Team IDEATE _Design Report_ Solar Decathlon 2021 by Jainil Sachde

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Table of Content

I. Executive Summary 01

II. Team Introduction

III. Project Introduction

IV. Goals

V. Documentation of Design Process

VI. Design Progress

VII. Project Completion Plan

VIII. Appendix A IX. Appendix B X. Appendix C XI. Appendix D

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List of Figures

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Fig 01. Satelite Images, Location of the site, Siri Sampada Fig 02. Target User Group Study Fig 03. Diagram of Unit Fig 04. Concept diagram 1 Fig 05. Concept diagram 2 Fig 06. Site Plan Fig 07. Morning Shadow Patterns -9:30am Fig 08. Afternoon Shadow Patterns-12:30pm Fig 09. Evening Shadow Patterns -16:30pm Fig 10. Cluster 1 Layouts Fig 11. Cluster 2 Layouts Fig 12. Cluster 3 Layouts Fig 13. Cluster 4 Layouts Fig 14. Wall Section Fig 15. Cluster representation in 3D model Fig 16. Cluster representation in 3D model Fig 17. Cluster representation in 3D model Fig 18. Reinforcement Detail Diagram Fig 19. Structural layout of Cluster 1 Fig 20. Structural layout of Cluster 2 Fig 21. Structural layout of Cluster 3 Fig 22. Exploded Axo. View - cluster 2 Fig 23. Exploded Axo. View - cluster 1 Fig 24. Exploded Axo. View - cluster 3 Fig 25. Plumbing Lauout of cluster 1- Ground Floor Fig 26. Plumbing Lauout of cluster 2- Ground Floor Fig 27. Plumbing Lauout of cluster 3- Ground Floor Fig 28. Plumbing Lauout of cluster 1- First Floor Fig 29. Plumbing Lauout of cluster 2- First Floor Fig 30. Pumbing Layout of Cluster 3-First Floor Fig 31. Cluster with 40% WWR Fig 32. Cluster with 50% WWR Fig 33. Simulation trials Fig 34. Cluster 1 Day light simulation Fig 35. Cluster 2 Day light simulation Fig 36. Cluster 3 Day light simulation Fig 37. Natural Ventilation Fig 38. Comparitive simulation for overhangs Fig 39. Sewage treatment plant diagram Fig 40. Water Cycle Fig 41. Filter for Rain Water Harvesting Fig 42. Roof Garden Details Fig 43. Louvered Weather Shed

03 04 07 07 07 08 09 09 09 10 10 11 11 12 13 13 13 13 14 14 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 17 17 18 18 18 20 21 22 23 24

List of Tables Table 01. Use of efficient electrical appliances calculation Table 02. Water recycling and reuse quantity Table 03. Domestic water usage and target to be achieved Table 04. Water cycle calculation Table 05. Rain water harvesting calculation Solar Decathlon 2020-21

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

The approach and decision towards the housing typology is done as per the detailed context study. So we have accordingly given the MIG in which there are different layouts proposed. To attain carbon neutrality we have taken necessary steps for example we replaced cement with fly ash in the preparation of the concrete. A special proposal for an STP and grey water plant has been made so that the housing doesn’t load the government sewage plants and this would also help in recharging ground water table. By recognizing the local materials available for the interior finish of the house we have encouraged the use of local materials which are available nearby and hence we have also created jobs for the local semi-skilled and un-skilled labourers. This step would also preserve the heritage and the culture of the city. The differently sized courtyards provide not only the natural light and ventilation but also act as community spaces which would encourage people in interacting amongst one another, this would encourage communication and the social life of the people living there. The brick jail walls serves the purpose of breaking the visual connection between the private spaces and community spaces so that the privacy of the people could be protected and this is our strong architectural element. To know more about the site we started our process with the market and context analysis. Which was then followed by a detailed study of the soil potential and based on the current and context scenario we proposed the typology of the houses by keeping net zero constraints in our mind. In our designing solutions we have laid equal on sustainability and architectural design i.e. 5050 importance so that the residents residing there would not only get the feel of net zero and a sustainable building but could also get a cultural feel which is retained by the introduction of courtyards. We have attempted to achieve design which is currently net positive in energy and water performance.

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Team Introduction

Team IDEATE consists of students from two disciplines, Architecture and Civil Engineering, bringing their knowledge and skills together in order to work towards sustainability. We have identified three major domains which require extensive research and these three domains will further be divided into different components under that domain. The identified domains are, 1. Architectural Design which includes Materiality and structure, active and passive techniques, landscapes 2. Energy Analysis and Energy Generation Potential which includes MEP services, HVAC system, Energy generation potential from different resources and 3. Water and Waste Management Team is divided in three main groups and further subdivided in groups as mentioned above, which will help the individuals to explore their area of interest and expertise. All the groups will be working parallelly in coordination to provide inputs in different aspects to be considered while decision making. Extensive research done by individuals and collective decision-making together will help all the groups to focus and respond to the contests and common goals.

Team Members

Jvalant Devrukhkar (Ar.), Shubham Kela (Civil Er.), Ashish Chandra (Ar.), Miraj Bhansali (Civil Er.), Jainil Sachde (Ar.), Nityashree Uttarwar (Ar.), Dia Soni (Ar.), Nitya Bhargava (Ar.), Aashman Dalal (Ar.), Naman Goyal (Ar.), Hemshail Shah (Ar.), Khushi Radadiya (Ar.), Tasmay Bhavsar (Ar.), Harshil Jivani (Ar.), Mariya Husain (Ar.)

