The Red Nova

T H E

R E D

N O V A

JAYMUS C. LIM SHU YAN YEW

UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE M A ST E R

O F

S U STA I NA B LE

A RCHI TEC TUR E

R ES EA RCH

SPRING 2017

T H E

R E D

N O V A

A THIRD CULTURAL FOR LINDEN OBSERVATORY

JAYMUS C. LIM SHU YAN YEW

STUD I O

P R O L O G U E

T he Re d N ova i s a col l a bo rat i o n between two go o d f r iends, who

toget he r

ex pl ores

susta ina bi l i ty

in

a rc hitec t ure

t hro ug h t h e l e ns of a stro no my, c ulture a nd h isto r y. The pro j e c t p rop os e s a potent i a l red evelo pment o f t he L i n den Obs e r vator y up i n t h e Blue M o unta ins west o f Sydn ey, whic h a dd re s s t he contra d i c t i o ns a nd co mpl ex i ty o f wester n a nd a bo r i g i na l c ul t u re a nd hi sto r y o f t he site, whil e t he co nc ept o f susta i na b l e a rc hi te c t ure that is def i ned by The Inter nati o n a l L i v i ng F ut ure I nst i t u te’s L i vin g Bui l d ing Ch a l l enge wi l l be fu l f i l l e d to e ns u re t h e enviro nmenta l , eco no mi c a nd so ci a l s u sta i n a b i l i t y of the new si te. Wi th t h at , thi s pro jec t w i l l cont ri bute to t he stud y o f susta ina bi l i ty in c u r rent a rchi te c t u ra l d i s cours e .

T hi s port fol i o i s a s e ri e s o f ex per i mentati o ns, resea rc h a nd deve l op me nt s i n s usta i na ble a nd c ultura l t heo r i es that a im to not on l y effe c t i ve l y inf use t h e redevel o p ment p ro po sa l, bu t a l s o e nh a n c e i t . Di vided into 4 pa r t s, t hi s po r t fo l i o re pre s e nt s t he comi ng to gether o f di fferent el ement s to pro duc e a proj e c t t hat i s t r u ly a mo ng t he sta rs, t hi s is The Re d N ova .

I N D E X

CHAPTER 1

PA R T 1

PA R T 2

RESEARCH

DESIGN

CHAPTER 4

CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER 5

T H E C O N TA C T

T H E I M PA C T

THE ACCRETION

T H E R E D NOVA

2 - 12

13 - 22

23 - 32

33 - 59

T H E

C O N T A C T

Thi s c ha pter is t he first contact between the site and us, w here ex p l o red the si te in term s of its clim atic, environm ental, , la ndsca pe, hi sto r i cal and cultural characters to ex tract the best a nd wo rst o f the site. Here, the concept of refuge and pro spec t is heavil y explored.

P R O J E C T

L O C A T I O N

Located approximately 80.0 kilometres west of S y d n e y, t h e B l u e M o u n t a i n s i s h o m e t o t h e M o u n t a i n Darug tribe and was once the contact point between different aboriginal communities. European settlers from Sydney begin expeditions to the mountains in t h e l a t e e i g h t e e n c e n t u r y, w h i c h b e g i n t h e c o n t a c t s between Mountain Darug and Western civilization and knowledge.1

Project Site Blue Mountain The project sitethe Linden O b s e r v a t o r y, i s l o c a t e d m i d w a y u p the Blue Mountains in the Katoomba District.

Historical documents revealed that the climatic landscape of the Blue Mountains was embraced by the Mountain Darug. Due to the Mountain D a r u g ’s association to the ‘Seven Sisters Dreaming ’- an astronomic legend, it is highly likely that astronomy played a major part for the Mountain Darug communities for navigating the mountains, and predicting hunting seasons and change in climate.2

3

The Great Western Highway The best way to get to the project site today is by train on the Blue Mountain Line which runs parallel to the Great Western H i g h w a y.

This corridor between Sydney and Blue Mountains remains similar to the track way used by the Mountain Darug people as the safest and most direct path to the sea; This knowledge eventually passed to European settlers which begin expeditions, farming, mining operation and leisure activities in the Blue Mountain. 3 S y m b o l i c a l l y, t h i s corridor emerges as a link between the western settlers of the East and the Mountain Darug of the South, an infrastructure stemmed from the knowledge of native Darug and the technology of western civilization.

