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FUEL CONSUMPTION
ร lvaro Terรกn Serrano
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CONTENTS
UNITS OF MEASURE
FUEL CONSUMPTION
POWER VS SPEED
HOW TO GET A BETTER FUEL ECONOMY
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1) UNITS OF MEASURE • Two common ways to measure fuel usage: a)Fuel consumption: the amount of fuel used per unit distance. (L/100Km) b)Fuel economy: the distance traveled per unit of fuel used. (Km/L)
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2) FUEL CONSUMPTION The energy loss in moving a car may be summarized as follow: 1)physical losses: • Air resistance • Rolling resistance • Aerodynamic drag • Weight 2)Technical losses: • Friction brakes • Transmission • Air conditioning • Electrical systems
Logo Energy dissipation in city and highway driving
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POWER VS SPEED • The power required to push a car down the road follows the next equation:
• Road load power = a∙v + b∙v² + c∙v³
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Road load power = a∙v + b∙v² + c∙v³ • v - velocity of the car • a - constant (rolling resistance of the tires and friction in car’s components) • b - constant (rolling resistance of the tires, friction in car’s components and power used by various pumps) • c - constant (aerodynamic drag and air resistance)
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POWER VS SPEED: Conclusions • These constant will be different for every cars. But the bottom line is, if you double your speed, you will increase the power required by much more than double. • This equation has a problem, with v=0 the power is not 0. Because your engine is still running.
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“SWEET SPOT” • A sweet spot on the speedometer is a numerical place where we get the best mileage for our car. • We get the sweet spot between 40-60 mph. • Smaller, lighter, more aerodynamic cars will get their best mileage at higher speeds. • Bigger, heavier, less aerodynamic vehicles will get their best mileage at lower speeds.
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HOW TO GET BETTER FUEL ECONOMY Two ways
To improve your fuel economy
To buy a fuelefficient vehicle
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HOW TO GET BETTER FUEL ECONOMY 1) How to improve your fuel economy. A set of driving tips that will help you improve your vehicle´s fuel economy. Three steps: a) Alter your driving style. b) Maintain your vehicle. c) Modify your driving mentality.
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1.a. ALTER YOUR DRIVING STYLE • Slowdown. • Take it easy on the throttle. Don’t accelerate quickly or stomp on the brakes. • Shut down. Turn off your engine. • Don´t worm up your vehicle for more than 30 seconds. • Windows up. Windows down creates aerodynamic drag.
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1.b. MAINTAIN YOUR VEHICLE • Check your tire pressure. • Breathe easy. • Make sure your vehicle is in top running order. • Buy the right gas. • Lighten up. Clean out the trunk. • Grease up. Use the specified motor oil.
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1.c. MODIFY YOUR DRIVING MENTALITY • Combine trips. • Let someone else drive sometimes. • Get some exercise. Walk or ride a bike. • Cool down.
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HOW TO GET BETTER FUEL ECONOMY 2) How to buy a fuel-efficient vehicle. The factors you should consider when selecting a more fuel-efficient vehicle, whether you are looking for a hybrid or a conventional vehicle.
Logo 2. HOW TO BUY A FUEL-EFFICIENT VEHICLE Two options
HYBRID CARS
EFFICIENT CONVENCIONAL VEHICLES
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HYBRID CARS • Hybrids use a gasoline engine as their main power source, and they also have an electric motor for additional energy.
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TOYOTA PRIUS • Toyota Prius was the first mass-producted hybrid car sold in The United states. • It is sold in more than 40 countries.
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TOYOTA PRIUS: FEATURES
• Regenerative braking • Two electric motor/ generators. • A vacuum flask • Vehicle weight is reduced
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OTHER HYBRIDS •
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Toyota: • Toyota Camry • Toyota Highlander • Lexus Honda: • Civic and Accord sedan Ford: • Escape and Mercury General motors: • Vue suv
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HYBRIDS : great disadvantage
THE PRICE!!
Logo EFFICIENT CONVENCIONAL VEHICLES • • •
SUBCOMPACTS CARS Chevrolet Aveo Honda Fit Hyundai Accent
VEHICLES WITH INCORPORATE TECNOLOGY TO HELP THE FUELEFFICIENT
Logo VEHICLES WITH INCORPORATE TECNOLOGY TO HELP THE FUEL-EFFICIENT
Examples: • cylinder deactivation • Lighter materials for moving parts • Degenerative braking • Electronic control of the cooling system • Variable valve timing
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ร lvaro Terรกn Serrano