Cathedral and religious complex cover portfolio

Transcendent Cathedral Portfolio Religious Complex of the Ijsselmeer Abstract Machines MArch2 J. Harmens

This Project focuses in upon a requirement of the proposed city developed in the previous project.

As Rotterdam has become submerged and the population have moved to inhabit the new city on the Ijsselmeer there will be a need for certain necessities within the town areas such as; law courts, hospitals and civic buildings.

From this I have developed a multicultural complex to support a proportion of the newly situated population.

From starting as a Catholic Cathedral, due to the historical Catholic and Protestant divide across the Netherlands. This was because moving a southern population north the southern Catholics need a place of worship. Then considering the other main religions of the Netherlands, creating a space that could support the needs of the main 7 faiths. First developing a central space to contain multi cultural spaces such as meeting and conference rooms, a food hall and cafe, and with accommodation and offices provided for staff.

This then left exterior spaces for the private religious buildings. Initially designing each space individually however this did not conform to the aim of creating a space of equality which would remove the barriers between religions. Removing hierarchy and providing a ‘shell structure’ which each faith group can internally decorate supports this idealism.

Through this project I have designed the central complex and the shell structures. I have then focused in upon the Catholic shell utilising the earlier research upon the catholic faith to design the interior space .

Contents Site Catholic Cathedral research Site 1 & Site analysis Cathedral research Cathedral Proposal 1 Form Development & implementation of other religions Site 2 Research into other Religions Palace research Design Proposal 2 Complex Hub Development.

Development of the Communal Space Central Courtyard Development Development of the Access into the Private Religious Space Religious Space Development Jatiyo Sangsad Bhaban Precedent Liverpool Catholic Cathedral Precedent Design Proposal 3 Construction of site Final Plans and Sections Renders

Site 1 Location

Site

Site analysis Solar - Macro

Solar - Meso

Solar Angles

Sunhours

Suns Motion Around Site

300 hrs

Winter 14o

Spring/Autumn 38o

Summer 62o

150 hrs 0 hrs January

December

Water - Meso Salt and Fresh Water Around Site

Falling Water Temperature

Precipitation

100mm

20o North Sea

Fresh Water IJsselmeer

0o January

0o January

0mm January

December

December

The fresh water from the Ijsselmeer will be useful for sanitation etc however the salt water from the North Sea will determine some of the materials used due to salt water being extremely corrosive.

Wind - Macro Annual Predominant winds across the Netherlands

Wind Speed

Air Temperature

10o

8 knots

Max Min 0 knots January Wind - Meso Annual Predominant winds across the site SSW direction

December

-10o January

Annual Predominant wind in the SW direction, along the dam.

Considering the lack of shelter from the elements, the dam must be secured and structures upon it must be able to resist the pressure of the wind.

December

Cathedral Research

Structural Research

N Cold (Winter)

E Dry (Spring)

W Wet (Autumn)

S hot (Summer) Mapping the path of the sun creates the iconic ‘fish’ symbol and the intersection points directly towards midday. Thus creating the axial cross from which the ground-plan can be determined.

The process of orientation derives the rectangle of the sacred building from the circle traced by the course of the sun by means of the cross of the axes of Heaven.

The square created from this process represents the transmutation of time into a spiritual ‘space’. This corresponds to the image of the Heavenly Jerusalem, which at the end of time descends from Heaven like a perfected cube.

Nave Roof

Vault

Buttress’ South Transept Main entrance

Nave

To Triforium

Clerestory Choir

North Transept

Pinnacle

Aspe

Chapel Facing East

Gargoyle

Flying Buttress

Gallery Arcade

Buttress

To Crypt Aisle

Cathedral grounds and gardens

Nave

Aisle

Cathedral layout options Circular Rio de Janerio Cathedral

Linear Facing east Liverpool Cathedral

Central Alter with seating around and side chapels on the periphery

Positive - external form not restricted by orientation Alter at the East end with seating leading up to it

Application to site.

The linear system has been selected as it acts as a junction along the dam towering above its surrounding buildings as it reaches out into t he Ijsselmeer.

The form will juxtapose the surrounds box typologies and act to celebrate the dam and new city

Cathedral Proposal 1 Ground Floor Plan 1:2500

Dam

North Entrance N Higher Tier Seating

W

Main Entrance

E

Stairs & Lifts

Higher Tier Seating S South Entrance

W-E Section 1:1250

North Elevation Glazing within the roof structure allowing natural night to enter the building continuously as the sun rotates around the facade.

