﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﺯ ،ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﻭﻟﻴﻜﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺷﻜﺎﻓﻬﺎ ،ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ ﻻﻣﭗ LEDﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻴﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻰ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﻓﻬﺎﻯ ﺧﻨﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻴﻬﺎ ﻋﻤ ً ﻼ ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺩﻓﻊ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﻮﺩﻫﺎ ﺷﻮﺩ . .7ﺁﻳﺎ ﻻﻣﭗ LEDﺑﺎ ﺩﻳﻤﺮﻫﺎ)ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺭ( ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﭼﺮﺍﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻓﻌﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ؟ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻤﺮ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺧﻄﻰ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﻢ ﻣﻰﺷﻮﺩ ،ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻻﻣﭙﻬﺎﻯ ، LEDﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻻﻣﭗ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﺎﻓﺘﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻳﻤﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺩﻳﻤﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﻳﺰﻯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻓﺎﺋﻖ ﺁﻳﻨﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺁﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﻭ LEDﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ %100ﺑﺎ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻟﺰﻭﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﻳﻤﺮﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻧﻮﺭ ﭼﺮﺍﻍ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ . .8ﺁﻳﺎ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﭼﺮﺍﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ LEDﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﺑﺮ ﺧﻼﻑ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ LED ،ﻫﺎ CFL ، ﻫﺎ ﻭ CCFLﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ .ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﺮﻍ ،ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺘﺮﺍﻙ ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﻫﺎﺩﻯ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻧﻮﻝ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ .ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻰ ﮔﺬﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻪ ﻓﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺖ ﺧﻄﻰ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻧﻮﻝ ﻫﻤﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻨﺜﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ،ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻮﻝ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﻻﻣﭗ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻛﺸﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺘﻰ ﮔﺬﺭﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ LEDﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ CFLﺍﺛﺮ ﺧﻨﺜﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ، ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻯ ﻧﻮﻝ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﻧﺼﺐ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻰ LEDﻭ CFLﺭﻭﻯ ﻣﺪﺍﺭﺍﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﻧﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﺷﻮﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻧﻬﺎﻯ ﺧﻨﺜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﺣﺪﺍﺙ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺧﻄﻰ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻃﺮﺍﺣﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﻢ ﻧﻮﻝ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﻙ ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻪ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻧﻴﺴﺘﻴﺪ ﻟﻄﻔﺎ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺑﺮﻗﻜﺎﺭ ﺫﻳﺼﻼﺡ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﺎﺕ :ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﺭﺍﺋﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺑّﺎﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺟﻊ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﭼﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺎﻣﻰ ﺷﺮﻛﺘﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻳﻢ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺭﻙ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺒﻌﻴﺾ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪﻳﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺭﻛﺎﻧﺰﺍﺱ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺎﻧﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﻓﺴﻮﺭ ﺳﻮﺯﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺗﻜﻴﻨﺰ ،ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺭﻛﺎﻧﺰﺍﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪﻩ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﺗﻬﻴﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺭﻛﺎﻧﺰﺍﺱ ﺷﻬﺮ Fayettevilleﺍﻗﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ.ﭼﺎپ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺁﺭﻛﺎﻧﺰﺍﺱ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺗﻌﺎﻭﻧﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ■.
◄ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ،ﻻﺷﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺑﺎ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺖ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﺣﺬﻑ ﺟﻴﺮﺓ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻰ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ؛ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺟﻴﺮﺓ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻰ ) 14ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ( ﺩﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻣﻌﺎء ﻭ ﺍﺣﺸﺎء ﺑﺎﺭﺯﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ (1ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻛﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺟﻴﺮﺓ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻰ )ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 6ﺳﺎﻋﺖ( ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻯ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺁﻥ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻴﺮﺓ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻰ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻣﺪﻓﻮﻉ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ،ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﺨﺘﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺮﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺁﻻﺕ ،ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ 22ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻣﺮﻳﺾ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﻣﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺮﻭﻯ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﺯﻣﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺠﺮﺏ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺘﻀﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ،ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﺩﻳﺪﮔﻰ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻧﺎﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻭ ﻏﻠﻂ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺷﻴﻮﺓ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻰ ﻭ ﺩﺳﺘﻰ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻭ ﻛﺒﻮﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ . ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﺎﻳﺴﺖ ،ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﺧﺎﺷﮕﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﻭ ﻋﺼﺒﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺤﺖ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻰ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﺮﺍﺗﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻼﺳﻤﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﺵ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮژﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎً ﺑﺎ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭﺧﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻛﺒﻮﺩﻯ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺭﺅﻳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ؛ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺣﺎﺩﺗﺮ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ 3 / 5 - 2ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺮگ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺭﻭﺯﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻧﺎﺷﺎﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻫﺎ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺣﻤﻞ
ﻭ ﻧﻘﻞ ،ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺯﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﻮ ،ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﻣﺎ ،ﻭ ﺁﺷﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻰ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺖ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ 200ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺗﺎ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﻛﻰ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺭﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺧﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﺭ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻛﺒﻮﺩﻯ ،ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺖ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺑﺎﺭ ،ﺩﺭﺏ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﻰ ﺗﺎﺷﻮﻯ ﺟﻠﻮﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﭘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭﺏ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺗﻤﻴﺰ ﮔﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺧﻄﺮ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺁﻭﻳﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺍﺯ ﻗﻼﺏ ،ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻫﻴﺠﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ً ﺭﻧﮓ ﺁﺑﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﺶ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ . ﺷﻮﻙ ﺩﺍﺩﻥﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻬﻮﺵ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻻﺷﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ
ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺯ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻧﻰ ،ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﺼﺒﻰ ﺑﻄﻨﻰ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ " ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ" ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺸﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ . ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺘﻒ ،ﻣﻨﻘﺎﺭ ،ﻭ ﭼﻨﮕﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ .(2ﺍﺯ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻫﻴﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ،ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻫﺎ ،ﻭ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎً ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻭﻟﺘﺎژ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺸﻨﺠﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﻯ ﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﻮﻙ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺳﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﻳﺪﻥ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ،ﺳﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﻴﺮﺩ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺎﺭﮔﻰ ﻧﺎﻯ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮ ﻭ ﺷﺶ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ﻭﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ، ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ 2-1ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ﻭﺭ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﻧﺮﻳﺰﻯ ،ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺨﺰﻥ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺁﺏ ﺑﻴﻦ / 5 1ﺗﺎ 3 / 5ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻞ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻁ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺁﺏ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ،ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻰ ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﻻﺷﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻨﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻫﺪﺍﻳﺖ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ )ﻏﻮﻃﻪ ﻭﺭﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺏ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺘﻰ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻬﻢ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺑﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺑﺪﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﭘﺮ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺭﺍﺣﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻰ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ .ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻛﺒﻮﺩﻯ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻻﺷﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﭘﺮﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺮﭼﻴﻦ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻻﺳﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺷﻜﻢﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺷﺪ ،ﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺟﻴﺮﺓ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺭﻭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ ﺻﻔﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺷﻜﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻭ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺷﻜﻢ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ 23ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺣﺎﺋﺰ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ،ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺷﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎً ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺋﺪ ﻭ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﻝ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺭﻳﺨﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﻴﻨﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ .ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﺴﻠﻤﺎً ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ً ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺩﺍﺭﻭﻳﻰ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎﻝ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ "ﺍﻣﺘﻴﺎﺯﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﻳﻰ" 404085EPﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ
ﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﻯﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ،ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺑﺴﺰﺍﻳﻰ ﺍﻳﻔﺎ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻣﻌﺎء ﻭ ﺍﺣﺸﺎء ﺷﻜﻤﻰ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﺷﺴﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ،ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺩﺓ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺯﺩﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺁﺏ ﻗﻠﻴﺎﻳﻰ )ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺪﺓ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ( ﻛﻪ ﭼﺮﺑﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﺎﺑﻮﻥ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ، ﺯﺩﻭﺩﻥ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻻﺷﻪ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﺣﺎﻛﻰ
ﺟﺪول – 1ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺣﺬف ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺪت ﺟﻴﺮة ﻏﺬاﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ روي اﻋﻀﺎي ﺑﺪن ﭘﺮﻧﺪه ﻋﻼﺋﻢ
اﻋﻀﺎ ﺑﺪن
در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ در ﻣﺪﻓﻮع ﻃﻴﻮر ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻗﺮﻣﺰ رﻧﮓ )ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﺗﻜﻪ ﻫﺎي رﻳﺰ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ( ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﻮد در اﻳﻨﺼﻮرت ﻻﻳﺔ ﻏﺸﺎﺋﻲ روده آﺳﻴﺐ دﻳﺪه اﺳﺖ .در اﻳﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻮارد ،در ﺧﻼل ﺗﺨﻠﻴﺔ اﻣﻌﺎء و اﺣﺸﺎء روده اي ﺣﺘﻲ در ﺻﻮرﺗﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺣﺘﻴﺎط )ﭼﻪ دﺳﺘﻲ و ﭼﻪ ﻣﺎﺷﻴﻨﻲ( ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ ﺷﻮد ،روده ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪه و ﭘﺎره ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﻫﻤﻴﻦ اﻣﺮ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ آﻟﻮدﮔﻲ از ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﻤﺎس ﺑﺎ ﻣﺪﻓﻮع ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد.