Sydney

N

1: 4 0 0 0 0 0 @A 4

L I N D E N Linden Observatory

Glossop Road

The rocky plateau that sits the dark sky site was established by Ken Beames in the 1940s for amateur a s t r o n o m y. T h e o b s e r v a t o r y s i t e a n d K e n B e a m e s ’ works and buildings were heritage listed in 2010, and remains as a place for amateur astronomy learning.4

T h e 2 0 - m i n u t e w a l k b e t w e e n L i n d e n Tr a i n S t a t i o n a n d the observatory is guided by the narrow and undulating Burke Road and a more suburban street of Glossop Road. These roads also provide for breathtaking views of the hills, mountains and sometimes even the City o f S y d n e y. W h i l e t h e n a t u r a l t e r r a i n i n f o r m s v i s i t o r s of the character of the physical environment.

Linden Train Station Burke Road

N

1:10000 @A4 4

L I N D E N

O B S E R V A T O R Y Amateur astronomy Post-war heritage site Darug country

Blue Mountain National Park

Sliding observatory

Storage

Old observatory

Main workshop

Ken Beames’ Residence

Main access Car park Meeting room

To i l e t b l o c k

A-frame Residence N

550

566

568

570

572

574

552

554

556

558

560

562

564

5

576

1 : 1 0 0 0 @A 4

S P A T I A L

A N A L Y S I S

4

2

3

6

5

1

N

L egen d

Ac c essibi l i ty

V iew range

Refuge zone

Prospect zone

1

Zone

1 : 1 0 0 0 @A 4 6

V I S U A L Zone collage

E X P E R I E N C E

Refuge-prospect zones

1 90% Refuge

2 60% Refuge

3 75% Prospect

4 55% Refuge

5 65% Refuge

6 70% Prospect

Refuge

Dynamic Atmospheres

Prospect

The dramatized colours of the site brings out the two worlds of refuge and prospect, which informs the dynamic atmospheres that can be found on the site. For instance, the cosy tree-filled entry path of the Southern, or the Northern areas with spectacular views towards the surrounding environment.

Compact, near vistas and ill-lit

Extensive, distant vistas and well-lit

7

S I T E Rustic

P A T T E R N S

Earth-toned

Undulation

Story

Natural symmetry T h e s i t e ’s r o c k fo r m a t i o n s , u n d u l a t i o n s , c o m b i n e d w i t h t h e r u s t i c n a t u r e o f K e n B e a m e s ’ c o l l e c t i o n o f t e c h n o l o g y a n d b u i l d i n g s c o n v e y t h e c h a r a c t e r, c h a r m a n d h i s t o r y o f t h e site in a natural language.

8

S U M M E R

E N V I R O N M E N T

9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

Average

A N A L Y S I S

N

Summer heat refuge

9

T h e s i t e r e c e i v e s p l e n t y o f d a y l i g h t i n s u m m e r, w i t h t h e b u i l d i n g f a ç a d e s r e c e i v i n g h e a t e n e r g y t h r o u g h o u t t h e d a y.

A l t h o u g h K a t o o m b a i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 1 0 D e g r e e C e l s i u s c o o l e r t h a n S y d n e y ’s c l i m a t e , s p a c e s t h a t s t o p r e c e i v i n g e n e r g y in the evening is mapped out as heat refuge spaces.

W I N T E R

E N V I R O N M E N T

9:00 am

12:00 pm

3:00 pm

Average

A N A L Y S I S

N

Winter sun exposure The total surface areas that receive sunlight decreases in winter while the energy required to heat up the site increases . Hence, the areas with high sunlight exposure in winter is indicated for solar energy collection.

10

W I N D

A N A L Y S I S

N

Prospect

High wind exposure

11

Refuge

Wake areas

Near Gale

The strongest winds emerge from the West

Calm wind

Breezes frequent from the East

Potential zones for development

S U M M A R Y

O F

A N A L Y S I S

Overall, the analysis shows that the eastern side of buildings and trees have the potential to achieve a space with great thermal comfort, as most of them receives sunlight in the winter while being protected by the adjacent buildings from the summer sun. On the other hand, the wind analysis displayed the continuously exposed area of centre of the site, which make the central part vulnerable to environmental condition.

Nonetheless, the refuge from wind can be found at the eastern side to the o b s e r v a t o r y, s l o p i n g d o w n the hill and protected by the trees. These spots have the strongest potential in placing function which requires both indoor and outdoor spaces, such as astronomy learning space.

V i s u a l l y, t h e s o u t h - e a s t e r n area are the secluded refuge zone while the northern area is the prospect zone, looking across the mountains.

Refuge zone is suitable for placing accommodation or contemplative area, while the prospect zone would be beneficial for viewing deck.

N

L e ge n d

V i s ua l Ref uge

V isua l Pro spec t

Sum m er heat refuge

W inter heat exposure

W ind refuge

1 : 1 0 0 0 @A 4 12

T H E

I M P A C T

Thi s c h a pter wil l explore the im pacting elem ents that w ill mo und the pro jec t towards sustainable pathways. T he Living Bu i l di ng Cha ll en ge w ill be explored and fulfilled to address bo th th e co ntra dicting elem ents of the site. Precedent stud ies wil l be conducted to uncover both technical and ph i l o so ph ica l a p proaches to the site.

L I V I N G

B U I L D I N G

Optimized daylight and ventilation strategies Prohibit smoking

Low maintenance design strategies Biophilic environment

Health + Happiness

Human scale designs Sufficient signage Highly accessible / to nature Donation to local amateur astronomy society

Use of non-toxic materials Regenerative materials Low embodied energy Sustainable sourcing Recycled materials Contribute to local economy Prefabrication

Equity

Materials

Showcase of Ken Beames’ artefacts Aboriginal culture and spirit Inspirational architecture design

15

C H A L L E N G E

105% site energy production No on-site combustion

Energy

Place

Beauty

Urban agriculture Pedestrian-orientated Bicycle rental Limits to growth

Water

100% self-sufficient water usage & storage Water-recycle systems

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

C A S E

S T U D Y

HAWAI’I PREP ACADEMY ENERGY LAB N a t u r a l Te c h n o l o g y

Image 1

16

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

S T R A T E G Y

HAWAI’I PREP ACADEMY ENERGY LAB This fully sustainable educational facility at the w i n d w a r d e d g e o f K a m e u l a ’s H i l l s n e a r M a u n a Loa Observatory in Hawaii is one rare exemplar of the Living Building Challenge.5

Prevailing wind

High- ceiling volumes for heat stratification.

North

Angled walls become roofs for water catchment and solar panels Project room 1

South

Work stations

Mauka Hall

Makai Hall

Lab & workshop

Ve nt i l at i o n At a windward edge, the ventilation strategy of the facility takes full advantage of the frequent prevailing winds that accelerates downhill, allowing the facility to be independent of mechanical HVAC systems t o a c h i e v e a z e r o n e t e n e r g y. 6

17

Angled surfaces and terrain maximise water catchment.

The facility utilizes both standard PVs and Bi-facial PVs.

Fresh air enters the building from air louvre control inlet.

Water storage & filtration

Stale air ventilates through window openings

Section A-A

1 : 2 0 0 @A 4

V E N T I L A T I O N

S T R A T E G Y

HAWAI’I PREP ACADEMY ENERGY LAB The facility employs three distinct forms of fenestrations to encourage natural ventilation throughout.

Outdoor classroom

Monitoring lab

To i l e t

To i l e t

Project Project room room 1 2

Office

Northeast ramp/ entry

Conference room

Mauka Hall

Work stations

West court

East court

Makai Hall

Lessons Lab & workshop

Basement west stair landing

Sun deck

Basement east stair landing

The architectural lesson of this case study will be the importances of angled surfaces for the most efficient accommodation sustainable strategies such as solar panels, water catchment roof and even high angled building sections for ventilation.

Section A-A

Operable louvres on automatic sensor

Operable windows/ doors

Operable awning windows

Natural + mechanical ventilation zone

Natural ventilation zone with exhaust fan assist

N

1 : 4 0 0 @A 4 18

B I O P H I L I C

C A S E

S T U D Y

W I N D H O V E R C O N T E M P L AT I V E C E N T E R & A R T G A L L E RY Blending Nature

Lessons The characterful atmospheres of the Linden Observatory site provided by its natural environment and forms presents a perfect opportunity in the exploration of biophilic design principles that brings out the sensory stimulus of architecture . This case study in Stanford University employs natural forms and patterns such as materials and flora for the production of dynamic interior spaces that blends itself into its surrounding natural climate and environment.7

Image 2

19

H U M A N

D E S I G N

14 Principles of Biophilia Dynamic Spaces

Atmospheres

Natural Patterns

Image 3

Image 4

Image 5

Visual Connection with Nature Non-visual Connection with Nature Non-Rhythmic Sensory Stimuli T h e r m a l & A i r f l o w Va r i a b i l i t y Presence of Water Dynamic & Diffuse Light Connection with Natural Systems

Prospect Refuge Mystery Risk/Peril

Biomorphic Forms & Patterns Material Connection with Nature Complexity & Order

20

C O N T E M P L A T I O N Reflecting the past

The painting titled ‘Reflection of 1917’ reflects the historical significance of the site.

21

A N D

R E F L E C T I O N Reflecting the future

Ken Beames’ reflection microscope a n d M o u n t a i n D a r u g a s t r o n o m y, w e r e b o t h use to reflect the future.

S T A T E M E N T

O F

E F F E C T

The Red Nova Darug knowledge

Living Building Challenge

Aboriginal astronomy

Amateur western astronomy

Ken Beames’ heritage preservation

Local economic sustainability

Environmental design

Biophilic design

Design Philosophy The architectural approach will acknowledge the historical and cultural significance of the site through high quality architectural interventions that not only preserve its stories and values, but also provides for future-proofing economic opportunities and a place for social, cultural and scientific discoveries, all in the lens of sustainable design. The amalgamation of these principles will bring up a third culture that is brighter and more brilliant than before, - The Red Nova.

22

T H E

A C C R E T I O N

Thi s c ha pter i s a n accretion of design strategies that w ill def i ned a p ro jec t that is sensitive to the existing elem ents o f the site, yet i t is itself also an interstitial space w ith a pu r po se i n developing a third culture between histor y and f ut ure, a bo r i g i n a l and western and science and culture.

The p rec edent studies and site analysis are cores to the develo p ment o f t his stage.

S C H E M A T I C

P L A N

Design Principles In Praise of Shadows: Our proposal shows appreciation to the dark space and the spatial quality created under this atmosphere, a fundamental requirement for the astronomers. This principle highlights the light pollution and awareness to preserve the dark sky site.

T h e P a s t ’s F u t u r e Respect towards the historical value of the site, the proposal has to be distinctive from the heritage buildings, conveyed with contemporary architectural language, to prevent accusation of forging historic evidence but still, maintain the connection b e t w e e n o l d a n d n e w.

Multiplicity and memory The dynamic character of aboriginal community influence our proposal in a way that the project can be translated with different perspective while keeping the culture and knowledge alive from the past, to present and future.

25

N 1:1000 @ A4

R E F L E C T I O N W N

The Oval, reflection, infinite,whole.

Instead of a site connection that transects through the center of the site, - further reinforcing the divisive nature of the buildings on the site, an outer ring was formulated to not only connect the existing programs, the ring also acts as the point of contact between the project and its natural environment which is often inaccessible due to the thick vegetation and dramatic terrain.

Aboriginal ceremonial dance

S E

Culture of knowledge sharing

N Different cultures come together W

E

26 S

C L I M A T I C Wind Barrier at W W

L A N D S C A P E N

Entrance

Wind Barrier at SW Openings respond to climatic condition and entrance

Slopes responds to terrain and wheelchair access

27

Wind Barrier at NE

S

E

P R O G R A M

D I S T R I B U T I O N

Outdoor dining & agriculture Protecting visibility of the heritage buildings from entrance

Learning space

Programs are arranged according to the site and climatic condition

Refuge

Accommodation 175m2 ( 1 1 m 2/ p p approx. 15pp)

Workstation 40m2 ( 8 m 2/ p p approx. 5pp)

Cafe and Reception 150m2 ( 5 m 2/ p p approx. 30pp)

Learning Space 125m2 ( 3 m 2/ p p approx. 40pp)

Urban Agriculture 40m2 ( 4 m 2/ p p approx. 10pp)

28

F O R M

Maximum span: 70m The span of the cantilevered ring does not interferes the ground at all, made possible with steel construction. The land will be excavated to accommodate some parts of the ring while most of the parts are resting on the ground.

Span

29

The buildings that are sandwiched between the heritage buildings and the new oval is the contact point between old knowledge and the future. These spaces are dynamic in the sense that they are inhabitant by visitors of the site that brings new knowledge and are also there to share. Looking inwards, these third cultural spaces look towards the old buildings of the site, learning from the past; Looking outwards into the vast surrounding natural landscape, future knowledge is waiting to be discovered. This key theme derived from the reflection of the past and future

C O N T E M P O R A R Y

Continuity and contradiction for heritage preservation strategy

S T A M P

Issues with the form: overheating and lack of diffused light

Connect the highest point to the lowest point of the form, s y m b o l i c a l l y, t o b r i n g o n e ’s i n n e r spirit closer to Mother Earth and the Father Sky

The roof edge is raised for clerestory w i n d o w, a l l o w i n g heat stratification.

Materiality

Design technique used

Cross-laminated timber panels are used for the structural walls and floors with charred timber cladding for fire prevention and moulding.

Tr a n s p a r e n t and translucent polycarbonate sheets are used for greenhouse with treated timber framing, for diffused lighting.

30

E N V I R O N M E N T A L

20% floor area each for low-level window and skylights to ensure sufficient air movement and air exchange within the greenhouse

S T R A T E G I E S

Low-high openings and stack ventilation in the learning space and mezzanine

Cross ventilation and stack ventilation within the exhibition space

Single sided and stack ventilation are used in each of the rooms and walkway

31

C O N S T R U C T I O N

Primary concrete foundation

Secondary laminated timber beams

Te r t i a r y steel tension rods

S T R A T E G I E S

Construction Sequence The foundation is first constructed to transfer the gravity loads to the earth. The primary structure such as the concrete shear walls and concrete floor slabs are then placed above the foundation.

The timber framing system acts as secondary structure, with laminated timber beams resting on the concrete walls and the loads being transferred down through the concrete walls.

To t a c k l e t h e l a t e r a l l o a d , t h e steel tension rods which act as cross bracing will tie the structure t o g e t h e r.

32

T H E

R E D

N O V A

Wi th a ll t h in g s considered, the final chapter presents T he Red Nova a s a statem ent in our definition of sustainable a rc hi tec tu re.

M A S T E R P L A N

Cantilevered span: Approx. 70m

The Ring

Agriculture and cafe

Cultural center

Accommodation

Cantilevered span: Approx. 61m N 1:1000 @ A4

35

S I T E

F L O O R

Cantilevered span: Approx. 70m

P L A N

The Reflection

L S 2

C S 2

The Greens

The Third Culture L S 3

C

S 4

C S 3

The Refuge

C S 1

L S 1

Cantilevered span: Approx. 61m N 1:1000 @ A4

36

T H E

G R E E N S

F L O O R

P L A N

KITCHEN OUTDOOR DINING

C S 2 ENTRANCE CAFE R E S TA U R A N T

L S 2

GREENHOUSE SERVICE AND STORAGE TO BUSHLAND GREENHOUSE

G AT H E R I N G S PA C E ENTRANCE

RECEPTION AREA

REST ROOM

MAIN ENTRANCE

37

1:200 @ A4

T H E

G R E E N S

L O N G I T U D I N A L

S E C T I O N

CAFE R E S TA U R A N T

THE INTERSTITIAL S PA C E

WAT E R TA N K A N D B L A C K WAT E R T R E AT M E N T GREENHOUSE SERVICE AND STORAGE GREENHOUSE

TO BUSHLAND

L S 2 1:200 @ A4

38

T H E

G R E E N S

C R O S S - S E C T I O N

ROOF SECTION D E TA I L ( R S D )

THE REFLECTION

GREENHOUSE

S TA L E

FRESH N AT U R A L V E N T I L AT I O N

39

C S 2 1:200 @ A4

FEMALE SHOWER

R E F U G E

MALE SHOWER

T H E

F L O O R

P L A N

GUEST ROOMS

KITCHEN

ENTRANCE

L S 1

LOUNGE & DINING AREA B AT H R O O M

WA L K WAY TO T H E B A L C O N Y

BALCONY

WA L K WAY D O W N TO T H E R I N G

1:200 @ A4

40

T H E

R E F U G E

C R O S S - S E C T I O N

ROOF SECTION D E TA I L 2 ( R S D 2 ) SERVICES WA L K WAY DOWN

BEDROOM

WAT E R A N D B I O - F I LT R AT I O N TA N K S

C S 1

C S 1 1:200 @ A4

41

T H E

KITCHEN

R E F U G E

L O N G I T U D I N A L

B AT H R O O M S

GUEST ROOMS

S E C T I O N

BALCONY

SERVICE CEILING

WAT E R A N D B I O F I LT R AT I O N TA N K

THE REFLECTION

L S 1 1:200 @ A4

42

T H E

T H I R D

C U L T U R E

F L O O R

P L A N

W O R K S TAT I O N

EXISTING O B S E R VAT O R Y

ENTRANCE

PROJECTION ROOM

ENTRANCE

OUTDOOR CLASSROOM WITH TERRACED S E AT I N G

C O L L A B O R AT I V E LEARNING S PA C E

L S 3

ENTRANCE

ENTRANCE

EXHIBITION S PA C E MEZZANINE

C

S

4

EXISTING WORKSHOP

C S 3 1:300 @ A4

43

T H E

T H I R D

C U L T U R E

L O N G I T U D I N A L

S E C T I O N S

MEZZANINE

PROJECTION ROOM

C O L L A B O R AT I V E L E A R N I N G S PA C E

OUTDOOR CLASSROOM WITH TERRACED S E AT I N G

THE REFLECTION

L S 3 1:300 @ A4

44

T H E

T H I R D

C U L T U R E

C R O S S - S E C T I O N S

MEZZANINE EXISTING WORKSHOPS

LEARNING S PA C E

EXHIBITION S PA C E

C S 3 C S 4 1:200 @ A4

45

C O N S T R U C T I O N

T H E

S P E C I F I C A T I O N

G R E E N S

S T R U C T U R A L

T H E

D E T A I L

R E F U G E

G U T T E R

D E T A I L

Part of Water Patel by Jaymus

TIMBER RIDGE BEAM

C H A R R E D T I M B E R PA N E L S F I X E D O N T I M B E R B AT T E N S OVER RENO-LIT FIXING RAIL

300MM x 100MM L A M I N AT E D T I M B E R RO0F TRUSS

WAT E R P R O O F I N G MEMBRANE ON 12MM P LY W O O D O V E R P U R L I N S W I T H I N S U L AT I O N

S TA I N L E S S S T E E L B O LT S STEEL TENSION ROD WITH CONNECTION

75 X 125 MM BLACK P O LY E T H Y L E N E G U T T E R

300MM x 100MM L A M I N AT E D TIMBER JOIST

1 2 M M P LY W O O D O N 300MM x 100MM L A M I N AT E D T I M B E R R O 0 F TRUSS ON TOP OF VAPOUR BARRIER

S TA R T E R B A R T O H O L D U P P O LY C A R B O N AT E SHEETS

R S D

R S D 2

1:20 @ A4

1:20 @ A4

46

W A T E R

D E S I G N

Jaymus C. Lim A s a g i ve r o f l i fe, water i s i m por tant in bot h t he preser vat ion a nd fo ste r i ng of a bor i gi na l a nd western cult ure and histor y. It wa s the refo re vi ta l suc h e l e m ent was considered in t he design pro c e ss f ro m the begi nni ng.

Water pumped to ceiling Accommodation kitchen and bathroom water diagram

C A F E A N D R E S TA U R A N T Roof area: 220.5 m2 Usage: 2.48L/ m2 x 65 m2 = 800L / day OUTDOOR TOILET Usage: 63L/ person daily = 300L/ day

E X C E S S WAT E R I S F E D I N T O THE MAIN GRID

GREEN HOUSE Roof area: 122.8 m2 Usage: 20L/m2 x 15 m2 = 280L / day A C C O M M O D AT I O N Roof area: 331.4 m2 Usage: 123L/ person daily

Bio-filtration tanks

x 15 person

2 0 l i tre co nc rete water ta n ks w i th f i l trati o n ca pa bi l i ti es

= 1845L / day

F I LT E R E D B L A C K WAT E R I S R E L E A S E I N T O L I N D E N C R E E K E D U C AT I O N C E N T E R Roof area: 380.7 m2 excluding dome Usage: 20L/ person daily x 40 person = 800L / day THE REFLECTION Roof area: 490.7 m2

L O C AT I O N SYDNEY T hro ug h the st udy of the wate r col l ect ion st rategy of t he Hawai ’ i Pre p E ne rg y La b a nd the natura l black water filt rat ion system of t he O m e ga C e nte r for Susta i na ble, in regards to t he climate a nd te r ra i n o f the l i nde n obser vator y, t he site was able to ful f i l l e d t h e wate r peta l set by the Liv ing Building Challenge to a chi eve a 1 0 0 % se l f- eff i c i e nt si te wit h water storage and recycle capa bi l i t i e s.

47

WAT E R X R O O F A R E A WAT E R F R O M PREVIOUS MONTH DEMAND TA N K C A PA C I T Y O V E R F LO W / S H O R T FA L L

G r e e n h o u s e

B l a c k w a t e r

F i l t r a t i o n WALLS AS ROOFS

Rain water paths

The int ro duct io n o f s l o pe wa l l s no t o nly m ax im ize s th e water catc hm ent are a o f t he s ite, i t a l s o g ui des water t hro ugh gu tte rs to the req ui red a rea s o f t he bu i l d i ng s .

Rain Gutter Clean water Black water

TERRAIN The u t ilizat io n o f the s i te terra i n fo r wate r f low and f i l trati o n m i n i m i zes t he ne e d fo r m e c h a ni ca l i nter venti o n.

Bl a c k water f rom site is brought to the green house for f i l trati on and use before i t i s rel e a s ed.

WAT E R C O L L E C T I O N A N D C O N S U M P T I O N D ATA To tal roof a re a : A pproxi m ate l y 1500.0 m 2 To ta l usa ge per day: A pproxi m atel y 3000.0 l i tre s

Rainwater Underground anoxic tank Ta n k s

C le an wate r rel ea s e i nto s a nd a nd ro ck te r rains fo r the f i na l f i l trati o n pro ce s s b efo re enteri ng L i nden Creek .

C o ncrete lago o ns fo r ir r igat io n & fe r t iliz ing and f ur t h e r wate r pu r if icat io n

THE RAIN OF LINDEN

WAT E R TA N K S P E C I F I C AT I O N

M AT E R I A L I T Y

Yearly mean rainfall: 1144.2 mm Potent ial draught year rainfall: 402.9 Highest rainfall mont h: Januar y Lowest rainfall mont h: July

1 0 X 2 0 lit re s co ncrete wate r tan ks re qu ire d fo r ade q uate wate r s upp ly ye ar ro und, wit h 1 5 .0 % wate r in tank e ach m ainte n ance cycle in Ju ne .

To us e o f no n-tox ic m ateri a l s a re v i ta l i n the prevention of harm to both human consumption and t h e e nv iro nm e nt . A s s uc h, co nc rete water tanks and high -de ns it y po pl yethy l ene pi pes are s pe cif ie d ove r ste e l ta nks a n d PVC pi p es .

JANUARY

FEBRUARY

MARCH

APRIL

M AY

JUNE

J U LY

AUGUST

SEPTEMBER

OCTOBER

NOVEMBER

DECEMBER

T O TA L

100.4

110.6

121.7

106.4

101.4

121.9

69.9

80.4

62.5

70.8

82.1

74.7

1102.9

118080

130320

143640

125280

119280

143880

81480

94080

72600

82560

96120

87240

1394560

3600

28680

72000

122640

157920

184200

200000

30000

31080

13680

3240

9360

856400

93000

87000

93000

90000

93000

90000

93000

93000

90000

93000

90000

93000

1098000

28680

72000

122640

157920

184200

200000

188480

31080

13680

3240

9360

3600

1014880

GOOD

GOOD

GOOD

GOOD

GOOD

OVERFLOW

GOOD

GOOD

GOOD

GOOD

GOOD

GOOD

Water tank spreadsheet obtained from the University of Adelaide

H E A L T H

A N D

H A P P I N E S S

S h u Ya n Ye w Health and Happiness petal intends to create an environment that optimize physical and psychological health and well-being. As the first chapter of this portfolio has addressed the placebased relationship, this section will focus on other categories of attaining Biophilic environment that are relevant to this project. A brief research and analysis on the architectural theory are done in response to the Biophilic environment criteria, followed up by schematic sketches of the idea and finally the render of the proposal, all corresponds to the petal of Health and Happiness.

LIGHT AND SPACE DIFFUSED LIGHT: TRANSLUCENT OPENINGS AND REFLECTED LIGHT The operable skylights in this project are made out of a series of frosted glass, to achieve a softer natural light and reduce the heat gain. This is especially crucial to the exhibition space where the exhibit items are protected from light damage, and the accommodation where dimmer space is required to rest.

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PLACE-BASED RELATIONSHIP REVENGE & SPIRITUALITY: LIGHT FUNNELS AND HIGH OPENINGS Darug community spirituality is deeply connected to the land and sky, which became an inspiration to incorporate the light funnels in the refuge zone, as one rests and contemplate the beauty of the earth, by looking out of the window; and sky, by viewing up through the funnels.

EVOLVED HUMAN-NATURE RELATIONSHIPS EXPLORATION & DISCOVERY: MOVING TOWARDS A PLACE WHICH WITHHOLD INFORMATION According to Stephen Kaplan, settings with “a trail that disappeared around a bend” encourage exploration, as it withholds more information ahead.8 Discovery is an important theme for this project due to the educational function as part of the mission, therefore it is necessary to create an environment which evokes exploration, through the use of the endless ring, encouraging users to survey the landscape and bush-walk around the site.

REFUGE & PROSPECT: OVERHANGING EAVES AND OPENINGS FOR SURVEYING As termed by Jay Appleton, refuge is a place of protection while prospect is a place of forage.9 Humans biologically look for such settings for survival and the primitive example of refuge, the cave features contained spaces with subdued light, conveying the possibility for hiding and safety. In modern times, overhanging eaves shares similar characteristic with the subtracted space of the cave and the entrance provides view towards the landscape for surveying. This technique is applied on the refuge zone, the accommodation where the openings are punched inwards, forming a subtle cave-like form while overlooking the surrounding.

CURIOSITY & ENTICEMENT: MOVING FROM DARK TO BRIGHT SPACE Due to human information-seeking intuition, the dramatized space of contrasted light engendered a mysterious situation that arouses humans’ curiosity, termed as enticement by Grant Hildebrand.10 According to Stephen Kaplan, the mysterious condition consists of the “partly revealed” qualities with “intervening foliage,” an element that disrupt the visual flow, alluring human movement from darker occupied space to brighter distant space.11 Throughout the site, the availability of the natural screens contributes in achieving the space of “intervening foliage”. However, this project aimed to bring the aesthetical qualities of light and shadow into architecture itself, thus the amount of openings are controlled in a manner that they allow sufficient natural light in but with a dramatic touch.

FEAR & AWE: FALLING HAZARD YET MANAGEABLE, OVER-LOOKING TERRAIN Jay Appleton asserts that humans intuitively are equipped with sensitivity to a dangerous situation, where by source of thrill, or perhaps assurance is found while ensuring individual’s ability to handle danger.12 This characteristic can be observed in the modern building, such as the stilt house with light weight structures and being in a higher position looking the falling terrain. In correspondence to the ring, the feeling of fear is integrated by suspending part of the ring into the woods, guided by the concept of ‘touching the ground lightly’ to reduce environmental impact.

Such peril setting will intensify the haven of safety, where the refuge area comes into play.

50

T H E

R E F L E C T I O N

T H E

G R E E N S

T H E

R E F U G E

T H E

R E F U G E

T H E

P R O S P E C T

T H E

T H I R D

C U L T U R E

T H E

R E D

N O V A

P H Y S I C A L

M O D E L S

58

59

B I B L I O G R A P H Y 1 & 2 Ro a d s & Traff i c Authori ty [ NSW ]. A boriginal Heritage A ssessment : Prelimi nar y Env iro n m e ntal I nve st igat io n- G re at We ste r n H ighway U pgrade , M t V i c tor i a to L i thgow, Pha se 2: Corridor A rea Invest igation. Sydney : Croydo n, 2 0 0 9 . htt p: //w w w.r m s .nsw. gov.au /do cu m e nt s /pro j e ct s /we ste r n-nsw/kato o m ba - l i th gow / mv 2 l _ i nd i ge nous_he r i ta ge_worki ng_paper.pdf.

3 I a n Ja c k . 2001. “ T he Si gni f i ca nce of t he Route across t he Blue Mountains in N ew So ut h Wale s .” Pape r pre s e nte d at t h e M aking Tracks - Fo r m Po int to Pat hway : T he Heri ta ge o f Ro u tes & Journeys, Al i c e Springs Resort s, Cent ral Aust ralia, 23-27 May 2 0 0 1 . htt p: //w w w.aico m o s .co m /wp-co nte nt /uplo ads /The -Signif icance -o f-t he -Ro ute - a c ro s s - th e- Bl ueM o unta i n s-i n-New- South- Wa l es.pdf.

4 Li n de n Obse r vator y: H i stor y Under t he S tars, “ Welcome to Linden Obser vato r y,” Lin de n O bs e r vato r y, last acce s s e d Se pte m be r 1 7 , 2 0 1 7 , htt p: //linde no bs e r vato r y. co m . a u.

5 I nte r nat iona l L i vi ng Future Inst it ute, “Hawaii Preparator y A cademy Energy Lab,” I nte r n at io nal Liv ing F ut u re I nst it ute , last acce s s e d Se pte m be r 1 7 , 2 0 1 7 , htt ps : / /a c c es s . l i v i n g f ut ure . o rg /ca se - study/ hpa ene rgy lab.

6 A nna Se r ra , “ Hawa i i ’s L i vi ng L a borator y,” High Performance Buildings, 2011, htt p: //w w w.h pbm agaz ine .o rg /attachm e nt s /ar t icle /1 1 9 9 1 /1 1 Sp-Th e -Ene rgy-Lab-at-H awa i i - Prepa rato r yA ca de my- Ka m uel a - HI.pdf.

7 C o r y Ne stor a nd Ter ra pi n B r i ght Green, “ Windhover: Contemplat ive Center & A r t G alle r y,” Te r rain B r ight G re e n, last acce s s e d Se pte m be r 1 7 , 2 0 1 7 , htt ps : //w w w.te r ra pi n bri g htg reen. co m/ w p- content/ upl oa ds/ 2015 /11/Windhover_CaseS tudy _Fall15.pdf.

8 Ste ph e n Ka pl a n, “Ae stheti c s, Affect , and Cognit ion,” Env ironment and Behav io r 1 9 , no .1 ( Jan , 1 9 8 7 ) : 8 .

9 Jay A pp l eton, T he E x pe r i enc e of Landscape (London: Wiley, 1975), 73.

10 G ra nt H i lde bra nd, Or i gi ns of A rchitect ural Pleasure (London: Universit y o f C alifo r nia Pre s s Ltd, 1 9 9 9 ) , 5 4 .

11 Ka pl a n, “Aestheti c s, Affe c t, a nd Cognit ion,” 8.

12 A ppl eto n, T he E x per i enc e of L andscape, 85-90.

I M A G E

R E F E R E N C E

I ma ge 1 H awa i i Prepa rator y Aca demy Energy Lab. Digital Image. Internat ional Liv ing F ut ure I nst it ute . A cce s s e d Se pte m be r 1 7 , 2 0 1 7 . htt ps : //acce s s .liv ing-f ut ure . o rg /ca s e- study / hp a e ne rgyl a b.

I ma ge 2 - 5 A i dl i n Da r l i ng C re ate s a Meditat ion Center at S tanford Universit y w it h ram m e d-e ar t h walls . D igital I m age . D eze e n. A cce s s e d Se pte m b e r 1 7 , 2 0 1 7 . htt ps : / / w w w. dezeen. co m/ 2 0 1 6/ 05/ 23/a i dl i n- da r l i ng-design-w indhover-spirit ual-meditat ion-cent re -stanfo rd -un ive rs it y-califo r nia-ram m e d -e ar t h-walls /.