-1 Floor Plan 1:2500

N Private Chapel

W

Lower Main Seating Nave

Choir

Apse Chapel

Private Chapel S

N-S Section 1:1250

West Elevation

E

Curved facade structure made from pre-cast concrete elements

Entrance lobby

North entrance

Ground tiered seating

Stairs & lifts Concrete and glazed facade -1 Floor formed from pre-cast concrete slabs that span N-S

External garden platform

Buttresses’

Crypt

Choir Apse Chapel

Foundations

Development of form Research into the Gothic movements of Cathedral architecture to develop the form and shapes of spaces Barrel Vault

Groin Vault

The Groin Vault allows the force to travel through the ribs creating openings for the stained glazing and the nave etc.

Implementation of other Religions

Gothic vault

The Gothic arch has two advantages; Masonry walls can easily absorb large vertical compressive forces, but a sideways force will tend to topple the wall, unless braced by external buttresses. A Gothic arch may produce only half the side-thrust of a similar Roman arch. Also it reaches higher for a given width.

The classic Gothic arch is known as the quinto acuto or "pointed fifth". The arcs are 4/5 of the span. The centres of the arcs are inside the span of the arch.

Developing the design to incorporate Galleries and vaults provides new spaces.

These spaces could be used for the other religious communicates within the new city

Site 2

City developed into town and industrial spaces

Industrial space

Industrial space

Industrial space Industrial space

Industrial space Industrial space

Town space

Industrial space

Industrial space

Site is on the edge of the towns scape as it will be constructed after the city is completed

Research into other Religions As the existing religious spaces have been submerged new ones must be created in the new city for the main 6 faiths.

Hierarchy based upon existing population Catholic 28%

Catholic & Protestant

Sikh

Buddhism

Hinduism

Judaism

Islam

Requirements of Religious Buildings

Protestant 19%

Remaining Religions 11%

Islam 5%

Cathedral

Mosque

Aisle

Narthex

Nave

Courtyard (Sahn) Transept & Crossing

Tower

Tower

Choir Aspe

Tower (Qubba)

Chapels

Dome (Minaret)

Ambulatory

Both Christian and Catholic Cathedrals have similar building typologies.

Both must face East

Mosques must face Mecca. On site this is 159o from North (NE).

The most common style is the Hypostyle Mosque which features columns.

Mosques do not have seating in the prayer room.

Synagogue’

Buddhist Temple Bell Tower

Vestibule

Memorial candle

Holy Ark for Torah scrolls Bimam (platform for where Torah is read)

Synagogue’s must face Jerusalem.

On site this is a NE direction.

courtyard

Cantors Lectern Drum Tower

meditation space

Buddhist Temples have very few requirements except for a space to meditate. However a majority of Temples have a bell tower, a drum tower and a courtyard.

There is no seating in a Buddhist temple.

Hindu Temple

Sikh Temple

Langar Mens side Manji Sahib (raised platform) Womens side

Based upon a symmetry driven structure.

8 x 8 grid template. Orientation based upon the Gnomon theory, on site must face NE. each direction represents a god. ie West - Varuna, Lord of Water - therefore dining, study rooms and toilets are on the west side of the temple.

Room for holy book when not in prayer Sikh Temples must have a room for the holy book when not in prayer, an external space for a flag and four entrances facing N,S,E and W. The Langer is a food hall.

Layout of Religious spaces

East

Central Courtyard

East

Mecca

Jerusalem

Palace Research

Researching place layouts has shown the use of different orientations of spaces and how a person would move through from one space to the next.

Analysing at the Forbidden Palace in China. This system in regimented and linear will spaces provided dependent upon their importance and size requirements. The temples are in the centre where as the barracks and other spaces are at the edge.

This differs strongly from the Alhambra Palace in Grenada which in plan shows a lot less organisation. This is because of the many construction phases, staring with the original 9th-century citadel areas have been added and changed over time to expand the site. For example through the 14th-century it was Muslim palaces, then over the 16th-century it became a palace of Charles V. As this project will be constructed at one time the requirements must be set out and applied to the design process. The spaces designed will be organised to suit the public and private spaces.

entrance individual spaces created linking through between squares and internal spaces.

private space

courtyard

main route through the space private space courtyard

private space cathedral space courtyard

Having analysed the systems within palaces and the interlinking of internal spaces and courtyards/gardens. It became clean a square linear system would not create the intended public and private spaces.