Profile of Institution Nirma University, Ahmedabad is a research oriented, student centric, multidisciplinary institution, which includes wide realm of Institutes. The program of the institute closely connects with the creative realm of imagination and empirical execution of the same.

Faculty Lead Prof. Jaydeep Bhagat Professor & Academic Co-ordinator at IAP, Nirma University Academician, Architect and Urban Designer with an overall experience of 25 years in teaching and design of institutions, individual residences and urban design.

Industry Partners Spanco Semiconductors provides service in lighting solu-

tions in commercial, industrial, architectural lighting etc. Spanco Semiconductors is a lead manufacturer of solar panels and lights, and provides solution towards energy saving as well as renewable energy generation from solar.

Design Shades

With dedication, meticulous planning and ideating Design Shades design structures by combining the art and science of architecture to meet your goals. Solar Decathlon 2020-21

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Project GRUHA SAMPADA Profile of Project Partner

Siri Sampada, Hyderabad Siri Sampada holds the spotlight when it comes to real estate investment models. Founded in 2013 in Hyderabad, Telangana it came a long way since then and is now considered to be one amongst the finest real estate companies. Siri Sampada offers a variety of tailored - made solutions / services in real estate development. Key person involved: Sowmya Chandramouli Project Manager, Siri Sampada group

Project Description

Location: The site is located at SiriSampada, near NH44, Bureddipalle, Telangana. It is located in a semi urban area close to the National Highway. Site coordinates:16°45’15.1”N 78°06’41.4”E

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Site location: Siri Sampada NH 44, Bureddipalle

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Hyd era ba

Mahbubnagar

Siri Sampada

Jadcherla Siri Sampada

Fig. 1. Satelite Images, Location of the site, Siri Sampada Climate zone: The climate zone is Composite. Over the course of the year, the temperature typically varies from 16°C to 38°C and is rarely below 12°C or above 41°C. Profile of Occupants: The project would majorly cater to the people working in Pollepally SEZ, Industrial sector. The project requires a Housing facility for approximately 190 families, or 11001200 individuals and 50 supporting staff members and a designated area for commercial usage. Hours of operation: As it is a Mixed-use Housing project, the hours of occupancy for the residents would most likely be throughout the day but for the commercial section, the hours of occupancy would vary depending on the type of commercial usage. Approximate Budget: 175 to 200 Cr. The site gives an opportunity to channelize and collect rain water into the existing water body on site. This water body could also act like a natural sink that can be used for passive cooling. The project is still in the initial planning and design stage. No construction has been started yet. Special Requirements of the Project partner : As per the initial planning by project partners, there is land for commercial development and school building along the edge of the highway. The phase two of the project can be extended in future thus while planning about the access, we need to consider these aspects. The lake should be retained and also it is preffered to develop Hydroponics if possible. Solar Decathlon 2020-21

Context & Market Analysis

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Polepally Site Background

Polepally SEZ is established by Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC). In 2005, the formulation “Special Economic Zone” was established and the land was allocated to many pharmaceutical firms engaged in the bulk manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Before the land was acquired, the residents of Polepally village and other neighbouring areas used to cultivate on that land. However, with the establishment of the SEZ people lost their land. The visible socio-economic, health and environmental impacts include unemployment causing a loss of landscape/sense of place, mental problems including stress, depression and suicide and food insecurity (crop damage).

Market Study

Initially, a basic survey keeping in mind the Income group to which most of the people from around the site belong to, a research on their annual income and then the standard house size and it’s average costing was found in order to understand, the existing market rates and also the need and demand of the users as well as the developer can be catered.

Potential Market

The housing project would predominantly cater to the employees working in the industries belonging to the Pollepally SEZ and the people from the surrounding towns like Shadnagar, Mahabubnagar, Jadcherla etc. More than 65,000 employees come to the industries to work every day. Some of the companies also have their own shuttle services for the employees coming from Hyderabad and nearby towns. Thus upcoming housing projects are in great demand as there is an identified need, also a large group of people which majorly includes the Industry workers and secondly the migrants from the nearby towns, and also people eyeing for a weekend home in the outskirts of city. Fig. 2. Target User Group Study

Identified problems with the proposed solutions: Long commutes for the industry workers of Polepally SEZ: Solution: While most employment opportunities remain in city centers, suburban housing is more affordable. Cheaper housing comes at the expense of longer commuting time. A housing near the place of employment would be a solution to both these simultaneously. Impact of the proximity to the Highway: Solution: A portion of the site near the highway allotted for commercial usage which would act as a buffer space, reducing any noise pollution or other kinds of nuisances. Remote location: Solution: Ensuring social interaction by providing communal gathering spaces in the site. Congested plots allotted to the LIG and MIG groups in the city: Solution: To provide individual plots which are more spacious and have the flexibility to be increased vertically if required.

