Ag & Ranching
2020
HEALTHY OR HOAX?
Contrary to claims, fake meat isn't healthier! Jennifer Whiteley The Nevada Rancher Magazine
Winnemucca, Nev. —In recent years, we have learned that certain words and phrases strike fear into the hearts of consumers. Words like GMO, Antibiotics and Hormones are bad, and phrases like Non-GMO, Antibiotic and Hormone Free, and Clean Foods are often used as selling points for many of the safe and wholesome products we are already producing in Agriculture to make consumers feel better about the foods they are buying. The term “plant based” used in reference to imitation meats is also engineered to make consumers feel better about buying faux meats. Traditional veggie burgers are made from combinations of soy, beans and lentils. They have a dry, crumbly texture that’s nothing like beef. The Impossible Burger has changed that with its pink color, juicy dribbles, smoky flavor and the ability to get that characteristically charred crust that previously only a grilled beef burger could offer, made with red, plant-based heme to make it taste meaty and look more like a
burger. (Heme is what makes meat taste like meat. It’s an essential molecule found in every living plant and animal -- most abundantly in animals. In plant based “meats,” plant-based heme is made via fermentation of genetically engineered yeast). According to advertisements by leading producers of faux meat, this meatless patty even bleeds like beef, so much so that seasoned vegans can’t tell the difference between the Impossible Burger and an actual hamburger. To some, this is good news. People actually believe that ' MEAT' CONTINUED ON PAGE 11
The burgers are relatively similar in terms of calorie count with lean ground beef, Impossible Burger and Beyond Burger all clocking in around 250 calories per patty and 20 grams of protein. The plantbased meat also has a fair amount of sodium and saturated fat. (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/ fake-meat-alternatives-are-plantbased-meats-actually-healthierthan-meat/):
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1 — Ag & Ranching, a May, 2020 publication of Nevada News Group
Controlling noxious weeds and reducing fire fuel biomass By Sean Gephart Noxious Weed Program Coordinator
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Noxious weeds are invasive plant species that can damage Nevada landscapes impacting plant diversity, property values, wildlife habitats and agricultural and rangeland production sites. Nevada currently has 54 species of noxious weeds, many of which can create a fuel source for wildfire frequency and intensity. Several of our annual grass species in particular, such as Medusahead, Ventenata and Barbed and Jointed Goatgrass, spread quickly and outcompete native vegetation, and in disturbed areas can take over, preventing other species from growing. These annual grass species can permanently disrupt the biodiversity of our rangelands. In efforts to mitigate these negative impacts associated with noxious weeds, the Nevada Department of Agriculture’s (NDA) noxious weed program coordinates resources and efforts focused on preventing noxious weeds from developing and spreading.
Perennial Pepperweed
Control noxious weeds Spring brings growth and propagation of plants across Nevada. As plants sprout and grow, identification becomes critical. Early identification of plants can aid in treatment and eradication of noxious species. Treatments can include hand pulling, mowing, grazing, herbicides, and biocontrol, where an insect or pathogen is introduced to weaken or kill the plant. Per Nevada
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2 — Ag & Ranching, a May, 2020 publication of Nevada News Group
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Revised Statue 555.130, all landowners are responsible for noxious weeds control on their property. The NDA encourages an integrated weed management approach, combining multiple control methods, to address noxious weeds. Integrated weed management relies on the following: • Early detection, rapid response and consistent monitoring are essential. 'WEEDS' continued on Page 10
Farmers and ranchers are essential! Jennifer Whiteley The Nevada Rancher Magazine
2
020 has been a crazy ride so far. Covid-19 has impacted nearly every aspect of our daily lives. From not knowing where to turn for accurate information, “nonessential” workers losing jobs, and empty shelves at the grocery store, this pandemic has touched each and every one of us. We think it is safe to say all American’s have felt some fear and anxiety when we have considered the economic impacts and the toll it is taking on our economy so far.