Complex Hub Development.

Number of Buildings Number of Buildings

Form Exploration Circulation space

Shape of central space

Considering the options of multiple buildings, one for each religion or a single space to situate all 6 religions.

If the religious spaces were in the centre and the space around was left for circulation and buildings related to the places of worship, it would not encourage communication between religions.

The most effective shape would be one that could be divided easily into equal sections with a central focal point.

Selection; - Multiple buildings

Selection; - Central core

Selection; - Circle based

Positive - Having multiple building for each religion allows them to personalise their own space. As this complex is to replace the buildings that have been submerged the correct response would be to provide each religion with their own space.

Positive - Having a central space focuses visitors into the centre to mix and communicate. It also provides space for other aspects of religion to be included such as; seminar space, meeting rooms, space for Sunday school, Bah Mitzvah and Confirmation lessons etc.

Positive - allows the space to be divided equally between the 7 regions and provide an entrance.

Keeping the spaces equal thus not introducing a hierarchy and focusing upon equality between the spaces.

Negative - Encourages segregation between religions.

Intention - To increase inter-religious communication to break down the social barriers between religions.

Intention - To provide an internal space to cater for the needs of all religions with private religious spaces on the exterior.

Formation of central space

Adding form to theory

Designing the Communal space Requirements; Multiple private meeting rooms for small groups.

Larger meeting rooms.

Conference/Seminar rooms.

Kitchen and Dining hall.

Cafe.

Sleeping accommodation.

Offices.

Plant room.

WC. Design intentions; - To focus view into the central space and creating an internal garden of ‘multicultural’ Eden.

- Create a pure and light environment that will give the user a sense of freedom and unity with the others within the hub.

- Create a space that has no barriers between religions in the public spaces. Yet keeps the private spaces private from access and view.

Dividing the space into 8 segments to allow for an entrance space. This would include a reception, security, access into the complex and washing facilities for the religions that require this.

In theory the circle works however practically curved walls fail.

Therefore corners have been applied as an intersection between each religious space and then This form create a central ring of functional space continued through the design to create an octagon and an internal courtyard for the multiple religions central core to mix. This courtyard is sheltered from strong winds creating a multi-purpose space that could be used for religious festivals and events.

Development of the Communal Space Proposition 2 Ground Floor

First Floor

Religious voids Internal social spaces Private religious gardens

Main access

Communal courtyard

Second Floor

Moat of purity

This design incorporates the social spaces required while providing a direct route through the centre of each segment focusing the views and direction of travel into the central focal point.

The internal moat has been introduced as the internal space needs a way to drain and having the moat allows the water collected from the roof to be collected and recycled through the building or pumped into the Ijsselmeer.

As water is considered an element of purity within all the religions passing over the moat into the central space acts as a cleansing and an individual enters the communal courtyard. - This further acts as a symbol of removing religious barriers and creating a space of equality Section 1:750

Internal social spaces Religious voids

Communal courtyard Private religious gardens Moat of purity

Negatives - This design involves a large amount of wasted space. Assigning the circulation areas (lifts and stairs) to the corners will allow the use of linear space to be maximised as it is more sensible to have rooms with parallel walls.

Development of Communal Space Requirements - maximise use of natural lighting.

- Due to minimal external shelter keep centre of mass low (minimise no of floors).

- Consider importance of privacy within the spaces.

Form Developing the space making the first stepped area shorter minimising the shadows and creating an internal atrium to maximise the light into the spaces that have been removed from the previous design.

This design provides space for external balconies and the opportunity for vertical gardens.

All projects start with box. The site is a polder (man made land) with no over shadowing from the sun. There is some minimal protection from wind.

However the most important aspect from the elements is to naturally illuminate the internal spaces.

From my analysis of linear cities in the semester one project, the stepped building type worth to provide a view over a central area and keeps the rear of the building private. However this space does become dark.

Considering Dutch weather and the need for shelter from the wind, enclosing the spaces creates a protected circulation space.

From the previous design on the opposite page a large proposition of the space is wasted. Moving the circulation hubs to the corners allows the linear sections of space to be maximised and so a level that was previously unused can be removed.

Initially starting with this design where there is a direct route through the complex from public to private spaces.

