Hungary Made by: Réka Marincsák 15.April.2010
Table of contents • Introduction • Geography, people, government, economy • Education • Cultural conflicts in Hungary • What is a „Hungarikum” ?
Background • Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 • Part of the AustroHungarian Empire • Under communist rule • „ Goulash Communism” • 1990 initiated a free market economy • 1999: joined NATO • 2004: EU
Geography • Location: EastCentral Europe • Climate: temperate; humid winters; warm summers • Elevation extremes: lowest point: Tisza River 78 m, highest point: Kékes 1,014 m • Natural resources: bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
People • Population: 9.905.596 (July 2009 est.) • Population growth: 0.257% (2009 est.) • The age pyramid of the Hungarian population is among the most irregular ones in Europe • Urbanization: urban population: 68% of total population rate: 0.257% (2009 est.) • Ethnic groups: Hungarian 92.3%, Roma 5%, other or unknown 3% • Religions: Roman Catholic 51.9%, Calvinist 15.9%, Lutheran 3%, Greek Catholic 2.6%, other Christian 1%, other or unspecified 11.1%, unaffiliated 14.5%
Education • The official language of instruction is Hungarian, but a number of ethnic and national minorities (e.g. German, Romanian, Slovene, Serb and Croatian) have minority educational institutions with their own languages • The general phase of education lasts until the age of 16 in Hungary's education system
Organization of the educational system • PrePrimary education • Primary education • Secondary education • Higher education
Actual politics • Parlamentary elections were held on 11 April 2010 • 6. election after the end of communism • Fidesz (Hungarian Civic Union) won the absolute majority of seats(53%) enough to form a government on its own • New prime minister: Viktor Orban • MSZP(Hungarian Socialist Party): 7,25% Jobbik(Movement for a better Hungary):6,74% LMP(Politics can be different):1,3%
• Radical nacionalist party: Jobbik • Railed against Gypsy crime and Jews • Has launched a campaign against what it refers to as "Roma crime." • People are afraid of the radicalism and racism
Cultural conflicts in Hungary Confl i ct between H ungar y and Sl ovaki a • Biggest problem: different historical conception (Treaty of Trianon,signed in Versailles,1920) • spent 1000 years together • ethnic Hungarians make up 10 percent of Slovakia's population of 5.4 million • extremist groups in Hungary, who want to set back the old, historical, “Greater Hungary”
Conflict between hungarian and roma people • Rising ethnic tensions are a huge problem, which getting worse • The segregation is more bigger in the bigger settlements • There is a living separation in almost every settlement • The separation depends on the number of the habitants + construction of the settlement
The characteristics of the parts of Hungary
• South Transdanubium: living together (hungarian and roma people) • Central and eastern Hungary: living separation
Hungaricum A consumer good or other product linked with Hungarian production culture and knowledge, with the traditions of the generations of people living here, and they can only be produced in Hungary
• • • • • •
Tokaji aszú (wine) Túró rudi Paprika (from Kalocsa and Szeged) Unicum Pálinka Rubiks cube
• Túró rudi Cottage cheese bar covered with chocolate Very popular in Hungary One of the first, own hungarian milkdessert
• Pálinka Traditional hungarian fruit brandy, made from: plums, pears or apricot Very strong, it’s alcohol content is about 5055 % Types of pálinka: kisüsti(small pot), érlelt(aged), ó(old), ágyas(bedside), törköly(grape palinka) A popular saying in Hungary says: „what can be used to prepare jam can also be used to produce pálinka”
Rubiks cube
• 3D mechanical puzzle, invented in 1974 by Hungarian sculptor and professor of architecture: Ernö Rubik • In 2009, 350 million cubes have sold worldwide • In a classic Rubik's Cube, each of the six faces is covered by nine stickers, among six colours (traditionally white, red, blue, orange, green, and yellow) • For the puzzle to be solved, each face must be a solid colour
• Budapest by night
• The chain bridge
• Lake Balaton
Thank you for your attention!