This column originally appeared in the May 2020 issue of the Nevada Rancher, a publication by
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Not to mention the strain of actually contracting Covid-19. While schools were closed and classes cancelled, events postponed or completely cancelled, and stores limiting the quantities of products purchased, those of us in agriculture are still
trucking along. Cows still have to eat. Meadows still need to be drug and prepared for irrigation and crop production. Cows are still being turned out and calves are still being branded. We are still doing what we do best. Growing the products that feed the world. If you are lucky, you have a few extra hands to help you do these things who might normally be in school, you are teaching the next generation of farmers and ranchers a love and respect of the land and animals that make our livelihoods in the best classroom available. We here at the Nevada Rancher Magazine hope you are surviving this global pandemic, social distancing, and that when this all blows over, the rest of the world appreciates your contribution to making America great just as much as we do! We see what you are doing and we appreciate you!
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Ag & Ranching, a May, 2020 publication of Nevada News Group — 3
Hypomagnesemia
Grass Tetany in Cattle By Sarah P Hummel, DVM There is a lot of information out there on grass tetany in cattle and sheep as well so this will be a reminder and an overview. Grass Tetany occurs when the magnesium levels drop too low in the blood and the cerebral fluid (fluid surrounding and nourishing your brain and spinal cord). It is a relatively common problem that we see in the cow-calf industry especially in the spring. We saw a lot of these cases last year, but I don’t foresee this to be as big of a problem this year given our dryer conditions. It is good to have this on your mind especially during those wet years when the grasses are springing up like crazy and the cattle can’t eat enough of it. Low blood magnesium levels can be caused by not consuming enough magnesium or consuming too much potassium, as potassium can block the absorption of magnesium. Grass tetany generally occurs in early spring while cattle are eating new grasses, and during early lactation when an excessive amount of magnesium and calcium is being excreted to make milk. If a herd is on the brink of being low in magnesium, you can precipitate the signs when you move them or cause other stressors. Signs of grass tetany are crazy, wild-eyed cattle, sometimes they act like they are blind, down cows that are stiff and have loud and high heart rate (as opposed to a soft and slow heart rate as seen
with low calcium), they often paddle when they are down, they are incredibly twitchy and excitable. Grass tetany and milk fever (low calcium) can
'TETANY' continued on Page Seven
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4 — Ag & Ranching, a May, 2020 publication of Nevada News Group
NRCS, Partners Seek to Assist Bi-State Sage-Grouse Area Ranchers With Conservation Through Partnership Project RENO — USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) is accepting applications for the Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) – Livestock in Harmony with Bi-State Sage-Grouse project. This RCPP project contains two funding streams: one from the Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP) and one from the Agricultural Conservation Easement Program (ACEP). All ACEP funds under this agreement have been expended, however limited EQIP funding is still available. The deadline for EQIP applications is June 19, 2020. The purpose of the Livestock in Harmony with Bi-State SageGrouse RCPP is to assist agricultural producers as they plan and adopt conservation practices that will restore sage-grouse and other wildlife habitat, improve agricultural water quality, conserve private ranchlands and upgrade agricultural infrastructure. The RCPP prioritizes those conserva-tion practices in the Bi-State area that focus on the implementation of pasture and range-land management practices to improve: • Water Quality • Wetlands • Sage-Grouse Habitat • Rangeland Ecosystems
PROJECT LOCATION: The Bi-State region includes portions of Douglas, Lyon, Carson City, Mineral, and Es-meralda Counties in Nevada, and portions of Inyo, Mono, and Alpine Counties of Califor-nia—in total, an area of 7,000 square miles. The Bi-State encompasses an area approxi-mately 170 miles long and up to 60 miles wide. Private landowners, and, under some cir-cumstances, ranchers with the authority to operate on public lands (e.g. a grazing lease or permit) are eligible for assistance. Please refer to the map for the boundaries of this RCPP.
E A
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ABOUT RCPP: The Regional Conservation Partnership Program (RCPP) was created as part of the 2014 Farm Bill. The purpose of RCPP is to demonstrate the power of welldesigned, public-private partnerships to maximize the impact of federal conservation programs.