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

GOALS Energy Performance:

Baseline electricity consumption is 4-4.5kWh per person per day. We target to reduce the electricity consumption by 40% and to achieve electricity consumption around 2.5kWh per person per day. To achieve 100% daylighting to reduce the energy consumption during daytime. Thermal Comfort: Heat gain reduction by 80% through building envelop. Increse in natural ventilation throughout the year. 70% comfort hours throught the year. Solid Waste Management The intent of solid waste management being that waste should not go to landfills and can be reused as much as possible. Segregation of biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste with the help of the occupants. The collected biodegradable waste can be converted to compost and can be used as manure for the on-site vegetation. Total waste generation on site is estimated to be 0.57 kg/person/day. Biodegradable waste – 0.1 kg/person/day, total -152 kg / day Non biodegradable – 0.47 Area of vegetation – 40% of total site area (38386 sq mt) – 15355 sq mt Manure requirement – 2 ltrs/sq mt Total manure requirement – 31370.43 ltrs 75% of the manure requirement would be fulfilled from the manure produced from the biodegradeable waste that would be obtained from the site. Resiliance Use of sustainable and locally available material and techniques which would have proven its durability over time to provide structural resilience. Affordability Achieving it by the use of locally available materials and use of affordable yet durable construction methodology. Aiming to obtain an affordable living by the means of high energy performing building, water conservation and harvesting, and on-site energy production. Solar Decathlon 2020-21

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY Environmental Quality Improving upon the ambient air quality and infusing nature to the site to do so. Green buffer spaces and roof gardens would help in purifying the air and eliminating outdoor and indoor pollutants. Target built to unbuilt ratio is ______. Introducing open and green spaces in LIG, MIG and HIG clusters for improved natural ventilation and penetration of sunlight. Architecture Provide community interaction spaces in clusters Provide 100% day-lit spaces and enhance comfort levels inside the dwelling. Provide flexibility of spaces. Water Performance To have a self-reliant water usage by the use of strategies like Groundwater recharge, rain water harvesting, zero water discharge, Sewage Treatment Plant and Grey water recycling. Taking advantage of the on-site lake in water conservation. Capturing all the storm water and waste water for reuse on-site and recharge of ground water. To reduce the per capita water requirements from 135 liter/day to 70 liter/day and thus become self-reliant for water. (i.e. Completely depend on Storm water and Recycled Waste water) Achieving a net-zero water discharge by recycling the waste water (by means of Primary treatment and STP) and using for flushing, landscaping and discharging in lake. Strive to Achieve Carbon Nveutrality Starting early by reducing carbon footprint by using locally sourced materials and controlling the lighting load by using energy efficient equipments while constructing.

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DOCUMENTATION OF DESIGN PROCESS

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Standards and Codes - NBC-2016 “National Building Code” - IS 456:2000: “Indian Standard PLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE - CODE OF PRACTICE” - SP 16 “Design Aids For Reinforced Concrete to IS : 456-2000” - IS 10262:2009 “Concrete Mix proportioning Guidelines” - SOR- 2019-20 Hyderabad - IRC-058 - 2015 “Guidelines for the Design of Plain Jointed Rigid Pavements” - ASRAE 90.1 - Codes for day light simulation - ISHRAE

Design Process We started with deciding the locations for different type of units, where the distribution of units in terms of area is decided. The decision of form is based on a concept of reducing heat gain by providing shadow of the building itself. The depressions and corners help in achieving this part. then the issue of daylighting is arise. By keeping distance between two clusters we provide good natural light as well as courtyard space which helps in improving micro climate of the clusters. The approach was to define the orientation of the cluster with the help of day light simulation. We checked multiple angles and finalised the cluster orientation.

Served

We discussed with our industry partner for solar energy generation calculation. Based on that discussion, we became aware about the required area to generate 1 kw of energy we need 12.25 sq.m of area. Based on this calculation, 85% of 6069.7 sq.m roof area in our design can generate 723293.31 kWh/Year.

Service Semi-open Common

Fig. 3. Diagram of Unit

Fig. 4. Concept Diagram 1

Fig. 5. Concept Diagram 1 Solar Decathlon 2020-21

DESIGN PROGRESS

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Site Plan

GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

8 1

FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT

Fig. 6. Site plan

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Shadow Pattern Analysis

Because of the organic form and arrangement of the clusters, while designing we kept in mind the constraint that the shadow of one cluster doesnot affect the daylight quality of the nearby clusters and also at the same the time, the open spaces remain shaded from the harsh sunlight which also happens in achieving thermal comfort within the cluster. GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

8 1

GROUND FIRSTFLOOR FLOOR LAYOUT LAYOUT

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Fig. 7. Morning Shadow Patterns -9:30am GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

FIRST FLO

Fig. 8. Afternoon Shadow Patterns-12:30pm FIRSTwe FLOOR LAYOUT Thus, simulated the site plan for three different time slots of the day and hence got the following results.

From the results we can see that as of in the morning time the open community spaces remain partially shaded allowing the morning sunlight to reach to all of the units, majorly, no cluster are getting affected by the shadows of the nearby clusters. And also the parking spaces are strategically placed so that they remain shaded during morning time.