روده
ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﺣﺬف ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﻣﺪت ﺟﻴﺮة ﺧﻮراﻛﻲ ،ﺻﻔﺮا ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ اﻧﺪازه را ﭘﻴﺪا ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﺑﺎﻓﺖ آن ﺑﺴﻴﺎر ﺷﻜﻨﻨﺪه و ﺑﻪ راﺣﺘﻲ ﭘﺎره ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮدد .ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎره ﺷﺪن ﺻﻔﺮا ،زرداب ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﺮون و ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﻔﻈﺔ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﻣﻲ رﻳﺰد و در ﺻﻮرﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎً ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﻧﺸﻮد اﻳﻦ زرداب ﻟﻜﻪ اي ﺛﺎﺑﺖ و ﭘﺎك ﻧﺸﺪﻧﻲ از ﺧﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬارد.
ﺻﻔﺮا
اﻳﻦ ﻋﻀﻮ ﻣﺮغ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭼﺮﺑﻲ و ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮژن اﺳﺖ و ﻣﺤﻞ ذﺧﻴﺮة اﻧﺮژي ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد .ﺑﺎ ﺗﺨﻠﻴﻪ و ﻳﺎ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﻞ اﻧﺮژي ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ،رﻧﮓ ﻛﺒﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺗﻴﺮه ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ و ﻣﺰة ﺟﮕﺮ ﻛﻤﻲ ﺗﻠﺦ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد.
ﻛﺒﺪ ﺳﻨﮕﺪان ﭼﻴﻨﻪ دان
ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل از دﺳﺖ دادن آب ،ﭼﺴﺒﻨﺪﮔﻲ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد و در ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺮاي ﻛﻨﺪن ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ،ﻓﺸﺎر و ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﻻزم اﺳﺖ وارد ﺷﻮد .اﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ از دﺳﺖ دادن 20درﺻﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺳﻨﮕﺪان ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ در ﺑﺎزدﻫﻲ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ زﻳﺎدي دارد. از دﺳﺖ دادن آب ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮد ﻛﻪ ﭼﻴﻨﻪ دان ﺑﻪ ﺣﻔﺮة ﺷﻜﻤﻲ ﺑﭽﺴﺒﺪ و ﻧﻴﺮوي ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮي ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪاﺳﺎزي آن ﻻزم اﺳﺖ .
ﺟﺪول – 2ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ اﻟﻜﺘﺮﻳﺴﻴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮ روي وﺟﻮد ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎي اﺳﺘﺨﻮاﻧﻲ در ﻣﺮغ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ ﺟﺮﻳﺎن ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺮق )(mA 70
170
270
ﻃﻴﻮرﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ در اﺳﺘﺨﻮان ﻛﺘﻒ)(%
12
16
24
ﻃﻴﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﻣﻨﻘﺎر )(%
2
7
7
ﻃﻴﻮر ﺑﺎ ﺷﻜﺴﺘﮕﻲ در ﭼﻨﮕﺎل ﻫﺎ )(%
11
11
17
ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﭼﺮﺑﻰ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻏﺪﺩ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﻤﺎﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻃﻌﻢ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺗﺮﻯ ﮔﻠﻴﺴﻴﺮﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﺔ ﺑﻌﺪﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺁﺭﺩ ﺫﺭﺕ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﻛﻨﺠﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻃﻰ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﻳﻚ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻟﻮﺯﺍﻟﻤﻌﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻳﺪ .ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺑﺪﻳﻊ ﻭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻻﺕ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺷﻰ ﻭ ﻭﺯﻥ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﮔﻮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﻧﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺐ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﺑﻴﺮﻯ
ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮﻯ ﻻﺷﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﺍﺯ 4 / 0ﺑﻪ 1 / 6ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻛﺴﻴﺪ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻰ ﺍﺯ 4 / 0ﺑﻪ 1 / 36ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ . ﺗﻤﺎﺱ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻻﺷﺔ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺳﺎﻟﻤﻮﻧﻼ ،ﻛﺎﻣﭙﻴﻠﻮﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ،ﺳﻮﺩﻭﻣﻮﻧﺎﺱ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﻄﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺭﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﺨﺘﻰ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻥ ﺳﻴﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﭘﺘﺎﺳﻴﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺏ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺎ 37ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻯ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﻙ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ■.
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮ ﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙ ﻱ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭ ﻏﺪﺍﺭ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃ ﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 24ﺷﻤ
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮ ﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙ ﻱ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭ ﻏﺪﺍﺭ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃ ﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 25ﺷﻤ
3
ﺭﺍﻩ ﺣﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ
◄ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻰ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻣﻰ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ .
ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻫﻮﺍ ،ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺍﺳﺖ .
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻫﻮﺍﻛﺶ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﻳﻤﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﺯﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺎً ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﭼﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻰ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ؟ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻮﺍﺏ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﮔﻔﺖ ﺳﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻯ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺮﻁ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ :ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ،ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ،ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ .ﺭﻭﻯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻭ ﻛﺎﺭﺁﻳﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺳﻔﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺨﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﻰ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻧﻤﻨﺎﻙ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﻣﺎ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ،ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺬ ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻛﺶ ﻫﺎ ،ﺩﺭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻰ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺳﺮﻳﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺯﻣﻴﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ
ﻃ ﻴ ﻮﺭ
ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﻣﻔﻴﺪﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ .ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺳﻘﻒ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻛﻒ ﺍﺗﺎﻕ ﻣﻰ ﺁﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻢ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻰ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ . ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺓ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻞ ،ﻳﻚ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﻦ 0 / 07ﻭ 0 / 12ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻭ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﺔ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 2ﺍﻳﻨﭻ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ً ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺷﻜﺎﻑ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻓﺸﺎﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﻯ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ،ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ،ﻋﺮﺽ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ،ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﻘﻒ ﻭ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺩﺭ 30ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻧﺎﮔﻬﺎﻧﻰ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻫﻮﺍﻛﺶ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﻳﻤﺮ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﺍﺯ ﻛﺠﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻬﻤﻴﺪ ؟ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ ﻫﺪﻑ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻫﻬﺎ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻮﺩ . ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ، ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻛﺶ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺎﻳﻤﺮﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﻢ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .
ﺳﺮﺩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﻫﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﻴﺖ ﺁﻣﻴﺰ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ،ﺍﮔﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﺩ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ )ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ( ﮔﺮﻣﺎ ﻧﺪﻫﻴﺪ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻤﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ 26ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺷﻮﺩ ،ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻫﻢ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺳﻔﺘﻰ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻢ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﮔﻰ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻰ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺑﺮﻗﺮﺍﺭﻯ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭ ﺳﻘﻒ ،ﺩﻣﺎﻯ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻰ ﻫﻮﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺁﻧﻜﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺁﺳﺎﻧﺘﺮ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ
ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻴﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺎﻧﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺑﭙﺮﺩﺍﺯﻳﻢ .ﺍﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺳﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻬﻮﻳﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻬﻢ ﻓﺸﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻫﻮﺍ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺩﺭﻳﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﺔ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﻯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺑﻬﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﻳﺸﻰ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ. ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻓﻀﻮﻻﺕ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺗﺮ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ■ .
ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ، ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰﻩ ﺍﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ◄ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ،ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ 2ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﺘﺎﺯ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2011ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻗﻢ
ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻬﻤﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﺩﺩﻫﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ،ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻃﻰ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ﺑﻪ 24 / 3ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﻫﺮ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻏﺬﺍﻯ
ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ،ﺑﻪ ﺗﺎﺯﮔﻰ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ ﺯﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ )ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ( ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ 13 / 7ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺧﻮﻙ
ﻧﻤﻮدار – 1روﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ در ﺟﻬﺎن در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 2000 – 2012
100ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 104ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ .(1ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ "ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻯ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺭﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ " ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ،ﺍﺯ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ،ﺳﻬﻢ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 82 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﮔﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻫﺰﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ،ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ .ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ 15 - 20ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺟﺪﻭﻝ 2ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﻤﮕﺎﻡ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﻄﺒﺎﻕ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻯ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺳﻮﺩﺩﻫﻰ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ 27ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ! ﺑﺎ ُﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ،ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ 10ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻧﻖ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2009 - 11 ﻭ 2021ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ 77 ،ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 23ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺗﻌﻠﻖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ (3ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﺎﻳﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﺗﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ،ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ "ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ" ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ 2021ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ 63ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﭼﻴﻦ ،ﻫﻨﺪ ، ژﺍﭘﻦ ،ﻛﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ .(4ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﻧﻔﻮﻻﻧﺰﺍﻯ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻫﻢ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻛﺸﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ
ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ، ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺧﻮﻙ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ .ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ 5ﻧﺤﻮﺓ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻃﻰ ﺩﻫﺔ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﻣﺪﺭﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻃﻰ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ 2020ﻋﻤﺪﺓ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ )40ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ ُﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻯ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺷﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﺭﺑﺎﺭ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ) ، (FAOﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﺯ 2 / 2ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ 1 / 8ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺎﻟﻴﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ﺍﻓﺖ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ ُﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎﻯ ﻻﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺁﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ Rabobank ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺯﻳﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﺑﺎ 3ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ
ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ 4 / 5ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ 1ﻫﻢ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﺮﺯﻳﻞ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ 13 / 3ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺁﺭژﺍﻧﺘﻴﻦ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﺰﺋﻰ ﺍﺯ 1 / 8ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2011ﺑﻪ 1 / 9ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻧﺤﻮ ،ﺑﺎ ُﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 0 / 9ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ، 2012 ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ 2 / 93 ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺎﻻﺕ ﻣﺘﺤﺪ ،ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻛﺸﻰ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺖ 1 / 8ﺩﺭﺻﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ،ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012 ﺭﺍ 16 / 4ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﮔﺬﺍﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﺎ 0 / 4ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2013ﺑﺎ 1ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ،ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2012ﻭ 2013ﺑﺎ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻭﺑﻪ ﺭﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ" .ﻛﻤﻴﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ" ﻋﻠﻴﺮﻏﻢ ﻗﻮﺍﻧﻴﻦ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺍﻡ ﻭ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺷﺪ ،ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012 ﺗﺎ 1ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2013ﺗﺎ 0 / 3ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﺔ
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﻯ ﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻭﺭﻯ ﻯ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﭙﺮﺮﻭﻭﺭ ﻭﺭ ﺮﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﺍﻣﻣ ﺩﺍﻣ ﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻏﺪﺍﺭﺭ ﻏﺪﺍ ﻣﺮﻏﺪ ﻏﺪ ﺕ ﻣﺮ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻼﻋﺎ ﻼﻋﻋﺎ ﻃﻼ 92ﺍﺍﻃ ﺑﺎﻥ 92 ﺁﺑﺎﻥﻥ ﺎﻥ ﻣﻬﺮﺮ -ﺁﺁﺑﺎﺑﺎ 28ﻣﻣﻬﻬ ﺎﺭﻩ 28 ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩﻩ ﺭﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺎﺭﺭ 2ﺷﻤ 28 8
ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﺓ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ 9 / 6ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻰ ﺩﻫﺔ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ 14ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ،ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻃﻰ
ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ 2021ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 2ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ .ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﻗﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2013 ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 9ﻣﻴﻠﻴﺎﺭﺩ ﺩﻻﺭ ﺻﺮﻑ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻝ 2006ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ 400ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺗﺴﻬﻴﻼﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺍﻓﺰﻭﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ 2020ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﻭﺳﻴﻪ ﺑﻪ 4 / 5ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﻦ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺸﻮﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺯ ﺧﻮﺩﻛﻔﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﺪ■ .
ﺟﺪول – 1ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﺔ ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎي ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪه و ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻨﻨﺪة ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮغ در ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 2008 – 2012 ﻛﺸﻮر
2008
2009
2010
2011
اﻛﺘﺒﺮ 2012
آورﻳﻞ 2012
ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪه ﭼﻴﻦ
11.84
12.1
12.55
13.2
13.8
13.37
ﺑﺮﻳﻞ EU-27 ﻫﻨﺪ
11.033
11.023
12.312
12.863
13.602
13.25
8.594 2.49
8.756 2.55
9.202 2.65
9.42 2.9
9.63 2.75
9.6 3.2
ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ
2.853
2.781
2.822
2.9
2.892
2.925
روﺳﻴﻪ
1.68
2.06
2.31
2.575
2.75
2.725
آرژاﻧﺘﻴﻦ
1.435
1.5
1.68
1.77
1.775
1.85
ﺗﺮﻛﻴﻪ
1.17
1.25
1.43
1.614
1.65
1.687
اﻧﺪوﻧﺰي
1.35
1.409
1.465
1.515
1.54
1.54
ﺗﺎﻳﻠﻨﺪ
1.17
1.2
1.28
1.35
1.42
1.42
ﺳﺎﻳﺮ
12.687
13.003
13.465
13.619
14.662
13.865
16.561
15.935
16.563
16.694
16.603
16.401
ﻛﺸﻮرﻫﺎ اﻳﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪ
ﻧﻤﻮدار – 2ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﻬﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮغ در ﺟﻬﺎن در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﻬﺎي ﻧﻬﺎده
ﻧﻤﻮدار – 3اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ در ﺑﻴﻦ دوره ﻫﺎي 2009 – 11و 2021ﻣﻴﻼدي
29ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﻧﻤﻮدار – 4رﺷﺪ و ﺗﻮﺳﻌﺔ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎن در ﺟﻬﺎن
ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ -5ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻣﺪﺭﻧﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻣﺮﻍ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ
30ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
◄ ﻃﻰ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ،ﺑﺎ ُﻛﻨﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻫﻨﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺎﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ، ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ ﺑﻤﺎﻧﺪ. ﺷﻬﺮﻧﺸﻴﻨﻰ ،ﻭ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012 - 13ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺔ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻗﻢ 0 / 7ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺳﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎً ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ، ﻏﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ) 3ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻫﺔ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ 0 /ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﻭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻧﺸﻴﻨﺎﻥ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ) 0 / 4ﺩﺭﺻﺪ( ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﮔﺸﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ.(2 )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ(1
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ" ﺩﻭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﭘﺮ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ.
ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ،ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻯ ﺩﺭ ﭼﻴﻦ ،ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﭼﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺭﻭﺳﺘﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﺸﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺔ ﻏﺬﺍ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﻰ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ.
ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻋﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻰ ،ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺔ ﻏﺬﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺍﺯ 32 / 5ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2011ﺑﻪ 33 / 1ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﺑﻪ 33 / 3ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2013ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ .ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻴﻜﻪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ "ﺳﺒﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺭﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﻤﻮدار - 1روﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮر در ﺟﻬﺎن
31ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻃﺒﻖ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻠﻞ ،ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2005 - 10 ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻫﻨﮓ 2 / 47ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ 2010 - 15ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻫﻨﮓ 2 / 46ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ)ﺟﺪﻭﻝ.(2 ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﻮ ،ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ 2003 - 12ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ 2 / 3ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ 2013 - 22 ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ 1 / 6ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺻﻨﻌﺖ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ؛ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ 2003 - 12ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ 3 / 7ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺮﺯ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ 2013 - 22ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ 1 / 9ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ .(1ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ 104ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﻮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻗﻢ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2013ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﺑﻴﻦ 106ﺗﺎ 108ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ )ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ.(1
ﺟﺪول – 1ﺑﺮآورد ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات و ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت ﺑﺎزار ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺟﻬﺎن 2011
2012
ﺑﺮآورد2013
ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮات ﺳﺎل 2013ﺑﻪ 2012
ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات ) ﻣﻴﻠﻴﻮن ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ (
در ﺟﻬﺎن
درﺻﺪ
ﻛﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪات ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ
303 / 9
297 / 6
308 / 2
1/4
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﮔﺎو
67 / 3
67 / 6
68 / 1
0/9
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮر
102 / 1
104 / 6
106 / 4
1/8
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺧﻮك
109
112 / 5
114 / 2
1/5
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ
13 / 5
13 / 6
13 / 8
1/2
ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻼت
29 / 2
29 / 9
30 / 2
1/1
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﮔﺎو
8/1
8/2
8/6
4/6
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮر
12 / 8
13 / 1
13 / 3
1/5
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺧﻮك
7/3
7/5
7/2
-4/1
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ
0/7
0/8
0/9
5/8
ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎي ﻋﺮﺿﻪ و ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﻣﺼﺮف ﺳﺮاﻧﺔ ﻏﺬا )ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﺳﺎل( ﺟﻬﺎن
42 / 5
43
43 / 1
0/4
ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ
78 / 7
79 / 1
79 / 3
0/3
در ﺣﺎل ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ
32 / 5
33 / 1
33 / 3
0/7
ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ !ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﺓ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ 20 ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ .ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺎﻝ 2022ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﻝ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2022ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ،ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﻘﺎﺿﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﻃﺒﻖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﺳﺎﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺋﻮ ،ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ 2012ﻭ 13 ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻫﺔ ﺁﺗﻰ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻧﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﺟﺪﻭﻝ.(3 ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎﻯ 2011ﻭ 12ﻭ ﺍﻭﺍﻳﻞ 2013ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﺯﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻗﻴﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﺎً ﺑﻪ ﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﺭﺳﻴﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮدار – 2رﺷﺪ درآﻣﺪ ﺳﺮاﻧﺔ روﺳﺘﺎﻳﻴﺎن ﭼﻴﻨﻲ در ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎل
32ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﺍﺟﺮﺍﻯ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻔﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ 2012ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ،ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﻋﻀﻮ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﻣﻤﻨﻮﻋﻴﺖ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺳﻨﺘﻰ ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺗﺤﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﺭﻭﭘﺎ، ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 42ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺗﺨﻤﮕﺬﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻗﻔﺲ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ،ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺮﺍﻧﻰ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﻓﺸﺎﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﺯﻳﺴﺖ ﻣﺤﻴﻄﻰ ﻭ ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩ ﻛﻼﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻤﺎﻧﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ 2012 - 13ﻣﻴﻼﺩﻯ ،ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﻴﻮﻉ ﺍﻧﻔﻮﻻﻧﺰﺍﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻛﺸﻮﺭﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻜﺰﻳﻚ ﻭ ﺭﻛﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﺎﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻃﻴﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺒﺎً ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﺳﻮﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ،ﺑﻬﺎﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻰ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺷﺪﻳﺪﺍ ً ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﺯﺍﺭ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ■.
ﺟﺪول - 2روﻧﺪ رﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﻬﺎن درﺻﺪ رﺷﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ 1990 – 95
1999-2000
2000 – 05
2005 – 10
2010 – 15
ﺟﻬﺎن
1 / 523
1 / 301
1 / 223
1 / 198
1 / 148
اﻓﺮﻳﻘﺎ
2 / 574
2 / 411
2 / 404
2 / 465
2 / 463
آﺳﻴﺎ
1 / 611
1 / 304
1 / 178
1 / 098
1 / 027
اروﭘﺎ
0 / 179
-0 / 017
0 / 106
0 / 199
0 / 076
اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎي ﻻﺗﻴﻦ
1 / 768
1 / 578
1 / 333
1 / 162
1 / 106
اﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎي ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ
1 / 047
1 / 172
0 / 937
0 / 943
0 / 827
اﻗﻴﺎﻧﻮﺳﻴﻪ
1 / 488
1 / 442
1 / 481
1 / 729
1 / 421
ﺟﺪول – 3ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﻬﺎي ﺑﻴﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﻲ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﺑﻬﺎي ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻣﺮغ )دﻻر /ﻣﺘﺮﻳﻚ ﺗﻦ( ﺳﺎل
ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻃﻴﻮر
ﺷﺎﺧﺺ
ﺷﺎﺧﺺ
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ
ﮔﻮﺷﺖ
ﮔﺎو
ﮔﻮﺳﻔﻨﺪ
ﺳﺎل
اﻳﺎﻻت ﻣﺘﺤﺪه
ﺑﺮزﻳﻞ
2004
114
112
117
2004
760
1,031
2005
132
118
113
2005
832
1,191
2006
122
119
103
2006
743
1,198
2007
151
124
105
2007
935
1,443
2008
184
157
117
2008
997
1,896
2009
162
134
109
2009
989
1,552
2010
179
163
127
2010
1,032
1,781
2011
206
189
169
2011
1,147
2,083
2012
201
190
155
2012
1,228
1,931
2013
ﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﻯ ﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻭﺭﻯ ﺮﻭﺭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﭙﺮﺮﻭﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻣﭙ ﺍﻣﭙ ﻱﻭﺩﻣ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺪﺍﺭ ﻏﺪﺍﺭﺭ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻣﺮﺮﻏﺪﺍ ﻏﺪﺍ ﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﺕ ﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎ ﻼﻋﺎ ﻃﻼ ﺎ ﻃﻼ 92ﺍﺍﻃ ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺁﺑﺎﻥ 9 ﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣ ﺮ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 33ﺷﻤ 3
ژاﻧﻮﻳﻪ
207
195
146
ژاﻧﻮﻳﻪ
1,248
2,009
ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ
212
199
140
ﻓﻮرﻳﻪ
1,218
2,113
ﻣﺎرس
217
195
136
ﻣﺎرس
1,210
2,191
آورﻳﻞ
224
196
138
آورﻳﻞ
1,270
2,245
ﻣﻲ
218
192
138
ﻣﻲ
1,237
2,189
ژوﺋﻦ
211
188
140
ژوﺋﻦ
1,270
2,050
ﺟﻮﻻي
207
189
143
ﺟﻮﻻي
1,234
2,018
ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻟﻴﺰ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ
ﺗﺮﺟﻤﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺪﻭﻳﻦ :ﺩﺍﻭﺩ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﻧﻰ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ : ◄ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ﻧﺸﺨﻮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻏﻨﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻧﺸﺨﻮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺜﻞ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ، ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﻟﺒﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻟﻴﻞ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﺮﻭﻧﺮﻯ ﻗﻠﺐ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻧﺸﺨﻮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺑﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻰ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﺌﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﮋﻭﮔﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ: ﺗﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﻋﺒﻮﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﻛﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﭘﻠﻴﻤﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻭ ﮔﺰﻳﻼﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ .ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻢ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻳﺎ ﮔﺰﻳﻼﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﻨﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ 34ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻬﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻗﻨﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ATPﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻮﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺷﺪﺷﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻯ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺴﻴﺮ ﺳﻮﺧﺖ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯ ﻛﻪ ATPﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺕ، ﭘﺮﻭﭘﻴﻮﻧﺎﺕ ،ﺑﻮﺗﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻭ ﮔﺎﺯﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ CO2ﻭ CH4ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ CH4 .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﺎﺯ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺘﺮﻭژﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻨﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺁﻣﻴﻨﻮﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﺠﺎ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻰ ﻓﺎﻳﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻇﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﻛﺎﺗﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺿﺎﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺍﻯ )ﻭ ﺁﻻﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺎ( ﺍﺯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﺷﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺴﺎﺯﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺘﺎ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ
ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻧﺪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺘﺎ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﺪﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺑﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻯ ﺭﺥ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪﻯ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺟﻨﺒﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺁﻳﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﺮﺍ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺯﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﺎﻧﺪﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ،ﺩﺭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﻜﻼﺕ ﻣﺴﻤﻮﻣﻴﺘﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ .ﺁﻥ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﺍﺕ ﻧﺸﺨﻮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ،ﺁﺭﻛﻴﺎ ،ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻭ ﻗﺎﺭچ ﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ، ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺁﺭﻛﻴﺎ)ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ( ،ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻯ ﻣﮋﻙ ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﻗﺎﺭچ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻯ. ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ، ﻛﻪ ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﻭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺸﺎﻥ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﻯ ﺷﻜﻞ CH4ﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻛﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﺜﺒﺖ Butirivibrio fibrisolvensﻧﻘﺶ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ
ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻯ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ A Butirivibrio fibrisolvensﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮﻡ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭ Bﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .ﮔﺮﻭﻩ Aﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻉ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﺌﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﮋﻭﮔﻪ ) trans11 ,cis9ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﺌﻴﻚ ﻭ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﻨﻴﻚ (18:2ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺭﻭﻣﻨﻴﻚ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ Bﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﻭ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﭙﺎﺯﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ: ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ B. hungatei .ﻭ B.proteoclasticus ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﻟﻴﭙﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ: ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﻨﻴﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﻰ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻏﻼﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ 18:2 trans11,cis9 .ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻤﻰ UFAﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻋﻀﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻰ ،ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺗﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻳﺰﻭﻣﺮ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﺌﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﮋﻭﮔﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ Butyrivibrio pseuudobutyrivibrio ﮔﻠﻴﺴﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﺗﺮﻯ ﮔﻠﻴﺴﺮﻳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ.ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻯ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﻴﭙﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺑﺎ 18:2-trans11 ,trans9ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻘﻴﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ UFAﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ. ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻌﻰ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ,cis12ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﺒﻨﻰ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎً ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﺎﻻﻛﺘﻮ -ﺳﻮﻟﻔﻮ trans10ﻳﻚ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺣﺪﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺮ ﺳﺎﺯﻭﻛﺎﺭﻯ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﺮﺍﺕ، ﻭ ﻓﺴﻔﻮ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮﺷﺎﻥ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻛﻪ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻰ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻟﻴﺰ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻰ B. hungateiﻭ B.proteoclasticusﻳﻚ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ 18:1 10-transﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻮﻛﻴﻨﺎﺯﻯ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 600ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ. ﺩﺭﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﮔﻮﺍﺭﺷﻰ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻰ ﮔﺮﻡ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻻﻳﺘﻴﻚ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻭ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ .ژﻥ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﻛﻴﻨﺎﺯ ﻟﻴﭙﺎﺯﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ: ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ .ﺗﺤﺖ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻰ ﻛﻢ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭼﺮﺑﻰ ﺩﺭ B. hungateiﻭ B.proteoclasticus ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺷﻴﺮ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻰ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ .ﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ. ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻫﻀﻢ ﺍﻏﻮﺍ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﻨﻴﻢ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺳﻴﺖ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻯ ﺍﻟﻴﺎﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﺎﺕ ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺳﻤﻰ UFAﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺁﺳﻴﻞ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻧﺨﺴﺖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ,10-transﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺁﻧﺰﻳﻤﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻠﻴﺴﺮﻭﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺑﻮﺗﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ LAﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ Araerovibrio Butyrivibrioﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ Lipolyticaﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ CLA and VA 11-trans,9-cis A. Lipolyticaﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ CLA-cis12 ,10-trans ﻳﺎ 18:1-tras10ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻤﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ. ﺩﻯ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻧﻮ ﺍﻧﻮﺋﻴﻚ ﺳﻤﻰ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺗﺴﻠﻂ ﺑﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﭙﺎﺯ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻛﻬﺎﻯ ﻣﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﭼﻮﻥ A. Lipolyticaﻓﺎﻗﺪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﻳﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﻓﺴﻔﻮ -ﮔﺎﻻﻛﺘﻮﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎﺳﺖ ،ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺭﻭﺩ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻻﻳﺘﻴﻚ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻒ ﺧﻮﺍﺭ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﻓﺴﻔﻮﮔﺎﻻﻛﺘﻮﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ Butyrivibrioﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭﻟﻴﺰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. A. Lipolyticaﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 107ﻣﻴﻠﻰ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻒ ﺧﻮﺍﺭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻓﺴﻔﻮ -ﮔﺎﻻﻛﺘﻮ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﻜﻪ Butyrvibrio sppﻧﻴﺰ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺁﺳﻴﻞ ﮔﻠﻴﺴﺮﻭﻝ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺸﻜﻨﺪButyrvibrio . sppﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﻌﺎﻳﺘﻬﺎﻯ phospholipase A، phospholipase ﻭ B، lysophospholipase phosphodiesteraseﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﻋﻤﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﭼﺮﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻒ ﺧﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﻨﻴﻚ ) (18:3-cis15,cis12,cis9ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻓﺴﻔﻮ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﺮﺍﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ. ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻧﺎﺕ ﺩﺭﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﺌﻴﻚ )cis9,12 (18:2ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺗﺮﻯ ﺁﺳﻴﻞ ﮔﻠﻴﺴﺮﻭﻝ ﭘﻴﺶ ﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ 35ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍ
ﻗﺎﺭچ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻰ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻯ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ: ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻗﺎﺭچ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ -cis 18:2 -12-cisﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﺿﺪ ﻟﻴﭙﻮژﻧﻴﻚ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ 18:2-11-trans,9ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ LAﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ﮔﺎﻭﻫﺎﻯ ﺷﻴﺮﺩﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ.ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﺍﻣﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﺑﺎ B.fibrisolven ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ 18:1 10-transﺑﻪ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺟﺎﻯ CLA 12-cis ,10-transﻟﻴﭙﻮژﻧﺰ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻯ: ﭘﺴﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ. ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺩﻯ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻧﻮ ﺍﻧﻮﺋﻴﻚ ﺳﻤﻰ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺩﻯ ﻳﺎ ﻣﻮﻧﻮ ﺍﻧﻮﺋﻴﻚ ﺳﻤﻰ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻧﺪ ﺩﻭﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻥ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ :ﻧﻈﻴﺮ LNAﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮژﻯ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ B.fibrisolvenﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ LAﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ CLAﻭ VAﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ Oleic acidﻏﻨﻰ ﺗﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺣﺪﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭﻧﺪ .ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺭﻭﻏﻨﻰ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﺌﻴﻚ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻰ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ .ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺎﺭﻳﻚ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺬﺭ ﻛﺘﺎﻥ ،ﺳﻮﻳﺎ ،ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﺯ LAﺗﻮﺳﻂ B.fibrisolvenﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ،ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﺧﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ 18:1-transﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ.ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﺎً ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺬﺭﻙ ﻭ ﺁﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻗﻄﻌﻰ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ CLA 11-trans,9-cis .ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺩﺍﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ Fasocillus sppﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻨﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭﮔﻴﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ) LAﺁﻓﺘﺎﺑﮕﺮﺩﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ( ﻛﺎﺭﺍﻳﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ
ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩﻥ CLAﺷﻴﺮ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻏﻨﻰ ﺍﺯ LNAﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ EPA .ﻭ DHAﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻣﺎﻫﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺎﺭﮔﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﺠﺰﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺎﺭﮔﻴﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻟﻮﺭﻳﻚ )(12:00 ﻭ ﻣﻴﺴﺘﺮﻳﻚ ) (14:00ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻭ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻟﻤﻴﺘﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻏﻨﻰ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻫﺎ ﻭﻗﺘﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻧﺸﺨﻮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ Methanogenesisﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ .ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺎﺭﮔﻴﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻳﻮﻧﻮﻓﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻰ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺁﻣﻮﻧﻴﺎﻙ ﻭ ﻣﺘﺎﻥ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ .ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﻧﺎﺭﮔﻴﻞ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻛﻞ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﺍﺛﺮ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻪ ،ﺷﻜﻞ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻯ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻨﺴﺎﻧﺘﺮﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻭ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺖ ﻓﻴﺰﻳﻜﻰ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ .ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻫﻜﺎﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ PUFA, VA 3-nﻭ -trans ,9-cis CLA-11ﺩﺭ ﺷﻴﺮ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺷﺖ ﻧﺸﺨﻮﺍﺭﻛﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻓﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ LNAﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ LAﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ )(protozoa ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻫﺎ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ 10ﺗﺎ 50ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ .ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ 106 CFUﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻴﻠﻰ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﻛﺴﻴﮋﻥ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺟﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ PHﺑﻴﻦ 5,5ﺗﺎ 7,3ﺍﺳﺖ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻰ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ. ﺑﻴﻜﺮﺑﻨﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﺮﺷﺤﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺍﻕ ،ﺑﺎﻓ ِﺮ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻰ ﺟﻮﻳﺪﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺨﻮﺍﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ 36ﺗﺎ 41 ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﻠﺴﻴﻮﺱ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻫﺎ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻼﻣﺘﻰ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .ﺑﻪ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﻭ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ PHﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﻛﻤﻚ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻰ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ .ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻫﻮﺍﺯﻯ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﺑﺨﺸﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﻭ ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻧﺸﺎﺳﺘﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﺰ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ) (VFAﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﻮﺍﺭﻩ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻓﺮﺍﺭ 36ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
50-70٪ﺍﺯ ﻧﻴﺎﺯﻫﺎﻯ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺄﻣﻴﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ 60-70٪ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﺍﻫﻢ ﻣﻰ ﺳﺎﺯﻧﺪ .ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻏﺬﺍﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﮋﻛﻬﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺩﻫﺎﻥ ﺷﺒﻪ ﻗﻴﻒ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻫﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﻴﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺧﻮﺭﻧﺪ .ﻫﺮﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻳﻰ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ 1000 ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺒﻠﻌﺪ. ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻧﺎﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻫﺪﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ،ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻰ ﺍﺯﺕ ﺭﺍ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ. ﭼﻨﺪﻳﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﺮ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ،PH ،ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ،ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻛﻨﺴﺎﻧﺘﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺩﺭ PHﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ.ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎﺗﻰ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺳﺎﭘﻮﻧﻴﻦ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭﻯ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﺮ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺸﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺷﺪ .ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻭ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻮﻻﻳﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ Saccharomyces.C ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻧﮕﺮﻓﺖ .ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻴﻜﻪ ﮔﺎﻭ ﻭ ﮔﺎﻭﻣﻴﺶ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺧﻮﺭﺍﻙ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﮔﺎﻭﻣﻴﺶ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻫﻰ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ)ﺩﺭﺣﺪﻭﺩ (2-3٪ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻭﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻓﻴﺒﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻯ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﮔﺎﻭﻣﻴﺶ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻯ ﻣﮋﻙ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻟﻴﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﺯ-2,6 (diaminopimelat(DAPﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﺖ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ (1986)Masson ﻭ Lingﺗﺄﻳﻴﺪ ﺷﺪ.