ABOUT EQIP:
EQIP is a voluntary, conservation program administered by NRCS that can provide financial and technical assistance to install conservation practices that address natural resource concerns. The purpose of EQIP is to promote agricultural production, forest manage-ment, and environmental quality as compatible
goals; to optimize environmental benefits; and to help farmers and ranchers meet Federal, State, Tribal, and local environmental regulations. The EQIP funds are to assist with land improvements that will help address the following resource concerns: soil erosion, soil quality degradation, insufficient water, water quality degradation, inadequate habitat for fish and wildlife, and air quality impacts.
ny with Bi-State Sage Grouse RCPP brings together many partners: Eastern Sierra Land Trust, Eastern Sierra Audubon Society, The Nature Conserv-ancy, Mono County Resource Conservation District, Mono County, Nevada Department of Wildlife, California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Forest Service, U.S. Fish
and Wildlife Service – Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program, United States Geological Survey, NRCS and private landowners in an effort to leverage additional funding to conserve working ranches and farms in the Bi-State sage grouse area that borders the Eastern Sierra in Nevada and California.
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Ag & Ranching, a May, 2020 publication of Nevada News Group — 5
Cooking: 1. Combine the beef Chuck Pot Roast, bell pepper, onion, lime juice, oil, garlic, 1/4 tea-spoon salt and black pepper in large bowl. Marinate in refrigerator for 15 minutes or up to 1-1/2 hours. 2. Heat a large, nonstick skillet over medium-high heat until hot. Spread
With so many consumers cooking from home more often these days, beefitswhatsfordin-ner. com is offering up some great tips for the home chef, including guides on batch cooking beef cuts to allow one cooking session to cover several meals. In this recipe, for example, you can take leftover Pot Roast to the next level. Traditionally known as Vaca Frita, sautéed beef with bell pepper, onion and lime juice, commonly served with rice and black beans. Delicious!
1/3 of beef mix-ture in thin layer in skillet. Cook until crispy in spots, turning several times, 2 to 3 minutes. Remove
Ingredients: • 12 ounces shredded cooked beef Chuck Pot Roast • 1 cup sliced green bell pepper • 1 cup sliced onion • 1/4 cup fresh lime juice • 2 tablespoons olive oil • 2 teaspoons minced garlic • 1/2 teaspoon salt, divided • 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper • Hot cooked rice, black beans and lime wedges (optional)
from skillet. Repeat twice with remaining beef mixture. 3. Season beef with remaining 1/4 teaspoon of salt. Serve with rice, black beans and lime wedges as desired.
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SMITH VALLEY GARAGE
TETANY
(continued from Page Four)
sometimes be difficult to distinguish and they often occur concurrently. Heart rate can help with that but the treatment generally covers both conditions. Treatment for a symptomatic grass tetany cow is to administer magnesium intravenously (in the vein) or subcutaneously (under the skin), often in a mixture called CMPK, which contains calcium, magnesium, phosphorous and potassium. This is readily found at most farm supply stores. If you do administer this product in the vein, you want to do it slowly, over 7-10 minutes as it can cause heart failure and death if it is given too fast. Alternatively, you can treat cattle with an Epsom salt enema (about 60 grams in 4 cups of warm water), as Epsom salt is made of magnesium sulfate and absorbs better rectally than orally. It may take a few hours after treatment for the cows to respond as opposed to milk fever cows that generally get up immediately after treatment. This is because it takes longer to correct magnesium deficiencies in the blood and cerebral spinal fluid. It is always important to keep other differentials (possible causes of disease) in mind especially if your treatment fails. Conditions that look similar to grass tetany include: Tetanus,
milk fever, lead poisoning, polio (or polioencephalomalacia), and even some clostridial enterotoxemias (infections in the gut) can look similar. A veterinarian can often rule out these other causes with a thorough exam, blood work, and necropsies. If you are concerned you can test your forage or grass. If the magnesium is low, or the ratio of potassium to calcium and magnesium is low then you would be warranted to implement grass tetany prevention measures. There are several commercial products available to prevent grass tetany and the rule of thumb is you want to deliver 1-2 oz of magnesium per cow per day. One recommended product is Vita-lix High Mg tubs which seems to be palatable. There are also spray on additives available to put on forage or crops that are high risk. Alternatively, you can add Epsom salts (magnesium sulfate) to drinking water. You just want to make sure you are not adding too much and dissuading that cattle from going to water. Happy calving season! If you have any questions regarding diagnosing, treating, or preventing grass tetany, I love hearing from the readers. Please feel free to call me at (775) 530-4137.
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COOL Frequently Asked Questions Regarding COVID-19 Enforcement Discretion 1. How will the COOL enforcement discretion be exercised?
products that were originally intended for and shipped into the retail market channel.
To facilitate the movement of food from food service distributors and restaurants that may not be able to be used, USDA will not take enforcement action for a 60-day period, beginning April 20, 2020, against a retailer who is marketing product that was originally shipped for foodservice and therefore does not have a country of origin or method of production label, provided that the food does not make any country of origin or method of production claims. Once the 60-day period has ended, USDA will continue its regular compliance and enforcement activities and will no longer exercise enforcement discretion for this limited subset of foods. This enforcement discretion does not apply to food
2. Why did USDA decide to allow this flexibility? During this pandemic, it is necessary to maximize the utilization of food and this flexibility will allow food to be diverted from restaurants to retail, ensuring that food is made available to families around the country during the COVID-19 pandemic, when retailers, such as supermarkets, are experiencing greater demand. These flexibilities will also help restaurants and their suppliers access additional markets with food that would otherwise not be used due to restaurant closures. These actions are in line with similar labeling flexibilities allowed by the Food and Drug Administration
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and USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service. 3. What foods are covered by COOL? COOL is a labeling law that requires retailers to notify their customers with information regarding where certain foods originated. Covered commodities include muscle cut and ground meats (lamb, goat, and chicken); wild and farm-raised fish and shellfish; fresh and frozen fruits and vegetables; peanuts, pecans and macadamia nuts; and ginseng. Ordinarily, commodities subject to COOL requirements are not required to include a country of origin or method of production label when distributed to foodservice, but the labels are required when these foods are sold at retail establishments. 4. Why did USDA not limit enforcement discretion to items other than fresh fruit and vegetables?
USDA received requests from industry stakeholders to provide flexibilities for all covered commodities to facilitate the efficient distribution and sale of foods that would otherwise not be used due to government-mandated restaurant closures during the COVID-19 pandemic. By allowing foods previously destined for restaurants to be diverted to retail, the flexibilities can reduce food waste and allow retailers to restock shelves in order to meet higher-than-usual consumer demand. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables is consistent with USDA attempts to assist all affected commodity sectors impacted by COVID-19, and allow for the movement of these items to consumers through available retail outlets. 5. How does USDA plan to prevent foreign producers from taking advantage of the COOL enforcement flexibility?
This enforcement discretion only applies to products already in inventory and previously packaged and shipped for foodservice. All products currently being imported must continue to meet all applicable Federal laws, including country of origin laws enforced by U.S. Customs and Border Protection. USDA will continue to enforce compliance with COOL requirements for all covered commodities sold at retail that are not diverted from the foodservice sector, ensuring that they continue to be properly and accurately labeled. 6. Will the enforcement discretion be extended beyond 60 days? USDA will review feedback, along with any continued requests for flexibility, and assess whether enforcement discretion will be extended.
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Ranch kids in the old days
Religion, ranch-style
he was having an issue with the smell. But we assured him he would get used to it, for some unknown reason he seemed to. Second thing was he had to leave it in for 12 hours. About that time Mother called us in for supper; Albert was really fast and he beat us to the kitchen by a long way, but we were close
O
ne spring our Mother decided her kids needed some religion, so she rang up the Catholic sisters, who did house... err...ranch calls. What better way to educate the unruly rascals, if they won’t go to church? Take the church to them! Sister Ana Marie and Sister Francis would come putting down the road in their little grey car, if Shep was doing his job, he’d bark and I’d head for the sagebrush. It wasn’t these sisters’ first rodeo and they soon bribed Shep; the bugger was actually glad to see them. We spent several afternoons in the house and the sisters were pretty nice, kinda country. One afternoon just as they were getting out of the car, my sister Lorey — she was always the thinker — told the sisters it was time to feed the lambs, and would they like to help? We had about 30 head of bummers and they were hungry. We’d put the pop bottle with nipples on in these special holders, it was easy, or we could hold the bottles. Little brother Billy Joe was showing the sisters how to hold the bottles to keep the nipples from getting jerked off. For some reason he got the Nuns right in the pen with them bummers, a bottle in each hand. Sister Francis was even trying to hold one between her knees. Of course, they were in their Black Habits which were soon covered with Lamb slime and foamy milk. Ana Marie even had a couple lambs under her skirt. We all were laughing and yelling, Billy Joe was dancing a jig, Shep joined in and was barking. All the noise attracted the attention of Mother in the house who came marching towards the pens. Shep saw her first and split, it was my first knowledge of the expression “being stuck between a rock a hard place!” Lorey & Billy Joe just stood there with grins and tried to look innocent. Both sisters were having such a great time they
were still giggling, but they looked like they had been drug through the lamb pens. Mother got them out of the pen and tried to get them cleaned up. The sisters were OK with the whole adventure … Mother was not! I could tell it was going to be long night. I’m getting a little ahead of myself. We did have a radio, but no TV, no video games, no iPads, so as all enterprising ranch kids we invented our entertainment. Things like trapping ground squirrels, or drowning them out of their hole for Shep to kill. Or breaking calves to ride or roping chickens. When I was about 12, our cousin Albert, a juvenile delinquent from California, was sent to live with “Uncle Bill” on the ranch to learn to walk the straight & narrow. He adored our dad, Uncle Bill. Lorey an Billy Joe and I really got tired of him saying that, so much we got to picking on him. Uncle Bill had really curly hair and Albert kept saying he really wanted to have curly hair too. Me and sister Lorey told him, “Look at Billy Joe, he has nice curly hair too.” We concocted this plan and on the way to the chicken house, explaining to him that Dad had used this method to get his & Billy Joe’s hair to curl that way. First thing you needed to do was scoop up some of that green & white stuff under the chicken roost and rub it in all over your head. Remember, he was a city kid, what we said Uncle Bill did was gospel. Much to our surprise, he did it! However,
enough to hear our mother scream. She made him wash up in the horse trough. By today’s standards, my sister and I were child abused with a switch! It’s all in a day’s ride! Contact David to purchase his book at dhranch3@gmail. com.
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Ag & Ranching, a May, 2020 publication of Nevada News Group — 9
WEEDS
(continued from Page Two)
• Control methods may require multiple applications or methods in one growing season or over several growing seasons. • Plant competitive species to reduce recurrence of weeds. • Carefully follow label instructions if using pesticides. • Be diligent, some weeds take multiple seasons to control.
Common noxious weeds in Nevada As mentioned, there are currently 54 designated noxious weeds in Nevada that have been destructive to the natural environment and can act as fuel for fires. Here are a few to monitor for and tips for removal: Annuals like Yellow Starthistle that have not flowered (or “gone to seed”) can be mowed or sprayed. These plants will likely need to be mowed or sprayed twice over the season as they finish their growth cycle. Biennials such as Scotch Thistle or Musk Thistle, which
take two years to reach maturity and seed, can have the flowering heads cut off, placed in bags and thrown away. Before the plant matures into a tall, flowering plant, the roots can be dug up with a shovel to prevent the plant from reaching maturity the following year. This is also known as removing the plant at the rosette stage. Perennials like Perennial Pepperweed (also known as Tall Whitetop), should be sprayed with an appropriate herbicide to achieve long term results or, if chemicals are not an option, the plant should be mowed annually before flower or seed development emerges. This plant can spread through propagative roots, so it is important to not till it as it can sprout more plants from each severed root tip.
Keep noxious weeds away from your property Keeping noxious weeds away from uninfected areas is a large part of the battle. Always remember to clean your vehicle, clothes and pets if you have been in a weedinfested area. Use certified weed free forage and gravel
Scotch Thistle Rossette
materials to ensure you are not bringing noxious weeds onto your land. You can find a full list of certified weed free producers agri.nv.gov/ NoxiousWeeds.
Noxious weed resources are available The NDA can help landowners identify and develop a proper management strategy. There are several other local, regional and state resources available as well:
• Find a Cooperative Weed Management Area (CWMA) that serves your area –agri. nv.gov/cwma • UNR Cooperative Extension (UNCE), for help with identification – unce.unr.edu • Download the EDDMapS app (available for iPhone and android) to monitor treatments and help the NDA manage throughout the state • The Quick Reference Guide can help in identifying noxious weed species and
can be found at agri.nv.gov/ NoxiousWeeds. • Contact us for additional resources and help with identification: Sean Gephart sgephart@agri.nv.gov (775) 353-3717 Andrea Moe amoe@agri.nv.gov (775) 353-3672 agri.nv.gov/NoxiousWeeds
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MEAT
(continued from Page One)
agriculture, primarily beef production is one of the largest factors contributing to climate change and global warming. They believe that becoming vegan or cutting down on your own personal meat consumption could be the single most effective action you can personally take to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In truth, animal agriculture is responsible for only 13-18% of human caused greenhouse gas emissions globally, even lower in the U.S. Fossil fuel combustion for energy and transportation is responsible for approximately 64% of human caused greenhouse gas emissions globally. (www. Skepticalscience.com, September 2017). Two of the most popular meat alternative companies are Impossible Burger and Beyond Burger which are available in 40,000 restaurants and grocery stores combined. While they use relatively similar ingredients, they do differ in key components of their proteins. The Beyond Burger is made with ingredients like peas, mung beans and rice while the Impossible Burger includes soy protein concentrate, coconut oil and sunflower oil. All that said, it doesn’t mean it’s necessarily healthier than meat. For example, the burgers are relatively similar in terms of calorie count with lean ground beef, Impossible Burger and Beyond Burger all clocking in around 250 calories per patty and 20 grams of
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Trivia quiz: following are the ingredients of three food/feed items. Two of them are fake burgers (Impossible Foods and Beyond Meat) and the third is premium dog food. Can you pick which is dog food? The answer is the first is the Beyond Burger, the second is a premium dog food, the third is the Impossible Burger. protein. The plant-based meat also has a fair amount of sodium and saturated fat. “About 6 to 8 grams (saturated fat) and the recommendation is to have 13 grams per day,” CBS New’s Dr. Tara Narula said in an interview on CBS This Morning. “So 6 to 8 is already a fair amount. And then they all have no cholesterol. So, you know, they are relatively healthy. It’s not something you’d want to put in your diet every single day, but you can build it in.” From a health perspective, many plant based faux- meats are highly processed and made with unfamiliar ingredients, something health professionals have steered people away from for decades. A Burger King Impossible Whopper and a regular Whopper have about the same calories (630, which come mostly from added oils vs. 660 which come from meat)
and both contain unhealthy amounts of saturated fat and salt and more saturated fat than a regular hamburger made from lean beef. Whole Foods CEO John Mackey, who has been vegan for more than 20 years, says he can’t endorse any plant-based meat substitutes currently on the market due to their ingredient lists. “I don’t think eating highly processed foods is healthy,” Mackey said in a 2019 interview with CNBC. “I think people thrive on eating whole foods. As for health, I will not endorse that, and that is about as big of criticism that I will do in public.” Writing in the health journal BMJ Nutrition, Prevention & Health, Dr. Emma Derbyshire says a plant-based diet lacks choline — a key nutrient for mental development. It is mainly found in beef, eggs, dairy,
fish and chicken. According to Derbyshire, studies suggest low levels in pregnancy can harm the fetus and raise the child’s risk of memory and brainpower problems. Nutritionists also say nine in 10 adults are lacking in choline and that will worsen as more ditch meat and eggs. “It could leave many women of childbearing age deficient in this key nutrient,” Derbyshire said. (Nick McDermott, The Sun August 2019). Another major concern of plant based faux meats is the amount of estrogen in the product. Dr. James Stangle, a South Dakota veterinarian issued a
warning about imitation meat products. “The impossible whopper patty is made from 24 ingredients,” Stangle wrote. “The most important ingredient is soy protein. The whopper patty has just one ingredient. That would be beef. The impossible whopper has 44mg of estrogen and the whopper has 2.5 ng of estrogen.” There are 1 million nanograms (ng) in 1 milligram (mg). Essentially, the impossible whopper has 18 million times as much estrogen as a regular whopper. While the idea of a plant based faux meat may give consumers the illusion that they are being more ecofriendly, lowering their carbon footprint, and putting safer, more wholesome foods into their bodies they really aren’t. They are largely misinformed. Professor Robert Pickard, emeritus professor of neurobiology at Cardiff University, said “Red meat is the most nutritious food you have available on your plate. It contains all the minerals, all the vitamins, all the protein amino acids which are required in the correct ratio and all the fats which are required in the correct ratio. It is the most perfect food for a human being and coming close behind it is milk. Babies build their entire bodies getting nothing but milk for months and months.”
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Orovada, Nevada 12 — Ag & Ranching, a May, 2020 publication of Nevada News Group