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Fig. 9. Evening Shadow Patterns -16:30pm

Fig x-x :Cluster 4 Layouts

In the afternoon, 75% area of all the open spaces remain shaded, where as in the evening all the internal roads and passages remain shaded which allow the children to play and the elderly to sit and enjoy the garden spaces

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Cluster Plans

There are 2 unit types which has the carpet area of 85sqm and 95sqm respectively. And targetting the MIG group as our main user group, we have placed all these 2BHK units in majorly 5 cluster arrangements. Each of the clusters are worked out in such a way that on the site they interact with each other and also share common community spaces in between. Also the clusters ae placed on the sight in such a way that the shadows of the clusters keep the shared open spaces a bit shaded during the harsh sunlight hours of the day. Cluster Type 1 : No. of Units : 4 units (On Ground floor) 4 Units (On First Floor) Total Built Up area : 580sqm GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

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FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT

Fig. 10. Cluster 1 Layouts Cluster Type 2 : No. of Units : 4 units (On Ground floor) 4 Units (On First Floor) Total Built Up area : 570sqm GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

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FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT

Fig. 11. Cluster 2 Layouts

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Cluster Plans

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Cluster Type 3 : No. of Units : 6 units (On Ground floor) 6 Units (On First Floor) Total Built Up area : 385sqm GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

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FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT

Fig. 12. Cluster 3 Layouts Cluster Type 4 : No. of Units : 4 units (On Ground floor) 4 Units (On First Floor) Total Built Up area : 385sqm GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

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FIRST FLOOR LAYOUT

Fig. 13. Cluster 4 Layouts

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Wall Section

SOLAR PANELS

TRUSS BEAM TO SUPPORT MULTIPLE SOLAR PV AND PROVIDE ACCESSIBILITY TO THE TERRACE STEEL COLUMN TO SUPPORT SOLAR PV STRUCTURE

20MM TANDUR STONE PARAPET TOP

ROOF GARDEN (SEE DIAGRAM FOR DETAILS)

120MM PARAPET WALL OF AAC BLOCKS WATER CHANNEL

DRIP MOULD

150MM RCC SLAB (M20)

SUNK SLAB

20MM TANDUR STONE PARAPET TOP

150MM AAC LAYER EXTERIOR SIDE OF THE WALL 100MM QUILT MINERALWOOL THERMAL INSULATION

120MM PARAPET WALL OF AAC BLOCKS

150MM RCC SLAB (M20) 230x450MM RCC BEAM (M20)

DOUBLE GLAZED CLEAR GLASS WINDOW 6MM AIR GAP 25MM MALA PLASTER 25MM TANDUR STONE FLOORING 50MM BED MORTAR OUTSIDE

20MM BETHAMCHERLA STONE SILL AND LINTEL COVER 25MM LIME PLASTER 25MM BETHAMCHERLA STONE FLOORING 50MM BED MORTAR INSIDE GRADE SLAB (M20) 200MM BRICK BED WITH CEMENT MORTAR 150MM SAND FILLING

BRICK FILLING IN PLINTH PCC (M20) COMPACTED EARTH

Fig. 14. Wall Section

RCC FOUNADATION WITH M25 GRADE CONCRETE

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

3D Representation of Design

3D views of clusters showing relation of open space to units and unit on different levels. Form of cluster creates shared as well as private open spaces. www.autodesk.com/revit

Consultant Address Address Phone Fax e-mail

Consultant Address Address Phone Fax e-mail Consultant Address Address Phone Fax e-mail Consultant Address Address Phone Fax e-mail Consultant Address Address Phone Fax e-mail

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Fig. 15. Cluster representation in 3D model

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Fig. 16. Cluster representation in 3D model

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Fig. 17. Cluster representation in 3D model 1

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Conceptual Structural Framing Design Structural system used for design is RCC frame structure. It provides flexibility of spaces and gives opportunity to re design the internal layout as per the occupant’s needs. The base grid of structure is 4x4 m. The spaces are arranged in this grid to develop the unit layout. The stuctural s designed earthquke resistant.

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12 mm diameter lateral ties

400 400

Beam RCC Column 3 m each RCC Beam 600 mm

20 mm diameter rods

Third Step Footing 300 mm

150 mm

Second Step Footing 200 mm First Step footing 200 mm PCC 100 mm

550 mm 700 mm 850 mm 1000

950 mm

20 mm diameter rods

Fig. 18. Reinforcement Detail Diagram Solar Decathlon 2020-21

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No.

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

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Fig. 24. SExploded Axo. View - Cluster 1

Fig. 19. Structural layout of Cluster 1

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Fig. 22. Exploded Axo. View - Cluster 2

Fig. 20. Structural layout of Cluster 2 5.9

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Fig. 21. Structural layout of Cluster 3

Fig. 23. Exploded Axo. View -Cluster 3 Solar Decathlon 2020-21

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Plumbing Layout GT

OHT

Fig. 25. Pumbing Layout of Cluster 1-Ground Floor

Fig. 28. Pumbing Layout of Cluster 1-First Floor

OHT GT

OHT

OHT GT

Fig. 26. Pumbing Layout of Cluster 2-Ground Floor

Fig. 29. Pumbing Layout of Cluster 2-First Floor

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Fig. 27. Pumbing Layout of Cluster 3-Ground Floor

Fig. 30. Pumbing Layout of Cluster 3-First Floor

OHT : OVER HEAD TANK GT

: GUTTER TRAP : 120MM DIA SOIL PIPE : 100MM DIA WASTE WATER PIPE

: 50MM DIA INLET PIPE

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Daylight Simulations Post preliminary simulations, a cluster layout was designed with 4 units attached and mirrored to form a courtyard. The four units were attached in a “L” shape. Daylight simultions were run with window height to be 1.5m height, 40% WWR and 50% WWR, in North-South axis.