ﻧﻘﺶ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻯ ﻣﮋﻛﺪﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻮ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭ ژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ : 3/4ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻳﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ) .(1970 ,keeneyﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﺌﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﮋﻭﮔﻪ ) (CLAﻭ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ) (VAﺑﺎﺷﺪ(1960 and 1959)Wright . ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ Kemp ﻭ Dawsonﻣﻄﺮﺡ ﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺷﻚ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ .ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻫﻀﻤﻰ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻛﻤﻰ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ defaunation ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺭﺥ ﺩﻫﺪ)1969,Kemp Grid (1987) .(Dawson andﻭ Hawakeﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻬﻢ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺁﻳﻨﺪ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﻠﻌﻴﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻳﺎ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﻯ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻰ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺤﺘﻮﺍﻯ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻳﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ)(UFA ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ) Harfoot and;1966 ,Katz and Keeny .(1977 ,Hazlewood ﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ً ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﺌﻴﻚ ﻛﻨﮋﻭﮔﻪ ﻭ ﻭﺍﻛﺴﻴﻨﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ،ﺑﻌﻼﻭﻩ ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺗﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﺳﺎﻟﻢ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻰ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ .ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺗﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ Ophryoscolex
caudatusﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 10ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻬﺎﻯ CLA ﻭ VAﺭﺍ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ Entodinium nannelumﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ )Isotricha .(2006,.Devillard et al prostomaﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺰﺭگ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻮﻟﻮﺗﺮﻳﻚ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﺷﺪﻩ ،ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻰ ﺍﺯ CLAﻭ VAﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ .ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﻜﻮﺑﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻫﻀﻤﻰ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ LAﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺷﺒﻴﻪ ﻣﺎﻳﻊ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺻﺎﻑ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺁﻥ ﻧﺎﺷﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ،ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺨﻠﻮﻁ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻯ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ .ﻋﻜﺲ ﺟﻬﺖ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺶ، ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺯﺩﺍﻳﻰ ،ﻧﻴﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻳﻰ ﺭﺥ ﻧﺪﺍﺩ .ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺭﺍﺩﻳﻮﺍﻛﺘﻴﻮﻳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ C-stearate ﺩﺭ CLAﻳﺎ VAﺑﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﻫﻴﭻ ژﻧﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺍﻟﻰ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﺎ ژﻧﻬﺎﻯ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺭﮔﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ cDNAﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ ﻧﺸﺪ ) .(E.Devillardﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ CLAﻭ VAﻏﻨﻰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ،ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺳﻨﺘﺰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻟﺌﻴﻚ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﭘﺪﻳﺪﺍﺭ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ Dawsonﻭ (1969)Kempﺭﺍ ﺗﺎﻳﻴﺪ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺁﻥ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﻟﻴﻠﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻯ ﺣﺎﻭﻯ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭﺑﺎﻻﻯ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﻏﻴﺮﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻣﻨﺘﺞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺫﺭﺍﺕ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻰ ،ﺑﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻛﻠﺮﻭﭘﻼﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ)stern et ;1959 ,Wright .(1977,.alﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ Haws ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ) (2009ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ
37ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﻛﻠﺮﻭﭘﻼﺳﺖ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻰ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ LNA ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﺳﺖ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻯ CLAﻭ VAﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ ،ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻰ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺤﻰ ﻫﺴﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ CLAﻭ VAﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ .ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺌﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺑﻴﻔﺘﺪ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﻣﻮﻧﻮﺍﻧﻮﺋﻴﻚ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﻫﻀﻤﻰ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺁﺳﻴﺐ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺗﺮﻧﺪ .ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﻛﻨﺸﻬﺎﻯ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺑﻴﻮﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﺎﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺘﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﻳﻚ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ Boeckert ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ I.prostomaﺍﺳﻴﺪ ﻟﻴﻨﻮﻳﺌﻚ ﺭﺍ ﻫﻴﺪﺭﻭژﻧﻪ ﻧﻤﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ،ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻓﻰ ﺁﻥ ﻏﻠﻈﺘﻬﺎﻯ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ CLAﻭ VAﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﻻﻟﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺖ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺳﻰ PUFA ﺷﺎﻣﻞ CLAﻭ VAﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻳﻰ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻯ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮﺧﻰ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﮋﻙ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺑﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺴﻢ ﺟﻠﻮﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﺎﺟﺮﺕ ﻛﻪ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ);1981,.Abe et al .(1990,.Ankrah et alﺍﺧﻴﺮﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺯﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺑﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺋﻮﺩﻧﻮﻡ ﮔﻮﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻯ 12ﺗﺎ 15ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻣﻨﺸﺎ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻄﻰ ﺍﺳﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﭼﺮﺏ
ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺑﻴﻦ 30ﻭ 43ﺩﺭﺻﺪ CLAﻭ 40 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ VAﺭﺳﻴﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺋﻮﺩﻧﻮﻡ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ).(2006,.Yanez-Ruiz et al ﺳﻬﻢ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺑﺮ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻯ 16:0ﻭ 18:0 ﺑﻪ ﺩﺋﻮﺩﻧﻮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ 20ﻭ 10ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﺍﮔﺮ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻫﺎ ﺧﻮﺩﺷﺎﻥ ﻧﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ CLAﻭ VAﺭﺍ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻮﻟﻴﺴﻢ ﺷﺎﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪ ،ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﻮﺫ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﻰ ﺑﺮ CLAﻭ VAﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺩﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﺗﺠﺰﻳﻪ ﭼﺮﺑﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻯ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﺍﻯ ﻭ ﻟﻴﭙﺎﺯﻫﺎﻳﺸﺎﻥ : ﻣﺪﺍﺭﻙ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻻﻳﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﺯﻳﺮﺍ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ ﻛﻢ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﺟﺪﻳﺪﻯ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻟﻴﺰ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁﻳﻰ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪEpidinium، (1961)Wright. sppﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﻣﺴﺌﻮﻝ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ 30ﺗﺎ 40 ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﭙﻮﻻﻳﺘﻴﻜﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻤﺒﻪ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻛﺮﺩ Epidinium ecaudatum .ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﺯﺍﺩ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﻻﻛﺘﻮﺯ ﺍﺯ ﮔﺎﻻﻛﺘﻮﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﮔﺎﻻﻛﺘﻮﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻯ ﺭﺍ ﭘﻴﺸﻨﻬﺎﺩ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ،ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻟﻴﭙﺎﺯ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﺸﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ. ) .(1963 ,Bailey and Howardﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ Entodinium caudatum ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﻓﺴﻔﻮﻟﻴﭙﺎﺯﻯ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ .ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻛﻮﻧﻮﻣﻰ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻮﺯﻭﺁ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻀﻢ ﻟﻴﭙﻴﺪﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻴﺮﻩ ﺍﻯ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ■.
ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ
ﺗﺎﻟﻴﻒ :ﺩﻛﺘﺮ ﻣﺤﺴﻦ ﻭﺣﻴﺪﻣﺤﻤﺪﻯ – ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺱ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﻴﺪﺭﺯﺍﺩﻩ
ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ◄ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﻯ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻳﻜﻰ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺩﻟﻤﺸﻐﻮﻟﻰ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺨﻮﺩ ﺟﻠﺐ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ. ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﺎﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻯ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻠﻪ ،ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﻯ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺕ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻨﻰ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺨﺎﻃﺮﺍﺕ ﺑﻬﺪﺍﺷﺘﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻰ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﻧﻤﻰ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻧﻄﻔﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻧﻤﻰ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺩ . ﺩﻳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺗﻠﺮ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺷﺪ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﺍﻭﻳﺎژﻥ ،ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﻰ ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻴﻠﺪ ﻣﺮﻍ ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ،ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺕ ﺟﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻯ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﻭ ﺑﻮﻳﮋﻩ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﺮﺧﻮﺭﺩﺍﺭ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻓﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻨﺎﺭﺷﺎﻥ ﻗﺪﻣﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﺑﺰﻧﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺷﺎﻥ ﭘﻰ ﺑﺒﺮﻳﺪ . ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺎ ﻧﮕﺎﻫﻰ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻧﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ ،ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﻛﻠﻮﻧﻰ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺧﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻠﻮﻧﻰ ،ﺩﻳﺪﻯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻳﻚ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﻰ ﻭ ﭼﻪ ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻰ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻭ ﭘﻴﺎﭘﻰ ﺗﺎﻛﻴﺪ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﻨﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﻯ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﺑﺰﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎﻯ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺟﺎﻳﮕﺰﻳﻦ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ . ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺍﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﮔﺎﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ 12ﺍﺭﺩﻳﺒﻬﺸﺖ 92ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﺧﺮﻣﺪﺭﻩ)ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺳﻴﻨﺎ( ﺑﺎﺣﻀﻮﺭ ﺁﻗﺎﻯ ﺩﻳﻮﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺗﻠﺮ ،ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺤﺘﺮﻡ ﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﺷﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﺍﺟﺪﺍﺩ ﺯﺭﺑﺎﻝ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻴﻨﻄﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﺭﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻥ ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊ ﺑﺮ ﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ.ﻧﻜﺎﺕ ﻛﺎﺭﺑﺮﺩﻯ ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺘﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺸﺴﺖ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻜﻴﺪﻩ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. (1ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﻭ ﻣﻬﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﺻﻞ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺩﻗﻴﻖ ﺩﺭ 38ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ (2ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ،ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ،ﻟﻤﺲ ﻭﺍﺗﺨﺎﺫﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. (3ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻭﺗﺎﺝ ﻭﺭﻳﺶ ،ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺗﻴﻐﻰ ،ﻭﺯﻥ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ... (4ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ. (5ﻃﺮﺯ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻯ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ: ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎﻯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺖ ﭼﭗ ﺧﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ، ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻫﻤﺴﻄﺢ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﭼﭗ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ،ﺑﻪ ﻧﺤﻮﻯ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻭﻯ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ. (6ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ،ﻛﻒ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ .ﺷﻜﻞ ﻛﻒ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ)ﺷﻜﻞ U ﻳﺎ Vﺑﺎﺯﻭﺑﺴﺘﻪ( (7ﻣﻌﺎﻳﻨﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ : ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ،ﺑﺎﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﭘﻬﻠﻮﻯ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻣﻰ ﺁﻭﺭﻳﻢ ،ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ .ﺑﺎ ﺩﻭ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺷﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺭﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻴﻤﻪ ﭼﭗ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ .ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺷﻞ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻛﻨﺪ ،ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﻴﻠﻰ ﻭﺧﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﻤﻰ ﻧﺮﻡ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ. (8ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﭘﺸﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ : ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﭘﺎ ﻣﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﻴﺮﺩ .ﺍﺯ ﭘﺸﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻟﮕﻦ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ
ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻛﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻧﻊ ﺑﺨﻮﺭﺩ ،ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺗﺎ 50 ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﻮﺩ. (9ﺭﻳﺰﺵ ﭘﺮ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻘﻌﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺧﻮﺏ ﻭ ﺑﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺣﺘﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻼﻣﺴﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ. (10ﺭﻧﮓ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ :ﺑﺎ ﭘﻴﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﺟﻨﺴﻰ ﺗﺎﺝ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺶ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻴﺮﻭﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻫﺎ ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﻣﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺑﺎﻳﺪﺭﻧﮓ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ،ﺗﺎﺝ ﻭﺭﻳﺶ ﻗﺮﻣﺰ ﺗﻴﺮﻩ ﻭ ﺷﻔﺎﻑ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺳﺮﺧﻰ ﭘﺮﺭﻧﮓ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﭼﺸﻢ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻴﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﻯ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. (11ﺭﻳﺨﺘﮕﻰ ﭘﺮ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭘﺮ ﻫﺎﻯ ﭘﻬﻠﻮ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺯﻳﺎﺩ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﺮﻏﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﻭﻋﻜﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻯ ﺍﺯﺧﻮﺩﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻻﺯﻣﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻐﺬﻯ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻘﺶ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻰ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ . (12ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻛﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﺍﻧﺮژﻯ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻐﺬﻯ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻣﻰ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ (13ﭘﺮﻳﺪﮔﻰ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﭘﺮﻳﺪﮔﻰ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻥ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ ﻣﻨﺘﻬﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻤﻰ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻛﻮﭼﻚ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺑﻴﻀﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ. (14ﻛﻢ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺠﻰ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﻣﻰ ﺍﻓﺘﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻗﺐ ﺁﻥ ﺷﻞ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ. (15ﺩﺭﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ،ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ، ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺖ ﻭﻃﻰ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻰ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ . (16ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺁﺭﺍﻣﻰ ﻭﺑﺎ ﺗﺎﺧﻴﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻰ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ. (17ﺩﺭﺳﻨﻴﻦ 18ﺗﺎ 24ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﻭﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ،ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﭼﺮﺑﻰ ﺯﻳﺮﭘﻮﺳﺘﻰ ﺩﺭﻣﺮﻏﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺴﺘﻰ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻠﻤﻮﺱ ﺑﺎﺷﺪﻭﮔﺮﻧﻪ ، ﻣﺮﻏﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ 24ﺗﺎ 30ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﺩﭼﺎﺭﻟﻨﮕﺶ ﻭ ﭘﺮ ﺭﻳﺰﻯ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺷﺪ. (18ﺩﺍﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺩﺭﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ 1ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭﺩﺍﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻓﻰ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺱ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻩ ﻭﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﻜﻰ ﺩﺭﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩﻧﻤﻰ ﻛﻨﺪ .ﺑﻬﺘﺮﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺠﺎﻯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ 1ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺭﻫﻔﺘﻪ3،ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﻥ ﻫﺮ 2ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻭﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺗﻴﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﻮﺩ. (19ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﺭﻧﮓ ﭘﺮﻳﺪﮔﻰ ﭼﻬﺮﻩ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ 39ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﻮﺣﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺗﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺗﻐﺬﻳﻪ ﺑﻪ 3ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺫﻳﻞ ﺍﻗﺪﺍﻡ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ: ﺍﻟﻒ ( ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺁﻏﺎﺯﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ ﺷﺎﺭژ ﺩﺍﻧﻰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ4-2ﮔﺮﻡ ﺑﻤﺪﺕ ﻳﻚ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺯﻭﺩ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺭﻧﮓ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺮ ﻣﻴﮕﺮﺩﺩ .ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻋﺎﺩﻯ ﺑﺮﮔﺸﺖ %30ﺩﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﭘﺲ ﻣﻴﮕﻴﺮﻳﻢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺭﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻧﺮﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺣﻴﻮﺍﻥ ﻛﻢ ﻧﻜﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﻴﻢ. ﺏ (ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﮔﻰ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺭﻓﺘﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ 5ﺗﺎ 7ﮔﺮﻡ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﺩ. پ(ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺗﺮ 8ﺗﺎ 10ﮔﺮﻡ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯﻳﻚ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ . (20ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﺮﻧﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻦ 18ﺗﺎ 30 ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻰ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﻰ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ) ﻣﺜﻼ 200-150ﮔﺮﻡ ( ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺎﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩ .ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺳﺒﻚ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ. (21ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺯﺩﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺣﻮﺍﺱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺗﺎ ﺟﺎﻯ ﻣﻤﻜﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﻭ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ﺛﺒﺖ ﺷﻮﺩ . (22ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺟﺰﻭ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺖ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ . (23ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎﻳﻰ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺍﺯ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻋﻘﺐ ﻣﻰ ﺍﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ 24ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻧﻤﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ 30ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﻭ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻤﻰ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ ﺧﻮﺵ ﭘﺮ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻝ ﻣﻴﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻭﺑﺎ ﻋﻼﻳﻢ ﻭﻟﮕﺮﺩﻯ ﻭﺗﺤﺮﻙ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﺭﺳﺎﻋﺎﺕ ﻇﻬﺮﻭﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭﺧﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻟﻦ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻰ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ .ﺍﻳﻦ ﺧﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﻫﻴﭻ ﻧﻘﺸﻰ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻔﺘﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻭﺭﻯ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ،ﺑﻠﻜﻪ ﻣﺰﺍﺣﻢ ﺟﻔﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ. (24ﺑﻬﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻰ ﻭﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ،ﺻﺒﺢ ﺑﻌﺪﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺷﻨﺎﻳﻰ ﻭ ﻋﺼﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺧﺎﻣﻮﺷﻰ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ .ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻯ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻔﺖ ﮔﻴﺮﻯ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ . (25ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻭﺍﺳﻂ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺍﺣﺖ ﻣﻴﻜﻨﺪ. (26ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻰ ﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺮﻑ ﺩﺍﻥ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻳﻚ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ،ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺠﺪﻳﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﻮﺩ. (27ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻳﻚ)ﺗﺰﺭﻳﻖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻠﻪ( ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺁﻣﺮﻳﻜﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﻳﺘﺎﻧﻴﺎ
ﻣﺘﺪﺍﻭﻝ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ . .ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻳﻚ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻯ ﺗﺮﺍﺑﻞ ﺷﻮﺗﻴﻨﮓ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻏﻬﺎ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ. (28ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﻣﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍﻯ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺗﺎ 34ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ،ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺍﺯ 34ﺗﺎ 50ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ،ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺍﺯ 50ﺗﺎ ﺣﺬﻑ ﮔﻠﻪ.ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻰ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﭻ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺭﺍﻛﺜﺮﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺩﻧﻴﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﻯ ﺗﺨﻢ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﭼﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻰ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻳﻚ ﻛﺮﺩ ﻭﻟﻰ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﺳﻨﻴﻦ 42ﺗﺎ 46ﻫﻔﺘﮕﻰ ﺍﺳﺖ. (29ﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻳﻚ 30ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﺮﻭﺳﻬﺎ ﺟﺎﺑﺠﺎ ﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ 5ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﭻ ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. (30ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ 85ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ % 15-10ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺮﻣﺎﻝ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﻓﻜﺮﻯ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻛﺮﺩ. (31ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻴﻚ ،ﻭﺯﻥ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻼﻙ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﺭﻭﺭﻯ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻣﺪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺎﺑﻰ ﻭﺿﻌﻴﺖ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﻮﺩ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺳﻨﮕﻴﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﺝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺍﻥ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺳﻴﻨﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﻳﺪ ﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﺮﻭﺩ. (32ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻯ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﺑﻴﻦ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻭ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﻣﺤﻜﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ.ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺯﻫﺮﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎﻯ ﺑﺮﻫﻢ ﺯﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻮﺟﺐ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺟﻔﺘﮕﻴﺮﻯ ﻭﻧﻄﻔﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻯ ﻭﺩﺭﻧﻬﺎﻳﺖ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩﺳﺮﺍﻧﻪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪﻯ ﻭ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺳﻮﺩﺁﻭﺭﻯ ﮔﻠﻪ ﻣﺮﻍ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﻣﻴﺸﻮﺩﺍﺟﺘﻨﺎﺏ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻴﺪ. (33ﺍﺯﻣﻌﺎﻳﺐ ﺍﻳﻨﺘﺮﺍ ﺍﺳﭙﺎﻳﻚ ) ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻭﺗﻌﻮﻳﺾ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﺎﻟﻨﻬﺎﻯ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺎﺭﻡ( ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺯﺩﻥ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﻯ ﺍﺯﻣﺮﻏﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺧﺮﻭﺱ ﻭﻣﺪﺕ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﻯ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺭﻭﺍﺑﻂ ﻭﺭﻓﺘﺎﺭﻭﺍﺑﺴﺘﮕﻰ ﻣﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﻭﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻓﺖ ﻫﭻ ﻣﻰ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ■.
ﭘﻴﺶ ﺑﻴﻨﻲ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺟﻮﺟﻪ ﻳﻜﺮﺮوزه ﮔﻮﺷﺘﻲ در آذرﻣﺎه ﺳﺎل 92 ﺑﻪ ﺗﻔﻜﻜﻴﻚ اﺳﺘﺎن 25,000,000 20,000,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 5,000,000 0 آذربايجان شرقی آذربايجان غربی اردبيل اصفھان تھران چھارمحال و بختياری خراسان جنوبی خراسان رضوی خراسان شمالی خوزستان زنجان سمنان سيستان و بلوچستان فارس قزوين قم کردستان کرمان کرمانشاه گلستان گيالن لرستان مازندران مرکزی ھمدان يزد
اﺳﺘﺎن
اﺳﺘﺎن
ﻗﻄﻌﻪ
ﻗﻄﻌﻪ
آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﺷﺮﻗﻲ
5,413,331
ﻓﺎرس
1,914,242
آذرﺑﺎﻳﺠﺎن ﻏﺮﺑﻲ
8,038,565
ﻗﺰوﻳﻦ
2,397,143
اردﺑﻴﻞ
5,600,230
ﻗﻢ
800,433
اﺻﻔﻬﺎن
1,771,753
ﻛﺮدﺳﺘﺎن
233,005
ﺗﻬﺮان
3,811,445
ﻛﺮﻣﺎن
2,397,127
ﭼﻬﺎرﻣﺤﺎل و ﺑﺨﺘﻴﺎري
738,683
ﻛﺮﻣﺎﻧﺸﺎه
2,074,814
ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺟﻨﻮﺑﻲ
1,524,596
ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن
6,038,333
ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن رﺿﻮي
2,498,422
ﮔﻴﻼن
13,398,794
ﺧﺮاﺳﺎن ﺷﻤﺎﻟﻲ
1,303,117
ﻟﺮﺳﺘﺎن
541,177
ﺧﻮزﺳﺘﺎن
1,338,621
ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران
21,881,352
زﻧﺠﺎن
4,299,690
ﻣﺮﻛﺰي
3,219,687
ﺳﻤﻨﺎن
1,269,223
ﻫﻤﺪان
1,370,160
ﺳﻴﺴﺘﺎن و ﺑﻠﻮﭼﺴﺘﺎن
509,387
ﻳﺰد
1,356,942
40ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ
ميزان توليدجوجه يکروزه در آذرماه 1329 90,000,000 80,000,000 70,000,000 60,000,000 50,000,000 40,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 0 ھوبارد
راس
کاب
ﻧﮋاد
ﻗﻄﻌﻪ
ﺳﻬﻢ
آرﺑﻮراﻛﺮز
1,267,103
1
راس
81,698,843
86
ﻛﺎب
12,527,941
13
ﻫﻮﺑﺎرد
246,385
0
آربوراکرز
سھم واريته ھا در ميزان توليد جوجه در آذرماه 1392 آربوراکرز ھوبارد %1 %0 کاب % 13
راس % 86
41ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻭﺭﻯ
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙﺮ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ 42ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼ
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻯ ﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺩﺍﻣﭙﭙﺮﻭﻭﺭ ﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺩﺍﺍﻣ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺪﺍﺍﺍﺭ ﺪﺍﺭ ﻏﺪﺍﺭ ﻏﺪﺍ ﺪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻣﺮﺮﻏﻏﺪ ﻋﺎﺎﺎﺕ ﺕ ﻼﻋﺎ ﻼﻋﻋ ﺍﻃﻼ 92ﺍﻃ ﺎﻥ 92 ﺁﺑﺎﻥﻥ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁ ﺎ ﺎﺭﻩ 28 43ﺷﺷﻤﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 43
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙﺮ 44ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙﺮ ﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ 45ﺷﻤﺎ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﺭﻯ ﻭﺭﻯ ﻯ ﺮﻭﺭﺭ ﻭﺭ ﻣﭙﭙﺮﺮﺮﻭﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻣﭙ ﻱ ﻭ ﺩﺩﺍﺍﺍﻣ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺪﺍﺭﺭ ﻏﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺭ ﻏﺪﺍ ﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻣﺮﺮﻏﻏﺪ ﺪ ﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺎﺕ ﺕ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﺎﺎ ﻼﻋﺎ ﺍﻃﻼﻋ ﻼﻋ 92ﺍﻃ ﺁﺑﺎﻥﻥ 92 ﻣﻬﺮﺮ -ﺁﺁﺑﺎ 28ﻣﻬ ﻣﻬ ﺭﻩ 28 ﺎﺭﻩﻩ ﺷﻤﺎﺎﺭ ﺎﺭ 46ﺷﻤ ﺷﻤ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 46
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙﺮ 47ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ
ﺩﺍﻣﭙﺮﻭﺭﻯ ﻣﺮﻏﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﻭ ﭙﺮ 48ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ 28ﻣﻬﺮ -ﺁﺑﺎﻥ 92ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺮