T H E
M I D D L E
JAYMUS
L A N D S C A P E
C.
L IM
U N I V E R S I T Y M A S T E R
M A R C 5 0 0 1
O F
O F
A R C H I T E C T U R E
G R A D U AT I O N
S P R I N G
T H E T H E
S Y D N E Y
2 0 1 8
M I D D L E
A R C H I T E C T U R E
S T U D I O
L A N D S C A P E O F
T H E
I N - B E T W E E N
w i t h M AT T H E W
M I N D R U P
C O N T A C T
J A Y M U S
L I M
C H I H - H S I E N
sid: 460058504 e: jaymus.limc@gmail.com p: +61 415 323 496
I N D E X
P R E - P R O D U C T I O N Research 1 -15
P R O D U C T I O N Design 16 - 49
P O S T - P R O D U C T I O N Documentation 50 - 88
A B S T R A C T
The concept of in-betweenness in architecture, also termed as ‘gradient architecture’ by Kerstin Thompson, explores the aggregation of contradictory quantities in a continuum of space and time to form a gradient architecture. The goal of in-between spaces is to form a transitional architecture that provides a ‘twin phenomena’ that counterbalances the interconnectivity of opposites and differences. The Middle Landscape is an exploration on the concept of the architectural inbetweeness through Nicolas Bourriaud’s theory of postproduction, specifically the potentials of exploring the cycle of architectural production and consumption cycle. This project addresses the worrying trend of both the overbuilding (overproduction) of new structure in expansive cities, leading to the unsustainable human overconsumption on the natural resources and environmental landscape. By bridging the process of production and consumption through ‘in-between’ archi tecture, postproduction ensures the efficiency and continuous compatibility between humans and their built structures to avoid the unnecessary consumption of the natural environment. This project will see the three stages of production, beginning with the Preproduction process of exploring the theories of in-between and postproduction architecture on an existing car park structure in Sydney that is predicted to become obsolescence in the near future. The second part, Production, begins the design process in the urban, environmental, spatial and human scale. This portfolio will conclude with the Post-production chapter that proposes an in-between architecture that facilitate the interrelationship between the production and consumption of the city and contradictory urban landscapes and demographics to form a third space, for all, - the Middle Landscape.
P R E - P R O D U C T I O N R E S E A R C H
F I N D I N G S
B O U R R I A U D ’ S
P O S T P R O D U C T I O N
Postproduction in film describes the editing and assembly of images and video clips to form a narrative of characters, relationships and emotions. Without such process, raw images of cameras are incapable of producing meaningful expressions that are comprehensible to the visual consumption of humans. In other words, postproduction is the humanisation of technological products for human consumption. Architecturally, raw utilitarian architectural products like factories and parking garages, birth from the modernist era, built by and for the machines, are often coined as inhumane, inanimate and emotionless due to its lack of human-centric ‘edits’. With that, postproduction in architecture is the humanisation of such crude architectural products through the process of ‘editing’ and ‘assembly’ to form socially and culturally relevant architecture. Nicolas Bourriaud’s theory of postproduction in parts reflects the humanisation process of obsolescence and overproduced industrial mass products. He suggests that the postproduction of outdated industrial structures through the insertion of social and cultural narratives (edits) not only help bridge the gap between technological products and human consumption; 1 it also can potentially unite the process of production and consumption to form a differentiated whole that supports both ends of production-consumption spectrum, 2
like an ‘in-between’ space that can mediate and sustain an equilibrium system. 3
The concept of in-betweenness in architecture, also termed as ‘gradient architecture’ by Kerstin Thompson, runs complimentary with Bourriad’s postproduction in many ways, including the technique of exploring the aggregation of contradictory quantities in a continuum of space and time to form a gradient architecture. 4
The goal of in-between spaces is to form a transitional architecture that provides a ‘twin phenomena’
that counterbalance s the interconnectivity of opposites and differences. 5 The use of the term gradient also provides many clues on how architecture spaces can be in-between, perhaps in its hierarchy of program, lighting or even visual landscape to evoke a smooth transitional space.
2
6
Te c hnologic a l Pr oduc ts
Diagram 1: Like an empty shell, the highly logical grid of technological products, like most modernist utilitarian structures such as the car park, is becoming increasingly incompatible for social and cultural relevance today.
3
Soc ia l a nd Cultur a l Sphe r e s
Diagram 2: Contrarily, the social and cultural sphere is ever-changing through time, contradictions and differences overlap,clash and blend to form the human society.
4
Postpr oduc tion in Ar c hite c tur e
Diagram 3: Therefore, postproduction in architecture involves the re-habilitation of contradictory social and cultural trends and perception in obsolescence architectural struct ures to form a complete whole, an architectural product that is relevant to its time, space and people.
5
C O N S U M P T I O N
A N D
P R O D U C T I O N
The architectural potentials of postproduction described by Bourriaud addresses the worrying trend of both the overbuilding (overproduction) of new structure in expansive cities, leading to the unsustainable human overconsumption on the natural resources and environmental landscape. By bridging the process of production and consumption through ‘in-between’ architecture, postproduction ensures the efficiency and continuous compatibility between humans and their built structures to avoid the unnecessary consumption of the natural environment. The imbalanced between building production and human consumption is especially evident in cities like Sydney, which is plagued with increasingly obsolescences structures such as parking garages within the urban context 7 while the natural environmental is consumed rapidly at the edges of the city, as people, farming and industries are pushed to the edge of the urban sprawl. 8 As a result of such inefficient production and consumption in urban development, Sydney is bombarded with environmental crises ranging from energy destabilisation 9 to overflowing landfills as a result of overproduction. 1 0
Industrial production by size Agriculture production by size Diagram 4 (Right): Since colonial times, Sydney’s industrial and agricultural production have been continuously pushed out towards the South and West of the city as the city’s population grew.
6
S Y D N E Y
E X P A N S I O N
Experimental Farm
Farm Cove
Colonial Industrial Zone 1800s- 1900s
Decentralized Industr ial Zone 1980s - Today 1945 1975
1917 1945
1900 1917
Sy dne y C it y
1808 1900
Alexandria Market Garden Alexandria Industrial Zone 1900s- 1980s
Port Botany
N
1: 1 000 000
Penrith Landfill
U N S U S T A I N A B L E
P R O D U C T I O N
A N D
C O N S U M P T I O N
Current agriculture production hub Former agriculture production hub
Wetherill Park
Current industrial production hub Former industrial production hub 10.0km radius increase Landfills Waste Transfer Hub
Next 30 Years
2005 2031
1975 2005 Western Sydney fringe
Future City Expansion
I ne ff ic ie nt pr oduc tion a nd c onsumption c y c le Diagram 5: While Sydney’s city center and the original colonial city zones remains the most populated areas with the highest food and product consumption rate and trash production in the state, urban sprawl continues at an exponential rate. It is forecast by 2031, the city’s sprawl would have taken over almost all of the existing industrial and agriculture land in the fringes. As the distances between the consuming city and the production hub increases, so does the energy, resource and time required for transportation. The unsustainable growth and the segregation of production and consumption zones is evident in the increasing frequency of transportation and energy system failures across Sydney. 6
Silver Water
Sy dne y C it y Second 100 Years
1945 1975
1917 1945
First 100 Years
1900 1917
1808 1900
I na de qua te wa ste pr oc e ssing a nd r e c yc lin g s y s te m The lack of waste processing plants around the city and an increasing number of overcapacity landfills are not only a major environmental burden to the state, it is also causing the state economically. For example, organic waste left in landfills emits greenhouse gas into the atmosphere which are harmful. Therefore, the government has devised multiple strategic plans in dealing with waste in Sydney. Therefore, the logic re-importing the production hubs back into the original city fabric seems environmentally and economically logical. Furthermore, the issues of waste production should also be explored.
N
1: 1 000 000 9
P A R K I N G
G A R A G E S
The postproduction of increasingly obsolescence parking garages in Sydney provides a vital and relevant opportunity in restoring the equilibrium between building production and consumption in Sydney. As a skeletal structure, parking garages provide ample architectural opportunities between its ‘in-between spaces’ that can facilitate and potentially unite the processes of technological productions with human inhabitation. For starters, parking garages are often constructed from the utilitarian principles of modernism to support heavy machineries such as vehicles, which meant they have the structural capabilities with deep and wide open floor plans for flexibility in productions processes within the city. In urban principles, production facilities at the urban centre of human consumption significantly reduces the energy, time and space required for the transfer of production and consumption. Therefore, it is highly logical for garage structures to be pos t-produced as structures that can facilitate producti on activities in the city. In terms of social architecture, parking garages are not without potentials of human habitation. Although now considered as industrial waste structures that are dark, cold and dead, the parking garages were once considered a visually consumable architecture, enjoyed as a symbol of humanity’s technological progression in the modernist era. This is due to its open-air design that provided a form of visual transparency that once facilitated the social fascination with automobiles. However, as the automobile became a commodity, so did the parking garages, which begin to be stripped off its social and cultural narratives. 11 Hence, restoring the parking garage with human narratives through postproduction will provide the potential to re-explore the relationship that once bind humans and machines through architecture. Parking garages are also transitional spaces which accords to the concept of ‘in-betweenness’ of postproduction design. For example, the structure of parking garage are often designed around the notion of a continuous space that ease and blend the vertical and horizont al movement and accessibility of both humans and cars with the ramp. 12 Similarly, in an urban context, parking garages are the point of transition between the mode of pedestrian and vehicular movement, - people come by car and leave by foot. Therefore, the physical interaction between human and technology has already proven to exist within these structures. With that, the ramps and its circulation systems of parking garages are worth exploring as human-machine interaction spaces.
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A N AT O M Y
O F
A
C A R
P A R K
Opportunities
Wide, open and flexible floor plan
Limitation
Unflexible structural plan
Poor environmental conditions such as Ramp structure
ventilation, sunlight
as a transitional
penetration and
space is vital in
security.
the exploration ‘inbetween architecture.
Diagram 6: Similar in principle to Le Corbusier ’s highly utilitarian Domino House, the Domain parking garage flexibility in its floor plan, visual transparency and ease of movement provides a unique canvas for the exploration of postproduction.
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T H E
T H E O R I E S
O F
I N - B E T W E E N
S P A C E
Nevertheless, the postproduction of parking garages does come with certain limitations, as the concept of ‘reusing’ in architecture can easily fall into the trap of illogical rearrangement of programs that not only is incompatible to human habitation, but may also risk camouflaging architectural innovations that can better accommodate the production-consumption relationship. Thus, the parking garage’s modernist grid and boundary should be broken when necessary, to allow the freedom to extend beyond the site to fully explore the potentials of technological production and human consumption relationships in the urban and environmental context. Already a form of transitional space, the design and structural principles of parking garages can be furthered through the principles of in-between architecture to restore and foster a mutual relationship between the consumption and production processes in Sydney. To further explore the realms of in between architecture, the philosophi es of in-betweenness as defined by architects such as Sou Fujimoto, Toyo Ito, Penda Architects and other architectural and spatial researches is studied to understand the potential architectural application of in-betweenness. With that, three forms of in-between architecture was identified, begining with the concept of permeation forming threshold spaces; infiltration of spaces and programs the multi-layered architecture of through the overlapping of spaces and programs and also the concept of transient architecture that utilizes circulation for smooth transition between contradictory space. Such architectural exploration on the potentials of in-between spaces that facilitate contradictory environments, programs and spaces will contribute to the creation of new architectural realms that supports technological innovation, human narratives and the natural environments preservation in a single selfsustaining, -‘Middle Landscape’.
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T H E
A R C H I T E C T U R A L
A P P R O A C H
Envir onme nta l a nd Ur ba n Pe r me a tio n Diagram 7: One example of in-between space as explored by Narongpon Laipraakobsup’s dissertaion, “Inbetween Place, The Emergence of the Essence”, identifies ‘threshold’ spaces as space for social interaction. Architecturally, threshold spaces allows the permeation between contradictory environments such as interior and exterior, sheltered and exposed, natural and menmade and etc. The concept of permeation reflect some of Toyo Ito’s work, such as his famous wind tower that allows the permeation of the natural environment into the built structure, diffusing what is natural and men-made as one. Urbanistically, permeation is vital in fusing the project into its surrounding environment, creating an inbetween architcture that draws in pedestrian flow for the social activation of the site.
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Pr ogr a mma tic I nf iltr a tion
Diagram 8: Architectural in-betweenness through multi-layered experiences are often evident in the works of architect Sou Fujimoto such as his famous House NA and Serpentite Pavillion. In-betweenness the multi-layering of s paces and programs not only encourage the creation of interrelationships between contradicting programs such as production and consumption, it also has the potential to inspire the crosspollination of social, educational and industry fields for efficient and smooth transfer of knowledge and technology, such as the concept once explored by William Morris.
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Soc ia l Filtr a tion
Diagram 9: Transient space is another form of in-between architecture that focuses on the journey rather than the destination. Therefore, circulation spaces play a vital role in this part to facilitated the smooth transition between contradictory environments. Along with threshold spaces, circulation space provides social spaces for pauses and human interaction, in contrast to busy streets that is in constant movement which discourages social interaction. Circulation is often already considered an in-between space, it is ambiguous in nature and program, devoted of social, economical and political neutral. Thus allowing for the potential emergence of a ‘third space’ as defined by Ray Oldenburg that allows for social and cultural development.
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P R O D U C T I O N D E S I G N
P R O C E S S
Syd ney ’s C BD Th e D o mai n C ar Par k
T H E T H E
D O M A I N
I N - B E T W E E N
S I T E
Project Site The Domain Car Park
Sydney’s C B D H igh de ns it y financia l a nd ins titut i o n a l z o n e L oud M a c hine P a c e
P roduc tion S ca l e Ove rc ons um pti o n o f e ne rgy Ove rproduc tio n o f the built e nviron m e n t
Woolloomooloo Low density residential zone Q uite H uman pace H uman Scale O verconsumption of natural landscape O verproduction of food w aste
T he impor ta nc e f or a pr oduc tion a nd c onsump tio n f a c ility O ve r c onsumpti on of na tura l la ndscape
Diagram 10: The project site, the Domain car park, provides a vital and rare opportunity in the exploration O ve rproduc tion of
of the production and consumption of the city of Sydney. Sandwiches between two opposites, on one food w a ste hand, we have Sydney’s CBD, overproducing itself with office towers and overconsumption of energy, while the other hand the suburban environment that symbolizes the overconsumption of natural landscape through urban sprawl while overproducing household waste that is fuel ling the waste and recycling crisis in Australia.
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Wo
P R O G R A M M AT I C
A N A LY S I S
N T h e C al y x H o r t i cu l t u r al ed u cat i o n f aci l i t y St a t e Li b r a r y o f Ne w S o u t h Wal es S y d n ey Botanical G ar d en s
Au st r al i a P o st
Sydney Cove
Pa r l i a m e n t o f Ne w So u t h Wal es T h e P avillion Caf e Sy d n e y H o sp i t al A r t G aller y of N e w S outh Wales
Sy d n e y Li v i n g Mu su em Hy d e Pa r k Ba r r a c k s Mu seu m
Types of institutions
NSW St a t e Ar c h i e v e s a n d R eco r d s St M a r y ’s C at h ed r al
B r o k en i n st i t u t i o n al l i n k
S t Mar y ’s C at h ed r al C o l l eg e
E co n o m i cal i n s titution - Council o w n ed D o m ai n Car P ar k C o o k + P h i l i p P ar k
G over nment Religious H ealth Envir onmental & S por ts Educational H is tor ical & Cultur al
The impor ta nc e f or a soc ia l a nd e c onomic a l in s titu tio n Diagram 11: A study on the programmatic hierarchy of the immediate surrounding of the Domain Car park highlights the problematic circulation and institutional disruption the car park structure has on the site. On the other hand, at least six types of institutions are adjacent to the site providing adequate urban spaces for social, environmental and political development. The proposed post-production for the site should not duplicate the existing cultural programs but compliment them. Furthe rmore, the council owned Domain Car Park is an ncome source to the council and city. Therefore, while it is vital for the proposed programs to be social, the proposal must also be economically sustainable. 197
C O N T E X T U A L
A N A LY S I S
M a r t i n P lace Ro y a l Bo ta n ic Gardens
Economical, institutional High den s i t y financial and inst i t u t i o n a l z o n e
N atur al
Lou d
O rganic planning and as ymmetr ical
N
M achine Pa c e
P roductio n Sc a l e
The In-between Site
Wo o llo o mo o lo o Social, community
H yde Park Historical education and cultural district
Low dens ity r es idential zone
Monumental
Q uite
Or d e r a r c h i t e c t u r a l geometries and symmetries
H uman pace
He a v y, s t o n e c o n s t r u c t i o n
H uman S cale
The impor ta nc e f or a mixe d- use str uc tu r e
Diagram 12: As mentioned, The Domain Car Park is an in-between space, it is a site bounded by the economical powers and institutions in the North-West and the residential suburb of Wooloomooloo in the South-East. Additionally, The Domain Car Park is also sandwiched between the historical cultural and education district in the South-west and the Botanical Gardens and the new art musuem on its North-East. It is vital the project responds to the distinct scales, programs and architecture of all four corners.
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S E N S O R I A L
A N A LY S I S
N
Diffusion of atmospheres and spatial experience across the car park structure
Visual connection and field depth to the surrounding is strongest to the hills of Woolloomooloo in the SouthEast. But poorest uphill towards the North-West.
The Domain Parkland Highway and trainline
The impor ta nc e f or a n ur ba n de sign stu c tu r e
Diagram 13: The Domain Car Park has a saturation of contradictory atmosphere enriched by the contrast created between th e peaceful, quite and lively Domain Parkland directly West and North of the car park and the high polluting nd velocity highways and trainline to the South and East. Together, the two environments form a spectrum of spatial qualities across the large ca r park structure. This observation highlights the gradient qualities of the car park’s interior and its potential to facilitate both natural and built environments around the site. 21
T H E
D O M A I N
C A R
P A R K
Fully concrete structure but with a green roof, sandwhiched between a park, a train line and the suburb, leading to a gradient of sounds, light and air movement within its interior; The large car park structure is already a gradient space that facilitate distinctive atmospheres. It is also a transitional space, people only enter by foot from the West of the building, from the city, surrounding institutes, monument and parkland, and leaving on their vehicles from the East. Half submerged underground, the other half exposed, it is as if the building is ready to grow out of the ground. It’s low ceiling height and waffle grid structure resembles the structures of the millions of the leaves in the surrounding parkland.
Waffle Grid Structure ceiling construction for all floors G r e e n f o o t b a ll f ie ld r o o f
22
The Domain Parkland Art Gallery of NSW
Longitudina l Diffusion Natural s unlight o n l y p e n e t r a t e s into car park s tr u c t u r e t h r o u g h i t s Southern facad e i n t h e m o r n i n g . Its deep floor pl a n s t h u s r e q u i r e s continuous artif i c i a l l i g h t i n g t o light up its inte r i o r. Su c h p o we r cons uming des ig n m u s t b e r e v i s e d .
Sectional Diffusion Due to its longi t u d i n a l f o r m , s o u n d and air quality i n t h e s t r u c t u r e e x i s t
Trainline
in a s pectrum in t h e i n t e r i o r s p a c e .
St Mary’ College
Typical Vehicule-Pedestrian filtration The dotted lines r epr es ents pedes tr ian acces s f r om the Wes t, only to exit on vehicles in the Eas t of the par king s tr uctur e. With the decline in pr ivate car s in the near f utur e, the D omain Car P ar k can be completely bypas s ed by pedes tr ians . Ther ef or e, the pr opos al s hall f ocus on allow ing complete pedes tr ian per meability f or the f utur e.
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C O N S U M P T I O N &
P R O D U C T I O N
C Y C L E
With production and consumption within a single body, the leave’s ability to diffuse elements across its surface, its efficient transfer of products from production cells to consumption cells and its self-sustaining programmatic structure inspired the idea to turn the car park structure into a self-sustaining structure, accommodating both the production and consumption of the city. A structure that has a natural decaying and growth process. The car park shall be postproduced to accommodate an urban farm and an anaerobic digester plant.
A bs or bs w ater and miner als f r om the atmos pher e, w hile r ef lecting r adiation to r educe plant temper atur e and r educe w ater los s .
Trichome A s t orage an d con s u m p t ion layer on the low er levels w ith air y s pace w ith w ide open s pace to f acilitate the ver tical exchange gas es and w ater and als o to s tor e nutr ients .
A filter layer that aids in wa t e r c o n s e r v a t i o n a n d eliminate excess sunlight.
Upper epidermis
Spongy mesophyll Lower epidermis
Palisade mesophyll A pro duc t i o n l a y e r t h a t con v e r t s c a r b o n d i o x i d e , wa t e r and sunlight into food and oxygen.
Vasc ular Bundle T h em m ain circu lat ion sy st em t h a t f aciltates the h o r i zo n t al t r an s f er of cr itical su b st an ces t o var ious par t of the plant.
A le a ve ’s pr oduc tion a nd c onsumption cy c le
24
A f ilt er layer that contains s tomata and guar d cells that r egulates the movement of gas es and w ater into the plant.
The different consumption, production, storage and filtration cells of a leave s highly complimentary to the car parks longitudinal and compact form. There are high architectural potentials of applying a similar consumption and production cycle into a car park struture.
A ttr act people envir onment.
f r om
s ur r ounding
Landmark Tower/ Plant Chimney
Alrea d y e x i s t i n g a s a g r e e n r o o f , the current r o o f t o p c a n b e r e a d a p t e d t o accomodate o u t d o o r f a r m i n g t o r e g u l a t e heat in t h e b u i l d i n g a n d c o l l e c t i n g wa t e r.
Rooftop Outdoor Agricultural Production
Indoor Hydroponic Farming A produ ctio n l a y e r t h a t c o n v e r t s carbon dioxide , wa t e r a n d s u n l i g h t in a controlled e n v i r o n m e n t f o r t h e efficient p r o d u c t i o n o f f o o d a n d oxygen.
Anaerobic Digester Plant A s t orage an d con s u m p t ion layer on the low er levels w ith air y s pace w ith w ide open s pace to ‘ cons umes ’ organic w aas te f r om the s ur r ounding envir onment and conver ting and s tor ing the pr oducts .
Existing Ramp System and Circulation Cores T h em m ai n ci rcu lat ion sy st em t h at f a ciltates the t r an sf er o f cr itical s ubs tances t o v ar i o u s p ar t of the plant.
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C O N C E P T
F i l t r ation, G row th & D ecay
Contructed using local and natural materials obtained around the Domain Car Park site, the concept model portra ys the initial concept of a filtration and gradient. Seeds from a tree of various colours, arranged in a gradient , from dark brown, light brown, orange, yellow, light green and green, held in place by skewers, buried under a tree bark, symbolizes a filtration process and the cycle of growth and decay across the structure.
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M O D E L
A N A E R O B I C Wa ste Input
I nte r im Stor a ge
D I G E S T I O N
P R O C E S S Pr e - tr e a tme n t
Se gr e ga tion
A n a e r o b ic D ig e s tio n Pa r t l
C ra n e C o n t ro l Room
Automa tion Comm unity f ar m
Mar ket Control Room Bunker Hall
O ff ice
Ana e robic Dige s tion P la nt 1
S e g re g a t i o n Hall Was t e m oni t o r Roo m
Ble nde r
Arival H all Em issi o n Cont ro l Stat i o n
Sam p l i n g Stat i o n Toilet Was tew ater Blackw ater pipe
Com pos t Cor e
28
L i q u i d m a n u re st o ra g e
Tu b u l a r heat exchanger
A i r fi l t e r
ID Fa n & Chimney
Biologic a l Hydrolys is P la nt Ana e robic Dige s tion P la nt 2
Ana e r o b i c Dig e st i o n Part ll
Sto r a g e
Post- tr e a tme nt
H y d ro p o n i c C o re
Re s o u r s e O u tp u t
F e rtiliz e r S tora ge S ilo
To i l e t s G re y w a t e r
Res idue Tr eatm ent F er tilizer and Water Pr oduction
D iges tor Res idue S tor age
D ewa t e ri n g Pl a n t
Wa te r S tora ge
Pa c k a g i n g A re a
E xport Ha ll
Anaerobi c Digest ion Plant 3
Biogas Tr eatm ent Con d e n si n g Unit
A ir- cooled condes er
S wimming P ool
Feed water tank
ID F a n & Chimne y D es ulph u ri z a t i o n plant
Bui lding Heating Syst em
C o m p re sso r
Wa sh i n g & D ry i n g Plant
Bioga s S tora ge
H eat & Energy Captur e
P owe r Tra ns forme r
Com bined H eat and Pow er G ener ator
Dis tric t He a ting
Sw itchgear Em is s ion Em erg e n c y S a m p l i n g A u t o m a t i o n D ie se l equipm ent Contr ol Station Station 29
A N AT O M Y
O F
A N
A N A E R O B I C
D I G E S T E R
P L A N T
Wa ste I nput a nd I nte r im Stor a ge
Truck turning radius
6.0m
40.0m 30.0m
Arrival & Tipping Hall
Waste Monitor & Acceptance Office
The Arrival Hall, or Tipping Hall is a sealed area with a reverse pressure system that controls odour release while facilitating the input of waste trucks with liquid and organic waste.
The coordination offices acts as a traffic control that schedules the arrival and departure of waste trucks to prevent idling and traffic congestion outside the waste facility that can cause both smell pollution.
2.1m
Required Adjacency - Bunker Hall, Liquid Manure Storage, Storage, Waste Monitor and Acceptance Office and Road Access.
9.0m
22.5m
Liquid Manure Storage
Negative Pressure Ventilation & Air Filtration System 9.0m
12.0m
9.0m
The negative pressure system is required to prevent the escape of odour into the surrounding area. Rather, air is sucked into the space and filtered before it is release into surrounding again via a ID Fan & Chimney.
Pit Line
4.0m 9.0m
27.0m
Required Adjacency - Arrival & Tipping Hall
Bunker Hall
This control room houses the keyboard and control functions of the crane that are necessary to mix and handle waste in the Bunker Hall.
9.0m
18.0m
Required Adjacency - above the Bunker Hall and Tipping Hall to allow visual contact for supervision of crane movment.
The hall is a solid organic waste storage area with a deep and narrow Pit Line pit that accepts the tipped food waste, agriculture residue, garden clipping, paper and cardboard. Waste is handled by crane that stacks, mixes and fluffs the stored waste before transporting them to the depackaging machine in the Segregation Hall.
10.0m 5.0m 9.0m
30
Liquid waste such as sludge cakes can be pumped from a truck or the sewerage system into a 1.0 meter pit that is blended to create a nutrient and energy rich combined sludge to form a consistent material for the hydrolysis process. This combined sludge is then sent to the tubular heat exchange for hygienisation process. Required Adjacency - Tipping Hall and Tubular Heat Exchange
Crane Control Room
2.1m
Required Adjacency - Bunker Hall, to control the opening and closing of the Bunker Hall entrances to prevent odour escape.
27.0m
Required Adjacency - Tipping Hall and Segregation Hall
Wa ste Se gr e ga tion a nd Pr e - tr e a me n t
2.0m
4.0m
7.5m
Tubular Heat Exchanger
Biological Hydrolysis Plan
Liquid organic waste from the liquid manure storage area is heated with water to 72 degree celsius here using a countercurrent process for an hour to neutralize pathogens and enables the broader system to produce an enhanced bio-solid product. The hygienised substrate is then sent to the Blender to mix with solid organic waste.
The biological hydrolysis process pre-treats the sludge to maximize the efficiency of the anaerobic digester to treat more organic waste and increase the volatile solid conversion rate by optimizing the sludge temperature. To form a hydrolysed sludge that helps the anaerobic digesters to achieve higher gas retention with shorter digester retention time.
Required Adjacency - Liquid Manure Storage, Waste Monitor Office and pipes to Blender. Waste from bunker Dropped into the end of the machine with a crane.
Inorganic matter 4.5m
8.5m
Organic matter
13.5m
6.5m
9.0m
18.0m
Required Adjacency - Automation and Control Room, Blender Anaerobic Digesters.
Segregation Hall Inorganic waste such as plastic containers, wrappers and large impurities are segregated from the organic factions with this de-packaging machine. The inorganic waste is then transferred back to the arrival hall for extraction from the site while the sorted organic waste is transfer onto a scaled conveyor belt that weights the organic waste input into a blender Required Adjacency - Bunker Hall, scaled conveyor belt to Blender.
Blender
g Hy
3.0m 3.0m
ste Wa c i n rga e dO rat i l bst So u S uid Liq e is ien
3.0m
The hygienized liquid waste is pumped with pipe into the blender to mix with solid organic waste to form a consistent material for the Biological Hydrolysis Plant Required Adjacency - pipes from Tubular Heat Exchanger, conveyor belt from Segregation Hall, Biological Hydrolysis Plant
31
Fe r tiliz e r Pr oduc tion
3.1m
30.5m 13.0m Gas and steam rises to the top of the digester to AirCooled Condensers
Liquid substrate are transferred to Digester Residue Storage
3.1m
13.0m
13.0m
Anaerobic Digester 1 & 2
De-watering Plant
Airtight and with the absence of oxygen, the digester’s bacteria breaks down the hydrolysed sludge from the hydrolysis plant to create a biogas at that forms within a matter of days.
The liquid substrate from the Digester Residue Storage is processed here by de-watering to produce solid cake for land application such as nutrient rich fertilizer and liquid fertilizer. Water is also produced and sent to the water storage tanks. The De-watering Plants also accepts grey water from toilets on site and other areas of the site for processing.
A hot water wall heater of the digesters heats the substrate to 35- 55 degree celsius to accelerate the formation of methane. The substrate is continuously stirred in here for 30 days before being transferred to AD 3.
2.1m 12.0m 4.5m
Required Adjacency - Automation, Anaerobic Digester 3, Hydrolysis Plant.
Required Adjacency - Automation, Sampling Station, Control Room, Digester Residue Storage, and Toilets on site.
Anaerobic Digester 3
Feed Water & Water Tank
The substrate from AD 1 & 2 is filled into a second fermenter for a further 30 days to complete the gas formation process.
The Feed Water and Water Tank stores the water for agricultural, leisure (pools) and washing throughout the site.
3.0m
The organic fats and carbohydrates of the substrates are digested and the gas rises slowly to the top of the digester, which consist 50-70% methane and also carbon dioxide, water vapour, hydrogen and hydrogen sulfide.
13.0m
13.0m
Required Adjacency - De-watering Plant, Swimming Pool and Agriculture cores.
Required Adjacency- AD 1 & 2, Digester Residue Storage, Condensers.
3.1m
30.5m 13.0m
Digester Residue Storage
Fertilizer Storage Silos
When fermentation is complete, the thin liquid substrate pumped into reinforced concrete tanks, where it is stored before being converted to highquality fertilizer.
Fertilizer from the de-watering plant is packed and filled into the fertilizer storage silos from the top, hence requiring more overhead spaces. 6.0m
Required Adjacency - Packaging Area, De-watering Plant, Export Hall and truck access.
Required Adjacency - AD 3, Dewatering Plant for the production of waster and fertilizer. 4.5m
32
9.0m
Bioga s Pr oduc tion
as
d ere filt
g Bio
Un ter Wa 3.1m
as
5.0m
C
led oo
g Bio
C
at He
iog dB e l oo
4.5m
g Bio
ter Wa 4.5m
The unpressurized biogas is feed into a compressor, where it is brought up to 70 millibar pressure before entering the Washing and Drying Plant Required Adjacency - Desulphurisation and Washing and Drying Plant 2.0m
1.0m
Condensing Unit
ed
riz ssu Pre gas bio
at He
4.5m
as
g Bio ure
P 4.0m
4.0m
Washing and Drying Plant The pressurized gas is cooled down to a temperature of under 5 degree celsius. 30% of the waste heat is reused in the heat exchanger and AD 1, 2 & 3, while the remaning heat is used to heat the plant and pools in the winter months. The biogas is send to the biogas storage. Extra heat is release to the atmosphere through the Chimney. Required Adjacency - Compressor Unit and Biogas Storage, ID Fan and Chimney
Desulphurisation Plant
Biogas Storage
Hydrogen sulfide is extracted from the gas from the Condensing Unit and Air-cooled Condenser by introducing certain bacterial cultures that are able to decompose hydrogen sulfide into harmless sulfur and water. The gas is then sent to the Compressor.
Biogas from the final process of biogas production from the Washing and Drying Plant is stored on an on site storage for internal machinery, vehicles, energy production and cooking or exported out into the national pipeline.
Required Adjacency - Air-cooled Condenser, Condensing Unit, Feed Water Tank, Compressor Unit 4.5m
1.0m
Required Adjacency- Air-cooled Condenser, Feed Water Tank and Heating Systems.
gen dro e y H lfid Su
as
5.0m
The gas from Digesters 1, 2 & 3 are freed from water vapour in an air cooled condenser and the condensed water is collected in a feed water tank and pumped out into a pool for leisure use.
The gas from the Air-cooled Condenser is furhter cool for district heating or internal uses in the anaerobic digester or hygienisation process in the Tubular Heat Exchanger, by further condensing steam to water to improve the efficiency of the heat production.
ter Wa 4.5m
Compressor Unit
Required Adjacency - Feed Water Tank, Condensing Unit, Desulphurization Plant
12.0m
as
6.0m
Air-cooled Condenser
6.0m
10.0m
10.0m
Required Adjacency - Washing and Drying Plant, Power Generator, Kitchens.
33
He a t a nd Powe r Ge ne r a tion
5.0m
15.0m
5.0m
Combined Heat and Power Generator
Emergency Diesel Unit
70% of the heat waste recovered from the anaerobic digestion process is converted into high pressure steam. This steam is used to drive a steam turbine which converts the energy in the steam to mechanical energy which is converted into electrical power.
The emergency diesel unit feeds the switchgear equipment that is connected to critical systems of the facility, which requires continuous operation even in a blackout.
Required Adjacency - Air-cooled Condenser, Condensing Unit, Desulphurization Plant, Washing and Drying Plant, Power T ransformer.
Power Transformer Is used to transfer the produced electrical energy from the generator into a distribution primary circuit grid.
1.5m
1.6m
Required Adjacency - Combined Heat and Power Generator.
4.5m
Switchgear Equipment The Switchgear Equipment room houses the equipment that feeds electrical power to other equipments within the facility.
5.0m
Required Adjacency - Combined Heat and Power Generator, Power Trasformer, Emergengy Diesel Unit 13.5m
34
13.5m
2.0m
Required Adjacency - Switchgear Equipment Room.
1.5m
1.5m
Auxilia r y Equipme nt
2.1m
Emission Control Station
Lockup/ Storage
The station monitors the gas emissions in different sections and processes of the facility.
Stores goods and spare parts of the plant. 5.0m
Required Adjacency - Bunker Hall, Export Hall, Road Access.
Required Adjacency - ID Fan & Chimney. 7.5m
18.0m
5.0m
18.0m
ID Fan & Chimney
Sampling Station Manual measurements are performed once or twice a year to compare the emissions control automated data.
5.0m
7.5m
Required Adjacency - Emission Control Room. 5.0m 3.6m
2.1m 6.0m
The final step before steam and clean flue gases are release into the atmosphere, induced by a boosting daft fan that creates a boosting draft.
30.0m
6.0m
3.6m
Required Adjacency - Emission Control Room, Negative pressure Ventilation and Air Filtration System Ventilation Room, Condensing Unit, and Power Generator.
Automation
Packaging
The room consists of computers and machineries that maintain the function, programs and alert mulfunctions that occurs in the facility.
Final products from various processes in the plants, such as fertilizer and agriculture crops are packaged before exiting the facility on vehicles.
Required Adjacency - multiple parts of the facility including Biological Hydrolysis Plant, Anaerobic Digesters and more.
2.1m
Required Adjacency - Export Hall, road access and Loading Zones 9.0m
9.0m
35
A N A E R O B I C
D I G E S T E R
Loading zones B u n k e r Ha l l S e g re g a t i o n a re a
Hy d ro l y s i s Di g e s t o r Condenser
De h y d ra t e r B i o g a s t re a t m e n t P a s t u e ri z e rs
P L A N T
C o n t ro l r o o m s Offi c e s Au t o m at i o o n
Combustion plant
Wa t e r Biogas F e rt i l i z e r s t o r a g e
Or de r e d Te c hnologic a l Pr oduc t
Diagram 14: Unlike a community urban farm, the anaerobic digester plant as a technological product requires specify room areas and height and adjacency to function efficiently.
36
U R B A N
C O M M U N I T Y
Ou t d o o r fa rm i n g
F A R M
Compost box
S t o ra g e
M u s h ro o m fa rm
Hy d ro p o n i c fa rm
Food processing
Wa t e r fi l t ra t i o n In d o o r fa rm i n g
Wa s h i n g
Fo o d p a c k a g in g
Disor de r e d Envir onme nta l Pr odu c t
Diagram 15: Unlike a community anaerobic digestor, the natural environment does not follow a grid system and therefore does not have a defined room area. Rather the positioning of the farmland will be required to coresponding to the natural elements of wind and solar.
37
G R A D I E N T
A G R I C U L T U R E
As discovered earlier, the longitudinal form and deep section of the Domain Car Park produces a spectrum of lighted spaces and atmospheres. From areas with no natural sunlight to spots with full sunlight exposure, a gradient of agricultural according to their sun and shade requirement is studied for the potential accommodation in the agriculture section across the car park.
Full S un
Sweetcorn, Radish, Salad Greens
Some Sha de
Aubergines, Pumpkin
M o r e Sh a d e
Artichokes, Broccoli, Leeks, Potatoes
Sha de
Loganberries, Redcurrent, Blackcurrent, Grapes
Strawberries, Rasberries, Tomatoes
Lettuce, Spring greens, cauliflower, Chard, Onions
Fu ll Sh a d e
Courgettes, Marrow, Peas, Beans
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Spinach, Cabbage, Broccoli, Chinese leaves, Carrots
Mushrooms, Edible fungi, Rhubarb, Certain mints
H A R V E S T
C Y C L E
The proposed harvest plan ensures a variety of vegetables, fruits and herbs of different form, size and colour that responds and marks Sydney’s climate, seasons and market demand. Such varied agriculture also allows different soil nutrients and contents to replenish each harvest, while enabling a farm that is in constant growth and change throughout the year.
Jan
Fe b
Mar
Apr
Annual meadow flowers, Sage, Chives, Fennel
Carrots, Potatoes, Courettes, Briad, Broad Beans
Strawberries, Redc urrent, Blackberr ies, Lettuce
Peppers, Potatoes, Peas, Aubergines, Chard
May
June
Ju ly
Aug
Sweetcorn, Spinach, Onions, Cabbage, Kale, French beans
Cauliflower, Marrow, Beetroot, Squash, Main corp potatoes
Leeks, Cabbage, Potatoes, Swede,
Brussel Sprouts, Turnips, Parships,
Parsnips
Red Cabbage, Swede
Sept
Oc t
Nov
Dec
Green cabbage, Leeks, Jerusalem
Cauliflower, Chard,
Broccoli , Radishes,
Carrots, Potatoes
Spring Greens
Spinach, Thyme, Sage, Chives, Fennel
artichokes, Onions
39
T H E
I N - B E T W E E N
S P A C E S
S tairs
Bridges
Ramps
Terrace
Circulations Core P laza Edges
Soc ia l Spa c e s
Diagram 16: The transient spaces of the project plays a virtal role in the exploration of in-between architecture and its social contribution to the site and its surrounding. These spaces, links of the different anaerobic digester plant and agriculture farm, reinforces the relationship between form, program and spaces, humans, technology and nature.
40
P R O P O S E D
So u th Zo ne Gro wth
3nd Floor
Po n d Ou td o o r farm i n g Water filtratio n Hy d ro p o n ic farm i n g
1 st & 2 n d Flo o r
G Floor
Pro d u ct o u tp u t Fertilizer, was ter a n d b i o g a s s to rag e Water filtrat i o n
P R O G R A M
Mid Zone The In-between
Outdoor farming
The In-between Space Innovation Center Wo r k s h o p Leisure Anaerobic digestor E n e rg y p r o d u c t i o n
A D J A C E N C Y
North Zone De c a y
Compost bin Outdoor fa rming M ushroom fa rm c ompost bin
Wa ste Input loa ding Se gre ga tion Pre -tre a tme nt
Diagram 17: The car park structure is separated into three sections, the north zone beside the train tracks with an existing loading zone will be the food waste input area; while the south zone with facing St Mary’s College will house the main agriculture. The middle section will consist of central area of social spaces bounded by circulation cores, production-consumption and growth and decay spaces in both plan and section.
41
P E R M E AT E
1 Structural grid potentials Th e d e s i g n p r o cess b eg i n s w i t h t h e st u d y o f t h e car p a r k s t r u c t u r a l g r i d an d i t s p o t en t i al s.
N
Art gallery
Close shade and enclosure for Bunker Hall placement
City Skyline and Park
Visual permeability from the lower levels to the top levels 2 Topography and sunlight respond
Full Sun
42
T h e r em o v al o f n on- pr imar y s tr uctur es to cr eate a ter r ace of thr es holds f or the p o t en t i al so ci al sp aces and eff icient agr icultur e s paces incr eas es the per meation o f su n l i g h t , ai r and view s into the major ity of the s tr uctur e.
3 Threshold Spaces The f u r t h e r r e m o v a l o f n o n - e s s e n t i al st r u ct u r e f o r m ax i m u m m o r n i n g su n l i g h t pene t r a t i o n a n d a l s o t o p o g r a p h y co h er en cy w i t h t h e su r r o u n d i n g cr eat es a s m o o t h e r t r a n s i t i o n b e t we e n t h r o u g h t h e si t e. Wi t h t h i s, t h e st r u ct u r e n o t o n l y diff u s e s i t s e l f i n t o t h e t o p o g r a p h y o f t h e p ar k l an d , i t al so al l o w s f o r i n cr eased si t e and p e d e s t r i a n p e r m e a b i l i t y. So c i a l l y, t h i s p r o cess cr eat es ed g es t h at i n t er r u p t s the a n t i - s o c i a l l i n e a r m o v e m e n t of t h e c i t y b y a l l o wi n g f o r t h e o p po r t u n i t y f o r s oci a l c o l l i s i o n .
E n v ironm ental and U rban Pe r me a tion The ‘ s o f t e n ’ s t r u c t u r e a l l o ws f o r t h e g en t l e p er m eat i o n of ped e s t r i a n s a c r o s s t h e s i t e , a l l o w i n g f o r a sm o o t h trans it i o n f r o m t h e o rg a n i c p a r k l a n d s t o t h e b u i l t su b u r b . The st r u c t u r e i t s e l f a l l o ws t h e p e r m e a t i o n o f su n l i g h t , ai r and v i e ws , i t s i n t e r i o r m e rg e s wi t h t h e ex t er i o r.
Existing loading zone
S C H E M AT I C
S t r u c tural C onsumption an d Pr oduc tion
The concept of consumption and production of the car park’s grid structure and waffle slab is explored in this schematic model. Throu gh
the
consumption
of
the
grid,
new
spaces,
thresholds and atmospheres were created. Similarly, the reproduction of the waffle slab to accommodate agriculture programs also creates a dynamic building that is always in the process of growth and decay.
44
M O D E L
I N F I L T R AT E
Sealed bunker hall complimentary shaded mushroom farm
4 Ordered machine infiltration Th e m a c h i n e r i e s o f t h e a n a er o b i c d i g est er i n f i l t r at es t h e f l o o r p l an s f r o m t h e g r o u n d f l o o r t o m erg e w i t h t h e ag r i cu l t u r e an d so ci al programs of the site. Su c h p e n e t r a t i o n a c r o s s t h e f l o o r n o t o n l y ex p o ses t h e p r o d u c t i o n m a c h i n e r y f o r t h e v i su al c o n s u m p t i o n o f t h e c i t y.
Waste input/ Storage Segregation
Treatment N
Post-treatment
Resource can be used immediately in farms above
Chimney overshadowing surrounding spaces
Resource Output
Shadowed in mornings Shadowed in evenings 5 Disordered agriculture infiltration Wh i l e t h e m ach i n e r ies inf iltr ates the s tr uctur e ver tically, the agr icultur al pr ogr ams i n f i l t r at i o n t h e st r uctur e f r om its edges inw ar ds hor izontally as if cons uming t h e st r u ct u r e. A r chitectur ally, the incooper ation of diff er ent height s teel planter b o x es f u r t h er b r eaks up the building’s mas s ive s cale to f or m a human s cale s pace.
46
6 Overlapping spaces The i n f i l t r a t i o n o f b o t h m a c h i n e r i es an d ag r i cu l t u r e l an d scap e h o r i zo n t al l y and v e r t i c a l l y p r o d u c e s a p r o g r am m at i c o v er l ap p i n g o f so ci al , p r o d u ct i o n and e d u c a t i o n a l s p a c e s t h a t c r e a t es a m u l t i l ay er ed h y b r i d i zed ex p er i en ce i n atm o s p h e r e a n d p r o g r a m s . Th i s p r od u ces an i n - b et w een sp ace t h at f aci l i t at e t h e expa n s i o n t h r o u g h t h e f i e l d s o f so ci al , i n d u st r i al an d ed u cat i o n al b o u n d ar i es wh i l e b r i n g i n g t o a t t e n t i o n t h e p r og r am m at i c r el at i o n sh i p s b et w een m ach i n e an d lan d s c a p e , b u i l t a n d n a t u r a l , g r o w t h and d e c a y, o r d e r e d a n d d i s o r d e r e d , co n t r o l l ab l e an d unc o n t r o l l a b l e e t c .
P r ogrammatic infiltration Co n t r a r y t o t h e ‘ s o f t ’ p e r m e a t i o n o f t h e t er r ace, t h e seem i n g l y f o r cef u l an d aggr e s s i v e o r d e r e d a n d d i s o r d e r e d i n f i l t r at i o n o f t h e m ach i n e an d ag r i cu l t u r e div e r s i f y t h e p e r m e a b i l i t y p o t e n t i a l s t h r o u g h t h e si t e .
F I L T R AT E
Tourist access from art gallery 7 Terrace access I m p o r t a n t a c c e ss p o i n t s f r o m t h e su r r o u n d i n g i n st i t u t i o n s a n d f r o m Wo o l lo o m o o l o o i s i d en t i f i ed an d p r o v i d ed t o al l o w m u l t i p l e a c c e s s o p t i o n s i n t o t h e si t e.
Park-goinger access from parkland
Front access Woolloomooloo
from
N
Student access from St Mary College Family access from Cook Phillip Park
8 Ramp Threshold T h e exis ting exter ior r amp and the buildings cir culation layout is p r es er ve and extend into the s tr uctur e to s er ve as the ‘ Thir d S pace’ f or so cial and cultur e inter action.
48
Wind direction in Winter and Autumn
Windrose D at a obtained f r om A us tr alian B u r ea u of M eteor ology.
6 Facade ventilation and wind analysis
Wind direction in Summer and Spring
Ch i m n e y s t h a t a r e c a u s i n g s o m e o v er sh ad o w i n g o f t h e su r r o u n d i n g sp aces are d e s i g n e d wi t h s t e e l wa ff l e g r i d t o n o t o n l y al l o w v i su al an d su n l i g h t pene t r a t i o n ; i t a l s o d o u b l e s a s a v en t i l at i o n co r e r eq u i r ed f o r t h e A D p l an t ope r a t i o n s . Th i s wi n d t o we r wo r k s w i t h a n ew r ecy cl ed p l ast i c f acad e o n t h e gro u n d f l o o r s t o f u r t h e r d i ff u s e t h e i n t er i o r an d ex t er i o r en v i r o n m en t s w i t h i n the b u i l d i n g .
Market space
P e destrian and goods filtr a tion As t h e ‘ p o r t i c o ’ o f t h e s t r u c t u r e , t h e ex i st i n g r am p ’s grad i e n t ‘ c o l o n n a d e ’ f u n c t i o n s a s a t r an si en t sp ace, fac i l i t a t i n g t h e s m o o t h t r a n s i t i o n o f p ed est r i an and g o o d s b e t we e n t h e i n f i l t r a t e d s p ace an d t h e cont r a d i c t o r y p r o g r a m s , a l l o wi n g f o r a f i l t r at i o n o f s pat i a l e x p e r i e n c e s a c r o s s t h e s i t e .
P O S T - P R O D U C T I O N D O C U M E N TAT I O N
T H E
M I D D L E
U R B A N
L A N D S C A P E
P E R M E AT I O N
The project opens up the former parking structure to the surrounding landscape, encouraging the permeation of pedestrians and its surrounding landscape into and across the site.
52
U R B A N
T E R R A C E
F A R M I N G
P R O G R A M M AT I C
The
I N F I L T R AT I O N
Local community
Agriculture community
Plant community
Tourist community
interpenetration,
interrelationship
and
interdependency of industrial, agriculture and leisure programs allows for the efficient produc tion and consumption systems that is self-sustainable.
56
Industry + Leisure Second Floor
H eat an d w at er f rom the co n d en ser ar e u s ed i m m ed i at el y f o r t h e f i l l i n g a nd h eat i n g o f p o o l .
Agriculture + Industry Clean water co l l e c t e d f r o m the roof is us e d i m m e d i a t e l y in the hydropon i c f a r m o n t h e s econd floor
Agriculture + Education
Education + Industry O rg an i c co m p o st tow er and m u sh r o o m f ar m i s connected t o f o o d w ast e co l l ection ar ea.
Toilets cor es ar e dir ectly connected to the liquid manur e holding ar ea on the gr ound f loor f or eff icient tr ans f er and r ecycling of blackw ater r equir ed f or f er mentation
First Floor
Us ed water fro m h y d r o p o n i c farm is filtere d i n p l a n t i n g lagoons before f l o wi n g d o wn into the water f i l t r a t i o n p l a n t and s tore on the g r o u n d f l o o r.
Threshold space under existing ramp functions as a social space, allowing diverse social activities like a market or soup kit chen to take place.
Waste input Industry + Agriculture
Industry + Leisure H eat an d w at er vapour f r o m t h e C o ndens er s an d P o st - t r eatment f aci l i t i es ca n be d i r ect l y u sed f or t h er m al g r o v e gar den
Ground Floor
Industry + Environment
Resource output
Wat er f r o m t h e d ew at er i n g f aci l i t y i s u sed an d t r eat ed i n a Wet l an d b ef o r e en t er i n g t h e ci t y ’s sew er ag e sy st em .
f o r d i ff er en t comf or t for the p u blic in d i ff er en t seasons
O rganic w as te f r om the s egr egation ar ea and blender is nutr ient r ich enough to be us ed immediately in the compos t gar den.
P O W E R P L A N T A N D P L A N T AT I O N I N F I L T R AT I O N
S P AT I A L
F I L T R AT I O N
The circulation spaces reinforces the spectrum of atmosphere
across
the
structure,
from
the
dark,
decaying spaces of the mushroom farm and bunker hall on the North zone to the bright, growing agriculture spaces of the hydroponic farms and water filtering towers on the South. The circulation spaces contributes to the unification of the intensity of the spaces across the site, rendering them as one for a spatial experience that reflects the consumption and production systems, the life and death cycles in our world.
60
Without the need f or s unlight, the mus hr oom f ar m is placed bes ide the bunker hall to r einf or ce the f eeling of decadence.
Hy d r o p o n i c f a r m a n d wa t e r f i l t r a t i o n t o we r
E N T R A N C E R A M P T H R E S H O L D A S T H I R D S P A C E
G R O U N D
F L O O R
P L A N
1:500 Post-treatment & storage
Power Generator Fertilizer storage
Loading zone
Water storage Switchgear Equipment Water filter Power Transformer
Emergency Diesel Unit
Digester Residue Storage
Packing area
Biogas storage
Plant lounge 1 ID Fan & Chimney Post-treamtent Plant
Dewatering
Threhold s pace
Wetland Water Treatment
Biodiversity Thermal Grove
Dropoff zone Vehicular acccess Landscape
N
64
Main Entrance
Pedestrian acccess
Plant entrance 1
P lant entrance 3
Threhold space
Resource & Exportation Office
Air-cooled Condenser
F i lt r a t i o n o f organic w aste occurs a c r oss the gr ound f loor f r om the Nor th to th e So u th w h i l e p e d e st rians filtrate across an d thr ough the e ntr a nc e r a mp thr e shold spa c e .
Storage
Segregation zone & pre-treatment area
Treatment area
ID Fan & Chimney
Digester 1
Office & Automation
Office & Automation
Biological Plant lounge 2
Negative Pressure Ventilation & Air Filtration System Tubular Heat exchange
Hydrolysis
Liquid manure storage
Solid trash output
Plant Digester 2
Segregation
Digeste r 3
Arrival Hall
Bunker Hall
Blender Plant entrance 2
Waste Monitor & Acceptance Office
Biodiversity Thermal Grove
Dropoff zone
P lant entrance 4
Si de Entrance
T hrehold space
Compost Garden
F I R S T
F L O O R
P L A N
1:500
Hydroponic Farm
Sampling Station
Emission Control Station Terrace farming
Fire Exit
Observation Deck
N
66
T h e i n f i l t r a t ed first floor is the inte r stitia l z one tha t e xhibits the r e la tionsh ip b e tw e e n t he m a c h i n e r ies extruding from the gr ound f loor a nd the pla nta tions inf iltr a tin g f r o m th e s ec o n d f l o o r.
Toilets Mushroom Farm
Crane Control Room
Terrace farming
Fire Exit
Observation Deck
Toilets
S E C O N D
F L O O R 1:500
P L A N Lift Access
Lift Access
Hydroponic farming
Terrace Farming
N
68
Innovation Center
Feed Water Tank/ Pool
T h e h i g h l y p erm eable second floo r ha ve ope n light- f ille d a nd a n ope n f loor p la n in th e ce n t r a l a r e a to accommodate a w ide - r a nge of soc ia l a nd a gr ic ultur a l a c tivit ie s th a t a r e as s o c i a t e d t o the parkland, art galle r y a nd St Ma r y Ca the dr a l Colle ge .
Changing room & locker
Lift Access
Entry concierge
Toilets Lift Access
Mushroom Farm
Pool and Lounge Area / Event Space
Terrace Lounge Area Terrace Farming
T H I R D
F L O O R
P L A N Park Access
1:500 St Mary College and Park Access Ramp to Pool Lounge Lift Access
Rooftop Lounge Rooftop Water Collection Pool
N
70
Garden
T h e T h i r d F l oor is an extension of the pa r kla nd, a llowing f or a smooth tr a nsit io n f r o m t he p a r k l a n d into the structure, dra wing pe de str ia n f low. Art Gallery Access
Ramp to Pool Lounge Lift Access
Lift Access
Mushroom Farm
F R O N T
E L E VAT I O N 1:500
As if buried under the city, the process of decadence occurs on the ground level, sprouting out of the ground are the plant covered chimneys. The structure symbolizes of the sustainable metaphor of life and death, growth and decay, consumption and production. The infiltration of the programs is most evident in elevation, producing a multi-layered experience for a wide range of social, industrial, education and agricultural collaboration.
72
F R O N T
E L E VAT I O N 1:250
The fenestration strategy of the structure allows for a dramatized permeation of sunlight, ventilation and visibility to create dynamic, everchanging atmosphere within. 74
C R O S S - S E C T I O N 1:150
The chimneys and elevator cores functions as light and also ventilation towers, providing required venting of filtered air into t he atmosphere. Due to its massive scale, the chimneys are also open-aired at the top to minimize overshadowing and preventing downdraughts it is surrounding area.
STEEL PLANTER BOX & PLASTIC FOOD CONTAINER FACADE
Existing Fire Exit
Existing Circulation Core as Ramp Access Existing Ramp as Observation Deck
Compos t Farm
76
Blender
Windtower & Steamreleasing Chimney
Steam-releasing Chimney
OLD AND NEW CONCRETE FLOOR JOINT
Elevator Core & Windtower
Terrace farming Access Ramp Mushroom Farm
Biological
Mushroom Farm
Hydrolysis Plant
Office & Automation
Access Ramp
S T E E L
P L A N T E R B O X & P L A S T I C C O N T A I N E R F A C A D E 1:20
1% SLOPE CAPPING Z SECTION
METAL PLANTER BOX PROTECTION BOARD WATERPROOF MEMBRANE WASHED COARSE SAND DRAINAGE CELL DRAINAGE
NEW RECYCLED-CONCRETE WALL SEALANT STEEL FRAME FACADE RECYCLED PLASTIC CONTAINER COLLECTED AND SEGREGATED FROM FOOD WASTE SECONDARY STEEL FRAME STRUCTURE
78
O L D
A N D
N E W
C O N C R E T E
F L O O R
J O I N T
1: 10
NEW RECYCLE-CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB
STEEL COVER PLATE
COPPER WATERSTOP
EXISTING CONCRETE FLOOR SLAB
DOWEL CAP
DOWEL BAR 25.0 MM WIDE COMPRESSIBLE FILLER BOARD 20.0 MM WIDE JOINT SEALER
NEW RECYCLE CONCRETE WALL
79
F I N A L
80
S I T E
M O D E L
F I N A L
84
C R O S S - S E C T I O N
M O D E L
86
T H E
Through
M I D D L E
the
architectural
L A N D S C A P E
application
of
permeation,
infiltration and filtration, The Middle Landscape proposes a new way of life for a new world. The structure consumes while producing, decaying while growing, reacting while influencing its surrounding, all while providing
an architectural ‘in-
between’ that serves to unite the city’s social, environmental and technological production and consumption systems. It is not a landscape nor a built structure. It is neither mechanic or natural, and is not a historical preservation or projection of science fiction. It is a grey area – an aggregator of contradictions, it is The Middle Landscape.
N O T E S
1 Nicolas Bourriaud, Postprod uction (New York: Sternberg Press, 2002), 19. 2 Nicolas Bourriaud, Postprod uction (New York: Sternberg Press, 2002), 17. 3 Nicolas Bourriaud, Postprod uction (New York: Sternberg Press, 2002), 24. 4 Kerstin Thompson, “Gradient Architecture: Mobile, Fluid, Continuous,” Architecture Australia 90.3 (May 2001): p66+. 5 Narongpon Laiprakobsup, “Inbetween Place: The Emergence of the Essence,” (Diss., Texas A&M Universtity, 2007), 1. 6 Narongpon Laiprakobsup, “Inbetween Place: The Emergence of the Essence,” (Diss., Texas A&M Universtity, 2007), 11. 7 Elizabeth Clements and Rebecca Taylor, “Empty Car Parks Everywhere, But Nowhere to Park. How Cities Can Do Better.” The Conversation, 20 July, 2018, https://theconversation.com/empty-car-parks-everywhere-but-nowhere-to-park-how-cities-can-dobetter-99031. 8 Phillip McDonald, “Sydney’s housing demand is swallowing farms on the harbour city’s fringes,” ABC News, 13 March, 2018, http:// www.abc.net.au/news/2018-03-13/sydney-farms-disappearing-due-to-urban-sprawl/9523428. 9 Robert Milliken, “Australia’s Energy Crisis,” The Economist, 2018, https://www.google.com.au/search?rlz=1C1GCEB_ enAU812AU812&ei=yuiLW8ipNNjt-QbWt6WwBA&q=sydney+energy+crisis&oq=sydney+energy+crisis&gs_l=psy-ab.3..33i21k1.2715.6 706.0.6937.13.13.0.0.0.0.224.1033.0j5j1.6.0....0...1.1.64.psy-ab..7.6.1030...0j0i22 i30k1.0.M2R4iAdo_bg. 10 Nick Miller, “Waste Crisis, Australia isn’t Recycling, We’re ‘Just Collectin’ ,” The Sydney Morning Herald, 5 May, 2018, https:// www.smh.com.au/world/europe/waste-crisis-australia-isn-t-recycling-we-re-just-collecting-20180504-p4zdau.html. 11 Simon Henley, The Architec ture of Parking (New York: Thames & Hudson, 2007), 8. 12 Simon Henley, The Architecture of Parking (New York: Thames & Hudson, 2007), 13.
R E A D I N G
L I S T
Bruce, Kirsty. Postproduction: The Adaptive Renewal of Industrial Purpose Built Architecture. Ottawa: Published Heritage Branch, 2007. Chan, Sarah M. Cloud Space: An Architecture of the Third Environment. East Eisenhower: ProQuest, 2018. Gorgolewski, Mark, June Komisar, and Joe Nasr. Carrot City: Creating Places for Urban Agriculture. New York: The Monacelli Press, 2011. Gruber, Petra. Biomimetics in Architecture: Architecture of Life and Buildings. New York: SpringerWien New York, 2011. Hebel, Dirk E., Marta H. Wisniewska , and Felix Heisel. Building from Waste: Recovered Materials in Architecture and Construction. Basel:
Birkhäuser Verlag GmbH, 2014.
Kara, Hanif, and Leire Asensio Villoria. Architecture and Waste: A (Re)Planned Obsolescenc. New York: Actar Publishers, 2017. Solowski, Sean J. The Third Space: Terminal Architecture and the Territory of the In-Between. Ottawa: Published Heritage Branch, 2009. Wong, Liliane. Adaptive Reuse: Extending the Lives of Buildings. Basel: Birkhäuser Verl ag GmbH, 2017.