This design has developed by analysing the requirements of the spaces, - The private spaces need to be kept private and there should be an architectural transition between the spaces. (development of the transcendent pathway) - The circulation spaces (stairs and lifts) can technically be situated anywhere. Where as the most usable space to be made into rooms is the linear sections of the octagon, therefore by moving the circulation spaces to the corners the first architectural barrier between public and private space id created as an inhabitant has to now walk around the public spaces to get to the private space.

1:500 of Design 1

no transitional space between the public and private spaces corner spaces difficult to use

is circulation needed here?

The most usable space should not be taken up by WC’s and circulation space

1:500 Developed design Takes into consideration the previous faults and provides solutions.

Shifted backwards removing unnecessary circulation space but more importantly resulting in the exterior walls to the complex having no windows keeping the private area private but kept illuminated with skylights

Circulation spaces created within an atrium - this allow light into the complex and leaves the linear sections to become rooms.

Central Courtyard Development

Started with a central void

The central area is divided up allowing for green space which makes the area more enjoyable and open areas for markets and festival.

90 meters As the project progressed the form became octagonal but the space remained a form of botanical garden

An amphitheatre space is created in the centre, this allows for open air evens to take place and it becomes a feature within a festival. The central space now consists of green spaces, areas for festive activities, and a central focus point where shows or talks to do with the festival could take place.

A moat was introduced to aid drainage but also as a symbolic element to the design. Most religions see water as pure and cleansing therefore by passing over it into the central space a person is purified as they enter the central space.

This still leaves an open green area but the area should be designed as a space of purpose.

Development of the Access into the Private Religious Space Start point - A door in a wall internal elevation

plan

private space social space

Blunt response - build a wall

Intention - To design a private pathway into the religious spaces.

- This pathway must suit all faiths.

- Must prevent inhabitants of the social space being able to see into the private spaces.

- Aim to create a journey that draws the occupant through the space and once they have reached the private religious space the must feel elevated and enlightened. - The most effective way t do this would be manipulating light

How can I create an architectural feature involving light?

Create a corridor and move it into building

Using light wells that increase in size directing an occupant into the light.

At this point in the project the plan was developed to maximise the linear space and move access and circulation points to the corners. This results in 2 entrances becoming one as inhabitants pass from the public into the private spaces.

This also involved the use of the space above the corridor meaning the light wells became windows. As shown in the diagram the windows become bigger letting more light in as a person moves closer to the religious entrance.

private religious space transcendent pathway social space

How light would enter the corridor 1:200

internal social space

external private space

1:200 Section through showing the ceiling is sloped upon entry and as a person travels into the light towards the religious space entrance the ceiling gets higher giving the person a sense of reaching an elevated state

1:200 Elevation showing windows

1:200 Plan

Religious Space Development Rio de Janeiro Cathedral

Liverpool Cathedral

Started with an empty space with the Ijsselmeer on one side and the public space on the other.

A confined private courtyard.

The space must suit each religion therefore each space is designed separately to suit individual needs.

Considering the sizes each religious space must be from the original information of the number or currently practicing religious attendees.

For a population of 610 000 it would be impossible to consider a space to suit everyone that could attend.

Therefore a range has been decided, the largest practicing religion is currently Catholicism. Analysing cathedrals such as Rio de Janeiro Cathedral (Seating 5000) and Liverpool Cathedral (Seating 2000) Using these two precedents I can approximate spaces for the cathedral and ratio the sizes down from this.

The largest cathedral will seat 2500, and the smaller religious spaces will seat 400 people.

These diagrams show spacial planning around the central space.

Experimentation with orientation based upon requirements of each space

creating moat Sized blocks to symbolise each religion

experimenting with access tunnels

Plan involving public and private spaces, the internal moat of purity and bridges. As the complex is build on a polder bridges are preferred rather than tunnels.

Religious Space Development It rapidly became clear that designs individual spaces for each religion is a huge undertaking and a lot more research would be needed.

From this realism it became apparent that a ‘box within a box’ strategy could be positive approach to the project.

This would allow a shell to be designed which would respond to the basic required principles which have been recorded already and the individual religions could then design their own interiors and this project could focus upon a single internal space.

2. Create a form within the private garden space

private space

Empty Shell

public space

3. What does this space require? private courtyard to situate religious building

religions building shell public space

- must be-able to be orientated multiple directions, - must allow natural light that can be manipulated my internal features, - must contain a tower - Islam - prayer calling, Christianity bell tower, - The internal space must be adaptable.

private space

From this realism it also became clear that over time the demand for each religious space may change. As this project is proposed for 50 years time the religious demands may have changed. Therefore the spaces have been all reduced to seat 400 people so allow the project to become approachable.

1. Blanket proposal

Spacial mapping The spaces have initially been created using circles as these are the purest religious forms.

- considering entrances, and a tower.

putting a canopy over the spaces allows the interior to be adapted and designed by the individual religion.

This is not designing space, no exterior courtyard

Requirements of Religious Buildings

tower prayer space

tower prayer space creating space around the prayer space for side chapels or other religious areas, ie rooms for religious books

front area with tower includes extra rooms for religious staff and storage levels up tower for wedding and religious meetings etc.

Do not need more space, this shell need to be a place of worship - all other events occur in the public space.

Less Ornate

Keeping geometries simple to allow the space to be adapted to other religions.

tower

tower

prayer space

higher tiers for choirs or to keep males and females separate

prayer space

tower

tower

atrium over prayer space

tower maintenance space and WC’s etc

side spaces central prayer space

internal walls are temporary and are slotted into place to allow the scape to be adapted to suit its requirements

creating more entrances based upon religious requirements

The central prayer space becomes the focal point therefore more entrances are not needed as the circulation space can be manipulated to create these

Louis Kahn Bangladesh Parliamentary Building

Louis Kahn’s approach to reflecting light using concrete to illuminate internal space

Kahn needed to create a light environment however direct sunlight would, over time, damage the art.

Using a concave mirror and polishing the concrete refracted the natural light from the sun into the space resulting in the light being secondary but also (as showing in the image) sufficiently illuminating the space.

The proposed design will use the polished concrete strategy to naturally illuminate the interior.

Refracting the light that enters through the glazing in the arc.

Analysing this building with a central space and surrounding function rooms has allowed my design to develop. Using similar theories as Kahn has here manipulating typologies of the surrounding spaces to focus in upon the central space.

To a point my design has taken the central area and created a open space and then assigned the private religious spaces to the surrounding area.

Using this building as a precedent has given a scale to the building I have created and allowed the design to have a size that is realistic for its purpose.

Also using similar materials to Kahn as the concrete acts as a polished surface reflecting light to illuminate the internal space and also its thermal mass will keep the internal spaces warm.

Cathedral precedent Liverpool Catholic Cathedral

This cathedral system works around the central sanctuary. This style of cathedral is better suited to the religious shell have has been developed.

This allow the central space to become the sanctuary and temporary spaces to be created around the edges for the side chapels etc

Proposal 3 1:500

Main entrance Kitchen Cafe 4 large group rooms - Sunday school, lectures, conference spaces etc.

64 private meeting rooms - confirmation, bat mitzvah lessons, religious discussion, religious therapy, aa meetings, religious consultations, marriage discussions etc Central courtyard -amphitheatre feature, garden spaces, - for religious festivals & general mixing of the communities

how main entrance works moving floor for transport in + wider bridges to accomodate transport loads in & out.

98 private rooms - similar uses as floor below however some will inc. accommodation - develop for 2/4 more conference spaces, also upstairs cafe if possible.

- religious library - classrooms for private religious reaching/seminars

trascendant pathway - from dark, compact into the high, light

Religious building 1:500 higher than compex - higherarchy tower - all religions need a calling tower (islam prayer call, christianity bell tower) circular shape - removes corners allowing space not to be restrcited to a singular orientation - also the circle is seen as the purest geometry

elevated seating, galleries

main light in from heavens. no windows in walls remove distraction, sancturary inside (not knowing what storms are outside). keeps focus on the heavens private room -ie islam prayer book room, christianity private chapel

main room 26m dia entrance hall private room + access to tower

Construction of site

Addition of religious complex pre-cast concrete modules

Exterior concrete walls and modules addition

Pre-cast concrete modules

Using pre-cast concrete allows for a rapid on site construction phase reducing time and costs of the project.

The industrial zone is also near by and so all the concrete elements can be constructed there and then transported via water directly to site. The industrial zone will have a construction facility within it for all building within the new city. The pieces will be moulded on a moulded circuit which allows shell of the form to be created and a reinforced bar mesh to be inserted into the void and then the cement poured into the mould and left to set. The individual pieces will be in the form of a 3D jigsaw to be fabricated on site.

The walls surrounding the complex are erected first as the weight will further consolidate and strengthen the walls of the polder. They will also act to provide some shelter from wind.

Two walls are shown to be missing, these areas allow for site access from the town and Zuiderzee lake.

Jetty addition

jetty constricted to allow the vessels transporting building components to moor and be unloaded directly onto site.

Polder creation

Transcendent Religious Complex On Site Scale 1:5000

3

2 5

6

4

1

1. Transcendent Religious Complex 2. Town Zone 3. Industrial Zone 4. Green Space 5. Town Transportation Routes 6. Industrial Canal Routes

Transcendent Religious Complex Ground Floor Scale 1:1250 1

2

5 6

7

4

3

10

8 9

15 11

14 1. Entrance path 2. Entrance Building & Reception 3. Central Multi-cultural Space 4. Stream of Purity 5. Private Meeting Rooms (64) 6. Circulation Hub & WC’s 7. Cafe 8. Lecture/Conference Rooms 9. Food Hall & Kitchen area 10. Plant Room 11. Transcendent Pathway to Private Religious Spaces 12. Private Religious Garden 13. Cathedral 14. Other Religious Spaces 15. Jetty

11 12 13

11

11

Transcendent Religious Complex First Floor Scale 1:1250

1

2 4

3

5

6

7 7

1. First Floor of Entrance 2. Bridges into complex 3. Private Meeting Rooms 4. Sleeping Accommodation (16) 5. Offices 6. Conference Rooms (6) 7. Voids create Atrium’s allowing light into lower floors

Transcendent Religious Complex Roof Scale 1:1250

Transcendent Religious Complex First Floor Entrance Scale 1:200

First Floor Entrance Section Scale 1:500 Shows floor acts like a bridge that can move up to allow larger vehicles in for festival goods

Transcendent Religious Complex Circulation Hub Scale 1:200

Transcendent Religious Complex Transcendent pathway and Food Hall Scale 1:200

Circulation space

Transcendent pathway

Kitchen

Food hall Moat

Transcendent Religious Complex Transcendent pathway and Food Hall Section Scale 1:200

Central space

Kitchen Moat

Kitchen

Transcendent pathway

Cathedral Ground Floor Plan Scale 1:500

Transcendent Pathway from Complex Cathedral Private Gardens

Transcendent Pathway from Jetty

Cathedral Ground Floor Plan Scale 1:200

12 5

2 6 9 8

11

10

4

1

3

7

4

4 1. Sanctuary 2. Blessed Sacrament Chapel 3. Lady Chapel 4. Side Chapels 5. Main Entrance, Porch & Bell Tower 6. Baptismal Font 7. Votive Candle Chapel 8. Organ 9. Access to Higher Tier 10. Priest’ Quarters 11. WC 12. Storage & Plant Room

11

Cathedral Higher Tier Floor Plan Scale 1:200

3

4 2

1

1. Higher Tier 2. Choir Seating 3. Access from Ground Floor 4 Access to Bell Tower

Cathedral Atrium Structure Plan Scale 1:200

4

5 1

3

1. Marble Sheet Domed Canopy 2. Central void creates spotlight over central alter.

3. Voids on dome for stained glazing 4. Porch stained glass window 5. Access to Bell Tower

2

Cathedral Bell Tower Floor Plan Scale 1:200

2

1

3

1. Access from Higher Tier 2. Void for 3. Glazed Roof of Sanctuary Atrium

Cathedral Roof Plan Scale 1:200

3 1

4 2

5 1 Glazing into Bell Tower 2. Glazing into Atrium 3. Glazing into side chapels 4. Glazing into WC etc on ground floor 5. Towers Displaying Religious Identity

Cathedral Section 1 Scale 1:200

Bell Tower

large window with stained glass internal window for catholic faith

higher tier for choir side chapel sanctuary with central alter

Entrance

Cathedral Section 2 Scale 1:200

Cathedral Section through Complex Scale 1:500

Entrance into complex

Moat of purity

central amphitheatre space

Moat of purity complex public space. Transcendent (food hall and kitchen) pathway

Cathedral

Jetty

Cathedral Section Scale 1:200

View of Complex across the Ijsselmeer

View of Complex across the Ijsselmeer

Inside Cathedral Shell