Fig. 31. Cluster with 40% WWR

Fig. 32. Cluster with 50% WWR

The results shows that only the cornors of units are getting daylight whereas the centre remains dark with nearly zero lux rating. Increasing the WWR to 10% just brings in slightly more light. More on thatonly the cornor most units gets daylight to desired levels. This resulted in change of layouts with units having maximum openings in all side for all rooms, making only the circulation space and toilets recieving minimal daylight. Simulations were run on individual units starting with 1.2m window height and 40% WWR in various orientations.

Unit 1

Unit 2 Fig. 33. Simulation trials

N Solar Decathlon 2020-21

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Cluster 1 Cluster 1 is four units attached in a letter “C” formation to form a courtyard in between. All the living rooms open to the courtyard with bedrooms situated at the back of each units. Simualtiosn were run with the cluster rotated in few orientations to check which orientation recieves the most daylight. The result showed that the cluster recieved maximum daylight in all the rooms when oriented in the N-S axis and E-W axis. Window Height : 1.2m WWR : 40% Glazing : DGU clear class with 6mm air gap

N Fig. 34. Cluster 1 Day light simulations

Cluster 2 Cluster 2 is four units attached in a letter “S” formation to form two courtyards in the opposite ends. All the units get three exposed surface and one attached. The results showed that the cluster recieves maximum dylight in nearly all axis. This was because of the shape that also provided adequete cross ventilation. Colour gradiation shows that only the passage space gets very less daylight, other than that all the spaces revieve 100+ lux readings. Window Height : 1.6m WWR : 50% Glazing : DGU clear class with 6mm air gap

N Fig. 35. Cluster 2 Day light simulations

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Cluster 3 Cluster 3 is six units attached similiarly to cluster 2 with two units attached a third wing again creating courtyards with opposite side of each other. Again, similar to cluster 2 the result showed that the cluster recieved maximum daylight in all the rooms nearly in all axises, mainly in the N-S and E-W axis

Window Height : 1.6m WWR : 50% Glazing : DGU clear class with 6mm air gap

Fig. 36. Cluster 3 Day light simulations

The simulations were run with no overhangs at all. As a result we get a reddish shade at the window edges which falls under 1000 lux readings providing harsh light at edges with harmful illuminence. This was resolved by providing 600mm overhangs at the windows on East, West and South facades. A comparitive simulation showed that with overhangs the lux reading reduces to aroudn 200 lux eliminating the reddish shade and harsh illuminence. The units on side A are with 600mm overhangs and on B no overhangs. Fig. 38. Comparitive simulation for overhangs

Fig. 37. Natural ventilation

Natural ventilation graphs shows a steady flow of air throught the year

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Design Strategies

We started developing one part of our site which is on one side of the 25 mt main road. Orientation and form of a unit and cluster is important which can respond to the composite climate zone of the site location. Basic requirement for thermal comfort is to achieve 100% day lit spaces and natural ventilation. Day light is broght in to the cluster and unit by providing marginal distances between clusters, which again caters as a community interaction space. The same space helps in increasing natural ventilation because of the formation of open spaces between clusters.

ENERGY PERFORMANCE Our first objective was to achieve Net Zero Energy performance, and for that the architectural design and engineering operations both plays important roles. Design assures the 100% daylit spaces in each unit and natural air flow through units. We were able to achieve 40% reduction in energy consumtion by using efficient electrical equipments and also achieved EPI 30.27 kWh/m2/year. Sr. No. 1 2

Item Fan : Brushless DC motor fan LED lights Refrigerator Inverter-host free refrigerator (265L) Microwave Oven (23L) Washing Machine 5 star smart inverter fully Automatic

Air Conditioner with VRF 5 star 1.5 ton Dual Inverter

Other General Equipment

Company

Energy consumption (watts/hr)

Total energy consumption(kWh/year)

EPI

Atomberg Technology

110376

2.77

Philips

197625.6

84096

2.12

Samsung

1200

168492

4.22

12264

0.31

451584

11.35

180000

4.5

Total EPI Table 01. Use of efficient electrical appliances calculation.

30.27

Thus by using efficient electrical equipment we have reduced our EPI from 47 to 30.27 kWh/ m2/year.

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Renewable Energy Generation

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

We targeted using 50% rooftop area of individual housing units for solar power generation, but we were able to achieve 85% rooftop area. The entire area of the car parking would also be equipped with solar panels, which would also provide shade to the parking area. Calculated electricity consumption per person per day is 2.5kWh. Thus the total calculated consumption for the designed part i.e a part of the first phase is 653386.5 kWh and calculated generation is 723293 kWh, i.e. the site would be net positive, generating 69906 kWh more than the required amount. With the help of similar strategies the entire site could be Net Positive in terms of energy performance.

WATER PERFORMANCE Water Distribution On the site there would be a single water tank for a 6 clusters (Total 8 tanks). Each tank with CPVC piping and two 5-star rated submersible pumps (Total 16 Pumps) of 3 HP (with 3-phase supply and Power Inverter). These pumps will fill the overhead water tank of 4.5 kL for 48 clusters. The pump will work once in a day and fill the overhead water tanks of each cluster. The water requirement of flushing and irrigation is served by treating the grey water generated by means of washing and bathroom. The grey water treatment is done by means of Biosand filter with a capacity of 106.5 kL/day. In case of excess grey water, it will be transferred to the Sewage treatment plant (STP). The Black water from kitchen and flushing goes to the sewage treatment plant for treatment and then will be released to the lake (In case of excess water, it will be sent to municipal Sewage Line). Further water demand for bathing is reduced by using the efficient/low-flow filters.

Fig. 39. Sewage treatment plant diagram

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Net Positive Water Cycle Ground Penetration

Annual Rainfall (0.8m) RWH - Roofs, roads Water treatment Biosand & activated carbon filters, Chlorination

Project Bhagiratha Drinking water supply from govt.

Underground Water Tank 162.5 kL/day

Grey water reused per day Black water recycled (liters) after treatment per day (liters) in STP Landscape

4000

Flushing

60,800

Lake

76800

Table 02. Water recycling and reuse quantity

Overhead Tank 4.5 kL/day (Per cluster of 8) - Fire demand 12.63 kL/yr (one time use per cluster)

Washing Machine Bathroom Solar Water Heater

Inspection Chamber

Grease Trap 6 kL/day

Sedimentation tank excess (106.4 kL/day)

Bio sand filters Storage tank of treated water (1.5kL/day/cluster)

Fig. 40. Water cycle

Vermicomposting

STP 96 kL/day Losses 20%

Manure

Sludge

Kitchen Sink, Utensils

Organic Garden Lake

Excess

Toilet (W/C)

Municipal Sewage Landscaping - 4kL/day

Domestic Water Usage Residential

Usage Breakdown per day (Liters)

Target to be achieved per day (Liters)

Bathing

Flushing

Washing Clothes

Kitchen and Utensils

Drinking

Cleaning

Total

135

Table 03. Domestic water usage and target to be achieved

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Rain Water Harvesting Techniques and Treatment

The rain water harvested from rooftop and roads of the clusters will be treated by means of Bio-Sand Filters (efficiency – 85%) with added Activated Charcoal filtration system. The grey water is harvested by means of a grease trap, Sedimentation Tank and separate Bio-Sand Filter (efficiency – 85%). The reuse of grey water will save 29.6% of water from domestic requirement and additionally the remaining treated grey water will meet the water needs for water supply in roof garden and landscapes (8kL/day). The rain water from the softscapes will also infiltrate in the ground thus will recharge the ground water. Also the black water generated from flushing and kitchen (A grease trap is provided for each Cluster to separate Oil and Grease from Kitchen waste water) will be treated by means of Sewage Treatment Plant and will be discharged to the lake and from that Ground Water Recharge will happen naturally. This will increase the ground water level of the nearby areas. Thus our site will have a Net Positive Water System.

Fig. 41. Filter for Rain Water Harvesting

Total

76264.76

Litres

76264760

Liters

Water Required per Year

52012500

Liters

Water for Irrigation

2920000

Liters

Fire Demand

606240

Liters

Water Remaining

20726020

Litres

Table 04. Water cycle calculation Rain Water Harvesting Rain Water Collection Potential From Built-up Area Open Space Garden and Soft (Bore) Scape Road Recycled Grey Water

Area

Rain Fall

Co-efficient

Collected Water per Year

39786

0.8

25463.04

40396

0.8

0.4

12926.72

8000

0.8

0.5

3200 34675

Table 05. Rain water harvesting calculation Solar Decathlon 2020-21

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

THERMAL COMFORT

Achieving thermal comfort for the occupants through mixed mode i.e using both HVAC systems and methods of natural ventilation, passive cooling techniques and a thermally insulated building envelope. Targeting 70-75% from natural ventilation and rest from HVACs.We tried to attain daylight average of the Lux measure rating for residential buildings. The suitable wall to window ratio to achieve the mentioned target is 50%. The windows use double glazed clear glass with an air gap of 6 mm. AAC blocks have been used in the walls, because of their insulating properties and the insulation used in the walls is 100mm Quilt Mineral wool. These materials have been proposed after multiple combinations and simulations. Roof gardens are also proposed in the units. They reduce the heat gain from the roof and also help in improving the air-quality. VRVs (connect multiple indoor units of split ACs to a single outdoor unit) to be used for air conditioning.

RESILIENCE

Fig. 42. Roof Garden Details

Use of sustainable and locally available material and techniques which would have proven its durability over time to provide structural resilience. - Tandur stone has been used in the outside porch/plinth area. - Bethamcherla tiles have been used in the interior of the building. - Kota stone has been used in the wash area. - AAC blocks have been used in the walls, as they have good compressive strength,insulating properties, fire and pest resistance and are lightweight. It has a lesser carbon footprint, uses fly ash which is a thermal power plant waste product & thus no consumption of top soil. The structure is also designed to be earthquake resistant.

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AFFORDABILITY

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Achieving it by the use of locally available materials and use of affordable yet durable construction methodology. Aiming to obtain an affordable living by the means of high energy performing building, water conservation and harvesting, and on-site energy production. Type 1: Middle income housing; 118 sq. mt. Cost of construction- Rs.32.2 Lakhs Total cost ( including land cost) - Rs. 42.8 Lakhs Type 2: Middle income housing; 127 sq. mt. Cost of Construction - Rs.32.7 Lakhs Total cost ( including land cost) - 44.1 Lakhs

INNOVATION Our approach towards innovation is to provide good architectectural design in housing having green and interactive spaces with the use of engineering and to achieve high performance. One of the innovative technque used is the roof garden on terraces, which helps in 100% reduction in heat gain from roof and provide good green spaces on unit level on the terraces. Solar panels are elevated from the terraces so that the space below can be accessible to the occupants. Another idea is to have louvred weathershed, which allows controlled sunlight and helps in increasing daylight spaces.

Fig. 43. Louvered Weather Shed

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PROJECT COMPLETION PLAN

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

As we have developed the design in one of the part of the site, we are planning to complete the design with larger units i.e., 3bhk, 4bhk units on the other part of the site with development of lake side and landscape area. Provision of DeWats system for sewage treatment plant with detailed study and specifications will be added to the site. Use of effective HVAC system needs to be resolved and implemented in further process. We are also planning to impliment any passive techique in our existing design as well as for future development.

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Appendix A : BUILDING AREA PROGRAM

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

TOTAL SITE AREA :

1,43,707 sqm

LAKE (EXISTING)

12 %

SOFT SCAPE

63%

HARD SCAPE

37%

13,872 sqm Commercial Development

8,000sqm

25%

15,444 sqm

13 % OPEN AREA (ROAD/GREEN SPACES

21,872 sqm

17,300 sqm

Proposed School

66 %

RESEDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT

88,172 sqm

25%

21,872 sqm

5661 sqm

Common Amenities

75%

PLOT AREAS (BUILT + OPEN)

7663 sqm

66,310 sqm

75%

60%

BUILT UP AREA (PLOT)

39,786 sqm

40%

OPEN SPACE (PER PLOT/SHARED)

26,524 sqm

Area Breakup for Phase 1 of development Total site area : 34627.55 Sq.m Area of roads : 7452.55 Sq.m Area for residential development : 27175.55 Sq.m Building footprint : 8380.42 Sq.m Open Area : 18795.13 Sq.m

Area distribution for unit

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Appendix B : Preliminary Cost Estimation

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

For unit 1 - 119 sq. m Cost Estimation for Materials Item Excavation PCC Concrete M25 Concrete M20 Staircase + Formwork AAC DPC Terrace DPC Flooring (Interior) Flooring (Exterior)

Qty 13.3 3 18.1 53.4216 2.68 34.13805 13 157 147 50.4

Flooring (Washroom)

Terrace Flooring Reinforcement - 20 mm Reinforcement - 16 mm Reinforcement - 12 mm Reinforcement - 10 mm Door D1 Door D2 Door D3 Window Paint (Velvet) Plaster Paint (Texture) Total Plumbing Electrical Statutory Clearances Water Charges Contractor's Profit Bio-Sand Filter Sewage Treatment Plant Material Transportation Solar Contingency Roads

157 3.497 1.225 5.58257 1.503 2 2 2 216 221.1 446 221.1

Unit 3 m m3

Rate 110 2890 3487.1 3382.5

m 3 m 3

m 2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m m2

3100 1100 1100 500 430.56 377

m2 ton ton ton ton unit unit unit 2 m

625 44000 44000 44000 44000 6000 5500 5000 3766 323 150 750

m m2 2 m

6% 6% 1.50% 1% 8%

2% 5% Total

Cost 1463 8670 63116.51 180698.562 65000 105827.955 14300 172700 73500 21700.224 3770 98125 153868 53900 245633.08 66132 12000 11000 10000 813456 71415.3 66900 165825 2479000.631 136345.0347 136345.0347 37185.00947 24790.00631 198320.0505 16000 150000 49580.01262 235306.1224 123950.0316 235306.1224 3586821.933

Costing for Solar Electricity Generation area

85% area

Parking

119 sq.m

118

100.3

127 sq.m

127

107.95

Total area for per house solar per 2 cost per 2 houses costs houses 115.3 470612.2449 235306.1 122.95

501836.7347

250918.4

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Labour Cost The time period for completetion of project is 1.5 years. There will be on an average 45 labourers working per cluster Average Labour Wages = 450 Rupees

Labour 45

Wage 450 Labour Cost Per 2 unit

Duration 520

Cost 10530000 2632500

Road's contribution for two units Final Cost Final cost for single unit (119 sq.m) Add land value= 2278350 (for both houses) Total Cost of single House with land

233333.3 6452655 3226328 1057500 4283828

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

For unit 2 - 127 sq. m Cost Estimation for Materials Item Excavation PCC Concrete M25 Concrete M20 Staircase + Formwork AAC DPC Terrace DPC Flooring (Interior) Flooring (Exterior)

Qty 13.3 1.6 20.692 60.7449 2.68 28.00311 14.43 178 178 27.84

Flooring (Washroom)

178 3.9966 1.422 6.1368 1.71 2 2 2 216 241.7 9.64 241.7

Unit 3 m m3

Rate 110 2890 3487.1 3382.5

m 3 m 3

m 2 m 2 m 2 m 2 m m2

3100 1100 1000 500 430.56 377

m2 ton ton ton ton unit unit unit 2 m

625 44000 44000 44000 44000 6000 5500 5000 3766 323 150 750

m m2 2 m

6% 6% 1.50% 1% 8%

2% 5%

Total Cost

Cost 1463 4624 72155.0732 205469.6243 65000 86809.641 15873 178000 89000 11986.7904 3770 111250 175850.4 62568 270019.2 75240 12000 11000 10000 813456 78069.1 1446 181275 2536324.829 139497.8656 139497.8656 38044.87243 25363.24829 202905.9863 16000 150000 50726.49658 250918 126816.2414 3676095.405

Labour Cost The time period for completetion of project is 1.5 years. There will be on an average 45 labourers working per cluster Average Labour Wages = 450 Rupees Labour 45

Wage 450 Cost Per 2 unit

Duration 520

Cost 10530000 2632500

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Flooring (Interior) Flooring (Exterior) Flooring (Washroom)

178 27.84 10

Terrace Flooring 178 Reinforcement - 20 mm 3.9966 Reinforcement - 16 mm 1.422 Reinforcement - 12 mm 6.1368 Reinforcement - 10 mm 1.71 Door D1 2 Door D2 2 Door D3 2 Window 216 Cost(Velvet) estimation 241.7 for 127 Paint Plaster 9.64 Paint (Texture) 241.7 Total Plumbing 6% Electrical 6% Statutory Clearances 1.50% Water Charges 1% Contractor's Profit 8% Bio-Sand Filter Sewage Treatment Plant Material Transportation 2% solar energy Contingency 5%

m2 m2 m2 m2 ton ton ton ton unit unit unit m2 sq. m unit m2 m2 m2

500 430.56 377

89000 11986.7904 3770

625 44000 44000 44000 44000 6000 5500 5000 3766 323 150 750

111250 175850.4 62568 270019.2 75240 12000 11000 10000 813456 78069.1 1446 181275 2536324.829 139497.8656 139497.8656 38044.87243 25363.24829 202905.9863 16000 150000 50726.49658 250918 126816.2414 3676095.405

Bethamcherla Tiles Tandur Tiles Kota stone

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY Double Glazed Unit

roads Final Cost Final Cost for single unit Add land value= 2278350 for two units Total Cost of House with land Total Cost

small

118

100.3

Total area for solar per 2 houses 115.3

big

127

107.95

122.95

area

85% area

Parking

avg

233333.33 6541928.735 3270964.368 1139175 4410139.368

cost per 2 houses

per house costs

rate of land

470612.2449

235306.1 739972.39

501836.7347

250918.4

total cost with land costs

243112.2

Labour Cost The time period for completetion of project is 1.5 years. There will be on an average 45 labourers working per cluster Average Labour Wages = 450 Rupees Labour 45

Wage 450 Cost Per 2 unit

Duration 520

Cost 10530000 2632500

Solar Decathlon 2020-21

Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Appendix C : Outline Specification of Building Systems

Structure: Earthquake resistance R.C.C. Frame structure as per the regulations and codes Circulatory Roads: RCC designed roads according to IRC Kitchen: Ready to use platform with SS sink, Designer Bethumcherla Tiles Wall Finish: All internal walls finished with lime Plaster. All external walls finished with double coat mala plaster with premium quality paint Floor Finish: Bethumcherla Tiles flooring in Interiors, Kota stone in Bathrooms, Tandur stone in verandah Doors and Windows: All doors are wooden framing and all windows are double glazed clear glass with 6 mm air gap. Toilet and Plumbing: Kota stone in toilet and water efficient plumbing fixtures. Standard quality of sanitary ware. Electrification: 3-phase Concealed copper wiring with adequate number of electrical points and modular switches of standard company Terrace: Common terrace with roof top garden with water proofing. Parking: Solar shaded individual car parking with tandur stone Energy performance: Appropriate On-grid solar system of standard company with payback of 10 years Community spaces: Courtyards for each cluster with adequate softscapes Fire safety: As per Government Guidelines

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Team IDEATE NIRMA UNIVERSITY

Appendix D : Letter of Confirmation from Industry Partner

Date: 13/02/2021 To, The Director, Solar Decathlon India Dear Sir, This is to inform you that our organization, SPANCO SEMICONDUCTORS, is collaborating with the participating team led by Institute of Architecture and Planning, Nirma University on a Residential Building project for their Solar Decathlon India 2020-21 competition entry. The nature of our collaboration will be for sharing of knowledge regarding current market scenario in solar PV and its significance in energy conservation. We would like to have a representative from our organization attend the Design Challenge Finals event in April/May, if this team is selected for the Finals. We would like our organization’s logo to be displayed on the Solar Decathlon India website, recognizing us as one of the Industry Partners for the 2020-21 competition. With warm regards, Name – Bharat Soni Designation - Owner Name of the Organization – Spanco Semiconductors Email – info@spanco.biz Phone - 9824015890

Solar Decathlon 2020-21

Team IDEATE _Design Report_ Solar Decathlon 2021

Articles inside

III. Project Introduction

IV. Goals

II. Team Introduction